S (continued 29)

5. To deprive of all milk; to milk dry; to draw the last milk from; hence, to milk with a peculiar movement of the hand on the teats at the last of a milking; as, to strip a cow.

6. To pass; to get clear of; to outstrip. [Obs.] When first they stripped the Malean promontory. Chapman. Before he reached it he was out of breath, And then the other stripped him. Beau. & Fl.

7. To pull or tear off, as a covering; to remove; to wrest away; as, to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the bark from a tree; to strip the clothes from a man's back; to strip away all disguisses. To strip bad habits from a corrupted heart, is stripping off the skin. Gilpin.

8. (Mach.) (a) To tear off (the thread) from a bolt or nut; as, the thread is stripped. (b) To tear off the thread from (a bolt or nut); as, the bolt is stripped.

9. To remove the metal coating from (a plated article), as by acids or electrolytic action.

10. (Carding)

Defn: To remove fiber, flock, or lint from; — said of the teeth of a card when it becomes partly clogged.

11. To pick the cured leaves from the stalks of (tobacco) and tie them into "hands"; to remove the midrib from (tobacco leaves).

STRIP Strip, v. i.

1. To take off, or become divested of, clothes or covering; to undress.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: To fail in the thread; to lose the thread, as a bolt, screw, or nut. See Strip, v. t., 8.

STRIP Strip, n.

1. A narrow piece, or one comparatively long; as, a strip of cloth; a strip of land.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A trough for washing ore.

3. (Gunnery)

Defn: The issuing of a projectile from a rifled gun without acquiring the spiral motion. Farrow.

STRIPE Stripe, n. Etym: [OD. strijpe a stripe, streak; akin to LG. stripe, D. streep, Dan. stribe, G. strief, striefen, MHG. striefen to glide, march.]

1. A line, or long, narrow division of anything of a different color or structure from the ground; hence, any linear variation of color or structure; as, a stripe, or streak, of red on a green ground; a raised stripe.

2. (Weaving)

Defn: A pattern produced by arranging the warp threads in sets of alternating colors, or in sets presenting some other contrast of appearance.

3. A strip, or long, narrow piece attached to something of a different color; as, a red or blue stripe sewed upon a garment.

4. A stroke or blow made with a whip, rod, scourge, or the like, such as usually leaves a mark. Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed. Deut. xxv. 3.

5. A long, narrow discoloration of the skin made by the blow of a lash, rod, or the like. Cruelty marked him with inglorious stripes. Thomson.

6. Color indicating a party or faction; hence, distinguishing characteristic; sign; likeness; sort; as, persons of the same political stripe. [Colloq. U.S.]

7. pl. (Mil.)

Defn: The chevron on the coat of a noncommissioned officer. Stars and Stripes. See under Star, n.

STRIPE Stripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Striped; p. pr. & vb. n. Striping.]

1. To make stripes upon; to form with lines of different colors or textures; to variegate with stripes.

2. To strike; to lash. [R.]

STRIPED Striped, a.

Defn: Having stripes of different colors; streaked. Striped bass. (Zoöl.) See under Bass. — Striped maple (Bot.), a slender American tree (Acer Pennsylvanicum) with finely striped bark. Called also striped dogwood, and moosewood. — Striped mullet. (Zoöl.) See under Mullet, 2. — Striped snake (Zoöl.), the garter snake. — Striped squirrel (Zoöl.), the chipmunk.

STRIP-LEAF Strip"-leaf`, n.

Defn: Tobacco which has been stripped of its stalks before packing.

STRIPLING Strip"ling, n. Etym: [Dim. of strip; as if a small strip from the main stock or steam.]

Defn: A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad. Inquire thou whose son the stripling is. 1 Sam. xvii. 56.

STRIPPER Strip"per, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, strips; specifically, a machine for stripping cards.

STRIPPET Strip"pet, n. Etym: [Dim. of strip.]

Defn: A small stream. [Obs.] "A little brook or strippet." Holinshed.

STRIPPING Strip"ping, n.

1. The act of one who strips. The mutual bows and courtesies . . . are remants of the original prostrations and strippings of the captive. H. Spencer. Never were cows that required such stripping. Mrs. Gaskell.

2. pl.

Defn: The last milk drawn from a cow at a milking.

STRISORES Stri*so"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. stridere to creak, whiz, buzz.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of passerine birds including the humming birds, swifts, and goatsuckers. It is now generally considered an artificial group.

STRIVE Strive, v. i. [imp. Strove; p. p. Striven (Rarely, Strove); p. pr. & vb. n. Striving.] Etym: [OF. estriver; of Teutonic origin, and akin to G. streben, D. streven, Dan. stræbe, Sw. sträfva. Cf. Strife.]

1. To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with earnestness; to labor hard. Was for this his ambition strove To equal Cæsar first, and after, Jove Cowley.

2. To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to contend; to contest; — followed by against or with before the person or thing opposed; as, strive against temptation; strive for the truth. Chaucer. My Spirit shall not always strive with man. Gen. vi. 3. Why dost thou strive against him Job xxxiii. 13. Now private pity strove with public hate, Reason with rage, and eloquence with fate. Denham.

3. To vie; to compete; to be a rival. Chaucer. [Not] that sweet grove Of Daphne, by Orontes and the inspired Castalian spring, might with this paradise Of Eden strive. Milton.

Syn. — To contend; vie; struggle; endeavor; aim.

STRIVE Strive, n.

1. An effort; a striving. [R.] Chapman.

2. Strife; contention. [Obs.] Wyclif (luke xxi. 9).

STRIVED Strived, obs. p. p. of Strive.

Defn: Striven. Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel. Rom. xv. 20.

STRIVEN Striv"en,

Defn: p. p. of Strive.

STRIVER Striv"er, n.

Defn: One who strives.

STRIVING Striv"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Strive. — Striv"ing*ly, adv.

STRIX Strix, n. Etym: [L. strix, strigis.] (Arch.)

Defn: One of the flutings of a column.

STROAM Stroam, v. i. Etym: [Prov. E. strome to walk with long strides.]

1. To wander about idly and vacantly. [Obs.]

2. To take long strides in walking. [Prov. Eng.]

STROBILA Stro*bi"la, n.; pl. Strobilæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) A form of the larva of certain Discophora in a state of development succeeding the scyphistoma. The body of the strobila becomes elongated, and subdivides transversely into a series of lobate segments which eventually become ephyræ, or young medusæ. (b) A mature tapeworm.

STROBILACEOUS Strob`i*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Strobila.] (Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to a strobile or cone. (b) Producing strobiles.

STROBILATION Strob`i*la"tion, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The act or phenomenon of spontaneously dividing transversely, as do certain species of annelids and helminths; transverse fission. See Illust. under Syllidian.

STROBILE Strob"ile, n. Etym: [L. strobilus a pine cone, Gr. strobole.] [Written also strobil.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A scaly multiple fruit resulting from the ripening of an ament in certain plants, as the hop or pine; a cone. See Cone, n., 3.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An individual asexually producing sexual individuals differing from itself also in other respects, as the tapeworm, — one of the forms that occur in metagenesis.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Strobila.

STROBILIFORM Stro*bil"i*form, a.

Defn: Shaped like a strobile.

STROBILINE Strob"i*line, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a strobile; strobilaceous; strobiliform; as, strobiline fruits.

STROBOSCOPE Strob"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

1. An instrument for studying or observing the successive phases of a periodic or varying motion by means of light which is periodically interrupted.

2. An optical toy similar to the phenakistoscope. See Phenakistoscope.

STROCKLE Stroc"kle, n. (Glass Manuf.)

Defn: A shovel with a turned-up edge, for frit, sand, etc. [Written also strocal, strocle, strokal.]

STRODE Strode, n.

Defn: See Strude. [Obs.]

STRODE Strode,

Defn: imp. of Stride.

STROKE Stroke, obs. imp. of Strike.

Defn: Struck.

STROKE Stroke, n. Etym: [OE. strok, strook, strak, fr. striken. See Strike, v. t.]

1. The act of striking; a blow; a hit; a knock; esp., a violent or hostile attack made with the arm or hand, or with an instrument or weapon. His hand fetcheth a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree. Deut. xix. 5. A fool's lips enter into contention and his mouth calleth for strokes. Prov. xviii. 6. He entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples without striking a stroke. Bacon.

2. The result of effect of a striking; injury or affliction; soreness. In the day that Lord bindeth up the breach of his people, and healeth the stroke of their wound. Isa. xxx. 26.

3. The striking of the clock to tell the hour. Well, but what's o'clock - Upon the stroke of ten. — Well, let is strike. Shak.

4. A gentle, caressing touch or movement upon something; a stroking. Dryden.

5. A mark or dash in writing or printing; a line; the touch of a pen or pencil; as, an up stroke; a firm stroke. O, lasting as those colors may they shine, Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line. Pope.

6. Hence, by extension, an addition or amandment to a written composition; a touch; as, to give some finishing strokes to an essay. Addison.

7. A sudden attack of disease; especially, a fatal attack; a severe disaster; any affliction or calamity, especially a sudden one; as, a stroke of apoplexy; the stroke of death. At this one stroke the man looked dead in law. Harte.

8. A throb or beat, as of the heart. Tennyson.

9. One of a series of beats or movements against a resisting medium, by means of which movement through or upon it is accomplished; as, the stroke of a bird's wing in flying, or an oar in rowing, of a skater, swimmer, etc.; also: (Rowing) (a) The rate of succession of stroke; as, a quick stroke. (b) The oar nearest the stern of a boat, by which the other oars are guided; — called also stroke oar. (c) The rower who pulls the stroke oar; the strokesman.

10. A powerful or sudden effort by which something is done, produced, or accomplished; also, something done or accomplished by such an effort; as, a stroke of genius; a stroke of business; a master stroke of policy.

11. (Mach.)

Defn: The movement, in either direction, of the piston plunger, piston rod, crosshead, etc., as of a steam engine or a pump, in which these parts have a reciprocating motion; as, the forward stroke of a piston; also, the entire distance passed through, as by a piston, in such a movement; as, the piston is at half stroke.

Note: The respective strokes are distinguished as up and down strokes, outward and inward strokes, forward and back strokes, the forward stroke in stationary steam engines being toward the crosshead, but in locomotives toward the front of the vehicle.

12. Power; influence. [Obs.] "Where money beareth [hath] all the stroke." Robynson (More's Utopia). He has a great stroke with the reader. Dryden.

13. Appetite. [Obs.] Swift. To keep stroke, to make strokes in unison. The oars where silver, Which to the tune of flutes kept stroke. Shak.

STROKE Stroke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strokeed; p. pr. & vb. n. Strokeing.] Etym: [OE. stroken, straken, AS. stracian, fr. strican to go over, pass. See Strike, v. t., and cf. Straggle.]

1. To strike. [Obs.] Ye mote with the plat sword again Stroken him in the wound, and it will close. Chaucer.

2. To rib gently in one direction; especially, to pass the hand gently over by way of expressing kindness or tenderness; to caress; to soothe. He dried the falling drops, and, yet more kind, He stroked her cheeks. Dryden.

3. To make smooth by rubbing. Longfellow.

4. (Masonry)

Defn: To give a finely fluted surface to.

5. To row the stroke oar of; as, to stroke a boat.

STROKER Strok"er, n.

Defn: One who strokes; also, one who pretends to cure by stroking. Cures worked by Greatrix the stroker. Bp. Warburton.

STROKESMAN Strokes"man, n.; pl. Strokesman (. (Rowing)

Defn: The man who rows the aftermost oar, and whose stroke is to be followed by the rest. Totten.

STROKING Strok"ing, n.

1. The act of rubbing gently with the hand, or of smoothing; a stroke. I doubt not with one gentle stroking to wipe away ten thousand tears. Milton.

2. (Needlework)

Defn: The act of laying small gathers in cloth in regular order.

3. pl.

Defn: See Stripping, 2. Smollett.

STROLL Stroll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Strolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Strolling.] Etym: [Cf. Dan. stryge to stroll, Sw. stryka to stroke, to ramble, dial. Sw. strykel one who strolls about, Icel. strj to stroke, D. struikelen to stumble, G. straucheln. Cf. Struggle.]

Defn: To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove. These mothers stroll to beg sustenance for their helpless infants. Swift.

Syn. — To rove; roam; range; stray.

STROLL Stroll, n.

Defn: A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.

STROLLER Stroll"er, n.

Defn: One who strolls; a vagrant.

STROMA Stro"ma, n.; pl. Stromata. Etym: [L., a bed covering, Gr.

1. (Anat.) (a) The connective tissue or supporting framework of an organ; as, the stroma of the kidney. (b) The spongy, colorless framework of a red blood corpuscle or other cell.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A layer or mass of cellular tissue, especially that part of the thallus of certain fungi which incloses the perithecia.

STROMATIC Stro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. miscellaneous writings, fr.

Defn: Miscellaneous; composed of different kinds.

STROMATOLOGY Stro`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.)

Defn: The history of the formation of stratified rocks.

STROMB Stromb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine univalve mollusk of the genus Strombus and allied genera. See Conch, and Strombus.

STROMBITE Strom"bite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil shell of the genus Strombus.

STROMBOID Strom"boid, a. Etym: [Strombus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, Strombus.

STROMBULIFORM Strom*bu"li*form, a. Etym: [NL. strombulus, dim. of strombus + -form. See Strombus.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed or shaped like a top.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Coiled into the shape of a screw or a helix.

STROMBUS Strom"bus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods in which the shell has the outer lip dilated into a broad wing. It includes many large and handsome species commonly called conch shells, or conchs. See Conch.

STROMEYERITE Stro"mey`er*ite, n. Etym: [So named from the German chemist Friedrich Stromeyer.] (Min.)

Defn: A steel-gray mineral of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of silver and copper.

STROND Strond, n.

Defn: Strand; beach. [Obs.] Shak.

STRONG Strong, a. [Compar. Stronger; superl. Strongest.] Etym: [AS. strang, strong; akin to D. & G. streng strict, rigorous, OHG. strengi strong, brave, harsh, Icel. strangr strong, severe, Dan. streng, Sw. sträng strict, severe. Cf. Strength, Stretch, String.]

1. Having active physical power, or great physical power to act; having a power of exerting great bodily force; vigorous. That our oxen may be strong to labor. Ps. cxliv. 14. Orses the strong to greater strength must yield. Dryden.

2. Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.

3. Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as, a strong beam; a strong rock; a strong fortress or town.

4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.

5. Having great wealth, means, or resources; as, a strong house, or company of merchants.

6. Reaching a certain degree or limit in respect to strength or numbers; as, an army ten thousand strong.

7. Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.

8. Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.

9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory. Her mother, ever strong against that match. Shak.

10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.

11. Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol; intoxicating; as, strong liquors.

12. Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.

13. Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat. Heb. v. 12.

14. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.

15. Violent; vehement; earnest; ardent. He had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears. Heb. v. 7.

16. Having great force, vigor, power, or the like, as the mind, intellect, or any faculty; as, a man of a strong mind, memory, judgment, or imagination. I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism. Dryden.

17. Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful. Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song, As high, as sweet, as easy, and as strong. E. Smith.

18. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a strong market.

19. (Gram.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) by a variation in the root vowel, and the past participle (usually) by the addition of -en (with or without a change of the root vowel); as in the verbs strive, strove, striven; break, broke, broken; drink, drank, drunk. Opposed to weak, or regular. See Weak. (b) Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong; the stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are irregular. F. A. March. Strong conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of a strong verb; — called also old, or irregular, conjugation, and distinguished from the weak, or regular, conjugation.

Note: Strong is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, strong-backed, strong-based, strong-bodied, strong- colored, strong-fisted, strong-handed, strong-ribbed, strong- smelling, strong-voiced, etc.

Syn. — Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy; muscular; forcible; cogent; valid. See Robust.

STRONGHAND Strong"hand`, n.

Defn: Violence; force; power. It was their meaning to take what they needed by stronghand. Sir W. Raleigh.

STRONGHOLD Strong"hold`, n.

Defn: A fastness; a fort or fortress; fortfield place; a place of security.

STRONGISH Strong"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat strong.

STRONGLY Strong"ly, adv.

Defn: In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly; powerfully; firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly fortified; he objected strongly.

STRONG-MINDED Strong"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a vigorous mind; esp., having or affecting masculine qualities of mind; — said of women. — Strong"-mind`ed*ness, n.

STRONG-WATER Strong"-wa`ter, n.

1. An acid. [Obs.]

2. Distilled or ardent spirits; intoxicating liquor.

STRONGYLID Stron"gy*lid, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Strongyloid.

STRONGYLOID Stron"gy*loid, a. Etym: [NL. Strongylus the genus (from Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, Strongylus, a genus of parasitic nematode worms of which many species infest domestic animals. Some of the species, especially those living in the kidneys, lungs, and bronchial tubes, are often very injurious. — n.

Defn: A strongyloid worm.

STRONTIA Stron"ti*a, n. Etym: [NL. strontia, fr. Strontian, in Argyleshire, Scotland, where strontianite was first found.] (Chem.)

Defn: An earth of a white color resembling lime in appearance, and baryta in many of its properties. It is an oxide of the metal strontium.

STRONTIAN Stron"ti*an, n. (Min.)

Defn: Strontia.

STRONTIANITE Stron"ti*an*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Strontium carbonate, a mineral of a white, greenish, or yellowish color, usually occurring in fibrous massive forms, but sometimes in prismatic crystals.

STRONTIC Stron"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to strontium; containing, or designating the compounds of, strontium.

STRONTITIC Stron*tit"ic, a.

Defn: Strontic.

STRONTIUM Stron"ti*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Strontia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element of the calcium group, always naturally occurring combined, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat malleable but harder than calcium. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr. Atomic weight 87.3. A radioactive isotope of strontium produced by certain nuclear reactions, and constituting one of the prominent harmful components of radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions; also called radiostrontium. It has a half-life of 28 years.

STROOK Strook, obs.

Defn: imp. of Strike. Dryden.

STROOK Strook, n.

Defn: A stroke. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STROOT Stroot, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Strut, v. i.]

Defn: To swell out; to strut. [Obs.] Chapman.

STROP Strop, n. Etym: [See Strap.]

Defn: A strap; specifically, same as Strap, 3.

STROP Strop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stropped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stropping.]

Defn: To draw over, or rub upon, a strop with a view to sharpen; as, to strop a razor.

STROP Strop, n. Etym: [Cf. F. estrope, étrope, fr. L. struppus. See Strop a strap.] (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a block for hanging it.

STROPHANTHUS Stro*phan"thus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical apocynaceous shrubs having singularly twisted flowers. One species (Strophanthus hispidus) is used medicinally as a cardiac sedative and stimulant.

STROPHE Stro"phe, n.; pl. Strophes. Etym: [NL., from Gr. strap.]

Defn: In Greek choruses and dances, the movement of the chorus while turning from the right to the left of the orchestra; hence, the strain, or part of the choral ode, sung during this movement. Also sometimes used of a stanza of modern verse. See the Note under Antistrophe.

STROPHIC Stroph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, strophes.

STROPHIOLATE; STROPHIOLATED Stro"phi*o*late, Stro"phi*o*la`ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a strophiole, or caruncle, or that which resembles it. Gray.

STROPHIOLE Stro"phi*ole, n. Etym: [L. strophiolum a little chaplet, dim. of strophium a band, Gr. strophiole.] (Bot.)

Defn: A crestlike excrescence about the hilum of certain seeds; a caruncle.

STROPHULUS Stroph"u*lus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: See Red-gum, 1.

STROUD Stroud, n.

Defn: A kind of coarse blanket or garment used by the North American Indians.

STROUDING Stroud"ing, n.

Defn: Material for strouds; a kind of coarse cloth used in trade with the North American Indians.

STROUT Strout, v. i. Etym: [See Strut.]

Defn: To swell; to puff out; to project. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STROUT Strout, v. t.

Defn: To cause to project or swell out; to enlarge affectedly; to strut. [Obs.] Bacon.

STROVE Strove,

Defn: imp. of Strive.

STROW Strow, v. t. [imp. Strowed; p. p. Strown or Strowed.]

Defn: Same as Strew. Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa. Milton. A manner turbid . . . and strown with blemished. M. Arnold.

STROWL Strowl, v. i.

Defn: To stroll. [Obs.]

STROWN Strown,

Defn: p. p. of Strow.

STROY Stroy, v. i.

Defn: To destroy. [Obs.] Tusser.

STRUCK Struck,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Strike. Struck jury (Law), a special jury, composed of persons having special knowledge or qualifications, selected by striking from the panel of jurors a certain number for each party, leaving the number required by law to try the cause.

STRUCKEN Struck"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Strike. Shak.

STRUCTURAL Struc"tur*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a structural error.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a structural element or cell; the structural peculiarities of an animal or a plant. Structural formula. (Chem.) See Rational formula, under Formula. empirical formula.

STRUCTURAL SHAPE Struc"tur*al shape. (Engin. & Arch.)

Defn: The shape of a member especially adapted to structural purposes, esp. in giving the greatest strength with the least material. Hence, Colloq.,

Defn: any steel or iron member of such shape, as channel irons, I beams, T beams, etc., or, sometimes, a column, girder, etc., built up with such members.

STRUCTURAL STEEL Structural steel. (a) Rolled steel in structural shapes. (b) A kind of strong mild steel, suitable for structural shapes.

STRUCTURE Struc"ture, n. Etym: [L. structura, from struere, structum, to arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin to E. strew: cf. F. structure. Cf. Construe, Destroy, Instrument, Obstruct.]

1. The act of building; the practice of erecting buildings; construction. [R.] His son builds on, and never is content Till the last farthing is in structure spent. J. Dryden, Jr.

2. Manner of building; form; make; construction. Want of insight into the structure and constitution of the terraqueous globe. Woodward.

3. Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of constituent particles, in a substance or body; as, the structure of a rock or a mineral; the structure of a sentence. It [basalt] has often a prismatic structure. Dana.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: Manner of organization; the arrangement of the different tissues or parts of animal and vegetable organisms; as, organic structure, or the structure of animals and plants; cellular structure.

5. That which is built; a building; esp., a building of some size or magnificence; an edifice. There stands a structure of majestic frame. Pope. Columnar structure. See under Columnar.

STRUCTURED Struc"tured, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation of parts. The passage from a structureless state to a structured state is itself a vital process. H. Spencer.

STRUCTURELESS Struc"ture*less, a.

Defn: Without a definite structure, or arrangement of parts; without organization; devoid of cells; homogeneous; as, a structureless membrane.

STRUCTURIST Struc"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who forms structures; a builder; a constructor. [R.]

STRUDE Strude, n.

Defn: A stock of breeding mares. [Written also strode.] [Obs.] Bailey.

STRUGGLE Strug"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Struggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Struggling.] Etym: [OE. strogelen; cf. Icel. strj to stroke, to beat, to flog, Sw. stryka to stroke, to strike, Dan. stryge, G. straucheln to stumble. Cf. Stroll.]

1. To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with contortions of the body.

2. To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive; to contend forcibly; as, to struggle to save one's life; to struggle with the waves; to struggle with adversity. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it [Gettysburg] far above our power to add or detract. Lincoln.

3. To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to labor in any kind of difficulty or distress. 'T is wisdom to beware, And better shun the bait than struggle in the snare. Dryden.

Syn. — To strive; contend; labor; endeavor.

STRUGGLE Strug"gle, n.

1. A violent effort or efforts with contortions of the body; agony; distress.

2. Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an object, or to avert an evil. Macaulay.

3. Contest; contention; strife. An honest might look upon the struggle with indifference. Addison.

Syn. — Endeavor; effort; contest; labor; difficulty.

STRUGGLER Strug"gler, n.

Defn: One who struggles.

STRULL Strull, n.

Defn: A bar so placed as to resist weight.

STRUM Strum, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Strummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Strumming.] Etym: [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Thrum.]

Defn: To play on an instrument of music, or as on an instrument, in an unskillful or noisy way; to thrum; as, to strum a piano.

STRUMA Stru"ma, n. Etym: [L., a scrofulous tumor.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Scrofula.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A cushionlike swelling on any organ; especially, that at the base of the capsule in many mosses.

STRUMATIC Stru*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Scrofulous; strumous.

STRUMOSE Stru*mose", a. Etym: [L. strumosus: cf. F. strumeux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Strumous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a struma.

STRUMOUS Stru"mous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Scrofulous; having struma.

STRUMOUSNESS Stru"mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being strumous.

STRUMPET Strum"pet, n. Etym: [OE. strumpet, strompet; cf. OF. stupe debauchery, F. stupe, L. stuprare, stupratum, to debauch, stuprum debauchery, Gael. & Ir. striopach a prostitute.]

Defn: A prostitute; a harlot. Shak.

STRUMPET Strum"pet, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a strumpet; characteristic of a strumpet. Out on thy more than strumpet impudence. B. Jonson.

STRUMPET Strum"pet, v. t.

1. To debauch. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To dishonor with the reputation of being a strumpet; hence, to belie; to slander. With his untrue reports, strumpet your fame. Massinger.

STRUMSTRUM Strum"strum, n.

Defn: A rude musical instrument somewhat like a cittern. [R.] Dampier.

STRUNG Strung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of String.

STRUNT Strunt, n.

Defn: Spirituous liquor. [Scot.] Burns.

STRUNTIAN Strun"tian, n.

Defn: A kind of worsted braid, about an inch broad. [Scot.] Jamieson.

STRUSE Struse, n. Etym: [Russ. strug'.] (Naut.)

Defn: A Russian river craft used for transporting freight.

STRUT Strut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Strutting.] Etym: [OE. struten, strouten, to swell; akin to G. strozen to be swelled, to be puffed up, to strut, Dan. strutte.]

1. To swell; to bulge out. [R.] The bellying canvas strutted with the gale. Dryden.

2. To walk with a lofty, proud gait, and erect head; to walk with affected dignity. Does he not hold up his head, . . . and strut in his gait Shak.

STRUT Strut, n. Etym: [For senses 2 & 3 cf. LG. strutt rigid.]

1. The act of strutting; a pompous step or walk.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: In general, any piece of a frame which resists thrust or pressure in the direction of its own length. See Brace, and Illust. of Frame, and Roof.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: Any part of a machine or structure, of which the principal function is to hold things apart; a brace subjected to compressive stress; — the opposite of stay, and tie.

STRUT Strut, v. t.

Defn: To hold apart. Cf. Strut, n., 3.

STRUT Strut, a.

Defn: Protuberant. [Obs.] Holland.

STRUTHIAN Stru"thi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Struthious.

STRUTHIO Stru"thi*o, n.; pl. Struthiones. Etym: [L., an ostrich, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the African ostriches.

STRUTHIOIDEA Stru`thi*oi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Struthio, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Struthiones.

STRUTHIONES Stru`thi*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Struthio.] (Zoöl.) (a) A division, or order, of birds, including only the African ostriches. (b) In a wider sense, an extensive group of birds including the ostriches, cassowaries, emus, moas, and allied birds incapable of flight. In this sense it is equivalent to Ratitæ, or Dromæognathæ.

STRUTHIONINE Stru`thi*o"nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Struthious.

STRUTHIOUS Stru"thi*ous, a. Etym: [L. struthius, strutheus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Struthiones, or Ostrich tribe.

STRUTTER Strut"ter, n.

Defn: One who struts.

STRUTTING Strut"ting, a. & n.

Defn: from Strut, v. — Strut"ting*ly, adv.

STRUVITE Struv"ite, n. Etym: [After the Russian minister Von Struve.] (Min.)

Defn: A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous phosphate of magnesia and ammonia.

STRYCHNIA Strych"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Strychnine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Strychnine.

STRYCHNIC Strych"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to strychnine; produced by strychnine; as, strychnic compounds; strychnic poisoning; specifically (Chem.),

Defn: used to designate an acid, called also igasuric acid.

STRYCHNINE Strych"nine, n. Etym: [L. strychnos a kind of nightshade, Gr. strychnine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A very poisonous alkaloid resembling brucine, obtained from various species of plants, especially from species of Loganiaceæ, as from the seeds of the St. Ignatius bean (Strychnos Ignatia) and from nux vomica. It is obtained as a white crystalline substance, having a very bitter acrid taste, and is employed in medicine (chiefly in the form of the sulphate) as a powerful neurotic stimulant. Called also strychnia, and formerly strychnina.

STRYCHNOS Strych"nos, n. Etym: [L., a kind of nightshade, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Loganiaceæ. See Nux vomica.

STRYPHNIC Stryph"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, obtained by the action of acetic acid and potassium nitrite on uric acid, as a yellow crystalline substance, with a bitter, astringent taste.

STUB Stub, n. Etym: [OE. stubbe, AS. stub, styb; akin to D. stobbe, LG. stubbe, Dan. stub, Sw. stubbe, Icel. stubbr, stubbi; cf. Gr.

1. The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; — applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub. Stubs sharp and hideous to behold. Chaucer. And prickly stubs instead of trees are found. Dryden.

2. A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.] Milton.

3. The short blunt part of anything after larger part has been broken off or used up; hence, anything short and thick; as, the stub of a pencil, candle, or cigar.

4. A part of a leaf in a check book, after a check is torn out, on which the number, amount, and destination of the check are usually recorded.

5. A pen with a short, blunt nib.

6. A stub nail; an old horseshoe nail; also, stub iron. Stub end (Mach.), the enlarged end of a connecting rod, to which the strap is fastened. — Stub iron, iron made from stub nails, or old horseshoe nails, — used in making gun barrels. — Stub mortise (Carp.), a mortise passing only partly through the timber in which it is formed. — Stub nail, an old horseshoe nail; a nail broken off; also, a short, thick nail. — Stub short, or Stub shot (Lumber Manuf.), the part of the end of a sawn log or plank which is beyond the place where the saw kerf ends, and which retains the plank in connection with the log, until it is split off. — Stub twist, material for a gun barrel, made of a spirally welded ribbon of steel and stub iron combined.

STUB Stub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stubbing.]

1. To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up edible roots. What stubbing, plowing, digging, and harrowing is to a piece of land. Berkley.

2. To remove stubs from; as, to stub land.

3. To strike as the toes, against a stub, stone, or other fixed object. [U. S.]

STUBBED Stub"bed, a.

1. Reduced to a stub; short and thick, like something truncated; blunt; obtuse.

2. Abounding in stubs; stubby. A bit of stubbed ground, once a wood. R. Browning.

3. Not nice or delicate; hardy; rugged. "Stubbed, vulgar constitutions." Berkley.

STUBBEDNESS Stub"bed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stubbed.

STUBBINESS Stub"bi*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being stubby.

STUBBLE Stub"ble, n. Etym: [OE. stobil, stoble, OF. estouble, estuble, F. étuele, LL. stupla, stupula, L. stipula stubble, stalk; cf. D. & G. stopped, OHG. stupfila. Cf. Stipule.]

Defn: The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or buckwheat, left in the ground; the part of the stalk left by the scythe or sickle. "After the first crop is off, they plow in the wheast stubble." Mortimer. Stubble goose (Zoöl.), the graylag goose. [Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. — Stubble rake, a rake with long teeth for gleaning in stubble.

STUBBLED Stub"bled, a.

1. Covered with stubble. A crow was strutting o'er the stubbled plain. Gay.

2. Stubbed; as, stubbled legs. [Obs.] Skelton.

STUBBLY Stub"bly, a.

Defn: Covered with stubble; stubbled.

STUBBORN Stub"born, a. Etym: [OE. stoburn, stiborn; probably fr. AS. styb a stub. See Stub.]

Defn: Firm as a stub or stump; stiff; unbending; unyielding; persistent; hence, unreasonably obstinate in will or opinion; not yielding to reason or persuasion; refractory; harsh; — said of persons and things; as, stubborn wills; stubborn ore; a stubborn oak; as stubborn as a mule. "Bow, stubborn knees." Shak. "Stubborn attention and more than common application." Locke. "Stubborn Stoics." Swift. And I was young and full of ragerie [wantonness] Stubborn and strong, and jolly as a pie. Chaucer. These heretics be so stiff and stubborn. Sir T. More. Your stubborn usage of the pope. Shak.

Syn. — Obstinate; inflexible; obdurate; headstrong; stiff; hardy; firm; refractory; intractable; rugged; contumacious; heady. — Stubborn, Obstinate. Obstinate is used of either active or passive persistence in one's views or conduct, in spite of the wishes of others. Stubborn describes an extreme degree of passive obstinacy. — Stub"born*ly, adv. — Stub"born*ness, n.

STUBBY Stub"by, a.

1. Abounding with stubs.

2. Short and thick; short and strong, as bristles.

STUCCO Stuc"co, n.; pl. Stuccoes, Stuccos. Etym: [It., fr. OHG. stucchi a crust, piece, G. stück piece; akin to AS. stycce. See Stock.]

1. Plaster of any kind used as a coating for walls, especially, a fine plaster, composed of lime or gypsum with sand and pounded marble, used for internal decorations and fine work.

2. Work made of stucco; stuccowork.

STUCCO Stuc"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuccoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuccoing.]

Defn: To overlay or decorate with stucco, or fine plaster.

STUCCOER Stuc"co*er, n.

Defn: One who stuccoes.

STUCCOWORK Stuc"co*work`, n.

Defn: Work done in stucco.

STUCK Stuck,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stick.

STUCK Stuck, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Stoccado.]

Defn: A thrust. [Obs.] Shak.

STUCKLE Stuc"kle, n. Etym: [From Stook.]

Defn: A number of sheaves set together in the field; a stook.

STUCK-UP Stuck"-up`, a.

Defn: Self-important and supercilious, [Colloq.] The airs of small, stuck-up, men. A. K. H. Boyd.

STUD Stud, n. Etym: [OE. stod, stood, AS. stod; akin to OHG. stuota, G. stute a mare, Icel. sto stud, Lith. stodas a herd, Russ. stado, and to E. stand. The sense is properly, a stand, an establishment. *163. See Stand, and cf. Steed.]

Defn: A collection of breeding horses and mares, or the place where they are kept; also, a number of horses kept for a racing, riding, etc. In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, we see horses bred of excellent shape, vigor, and size. Sir W. Temple. He had the finest stud in England, and his delight was to win plates from Tories. Macaulay.

STUD Stud, n. Etym: [AS. studu a post; akin to Sw. stöd a prop, Icel. sto a post, sty to prop, and probably ultimately to E. stand; cf. D. stut a prop, G. stütze. See Stand.]

1. A stem; a trunk. [Obs.] Seest not this same hawthorn stud Spenser.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An upright scanting, esp. one of the small uprights in the framing for lath and plaster partitions, and furring, and upon which the laths are nailed.

3. A kind of nail with a large head, used chiefly for ornament; an ornamental knob; a boss. A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and amber studs. Marlowe. Crystal and myrrhine cups, embossed with gems And studs of pearl. Milton.

4. An ornamental button of various forms, worn in a shirt front, collar, wristband, or the like, not sewed in place, but inserted through a buttonhole or eyelet, and transferable.

5. (Mach.) (a) A short rod or pin, fixed in and projecting from something, and sometimes forming a journal. (b) A stud bolt.

6. An iron brace across the shorter diameter of the link of a chain cable. Stud bolt, a bolt with threads on both ends, to be screwed permanently into a fixed part at one end and receive a nut upon the other; — called also standing bolt.

STUD Stud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Studded; p. pr. & vb. n. Studding.]

1. To adorn with shining studs, or knobs. Thy horses shall be trapped, Their harness studded all with gold and pearl. Shak.

2. To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects; to set thickly, as with studs. The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the extensive plains that stretch before our view, are studded with substantial, neat, and commodious dwellings of freemen. Bp. Hobart.

STUDBOOK Stud"book`, n.

Defn: A genealogical register of a particular breed or stud of horses, esp. thoroughbreds.

STUDDERY Stud"der*y, n.

Defn: A stud, or collection of breeding horses and mares; also, a place for keeping a stud. [Obs.] King Henry the Eighth erected a noble studdery. Holinshed.

STUDDING Stud"ding, n.

Defn: Material for studs, or joists; studs, or joists, collectively; studs.

STUDDING SAIL Stud"ding sail`. (Naut.)

Defn: A light sail set at the side of a principal or square sail of a vessel in free winds, to increase her speed. Its head is bent to a small spar which is called the studding-sail boom. See Illust. of Sail. Toten.

STUDENT Stu"dent, n. Etym: [L. studens, -entis, p.pr. of studere to study. See Study, n.]

1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a hard student. Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student from his book. Shak.

2. One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical nature.

STUDENTRY Stu"dent*ry, n.

Defn: A body of students. [R.]

STUDENTSHIP Stu"dent*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a student.

STUDFISH Stud"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small American minnows of the genus Fundulus, as F. catenatus.

STUD-HORSE Stud"-horse`, n. Etym: [AS. stod-hors.]

Defn: A stallion, esp. one kept for breeding.

STUDIED Stud"ied, a.

1. Closely examined; read with diligence and attention; made the subject of study; well considered; as, a studied lesson.

2. Well versed in any branch of learning; qualified by study; learned; as, a man well studied in geometry. I shrewdly suspect that he is little studied of a theory of moral proportions. Burke.

3. Premeditated; planned; designed; as, a studied insult. "Studied magnificence." Hawthorne.

4. Intent; inclined. [Obs.] Shak.

STUDIEDLY Stud"ied*ly, adv.

Defn: In a studied manner.

STUDIER Stud"i*er, n.

Defn: A student. [R.] W. Irving. Lipsius was a great studier of the stoical philosophy. Tillotson.

STUDIO Stu"di*o, n.; pl. Studios. Etym: [It. studio, properly, study. See Study.]

Defn: The working room of an artist.

STUDIOUS Stu"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. studious: cf. F. studieux. See Study.]

1. Given to study; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge from books; as, a studious scholar.

2. Given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by contemplation; contemplative. Locke.

3. Earnest in endeavors; aiming sedulously; attentive; observant; diligent; — usually followed by an infinitive or by of; as, be studious to please; studious to find new friends and allies. You that are so studious Of my affairs, wholly neglect your own. Massinger.

4. Planned with study; deliberate; studied. For the frigid villainy of studious lewdness, . . . with apology can be invented Rambler.

5. Favorable to study; suitable for thought and contemplation; as, the studious shade. [Poetic] But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious cloister's pale. Milton. — Stu"di*ous*ly, adv. — Stu"di*ous*ness, n.

STUDY Stud"y, n.; pl. Studies. Etym: [OE. studie, L. studium, akin to studere to study; possibly akin to Gr. estudie, estude, F. étude. Cf. Etude, Student, Studio, Study, v. i.]

1. A setting of the mind or thoughts upon a subject; hence, application of mind to books, arts, or science, or to any subject, for the purpose of acquiring knowledge. Hammond . . . spent thirteen hours of the day in study. Bp. Fell. Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace. Sir W. Temple.

2. Mental occupation; absorbed or thoughtful attention; meditation; contemplation. Just men they seemed, and all their study bent To worship God aright, and know his works. Milton.

3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of attentive consideration. The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily study. Law. The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.

4. A building or apartment devoted to study or to literary work. "His cheery little study." Hawthorne.

5. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A representation or rendering of any object or scene intended, not for exhibition as an original work of art, but for the information, instruction, or assistance of the maker; as, a study of heads or of hands for a figure picture.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A piece for special practice. See Etude.

STUDY Stud"y, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Studied; p. pr. & vb. n. Studying.] Etym: [OE. studien, OF. estudier, F. étudier. See Study, n.]

1. To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in thought; to muse; to ponder. Chaucer. I found a moral first, and then studied for a fable. Swift.

2. To apply the mind to books or learning. Shak.

3. To endeavor diligently; to be zealous. 1 Thes. iv. 11.

STUDY Stud"y, v. t.

1. To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of learning and understanding; as, to study law or theology; to study languages.

2. To consider attentively; to examine closely; as, to study the work of nature. Study thyself; what rank or what degree The wise Creator has ordained for thee. Dryden.

3. To form or arrange by previous thought; to con over, as in committing to memory; as, to study a speech.

4. To make an object of study; to aim at sedulously; to devote one's thoughts to; as, to study the welfare of others; to study variety in composition. For their heart studieth destruction. Prov. xxiv. 2.

STUFA Stu"fa, n. Etym: [It. stufa a stove. See Stove.]

Defn: A jet of steam issuing from a fissure in the earth.

STUFF Stuff, n. Etym: [OF. estoffe, F. étoffe; of uncertain origin, perhaps of Teutonic origin and akin to E. stop, v.t. Cf. Stuff, v. t.]

1. Material which is to be worked up in any process of manufacture. For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much. Ex. xxxvi. 7. Ambitions should be made of sterner stuff. Shak. The workman on his stuff his skill doth show, And yet the stuff gives not the man his skill. Sir J. Davies.

2. The fundamental material of which anything is made up; elemental part; essence. Yet do I hold it very stuff o' the conscience To do no contrived murder. Shak.

3. Woven material not made into garments; fabric of any kind; specifically, any one of various fabrics of wool or worsted; sometimes, worsted fiber. What stuff wilt have a kirtle of Shak. It [the arras] was of stuff and silk mixed, though, superior kinds were of silk exclusively. F. G. Lee.

4. Furniture; goods; domestic vessels or utensils. He took away locks, and gave away the king's stuff. Hayward.

5. A medicine or mixture; a potion. Shak.

6. Refuse or worthless matter; hence, also, foolish or irrational language; nonsense; trash. Anger would indite Such woeful stuff as I or Shadwell write. Dryden.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A melted mass of turpentine, tallow, etc., with which the masts, sides, and bottom of a ship are smeared for lubrication. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

8. Paper stock ground ready for use.

Note: When partly ground, called half stuff. Knight. Clear stuff. See under Clear. — Small stuff (Naut.), all kinds of small cordage. Ham. Nav. Encyc. — Stuff gown, the distinctive garb of a junior barrister; hence, a junior barrister himself. See Silk gown, under Silk.stuff and nonsense. (See def. 6 for stuff) balderdash, twaddle, nonsense, foolishness.

STUFF Stuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuffing.] Etym: [OE. stoffen; cf. OF. estoffer, F. étoffer, to put stuff in, to stuff, to line, also, OF. estouffer to stifle, F. étouffer; both perhaps of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stop. Cf. Stop, v. t., Stuff, n.]

1. To fill by crowding something into; to cram with something; to load to excess; as, to stuff a bedtick. Sometimes this crook drew hazel bought adown, And stuffed her apron wide with nuts so brown. Gay. Lest the gods, for sin, Should with a swelling dropsy stuff thy skin. Dryden.

2. To thrust or crowd; to press; to pack. Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth, stuffing them close together . . . and they retain smell and color. Bacon.

3. To fill by being pressed or packed into. With inward arms the dire machine they load, And iron bowels stuff the dark abode. Dryden.

4. (Cookery)

Defn: To fill with a seasoning composition of bread, meat, condiments, etc.; as, to stuff a turkey.

5. To obstruct, as any of the organs; to affect with some obstruction in the organs of sense or respiration. I'm stuffed, cousin; I can not smell. Shak.

6. To fill the skin of, for the purpose of preserving as a specimen; — said of birds or other animals.

7. To form or fashion by packing with the necessary material. An Eastern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the tribunal. Swift.

8. To crowd with facts; to cram the mind of; sometimes, to crowd or fill with false or idle tales or fancies.

9. To put fraudulent votes into (a ballot box). [U. S.]

STUFF Stuff, v. i.

Defn: To feed gluttonously; to cram. Taught harmless man to cram and stuff. Swift.

STUFFER Stuff"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stuffs.

STUFFINESS Stuff"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being stuffy.

STUFFING Stuff"ing, n.

1. That which is used for filling anything; as, the stuffing of a saddle or cushion.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Any seasoning preparation used to stuff meat; especially, a composition of bread, condiments, spices, etc.; forcemeat; dressing.

3. A mixture of oil and tallow used in softening and dressing leather. Stuffing box, a device for rendering a joint impervious where there is a hole through which a movable cylindrical body, as the paston rod of a steam engine, or the plunger of a pump, slides back and forth, or in which a shaft turns. It usually consists of a box or chamber, made by an enlargement of part of the hole, forming a space around the rod or shaft for containing packing which is compressed and made to fill the space closely by means of a sleeve, called the gland, which fits loosely around the rod, and is pressed upon the packing by bolts or other means.

STUFFY Stuff"y, a.

1. Stout; mettlesome; resolute. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. Angry and obstinate; sulky. [U. S.]

3. Ill-ventilated; close.

STUKE Stuke, n.

Defn: Stucco. [Obs.]

STULL Stull, n. Etym: [CF. Stum.]

Defn: A framework of timber covered with boards to support rubbish; also, a framework of boards to protect miners from falling stones. [Prov. Eng.]

STULM Stulm, n. Etym: [Cf. G. stollen a post, a stulm, E. stall, stand.]

Defn: A shaft or gallery to drain a mine. [Local, Eng.] Bailey.

STULP Stulp, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. stolpi, Dan., Sw., & OD. stolpe.]

Defn: A short, stout post used for any purpose, a to mark a boundary. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STULTIFICATION Stul`ti*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of stultifying, or the state of being stultified.

STULTIFIER Stul"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who stultifies.

STULTIFY Stul"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stultified; p. pr. & vb. n. Stultifying.] Etym: [L. stultus foolish + -fy.]

1. To make foolish; to make a fool of; as, to stultify one by imposition; to stultify one's self by silly reasoning or conduct. Burke.

2. To regard as a fool, or as foolish. [R.] The modern sciolist stultifies all understanding but his own, and that which he conceives like his own. Hazlitt.

3. (Law)

Defn: To allege or prove to be of unsound mind, so that the performance of some act may be avoided.

STULTILOQUENCE Stul*til"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. stultiloquentia; stultus foolish + loquentia a talking, fr. loquens, p.pr. of loqui to talk.]

Defn: Silly talk; babbling.

STULTILOQUENT Stul*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [Cf. L. stultiloquus. See Stultiloquence.]

Defn: Given to, or characterized by, silly talk; babbling. — Stul*til"o*quent*ly, adv.

STULTILOQUY Stul*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. stultiloquium.]

Defn: Foolish talk; silly discource; babbling. Jer. Taylor.

STULTY Stul"ty, a. Etym: [L. stultus foolish.]

Defn: Foolish; silly. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

STUM Stum, n. Etym: [D. stom must, new wort, properly, dumb; cf. F. vin muet stum. Cf. Stammer, Stoom.]

1. Unfermented grape juice or wine, often used to raise fermentation in dead or vapid wines; must. Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine. B. Jonson. And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause. Dryden.

2. Wine revived by new fermentation, reulting from the admixture of must. Hudibras.

STUM Stum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumming.]

Defn: To renew, as wine, by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation. We stum our wines to renew their spirits. Floyer.

STUMBLE Stum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumbling.] Etym: [OE. stumblen, stomblen; freq. of a word akin to E. stammer. See Stammer.]

1. To trip in walking or in moving in any way with the legs; to strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; to stagger because of a false step. There stumble steeds strong and down go all. Chaucer. The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know at what they stumble. Prov. iv. 19.

2. To walk in an unsteady or clumsy manner. He stumbled up the dark avenue. Sir W. Scott.

3. To fall into a crime or an error; to err. He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is none occasion og stumbling in him. 1 John ii. 10.

4. To strike or happen (upon a person or thing) without design; to fall or light by chance; — with on, upon, or against. Ovid stumbled, by some inadvertency, upon Livia in a bath. Dryden. Forth as she waddled in the brake, A gray goose stumbled on a snake. C. Smart.

STUMBLE Stum"ble, v. t.

1. To cause to stumble or trip.

2. Fig.: To mislead; to confound; to perplex; to cause to err or to fall. False and dazzling fires to stumble men. Milton. One thing more stumbles me in the very foundation of this hypothesis. Locke.

STUMBLE Stum"ble, n.

1. A trip in walking or running.

2. A blunder; a failure; a fall from rectitude. One stumble is enough to deface the character of an honorable life. L'Estrange.

STUMBLER Stum"bler, n.

Defn: One who stumbles.

STUMBLING-BLOCK Stum"bling-block`, n.

Defn: Any cause of stumbling, perplexity, or error. We preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumbling-block, and unto the Greeks foolishness. 1 Cor. i. 23.

STUMBLINGLY Stum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stumbling manner.

STUMBLING-STONE Stum"bling-stone`, n.

Defn: A stumbling-block. This stumbling-stone we hope to take away. T. Burnet.

STUMP Stump, n. Etym: [OE. stumpe, stompe; akin to D. stomp, G. stumpf, Icel. stumpr, Dan. & Sw. stump, and perhaps also to E. stamp.]

1. The part of a tree or plant remaining in the earth after the stem or trunk is cut off; the stub.

2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is amputated or destroyed; a fixed or rooted remnant; a stub; as, the stump of a leg, a finger, a tooth, or a broom.

3. pl.

Defn: The legs; as, to stir one's stumps. [Slang]

4. (Cricket)

Defn: One of the three pointed rods stuck in the ground to form a wicket and support the bails.

5. A short, thick roll of leather or paper, cut to a point, or any similar implement, used to rub down the lines of a crayon or pencil drawing, in shading it, or for shading drawings by producing tints and gradations from crayon, etc., in powder.

6. A pin in a tumbler lock which forms an obstruction to throwing the bolt, except when the gates of the tumblers are properly arranged, as by the key; a fence; also, a pin or projection in a lock to form a guide for a movable piece. Leg stump (Cricket), the stump nearest to the batsman. — Off stump (Cricket), the stump farthest from the batsman. — Stump tracery (Arch.), a term used to describe late German Gothic tracery, in which the molded bar seems to pass through itself in its convolutions, and is then cut off short, so that a section of the molding is seen at the end of each similar stump. — To go on the stump, or To take the stump, to engage in making public addresses for electioneering purposes; — a phrase derived from the practice of using a stump for a speaker's platform in newly- settled districts. Hence also the phrases stump orator, stump speaker, stump speech, stump oratory, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]

STUMP Stump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumping.]

1. To cut off a part of; to reduce to a stump; to lop. Around the stumped top soft moss did grow. Dr. H. More.

2. To strike, as the toes, against a stone or something fixed; to stub. [Colloq.]

3. To challenge; also, to nonplus. [Colloq.]

4. To travel over, delivering speeches for electioneering purposes; as, to stump a State, or a district. See To go on the stump, under Stump, n. [Colloq. U.S.]

5. (Cricket) (a) To put (a batsman) out of play by knocking off the bail, or knocking down the stumps of the wicket he is defending while he is off his allotted ground; — sometimes with out. T. Hughes. (b) To bowl down the stumps of, as, of a wicket. A herd of boys with clamor bowled, And stumped the wicket. Tennyson. To stump it. (a) To go afoot; hence, to run away; to escape. [Slang] Ld. Lytton. (b) To make electioneering speeches. [Colloq. U.S.]

STUMP Stump, v. i.

Defn: To walk clumsily, as if on stumps. To stump up, to pay cash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STUMPAGE Stump"age, n.

1. Timber in standing trees, — often sold without the land at a fixed price per tree or per stump, the stumps being counted when the land is cleared. [Local, U.S.] Only trees above a certain size are allowed to be cut by loggers buying stumpage from the owners of land. C. S. Sargent.

2. A tax on the amount of timber cut, regulated by the price of lumber. [Local, U.S.] The Nation.

STUMPER Stump"er, n.

1. One who stumps.

2. A boastful person. [Slang]

3. A puzzling or incredible story. [Slang, U.S.]

STUMPINESS Stump"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being stumpy.

STUMP-TAILED Stump"-tailed`, a.

Defn: Having a short, thick tail. Stump-tailed lizard (Zoöl.), a singular Australian scincoid lizard (Trachydosaurus rugosus) having a short, thick tail resembling its head in form; — called also sleeping lizard.

STUMPY Stump"y, a.

1. Full of stumps; hard; strong.

2. Short and thick; stubby. [Colloq.] "A stumpy little man." J. C. Harris.

STUN Stun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Stunning.] Etym: [OE. stonien, stownien; either fr. AS. stunian to resound (cf. D. stenen to groan, G. stöhnen, Icel. stynja, Gr. stan to thunder, and E. thunder), or from the same source as E. astonish. *168.]

1. To make senseless or dizzy by violence; to render senseless by a blow, as on the head. One hung a poleax at his saddlebow, And one a heavy mace to stun the foe. Dryden.

2. To dull or deaden the sensibility of; to overcome; especially, to overpower one's sense of hearing. And stunned him with the music of the spheres. Pope.

3. To astonish; to overpower; to bewilder. William was quite stunned at my discourse. De Foe.

STUN Stun, n.

Defn: The condition of being stunned.

STUNDIST Stun"dist, n. [Russ. shtundist, prob. fr. G. stunde hour; — from their meetings for Bible reading.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a large sect of Russian dissenters founded, about 1860, in the village of Osnova, near Odessa, by a peasant, Onishchenko, who had apparently been influenced by a German sect settled near there. They zealously practice Bible reading and reject priestly dominion and all external rites of worship. — Stun"dism (#), n.

STUNG Stung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sting.

STUNK Stunk,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stink.

STUNNER Stun"ner, n.

1. One who, or that which, stuns.

2. Something striking or amazing in quality; something of extraordinary excellence. [Slang] Thackeray.

STUNNING Stun"ning, a.

1. Overpowering consciousness; overpowering the senses; especially, overpowering the sense of hearing; confounding with noise.

2. Striking or overpowering with astonishment, especially on account of excellence; as, stunning poetry. [Slang] C. Kingsley. — Stun"ning*ly, adv. [Slang]

STUNSAIL Stun"sail, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A contraction of Studding sail. With every rag set, stunsails, sky scrapers and all. Lowell.

STUNT Stunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Stunting.] Etym: [See Stint.]

Defn: To hinder from growing to the natural size; to prevent the growth of; to stint, to dwarf; as, to stunt a child; to stunt a plant. When, by a cold penury, I blast the abilities of a nation, and stunt the growth of its active energies, the ill or may do is beyond all calculation. Burke.

STUNT Stunt, n.

1. A check in growth; also, that which has been checked in growth; a stunted animal or thing.

2. Specifically: A whale two years old, which, having been weaned, is lean, and yields but little blubber.

STUNTED Stunt"ed, a.

Defn: Dwarfed. — Stunt"ed*ness, n.

STUNTNESS Stunt"ness, n.

Defn: Stuntedness; brevity. [R.] Earle.

STUPA Stu"pa (stoo"pa), n. Etym: [Skr. stupa.]

Defn: A mound or monument commemorative of Buddha.

STUPA Stu"pa (stu"pa), n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: See 1st Stupe.

STUPE Stupe, n. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stop, v. t.] (Med.)

Defn: Cloth or flax dipped in warm water or medicaments and applied to a hurt or sore.

STUPE Stupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuping.]

Defn: To foment with a stupe. Wiseman.

STUPE Stupe, n. Etym: [See Stupid.]

Defn: A stupid person. [Obs.]

STUPEFACIENT Stu`pe*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. stupefaciens, p.pr. of stupefacere to stupefy; stupere to be stupefied + facere to make. Cf. Stupefy.] [Written also stupifacient.]

Defn: Producing stupefaction; stupefactive. — n. (Med.)

Defn: Anything promoting stupefaction; a narcotic.

STUPEFACTION Stu`pe*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stupéfaction. See Stupefacient.]

Defn: The act of stupefying, or the state of being stupefied. [Written also stupifaction.] Resistance of the dictates of conscience brings a hardness and stupefaction upon it. South.

STUPEFACTIVE Stu`pe*fac"tive, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. stupéfactif, LL. stupefactivus.]

Defn: Same as Stupefacient. [Written also stupifactive.]

STUPEFIED Stu"pe*fied, a.

Defn: Having been made stupid.

STUPEFIEDNESS Stu"pe*fied`ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being stupid.

STUPEFIER Stu"pe*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stupefies; a stupefying agent.

STUPEFY Stu"pe*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stupefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Stupefying.] Etym: [F. stupéfier, fr. L. stupere to be stupefied + ficare (in comp.) to make, akin to facere. See Stupid, Fact, and cf. Stupefacient.] [Written also stupify, especially in England.]

1. To make stupid; to make dull; to blunt the faculty of perception or understanding in; to deprive of sensibility; to make torpid. The fumes of drink discompose and stupefy the brain. South.

2. To deprive of material mobility. [Obs.] It is not malleable; but yet is not fluent, but stupefied. Bacon.

STUPENDOUS Stu*pen"dous, a. Etym: [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.]

Defn: Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. "A stupendous sum." Macaulay. All are but parts of one stupendous whole. Pope. — Stu*pen"dous*ly, adv. — Stu*pen"dous*ness, n.

STUPEOUS Stu"pe*ous, a. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow; cf. L. stuppeus made of tow. Cf. Stupose.]

Defn: Resembling tow; having long, loose scales, or matted filaments, like tow; stupose.

STUPID Stu"pid, a. Etym: [L. stupidus, fr. stupere to be stupefied: cf. F. stupide.]

1. Very dull; insensible; senseless; wanting in understanding; heavy; sluggish; in a state of stupor; — said of persons. O that men . . . should be so stupid grown . . . As to forsake the living God! Milton. With wild surprise, A moment stupid, motionless he stood. Thomson.

2. Resulting from, or evincing, stupidity; formed without skill or genius; dull; heavy; — said of things. Observe what loads of stupid rhymes Oppress us in corrupted times. Swift.

Syn. — Simple; insensible; sluggish; senseless; doltish; sottish; dull; heavy; clodpated. — Stu"pid*ly, adv. — Stu"pid*ness, n.

STUPIDITY Stu*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. stupiditas: cf. F. stupidité.]

1. The quality or state of being stupid; extreme dullness of perception or understanding; insensibility; sluggishness.

2. Stupor; astonishment; stupefaction. [R.] A stupidity Past admiration strikes me, joined with fear. Chapman.

STUPIFY Stu"pi*fy, v. t.

Defn: See Stupefy.

STUPOR Stu"por, n. Etym: [L., from stupere to be struck senseless.]

1. Great diminution or suspension of sensibility; suppression of sense or feeling; lethargy.

2. Intellectual insensibility; moral stupidity; heedlessness or inattention to one's interests.

STUPOSE Stu*pose, a. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stupeous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of, or having, tufted or matted filaments like tow; stupeous.

STUPRATE Stu"prate, v. t. Etym: [L. stupratus, p.p. of stuprare to ravish, fr. stuprum defilement.]

Defn: To ravish; to debauch. [R.] Heywood.

STUPRATION Stu*pra"tion, n.

Defn: Violation of chastity by force; rape. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

STUPRUM Stu"prum, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Stupration.

STURB Sturb, v. t.

Defn: To disturb. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STURDILY Stur"di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sturdy manner.

STURDINESS Stur"di*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sturdy.

STURDY Stur"dy, a. [Compar. Sturdier; superl. Sturdiest.] Etym: [OE. sturdi inconsiderable, OF. estourdi stunned, giddy, thoughtless, rash, F. étourdi, p.p. of OF. estourdir to stun, to render giddy, to amaze, F. étourdir; of uncertain origin. The sense has probably been influenced by E. stout.]

1. Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn; unrelenting; unfeeling; stern. This sturdy marquis gan his hearte dress To rue upon her wifely steadfastness. Chaucer. This must be done, and I would fain see Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay. Hudibras. A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the first steps. Atterbury.

2. Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality; as, a man of sturdy piety or patriotism.

3. Characterized by physical strength or force; strong; lusty; violent; as, a sturdy lout. How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke! Gray.

4. Stiff; stout; strong; as, a sturdy oak. Milton. He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy than dainty. Sir H. Wotton.

Syn. — Hardy; stout; strong; firm; robust; stiff.

STURDY Stur"dy, n. Etym: [OF. estourdi giddiness, stupefaction.] (Vet.)

Defn: A disease in sheep and cattle, marked by great nervousness, or by dullness and stupor.

STURGEON Stur"geon, n. Etym: [F. esturgeon, LL. sturio, sturgio, OHG. sturjo, G. stör; akin to AS. styria, styriga.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large cartilaginous ganoid fishes belonging to Acipenser and allied genera of the family Acipenseridæ. They run up rivers to spawn, and are common on the coasts and in the large rivers and lakes of North America, Europe, and Asia. Caviare is prepared from the roe, and isinglass from the air bladder.

Note: The common North American species are Acipenser sturio of the Atlantic coast region, A. transmontanus of the Pacific coast, and A. rubicundus of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. In Europe, the common species is Acipenser sturio, and other well-known species are the sterlet and the huso. The sturgeons are included in the order Chondrostei. Their body is partially covered by five rows of large, carinated, bony plates, of which one row runs along the back. The tail is heterocercal. The toothless and protrusile mouth is beneath the head, and has four barbels in front. Shovel-nosed sturgeon. (Zoöl.) See Shovelnose (d).

STURIONES Stu`ri*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from LL. sturio. See Sturgeon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the sturgeons.

STURIONIAN Stu`ri*o"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the family of fishes of which the sturgeon is the type.

STURK Sturk, n.

Defn: See Stirk. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STURNOID Stur"noid, a. Etym: [L. sturnus a starling + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the starlings.

STURT Sturt, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Start, v. i.]

Defn: To vex; to annoy; to startle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STURT Sturt, n.

1. Disturbance; annoyance; care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Sturt and care." J. Rolland.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A bargain in tribute mining by which the tributor profits. Raymond.

STURTION Stur"tion, n.

Defn: A corruption of Nasturtion.

STUT Stut, v. i.

Defn: To stutter. [Obs.] Skelton.

STUTTER Stut"ter, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Stuttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuttering.] Etym: [Freq. of stut, OE. stoten; probably of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. D. & LG. stotteren, G. stottern, D. stooten to push, to strike; akin to G. stossen, Icel. stauta, Sw. stöta, Dan. stöde, Goth. stautan, L. tundere, Skr. tud to thrust. Cf. Contuse, Obtuse.]

Defn: To hesitate or stumble in uttering words; to speak with spasmodic repetition or pauses; to stammer. Trembling, stuttering, calling for his confessor. Macaulay.

STUTTER Stut"ter, n.

1. The act of stuttering; a stammer. See Stammer, and Stuttering.

2. One who stutters; a stammerer. [Obs.] Bacon.

STUTTERER Stut"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who stutters; a stammerer.

STUTTERING Stut"ter*ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who stutters; — restricted by some physiologists to defective speech due to inability to form the proper sounds, the breathing being normal, as distinguished from stammering.

STUTTERING Stut"ter*ing, a.

Defn: Apt to stutter; hesitating; stammering. — Stut"ter*ing*ly, adv.

STY Sty, n.; pl. Sties (. [Written also stigh.] Etym: [AS. stigu, fr. stigan to rise; originally, probably, a place into which animals climbed or went up. *164. See Sty, v. i., and cf. Steward.]

1. A pen or inclosure for swine.

2. A place of bestial debauchery. To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty. Milton.

STY Sty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stied; p. pr. & vb. n. Stying.]

Defn: To shut up in, or as in, a sty. Shak.

STY Sty, v. i. Etym: [OE. stien, sti, AS. stigan to rise; akin to D. stijgen, OS. & OHG. stigan, G. steigen, Icel. stiga, Sw. stiga, Dan. stige, Goth. steigan, L. vestigium footstep, Gr. stigh to mount. Cf. Distich, Stair steps, Stirrup, Sty a boil, a pen for swine, Vestige.]

Defn: To soar; to ascend; to mount. See Stirrup. [Obs.] With bolder wing shall dare aloft to sty, To the last praises of this Faery Queene. Spenser.

STY Sty, n. Etym: [For older styan, styanye, understood as sty on eye, AS. stigend (sc. eáge eye), properly, rising, or swelling (eye), p.p. of stigan to rise. See Sty, v. i.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflamed swelling or boil on the edge of the eyelid. [Written also stye.]

STYAN Sty"an, n.

Defn: See Sty, a boil. [R.] De quincey.

STYCA Sty"ca, n. Etym: [LL., fr. AS. stic, styc, stycge.]

Defn: An anglo-Saxon copper coin of the lowest value, being worth half a farthing. S. M. Leake.

STYCERIN Sty"cer*in, n. Etym: [Styryl + glycerin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A triacid alcohol, related to glycerin, and obtained from certain styryl derivatives as a yellow, gummy, amorphous substance; - - called also phenyl glycerin.

STYE Stye, n.

Defn: See Sty, a boil.

STYGIAL Styg"i*al, a.

Defn: Stygian. [R.] Skelton.

STYGIAN Styg"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Stygius, fr. Styx, Stygis, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal. See Styx. At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Bent their aspect. Milton.

STYLAGALMAIC Sty`la*gal*ma"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Performing the office of columns; as, Atlantes and Caryatides are stylagalmaic figures or images. [Written also stylogalmaic.]

STYLAR Sty"lar, a.

Defn: See Stilar.

STYLASTER Sty*las"ter, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of delicate, usually pink, calcareous hydroid corals of the genus Stylaster.

STYLE Style, n. Etym: [OE. stile, F. style, Of. also stile, L. stilus a style or writing instrument, manner or writing, mode of expression; probably for stiglus, meaning, a pricking instrument, and akin to E. stick. See Stick, v. t., and cf. Stiletto. The spelling with y is due to a supposed connection with Gr.

1. An instrument used by the ancients in writing on tablets covered with wax, having one of its ends sharp, and the other blunt, and somewhat expanded, for the purpose of making erasures by smoothing the wax.

2. Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in shape or use. Specifically: — (a) A pen; an author's pen. Dryden. (b) A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a graver. (c) A kind of blunt-pointed surgical instrument. (d) (Zoöl.) A long, slender, bristlelike process, as the anal styles of insects. (e) Etym: [Perhaps fr. Gr.

Defn: The pin, or gnomon, of a dial, the shadow of which indicates the hour. See Gnomon. (f) Etym: [Probably fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The elongated part of a pistil between the ovary and the stigma. See Illust. of Stamen, and of Pistil.

3. Mode of expressing thought in language, whether oral or written; especially, such use of language in the expression of thought as exhibits the spirit and faculty of an artist; choice or arrangement of words in discourse; rhetorical expression. High style, as when that men to kinges write. Chaucer. Style is the dress of thoughts. Chesterfield. Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style. Swift. It is style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work. I. Disraeli.

4. Mode of presentation, especially in music or any of the fine arts; a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing in idea or accomplishing a result. The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar merit. Sir J. Reynolds.

5. Conformity to a recognized standard; manner which is deemed elegant and appropriate, especially in social demeanor; fashion. According to the usual style of dedications. C. Middleton.

6. Mode or phrase by which anything is formally designated; the title; the official designation of any important body; mode of address; as, the style of Majesty. One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a proud, insulting foe. Burke.

7. (Chron.)

Defn: A mode of reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

Note: Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian manner of computing the months and days, or the calendar as established by Julius Cæsar, in which every fourth year consists of 366 days, and the other years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to bring back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time of the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This reformation was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called New Style, according to which every year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days, and any other year 365 days. Style of court, the practice or manner observed by a court in its proceedings. Ayliffe.

Syn. — Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See Diction.

STYLE Style, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Styled; p. pr. & vb. n. Styling.]

Defn: To entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. "Styled great conquerors." Milton. How well his worth and brave adventures styled. Dryden.

Syn. — To call; name; denominate; designate; term; characterize.

STYLET Sty"let, n. Etym: [F., dim. of style; cf. It. stiletto. See Stiletto.]

Defn: A small poniard; a stiletto.

2. (Surg.) (a) An instrument for examining wounds and fistulas, and for passing setons, and the like; a probe, — called also specillum. (b) A stiff wire, inserted in catheters or other tubular instruments to maintain their shape and prevent clogging.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ; as, the caudal stylets of certain insects; the ventral stylets of certain Infusoria.

STYLIFEROUS Sty*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Style + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing one or more styles.

STYLIFORM Sty"li*form, a. Etym: [Style + -form: cf. F. styliforme.]

Defn: Having the form of, or resembling, a style, pin, or pen; styloid.

STYLISH Styl"ish, a.

Defn: Having style or artistic quality; given to, or fond of, the display of style; highly fashionable; modish; as, a stylish dress, house, manner. — Styl"ish*ly, adv. — Styl"ish*ness, n.

STYLIST Styl"ist, n.

Defn: One who is a master or a model of style, especially in writing or speaking; a critic of style. Distinguished as a stylist, for ease. Fitzed. Hall.

STYLISTIC Sty*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to style in language. [R.] "Stylistic trifles." J. A. Symonds. The great stylistic differences in the works ascribed to him [Wyclif]. G. P. Marsh.

STYLITE Sty"lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of anchorites in the early church, who lived on the tops of pillars for the exercise of their patience; — called also pillarist and pillar saint.

STYLO- Sty"lo-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the styloid process of the temporal bone; as, stylohyal, stylomastoid, stylomaxillary.

STYLOBATE Sty"lo*bate, n. Etym: [L. stylobates, stylobata, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: The uninterrupted and continuous flat band, coping, or pavement upon which the bases of a row of columns are supported. See Sub-base.

STYLOGLOSSAL Sty`lo*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Stylo- + glossal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to styloid process and the tongue.

STYLOGRAPH Sty"lo*graph, n.

Defn: A stylographic pen.

STYLOGRAPHIC Sty`lo*graph"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to stylography; used in stylography; as, stylographic tablets.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, stylographic pen; as, stylographic ink. Stylographic pen, a pen with a conical point like that of a style, combined with a reservoir for supplying it with ink. — Stylographic pencil, a pencil used in stylography.

STYLOGRAPHICAL Sty`lo*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Stylographic, 1. — Sty`lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

STYLOGRAPHY Sty*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Style + -graphy.]

Defn: A mode of writing or tracing lines by means of a style on cards or tablets.

STYLOHYAL Sty`lo*hy"al, n. Etym: [Stylo- + the Gr. letter (Anat.)

Defn: A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal.

STYLOHYOID Sty`lo*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the hyoid bone.

STYLOID Sty"loid, a. Etym: [Style + -oid: cf. F. styloïde, Gr.

1. Styliform; as, the styloid process.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process. Styloid process (Anat.), a long and slender process from the lower side of the temporal bone of man, corresponding to the tympanohyal and stylohyal of other animals.

STYLOMASTOID Sty`lo*mas"toid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone.

STYLOMAXILLARY Sty`lo*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla.

STYLOMETER Sty*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring columns.

STYLOMMATA Sty*lom"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Stylommatophora.

STYLOMMATOPHORA Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Pulmonata in which the eyes are situated at the tips of the tentacles. It includes the common land snails and slugs. See Illust. under Snail.

STYLOMMATOPHOROUS Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Stylommatophora.

STYLOPODIUM Sty`lo*po"di*um, n.; pl. Stylopodia. Etym: [NL. See Style, and Podium.] (Bot.)

Defn: An expansion at the base of the style, as in umbelliferous plants.

STYLOPS Sty"lops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of minute insects parasitic, in their larval state, on bees and wasps. It is the typical genus of the group Strepsiptera, formerly considered a distinct order, but now generally referred to the Coleoptera. See Strepsiptera.

STYLUS Sty"lus, n. Etym: [L. stylus, or better stilus.]

Defn: An instrument for writing. See Style, n., 1. That needle-shaped part at the tip of the playing arm of phonograph which sits in the groove of a phonograph record while it is turning, to detect the undulations in the phonograph groove and convert them into vibrations which are transmitted to a system (since 1920 electronic) which converts the signal into sound; also called needle. The stylus is frequently composed of metal or diamond. 3. The needle-like device used to cut the grooves which record the sound on the original disc during recording of a phonograph record. 4. (Computers)

Defn: A pen-shaped pointing device used to specify the cursor position on a graphics tablet.

STYMIE; STIMY Sty"mie, n. Also Sti"my. [Orig. uncertain.] (Golf)

Defn: The position of two balls on the putting green such that, being more than six inches apart, one ball lies directly between the other and the hole at which the latter must be played; also, the act of bringing the balls into this position.

STYMIE; STIMY Sty"mie, v. t. Also Sti"my. (Golf)

Defn: To bring into the position of, or impede by, a stymie.

STYPHNATE Styph"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of styphnic acid.

STYPHNIC Styph"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (spurious) sty`fein to contract.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline astringent acid, (NO2)3.C6H.(OH)2, obtained by the action of nitric acid on resorcin. Styphnic acid resembles picric acid, but is not bitter. It acts like a strong dibasic acid, having a series of well defined salts.

STYPTIC Styp"tic, a. Etym: [L. stypticus, Gr.

Defn: Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part; astringent. [Written also stiptic.] Styptic weed (Bot.), an American leguminous herb (Cassia occidentalis) closely related to the wild senna.

STYPTIC Styp"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A styptic medicine.

STYPTICAL Styp"tic*al, a.

Defn: Styptic; astringent.

STYPTICITY Styp*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stypticité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being styptic; astringency.

STYRACIN Styr"a*cin, n. Etym: [See Styrax.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline tasteless substance extracted from gum storax, and consisting of a salt of cinnamic acid with cinnamic alcohol.

STYRAX Sty"rax, n. Etym: [L. styrax, storax, Gr. Storax.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees, mostly American or Asiatic, abounding in resinous and aromatic substances. Styrax officinalis yields storax, and S. Benzoin yields benzoin.

2. Same as Storax.

STYROL Sty"rol, n. Etym: [Styrax + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Styrolene.

STYROLENE Sty"ro*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C8H8, obtained by the distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; — called also phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene, styrol, styrene, and cinnamene.

STYRONE Sty"rone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance having a sweet taste and a hyacinthlike odor, obtained by the decomposition of styracin; — properly called cinnamic, or styryl, alcohol.

STYRYL Sty"ryl, n. Etym: [Styrax + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical found in certain derivatives of styrolene and cinnamic acid; — called also cinnyl, or cinnamyl.

STYTHE Stythe, n. (Mining)

Defn: Choke damp.

STYTHY Styth"y, n. & v.

Defn: See Stithy.

STYX Styx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The principal river of the lower world, which had to be crossed in passing to the regions of the dead.

SUABILITY Su`a*bil"i*ty, n. (Law)

Defn: Liability to be sued; the state of being subjected by law to civil process.

SUABLE Su"a*ble, a. (Law)

Defn: Capable of being sued; subject by law to be called to answer in court. Story.

SUADE Suade, v. t. Etym: [L. suadere.]

Defn: To persuade. [Obs.]

SUADIBLE Suad"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. suadibilis.]

Defn: Suasible. [Obs.] Wyclif (James iii. 17).

SUAGE Suage, v. t.

Defn: To assuage. [Obs.] Dryden.

SUANT Su"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. Sue to pursue.]

Defn: Spread equally over the surface; uniform; even. [Written also suent.] [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.] — Su"ant*ly, adv. [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.]

SUASIBLE Sua"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. suadere, suasum, to persuade.]

Defn: Capable of being persuaded; easily persuaded.

SUASION Sua"sion, n. Etym: [L. suasio, fr. suadere, suasum, to advise, persuade, fr. suadus persuading, persuasive; akin to suavis sweet: cf. OF. suasion. See Suave, and cf. Dissuade, Persuade.]

Defn: The act of persuading; persuasion; as, moral suasion.

SUASIVE Sua"sive, a.

Defn: Having power to persuade; persuasive; suasory. South. "Genial and suasive satire." Earle. — Sua"sive*ly, adv.

SUASORY Sua"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. suasorius: cf. F. suasoire.]

Defn: Tending to persuade; suasive.

SUAVE Suave, a. Etym: [L. suavis sweet, pleasant: cf. F. suave. See Sweet, and cf. Suasion.]

Defn: Sweet; pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner; bland. — Suave"ly, adv.

SUAVIFY Suav"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suavified; p. pr. & vb. n. Suavifying.] Etym: [Suave + -fy.]

Defn: To make affable or suave.

SUAVILOQUENT Sua*vil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. suaviloquens; suavis sweet + loquens, p.pr. of loqui to speak.]

Defn: Sweetly speaking; using agreeable speech. [R.]

SUAVILOQUY Sua*vil"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. suaviloquium.]

Defn: Sweetness of speech. [R.]

SUAVITY Suav"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. suavitas: cf. F. suavité.]

1. Sweetness to the taste. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the mind; agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; gentleness; urbanity; as, suavity of manners; suavity of language, conversation, or address. Glanvill.

SUB- Sub-. Etym: [L. sub under, below; akin to Gr. upa to, on, under, over. Cf. Hypo-, Super-.]

1. A prefix signifying under, below, beneath, and hence often, in an inferior position or degree, in an imperfect or partial state, as in subscribe, substruct, subserve, subject, subordinate, subacid, subastringent, subgranular, suborn. Sub- in Latin compounds often becomes sum- before m, sur before r, and regularly becomes suc-, suf- , sug-, and sup- before c, f, g, and p respectively. Before c, p, and t it sometimes takes form sus- (by the dropping of b from a collateral form, subs-).

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting that the ingredient (of a compound) signified by the term to which it is prefixed,is present in only a small proportion, or less than the normal amount; as, subsulphide, suboxide, etc. Prefixed to the name of a salt it is equivalent to basic; as, subacetate or basic acetate. [Obsoles.]

SUB Sub, n.

Defn: A subordinate; a subaltern. [Colloq.]

SUBACETATE Sub*ac"e*tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acetate containing an excess of the basic constituent.

SUBACID Sub*ac"id, a. Etym: [L. subacidus. See Sub-, Acid.]

Defn: Moderately acid or sour; as, some plants have subacid juices. — n.

Defn: A substance moderately acid.

SUBACRID Sub*ac"rid, a.

Defn: Moderalely acrid or harsh.

SUBACROMIAL Sub`a*cro"mi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the acromial process of the scapula.

SUBACT Sub*act", v. t. Etym: [L. subactus, p.p. of subigere to subdue; sub under + agere to lead, bring.]

Defn: To reduce; to subdue. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBACTION Sub*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. subactio a working up, discipline.]

Defn: The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies combletely. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBACUTE Sub`a*cute", a.

Defn: Moderalely acute.

SUBADUNCATE Sub`a*dun"cate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Somewhat hooked or curved.

SUBADVOCATE Sub*ad"vo*cate, n.

Defn: An under or subordinate advocate.

SUBAERIAL Sub`a*ë"ri*al, a.

Defn: Beneath the sky; in the open air; specifically (Geol.), taking place on the earth's surface, as opposed to subaqueous.

SUBAGENCY Sub*a"gen*cy, n.

Defn: A subordinate agency.

SUBAGENT Sub*a"gent, n. (Law)

Defn: A person employed by an agent to transact the whole, or a part, of the business intrusted to the latter. Bouvier. Chitty.

SUBAGITATION Sub*ag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subagitatio, fr. subagitare to lie with illicity.]

Defn: Unlawful sexual intercourse. [Obs.]

SUBAH Su"bah, n. Etym: [Per. & Hinf. s.]

Defn: A province; a government, as of a viceroy; also, a subahdar. [India]

SUBAHDAR Su"bah*dar, n. Etym: [Per. & Hinf. s, Per. s a province + dar holding, keeping.]

Defn: A viceroy; a governor of a subah; also, a native captain in the British native army. [India]

SUBAHDARY; SUBAHSHIP Su"bah*dar`y, Su"bah*ship, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a subahdar.

SUBAID Sub*aid", v. t.

Defn: To aid secretly; to assist in a private manner, or indirectly. [R.] Daniel.

SUBALMONER Sub*al"mon*er, n.

Defn: An under almoner.

SUBALPINE Sub*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. subalpinus.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Inhabiting the somewhat high slopes and summits of mountains, but considerably below the snow line.

SUBALTERN Sub*al"tern, a. Etym: [F. subalterne, LL. subalternus, fr. L. sub under + alter the one, the other of two. See Alter.]

1. Ranked or ranged below; subordinate; inferior; specifically (Mil.), ranking as a junior officer; being below the rank of captain; as, a subaltern officer.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Asserting only a part of what is asserted in a related proposition. Subaltern genus. (Logic) See under Genus.

SUBALTERN Sub*al"tern, n.

1. A person holding a subordinate position; specifically, a commissioned military officer below the rank of captain.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A subaltern proposition. Whately.

SUBALTERNANT Sub`al*ter"nant, n. (Logic)

Defn: A universal proposition. See Subaltern, 2. Whately.

SUBALTERNATE Sub`al*ter"nate, a.

1. Succeeding by turns; successive.

2. Subordinate; subaltern; inferior. All their subalternate and several kinds. Evelyn.

SUBALTERNATE Sub`al*ter"nate, n. (Logic)

Defn: A particular proposition, as opposed to a universal one. See Subaltern, 2.

SUBALTERNATING Sub*al"ter*na`ting, a.

Defn: Subalternate; successive.

SUBALTERNATION Sub*al"ter*na`tion, n.

Defn: The state of being subalternate; succession of turns; subordination.

SUBANGULAR Sub*an"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Slightly angular.

SUBAPENNINE Sub*ap"en*nine, a.

Defn: Under, or at the foot of, the Apennine mountains; — applied, in geology, to a series of Tertiary strata of the older Pliocene period.

SUBAPICAL Sub*ap"ic*al, a.

Defn: Being under the apex; of or pertaining to the part just below the apex.

SUBAQUANEOUS Sub`a*qua"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subaquaneus; sub + aqua water.]

Defn: Subaqueous. [Obs.]

SUBAQUATIC; SUBAQUEOUS Sub`a*quat"ic, Sub*a"que*ous, a.

1. Being under water, or beneath the surface of water; adapted for use under water; submarine; as, a subaqueous helmet.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed in or under water; as, subaqueous deposits.

SUBARACHNOID; SUBARACHNOIDAL Sub`a*rach"noid, Sub*ar`ach*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the arachnoid membrane.

SUBARCTIC Sub*arc"tic, a.

Defn: Approximately arctic; belonging to a region just without the arctic circle.

SUBARCUATE; SUBARCUATED Sub*ar"cu*ate, Sub*ar"cu*a`ted, a.

Defn: Having a figure resembling that of a bow; somewhat curved or arched.

SUBARRATION Sub`ar*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. arra, arrha, earnest money. See Earnest a pledge.]

Defn: The ancient custom of betrothing by the bestowal, on the part of the man, of marriage gifts or tokens, as money, rings, or other presents, upon the woman.

SUBARYTENOID Sub`a*ryt"e*noid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx.

SUBASTRAL Sub*as"tral, a.

Defn: Beneath the stars or heavens; terrestrial. Bp. Warburton.

SUBASTRINGENT Sub`as*trin"gent, a.

Defn: Somewhat astringent.

SUBATOM Sub*at"om, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical component of a chemical atom, on the theory that the elements themselves are complex substances; — called also atomicule.

SUBAUD Sub*aud", v. t. Etym: [L. subaudire, subauditum; sub under + audire to hear.]

Defn: To understand or supply in an ellipsis. [R.]

SUBAUDITION Sub`au*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. subauditio.]

Defn: The act of understanding, or supplying, something not expressed; also, that which is so understood or supplied. Trench.

SUBAXILLARY Sub*ax"il*la*ry, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the axilla, or armpit.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Placed under the axil, or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the stem, or a leaf with the branch.

SUBBASAL Sub*ba"sal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Near the base.

SUB-BASE Sub"-base`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The lowest member of a base when divided horizontally, or of a baseboard, pedestal, or the like.

SUB-BASS Sub"-bass`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The deepest pedal stop, or the lowest tones of an organ; the fundamental or ground bass. [Written also sub-base.] Ayliffe.

SUBBEADLE Sub*bea"dle, n.

Defn: An under beadle.

SUBBRACHIAL Sub*brach"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the subbrachians.

SUBBRACHIALES Sub*brach`i*a"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Brachial.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of soft-finned fishes in which the ventral fins are situated beneath the pectorial fins, or nearly so.

SUBBRACHIAN Sub*brach"i*an, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + brachium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Subbrachiales.

SUBBREED Sub"breed`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A race or strain differing in certain characters from the parent breed; an incipient breed.

SUBBRONCHIAL Sub*bron"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the bronchi; as, the subbronchial air sacs of birds.

SUBCALIBER Sub*cal"i*ber, a.

Defn: Smaller than the caliber of a firearm. [Written also subcalibre.] Subcaliber projectile, a projectile having a smaller diameter than the caliber of the arm from which it is fired, and to which it is fitted by means of a sabot. Knight.

SUBCARBONATE Sub*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbonate containing an excess of the basic constituent.

SUBCARBONIFEROUS Sub*car`bon*if"er*ous, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Carboniferous formations underlying the proper coal measures. It was a marine formation characterized in general by beds of limestone. — n.

Defn: The Subcarboniferous period or formation.

SUBCARBURETED Sub*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: United with, or containing, carbon in less than the normal proportion. [Written also subcarburetted.] [Obsoles.]

SUBCARTILAGINOUS Sub*car`ti*lag"i*nous, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under or beneath a cartilage or cartilages. (b) Partially cartilaginous.

SUBCAUDAL Sub*cau"dal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the tail; as, the subcaudal, or chevron, bones.

SUBCELESTIAL Sub`ce*les"tial, a.

Defn: Being beneath the heavens; as, subcelestial glories. Barrow.

SUBCELLAR Sub*cel"lar, n.

Defn: A cellar beneath another story wholly or partly underground; usually, a cellar under a cellar.

SUBCENTRAL Sub*cen"tral, a.

1. Under the center.

2. Nearly central; not quite central.

SUBCHANTER Sub*chant"er, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: An underchanter; a precentor's deputy in a cathedral; a succentor.

SUBCIRCULAR Sub*cir"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly circular.

SUBCLASS Sub"class`, n.

Defn: One of the natural groups, more important than an order, into which some classes are divided; as, the angiospermous subclass of exogens.

SUBCLAVIAN Sub*cla"vi*an, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. clavis a key. See Clavicle.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the clavicle, or collar bone; as, the subclavian arteries.

SUBCOLUMNAR Sub`co*lum"nar, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Having an imperfect or interrupted columnar structure.

SUBCOMMITTEE Sub`com*mit"tee, n.

Defn: An under committee; a part or division of a committee. Yet by their sequestrators and subcommittees abroad . . . those orders were commonly disobeyed. Milton.

SUBCOMPRESSED Sub`com*pressed", a.

Defn: Not fully compressed; partially or somewhat compressed.

SUBCONCAVE Sub*con"cave, a.

Defn: Slightly concave. Owen.

SUBCONFORMABLE Sub`con*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Partially conformable.

SUBCONICAL Sub*con"ic*al, a.

Defn: Slightly conical.

SUBCONJUNCTIVAL Sub*con`junc*ti"val, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the conjunctiva.

SUBCONSCIOUS Sub*con"scious, a.

1. Occurring without the possibility or the fact of an attendant consciousness; — said of states of the soul.

2. Partially conscious; feebly conscious.

SUBCONSCIOUSNESS Sub*con"scious*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being subconscious; a state of mind in which perception and other mental processes occur without distinct consciousness.

SUBCONSTELLATION Sub*con`stel*la"tion, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A subordinate constellation. Sir T. Browne.

SUBCONTRACT Sub*con"tract, n.

Defn: A contract under, or subordinate to, a previous contract.

SUBCONTRACTED Sub`con*tract"ed, a.

1. Contracted after a former contract.

2. Betrothed for the second time. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBCONTRACTOR Sub`con*tract"or, n.

Defn: One who takes a portion of a contract, as for work, from the principal contractor.

SUBCONTRARY Sub*con"tra*ry, a.

1. Contrary in an inferior degree.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Having, or being in, a contrary order; — said of a section of an oblique cone having a circular base made by a plane not parallel to the base, but so inclined to the axis that the section is a circle; applied also to two similar triangles when so placed as to have a common angle at the vertex, the opposite sides not being parallel. Brande & C.

3. (Logic)

Defn: Denoting the relation of opposition between the particular affirmative and particular negative. Of these both may be true and only one can be false.

SUBCONTRARY Sub*con"tra*ry, n.; pl. Subcontraries (. (Logic)

Defn: A subcontrary proposition; a proposition inferior or contrary in a lower degree.

SUBCORACOID Sub*cor"a*coid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the coracoid process of the scapula; as, the subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus.