H

Defn: the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8.

Note: The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. ê. The Greek H is from Phoenician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on, Skr. csata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.

H H (hal). (Mus.)

Defn: The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B.

HA Ha (hal), interj. Etym: [AS.]

Defn: An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so." Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle.

HAAF Haaf, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.]

Defn: The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles.

HAAK Haak, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea fish. See Hake. Ash.

HAAR Haar, n. Etym: [See Hoar.]

Defn: A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.] T. Chalmers.

HABEAS CORPUS Ha"be*as corpus. Etym: [L. you may have the body.] (Law)

Defn: A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial. Bouvier.

HABENDUM Ha*ben"dum, n. Etym: [L., that must be had.] (Law)

Defn: That part of a deed which follows the part called the premises, and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; — so called because it begins with the word Habendum. Kent.

HABERDASH Hab"er*dash, v. i. Etym: [See Haberdasher.]

Defn: To deal in small wares. [R.] To haberdash in earth's base ware. Quarles.

HABERDASHER Hab"er*dash"er, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.]

1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.] The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne.

2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.

HABERDASHERY Hab"er*dash"er*y, n.

Defn: The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles. Burke.

HABERDINE Hab"er*dine", n. Etym: [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form, cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French article.]

Defn: A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth.

HABERGEON Ha*ber"ge*on, n. Etym: [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.]

Defn: Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer.

HABILATORY Hab"i*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes. Ld. Lytton.

HABILE Hab"ile, a. Etym: [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.]

Defn: Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABILIMENT Ha*bil"i*ment, n. Etym: [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.]

1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden.

2. pl.

Defn: Dress, in general. Shak.

HABILIMENTED Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a.

Defn: Clothed. Taylor (1630).

HABILITATE Ha*bil"i*tate, a. Etym: [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to enable.]

Defn: Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon.

HABILITATE Ha*bil"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle. Johnson.

HABILITATION Ha*bil"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.]

Defn: Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon.

HABILITY Ha*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Ability.]

Defn: Ability; aptitude. [Obs.] Robynson. (More's Utopia).

HABIT Hab"it n. Etym: [OE. habit, abit fr. habit fr. L. habitus state, appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit, Malady.]

1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of body.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.

3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior. A man of very shy, retired habits. W. Irving.

4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. Shak. There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different habits. Addison.

Syn. — Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. — Habit, Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us. How use doth breed a habit in a man ! Shak. He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute, Consent, or custom. Milton.

HABIT Hab"it, v. t. [ Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.] Etym: [OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.]

1. To inhabit. [Obs.] In thilke places as they [birds] habiten. Rom. of R.

2. To dress; to clothe; to array. They habited themselves lite those rural deities. Dryden.

3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman.

HABITABILITY Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Habitableness.

HABITABLE Hab"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. habitable, L. habitbilis.]

Defn: Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable world. — Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. — Hab"it*a*bly, adv.

HABITABLE Hab"ita*ble, n Etym: [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L. habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.]

Defn: A dwelling place. Chaucer. Southey.

HABITAN Ha`bi`tan", n.

Defn: Same as Habitant, 2. General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry. W. Irwing.

HABITANCE Hab"it*ance, n. Etym: [OF. habitance, LL. habitania.]

Defn: Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABITANCY Hab"it*an*cy, n.

Defn: Same as Inhabitancy.

HABITANT Hab`it*ant, n. Etym: [F. habitant. See Habit, v.t]

1. An inhabitant; a dweller. Milton. Pope.

2. Etym: [F. pron. (]

Defn: An inhabitant or resident; — a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; — usually in plural. The habitants or cultivators of the soil. Parkman.

HABITAT Hab`i*tat, n. Etym: [L., it dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v. t.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.

2. Place where anything is commonly found. This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire. Earle.

HABITATION Hab`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. habitation, L. habi(atio.]

1. The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy. Denham.

2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house. The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just. Prov. iii. 33.

HABITATOR Hab"ita`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

HABITED Hab`it*ed, p. p. & a.

1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was habited like a shepherd.

2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.] So habited he was in sobriety. Fuller.

3. Inhabited. [Archaic] Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women. Addison.

HABITUAL Ha*bit"ual, a. Etym: [Cf. F. habituel, LL. habituals. See Habit, n.]

1. Formed or acquired by habit or use. An habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims. South.

2. According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as, the habiual practice of sin. It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings. Buckminster.

Syn. — Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular; familiar. — Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv. — Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n.

HABITUATE Ha*bit"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habituated; p. pr. & vb. n. Habituating.] Etym: [L. habituatus, p. p. of habituare to bring into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.]

1. To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize. Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder clime. Sir K. Digby. Men are first corrupted . . . and next they habituate themselves to their vicious practices. Tillotson.

2. To settle as an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

HABITUATE Ha*bit"u*ate, a.

Defn: Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual. [R.] Hammond.

HABITUATION Ha*bit`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. habituation.]

Defn: The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.

HABITUDE Hab"i*tude, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. habitudo condition. See Habit.]

1. Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to something else; established or usual relations. South. The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes one to another. Locke. The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than habitudes of thinking. Landor.

2. Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity. To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best company. Dryden.

3. Habit of body or of action. Shak. It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without an infinite Dryden.

HABITUE Ha`bi`tu`e", n. Etym: [F., p. p. of habituer. See Habituate.]

Defn: One who habitually frequents a place; as, an habitué of a theater.

HABITURE Hab"i*ture, n.

Defn: Habitude. [Obs.]

HABITUS Hab"i*tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Habitude; mode of life; general appearance.

HABLE Ha"ble, a.

Defn: See Habile. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABNAB Hab"nab, adv. [Hobnob.]

Defn: By chance. [Obs.]

HACHURE Hach"ure, n. Etym: [F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See Hatching.

HACIENDA Ha`ci*en"da ( or ), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. OSp. facienda employment, estate, fr. L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be done, fr. facere to do. See Fact.]

Defn: A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; — a word used in Spanish-American regions. 1.

HACK Hack, n. Etym: [See Hatch a half door.]

1. A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc.

2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying.

HACK Hack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Hacking.] Etym: [OE. hakken; akin to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan. hakke, Sw. hacka, and perh. to E. hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.]

1. To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to hack a post. My sword hacked like a handsaw. Shak.

2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking. Shak.

HACK Hack, v. i.

Defn: To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner; as, a hacking cough.

HACK Hack, n.

1. A notch; a cut. Shak.

2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking stone.

3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough. Dr. H. More.

4. (Football)

Defn: A kick on the shins. T. Hughes. Hack saw, a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.

HACK Hack, n. Etym: [Shortened fr. hackney. See Hackney.]

1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and carriage horses.

2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach. On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded chariots. Pope.

3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge. Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed, Who long was a bookseller's hack. Goldsmith.

4. A procuress.

HACK Hack, a.

Defn: Hackneyed; hired; mercenary. Wakefield. Hack writer, a hack; one who writes for hire. "A vulgar hack writer." Macaulay.

HACK Hack, v. t.

1. To use as a hack; to let out for hire.

2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and commonplace. The word "remarkable" has been so hacked of late. J. H. Newman.

HACK Hack, v. i.

1. To be exposed or offered or to common use for hire; to turn prostitute. Hanmer.

2. To live the life of a drudge or hack. Goldsmith.

HACKAMORE Hack"a*more, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. jaquima headstall of a halter.]

Defn: A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, — used for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western U.S.]

HACKBERRY Hack"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees (Celtis) related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. C. occidentalis is common in the Eastern United States. Gray.

HACKBOLT Hack"bolt`, n, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The greater shearwater or hagdon. See Hagdon.

HACKBUSS Hack"buss, n.

Defn: Same as Hagbut.

HACKEE Hack"ee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel. [U.S.]

HACKER Hack"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting turpentine; a hack.

HACKERY Hack"er*y, n. Etym: [Hind. chakra.]

Defn: A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks. [Bengal] Malcom.

HACKLE Hac"kle, n. Etym: [See Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.]

1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel.

2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.

3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, — often used in making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used.

4. An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers.

HACKLE Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hackling.]

1. To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.

2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces. The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces. Burke.

HACKLY Hac"kly, a. Etym: [From Hackle]

1. Rough or broken, as if hacked.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the hackly fracture of metallic iron.

HACKMAN Hack"man, n.; pl. Hackmen (.

Defn: The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire.

HACKMATACK Hack"ma*tack`, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also tamarack.

HACKNEY Hack"ney, n.; pl. Hackneys. Etym: [OE. haceney, hacenay; cf. F. haquenée a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also haquenée, Sp. hacanea, OSp. facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF. haque horse, Sp. haca, OSp. faca; perh akin to E. hack to cut, and orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. Hack a horse, Nag.]

1. A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony. Chaucer.

2. A horse or pony kept for hire.

3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach.

4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.

HACKNEY Hack"ney, a.

Defn: Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; as, hackney coaches; hackney authors. "Hackney tongue." Roscommon.

HACKNEY Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackneyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hackneying.]

1. To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a hackneyed metaphor or quotation. Had I lavish of my presence been, So common-hackneyed in the eyes of men. Shak.

2. To carry in a hackney coach. Cowper.

HACKNEYMAN Hack"ney*man, n.; pl. Hackneymen (.

Defn: A man who lets horses and carriages for hire.

HACKSTER Hack"ster, n. Etym: [From Hack to cut.]

Defn: A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin. [Obs.] Milton.

HACQUETON Hac"que*ton, n.

Defn: Same as Acton. [Obs.]

HAD Had, imp. & p. p. of Have. Etym: [OE.had, hafde, hefde, AS. hæfde.]

Defn: See Have. Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon, etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better, under Better. And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.] C. Mundi (Trans. ). Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be sick.] Fabian. For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. Chaucer.

Note: Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found. Poor lady, she were better love a dream. Shak. You were best hang yourself. Beau. & Fl. Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak. I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I. Chaucer. I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I myself. Shak. I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. Shak. I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. Ps. lxxxiv.10.

HADDER Had"der, n.

Defn: Heather; heath. [Obs.] Burton.

HADDIE Had"die, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The haddock. [Scot.]

HADDOCK Had"dock, n. Etym: [OE. hadoc, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine food fish (Melanogrammus æglefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish.

HADE Hade, n. Etym: [Cf. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity.]

1. The descent of a hill. [Obs.]

2. (Mining)

Defn: The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein.

HADE Hade, v. i. (Mining)

Defn: To deviate from the vertical; — said of a vein, fault, or lode.

HADES Ha"des, n. Etym: [Gr.Un-, Wit.]

Defn: The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave. And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them. Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ). Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.). And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments. Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.).

HADJ Hadj, n. Etym: [Ar.hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a pilgrimage.]

Defn: The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans.

HADJI Hadj"i, n. Etym: [Ar. haji. See Hadj.]

1. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; — used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor. G. W. Curtis.

2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem. Heyse.

HADROSAURUS Had`ro*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros lizard.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation.

HAECCEITY Hæc*ce`i*ty, Etym: [L. hæcce this.] (Logic)

Defn: Literally, this-ness. A scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; as, this book.

HAEMA-; HAEMATO-; HAEMO- Haem"a- (, Haem"a*to- (, Hæm"o- (. Etym: [Gr. ai^"ma, blood.]

Defn: Combining forms indicating relation or resemblance to blood, association with blood; as, hæmapod, hæmatogenesis, hæmoscope.

Note: Words from Gr. (hema-, hemato-, hemo-, as well as hæma-, hæmato-, hæmo-.

HAEMACHROME Hæm"a*chrome ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Hematin.

HAEMACYANIN Hæm`a*cy"a*nin, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color.

Note: When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called oxyhæmacyanin. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile.

HAEMACYTOMETER Hæm`a*cy*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæma + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

HAEMAD Hæ"mad, adv. Etym: [Hæma- + L. ad toward.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the hæmal side; on the hæmal side of; — opposed to neurad.

HAEMADROMETER; HAEMADROMOMETER Hæm`a*drom"e*ter, Hæm`a*dro*mom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometer.

HAEMADROMETRY; HAEMADROMOMETRY Haem`a*drom"e*try,Haem`a*dro*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometry.

HAEMADROMOGRAPH Hæm`a*drom"o*graph, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.

HAEMADYNAMETER; HAEMADYNAMOMETER Hae`ma*dy*nam"e*ter ( or ) Hae`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter ( or ),

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMADYNAMICS Hæma*dy*nam"ics (, n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMAL Hæ"mal, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See Hemal.

HAEMAPHAEIN Hæm`a*phæ"in, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of jaundice.

HAEMAPOD Hæm"a*pod ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæma + -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An hæmapodous animal. G. Rolleston.

HAEMAPODOUS Hæ*map"o*dous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; — opposed to neuropodous.

HAEMAPOIETIC Hæm`a*poi*et"ic ( or ), a. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Bloodforming; as, the hæmapoietic function of the spleen.

HAEMAPOPHYSIS Hæm`a*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Hemapophysis. — Hæm`a*po*phys"i*al, a.

HAEMASTATICS Hæm`a*stat"ics, n.

Defn: Same as Hemastatics.

HAEMATACHOMETER Hæm`a*ta*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæma- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the hemadrometer) for measuring the velocity of the blood.

HAEMATACHOMETRY Hæm`a*ta*chom"e*try, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The measurement of the velocity of the blood.

HAEMATEMESIS Hæm`a*tem"e*sis, n.

Defn: Same as Hematemesis.

HAEMATIC Hæ*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red. Hæmatic acid (Physiol.), a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum. Thudichum.

HAEMATIN Hæm"a*tin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematin.

HAEMATINOMETER Hæm`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hematinometer.

HAEMATINOMETRIC Hæm`a*tin`o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Same as Hematinometric.

HAEMATITE Hæm"a*tite, n.

Defn: Same as Hematite.

HAEMATITIC Hæm`a*tit"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of a blood-red color; crimson; (Bot.) brownish red.

HAEMATO- Hæm"a*to- ( or ), prefix.

Defn: See Hæma-.

HAEMATOBLAST Hæm"a*to*blast, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -blast.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; — called also blood plaque, and blood plate.

HAEMATOCRYA Hæm`a*toc"ry*a, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as Hematocrya.

HAEMATOCRYAL Hæm`*a*toc"ry*al, a.

Defn: Cold-blooded.

HAEMATOCRYSTALLIN Hæm`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematocrystallin.

HAEMATODYNAMOMETER Hæ`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter ( or ), n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMATOGENESIS Hæm`a*to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + genesis.] (Physiol.) (a) The origin and development of blood. (b) The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.

HAEMATOGENIC Hæm`a*to*gen"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to hæmatogenesis.

HAEMATOGENOUS Hæm`a*tog"e*nous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Originating in the blood.

HAEMATOGLOBULIN Hæm`a*to*glob"u*lin, n.

Defn: Same as Hematoglobin.

HAEMATOID Hæm"a*toid, a.

Defn: Same as Hematoid.

HAEMATOIDIN Hæm`a*toid"in, n.

Defn: Same as Hematoidin.

HAEMATOIN Hæ*mat"o*in, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively hæmatoporphyrin and hæmatolin, are formed in a similar manner.

HAEMATOLIN Hæ*mat"o*lin, n.

Defn: See Hæmatoin.

HAEMATOLOGY Hæm`a*tol"o*gy ( or ), n.

Defn: The science which treats of the blood. Same as Hematology.

HAEMATOLYSIS Hæm`a*tol"y*sis, n. [NL.; hæmato- + Gr. a loosing, dissolving, fr. to loose, dissolve.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Dissolution of the red blood corpuscles with diminished coagulability of the blood; hæmolysis. — Hæm`a*to*lyt"ic (#), a.

HAEMATOMETER Hæm`a*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) (a) Same as Hemadynamometer. (b) An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

HAEMATOPHILINA Hæm`a*to*ph*i*li"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. -gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See Vampire.

HAEMATOPLAST Hæm"a*to*plast`, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Hæmatoblast.

HAEMATOPLASTIC Hæm`a*to*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Hæmato- + -plastic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Blood formative; — applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into blood vessels.

HAEMATOPORPHYRIN Hæm`a*to*por"phy*rin, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Hæmatoin.

HAEMATOSAC Hæm"a*to*sac`, n. Etym: [Hæmato- + sac.] (Anat.)

Defn: A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.

HAEMATOSCOPE Hæm"a*to*scope`, n.

Defn: A hæmoscope.

HAEMATOSIN Hæm`a*to"sin ( or ), n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Hematin. [R.]

HAEMATOSIS Hæm`a*to"sis, n.

Defn: Same as Hematosis.

HAEMATOTHERMA Hæm`a*to*ther"ma, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hematotherma.

HAEMATOTHERMAL Hæm`a*to*ther"mal, a.

Defn: Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.

HAEMATOTHORAX Hæm`a*to*tho"rax, n.

Defn: Same as Hemothorax.

HAEMATOXYLIN Hæm`a*tox"y*lin, n. Etym: [See Hæmatoxylon.] (Chem.)

Defn: The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, C16H14O6, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also hematin.

HAEMATOXYLON Hæm`a*tox"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species, the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native in Yucatan.

HAEMATOZOON; HAEMATOZOOEN Hæm`a*to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Hæmatozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A parasite inhabiting the blood; esp.: (a) Certain species of nematodes of the genus Filaria, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the dog, etc. (b) The trematode, Bilharzia hæmatobia, which infests the inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.

HAEMIC Hæ"mic ( or )

Defn: ,

HAEMIN Hæ"min, n.

Defn: Same as Hemin.

HAEMO- Hæm"o- ( or ), prefix.

Defn: See Hæma-.

HAEMOCHROME Hæm"ochrome, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmachrome.

HAEMOCHROMOGEN Hæm`o*chro"mogen, n. Etym: [Hæmochrome + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen.

HAEMOCHROMOMETER Hæm`o*chro*mom`e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmochrome + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color.

HAEMOCYANIN Hæm`o*cy"a*nin, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmacyanin.

HAEMOCYTOLYSIS Hæm`o*cy*tol"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Hæmocytotrypsis.

HAEMOCYTOMETER Hæm`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Hæmacytometer.

HAEMOCYTOTRYPSIS Hæm`o*cy`to*tryp"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A breaking up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of the corpuscles, or hæmcytolysis.

HAEMODROMOGRAPH Hæm`o*drom"o*graph, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmadromograph.

HAEMODROMOMETER Hæm`o*dro*mom"e*ter(-dro*mom"e*ter),n.

Defn: Same as Hemadrometer.

HAEMODYNAMETER Hæ`mo*dy*nam"e*ter ( or ), n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMODYNAMICS Hæ`mo*dy*nam"ics,n.

Defn: Same as Hemadynamics.

HAEMOGLOBIN Hæm`o*glo"bin, n.

Defn: Same as Hemoglobin.

HAEMOGLOBINOMETER Hæm`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmoglobin + -meter.]

Defn: Same as Hemochromometer.

HAEMOL Hæ"mol, n. [Gr. blood.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark brown powder containing iron, prepared by the action of zinc dust as a reducing agent upon the coloring matter of the blood, used medicinally as a hematinic.

HAEMOLUTEIN Hæm`o*lu"te*in, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + corpus luteum.] (Physiol.)

Defn: See Hematoidin.

HAEMOLYSIS; HAEMOLYTIC Hæ*mol"y*sis, n., Hæm`o*lyt"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Hæmatolysis, Hæmatolytic.

HAEMOMANOMETER Hæm`o*ma*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + manometer.]

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMOMETER Hæ*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hæmo- + -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Hemadynamometer.

HAEMONY Hæ"mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. Hæmonia a name of Thessaly, the land of magic.]

Defn: A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all enchantments."

HAEMOPLASTIC Hæmo*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Hæmatoplastic.

HAEMORRHOIDAL Hæm"or*rhoid"al, a.

Defn: Same as Hemorrhoidal.

HAEMOSCOPE Hæm"o*scope ( or ), n. Etym: [Hæmo- + -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.

HAEMOSTATIC Hæm`o*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Same Hemostatic.

HAEMOTACHOMETER Hæm`o*ta*chom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmatachometer.

HAEMOTACHOMETRY Hæm`o*ta*chom"e*try, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmatachometry.

HAF Haf, imp. of Heave.

Defn: Hove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAFFLE Haf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop, stammer.]

Defn: To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

HAFT Haft, n. Etym: [AS. hæft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel. hepti, and to E. Heave, or have. Cf. Heft.]

1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; — said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt. This brandish'dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast. Dryden.

2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson.

HAFT Haft, v. t.

Defn: To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger.

HAFTER Haft"er, n. [haften to cling or stick to, and E. haffle.]

Defn: A caviler; a wrangler. [Obs.] Baret.

HAG Hag, n. Etym: [OE. hagge, hegge, with, hag, AS. hægtesse; akin to OHG. hagazussa, G. hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw. häxa. The first part of the word is prob. the same as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning was perh., wood woman, wild woman.

1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] "[Silenus] that old hag." Golding.

2. An ugly old woman.

3. A fury; a she-monster. Grashaw.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hagdon or shearwater.

6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair. Blount. Hag moth (Zoöl.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. — Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.

HAG Hag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hagging.]

Defn: To harass; to weary with vexation. How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens. L'Estrange.

HAG Hag, n. Etym: [Scot. hag to cut; cf. E. hack.]

1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled. This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew. Fairfax.

2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale.

HAGBERRY Hag"ber"ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Prunus (P. Padus); the bird cherry. [Scot.]

HAGBORN Hag"born`, a.

Defn: Born of a hag or witch. Shak.

HAGBUT Hag"but, n. Etym: [OF. haquebute, prob. a corruption of D. haakbus; haak hook + bus gun barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf. Arquebus.]

Defn: A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim. [Written also haguebut and hackbuss.]

HAGBUTTER Hag"but*ter, n.

Defn: A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus. [Written also hackbutter.] Froude.

HAGDON Hag"don, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; — called also hagdown, haglin, and hag. See Shearwater.

HAGFISH Hag"fish`(-fish`),n.(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hag, 4.

HAGGADA Hag*ga"da, n.; pl. Haggadoth. Etym: [Rabbinic haggadha, fr. Heb. higgidh to relate.]

Defn: A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament. [Written also hadaga.]

HAGGARD Hag"gard, a. Etym: [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and -ard.]

1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak

2. Etym: [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.]

Defn: Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in appearance; as, haggard features, eyes. Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look. Dryden.

HAGGARD Hag"gard, n. Etym: [See Haggard, a.]

1. (Falconry)

Defn: A young or untrained hawk or falcon.

2. A fierce, intractable creature. I have loved this proud disdainful haggard. Shak.

3. Etym: [See Haggard, a., 2.]

Defn: A hag. [Obs.] Garth.

HAGGARD Hag"gard, n. Etym: [See 1st Haw, Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.]

Defn: A stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift.

HAGGARDLY Hag"gard*ly, adv.

Defn: In a haggard manner. Dryden.

HAGGED Hag"ged, a.

Defn: Like a hag; lean; ugly. [R.]

HAGGIS Hag"gis, n. Etym: [Scot. hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed, perhaps, in imitation of the F. hachis (E. hash), fr. hacher.]

Defn: A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and pluck. [Written also haggiss, haggess, and haggies.]

HAGGISH Hag"gish, a.

Defn: Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled. But on both did haggish age steal on. Shak.

HAGGISHLY Hag"gish*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a hag.

HAGGLE Hag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Haggling.] Etym: [Freq. of Scot. hag, E. hack. See Hack to cut.]

Defn: To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy haggles a stick of wood. Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped. Shak.

HAGGLE Hag"gle, v. i.

Defn: To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle. Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood. Walpole.

HAGGLE Hag"gle, n.

Defn: The act or process of haggling. Carlyle.

HAGGLER Hag"gler, n.

1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.

2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.

HAGIARCHY Ha"gi*ar`chy, n. Etym: [Gr. -archy.]

Defn: A sacred government; by holy orders of men. Southey.

HAGIOCRACY Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by a priesthood; hierarchy.

HAGIOGRAPHA Ha`gi*og"ra*pha, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The lives of the saints. Brande & C.

HAGIOGRAPHAL Ha`gi*og"ra*phal

Defn: , Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings.

HAGIOGRAPHER Ha`gi*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints. Shipley.

HAGIOGRAPHY Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (, 277), n.

Defn: Same Hagiographa.

HAGIOLATRY Ha`gi*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The invocation or worship of saints.

HAGIOLOGIST Ha`gi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer. Tylor. Hagiologists have related it without scruple. Southey.

HAGIOLOGY Ha`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints. J. H. Newman.

HAGIOSCOPE Ha"gi*o*scope`, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; — called, in architecture, a squint. Hook.

HAG-RIDDEN Hag"-rid`den, a.

Defn: Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare. Beattie. Cheyne.

HAGSEED Hag"seed`, n.

Defn: The offspring of a hag. Shak.

HAGSHIP Hag"ship, n.

Defn: The state or title of a hag. Middleton.

HAG-TAPER Hag"-ta`per, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.)

Defn: The great woolly mullein (Verbascum Thapsus).

HAGUEBUT Hague"but, n.

Defn: See Hagbut.

HAGUE TRIBUNAL Hague Tribunal.

Defn: The permanent court of arbitration created by the "International Convention for the Pacific Settle of International Disputes.", adopted by the International Peace Conference of 1899. It is composed of persons of known competency in questions of international law, nominated by the signatory powers. From these persons an arbitration tribunal is chosen by the parties to a difference submitted to the court. On the failure of the parties to agree directly on the arbitrators, each chooses two arbitrators, an umpire is selected by them, by a third power, or by two powers selected by the parties.

HAH Hah, interj.

Defn: Same as Ha.

HA-HA Ha-ha", n. Etym: [See Haw-haw.]

Defn: A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is close upon it. [Written also haw-haw.]

HAIDINGERITE Hai"ding*er*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime; — so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna.

HAIDUCK Hai"duck, n. Etym: [G. haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung. hajdu.]

Defn: Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts. [Written also hayduck, heiduc, heiduck, and heyduk.]

HAIK Haik, n. Etym: [Ar. haik, fr. haka to weave.]

Defn: A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment. [Written also hyke.] Heyse.

HAIKAL Hai"kal, n.

Defn: The central chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered curtain.

HAIKWAN Hai"kwan", n. [Chin. 'hai-kuan.]

Defn: Chinese maritime customs.

HAIKWAN TAEL Haikwan tael.

Defn: A Chinese weight ( 1/10 catty) equivalent to 1 1/3 oz. or 37.801 g.

HAIL Hail, n. Etym: [OE. hail, ha, AS. hægel; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. hagel; Icel. hagl; cf. Gr.

Defn: Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called hailstones. Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky. Milton.

HAIL Hail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halled; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] Etym: [OE. hailen, AS. haqalian.]

Defn: To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.

HAIL Hail, v. t.

Defn: To pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak.

HAIL Hail, a.

Defn: Healthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling).

HAIL Hail, v. t. Etym: [OE. hailen, heilen, Icel. heil hale, sound, used in greeting. See Hale sound.]

1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.

2. To name; to designate; to call. And such a son as all men hailed me happy. Milton.

HAIL Hail, v. i.

1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; — used with from; as, the steamer hails from New York.

2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; — with from. [Colloq.] G. G. Halpine.

HAIL Hail, interj. Etym: [See Hail, v. t.]

Defn: An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting. "Hail, brave friend." Shak. All hail. See in the Vocabulary. — Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave Maria.

HAIL Hail, n.

Defn: A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. "Their puissant hail." M. Arnold. The angel hail bestowed. Milton.

HAIL-FELLOW Hail"-fel`low, n.

Defn: An intimate companion. Hail-fellow well met. Lyly.

HAILSE Hailse, v. t. Etym: [OE. hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hall to call to.]

Defn: To greet; to salute. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

HAILSHOT Hail"shot`, n. pl.

Defn: Small shot which scatter like hailstones. [Obs.] Hayward.

HAILSTONE Hail"stone`, n.

Defn: A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail.

HAILSTORM Hail"storm`, n.

Defn: A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.

HAILY Hai"ly, a.

Defn: Of hail. "Haily showers." Pope.

HAIN Hain, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sw. hägn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge, fence. See Hedge.]

Defn: To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . . hained in." Holland.

HAIN Hain (han), v. t. [Cf. Sw. hägn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge, fence. See Hedge.]

Defn: To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . . hained in." Holland.

HAIN'T Hain't

Defn: . A contraction of have not or has not; as, I hain't, he hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also han't.]

HAIR Hair, n. Etym: [OE. her, heer, hær, AS. hær; akin to OFries, her, D. & G. haar, OHG. & Icel. har, Dan. haar, Sw. hår; cf. Lith. kasa.]

1. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.

2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin. Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs. Chaucer. And draweth new delights with hoary hairs. Spenser.

3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for stuffing cushions.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth.

5. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar).

6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm.

7. A haircloth. [Obc.] Chaucer.

8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth.

Note: Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as, hairbrush or hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair. Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain. [Obs.] "You go against the hair of your professions." Shak. — Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead. — Hair cells (Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. — Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw. — Hair glove, a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin. — Hair lace, a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head. Swift. — Hair line, a line made of hair; a very slender line. — Hair moth (Zoöl.), any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. — Hair pencil, a brush or fine hair, for painting; — generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a sable's hair pencil, etc. — Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire. — Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs. — Hair seal (Zoöl.), any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. — Hair seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. — Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance. — Hair sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom. — Hair snake. See Gordius. — Hair space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of type. — Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. — Hair trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. Farrow. — Not worth a hair, of no value. — To a hair, with the nicest distinction. — To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety.

HAIRBELL Hair"bell`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Harebell.

HAIRBIRD Hair"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chipping sparrow.

HAIRBRAINED Hair"brained`, a.

Defn: See Harebrained.

HAIRBREADTH; HAIR'SBREADTH Hair"breadth`, Hair's"breadth`, a.

Defn: The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch. Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and not miss. Judg. xx. 16

HAIRBREADTH Hair"breadth`, a.

Defn: Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a hairbreadth escape.

HAIR-BROWN Hair"-brown`, a.

Defn: Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green.

HAIRBRUSH Hair"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair.

HAIRCLOTH Hair"cloth`, n.

Defn: Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair.

HAIRDRESSER Hair"dress`er, n.

Defn: One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber.

HAIRED Haired, a.

1. Having hair. "A beast haired like a bear." Purchas.

2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired.

HAIREN Hai"ren, a. Etym: [AS. h.]

Defn: Hairy. [Obc.] His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet. J. Taylor.

HAIR GRASS Hair" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the Agrostis scabra, and several species of Aira or Deschampsia.

HAIRINESS Hair"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair. Johnson.

HAIRLESS Hair"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of hair. Shak.

HAIRPIN Hair"pin` (, n.

Defn: A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place, — used by women.

HAIR-SALT Hair"-salt`, n. Etym: [A translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers.

HAIRSPLITTER Hair"split`ter, n.

Defn: One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles. "The caviling hairsplitter." De Quincey.

HAIRSPLITTING Hair"split`ting, a.

Defn: Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning; subtle. — n.

Defn: The act or practice of making trivial distinctions. The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special pleading. Charles Sumner.

HAIRSPRING Hair"spring`, n. (Horology)

Defn: The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.

HAIRSTREAK Hair"streak`, n.

Defn: A butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the green hairstreak (T. rubi).

HAIRTAIL Hair"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine fishes of the genus Trichiurus; esp., T. lepterus of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also bladefish.

HAIRWORM Hair"worm`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A nematoid worm of the genus Gordius, resembling a hair. See Gordius.

HAIRY Hair"y, a.

Defn: Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute. His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge. Milton.

HAITIAN Hai"ti*an, a. & n.

Defn: See Haytian.

HAJE Ha"je, n. Etym: [Ar. hayya snake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Egyptian asp or cobra (Naja haje.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called Cleopatra's snake or asp. See Asp.

HAKE Hake, n. Etym: [See Hatch a half door.]

Defn: A drying shed, as for unburned tile.

HAKE Hake, n. [Also haak.] Etym: [Akin to Norweg. hakefisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. hake hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling.

HAKE Hake, v. t.

Defn: To loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

HAKE'S-DAME Hake's"-dame`, n.

Defn: See Forkbeard.

HAKETON Hak"e*ton, n.

Defn: Same as Acton. [Obs.]

HAKIM Ha*kim", n. Etym: [Ar. hakim.]

Defn: A wise man; a physician, esp. a Mohammedan. [India]

HAKIM Ha"kim, n. Etym: [Ar. hakim.]

Defn: A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge. [India]

HALACHA Ha*la"cha, n.; pl. Halachoth(Etym: [Heb. halachah.]

Defn: The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See Midrash.

HALATION Ha*la"tion, n. (Photog.)

Defn: An appearance as of a halo of light, surround the edges of dark object

HALBERD Hal"berd, n. Etym: [F. hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG. helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G. barte a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. beard; cf. Icel. bar, a kind of ax, skegg beard, skeggia a kind of halberd) + helm helmet; but cf. also MNG. helm, halm, handle, and E. helve. See Beard, Helmet.] (Mil.)

Defn: An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also halbert.]

HALBERDIER Hal`berd*ier", n. Etym: [F. hallebardier.]

Defn: One who is armed with a halberd. Strype.

HALBERD-SHAPED Hal"berd-shaped`, a.

Defn: Hastate.

HALCYON Hal"cy*on, n. Etym: [L. halcyon, alcyon, Gr.halcyon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia. Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a winter sea. Dryden.

HALCYON Hal"cy*on, a.

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice.

2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. "Deep, halcyon repose." De Quincy.

HALCYONIAN Hal`cy*o"ni*an, a.

Defn: Halcyon; calm.

HALCYONOID Hal"cy*o*noid, a. & n. Etym: [Halcyon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Alcyonoid.

HALE Hale, a. Etym: [Written also heil, Icel. heill; akin to E. whole. See Whole.]

Defn: Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body. Last year we thought him strong and hale. Swift.

HALE Hale, n.

Defn: Welfare. [Obs.] All heedless of his dearest hale. Spenser.

HALE Hale (hal or hall; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haled (hald or halld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haling.]

Defn: Etym: [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See Haul.]

Defn: To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer. Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore. Milton. As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim. Shelley.

HALESIA Ha*le"si*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American shrubs containing several species, called snowdrop trees, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.

HALF Half, a. Etym: [AS. healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side, part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G. halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel. halfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve, Behalf.]

1. Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a half dollar; a half view.

Note: The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.

2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a half dream; half knowledge. Assumed from thence a half consent. Tennyson. Half ape (Zoöl.), a lemur. — Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back. — Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch. — Half binding, a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather. — Half boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only. — Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of the half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines. — Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant. — Half cap, a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak. — A half cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch. — Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch. — Half hose, short stockings; socks. — Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of action. — Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve. — Half pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on half pay. — Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced. — Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b) (Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; — said of a file. — Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See Shift. — Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music. — Half tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood. — Half time, half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time system. — Half tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See Demitint. — Half truth, a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning. — Half year, the space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year.

HALF Half, adv.

Defn: In an equal part or degree; in some paas, half-colored, half done, half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. "Half loth and half consenting." Dryden. Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod. Neh. xiii. 24

HALF Half, n.; pl. Halves. Etym: [AS. healf. See Half, a.]

1. Part; side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif. The four halves of the house. Chaucer.

2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; — sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an apple. Not half his riches known, and yet despised. Milton. A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us. Tennyson. Better half. See under Better. — In half, in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of in or into halves; as, to cut in half. [Colloq.] Dickens. — In, or On, one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part. [Obs.] — To cry halves, to claim an equal share with another. — To go halves, to share equally between two.

HALF Half, v. t.

Defn: To halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton.

HALF-AND-HALF Half`-and-half", n.

Defn: A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts. Dickens.

HALFBEAK Half"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any slender, marine fish of the genus Hemirhamphus, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; — called also balahoo.

HALF BLOOD Half" blood`.

1. The relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the half blood. See Blood, n., 2 and 4.

2. A person so related to another.

3. A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half- breed.

Note: In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen.

HALF-BLOODED Half"-blood`ed, a.

1. Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a half-blooded sheep.

2. Degenerate; mean.

HALF-BOOT Half"-boot`, n.

Defn: A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See Cocker, and Congress boot, under Congress.

HALF-BOUND Half"-bound`, n.

Defn: Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book.

HALF-BRED Half"-bred`, a.

1. Half-blooded. [Obs.]

2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well trained. Atterbury.

HALF-BREED Half"-breed`, a.

Defn: Half-blooded.

HALF-BREED Half"-breed`, n.

Defn: A person who is blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white race.

HALF-BROTHER Half"-broth`er, n.

Defn: A brother by one parent, but not by both.

HALF-CASTE Half"-caste`, n.

Defn: One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as, half-caste parents.

HALF-CLAMMED Half"-clammed`, a.

Defn: Half-filled. [Obs.] Lions' half-clammed entrails roar food. Marston.

HALFCOCK Half"cock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halfcocked(); p. pr. & vb. n. Halfcocking.]

Defn: To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch. To go off halfcocked. (a) To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; — said of a firearm. (b) To do or say something without due thought or care. [Colloq. or Low]

HALF-CRACKED Half"-cracked`, a.

Defn: Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.]

HALF-DECK Half"-deck`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell of the genus Crepidula; a boat shell. See Boat shell.

2. See Half deck, under Deck.

HALF-DECKED Half"-decked`, a.

Defn: Partially decked. The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter Vikings. Elton.

HALFEN Half"en, a. Etym: [From Half.]

Defn: Wanting half its due qualities. [Obs.] Spencer.

HALFENDEAL Half"en*deal`, adv. Etym: [OE. halfendele. See Half, and Deal.]

Defn: Half; by the part. [Obs.] Chaucer. — n.

Defn: A half part. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

HALFER Half"er, n.

1. One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

2. A male fallow deer gelded. Pegge (1814).

HALF-FACED Half"-faced`, a.

Defn: Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager. Shak.

HALF-FISH Half"-fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon in its fifth year of growth. [Prov. Eng.]

HALF-HATCHED Half"-hatched`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched eggs. Gay.

HALF-HEARD Half"-heard`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly or partly heard to the end. And leave half-heard the melancholy tale. Pope.

HALF-HEARTED Half"-heart`ed, a.

1. Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind. B. Jonson.

2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm. H. James.

HALF-HOURLY Half"-hour`ly, a.

Defn: Done or happening at intervals of half an hour.

HALF-LEARNED Half"-learned`, a.

Defn: Imperfectly learned.

HALF-LENGTH Half"-length`, a.

Defn: Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.

HALF-MAST Half"-mast`, n.

Defn: A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a flag a half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.).

HALF-MOON Half"-moon`, n.

1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.

2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent. See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings. Milton.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon; — now called a ravelin.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (Cæsiosoma Californiense). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also medialuna.

HALF NELSON Half nelson. (Wrestling)

Defn: A hold in which one arm is thrust under the corresponding arm of the opponent, generally behind, and the hand placed upon the back of his neck. In the full nelson both hands are so placed.

HALFNESS Half"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being half; incompleteness. [R.] As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels the wrong. Emerson.

HALFPACE Half"pace`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See Quarterpace.

Note: This term and quartepace are rare or unknown in the United States, platform or landing being used instead.

HALF-PENNY Half"-pen*ny(ha"pen*ny or häf"-; 277),n.;pl. Half-pence (-pens) or Half-pennies(-pen*niz).

Defn: An English coin of the value of half a penny; also, the value of half a penny.

HALF-PIKE Half"-pike`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon. Tatler.

HALF-PORT Half"-port`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole.

HALF-RAY Half"-ray`, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions.

HALF-READ Half"-read`, a.

Defn: Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow. Dryden.

HALF SEAS OVER Half" seas` o`ver.

Defn: Half drunk. [Slang: used only predicatively.] Spectator.

HALF-SIGHTED Half"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment. Bacon.

HALF-SISTER Half"-sis`ter, n.

Defn: A sister by one parent only.

HALF-STRAINED Half"-strained`, a.

Defn: Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] "A half-strained villain." Dryden.

HALF-SWORD Half"-sword`, n.

Defn: Half the length of a sword; close fight. "At half-sword." Shak.

HALF-TIMBERED Half"-tim`bered, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with masonry; — said of buildings.

HALF TONE; HALF-TONE Half tone, or Half"-tone`, n.

1. (Fine Arts) (a) An intermediate or middle tone in a painting, engraving, photograph, etc.; a middle tint, neither very dark nor very light. (b) A half-tone photo-engraving.

2. (Music) A half step.

HALF-TONE Half"-tone`, a.

Defn: Having, consisting of, or pertaining to, half tones; specif. (Photo-engraving),

Defn: pertaining to or designating plates, processes, or the pictures made by them, in which gradation of tone in the photograph is reproduced by a graduated system of dotted and checkered spots, usually nearly invisible to the unaided eye, produced by the interposition between the camera and the object of a screen. The name alludes to the fact that this process was the first that was practically successful in reproducing the half tones of the photograph.

HALF-TONGUE Half"-tongue`, n. (O. Law)

Defn: A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens.

HALFWAY Half"way`, adv.

Defn: In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; as, he halfway yielded. Temples proud to meet their gods halfway. Young.

HALFWAY Half"way`, a.

Defn: Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway. Halfway covenant, a practice among the Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism. — Halfway house, an inn or place of call midway on a journey.

HALF-WIT Half"-wit`, n.

Defn: A foolish; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce. Dryden.

HALF-WITTED Half"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Weak in intellect; silly.

HALF-YEARLY Half"-year`ly, a.

Defn: Two in a year; semiannual. — adv. Twice in a year; semiannually.

HALIBUT Hal"i*but (;277), n. Etym: [OE. hali holy + but, butte, flounder; akin to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D. heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as being eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family Pleuronectidæ. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.]

HALICHONDRIAE Hal`i*chon"dri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; — called also Keratosilicoidea.

HALICORE Hal"i*core (; L.), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Dugong.

HALIDOM Hal"i*dom, n. Etym: [AS. haligd holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics; halig holy + -d, E. -dom. See Holy.]

1. Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; — used chiefly in oaths. [Archaic] So God me help and halidom. Piers Plowman. By my halidom, I was fast asleep. Shak.

2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.] Shipley.

HALIEUTICS Hal`i*eu"tics, n. Etym: [L. halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr.

Defn: A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology.

HALIMAS; HALMAS Ha`li"mas, Hal"mas, a. Etym: [See Hallowmas.]

Defn: The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas. [Obs.]

HALIOGRAPHER Ha`li*og"ra*pher ( or ), n.

Defn: One who writes about or describes the sea.

HALIOGRAPHY Ha`li*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea.

HALIOTIS Ha`li*o"tis ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See Abalone.

HALIOTOID Ha"li*o*toid` ( or ), a. Etym: [Haliots + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Haliotis; ear-shaped.

HALISAURIA Hal`i*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The Enaliosauria.

HALITE Ha"lite ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native salt; sodium chloride.

HALITUOUS Ha*lit"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare to breathe: cf. F. halitueux.]

Defn: Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous. Boyle.

HALK Halk, n.

Defn: A nook; a corner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HALL Hall, n. Etym: [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS. & OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. hölt, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See Hell, Helmet.]

1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London.

2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping apartment. Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall. Chaucer. Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building.

3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell.

4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college).

5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock.

6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; — formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] "A hall! a hall!" B. Jonson.

Syn. — Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.

HALLAGE Hall"age (; 48), n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall.

HALLELUIAH; HALLELUJAH Hal`le*lu"iah, Hal`le*lu"jah, n. & interj. Etym: [Heb. See Alleluia.]

Defn: Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; — an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. ) So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs. Milton. In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs." Sharp.

HALLELUJATIC Hal`le*lu*jat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs. [R.]

HALLIARD Hal"liard, n.

Defn: See Halyard.

HALLIDOME Hal"li*dome, n.

Defn: Same as Halidom.

HALLIER Hal"li*er ( or ), n. Etym: [From Hale to pull.]

Defn: A kind of net for catching birds.

HALL-MARK Hall"-mark`, n.

Defn: The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; — as, a word or phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers.

HALLOA Hal*loa".

Defn: See Halloo.

HALLOO Hal*loo", n. Etym: [Perh. fr. ah + lo; cf. AS. eala, G. halloh, F. haler to set (a dog) on. Cf. Hollo, interj.]

Defn: A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout. List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air. Milton.

HALLOO Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hallooed; p. pr. & vb. n. Halloing.]

Defn: To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word halloo. Country folks hallooed and hooted after me. Sir P. Sidney.

HALLOO Hal*loo", v. t.

1. To encourage with shouts. Old John hallooes his hounds again. Prior.

2. To chase with shouts or outcries. If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare. Shak.

3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak.

HALLOO Hal*loo", interj. Etym: [OE. halow. See Halloo, n.]

Defn: An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one.

HALLOW Hal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hallowed(); p. pr. & vb. n. Hallowing.] Etym: [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. halgian, fr. halig holy. See Holy.]

Defn: To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. "Hallowed be thy name." Matt. vi. 9. Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 24. His secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton. In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg]. A. Lincoln.

HALLOWEEN Hal`low*een", n.

Defn: The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.] Burns.

HALLOWMAS Hal"low*mas, n. Etym: [See Mass the eucharist.]

Defn: The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows. To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas. Shak.

HALLOYSITE Hal*loy"site, n. Etym: [Named after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.)

Defn: A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish color.

HALLSTATT; HALLSTATTIAN Hall"statt, Hall*stat"ti*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to Hallstatt, Austria, or the Hallstatt civilization. — Hallstatt, or Hallstattian, civilization, a prehistoric civilization of central Europe, variously dated at from 1000 to 1500 b. c. and usually associated with the Celtic or Alpine race. It was characterized by expert use of bronze, a knowledge of iron, possession of domestic animals, agriculture, and artistic skill and sentiment in manufacturing pottery, ornaments, etc.

The Hallstattian civilization flourished chiefly in Carinthia, southern Germany, Switzerland, Bohemia, Silesia, Bosnia, the southeast of France, and southern Italy. J. Deniker.

— H. epoch, the first iron age, represented by the Hallstatt civilization.

HALLUCAL Hal"lu*cal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hallux.

HALLUCINATE Hal*lu"ci*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p. of hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.]

Defn: To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; — used of mental processes. [R.] Byron.

HALLUCINATION Hal*lu`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. hallucinatio cf. F. hallucination.]

1. The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a blunder. This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber. Addison.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The perception of objects which have no reality, or of sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from disorder or the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion. Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are common phenomena of insanity. W. A. Hammond.

HALLUCINATOR Hal*lu"ci*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his hallucinations. N. Brit. Rev.

HALLUCINATORY Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.

HALLUX Hal"lux, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.)

Defn: The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds.

HALM Halm, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Haulm.

HALMA Hal"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek Antiq.)

Defn: The long jump, with weights in the hands, — the most important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.

HALO Ha"lo, n.; pl. Halos(. Etym: [L. halos, acc. halo, Gr. volvere, and E. voluble.]

1. A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions.

2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus.

3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object.

4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.

HALO Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Haloed; p. pr. & vb. n. Haloing.]

Defn: To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo. The fire That haloed round his saintly brow. Sothey.

HALOED Ha"loed, a.

Defn: Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified. Some haloed face bending over me. C. Bronté.

HALOGEN Hal"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf. F. halogène.] (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See Chlorine family, under Chlorine.

HALOGENOUS Ha*log"e*nous, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a halogen.

HALOID Ha"loid ( or ), a. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf. F. cal.] (Chem.)

Defn: Resembling salt; — said of certain binary compounds consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides. — n.

Defn: A haloid substance.

HALOMANCY Hal"o*man`cy, n.

Defn: See Alomancy.

HALOMETER Ha*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer.

HALONES Ha*lo"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the hen and other birds.

HALOPHYTE Hal"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + (Bot.)

Defn: A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea.

HALOSCOPE Ha"lo*scope, n. Etym: [Halo + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like.

HALOTRICHITE Hal*o*tri"chite, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls sea + fri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Min.)

Defn: An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color.

HALOXYLINE Ha*lox"y*line, n. Etym: [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.]

Defn: An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder.

HALP Halp, imp. of Help.

Defn: Helped. [Obs.]

HALPACE Hal"pace, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Haut pas.

HALS Hals, n. Etym: [AS. heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See Collar.]

Defn: The neck or throat. [Obs.] Do me hangen by the hals. Chaucer.

HALSE Halse, v. t. Etym: [AS. healsian.]

1. To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet. [Obs.] Each other kissed glad And lovely halst. Spenser.

2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat. [Obs.] O dere child, I halse thee, In virtue of the Holy Trinity. Chaucer.

HALSE Halse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halsed (hlst); p. pr. & vb. n. Halsing.] Etym: [Cf. Hawser.]

Defn: To haul; to hoist. [Obs.]

HALSENING Hal"sen*ing, a.

Defn: Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough. [Obs.] Carew.

HALSER Hals"er, n.

Defn: See Hawser. Pope.

HALT Halt,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HALT Halt, n. Etym: [Formerly alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr. halten to hold. See Hold.]

Defn: A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress. Without any halt they marched. Clarendon. [Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon make a halt. Davenant.

HALT Halt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.]

1. To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still.

2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to h How long halt ye between two opinions 1 Kings xviii. 21

HALT Halt, v. t. (Mil.)

Defn: To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general halted his troops for refreshment.

HALT Halt, a. Etym: [AS. healt; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel. haltr, halltr, Goth. halts, OHG. halz.]

Defn: Halting or stopping in walking; lame. Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind. Luke xiv. 21.

HALT Halt, n.

Defn: The act of limping; lameness.

HALT Halt, v. i. Etym: [OE. halten, AS. healtian. See Halt, a.]

1. To walk lamely; to limp.

2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective. The blank verse shall halt for it. Shak.

HALTER Halt"er, n.

Defn: One who halts or limps

HALTER Hal"ter, n. Etym: [OE. halter, helter, helfter, AS. hælftre; akin to G. halfter, D. halfter, halster, and also to E. helve. See Helve.]

Defn: A strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose. Shak. No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law. Trumbull.

HALTER Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Haltering.]

Defn: To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. "A haltered neck." Shak.

HALTERES Hal*te"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Balancers; the rudimentary hind wings of Diptera.

HALTER-SACK Hal"ter-sack`, n.

Defn: A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HALTINGLY Halt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a halting or limping manner.

HALVANS Hal"vans, n. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Impure ore; dirty ore.

HALVE Hal"ve, n.

Defn: A half. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HALVE Halve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halved; p. pr. & vb. n. Halving.] Etym: [From Half.]

1. To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve an apple; to be or form half of. So far apart their lives are thrown From the twin soul that halves their own. M. Arnold.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.

HALVED Halved, a.

Defn: Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate.

HALVES Halves, n.,

Defn: pl. of Half. By halves, by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially; incompletely. I can not believe by halves; either I have faith, or I have it not. J. H. Newman. To go halves. See under Go.

HALWE Hal"we, n. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. halga. See Holy.]

Defn: A saint. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAL'YARD; HALYARD Hal'yard, n. Etym: [Hale, v. t. + yard.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. [Written also halliard, haulyard.]

HALYSITES Hal`y*si"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See Chain coral, under Chain.

HAM Ham, n.

Defn: Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer.

HAM Ham, n. Etym: [AS. ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G. hamme, OHG. hamma. Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf. Gammon ham.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.

2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking. A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak ham. Shak.

HAMADRYAD Ham"a*dry`ad, n.; pl. E. Hamadryads, L. Hamadryades. Etym: [L. Hamadryas, -adis, Gr. hamadryade. See Same, and Tree.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large venomous East Indian snake (Orhiophagus bungarus), allied to the cobras.

HAMADRYAS Ha*ma"dry*as, n. Etym: [L., a hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus Hamadryas).

HAMAL Ha*mal", n. [Written also hammal, hummaul, hamaul, khamal, etc.] [Turk. & Ar. hammal, fr. Ar. hamala to carry.]

Defn: In Turkey and other Oriental countries, a porter or burden bearer; specif., in Western India, a palanquin bearer.

HAMAMELIS Ham`a*me"lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (Hamamelis Virginica), a preparation of which is used medicinally.

HAMATE Ha"mate, a. Etym: [L. hamatus, fr. hamus hook.]

Defn: Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.

HAMATED Ha"ma*ted, a.

Defn: Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate. Swift.

HAMATUM Ha*ma"tum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Unciform.

HAMBLE Ham"ble, v. t. Etym: [OE. hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to OHG. hamal to mutilate, hamal mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla to mutilate. Cf.Ham to fetter.]

Defn: To hamstring. [Obs.]

HAMBURG Ham"burg, n.

Defn: A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. — Hamburg , a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; — used for trimming. — Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.

HAME Hame, n.

Defn: Home. [Scot. & O. Eng.]

HAME Hame, n. Etym: [Scot. haims, hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D. haam.]

Defn: One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them.

HAMEL Ham"el, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Hamele.

HAMESECKEN; HAMESUCKEN Hame"seck`en, Hame"suck`en, n. Etym: [AS. hams. See Home, and Seek.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house. Bouvier.

HAMFATTER Ham"fat`ter, n. [From a negro minstrel song called "The ham-fat man."]

Defn: A low-grade actor or performer. [Theatrical Slang]

HAMIFORM Ha"mi*form, n. Etym: [L. hamus hook + -form.]

Defn: Hook-shaped.

HAMILTON PERIOD Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; — so named from Hamilton, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of Geology.

HAMINURA Ham`i*nu"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large edible river fish (Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana.

HAMITE Ha"mite, n.Etym: [L. hamus hook.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cephalopod of the genus Hamites, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form.

HAMITE Ham"ite, n.

Defn: A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20.

HAMITIC Ham*it"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Ham or his descendants. Hamitic languages, the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Somâli Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic. Keith Johnson.

HAMLET Ham"let, n. Etym: [OWE. hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of hamel, F. hameau, LL. hamellum, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home. sq. root220. See Home.]

Defn: A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country. The country wasted, and the hamlets burned. Dryden.

Syn. — Village; neighborhood. See Village.

HAMLETED Ham"let*ed, p. a.

Defn: Confined to a hamlet. Feltham.

HAMMER Ham"mer, n. Etym: [OE. hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to D. hamer, G. & Dan. hammer, Sw. hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr. a stone.]

1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle. With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak.

2. Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (Gun.)

Defn: That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming. (e) Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of heresies. He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron hammers" of the whole earth. J. H. Newman. Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air. — Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. — Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. — Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. — Hammer shell (Zoöl.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; — called also hammer oyster. — To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction.

HAMMER Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hammered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hammering.]

1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron.

2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. "Hammered money." Dryden.

3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; — usually with out. Who was hammering out a penny dialogue. Jeffry.

HAMMER Ham"mer, v. i.

1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer. Whereon this month I have hammering. Shak.

2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively. Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shak.

HAMMERABLE Ham"mer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer. Sherwood.

HAMMER-BEAM Ham"mer-beam`, n. (Cothic Arch.)

Defn: A member of one description of roof truss, called hammer-beam truss, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.

HAMMER BREAK Ham"mer break. (Elec.)

Defn: An interrupter in which contact is broken by the movement of an automatically vibrating hammer between a contact piece and an electromagnet, or of a rapidly moving piece mechanically driven.

HAMMERCLOTH Ham"mer*cloth`, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy, tester (akin to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven) + E. cloth; or perh. a corruption of hamper cloth.]

Defn: The cloth which covers a coach box.

HAMMER-DRESSED Ham"mer-dressed`, a.

Defn: Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's hammer; — said of building stone.

HAMMERER Ham"mer*er, n.

Defn: One who works with a hammer.

HAMMER-HARDEN Ham"mer-hard`en, v. t.

Defn: To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.

HAMMERHEAD Ham"mer*head`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shark of the genus Sphyrna or Zygæna, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The Sphyrna zygæna is found in the North Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and balance fish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); — so called from its large blunt nozzle.

HAMMERKOP Ham"mer*kop, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the Heron family; the umber.

HAMMER-LESS Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms)

Defn: Without a visible hammer; — said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch.

HAMMER LOCK Hammer lock. (Wrestling)

Defn: A hold in which an arm of one contestant is held twisted and bent behind his back by his opponent.

HAMMERMAN Ham"mer*man, n.; pl. Hammermen (.

Defn: A hammerer; a forgeman.

HAMMOCHRYSOS Ham`mo*chry"sos, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. chryso`s gold.]

Defn: A stone with spangles of gold color in it.

HAMMOCK Ham"mock, n. Etym: [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep."]

1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.

2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett. Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose.

HAMOSE; HAMOUS Ha*mose", Ha"mous,Etym: [L. hamus hook.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the end hooked or curved.

HAMPER Ham"per, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. hanaper.]

Defn: A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels.

HAMPER Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hampering.]

Defn: To put in a hamper.

HAMPER Ham"per, v. t. Etym: [OE. hamperen, hampren, prob. of the same origin as E. hamble.]

Defn: To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber. "Hampered nerves." Blackmore. A lion hampered in a net. L'Estrange. They hamper and entangle our souls. Tillotson.

HAMPER Ham"per, n. Etym: [See Hamper to shackle.]

1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.

HAMSHACKLE Ham"shac`kle, v. t. Etym: [Ham + shackle.]

Defn: To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; as, to hamshackle a horse or cow; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb.

HAMSTER Ham"ster, n. Etym: [G. hamster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.

HAMSTRING Ham"string`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.

HAMSTRING Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n. Hamstringing. See String.]

Defn: To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable. So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home. Milton.

HAMULAR Ham"u*lar, a.

Defn: Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular process of the sphenoid bone.

HAMULATE Ham"u*late, a.

Defn: Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped. Gray.

HAMULE Ham"ule, n. Etym: [L. hamulus.]

Defn: A little hook.

HAMULOSE Ham"u*lose", a. Etym: [L. hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.]

Defn: Bearing a small hook at the end. Gray.

HAMULUS Ham"u*lus, n.; pl. Hamuli (. Etym: [L., a little hook.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A hook, or hooklike process.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hooked barbicel of a feather.

HAN Han, Etym: contr. inf. & plural pres. of Haven.

Defn: To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Him thanken all, and thus they han an end. Chaucer.

HANAP Han"ap, n. Etym: [F. hanap. See Hanaper.]

Defn: A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions. [Obs.]

HANAPER Han"a*per, n. Etym: [LL. hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanaus vase, bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf. ONG. hnapf, G. napf, akin to AS. hnæp cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper, Nappy, n.]

Defn: A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of articles; a hamper. Hanaper office, an office of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper. Blackstone.

HANCE Hance, v. t. Etym: [See Enhance.]

Defn: To raise; to elevate. [Obs.] Lydgate.

HANCE; HANCH Hance, Hanch,Etym: [See Hanse.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: See Hanse.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway.

HAND Hand, n. Etym: [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. hönd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.). Cf. Hunt.]

1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See Manus.

2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand; as: (a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock.

3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, — four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.

4. Side; part; direction, either right or left. On this hand and that hand, were hangings. Ex. xxxviii. 15. The Protestants were then on the winning hand. Milton.

5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity. He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator. Addison.

6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance. To change the hand in carrying on the war. Clarendon. Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand. Judges vi. 36.

7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking. A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for. Locke. I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile. Hazlitt.

8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or running hand. Hence, a signature. I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention and his hand. Shak. Some writs require a judge's hand. Burril.

9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; — usually in the plural. "Receiving in hand one year's tribute." Knolles. Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the goverment of Britain. Milton.

10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new.

11. Rate; price. [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear hand, where there is small dispatch." Bacon.

12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as: (a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer. (b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together.

13. (Firearms)

Defn: The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim.

Note: Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: (a) Activity; operation; work; — in distinction from the head, which implies thought, and the heart, which implies affection. "His hand will be against every man." Gen. xvi. 12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; — often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you." Ezek. xx. 33.(c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the right hand. (d) Contract; — commonly of marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the hand.