TA Ta, v. t. (continued 9)

TITHONOMETER Tith`o*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Tithonic + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument or apparatus for measuring or detecting tithonicity; an actinometer. [R.]

TITHYMAL Tith"y*mal, n. Etym: [L. tithymalus a plant with a milklike sap, Gr. tithymale.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any kind of spurge, esp. Euphorbia Cyparissias.

TITI Ti"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Teetee.

TITILLATE Tit"il*late, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Titillated; p. pr. & vb. n. Titillating.] Etym: [L. titillatus, p.p. of titillare.]

Defn: To tickle; as, to titillate the nose with a feather. The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope.

TITILLATION Tit`il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. titillatio: cf. F. titillation.]

1. The act of tickling, or the state of being tickled; a tickling sensation. A. Tucker.

2. Any pleasurable sensation. Those titillations that reach no higher than the senses. Glanvill.

TITILLATIVE Tit"il*la*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or serving to titillate, or tickle; tickling.

TITIVATE; TITTIVATE Tit"i*vate, Tit"ti*vate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Titivated; p. pr. & vb. n. Titivating.] [Formed from an uncertain source, in imitation of words in -ate fr. L.]

Defn: To dress or smarten up; to spruce. —Tit`i*va"tion, Tit`ti*va"tion (#), n. [Both Humorous]

"Come here, an' let me titivate you." He sat down beside her, and submitted to be dusted. Quiller-Couch.

TITLARK Tit"lark`, n. Etym: [Tit a small bird + lark.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small spring birds belonging to Anthus, Corydalla, and allied genera, which resemble the true larks in color and in having a very long hind claw; especially, the European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis).

TITLE Ti"tle, n. Etym: [OF. title, F. titre, L. titulus an inscription, label, title, sign, token. Cf. Tilde, Titrate, Titular.]

1. An inscription put over or upon anything as a name by which it is known.

2. The inscription in the beginning of a book, usually containing the subject of the work, the author's and publisher's names, the date, etc.

3. (Bookbindng)

Defn: The panel for the name, between the bands of the back of a book.

4. A section or division of a subject, as of a law, a book, specif. (Roman & Canon Laws), a chapter or division of a law book.

5. An appellation of dignity, distinction, or preëminence (hereditary or acquired), given to persons, as duke marquis, honorable, esquire, etc. With his former title greet Macbeth. Shak.

6. A name; an appellation; a designation.

7. (Law) (a) That which constitutes a just cause of exclusive possession; that which is the foundation of ownership of property, real or personal; a right; as, a good title to an estate, or an imperfect title. (b) The instrument which is evidence of a right. (c) (Canon Law) That by which a beneficiary holds a benefice.

8. (Anc. Church Records)

Defn: A church to which a priest was ordained, and where he was to reside. Title deeds (Law), the muniments or evidences of ownership; as, the title deeds to an estate.

Syn. — Epithet; name; appellation; denomination. See epithet, and Name.

TITLE Ti"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titled; p. pr. & vb. n. Titling.] Etym: [Cf. L. titulare, F. titrer. See Title, n.]

Defn: To call by a title; to name; to entitle. Hadrian, having quieted the island, took it for honor to be titled on his coin, "The Restorer of Britain." Milton.

TITLED Ti"tled, a.

Defn: Having or bearing a title.

TITLELESS Ti"tle*less, a.

Defn: Not having a title or name; without legitimate title. "A titleless tyrant." Chaucer.

TITLE-PAGE Ti"tle-page`, n.

Defn: The page of a book which contains it title. The world's all title-page; there's no contents. Young.

TITLER Tit"ler, n.

Defn: A large truncated cone of refined sugar.

TITLING Tit"ling, n. Etym: [Icel. titlingr a tit sparrow. See Tit a small bird.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) The hedge sparrow; — called also titlene. Its nest often chosen by the cuckoo as a place for depositing its own eggs. The titling, . . . being thus deceived, hatcheth the egg, and bringeth up the chick of another bird. Holland.

(b) The meadow pipit.

2. Stockfish; — formerly so called in customhouses.

TITMAL Tit"mal, n.

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

TITMOUSE Tit"mouse`, n.; pl. Titmice. Etym: [OE. titemose, titmase; tit small, or a small bird + AS. mase a kind of small bird; akin to D. mees a titmouse, G. meise, OHG. meisa, Icel. meisingr. The English form has been influenced by the unrelated word mouse. Cf. Tit a small bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small insectivorous singing birds belonging to Parus and allied genera; — called also tit, and tomtit.

Note: The blue titmouse (Parus coeruleus), the marsh titmouse (P. palustris), the crested titmouse (P. cristatus), the great titmouse (P. major), and the long tailed titmouse (Ægithalos caudatus), are the best-known European species. See Chickadee.

TITRATE Ti"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Titrating.] Etym: [F. titrer, from titre standard, title. See Title, n.] (Chem.)

Defn: To analyse, or determine the strength of, by means of standard solutions. Cf. Standardized solution, under Solution.

TITRATED Ti"tra*ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Standardized; determined or analyzed by titration; as, titrated solutions.

TITRATION Ti*tra"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of titrating; a substance obtained by titrating.

TITTER Tit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tittering.] Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: To laugh with the tongue striking against the root of the upper teeth; to laugh with restraint, or without much noise; to giggle. A group of tittering pages ran before. Longfellow.

TITTER Tit"ter, n.

Defn: A restrained laugh. "There was a titter of . . . delight on his countenance." Coleridge.

TITTER Tit"ter, v. i.

Defn: To seesaw. See Teeter.

TITTEREL Tit"ter*el, n.

Defn: The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]

TITTER-TOTTER Tit"ter-tot`ter, v. i.

Defn: See Teeter.

TITTIMOUSE Tit"ti*mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

TITTLE Tit"tle, n. Etym: [OE. titel, titil, apparently a dim. of tit, in the sense of small; cf. G. tüttel a tittle, dim. of OHG. tutta teat. Perhaps, however, the same word as title, n.]

Defn: A particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota. It is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail. Luke xvi. 17. Every tittle of this prophecy is most exactly verified. South.

TITTLEBAT Tit"tle*bat, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three-spined stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]

TITTLE-TATTLE Tit"tle-tat`tle, n. Etym: [A reduplication of tattle.]

1. Idle, trifling talk; empty prattle. Arbuthnot.

2. An idle, trifling talker; a gossip. [R.] Tatler.

TITTLE-TATTLE Tit"tle-tat`tle, v. i.

Defn: To talk idly; to prate. Shak.

TITTLE-TATTLING Tit"tle-tat`tling, n.

Defn: The act or habit of parting idly or gossiping.

TITTUP Tit"tup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tittuped or Tittupped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tittuping or Tittupping.] [Written also titup.] [Cf. Teeter.]

Defn: To behave or move in a lively or restless manner, as an impatient horse; to caper; to prance; to frisk. Kipling.

TITTUP Tit"tup, n.

Defn: The act of tittuping; lively, gay, or restless behavior or gait; a prance or caper. [Written also titup.]

TITTUPPY Tit"tup*py, a.

Defn: Given to tittuping; gay; lively; prancing; also, shaky; unsteady.

TITTY Tit"ty, n.

Defn: A little teat; a nipple. [Familiar]

TITUBATE Tit"u*bate, v. i. Etym: [L. titubatus, p.p. of titubare to stagger, totter.]

1. To stumble. [Obs.]

2. To rock or roll, as a curved body on a plane.

TITUBATION Tit`u*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. titubatio: cf. F. titubation.]

Defn: The act of stumbling, rocking, or rolling; a reeling. Quain.

TITULAR Tit"u*lar, a. Etym: [F. titulaire, fr. L. titulus. See Title.]

Defn: Existing in title or name only; nominal; having the title to an office or dignity without discharging its appropriate duties; as, a titular prince. If these magnificent titles yet remain Not merely titular. Milton. Titular bishop. See under Bishop.

TITULAR Tit"u*lar, n.

Defn: A titulary. [R.]

TITULARITY Tit`u*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being titular. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

TITULARLY Tit"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a titular manner; nominally; by title only.

TITULARY Tit"u*la*ry, n.; pl. Titularies. Etym: [Cf. F. titulaire.]

Defn: A person invested with a title, in virtue of which he holds an office or benefice, whether he performs the duties of it or not.

TITULARY Tit"u*la*ry, a.

1. Consisting in a title; titular.

2. Of or pertaining to a title.

TITULED Tit"uled, a.

Defn: Having a title. [Obs.] Fuller.

TIVER Tiv"er, n. Etym: [AS. teáfor, teáfur.]

Defn: A kind of ocher which is used in some parts of England in marking sheep. [Prov. Eng.]

TIVER Tiv"er, v. t.

Defn: To mark with tiver. [Prov. Eng.]

TIVOLI Tiv"o*li, n. [Prob. fr. Tivoli in Italy, a pleasure resort not far from Rome.]

Defn: A game resembling bagatelle, played on a special oblong board or table (Tivoli board or table), which has a curved upper end, a set of numbered compartments at the lower end, side alleys, and the surface studded with pins and sometimes furnished with numbered depressions or cups.

TIVY Tiv"y, adv. Etym: [See Tantivy.]

Defn: With great speed; — a huntsman's word or sound. Dryden.

TIZA Ti"za, n. Etym: [CF. Sp. tiza whitening, a kind of chalk or pipe clay.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Ulexite.

TLINKIT Tlin"kit, n. pl.

Defn: The Indians of a seafaring group of tribes of southern Alaska comprising the Koluschan stock. Previous to deterioration from contact with the whites they were the foremost traders of the northwest. They built substantial houses of cedar adorned with totem poles, and were expert stone carvers and copper workers. Slavery, the potlatch, and the use of immense labrets were characteristic. Many now work in the salmon industry.

TMESIS Tme"sis, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The separation of the parts of a compound word by the intervention of one or more words; as, in what place soever, for whatsoever place.

TO- To- (, see To, prep.) Etym: [AS. to- asunder; akin to G. zer-, and perhaps to L. dis-, or Gr.

Defn: An obsolete intensive prefix used in the formation of compound verbs; as in to-beat, to-break, to-hew, to-rend, to-tear. See these words in the Vocabulary. See the Note on All to, or All-to, under All, adv.

TO To (emphatic or alone, obscure or unemphatic), prep. Etym: [AS. to; akin to OS. & OFries. to, D. toe, G. zu, OHG. zuo, zua, zo, Russ. do, Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as in endo, indu, in, Gr. Too, Tatoo a beat of drums.]

1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it, access; and also, motion or tendency without arrival; movement toward; — opposed to Ant: from. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer. Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Shak. So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled. Milton. I'll to him again, . . . He'll tell me all his purpose. She stretched her arms to heaven. Dryden.

2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as, he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor.

Note: Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of at, or in. "When the sun was [gone or declined] to rest." Chaucer.

3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as, these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor. Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter. B. Jonson. Whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him. Shak. Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity. 2 Pet. i. 5,6,7. I have a king's oath to the contrary. Shak. Numbers were crowded to death. Clarendon. Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears. Dryden. Go, buckle to the law. Dryden.

4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to go, i.e., ready unto going; good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i.e., I love learning; to die for one's country is noble, i.e., the dying for one's country. Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what went ye out for see (Matt. xi. 8). Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers for to seeken strange stranders. Chaucer.

Note: Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to.

5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or implies: (a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as, they met us to the number of three hundred. We ready are to try our fortunes To the last man. Shak. Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten. Quant. Rev.

(b) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state. (c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as, they engaged hand to hand. Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Cor. xiii. 12.

(d) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste; she has a husband to her mind. He to God's image, she to his was made. Dryden.

(e) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend him. All that they did was piety to this. B. Jonson.

(f) Addition; union; accumulation. Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage. Denham.

(g) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced to the music of a piano. Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and soft recorders. Milton.

(h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office filled. [In this sense archaic] "I have a king here to my flatterer." Shak. Made his masters and others . . . to consider him to a little wonder. Walton.

Note: To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on, (this) night, for, or on, (the) morrow. To-day, to-night, to-morrow may be considered as compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as nouns; as, to-day is ours. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow; Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. Shak. To and again, to and fro. [R.] — To and fro, forward and back. In this phrase, to is adverbial. There was great showing both to and fro. Chaucer. — To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence a to- and-fro. Tennyson. — To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of. — To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i.

Note: To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as, put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. "To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to!" Shak.

TOAD Toad, n. Etym: [OE. tode, tade, AS. tadie, tadige; of unknown origin. Cf. Tadpole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of batrachians belonging to the genus Bufo and allied genera, especially those of the family Bufonidæ. Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except during the breeding season, when they seek the water. Most of the species burrow beneath the earth in the daytime and come forth to feed on insects at night. Most toads have a rough, warty skin in which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid.

Note: The common toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar European species. The common American toad (B. lentiginosus) is similar to the European toad, but is less warty and is more active, moving chiefly by leaping. Obstetrical toad. (Zoöl.) See under Obstetrical. — Surinam toad. (Zoöl.) See Pita. — Toad lizard (Zoöl.), a horned toad. — Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant (Equisetum limosum) growing in muddy places. Dr. Prior. — Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush (Juncus bufonius). — Toad snatcher (Zoöl.), the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] — Toad spittle. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. — Tree toad. (Zoöl.) See under Tree.

TOADEATER Toad"eat`er, n. Etym: [Said to be so called in allusion to an old alleged practice among mountebanks' boys of eating toads (popularly supposed to be poisonous), in order that their masters might have an opportunity of pretending to effect a cure. The French equivalent expression is un avaleur de couleuvres. Cf. Toady.]

Defn: A fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant; a flatterer; a toady. V. Knox. You had nearly imposed upon me, but you have lost your labor. You're too zealous a toadeater, and betray yourself. Dickens.

TOADFISH Toad"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any marine fish of the genus Batrachus, having a large, thick head and a wide mouth, and bearing some resemblance to a toad. The American species (Batrachus tau) is very common in shallow water. Called also oyster fish, and sapo. (b) The angler. (c) A swellfish.

TOADFLAX Toad"flax`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb (Linaria vulgaris) of the Figwort family, having narrow leaves and showy orange and yellow flowers; — called also butter and eggs, flaxweed, and ramsted.

TOADHEAD Toad"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]

TOADISH Toad"ish, a.

Defn: Like a toad. [Obs.] A. Stafford.

TOADLET Toad"let, n.

Defn: A small toad. [R.] Coleridge.

TOADSTONE Toad"stone`, n.

1. (Min.)

Defn: A local name for the igneous rocks of Derbyshire, England; — said by some to be derived from the German todter stein, meaning dead stone, that is, stone which contains no ores.

2. Bufonite, formerly regarded as a precious stone, and worn as a jewel. See Bufonite.

TOADSTOOL Toad"stool`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to many umbrella-shaped fungi, mostly of the genus Agaricus. The species are almost numberless. They grow on decaying organic matter.

TOADY Toad"y, n.; pl. Toadies. Etym: [Shortened from toadeater.]

1. A mean flatterer; a toadeater; a sycophant. Before I had been standing at the window five minutes, they somehow conveyed to me that they were all toadies and humbugs. Dickens.

2. A coarse, rustic woman. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

TOADY Toad"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toadied; p. pr. & vb. n. Toadying.]

Defn: To fawn upon with mean sycophancy.

TOADYISM Toad"y*ism, n.

Defn: The practice of meanly fawning on another; base sycophancy; servile adulation.

TOAST Toast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toasting.] Etym: [OF. toster to roast, toast, fr. L. torrere, tostum, to parch, roast. See Torrid.]

1. To dry and brown by the heat of a fire; as, to toast bread.

2. To warm thoroughly; as, to toast the feet.

3. To name when a health is proposed to be drunk; to drink to the health, or in honor, of; as, to toast a lady.

TOAST Toast, n. Etym: [OF. toste, or tostée, toasted bread. See Toast, v.]

1. Bread dried and browned before a fire, usually in slices; also, a kind of food prepared by putting slices of toasted bread into milk, gravy, etc. toaster. My sober evening let the tankard bless, With toast embrowned, and fragrant nutmeg fraught. T. Warton.

2. A lady in honor of whom persons or a company are invited to drink; — so called because toasts were formerly put into the liquor, as a great delicacy. It now came to the time of Mr. Jones to give a toast . . . who could not refrain from mentioning his dear Sophia. Fielding.

3. Hence, any person, especially a person of distinction, in honor of whom a health is drunk; hence, also, anything so commemorated; a sentiment, as "The land we live in," "The day we celebrate," etc. Toast rack, a small rack or stand for a table, having partitions for holding slices of dry toast.

TOASTER Toast"er, n.

1. One who toasts.

2. A kitchen utensil for toasting bread, cheese, etc. Toaster oven. an electrical toaster.

TOASTING Toast"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Toast, v. Toasting fork, a long-handled fork for toasting bread, cheese, or the like, by the fire.

TOASTMASTER Toast"mas`ter, n.

Defn: A person who presides at a public dinner or banquet, and announces the toasts.

TOAT Toat, n.

Defn: The handle of a joiner's plane. Knight.

TOBACCO To*bac"co, n. Etym: [Sp. tabaco, fr. the Indian tabaco the tube or pipe in which the Indians or Caribbees smoked this plant. Some derive the word from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where it was said to be first found by the Spaniards; others from the island of Tobago, one of the Caribbees. But these derivations are very doubtful.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An American plant (Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family, much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar smell, and an acrid taste.

Note: The name is extended to other species of the genus, and to some unrelated plants, as Indian tobacco (Nicotiana rustica, and also Lobelia inflata), mountain tobacco (Arnica montana), and Shiraz tobacco (Nicotiana Persica).

2. The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways. Tobacco box (Zoöl.), the common American skate. — Tobacco camphor. (Chem.) See Nicotianine. — Tobacco man, a tobacconist. [R.] — Tobacco pipe. (a) A pipe used for smoking, made of baked clay, wood, or other material. (b) (Bot.) Same as Indian pipe, under Indian. — Tobacco-pipe clay (Min.), a species of clay used in making tobacco pipes; — called also cimolite. — Tobacco-pipe fish. (Zoöl.) See Pipemouth. — Tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe as it is smoked. — Tobacco worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or Phlegethontius, Carolina). It is dark green, with seven oblique white stripes bordered above with dark brown on each side of the body. It feeds upon the leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, and is often very injurious to the tobacco crop. See Illust. of Hawk moth.

TOBACCONING To*bac"co*ning, n.

Defn: Smoking tobacco. [Obs.] "Tobacconing is but a smoky play." [Obs.] Sylvester.

TOBACCONIST To*bac"co*nist, n.

1. A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco.

2. A smoker of tobacco. [Obs.] Sylvester.

TO-BEAT To-beat", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + beat.]

Defn: To beat thoroughly or severely. [Obs.] Layamon.

TOBIAS FISH To*bi"as fish`. Etym: [See the Note under Asmodeus, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lant, or sand eel.

TOBIE To"bie, n. [Cf. Toby.]

Defn: A kind of inferior cigar of a long slender shape, tapered at one end. [Local, U. S.]

TOBINE To"bine, n. Etym: [Cf. G. tobin, D. tabijn. See Tabby.]

Defn: A stout twilled silk used for dresses.

TOBIT To"bit, n.

Defn: A book of the Apocrypha.

TOBOGGAN To*bog"gan, n. Etym: [Corruption of American Indian odabagan a sled.]

Defn: A kind of sledge made of pliable board, turned up at one or both ends, used for coasting down hills or prepared inclined planes; also, a sleigh or sledge, to be drawn by dogs, or by hand, over soft and deep snow. [Written also tobogan, and tarbogan.]

TOBOGGAN To*bog"gan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tobogganed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tobogganing.]

Defn: To slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan. Barilett.

TOBOGGANER; TOBOGGANIST To*bog"gan*er, To*bog"gan*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices tobogganing.

TO-BREAK To-break", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + break.]

Defn: To break completely; to break in pieces. [Obs.] With nose and mouth to-broke. Chaucer.

TO-BREST To-brest", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + brest.]

Defn: To burst or break in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOBY To"by, n.; pl. -bies (#). [Perh. from the proper name.]

Defn: A small jug, pitcher, or mug, generally used for ale, shaped somewhat like a stout man, with a cocked hat forming the brim.

TOCCATA Toc*ca"ta, n. Etym: [It., fr. toccare to touch. See Touch.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio.

TOCCATELLA; TOCCATINA Toc`ca*tel"la, Toc`ca*ti"na, n. [It.] (Music)

Defn: A short or simple toccata.

TOCHER Toch"er, n. Etym: [Gael. tochradh.]

Defn: Dowry brought by a bride to her husband. [Scot.] Burns.

TOCKAY Tock"ay, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spotted lizard native of India.

TOCO To"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A toucan (Ramphastos toco) having a very large beak. See Illust. under Toucan.

TOCOLOGY To*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of obstetrics, or midwifery; that department of medicine which treats of parturition. [Written also tokology.]

TOCORORO To*co*ro"ro, n. Etym: [Probably from the native name through the Spanish: cf. Sp. tocororo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus) having a serrated bill and a tail concave at the end.

TOCSIN Toc"sin, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. toquier to touch, F. toquer (originally, a dialectic form of F. toucher) + seint (for sein) a bell, LL. signum, fr. L. signum a sign, signal. See Touch, and Sign.]

Defn: An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm. The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm. Campbell.

TOD Tod (tôd), n. Etym: [Akin to D. todde a rag, G. zotte shag, rag, a tuft of hair, Icel. toddi a piece of a thing, a tod of wool.]

1. A bush; a thick shrub; a bushy clump. [R.] "An ivy todde." Spenser. The ivy tod is heavy with snow. Coleridge.

2. An old weight used in weighing wool, being usually twenty-eight pounds.

3. A fox; — probably so named from its bushy tail. The wolf, the tod, the brock. B. Jonson. Tod stove, a close stove adapted for burning small round wood, twigs, etc. [U.S.] Knight.

TOD Tod, v. t. & i.

Defn: To weigh; to yield in tods. [Obs.]

TO-DAY To-day", adv. Etym: [AS. to dæg. See To, prep., and Day.]

Defn: On this day; on the present day. Worcester's horse came but to-day. Shak.

TO-DAY To-day", n.

Defn: The present day. today. On to-day Is worth for me a thousand yesterdays. Longfellow.

TODDLE Tod"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toddling.] Etym: [Akin to tottle, totter.]

Defn: To walk with short, tottering steps, as a child.

TODDLE Tod"dle, n.

Defn: A toddling walk. Trollope.

TODDLER Tod"dler, n.

Defn: One who toddles; especially, a young child. Mrs. Gaskell.

TODDY Tod"dy, n. Etym: [Formed from Hind. ta the juice of the palmyra tree, popularly, toddy, fr. ta the palmyra tree, Skr. tala.]

1. A juice drawn from various kinds of palms in the East Indies; or, a spirituous liquor procured from it by fermentation.

2. A mixture of spirit and hot water sweetened.

Note: Toddy differs from grog in having a less proportion of spirit, and is being made hot and sweetened. Toddy bird (Zoöl.), a weaver bird of the East Indies and India: — so called from its fondness for the juice of the palm. — Toddy cat (Zoöl.), the common paradoxure; the palm cat.

TO-DO To-do", n. Etym: [To + do. Cf. Ado.]

Defn: Bustle; stir; commotion; ado. [Colloq.]

TODY To"dy, n.; pl. Todies. Etym: [Cf. NL. todus, F. todier, G. todvogel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small insectivorous West Indian birds of the genus Todus. They are allied to the kingfishers.

TOE Toe, n. Etym: [OE. too, taa, AS. ta; akin to D. teen, G. zehe, OHG. zeha, Icel. ta, Sw. tå, Dan. taa; of uncertain origin. *60.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the terminal members, or digits, of the foot of a man or an animal. "Each one, tripping on his toe." Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fore part of the hoof or foot of an animal.

3. Anything, or any part, corresponding to the toe of the foot; as, the toe of a boot; the toe of a skate.

4. (Mach.) (a) The journal, or pivot, at the lower end of a revolving shaft or spindle, which rests in a step. (b) A lateral projection at one end, or between the ends, of a piece, as a rod or bolt, by means of which it is moved. (c) A projection from the periphery of a revolving piece, acting as a cam to lift another piece. Toe biter (Zoöl.), a tadpole; a polliwig. — Toe drop (Med.), a morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated, as in talipes equinus. See Talipes.

TOE Toe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toed; p. pr. & vb. n. Toeing.]

Defn: To touch or reach with the toes; to come fully up to; as, to toe the mark.

TOE Toe, v. i.

Defn: To hold or carry the toes (in a certain way). To toe in, to stand or carry the feet in such a way that the toes of either foot incline toward the other. — To toe out, to have the toes of each foot, in standing or walking, incline from the other foot. toe in, to align the front wheels so that they point slightly toward each other.

TOED Toed, a.

1. Having (such or so many) toes; — chiefly used in composition; as, narrow-toed, four-toed.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: Having the end secured by nails driven obliquely, said of a board, plank, or joist serving as a brace, and in general of any part of a frame secured to other parts by diagonal nailing.

TOE DROP Toe drop. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated.

TOE HOLD Toe hold. (Wrestling)

Defn: A hold in which the agressor bends back his opponent's foot.

TO-FALL To-fall", n. (Arch.)

Defn: A lean-to. See Lean-to.

TOFF Toff, n. [Etym. uncertain.]

Defn: A fop; a beau; a swell. [Slang, Eng.] Kipling.

TOFFEE; TOFFY Tof"fee, Tof"fy, n.

Defn: Taffy. [Eng.]

TOFORE; TOFORN To*fore", To*forn", prep. & adv. Etym: [AS. toforan. See To, prep., Fore.]

Defn: Before. [Obs.] Toforn him goeth the loud minstrelsy. Chaucer. Would thou wert as thou tofore hast been! Shak.

TOFT Toft, n. Etym: [OE. toft a knoll; akin to LG. toft a field hedged in, not far from a house, Icel. topt a green knoll, grassy place, place marked out for a house, Dan. toft.]

1. A knoll or hill. [Obs.] "A tower on a toft." Piers Plowman.

2. A grove of trees; also, a plain. [Prov. Eng.]

3. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A place where a messuage has once stood; the site of a burnt or decayed house.

TOFTMAN Toft"man, n.; pl. Toftmen (.

Defn: The owner of a toft. See Toft, 3.

TOFUS To"fus, n. Etym: [L., tufa.]

1. Tophus.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Tufa. See under Tufa, and Toph.

TOG Tog, v. t. & i.

Defn: To put toggery, or togs, on; to dress; — usually with out, implying care, elaborateness, or the like. [Colloq. or Slang] Harper's Weekly.

TOGA To"ga, n.; pl. E. Togas, L. Togæ. Etym: [L., akin to tegere to cover. See Thatch.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The loose outer garment worn by the ancient Romans, consisting of a single broad piece of woolen cloth of a shape approaching a semicircle. It was of undyed wool, except the border of the toga prætexta. Toga prætexta. Etym: [L.], a toga with a broad purple border, worn by children of both sexes, by magistrates, and by persons engaged in sacred rites. — Toga virilis Etym: [L.], the manly gown; the common toga. This was assumed by Roman boys about the time of completing their fourteenth year.

TOGATED To"ga*ted, a. Etym: [L. togatus, from toga a toga.]

Defn: Dressed in a toga or gown; wearing a gown; gowned. [R.] Sir M. Sandys.

TOGED To"ged, a.

Defn: Togated. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

TOGETHER To*geth"er, adv. Etym: [OE. togedere, togidere, AS. togædere, togædre, togadere; to to + gador together. *29. See To, prep., and Gather.]

1. In company or association with respect to place or time; as, to live together in one house; to live together in the same age; they walked together to the town. Soldiers can never stand idle long together. Landor.

2. In or into union; into junction; as, to sew, knit, or fasten two things together; to mix things together. The king joined humanity and policy together. Bacon.

3. In concert; with mutual coöperation; as, the allies made war upon France together. Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with; along with. Take the bad together with the good. Dryden.

TOGGERY Tog"ger*y, n. Etym: [Cf. Togated.]

Defn: Clothes; garments; dress; as, fishing toggery. [Colloq.] togs

TOGGLE Tog"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Tug.] [Written also toggel.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A wooden pin tapering toward both ends with a groove around its middle, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope to be secured to any other loop or bight or ring; a kind of button or frog capable of being readily engaged and disengaged for temporary purposes.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: Two rods or plates connected by a toggle joint. Toggle iron, a harpoon with a pivoted crosspiece in a mortise near the point to prevent it from being drawn out when a whale, shark, or other animal, is harpooned. — Toggle joint, an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight line, and made to produce great endwise pressure, when any force is applied to bring them into this position.

TOGHT Toght, a.

Defn: Taut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOGIDER; TOGIDRES To*gid"er, To*gid"res, adv.

Defn: Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOGS Togs, n. pl. [See Toggery.]

Defn: Clothes; garments; toggery. [Colloq. or Slang]

TOGUE Togue, n. Etym: [From the American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The namaycush.

TOHEW To*hew", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + hew.]

Defn: To hew in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOHUBOHU To"hu*bo"hu (to"hoo-bo"hoo), n. [F. tohu-bohu, fr. Heb. tohu wa bohu without form and void (Gen. i. 2).]

Defn: Chaos; confusion.

Was ever such a tohubohu of people as there assembles Thuckeray.

TOIL Toil, n. Etym: [F. toiles, pl., toils, nets, fr. toile cloth, canvas, spider web, fr. L. tela any woven stuff, a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Toilet.]

Defn: A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey; — usually in the plural. As a Numidian lion, when first caught, Endures the toil that holds him. Denham. Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found. Dryden.

TOIL Toil, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toiling.] Etym: [OE. toilen to pull about, to toil; of uncertain origin; cf. OD. teulen, tuylen, to labor, till, or OF. tooillier, toailler, to wash, rub (cf. Towel); or perhaps ultimately from the same root as E. tug.]

Defn: To exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration; to labor; to work.

TOIL Toil, v. t.

1. To weary; to overlabor. [Obs.] "Toiled with works of war." Shak.

2. To labor; to work; — often with out. [R.] Places well toiled and husbanded. Holland. [I] toiled out my uncouth passage. Milton.

TOIL Toil, n. Etym: [OE. toil turmoil, struggle; cf. OD. tuyl labor, work. See Toil, v.]

Defn: Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind, esp. the body. My task of servile toil. Milton. After such bloody toil, we bid good night. Shak.

Note: Toil is used in the formation of compounds which are generally of obvious signification; as, toil-strung, toil-wasted, toil-worn, and the like.

Syn. — Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task; travail. — Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its minuteness or dull uniformity. You do not know the heavy grievances, The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries, Which they impose. Southern. How often have I blessed the coming day, When toil remitting lent its turn to play. Goldsmith.

TOILER Toil"er, n.

Defn: One who toils, or labors painfully.

TOILET Toi"let, n. Etym: [F. toilette, dim. of toile cloth. See Toil a net.]

1. A covering of linen, silk, or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or a dressing room.

2. A dressing table. Pope.

3. Act or mode of dressing, or that which is arranged in dressing; attire; dress; as, her toilet is perfect. [Written also toilette.] Toilet glass, a looking-glass for a toilet table or for a dressing room. — Toilet service, Toilet set, earthenware, glass, and other utensils for a dressing room. — Toilet table, a dressing table; a toilet. See def. 2 above. — To snake one's toilet, to dress one's self; especially, to dress one's self carefully.

TOILETTE Toi*lette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Toilet, 3.

TOILFUL Toil"ful, a.

Defn: Producing or involving much toil; laborious; toilsome; as, toilful care. Mickle.

TOILINETTE Toi`li*nette", n. Etym: [F. toilinet. See Toil a net.]

Defn: A cloth, the weft of which is of woolen yarn, and the warp of cotton and silk, — used for w

TOILLESS Toil"less, a.

Defn: Free from toil.

TOILSOME Toil"some, a.

Defn: Attended with toil, or fatigue and pain; laborious; wearisome; as, toilsome work. What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks Milton. — Toil"some*ly, adv. — Toil"some*ness, n.

TOISE Toise, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. tesa, fr. L. tensus, fem. tensa, p.p. of tendere to stretch, extend. See Tense, a.]

Defn: An old measure of length in France, containing six French feet, or about 6.3946 French feet.

TOISON Toi`son" (twa`zôn"), n. [F.]

Defn: A sheep's fleece.

TOISON D'OR Toi`son" d'or" (dor"). [F.]

Defn: Lit., the golden fleece; specif., the order of the Golden Fleece, or its jewel.

TOKAY To*kay", n. Etym: [Named fr. Tokay in Hungary.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A grape of an oval shape and whitish color.

2. A rich Hungarian wine made from Tokay grapes.

TOKEN To"ken, n. Etym: [OE. token, taken, AS. tacen; akin to OFries. teken, OS. tekan, D. teeken, G. zeichen, OHG. Zeihhan, Icel. takan, teiken, Sw. tecken, Dan. tegn, Goth. taikns sign, token, gateihan to tell, show, AS. teón to accuse, G. zeihen, OHG. zihan, G. zeigen to show, OHG. zeigon, Icel. tja, L. dicere to say, Gr. di. Cf. Diction, Teach.]

1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah.

2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir. This is some token from a never friend. Shak.

3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc. Say, by this token, I desire his company. Shak.

4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value.

Note: It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens.

5. (Med.)

Defn: A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.] Like the fearful tokens of the plague, Are mere forerunners of their ends. Beau. & Fl.

6. (Print.)

Defn: Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.

7. (Ch. of Scot.)

Defn: A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper.

8. (Mining)

Defn: A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn. Token money, money which is lawfully current for more than its real value. See Token, n., 4. — Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage.

TOKEN To"ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tokened; p. pr. & vb. n. Tokening.] Etym: [AS. tacnian, fr. tacen token. See Token, n.]

Defn: To betoken. [Obs.] Shak.

TOKENED To"kened, a.

Defn: Marked by tokens, or spots; as, the tokened pestilence. [Obs.] Shak.

TOKENLESS To"ken*less, a.

Defn: Without a token.

TOKIN Tok"in, n.

Defn: A tocsin. [Obs.] Halliwell.

TOL Tol, v. t. (Law)

Defn: To take away. See Toll.

TOLA To"la, n. Etym: [Hind., from Skr. tula a balance.]

Defn: A weight of British India. The standard tola is equal to 180 grains.

TOLANE To*lane", n. Etym: [From Toluene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C14H10, related both to the acetylene and the aromatic series, and produced artificially as a white crystalline substance; — called also diphenyl acetylene.

TOLBOOTH Tol"booth`, n.

Defn: See Tollbooth.

TOLD Told,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Tell.

TOLE Tole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toling.] Etym: [OE. tollen to draw, to entice; of uncertain origin. Cf. Toll to ring a bell.]

Defn: To draw, or cause to follow, by displaying something pleasing or desirable; to allure by some bait. [Written also toll.] Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at then he should, tole him on to by insensible degrees, till at last he masters the difficulty.

TOLEDO To*le"do, n.

Defn: A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its weapons.

TOLERABILITY Tol`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tolerable. [R.] Fuller. Wordsworth.

TOLERABLE Tol"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. tolerabilis: cf. F. tolérable. See Tolerate.]

1. Capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally. As may affect tionearth with cold and heat Scarce tolerable. Milton.

2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment, or opposition; passable; as, a tolerable administration; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable translation. Dryden. — Tol"er*a*ble*ness, n. — Tol"er*a*bly, adv.

TOLERANCE Tol"er*ance, n. Etym: [L. tolerantia: cf. F. tolérance.]

1. The power or capacity of enduring; the act of enduring; endurance. Diogenes, one frosty morning, came into the market place,shaking, to show his tolerance. Bacon.

2. The endurance of the presence or actions of objectionable persons, or of the expression of offensive opinions; toleration.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The power possessed or acquired by some persons of bearing doses of medicine which in ordinary cases would prove injurious or fatal. Tolerance of the mint. (Coinage) Same as Remedy of the mint. See under Remedy.

TOLERANT Tol"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. tolerans, p.pr. of tolerare to tolerate: cf. F. tolérant. See Tolerate.]

Defn: Inclined to tolerate; favoring toleration; forbearing; ingulgent.

TOLERATE Tol"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tolerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Tolerating.] Etym: [L. toleratus, p.p. of tolerare, fr. the same root as tollere to lift up, tuli, used as perfect of ferre to bear, latus (for tlatus), used as p.p. of ferre to bear, and E. thole. See Thole, and cf. Atlas, Collation, Delay, Elate, Extol, Legislate, Oblate, Prelate, Relate, Superlative, Talent, Toll to take away, Translate.]

Defn: To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or hindrance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; to put up with; as, to tolerate doubtful practices. Crying should not be tolerated in children. Locke. We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require that toleration. Burke.

Syn. — See Permit.

TOLERATION Tol`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. toleratio: cf. OF. toleration.]

1. The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved.

2. Specifically, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state when contrary to, or different from, those of the established church or belief.

3. Hence, freedom from bigotry and severity in judgment of the opinions or belief of others, especially in respect to religious matters.

TOLL Toll, v. t. Etym: [L. tollere. See Tolerate.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: To take away; to vacate; to annul.

TOLL Toll, v. t. Etym: [See Tole.]

1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole.

2. Etym: [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.]

Defn: To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; as, to toll the funeral bell. "The sexton tolled the bell." Hood.

3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak. Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour. Beattie.

4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing. When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells. Dryden.

TOLL Toll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tolling.]

Defn: To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person. The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll. Shak. Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell. Pope.

TOLL Toll, n.

Defn: The sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated.

TOLL Toll, n. Etym: [OE. tol, AS. toll; akin to OS. & D. tol, G. zoll, OHG. zol, Icel. tollr, Sw. tull, Dan. told, and also to E. tale; — originally, that which is counted out in payment. See Tale number.]

1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like.

2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.

3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding. Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. — Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. — Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. — Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. — Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. — Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. — Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. — Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. — Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. — Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill.

Syn. — Tax; custom; duty; impost.

TOLL Toll, v. i.

1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak.

2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.] Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice. Chaucer. No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions. Shak.

TOLL Toll, v. t.

Defn: To collect, as a toll. Shak.

TOLLABLE Toll"a*ble, a.

Defn: Subject to the payment of toll; as, tollable goods. Wright.

TOLLAGE Toll"age, n.

Defn: Payment of toll; also, the amount or quantity paid as toll. Drayton.

TOLLBOOTH Toll"booth`, n. Etym: [Toll a tax + booth.] Etym: [Written also tolbooth.]

1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. [Obs.] He saw Levy . . . sitting at the tollbooth. Wyclif (Mark ii. 14).

2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town jail. Sir W. Scott.

TOLLBOOTH Toll"booth`, v. t.

Defn: To imprison in a tollbooth. [R.] That they might tollbooth Oxford men. Bp. Corbet.

TOLLER Toll"er, n. Etym: [AS. tollere.]

Defn: A toll gatherer. "Tollers in markets." Piers Plowman.

TOLLER Toll"er, n.

Defn: One who tolls a bell.

TOLLETANE Tol"le*tane, a. Etym: [L. Toletanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Toledo in Spain; made in Toledo. [Obs.] "Tables Tolletanes." Chaucer.

TOLLGATE Toll"gate`, n.

Defn: A gate where toll is taken.

TOLLHOUSE Toll"house`, n.; pl. Tollhouses (.

Defn: A house occupied by a receiver of tolls.

TOLLMAN Toll"man, n.; pl. Tollmen (.

Defn: One who receives or collects toll; a toll gatherer. Cowper.

TOLMEN Tol"men, n.

Defn: See Dolmen.

TOLSESTER Tol"ses*ter, n. Etym: [LL. tolsestrum. Cf. Toll a tax.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A toll or tribute of a sextary of ale, paid to the lords of some manors by their tenants, for liberty to brew and sell ale. Cowell.

TOLSEY Tol"sey, n.

Defn: A tollbooth; also, a merchants' meeting place, or exchange. [Obs.] Halliwell.

TOLSTOYAN; TOLSTOIAN Tol*stoy"an, Tol*stoi"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Tolstoy (1828-1910). — n.

Defn: A follower of Tolstoy, who advocates and practices manual labor, simplicity of living, nonresistance, etc., holds that possession of wealth and ownership of property are sinful, and in religion rejects all teachings not coming from Christ himself.

TOLT Tolt, n. Etym: [LL. tolta, fr. L. tollere to take away.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A writ by which a cause pending in a court baron was removed into a country court. Cowell.

TOLTEC Tol"tec, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico. — Tol"te*can, a.

TOLU To*lu", n.

Defn: A fragrant balsam said to have been first brought from Santiago de Tolu, in New Granada. See Balsam of Tolu, under Balsam. Tolu tree (Bot.), a large tree (Myroxylon toluiferum), the wood of which is red in the center, and has an aromatic rose odor. It affords the balsam called tolu.

TOLUATE Tol"u*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of any one of the toluic acids.

TOLUENE Tol"u*ene, n. Etym: [Tolu + benzene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; — called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.

TOLUENYL Tol`u*e"nyl, n. Etym: [Toluene + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Tolyl. [Obs.]

TOLUIC To*lu"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids, CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous to benzoic acids. They are white crystalline substances, and are called respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic acid, and paratoluic acid.

TOLUID Tol"u*id, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A complex double tolyl and toluidine derivative of glycocoll, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

TOLUIDINE To*lu"i*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene analogous to aniline, and called respectively orthtoluidine, metatoluidine, and paratoluidine; especially, the commonest one, or paratoluidine, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Note: It is used in the aniline dye industry, and constitutes the essential nucleus or radical of those dyes.

TOLUOL; TOLUOLE Tol"u*ol, Tol"u*ole n. Etym: [Tolu + benzol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Toluene.

TOLURIC To*lu"ric, a. Etym: [Toluic + uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of three isomeric crystalline acids, C9H10ON.CO2H, which are toluyl derivatives of glycocoll.

TOLUTATION Tol`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. tolutim on a trot, properly, lifting up the feet, akin to tollere to lift up.]

Defn: A pacing or ambling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

TOLUYL Tol"u*yl, n. Etym: [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the three hypothetical radicals corresponding to the three toluic acids.

TOLUYLENE Tol"u*yl*ene, n. (Chem.) (a) Same as Stilbene. (b) Sometimes, but less properly, tolylene.

TOLYL Tol"yl, n. Etym: [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C6H4, regarded as characteristic of certain compounds of the aromatic series related to toluene; as, tolyl carbinol.

TOLYLENE Tol"yl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, C6H4.(CH2)2, regarded as characteristic of certain toluene derivatives.

TOLYPEUTINE Tol`y*peu"tine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The apar.

TOM Tom, n.

Defn: The knave of trumps at gleek. [Obs.]

TOMAHAWK Tom"a*hawk, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin; cf. Algonkin tomehagen, Mohegan tumnahegan, Delaware tamoihecan.]

Defn: A kind of war hatchet used by the American Indians. It was originally made of stone, but afterwards of iron.

TOMAHAWK Tom"a*hawk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tomahawked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tomahawking.]

Defn: To cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk.

TOMALEY Tom"a`ley, n.

Defn: The liver of the lobster, which becomes green when boiled; — called also tomalline.

TOMAN To*man", n. Etym: [Per. toman; from a Mongol word signifying, ten thousand.]

Defn: A money of account in Persia, whose value varies greatly at different times and places. Its average value may be reckoned at about two and a half dollars.

TOM AND JERRY Tom and Jerry.

Defn: A hot sweetened drink of rum and water spiced with cinnamon, cloves, etc., and beaten up with eggs.

TOMATO To*ma"to, n.; pl. Tomatoes. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. tomate, of American Indian origin; cf. Mexican tomail.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Lycopersicum esculentun); also, the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is eaten either cooked or uncooked. Tomato gall (Zoöl.), a large gall consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red, and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly (Lasioptera vitis). — Tomato sphinx (Zoöl.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk moth. See Illust. of Hawk moth. — Tomato worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or Macrosila, quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also potato worm.

TOMB Tomb, n. Etym: [OE. tombe, toumbe, F. tombe, LL. tumba, fr. Gr. tumulus a mound. Cf. Tumulus.]

1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a grave; a sepulcher. As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Shak.

2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof, for the reception of the dead. "In tomb of marble stones." Chaucer.

3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and memory of the dead. Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak. Tomb bat (Zoöl.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species (T. perforatus).

TOMB Tomb,, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tombed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tombing.]

Defn: To place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb. I tombed my brother that I might be blessed. Chapman.

TOMBAC Tom"bac, n. Etym: [Pg. tambaca,tambaque, fr. Malay tambaga copper; cf. Skr. tamraka; cf. F. tombac.] (Metal.)

Defn: An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, and containing about 84 per cent of copper; — called also German, or Dutch, brass. It is very malleable and ductile, and when beaten into thin leaves is sometimes called Dutch metal. The addition of arsenic makes white tombac. [Written also tombak, and tambac.]

TOM ' BEDLAM Tom o' Bed"lam.

Defn: Formerly, a wandering mendicant discharged as incurable from Bethlehem Hospitel, Eng.; hence, a wandering mendicant, either mad or feigning to be so; a madman; a bedlamite.

TOMBESTER Tom"bes*ter, n. Etym: [See Tumble, and -ster.]

Defn: A female dancer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOMBLESS Tomb"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a tomb.

TOMBOY Tom"boy`, n. Etym: [Tom (for Thomas, L. Thomas, fr. Gr. boy.]

Defn: A romping girl; a hoiden. [Colloq.] J. Fletcher.

TOMBSTONE Tomb"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased.

TOMCAT Tom"cat`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + cat.]

Defn: A male cat, especially when full grown or of large size.

TOMCOD Tom"cod`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + cod: cf. F. tacaud whiting pout, American Indian tacaud, literally, plenty fish.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small edible American fish (Microgadus tomcod) of the Codfish family, very abundant in autumn on the Atlantic coast of the Northen United States; — called also frostfish. See Illust. under Frostfish. (b) The kingfish. See Kingfish (a). (c) The jack. See 2d Jack, 8. (c).

TOME Tome, n. Etym: [F. tome (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. tomo), L. tomus, fr. Gr. tondere to shear, E. tonsure. Cf. Anatomy, Atom, Entomology, Epitome. ]

Defn: As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a larger work; a book; — usually applied to a ponderous volume. Tomes of fable and of dream. Cowper. A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not to be found in all the tomes of the casuists. Macaulay.

TOMELET Tome"let, n.

Defn: All small tome, or volume. [R.]

TOMENTOSE To"men*tose`, a. Etym: [L. tomentum a stuffing of wool, hair, or feathers: cf. F. tomenteux.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with matted woolly hairs; as, a tomentose leaf; a tomentose leaf; a tomentose membrane.

TOMENTOUS To*men"tous, a.

Defn: Tomentose.

TOMENTUM To*men"tum, n.; pl. Tomenta. Etym: [L. See Tomentose. ] (Bot.)

Defn: The closely matted hair or downy nap covering the leaves or stems of some plants.

TOMFOOL Tom"fool`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + fool.]

Defn: A great fool; a trifler.

TOMFOOLERY Tom`fool"er*y, n.

Defn: Folly; trifling.

TOMIUM To"mi*um, n.; pl. Tomia Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cutting edge of the bill of a bird.

TOMJOHN Tom"john`, n. Etym: [Probably of East Indian origin.]

Defn: A kind of open sedan used in Ceylon, carried by a single pole on men's shoulders.

TOMMY Tom"my, n.

1. Bread, — generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang,Eng.]

2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money. [Slang, Eng.]

Note: Tommy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master, tommy-store,tommy-shop,etc.

TOMMY ATKINS Tom"my At"kins.

Defn: Any white regular soldier of the British army; also, such soldiers collectively; — said to be fictitious name inserted in the models given to soldiers to guide them in filling out account blanks, etc.

TOMNODDY Tom"nod`dy, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + noddy.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.]

2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy.

TOMOPTERIS To*mop"te*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent marine annelids which swim actively at the surface of the sea. They have deeply divided or forked finlike organs (parapodia). This genus is the type of the order, or suborder, Gymnocopa.

TOMORN To*morn", adv. Etym: [Prep. to + morn.]

Defn: To-morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TOMORROW To*mor"row, adv. Etym: [Prep. to + morrow.]

Defn: On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow. Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak.

TOMORROW To*mor"row, n.

Defn: The day after the present; the morrow."To-morrow is our wedding day." Cowper. One today is worth two to-morrows. Franklin.

TOMPION Tom"pi*on, n. Etym: [See Tampios]

1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone. Knight.

3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed.

TOMPON Tom"pon, n. Etym: [F. tampon. See Tampion.]

Defn: An inking pad used in lithographic printing.

TOMRIG Tom"rig`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + rig.)]

Defn: A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis.

TOMTATE Tom"tate, n.

Defn: A Florida and West Indian grunt (Bathystoma, or Hæmulon, rimator); also, any of various allied species.

TOMTIT Tom"tit`, n. Etym: [Tom (see Tomboy) + tit the bird.] (Zoöl.) (a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]

TOM-TOM Tom"-tom`, n.

Defn: See Tam-tam.

TON Ton, obs.

Defn: pl. of Toe. Chaucer.

TON Ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common tunny, or house mackerel.

TON Ton, n. Etym: [F. See Tone.]

Defn: The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton. Byron. If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish. Thackeray. Bon ton. See in the Vocabulary.

TON Ton, n. Etym: [OE. tonne, tunne, a tun, AS. tunne a tun, tub, a large vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf. Tun,Tunnel.] (Com.)

Defn: A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: — (a) The weight of twenty hundredweight.

Note: In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton. (b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage. (c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc.

Note: Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See Tun.

TONALITY To*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tonalité.] (Mus.)

Defn: The principle of key in music; the character which a composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the keynote, or tonic, of the whole. The predominance of the tonic as the link which connects all the tones of a piece, we may, with Fétis, term the principle of tonality. Helmholtz.

TO-NAME To"-name`, n. Etym: [prep. to + name.]

Defn: A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or used instead of it. [Scot.] Jamieson.

TONCA BEAN Ton"ca bean`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Tonka bean.

TONE Tone, n. Etym: [F. ton, L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. Thin, and cf. Monotonous, Thunder, Ton fasion,Tune.]

1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone. [Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones. Milton. Tones that with seraph hymns might blend. Keble.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion. Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryden.

3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a tone.

4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones. (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone. (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a rich tone, a reedy tone. (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones.

Note: The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common — almost universal.

Note: Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones, summation tones, difference tones, Tartini's tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones.

5. (Med.)

Defn: That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor.

Note: In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone.

6. (Physiol.)

Defn: Tonicity; as, arterial tone.

7. State of mind; temper; mood. The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke. Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing. W. C. Bryant.

8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was commendatory.

9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners.

10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; — commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone. Tone color. (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. — Tone syllable, an accented syllable. M. Stuart.

TONE Tone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toned; p. pr. & vb. n. Toning.]

1. To utter with an affected tone.

2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune, v. t.

3. (Photog.)

Defn: To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment. To tone down. (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius. Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly. C. Kingsley. (c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften. The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures. Palfrey. — To tone up, to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.

TONED Toned, a.

Defn: Having (such) a tone; — chiefly used in composition; as, high- toned; sweet-toned. Toned paper, paper having a slight tint, in distinction from paper which is quite white.

TONELESS Tone"less, a.

Defn: Having no tone; unmusical.

TONG; TONGE Tong, Tonge, n.

Defn: Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TONGA Ton"ga, n. (Med.)

Defn: A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum.

TONGKANG Tong"kang, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay Archipelago.

TONGO Ton"go, n.

Defn: The mangrove; — so called in the Pacific Islands.

TONGS Tongs, n. pl. Etym: [OE. tonge, tange, AS. tange; akin to D. tang, G. zanga, OHG. zanga, Don. tang, Sw. tng, Icel. tng, Gr. dadaTang a strong taste, anything projecting.]

Defn: An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; — often called a pair of tongs.

TONGUE Tongue, n. Etym: [OE. tunge, tonge, AS. tunge; akin to OFries. tunge, D. tong, OS. tunga, G. zunge, OHG. zunga, Icel. & Sw. tunga, Dan tunge, Goth. tugdingua, L. lingua. Language, Lingo. ]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch.

Note: The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer.

2. The power of articulate utterance; speech. Parrots imitating human tongue. Dryden.

3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression. Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together. L. Estrange.

4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.] She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor. Beau. & Fl.

5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue. Chaucer. Whose tongue thou shalt not understand. Deut. xxviii. 49. To speak all tongues. Milton.

6. Speech; words or declarations only; — opposed to thoughts or actions. My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth. 1 John iii. 18.

7. A people having a distinct language. A will gather all nations and tongues. Isa. lxvi. 18.

8. (Zoöl.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect.

9. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small sole.

10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form. Specifically: — (a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance.

(b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove. (c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake. (d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked. (e) The clapper of a bell. (f) (Naut.) A sort piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces. (g) (Mus.) Same as Reed, n., 5. To hold the tongue, to be silent. — Tongue bone (Anat.), the hyoid bone. — Tongue grafting. See under Grafting.

Syn. — Language; speech; expression. See Language.

TONGUE Tongue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tongued; p. pr. & vb. n. Tonguing.]

1. To speak; to utter. "Such stuff as madmen tongue." Shak.

2. To chide; to scold. How might she tongue me. Shak .

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.

4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards together.

TONGUE Tongue, v. i.

1. To talk; to prate. Dryden.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.

TONGUEBIRD Tongue"bird`, n.

Defn: The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]

TONGUED Tongued, a.

Defn: Having a tongue. Tongued like the night crow. Donne.

TONGUEFISH Tongue"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flounder (Symphurus plagiusa) native of the southern coast of the United States.

TONGUELESS Tongue"less, a.

1. Having no tongue.

2. Hence, speechless; mute. "What tongueless blocks were they! would they not speak" Shak.

3. Unnamed; not spoken of. [Obs.] One good deed dying tongueless. Shak.

TONGUELET Tongue"let, n.

Defn: A little tongue.

TONGUE-PAD Tongue"-pad`, n.

Defn: A great talker. [Obs.]

TONGUE-SHAPED Tongue"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a tongue; specifically (Bot.), linear or oblong, and fleshy, blunt at the end, and convex beneath; as, a tongue-shaped leaf.

TONGUE-SHELL Tongue"-shell`, n.

Defn: Any species of Lingula.

TONGUESTER Tongue"ster, n.

Defn: One who uses his tongue; a talker; a story-teller; a gossip. [Poetic.] Step by step we rose to greatness; through the tonguesters we may fall. Tennyson.

TONGUE-TIE Tongue"-tie`, n. (Med.)

Defn: Impeded motion of the tongue because of the shortness of the frænum, or of the adhesion of its margins to the gums. Dunglison.

TONGUE-TIE Tongue"-tie`, v. t.

Defn: To deprive of speech or the power of speech, or of distinct articulation.

TONGUE-TIED Tongue"-tied`, a.

1. Destitute of the power of distinct articulation; having an impediment in the speech, esp. when caused by a short frænum.

2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause. Love, therefore, and tongue-tied simplicity. Shak.

TONGUEWORM Tongue"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Linguatulina.

TONGUY Tongu"y, a.

Defn: Ready or voluble in speaking; as, a tonguy speaker. [Written also tonguey.] [Colloq.]

TONIC Ton"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tonigue, Gr. Tone.]

1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."

2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring heatly functions. Tononic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm.

TONIC Ton"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tonigue, NL. tonicum.]

1. (Phon.)

Defn: A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The key tone, or first tone of any scale.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that increases the srength, and gives vigor of action to the system. Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called "tonic." Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol-fa.

TONICAL Ton"ic*al, a.

Defn: Tonic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

TONICITY To*nic"i*ty, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The state of healty tension or partial contraction of muscle fibers while at rest; tone; tonus.

TONIGHT To*night", adv. Etym: [Prep. to+night]

1. On this present or coming night.

2. On the last night past. [Obs.] Shak.

TONIGHT To*night", n.

Defn: The present or the coming night; the night after the present day.

TONITE Ton"ite, n. Etym: [Cf.L. tonare to thunder.]

Defn: An explosive compound; a preparation of gun cotton.

TONKA BEAN Ton"ka bean`. Etym: [Cf. F. onca, tonka.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seed of a leguminous tree (Dipteryx odorata), native of Guiana. It has a peculiarly agreeable smell, and is employed in the scenting of snuff. Called also tiononquin bean. [Written also tonca bean, tonga bean.]

TON MILE Ton mile. (Railroads)

Defn: A unit of measurement of the freight transportation performed by a railroad during a given period, usually a year, the total of which consists of the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the aggregate weight of each shipment in tons during the given period by the number of miles for which it is carried.

TON MILEAGE Ton mileage. (Railroads)

Defn: Ton miles collectively; esp., the total ton miles performed by a railroad in a given period.

TONNAGE Ton"nage (; 48), n. Etym: [From Ton a measure.]

1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or a ship.

2. The cubical content or burden of a vessel, or vessels, in tons; or, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry. See Ton, n. (b). A fleet . . . with an aggregate tonnage of 60,000 seemed sufficient to conquer the world. Motley.

3. A duty or impost on vessels, estimated per ton, or, a duty, toll, or rate payable on goods per ton transported on canals .

4. The whole amount of shipping estimated by tons; as, the tonnage of the United States. See Ton.

Note: There are in common use the following terms relating to tonnage: (a) Displacement. (b) Register tonnage, gross and net. (c) Freight tonnage. (d) Builders' measurement. (e) Yacht measurement. The first is mainly used for war vessels, where the total weight is likely to be nearly constant. The second is the most important, being that used for commercial purposes. The third and fourth are different rules for ascertaining the actual burden-carrying power of a vessel, and the fifth is for the proper classification of pleasure craft. Gross tonnage expresses the total cubical interior of a vessel; net tonnage, the cubical space actually available for freight-carrying purposes. Rules for ascertaining these measurements are established by law.

TONNE Tonne, n.

Defn: A tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TONNEAU Ton`neau", n.; pl. Tonneaux (#). [F.]

1. In France, a light-wheeled vehicle with square or rounded body and rear entrance.

2. (Automobiles) Orig., the after part of the body with entrance at the rear (as in vehicle in def. 1); now, one with sides closing in the seat or seats and entered by a door usually at the side, also, the entire body of an automobile having such an after part.

3. = Tonne.

TONNIHOOD Ton"ni*hood, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the bullfinch; — called also tonyhoop. [Prov. Eng.]

TONNISH Ton"nish, a.

Defn: In the ton; fashionable; modish. — Ton"nish*ness, n.

TONOMETER To*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

1. (Physics.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the rate of vibrations in tones.

2. (Physiol.) (a) An apparatus for studying and registering the action of various fluids and drugs on the excised heart of lower animals. (b) An instrument for measuring tension, esp. that of the eyeball.

TONOMETRY To*nom"e*try, n.

Defn: The act of measuring with a tonometer; specifically (Med.), measurement of tension, esp. the tension of the eyeball.

TONOPHANT Ton"o*phant, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics.)

Defn: A modification of the kaleidophon, for showing composition of acoustic vibrations. It consists of two thin slips of steel welded together, their length being adjystable by a screw socket.

TONOUS Ton"ous, a.

Defn: Abounding in tone or sound.

TONQUIN BEAN Ton"quin bean`

Defn: See Tonka bean.

TONSIL Ton"sil, n. Etym: [L. tonsilltonsille. ] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the two glandular organs situated in the throat at the sides of the fauces. The tonsils are sometimes called the almonds, from their shape.

TONSILAR Ton"sil*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tonsils; tonsilitic. [Written also tonsillar.]

TONSILE Ton"sile, a. Etym: [L. tonsilis, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear, clip. See Tonsure. ]

Defn: Capable of being clipped.

TONSILITIC Ton`sil*it"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Tonsilar. [Written also tonsillitic.]

TONSILITIS Ton`sil*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tonsil, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the tonsil; quinsy. [Written also, and more usually, tonsillitis.]

TONSILOTOME Ton*sil"o*tome, n. Etym: [Tonsil + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for removing the tonsils.

TONSILOTOMY Ton`sil*ot"o*my, n. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of removing the tonsil, or a portion thereof.

TONSOR Ton"sor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A barber. Sir W. Scott.

TONSORIAL Ton*so"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. tonsorius, fr. tonsor a shearer, barber, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear. See Tonsure.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a barber, or shaving.

TONSURE Ton"sure, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. tonsura a shearing, clipping, from tondere, tonsum, to shear, shave; cf. Gr. tome.]

1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head; also, the state of being shorn.

2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair from a circular space at the back of the head, with prayers and benedictions; hence, entrance or admission into minor orders. (b) The shaven corona, or crown, which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank.

TONSURED Ton"sured, a.

Defn: Having the tonsure; shaven; shorn; clipped; hence, bald. A tonsured head in middle age forlorn. Tennyson.

TONTINE Ton*tine", n. Etym: [F., from It. tontina; — so called from its inventor, Tonti, an Italian, of the 17th century.]

Defn: An annuity, with the benefit of survivorship, or a loan raised on life annuities with the benefit of survivorship. Thus, an annuity is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the terms on which the money is advanced. Used also adjectively; as, tontine insurance. Too many of the financiers by professions are apt to see nothing in revenue but banks, and circulations, and annuities on lives, and tontines, and perpetual rents, and all the small wares of the shop. Burke.

TONTINE INSURANCE Ton*tine" in*su"rance. (Life Insurance)

Defn: Insurance in which the benefits of the insurance are distributed upon the tontine principle. Under the old, or full tontine, plan, all benefits were forfeited on lapsed policies, on the policies of those who died within the tontine period only the face of the policy was paid without any share of the surplus, and the survivor at the end of the tontine period received the entire surplus. This plan of tontine insurance has been replaced in the United States by the semitontine plan, in which the surplus is divided among the holders of policies in force at the termination of the tontine period, but the reverse for the paid-up value is paid on lapsed policies, and on the policies of those that have died the face is paid. Other modified forms are called free tontine, deferred dividend, etc., according to the nature of the tontine arrangement.

TONUS To"nus, n. Etym: [L. a sound, tone. See Tone.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus.

TONY To"ny, n.; pl. Tonies. Etym: [Abbrev. from Anthony.]

Defn: A simpleton. L'Estrange. A pattern and companion fit For all the keeping tonies of the pit. Dryden.

TOO Too, adv. Etym: [The same word as to, prep. See To.]

1. Over; more than enough; — noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much. His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn. Cowley.

2. Likewise; also; in addition. An honest courtier, yet a patriot too. Pope. Let those eyes that view The daring crime, behold the vengeance too. Pope. Too too, a duplication used to signify great excess. O that this too too solid flesh would melt. Shak. Such is not Charles his too too active age. Dryden.

Syn. — Also; likewise. See Also.

TOOK Took,

Defn: imp. of Take.

TOOL Tool, n. Etym: [OE. tol,tool. AS. tl; akin to Icel. tl, Goth. taijan to do, to make, taui deed, work, and perhaps to E. taw to dress leather. sq. root64.]

1. An instrument such as a hammer, saw, plane, file, and the like, used in the manual arts, to facilitate mechanical operations; any instrument used by a craftsman or laborer at his work; an implement; as, the tools of a joiner, smith, shoe-maker, etc.; also, a cutter, chisel, or other part of an instrument or machine that dresses work.

2. A machine for cutting or shaping materials; — also called machine tool.

3. Hence, any instrument of use or service. That angry fool . . . Whipping her house, did with his amarting tool Oft whip her dainty self. Spenser.

4. A weapon. [Obs.] Him that is aghast of every tool. Chaucer.

5. A person used as an instrument by another person; — a word of reproach; as, men of intrigue have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes. I was not made for a minion or a tool. Burks.

TOOL Tool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tooled; p. pr. & vb. n. tooling.]

1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. "Elaborately tooled." Ld. Lytton.

2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang,Eng.]

TOOLING Tool"ing, n.

Defn: Work perfomed with a tool. The fine tooling and delicate tracery of the cabinet artist is lost upon a building of colossal proportions. De Quincey.

TOOL-POST; TOOL-STOCK Tool"-post`, Tool"-stock`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The part of a toolrest in which a cutting tool is clamped.

TOOL-REST Tool"-rest`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: the part that supports a tool-post or a tool.

TOOL STEEL Tool steel.

Defn: Hard steel, usually crucible steel, capable of being tempered so as to be suitable for tools.

TOOM Toom, a. Etym: [OE. tom, fr. Icel. tomr; akin to Dan. & Sw. tom, As. tome, adv. Cf. Teem to pour.]

Defn: Empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Wyclif.

TOOM Toom, v. t.

Defn: To empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]

TOON Toon, obs.

Defn: pl. of Toe. Chaucer.

TOON Toon, n. Etym: [Hind. tun, tun, Skr. tunna.] (Bot.)

Defn: The reddish brown wood of an East Indian tree (Cedrela Toona) closely resembling the Spanish cedar; also. the tree itself.

TOONWOOD Toon"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Toon.

TOOT Toot, v. i. Etym: [OE. toten, AS. totian to project; hence, to peep out.] [Written also tout.]

1. To stand out, or be prominent. [Obs.] Howell.

2. To peep; to look narrowly. [Obs.] Latimer. For birds in bushes tooting. Spenser.

TOOT Toot, v. t.

Defn: To see; to spy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

TOOT Toot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tooting.] Etym: [Cf. D. toeten to blow a horn, G. tuten, Sw.tuta, Dan. tude; probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: To blow or sound a horn; to make similar noise by contact of the tongue with the root of the upper teeth at the beginning and end of the sound; also, to give forth such a sound, as a horn when blown. "A tooting horn." Howell. Tooting horns and rattling teams of mail coaches. Thackeray.

TOOT Toot, v. t.

Defn: To cause to sound, as a horn, the note being modified at the beginning and end as if by pronouncing the letter t; to blow; to sound.

TOOTER Toot"er, n.

Defn: One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe or horn. B. Jonson.

TOOTH Tooth, n.; pl. Teeth. Etym: [OE. toth,tooth, AS. ttth, OS. & D. tand, OHG. zang, zan, G. zahn, Icel. tnn, Sw. & Dan. tand, Goth. tumpus, Lith. dantis, W. dant, L. dens, dentis, Gr. danta; probably originally the p. pr. of the verb to eat. *239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion, Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork, Tusk. ]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food.

Note: The hard parts of teeth are principally made up of dentine, or ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel. These are variously combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a crown, or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded in the jaw, and the neck, or intermediate part. In some animals one or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the male narwhal. In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the fangs with a layer of bone called cementum. Of the eight teeth on each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors, then come one canine, cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids, or false molars, and three molars, or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth, usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear above the jaw at all. How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child ! Shak.

2. Fig.: Taste; palate. These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth. Dryden.

3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape, position, or office; as, the teeth, or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth, prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth, or the teeth, of a rake, a saw, a file, a card.

4. (a) A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through. (b) One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk. See Tusk.

5. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: An angular or prominence on any edge; as, a tooth on the scale of a fish, or on a leaf of a plant; specifically (Bot.),

Defn: one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss. See Peristome.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as, the teeth of a mollusk or a starfish. In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort. — In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth." Pope. — To cast in the teeth, to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult one with. — Tooth and nail, as if by biting and scratching; with one's utmost power; by all possible means. L'Estrange. "I shall fight tooth and nail for international copyright." Charles Reade. — Tooth coralline (Zoöl.), any sertularian hydroid. — Tooth edge, the sensation excited in the teeth by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances, as keen acids. — Tooth key, an instrument used to extract teeth by a motion resembling that of turning a key. — Tooth net, a large fishing net anchored. [Scot.] Jamieson. — Tooth ornament. (Arch.) Same as Dogtooth, n., 2.Tooth paste, a paste for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. — Tooth powder, a powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. — Tooth rash. (Med.) See Red-gum, 1. — To show the teeth, to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth, but dares not bite." Young. — To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face. "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." Shak.

TOOTH Tooth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toothed; p. pr. & vb. n. Toothing.]

1. To furnish with teeth. The twin cards toothed with glittering wire. Wordsworth.

2. To indent; to jag; as, to tooth a saw.

3. To lock into each other. See Tooth, n., 4. Moxon.

TOOTHACHE Tooth"ache`, n. (Med.)

Defn: Pain in a tooth or in the teeth; odontalgia. Toothache grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Ctenium Americanum) having a very pungent taste. — Toothache tree. (Bot.) (a) The prickly ash. (b) A shrub of the genus Aralia (A. spinosa).

TOOTHBACK Tooth"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any notodontian.

TOOTHBILL Tooth"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar fruit-eating ground pigeon (Didunculus strigiostris) native of the Samoan Islands, and noted for its resemblance, in several characteristics, to the extinct dodo. Its beak is stout and strongly hooked, and the mandible has two or three strong teeth toward the end. or ts color is chocolate red. Called also toothbilled pigeon, and manu-mea.

TOOTHBRUSH Tooth"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush for cleaning the teeth.

TOOTHDRAWER Tooth"draw`er, n.

Defn: One whose business it is to extract teeth with instruments; a dentist. Shak.

TOOTHED Toothed, a.

1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth. "Ruby-lipped and toothed with pearl." Herrick.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having marginal projecting points; dentate. Toothed whale (Zoöl.), any whale of the order Denticete. See Denticete. — Toothed wheel, a wheel with teeth or projections cut or set on its edge or circumference, for transmitting motion by their action on the engaging teeth of another wheel.

TOOTHFUL Tooth"ful, a.

Defn: Toothsome. [Obs.]

TOOTHING Tooth"ing, n.

1. The act or process of indenting or furnishing with teeth.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: Bricks alternately projecting at the end of a wall, in order that they may be bonded into a continuation of it when the remainder is carried up. Toothing plane, a plane of which the iron is formed into a series of small teeth, for the purpose of roughening surfaces, as of veneers.

TOOTHLESS Tooth"less, a.

Defn: Having no teeth. Cowper.

TOOTHLET Tooth"let, n.

Defn: A little tooth, or like projection.

TOOTHLETED Tooth"let*ed, a.

Defn: Having a toothlet or toothlets; as, a toothleted leaf. [Written also toothletted.]

TOOTHPICK Tooth"pick`, n.

Defn: A pointed instument for clearing the teeth of substances lodged between them.

TOOTHPICKER Tooth"pick`er, n.

Defn: A toothpick. [Obs.] Shak.

TOOTHSHELL Tooth"shell", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Dentalium and allied genera having a tooth- shaped shell. See Dentalium.

TOOTHSOME Tooth"some, a.

Defn: Grateful to the taste; palable. — Tooth"some*ly, adv. — Tooth"some*ness, n. Though less toothsome to me, they were more wholesome for me. Fuller.

TOOTHWORT Tooth"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant whose roots are fancied to resemble teeth, as certain plants of the genus Lathræa, and various species of Dentaria. See Coralwort.

TOOTHY Tooth"y, a.

Defn: Toothed; with teeth. [R] Croxall.

TOOTLE Too"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tootled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tootling.] [Freq. of toot.]

Defn: To toot gently, repeatedly, or continuously, on a wind instrument, as a flute; also, to make a similar noise by any means. "The tootling robin." John Clare.

TOOZOO Too*zoo", n.

Defn: The ringdove. [Prov. Eng.]

TOP Top, n. Etym: [CF. OD. dop, top, OHG., MNG., & dial. G. topf; perhaps akin to G. topf a pot.]

1. A child's toy, commonly in the form of a conoid or pear, made to spin on its point, usually by drawing off a string wound round its surface or stem, the motion being sometimes continued by means of a whip.

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudital grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.

TOP Top, n. Etym: [AS. top; akin to OFries. top a tuft, D. top top, OHG. zopf end, tip, tuft of hair, G. zopf tuft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree, Icel. toppr a tuft of hair, crest, top, Dan. top, Sw. topp pinnacle, top; of uncertain origin. Cf. Tuft.]