BOOK MUSLIN Book" mus`lin. (continued 5)

Defn: One who buffets; a boxer. Jonson.

BUFFETING Buf"fet*ing, n.

1. A striking with the hand.

2. A succession of blows; continued violence, as of winds or waves; afflictions; adversity. He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but . . . fitted to endure the buffeting on the rudest storm. Wirt.

BUFFIN Buf"fin, n. Etym: [So called from resembling buff

Defn: A sort of coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns. [Obs.]

BUFFING APPARATUS Buff"ing ap`pa*ra"tus.

Defn: See Buffer, 1.

BUFFLE Buf"fle, n. Etym: [OE., from F. buffle. See Buffalo.]

Defn: The buffalo. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

BUFFLE Buf"fle, v. i.

Defn: To puzzle; to be at a loss. [Obs.] Swift.

BUFFLEHEAD Buf"fle*head`, n. Etym: [Buffle + head.]

1. One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow. [Obs.] What makes you stare so, bufflehead Plautus (trans. 1694).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck. See Buffel duck.

BUFFLE-HEADED Buf"fle-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering. [Obs.] So fell this buffle-headed giant. Gayton.

BUFFO Buf"fo, n.masc. Etym: [It. See Buffoon.] (Mus.)

Defn: The comic actor in an opera.

BUFFOON Buf*foon", n. Etym: [F. bouffon (cf. It. buffone, buffo, buffa, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr. bouffer to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See Buffet a blow.]

Defn: A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merry-andrew.

BUFFOON Buf*foon", a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon. "Buffoon stories." Macaulay. To divert the audience with buffoon postures and antic dances. Melmoth.

BUFFOON Buf*foon", v. i.

Defn: To act the part of a buffoon. [R.]

BUFFOON Buf*foon", v. t.

Defn: To treat with buffoonery. Glanvill.

BUFFOONERY Buf*foon"er*y, n.; pl. Buffooneries. Etym: [F. bouffonnerie.]

Defn: The arts and practices of a buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and postures. Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart piece of buffoonery with a "What makes you blush" Spectator.

BUFFOONISH Buf*foon"ish, a.

Defn: Like a buffoon; consisting in low jests or gestures. Blair.

BUFFOONISM Buf*foon"ism, n.

Defn: The practices of a buffoon; buffoonery.

BUFFOONLY Buf*foon"ly, a.

Defn: Low; vulgar. [R.] Apish tricks and buffoonly discourse. Goodman.

BUFFY Buff"y, a. (Med.)

Defn: Resembling, or characterized by, buff. Buffy coat, the coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum appears nearly colorless. This is common in diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser masses than usual. Huxley.

BUFO Bu"fo, n. Etym: [L. bufo a toad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Amphibia including various species of toads.

BUFONITE Bu"fon*ite, n. Etym: [L. bufo toad: cf. F. bufonite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the oölite and chalk formations; toadstone; — so named from a notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad.

BUG Bug, n. Etym: [OE. bugge, fr. W. bwg, bwgan, hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. Bogey, Boggle.]

1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.] Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. lectularius). See Bedbug.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of various species of Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato bug, etc.; loosely, any beetle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of certain kinds of Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug; bait bug; salve bug, etc.

Note: According to present popular usage in England, and among housekeepers in America, bug, when not joined with some qualifying word, is used specifically for bedbug. As a general term it is used very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England. "God's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest bug that creeps." Rogers (Naaman). "This bug with gilded wings." Pope. Bait bug. See under Bait. — Bug word, swaggering or threatening language. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BUGABOO; BUGBEAR Bug`a*boo", Bug"bear`, n. Etym: [See Bug.]

Defn: Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. "Bugaboos to fright ye." Lloyd. But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a small estate. Pope. The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S. B. Griffin. The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J. Burroughs.

Syn. — Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.

BUGBANE Bug"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial white-flowered herb of the order Ranunculaceæ and genus Cimiciguga; bugwort. There are several species.

BUGBEAR Bug"bear`, n.

Defn: Same as Bugaboo. — a.

Defn: Causing needless fright. Locke.

BUGBEAR Bug"bear`, v. t.

Defn: To alarm with idle phantoms.

BUGFISH Bug"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menhaden. [U.S.]

BUGGER Bug"ger, n. Etym: [F. bougre, fr. LL. Bulgarus, a Bulgarian, and also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called heretics, because in the eyes of their adversaries there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to heretics.]

1. One guilty of buggery or unnatural vice; a sodomite.

2. A wretch; — sometimes used humorously or in playful disparagement. [Low]

BUGGERY Bug"ger*y, n. Etym: [OF. bougrerie, bogrerie, heresy. See Bugger.]

Defn: Unnatural sexual intercourse; sodomy.

BUGGINESS Bug"gi*ness, n. Etym: [From Buggy, a.]

Defn: The state of being infested with bugs.

BUGGY Bug"gy, a. Etym: [From Bug.]

Defn: Infested or abounding with bugs.

BUGGY Bug"gy, n.; pl. Buggies.

1. A light one horse two-wheeled vehicle. [Eng.] Villebeck prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race in a buggy. Beaconsfield.

2. A light, four-wheeled vehicle, usually with one seat, and with or without a calash top. [U.S.] Buggy cultivator, a cultivator with a seat for the driver. — Buggy plow, a plow, or set of plows, having a seat for the driver; — called also sulky plow.

BUGLE Bu"gle, n. Etym: [OE. bugle buffalo, buffalo's horn, OF. bugle, fr. L. buculus a young bullock, steer, dim. of bos ox. See Cow the animal.]

Defn: A sort of wild ox; a buffalo. E. Phillips.

BUGLE Bu"gle, n. Etym: [See Bugle a wild ox.]

1. A horn used by hunters.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A copper instrument of the horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet, sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; — called also the Kent bugle.

BUGLE Bu"gle, n. Etym: [LL. bugulus a woman's ornament: cf. G. bügel a bent piece of metal or wood, fr. the same root as G. biegen to bend, E. bow to bend.]

Defn: An elingated glass bead, of various colors, though commonly black.

BUGLE Bu"gle, a. Etym: [From Bugle a bead.]

Defn: Jet black. "Bugle eyeballs." Shak.

BUGLE Bu"gle, n. Etym: [F. bugle; cf. It. bugola, L. bugillo.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ajuga of the Mint family, a native of the Old World. Yellow bugle, the Ajuga chamæpitys.

BUGLED Bu"gled, a.

Defn: Ornamented with bugles.

BUGLE HORN Bu"gle horn`.

1. A bugle. One blast upon his bugle horn Were worth a thousand men. Sir W. Scott.

2. A drinking vessel made of horn. [Obs.] And drinketh of his bugle horn the wine. Chaucer.

BUGLER Bu"gler, n.

Defn: One who plays on a bugle.

BUGLEWEED Bu"gle*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Mint family and genus Lycopus; esp. L. Virginicus, which has mild narcotic and astringent properties, and is sometimes used as a remedy for hemorrhage.

BUGLOSS Bu"gloss, n.; pl. Buglosses. Etym: [F. buglosse, L. buglossa, buglossus, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Anchusa, and especially the A. officinalis, sometimes called alkanet; oxtongue. Small wild bugloss, the Asperugo procumbens and the Lycopsis arvensis. — Viper's bugloss, a species of Echium.

BUGWORT Bug"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Bugbane.

BUHL; BUHLWORK Buhl, Buhl"work, n. Etym: [From A.Ch.Boule, a French carver in wood.]

Defn: Decorative woodwork in which tortoise shell, yellow metal, white metal, etc., are inlaid, forming scrolls, cartouches, etc. [Written also boule, boulework.]

BUHLBUHL Buhl"buhl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bulbul.

BUHRSTONE Buhr"stone`, n. Etym: [OE. bur a whetstone for scythes.] (Min.)

Defn: A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones. [Written also burrstone.]

BUILD Build, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Built; p. pr. & vb. n. Building. The regular imp. & p. p. Builded is antiquated.] Etym: [OE. bulden, bilden, AS. byldan to build, fr. bold house; cf. Icel. bol farm, abode, Dan. bol small farm, OSw. bol, böle, house, dwelling, fr. root of Icel. b to dwell; akin to E. be, bower, boor. sq. root97.]

1. To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind; to form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to fabricate; to make; to raise. Nor aught availed him now To have built in heaven high towers. Milton.

2. To raise or place on a foundation; to form, establish, or produce by using appropriate means. Who builds his hopes in air of your good looks. Shak.

3. To increase and strengthen; to increase the power and stability of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; — frequently with up; as, to build up one's constitution. I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up. Acts xx. 32.

Syn. — To erect; construct; raise; found; frame.

BUILD Build, v. i.

1. To exercise the art, or practice the business, of building.

2. To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground one's self or one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed reliable; to rely; as, to build on the opinions or advice of others.

BUILD Build, n.

Defn: Form or mode of construction; general figure; make; as, the build of a ship.

BUILDER Build"er, n.

Defn: One who builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a shipwright, or a mason. In the practice of civil architecture, the builder comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans who execute it. Eng. Cyc.

BUILDING Build"ing, n.

1. The act of constructing, erecting, or establishing. Hence it is that the building of our Sion rises no faster. Bp. Hall.

2. The art of constructing edifices, or the practice of civil architecture. The execution of works of architecture necessarily includes building; but building is frequently employed when the result is not architectural. Hosking.

3. That which is built; a fabric or edifice constructed, as a house, a church, etc. Thy sumptuous buildings and thy wife's attire Have cost a mass of public treasury. Shak.

BUILT Built, n.

Defn: Shape; build; form of structure; as, the built of a ship. [Obs.] Dryden.

BUILT Built, a.

Defn: Formed; shaped; constructed; made; — often used in composition and preceded by the word denoting the form; as, frigate-built, clipper-built, etc. Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly built. Landor.

BUKE MUSLIN Buke" mus"lin.

Defn: See Book muslin.

BUKSHISH Buk"shish, n.

Defn: See Backsheesh.

BULAU Bu"lau, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian insectivorous mammal (Gymnura Rafflesii), somewhat like a rat in appearance, but allied to the hedgehog.

BULB Bulb, n. Etym: [L. bulbus, Gr. bulbe.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A spheroidal body growing from a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which is strictly a bud, consisting of a cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs from a corm in not being solid.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; as, the bulb of the aorta. Bulb of the eye, the eyeball. — Bulb of a hair, the "root," or part whence the hair originates. — Bulb of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata, often called simply bulb. — Bulb of a tooth, the vascular and nervous papilla contained in the cavity of the tooth.

3. An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube, as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc. Tomlinson.

BULB Bulb, v. i.

Defn: To take the shape of a bulb; to swell.

BULBACEOUS Bul*ba"ceous, a. Etym: [L. bulbaceus. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: Bulbous. Jonson.

BULBAR Bulb"ar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to bulb; especially, in medicine, pertaining to the bulb of the spinal cord, or medulla oblongata; as, bulbar paralysis.

BULBED Bulbed, a.

Defn: Having a bulb; round-headed.

BULBEL Bulb"el, n. Etym: [Dim., fr. bulb, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A separable bulb formed on some flowering plants.

BULBIFEROUS Bul*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ -ferous: cf. F. bulbifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing bulbs.

BULBIL Bulb"il, n. [Dim. fr. bulb.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A small or secondary bulb; hence, now almost exclusively: An aërial bulb or deciduous bud, produced in the leaf axils, as in the tiger lily, or relpacing the flowers, as in some onions, and capable, when separated, of propagating the plant; — called also bulblet and brood bud.

2. (Anat.) A small hollow bulb, such as an enlargement in a small vessel or tube.

BULBLET Bulb"let, n. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ -let.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small bulb, either produced on a larger bulb, or on some aërial part of a plant, as in the axils of leaves in the tiger lily, or replacing the flowers in some kinds of onion.

BULBOSE Bul*bose", a.

Defn: Bulbous.

BULBO-TUBER Bul"bo-tu`ber, n. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ tuber.] (Bot.)

Defn: A corm.

BULBOUS Bulb"ous, a. Etym: [L. bulbosus: cf. F. bulbeux. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: Having or containing bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs; bulblike in shape or structure.

BULBUL Bul"bul, n. Etym: [Per.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Persian nightingale (Pycnonotus jocosus). The name is also applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family Timaliidæ. The green bulbuls belong to the Chloropsis and allied genera. [Written also buhlbuhl.]

BULBULE Bul"bule, n. Etym: [L. bulbulus, dim. of bulbus. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: A small bulb; a bulblet.

BULCHIN Bul"chin, n. Etym: [Dim. of bull.]

Defn: A little bull.

BULGE Bulge, n. Etym: [OE. bulge a swelling; cf. AS. belgan to swell, OSw. bulgja, Icel. bolginn swollen, OHG. belgan to swell, G. bulge leathern sack, Skr. b to be large, strong; the root meaning to swell. Cf. Bilge, Belly, Billow, Bouge, n.]

1. The bilge or protuberant part of a cask.

2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, esp. when caused by pressure; as, a bulge in a wall.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The bilge of a vessel. See Bilge, 2. Bulge ways. (Naut.) See Bilge ways.

BULGE Bulge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bulged (; p. pr. & vb.n. Bulging.]

1. To swell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to pressure; to be protuberant; as, the wall bulges.

2. To bilge, as a ship; to founder. And scattered navies bulge on distant shores. Broome.

BULGER Bul"ger, n. [From Bulge.] (Golf)

Defn: A driver or a brassy with a convex face.

BULGY Bul"gy, a.

Defn: Bulged; bulging; bending, or tending to bend, outward. [Colloq.]

BULIMIA; BULIMY Bu*lim"i*a, Bu"li*my, n. Etym: [NL. bulimia, fr. Gr. boulimie.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease in which there is a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food; a diseased and voracious appetite.

BULIMUS Bu*li"mus, n. Etym: [L. bulimus hunger. See Bulimy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of land snails having an elongated spiral shell, often of large size. The species are numerous ingabundant in tropical America.

BULK Bulk, n. Etym: [OE. bulke, bolke, heap; cf. Dan. bulk lump, clod, OSw. bolk crowd, mass, Icel. b to be bulky. Cf. Boll, n., Bile a boil, Bulge, n.]

1. Magnitude of material substance; dimensions; mass; size; as, an ox or ship of great bulk. Against these forces there were prepared near one hundred ships; not so great of bulk indeed, but of a more nimble motion, and more serviceable. Bacon.

2. The main mass or body; the largest or principal portion; the majority; as, the bulk of a debt. The bulk of the people must labor, Burke told them, "to obtain what by labor can be obtained." J. Morley.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The cargo of a vessel when stowed.

4. The body. [Obs.] Shak. My liver leaped within my bulk. Turbervile. Barrel bulk. See under Barrel. — To break bulk (Naut.), to begin to unload or more the cargo. — In bulk, in a mass; loose; not inclosed in separate packages or divided into separate parts; in such shape that any desired quantity may be taken or sold. — Laden in bulk, Stowed in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks. — Sale by bulk, a sale of goods as they are, without weight or measure.

Syn. — Size; magnitude; dimension; volume; bigness; largeness; massiveness.

BULK Bulk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bulked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bulking.]

Defn: To appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell. The fame of Warburton possibly bulked larger for the moment. Leslie Stephen.

BULK Bulk, n. Etym: [Icel. balkr a beam, partition. Cf. Balk, n. & v.]

Defn: A projecting part of a building. [Obs.] Here, stand behind this bulk. Shak.

BULKER Bulk"er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A person employed to ascertain the bulk or size of goods, in order to fix the amount of freight or dues payable on them.

BULKHEAD Bulk"head`, n. Etym: [See Bulk part of a building.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A partition in a vessel, to separate apartments on the same deck.

2. A structure of wood or stone, to resist the pressure of earth or water; a partition wall or structure, as in a mine; the limiting wall along a water front. Bulked line, a line beyond which a wharf must not project; — usually, the harbor line.

BULKINESS Bulk"i*ness, n.

Defn: Greatness in bulk; size.

BULKY Bulk"y, a.

Defn: Of great bulk or dimensions; of great size; large; thick; massive; as, bulky volumes. A bulky digest of the revenue laws. Hawthorne.

BULL Bull, n. Etym: [OE. bule, bul, bole; akin to D. bul, G. bulle, Icel. boli, Lith. bullus, Lett. bollis, Russ. vol'; prob. fr. the root of AS. bellan, E. bellow.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of any species of cattle (Bovidæ); hence, the male of any large quadruped, as the elephant; also, the male of the whale.

Note: The wild bull of the Old Testament is thought to be the oryx, a large species of antelope.

2. One who, or that which, resembles a bull in character or action. Ps. xxii. 12.

3. (Astron.) (a) Taurus, the second of the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b) A constellation of the zodiac between Aries and Gemini. It contains the Pleiades. At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun, And the bright Bull receives him. Thomson.

4. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: One who operates in expectation of a rise in the price of stocks, or in order to effect such a rise. See 4th Bear, n., 5. Bull baiting, the practice of baiting bulls, or rendering them furious, as by setting dogs to attack them. — John Bull, a humorous name for the English, collectively; also, an Englishman. "Good-looking young John Bull." W. D.Howells. — To take the bull by the horns, to grapple with a difficulty instead of avoiding it.

BULL Bull, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce. Bull bat (Zoöl.), the night hawk; — so called from the loud noise it makes while feeding on the wing, in the evening. — Bull calf. (a) A stupid fellow. — Bull mackerel (Zoöl.), the chub mackerel. — Bull pump (Mining), a direct single-acting pumping engine, in which the steam cylinder is placed above the pump. — Bull snake (Zoöl.), the pine snake of the United States. — Bull stag, a castrated bull. See Stag. — Bull wheel, a wheel, or drum, on which a rope is wound for lifting heavy articles, as logs, the tools in well boring, etc.

BULL Bull, v. i.

Defn: To be in heat; to manifest sexual desire as cows do. [Colloq.]

BULL Bull, v. t. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4.

BULL Bull, n. Etym: [OE. bulle, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud, knob, LL., a seal or stamp: cf. F. bulle. Cf. Bull a writing, Bowl a ball, Boil, v. i.]

1. A seal. See Bulla.

2. A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope, written in Gothic characters on rough parchment, sealed with a bulla, and dated "a die Incarnationis," i. e., "from the day of the Incarnation." See Apostolical brief, under Brief. A fresh bull of Leo's had declared how inflexible the court of Rome was in the point of abuses. Atterbury.

3. A grotesque blunder in language; an apparent congruity, but real incongruity, of ideas, contained in a form of expression; so called, perhaps, from the apparent incongruity between the dictatorial nature of the pope's bulls and his professions of humility. And whereas the papist boasts himself to be a Roman Catholic, it is a mere contradiction, one of the pope's bulls, as if he should say universal particular; a Catholic schimatic. Milton. The Golden Bull, an edict or imperial constitution made by the emperor Charles IV. (1356), containing what became the fundamental law of the German empire; — so called from its golden seal.

Syn. — See Blunder.

BULLA Bul"la, n.; pl. Bullæ (. Etym: [L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A bleb; a vesicle, or an elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery fluid.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The ovoid prominence below the opening of the ear in the skulls of many animals; as, the tympanic or auditory bulla.

3. A leaden seal for a document; esp. the round leaden seal attached to the papal bulls, which has on one side a representation of St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the other the name of the pope who uses it.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine shells. See Bubble shell.

BULLACE Bul"lace, n. Etym: [OE. bolas, bolace, OF. beloce; of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bolos, polos, Gael. bulaistear.] (Bot.) (a) A small European plum (Prunus communis, var. insitita). See Plum. (b) The bully tree.

BULLANTIC Bul*lan"tic, a. Etym: [See Bull an edict.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or used in, papal bulls. Fry. Bullantic letters, Gothic letters used in papal bulls.

BULLARY Bul"la*ry, n. Etym: [LL. bullarium: cf. F. bullairie. See Bull an edict.]

Defn: A collection of papal bulls.

BULLARY Bul"la*ry, n.; pl. Bullaries. Etym: [Cf. Boilary.]

Defn: A place for boiling or preparating salt; a boilery. Crabb. And certain salt fats or bullaries. Bills in Chancery.

BULLATE Bul"late, a. Etym: [L. bullatus, fr. bulla bubble.] (Biol.)

Defn: Appearing as if blistered; inflated; puckered. Bullate leaf (Bot.), a leaf, the membranous part of which rises between the veins puckered elevations convex on one side and concave on the other.

BULLBEGGAR Bull"beg`gar, n.

Defn: Something used or suggested to produce terror, as in children or persons of weak mind; a bugbear. And being an ill-looked fellow, he has a pension from the church wardens for being bullbeggar to all the forward children in the parish. Mountfort (1691).

BULL BRIER Bull" bri`er. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Smilax (S. Pseudo-China) growing from New Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico, which has very large tuberous and farinaceous rootstocks, formerly used by the Indians for a sort of bread, and by the negroes as an ingredient in making beer; — called also bamboo brier and China brier.

BULLCOMBER Bull"comb*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scaraboid beetle; esp. the Typhæus vulgaris of Europe.

BULLDOG Bull"dog`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of dog, of remarkable ferocity, courage, and tenacity of grip; — so named, probably, from being formerly employed in baiting bulls.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: A refractory material used as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill.

BULLDOG Bull"dog`, a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, a bulldog; stubborn; as, bulldog courage; bulldog tenacity. Bulldog bat (zo'94l.), a bat of the genus Nyctinomus; — so called from the shape of its face.

BULLDOZE Bull"doze`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bulldozed; p. pr. & vb.n. Bulldozing.]

Defn: To intimidate; to restrain or coerce by intimidation or violence; — used originally of the intimidation of negro voters, in Louisiana. [Slang, U.S.]

BULLDOZER Bull"do`zer, n.

Defn: One who bulldozes. [Slang]

BULLED Bulled, a. Etym: [Cf. Boln.]

Defn: Swollen. [Obs.]

BULLEN-BULLEN Bul"len-bul"len, n. Etym: [Native Australian name, from its cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lyre bird.

BULLEN-NAIL Bul"len-nail`, n. Etym: [Bull large, having a large head + nail.]

Defn: A nail with a round head and short shank, tinned and lacquered.

BULLET Bul"let, n. Etym: [F. boulet, dim. of boule ball. See Bull an edict, and cf. Boulet.]

1. A small ball.

2. A missile, usually of lead, and round or elongated in form, to be discharged from a rifle, musket, pistol, or other small firearm.

3. A cannon ball. [Obs.] A ship before Greenwich . . . shot off her ordnance, one piece being charged with a bullet of stone. Stow.

4. The fetlock of a horse.

Note: [See Illust. under Horse.]

BULLETIN Bul"le*tin, n. Etym: [F. bulletin, fr. It. bullettino, dim. of bulletta, dim. of bulla, bolla, an edict of the pope, from L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.]

1. A brief statement of facts respecting some passing event, as military operations or the health of some distinguished personage, issued by authority for the information of the public.

2. Any public notice or announcement, especially of news recently received.

3. A periodical publication, especially one containing the proceeding of a society. Bulletin board, a board on which announcements are put, particularly at newsrooms, newspaper offices, etc.

BULLET-PROOF Bul"let-proof`, a.

Defn: Capable of resisting the force of a bullet. Bullet tree. See Bully tree. — Bullet wood, the wood of the bullet tree.

BULLFACED Bull"faced`, a.

Defn: Having a large face.

BULLFEAST Bull"feast`, n.

Defn: See Bullfight. [Obs.]

BULLFIGHT; BULLFIGHTING Bull"fight`, Bull"fight`ing, n.

Defn: A barbarous sport, of great antiquity, in which men torment, and fight with, a bull or bulls in an arena, for public amusement, — still popular in Spain. — Bull"fight`er (, n.

BULLFINCH Bull"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Pyrrhula and other related genera, especially the P. vulgaris or rubicilla, a bird of Europe allied to the grosbeak, having the breast, cheeks, and neck, red.

Note: As a cage bird it is highly valued for its remarkable power of learning to whistle correctly various musical airs. Crimson-fronted bullfinch. (Zoöl.) See Burion. — Pine bullfinch, the pine finch.

BULLFIST; BULLFICE Bull"fist, Bull"fice, n. Etym: [Cf. G. bofist, AS. wulfes fist puffball, E. fizz, foist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of fungus. See Puffball.

BULL FLY; BULLFLY Bull" fly` or Bull"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large fly troublesome to cattle, as the gadflies and breeze flies.

BULLFROG Bull"frog`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large species of frog (Rana Catesbiana), found in North America; — so named from its loud bellowing in spring.

BULLHEAD Bull"head`, n.

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A fresh-water fish of many species, of the genus Uranidea, esp. U. gobio of Europe, and U. Richardsoni of the United States; — called also miller's thumb. (b) In America, several species of Amiurus; — called also catfish, horned pout, and bullpout. (c) A marine fish of the genus Cottus; the sculpin.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-bellied plover (Squatarola helvetica); — called also beetlehead. (b) The golden plover.

3. A stupid fellow; a lubber. [Colloq.] Jonson.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small black water insect. E. Phillips. Bullhead whiting (Zoöl.), the kingfish of Florida (Menticirrus alburnus).

BULLHEADED Bull"head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head like that of a bull. Fig.: Headstrong; obstinate; dogged.

BULLION Bul"lion, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. bullyon a hook used for fastening the dress, a button, stud, an embossed ornament of various kinds, e.g., on the cover of a book, on bridles or poitrels, for purses, for breeches and doublets, LL. bullio the swelling of boiling water, a mass of gold or silver, fr. L. bulla boss, stud, bubble (see Bull an edict), or perh. corrupted fr. billon base coin, LL. billio bullion. Cf. Billon, Billet a stick.]

1. Uncoined gold or silver in the mass.

Note: Properly, the precious metals are called bullion, when smelted and not perfectly refined, or when refined, but in bars, ingots or in any form uncoined, as in plate. The word is often often used to denote gold and silver, both coined and uncoined, when reckoned by weight and in mass, including especially foreign, or uncurrent, coin.

2. Base or uncurrent coin. [Obs.] And those which eld's strict doom did disallow, And damm for bullion, go for current now. Sylvester.

3. Showy metallic ornament, as of gold, silver, or copper, on bridles, saddles, etc. [Obs.] The clasps and bullions were worth a thousand pound. Skelton.

4. Heavy twisted fringe, made of fine gold or silver wire and used for epaulets; also, any heavy twisted fringe whose cords are prominent.

BULLIONIST Bul"lion*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate for a metallic currency, or a paper currency always convertible into gold.

BULLIRAG Bul"li*rag, v. t. Etym: [Cf. bully,n.& v., and rag to scold, rail. Cf. Ballarag.]

Defn: To intimidate by bullying; to rally contemptuously; to badger. [Low]

BULLISH Bull"ish, a.

Defn: Partaking of the nature of a bull, or a blunder. Let me inform you, a toothless satire is as improper as a toothed sleek stone, and as bullish. Milton.

BULLIST Bull"ist, n. Etym: [F. bulliste. See Bull an edict.]

Defn: A writer or drawer up of papal bulls. [R.] Harmar.

BULLITION Bul*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. bullire, bullitum, to boil. See Boil, v. i.]

Defn: The action of boiling; boiling. [Obs.] See Ebullition. Bacon.

BULL MOOSE Bull Moose. (U. S. Politics) (a) A follower of Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; — a sense said to have originated from a remark made by Roosevelt on a certain occasion that he felt "like a bull moose." [Cant] (b) The figure of a bull moose used as the party symbol of the Progressive party in the presidential campaign of 1912. — Bull Mooser. [Cant]

BULL-NECKED Bull"-necked`, a.

Defn: Having a short and thick neck like that of a bull. Sir W. Scott.

BULLOCK Bul"lock, n. Etym: [AS. bulluc a young bull. See Bull.]

1. A young bull, or any male of the ox kind. Take thy father's young bullock, even the second bullock of seven years old. Judges vi. 25.

2. An ox, steer, or stag.

BULLOCK Bul"lock, v. t.

Defn: To bully. [Obs.] She shan't think to bullock and domineer over me. Foote.

BULLOCK'S-EYE Bul"lock's-eye`, n.

Defn: See Bull's-eye, 3.

BULLON Bul"lon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian fish (Scarus Croicensis).

BULLPOUT Bull"pout`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bullhead, 1 (b).

BULL-ROARER Bull"-roar`er, n.

Defn: A contrivance consisting of a slat of wood tied to the end of a thong or string, with which the slat is whirled so as to cause an intermittent roaring noise. It is used as a toy, and among some races in certain religious rites.

BULL'S-EYE Bull's"-eye`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A small circular or oval wooden block without sheaves, having a groove around it and a hole through it, used for connecting rigging.

2. A small round cloud, with a ruddy center, supposed by sailors to portend a storm.

3. A small thick disk of glass inserted in a deck, roof, floor, ship's side, etc., to let in light.

4. A circular or oval opening for air or light.

5. A lantern, with a thick glass lens on one side for concentrating the light on any object; also, the lens itself. Dickens.

6. (Astron.)

Defn: Aldebaran, a bright star in the eye of Taurus or the Bull.

7. (Archery & Gun.)

Defn: The center of a target.

8. A thick knob or protuberance left on glass by the end of the pipe through which it was blown.

9. A small and thick old-fashioned watch. [Colloq.]

BULL'S-NOSE Bull's"-nose`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: An external angle when obtuse or rounded.

BULL TERRIER Bull" ter"ri*er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of dogs obtained by crossing the bulldog and the terrier.

BULL TROUT Bull" trout`. (Zoöl.) (a) In England, a large salmon trout of several species, as Salmo trutta and S. Cambricus, which ascend rivers; — called also sea trout. (b) Salvelinus malma of California and Oregon; — called also Dolly Varden trout and red-spotted trout. (c) The huso or salmon of the Danube.

BULLWEED Bull"weed`, n. Etym: [Bole a stem + weed.] (Bot.)

Defn: Knapweed. Prior.

BULLWORT Bull"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Bishop's-weed.

BULLY Bul"ly, n.; pl. Bullies (. Etym: [Cf. LG. bullerjaan, bullerbäk, bullerbrook, a blusterer, D. bulderaar a bluster, bulderen to bluster; prob. of imitative origin; or cf. MHG. buole lover, G. buhle.]

1. A noisy, blustering fellow, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and quarrelsome; an insolent, tyrannical fellow. Bullies seldom execute the threats they deal in. Palmerston.

2. A brisk, dashing fellow. [Slang Obs.] Shak.

BULLY Bul"ly, a.

1. Jovial and blustering; dashing. [Slang] "Bless thee, bully doctor." Shak.

2. Fine; excellent; as, a bully horse. [Slang, U.S.]

BULLY Bul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Bullying.]

Defn: To intimidate with threats and by an overbearing, swaggering demeanor; to act the part of a bully toward. For the last fortnight there have been prodigious shoals of volunteers gone over to bully the French, upon hearing the peace was just signing. Tatler.

Syn. — To bluster; swagger; hector; domineer.

BULLY Bul"ly, v. i.

Defn: To act as a bully.

BULLY; BULLY BEEF Bul"ly, n., Bul"ly beef`. [F. bouilli boiled meat, fr. bouillir to boil. See Boil, v. The word bouilli was formerly commonly used on the labels of canned beef.]

Defn: Pickled or canned beef.

BULLYRAG Bul"ly*rag, v. t.

Defn: Same as Bullirag.

BULLYROCK Bul"ly*rock`, n.

Defn: A bully. [Slang Obs.] Shak.

BULLY TREE Bul"ly tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several West Indian trees of the order Sapotaceæ, as Dipholis nigra and species of Sapota and Mimusops. Most of them yield a substance closely resembling gutta-percha.

BULRUSH Bul"rush`, n. Etym: [OE. bulrysche, bolroysche; of uncertain origin, perh. fr. bole stem + rush.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of large rush, growing in wet land or in water.

Note: The name bulrush is applied in England especially to the cat- tail (Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia) and to the lake club-rush (Scirpus lacustris); in America, to the Juncus effusus, and also to species of Scirpus or club-rush.

BULSE Bulse, n.

Defn: A purse or bag in which to carry or measure diamonds, etc. [India] Macaulay.

BULTEL Bul"tel, n. Etym: [LL. bultellus. See Bolt to sift.]

Defn: A bolter or bolting cloth; also, bran. [Obs.]

BULTI Bul"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Bolty.

BULTONG Bul"tong, n.

Defn: Biltong.

BULTOW Bul"tow`, n.

Defn: A trawl; a boulter; the mod

BULWARK Bul"wark, n. Etym: [Akin to D. bolwerk, G. bollwerk, Sw. bolwerk, Dan. bolvärk, bulvärk, rampart; akin to G. bohle plank, and werk work, defense. See Bole stem, and Work, n., and cf. Boulevard.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork.

2. That which secures against an enemy, or defends from attack; any means of defense or protection. The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense, . . . the floating bulwark of our island. Blackstone.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The sides of a ship above the upper deck.

Syn. — See Rampart.

BULWARK Bul"wark, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bulwarked (; p. pr. & vb.n. Bulwarking.]

Defn: To fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by fortification; to protect. Of some proud city, bulwarked round and armed With rising towers. Glover.

BUM Bum, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. bottom in this sense.]

Defn: The buttock. [Low] Shak.

BUM Bum, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bummed (; p. pr. & vb.n. Bumming ( Etym: [See Boom, v. i., to roar.]

Defn: To make murmuring or humming sound. Jamieson.

BUM Bum, n.

Defn: A humming noise. Halliwell.

BUMBAILIFF Bum"bail"iff, n. Etym: [A corruption of bound bailiff.] [Low, Eng.]

Defn: See Bound bailiff, under Bound, a.

BUMBARD Bum"bard.

Defn: See Bombard. [Obs.]

BUMBARGE Bum"barge`, n.

Defn: See Bumboat. Carlyle.

BUMBAST Bum"bast.

Defn: See Bombast. [Obs.]

BUMBELO Bum"be*lo, n.; pl. Bumbeloes. Etym: [It. bombola.]

Defn: A glass used in subliming camphor. [Spelled also bombolo and bumbolo.]

BUMBLE Bum"ble, n. Etym: [See Bump to boom.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bittern. [Local, Eng.]

BUMBLE Bum"ble, v. i.

Defn: To make a hollow or humming noise, like that of a bumblebee; to cry as a bittern. As a bittern bumbleth in the mire. Chaucer.

BUMBLEBEE Bum"ble*bee`, n. Etym: [OE. bumblen to make a humming noise (dim. of bum, v.i.) + bee. Cf. Humblebee.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bee of the genus Bombus, sometimes called humblebee; — so named from its sound.

Note: There are many species. All gather honey, and store it in the empty cocoons after the young have come out.

BUMBLEPUPPY Bum"ble*pup`py, n. [Origin unknown; cf. Bumble, n.]

1.

Defn: The old game of nineholes.

2. (Card Playing) Whist played in an unscientific way.

BUMBOAT Bum"boat`, n. Etym: [From bum the buttocks, on account of its clumsy form; or fr. D. bun a box for holding fish in a boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A clumsy boat, used for conveying provisions, fruit, etc., for sale, to vessels lying in port or off shore.

BUMKIN Bum"kin, n. Etym: [Boom a beam + -kin. See Bumpkin.] (Naut.)

Defn: A projecting beam or boom; as: (a) One projecting from each bow of a vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a tack bumpkin. (b) Onr from each quarter, for the main-brace blocks, and called brace bumpkin. (c) A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to extend the mizzen. [Written also boomkin.]

BUMMALO Bum"ma*lo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine Asiatic fish (Saurus ophidon) used in India as a relish; — called also Bombay duck.

BUMMER Bum"mer, n.

Defn: An idle, worthless fellow, who is without any visible means of support; a dissipated sponger. [Slang, U.S.]

BUMMERY Bum"me*ry, n.

Defn: See Bottomery. [Obs.] There was a scivener of Wapping brought to hearing for relief against a bummery bond. R. North.

BUMP Bump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Bumping.] Etym: [Cf. W. pwmp round mass, pwmpiaw to thump, bang, and E. bum, v.i., boom to roar.]

Defn: To strike, as with or against anything large or solid; to thump; as, to bump the head against a wall.

BUMP Bump, v. i.

Defn: To come in violent contact with something; to thump. "Bumping and jumping." Southey.

BUMP Bump, n. Etym: [From Bump to strike, to thump.]

1. A thump; a heavy blow.

2. A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump or blow; a protuberance. It had upon its brow A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone. Shak.

3. (Phren.)

Defn: One of the protuberances on the cranium which are associated with distinct faculties or affections of the mind; as, the bump of "veneration;" the bump of "acquisitiveness." [Colloq.]

4. The act of striking the stern of the boat in advance with the prow of the boat following. [Eng.]

BUMP Bump, v. i. Etym: [See Boom to roar.]

Defn: To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the bittern; to boom. As a bittern bumps within a reed. Dryden.

BUMP Bump, n.

Defn: The noise made by the bittern.

BUMPER Bum"per, n. Etym: [A corruption of bumbard, bombard, a large drinking vessel.]

1. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the liquor runs over, particularly in drinking a health or toast. He frothed his bumpers to the brim. Tennyson.

2. A covered house at a theater, etc., in honor of some favorite performer. [Cant]

BUMPER Bump"er, n.

1. That which bumps or causes a bump.

2. Anything which resists or deadens a bump or shock; a buffer.

BUMPKIN Bump"kin, n. Etym: [The same word as bumkin, which Cotgrave defines thus: "Bumkin, Fr. chicambault, the luffe-block, a long and thick piece of wood, whereunto the fore-sayle and sprit-sayle are fastened, when a ship goes by the winde." Hence, a clumsy man may easily have been compared to such a block of wood; cf. OD. boomken a little tree. See Boom a pole.]

Defn: An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout. "Bashful country bumpkins." W. Irving.

BUMPTIOUS Bump"tious, a.

Defn: Self-conceited; forward; pushing. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

BUMPTIOUSNESS Bump"tious*ness, n.

Defn: Conceitedness. [Colloq.]

BUN; BUNN Bun, Bunn, n. Etym: [Scot. bun, bunn, OE. bunne, bonne; fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. bunna, Gael. bonnach, or OF. bugne tumor, Prov. F. bugne a kind of pancake; akin to OHG. bungo bulb, MHG. bunge, Prov. E. bung heap, cluster, bunny a small swelling.]

Defn: A slightly sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk on the top crust.

BUNCH Bunch, n. Etym: [Akin to OSw. & Dan. bunke heap, Icel. bunki heap, pile, bunga tumor, protuberance; cf. W. pwng cluster. Cf. Bunk.]

1. A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump. They will carry . . . their treasures upon the bunches of camels. Isa. xxx. 6.

2. A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of things of the same kind, growing or fastened together; as, a bunch of grapes; a bunch of keys.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A small isolated mass of ore, as distinguished from a continuous vein. Page.

BUNCH Bunch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Buncheder (p. pr. & vb.n. Bunchinger.]

Defn: To swell out into a bunch or protuberance; to be protuberant or round. Bunching out into a large round knob at one end. Woodward.

BUNCH Bunch, v. t.

Defn: To form into a bunch or bunches.

BUNCH-BACKED Bunch"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having a bunch on the back; crooked. "Bunch-backed toad." Shak.

BUNCHBERRY Bunch"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The dwarf cornel (Cornus Canadensis), which bears a dense cluster of bright red, edible berries.

BUNCH GRASS Bunch" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass growing in bunches and affording pasture. In California, Atropis tenuifolia, Festuca scabrella, and several kinds of Stipa are favorite bunch grasses. In Utah, Eriocoma cuspidata is a good bunch grass.

BUNCHINESS Bunch"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being bunchy; knobbiness.

BUNCHY Bunch"y, a.

1. Swelling out in bunches. An unshapen, bunchy spear, with bark unpiled. Phaer.

2. Growing in bunches, or resembling a bunch; having tufts; as, the bird's bunchy tail.

3. (Mining)

Defn: Yielding irregularly; sometimes rich, sometimes poor; as, a bunchy mine. Page.

BUNCOMBE; BUNKUM Bun"combe, Bun"kum, n. Etym: [Buncombe a country of North Carolina.]

Defn: Speech-making for the gratification of constituents, or to gain public applause; flattering talk for a selfish purpose; anything said for mere show. [Cant or Slang, U.S.] All that flourish about right of search was bunkum — all that brag about hanging your Canada sheriff was bunkum . . . slavery speeches are all bunkum. Haliburton. To speak for Buncombe, to speak for mere show, or popularly.

Note: "The phrase originated near the close of the debate on the famous 'Missouri Question,' in the 16th Congress. It was then used by Felix Walker — a naïve old mountaineer, who resided at Waynesville, in Haywood, the most western country of North Carolina, near the border of the adjacent country of Buncombe, which formed part of his district. The old man rose to speak, while the house was impatiently calling for the 'Question,' and several members gathered round him, begging him to desist. He preserved, however, for a while, declaring that the people of his district expected it, and that he was bound to 'make a speech for Buncombe.'" W. Darlington.

BUND Bund, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: League; confederacy; esp. the confederation of German states.

BUND Bund, n. Etym: [Hindi band.]

Defn: An embankment against inundation. [India] S. Wells Williams.

BUNDER Bun"der, n. Etym: [Pers. bandar a landing place, pier.]

Defn: A boat or raft used in the East Indies in the landing of passengers and goods.

BUNDESRATH Bun"des*rath`, n. Etym: [G., from bund (akin to E. bond) confederacy + rath council, prob. akin to E. read.]

Defn: The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath and the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The federal council of Switzerland is also so called.

Note: The Bundesrath of the German empire is presided over by a chancellor, and is composed of sixty-two members, who represent the different states of the empire, being appointed for each session by their respective governments. By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland, — the Bundesrath — is chosen, and the head of this is a president. J. P. Peters (Trans. Müller's Pol. Hist. ).

BUNDES-VERSAMMLUNG Bun"des-Ver*samm"lung, n. [G.; bund confederacy + versammlung assembly.]

Defn: See Legislature, Switzerland.

BUNDLE Bun"dle, n. Etym: [OE. bundel, AS. byndel; akin to D. bondel, bundel, G. bündel, dim. of bund bundle, fr. the root of E. bind. See Bind.]

Defn: A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a bundle of old clothes. The fable of the rods, which, when united in a bundle, no strength could bend. Goldsmith. Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it. Weale.

BUNDLE Bun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bundled (p. pr. & vb.n. Bundling (.]

1. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll.

2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony. They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second into our own hackney coach. T. Hook. To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony. — To bundle one's self up, to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously.

BUNDLE Bun"dle, v. i.

1. To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony.

2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; — applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping. Bartlett. Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and bundle with the Yankee lasses. W. Irving.

BUNDOBUST Bun"do*bust, n. [Hind. & Per. bando-bast tying and binding.]

Defn: System; discipline. [India]

He has more bundobust than most men. Kipling.

BUNG Bung, n. Etym: [Cf. W. bwng orfice, bunghole, Ir. buinne tap, spout, OGael. buine.]

1. The large stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask.

2. The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bunghole.

3. A sharper or pickpocket. [Obs. & Low] You filthy bung, away. Shak.

BUNG Bung, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Bunging.]

Defn: To stop, as the orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; — with up. To bung up, to use up, as by bruising or over exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action. [Low] He had bunged up his mouth that he should not have spoken these three years. Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote).

BUNGALOW Bun"ga*low, n. Etym: [Bengalee bangla]

Defn: A thatched or tiled house or cottage, of a single story, usually surrounded by a veranda. [India]

BUNGARUM Bun"ga*rum, n. Etym: [Bungar, the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A venomous snake of India, of the genus Bungarus, allied to the cobras, but without a hood.

BUNGHOLE Bung"hole`, n.

Defn: See Bung, n., 2. Shak.

BUNGLE Bun"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bungled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bungling.] Etym: [Prob. a diminutive from, akin to bang; cf. Prov. G. bungen to beat, bang, OSw. bunga. See Bang.]

Defn: To act or work in a clumsy, awkward manner.

BUNGLE Bun"gle, v. t.

Defn: To make or mend clumsily; to manage awkwardly; to botch; — sometimes with up. I always had an idea that it would be bungled. Byron.

BUNGLE Bun"gle, n.

Defn: A clumsy or awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder. Those errors and bungles which are committed. Cudworth.

BUNGLER Bun"gler, n.

Defn: A clumsy, awkward workman; one who bungles. If to be a dunce or a bungler in any profession be shameful, how much more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to be such! Barrow.

BUNGLING Bun"gling, a.

Defn: Unskillful; awkward; clumsy; as, a bungling workman. Swift. They make but bungling work. Dryden.

BUNGLINGLY Bun"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: Clumsily; awkwardly.

BUNGO Bun"go, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a kind of boat used in the Southern United States. Bartlett.

BUNION Bun"ion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Bunyon.

BUNK Bunk, n. Etym: [Cf. OSw. bunke heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf. Bunch.]

1. A wooden case or box, which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at night. [U.S.]

2. One of a series of berths or bed places in tiers.

3. A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to sustain the end of heavy timbers. [Local, U.S.]

BUNK Bunk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bunked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bunking.]

Defn: To go to bed in a bunk; — sometimes with in. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.

BUNKER Bun"ker, n. Etym: [Scot. bunker, bunkart, a bench, or low chest, serving for a seat. Cf. Bunk, Bank, Bench.]

1. A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves for a seat. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. A large bin or similar receptacle; as, a coal bunker.

BUNKO Bun"ko, n. Etym: [Sf. Sp. banco bank, banca a sort of game at cards. Cf. Bank (in the commercial sense).]

Defn: A kind of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a sham lottery. [Written also bunco.] Bunko steerer, a person employed as a decoy in bunko. [Slang, U.S.]

BUNKUM Bun"kum, n.

Defn: See Buncombe.

BUNN Bunn, n.

Defn: See Bun.

BUNNIAN Bun"nian, n.

Defn: See Bunyon.

BUNNY Bun"ny, n. (Mining)

Defn: A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or going out from it.

BUNNY Bun"ny, n.

Defn: A pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel.

BUNODONTA; BUNODONTS Bu`no*don"ta, Bu"no*donts, n. pl. Etym: [NL. bunodonta, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; — so called because the teeth are tuberculated.

BUNSEN CELL Bun"sen cell. (Elec.)

Defn: A zinc-carbon cell in which the zinc (amalgamated) is surrounded by dilute sulphuric acid, and the carbon by nitric acid or a chromic acid mixture, the two plates being separated by a porous cup.

BUNSEN'S BATTERY; BUNSEN'S BURNER Bun"sen's bat"ter*y, Bun"sen's burn`er.

Defn: See under Battery, and Burner.

BUNT Bunt, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fungus (Ustilago foetida) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; — also called pepperbrand.

BUNT Bunt, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. bunt bundle, Dan. bundt, G. bund, E. bundle.] (Naut.)

Defn: The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard. Totten.

BUNT Bunt, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To swell out; as, the sail bunts.

BUNT Bunt, v. t. & i.

Defn: To strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the boy.

BUNTER Bun"ter, n.

Defn: A woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar woman. [Cant] Her . . . daughters, like bunters in stuff gowns. Goldsmith.

BUNTING Bun"ting, n. Etym: [Scot. buntlin, corn-buntlin, OE. bunting, buntyle; of unknown origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family Fringillidæ).

Note: Among European species are the common or corn bunting (Emberiza miliaria); the ortolan (E. hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the black-headed (Granitivora melanocephala). American species are the bay-winged or grass (Poöcætes or Pooecetes gramineus); the black- throated (Spiza Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink (Pipilo); the snow bunting (Plectrophanax nivalis); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting, Lark bunting.

BUNTING; BUNTINE Bun"ting, Bun"tine, n. Etym: [Prov. E. bunting sifting flour, OE. bonten to sift, hence prob. the material used for that purpose.]

Defn: A thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.

BUNTLINE Bunt"line, n. Etym: [2d bunt + line.] (Naut.)

Defn: One of the ropes toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard the body of the sail when taking it in. Totten.

BUNYON; BUNION Bun"yon, Bun"ion, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. bunny a small swelling, fr. OF. bugne, It. bugna, bugnone. See Bun.] (Med.)

Defn: An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the bursæ muscosæ), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe.

BUOY Buoy, n. Etym: [D. boei buoy, fetter, fr. OF. boie, buie, chain, fetter, F. bouée a buoy, from L. boia. "Boiae genus vinculorum tam ferreae quam ligneae." Festus. So called because chained to its place.] (Naut.)

Defn: A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc. Anchor buoy, a buoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor. — Bell buoy, a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves. — Breeches buoy. See under Breeches. — Cable buoy, an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. — Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pear-shaped. — Life buoy, a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them. — Nut or Nun buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end. — To stream the buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor. — Whistling buoy, a buoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves.

BUOY Buoy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Buoying.]

1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; — with up.

2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency. Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title. Burke.

3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel. Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by this floating weed. Darwin.

BUOY Buoy, v. i.

Defn: To float; to rise like a buoy. "Rising merit will buoy up at last." Pope.

BUOYAGE Buoy"age, n.

Defn: Buoys, taken collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels into or out of port; the providing of buoys.

BUOYANCE Buoy"ance, n.

Defn: Buoyancy. [R.]

BUOYANCY Buoy"an*cy, n.; pl. Buoyancies (.

1. The property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced. Such are buoyancies or displacements of the different classes of her majesty's ships. Eng. Cyc.

3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; — the opposite of Ant: heaviness; as, buoyancy of spirits.

BUOYANT Buoy"ant, a. Etym: [From Buoy, v. t. & i.]

1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to rise or float; as, iron is buoyant in mercury. "Buoyant on the flood." Pope.

2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being specifically heavier. The water under me was buoyant. Dryden.

3. Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition; buoyant spirits. — Buoy"ant*ly, adv.

BUPRESTIDAN Bu*pres"ti*dan, n. Etym: [L. buprestis, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles, of the genus Buprestis and allied genera, usually with brilliant metallic colors. The larvæ are usually bores in timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to trees.

BUR; BURR Bur, Burr, n. Etym: [OE. burre burdock; cf. Dan. borre, OSw. borra, burdock, thistle; perh. akin to E. bristle (burr- for burz-), or perh. to F. bourre hair, wool, stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, "the downe, or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are covered," fr. L. burrae trifles, LL. reburrus rough.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs. Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton. Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson.

2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See Burr, n., 2.

3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr, n., 4.

4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr, n., 5.

5. The sweetbread.

6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick.

7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular saw. (b) A triangular chisel. (c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; — used by dentists.

8. Etym: [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a knob, bunch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written burr.] Bur oak (Bot.), a useful and ornamental species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, close-grained, and durable. — Bur reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sparganium, having long ribbonlike leaves.

BURBOLT Bur"bolt`, n.

Defn: A birdbolt. [Obs.] Ford.

BURBOT Bur"bot, n. Etym: [F. barbote, fr. barbe beard. See 1st Barb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water fish of the genus Lota, having on the nose two very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin. [Written also burbolt.]

Note: The fish is also called an eelpout or ling, and is allied to the codfish. The Lota vulgaris is a common European species. An American species (L. maculosa) is found in New England, the Great Lakes, and farther north.

BURDELAIS Bur`de*lais", n. Etym: [F. bourdelais, prob. fr. bordelais. See Bordelais.]

Defn: A sort of grape. Jonson.

BURDEN Bur"den, n. [Written also burthen.] Etym: [OE. burden, burthen, birthen, birden, AS. byredhen; akin to Icel. byredhi, Dan. byrde, Sw. börda, G. bürde, OHG. burdi, Goth. baúr, fr. the root of E. bear, AS. beran, Goth. bairan. *92. See 1st Bear.]

1. That which is borne or carried; a load. Plants with goodly burden bowing. Shak.

2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown. Swift.

3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace. Raymond.

6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds.

7. A birth. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Beast of burden, an animal employed in carrying burdens. — Burden of proof Etym: [L. onus probandi] (Law), the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed.

Syn. — Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome.

BURDEN Bur"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burdened; p. pr. & vb. n. Burdening.]

1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load. I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened. 2 Cor. viii. 13.

2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes. My burdened heart would break. Shak.

3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). [R.] It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell. Coleridge.

Syn. — To load; encumber; overload; oppress.

BURDEN Bur"den, n. Etym: [OE. burdoun the bass in music, F. bourdon; cf. LL. burdo drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule. Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Bourdon.]

1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a prayer. I would sing my song without a burden. Shak.

2. The drone of a bagpipe. Ruddiman.

BURDEN Bur"den, n. Etym: [See Burdon.]

Defn: A club. [Obs.] Spenser.

BURDENER Bur"den*er, n.

Defn: One who loads; a oppressor.

BURDENOUS Bur"den*ous, a.

Defn: Burdensome. [Obs.] "Burdenous taxations." Shak.

BURDENSOME Bur"den*some, a.

Defn: Grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive. The debt immense of endless gratitude So burdensome. Milton.

Syn. — Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous; oppressive; troublesome. — Bur"den*some*ly, adv. — Bur"den*some*ness, n.

BURDOCK Bur"dock, n. Etym: [Bur + dock the plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coarse biennial herbs (Lappa), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals.

Note: The common burdock is the Lappa officinalis.

BURDON Bur"don, n. Etym: [See Bourdon.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff. [Written also burden.] Rom. of R.

BUREAU Bu"reau, n.; pl. E. Bureaus, F. Bureaux. Etym: [F. bureau a writing table, desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often covered, equiv. to F. bure, and fr. OF. buire dark brown, the stuff being named from its color, fr. L. burrus red, fr. Gr. Fire, n., and cf. Borel, n.]

1. Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers. Swift.

2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business requiring writing is transacted.

3. Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who labor under the direction of a chief.

Note: On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most countries, have the name of bureaux; as, the Bureau of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In England and America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate departments; as, the "Pension Bureau," a subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. [Obs.] In Spanish, bureo denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household.

4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an ornamental piece of furniture. [U.S.] Bureau system. See Bureaucracy. — Bureau Veritas, an institution, in the interest of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830, and reëstablished in Brussels in 1870.

BUREAUCRACY Bu*reau"cra*cy, n. Etym: [Bureau + Gr. bureaucratie.]

1. A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system.

2. Government officials, collectively.

BUREAUCRAT Bu*reau"crat, n.

Defn: An official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and arbitrary routine. C. Kingsley.

BUREAUCRATIC; BUREAUCRATICAL Bu`reau*crat"ic, Bu`reau*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bureaucratique.]

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.

BUREAUCRATIST Bu*reau"cra*tist, n.

Defn: An advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.

BUREL Bur"el, n. & a.

Defn: Same as Borrel.

BURETTE Bu*rette", n. Etym: [F., can, cruet, dim. of buire flagon.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube, usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock.

BUR FISH Bur" fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur; — called also ball fish, balloon fish, and swellfish.

BURG Burg, n. Etym: [AS. burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See 1st Borough.]

1. A fortified town. [Obs.]

2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st Borough.

BURGAGE Burg"age, n. Etym: [From Burg: cf. F. bourgage, LL. burgagium.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services relating to trade or handicraft. Burrill.

BURGALL Bur"gall, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine fish; — also called cunner.

BURGAMOT Bur"ga*mot, n.

Defn: See Bergamot.

BURGANET Bur"ga*net, n.

Defn: See Burgonet.

BURGEE Bur"gee, n.

1. A kind of small coat.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A swallow-tailed flag; a distinguishing pen

BURGEOIS Bur*geois", n. (Print.)

Defn: See 1st Bourgeous.

BURGEOIS Bur*geois", n.

Defn: A burgess; a citizen. See 2d Bourgeois. [R.] Addison.

BURGEON Bur"geon, v. i.

Defn: To bud. See Bourgeon.

BURGESS Bur"gess, n. Etym: [OE. burgeis, OF. burgeis, fr. burcfortified town, town, F. bourg village, fr. LL. burgus fort, city; from the German; cf. MHG. burc, G. burg. See 1st Borough, and cf. 2d Bourgeois.]

1. An inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough. Blackstone.

Note: "A burgess of a borough corresponds with a citizen of a city." Burrill.

2. One who represents a borough in Parliament.

3. A magistrate of a borough.

4. An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to vote for municipal officers.

Note: Before the Revolution, the representatives in the popular branch of the legislature of Virginia were called burgesses; they are now called delegates. Burgess oath. See Burgher, 2.

BURGESS-SHIP Bur"gess-ship, n.

Defn: The state of privilege of a burgess. South.

BURGGRAVE Burg"grave, n. Etym: [G. burggraf; burg fortress + graf count: cf. D. burggraaf, F. burgrave. See Margrave.] (Gremany)

Defn: Originally, one appointed to the command of a burg (fortress or castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain attached.

BURGH Burgh, n. Etym: [OE. See Burg.]

Defn: A borough or incorporated town, especially, one in Scotland. See Borough.

BURGHAL Burgh"al, a.

Defn: Belonging of a burgh.

BURGHBOTE Burgh"bote`, n. Etym: [Burgh + bote.] (Old Law)

Defn: A contribution toward the building or repairing of castles or walls for the defense of a city or town.

BURGHBRECH Burgh"brech`, n. Etym: [Burgh + F. brèche, equiv. to E. breach.] (AS. Law)

Defn: The offense of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant of a tithing to keep the peace; breach of the peace. Burrill.

BURGHER Burgh"er, n. Etym: [From burgh; akin to D. burger, G. bürger, Dan. borger, Sw. borgare. See Burgh.]

1. A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges of the place; any inhabitant of a borough.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses profess "the true religion professed within the realm"), the opposite party being called antiburghers.

Note: These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the "United Associate Synod of the Secession Church."

BURGHERMASTER Burgh"er*mas`ter, n.

Defn: See Burgomaster.

BURGHERSHIP Burgh"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state or privileges of a burgher.

BURGHMASTER Burgh"mas`ter, n.

1. A burgomaster.

2. (Mining)

Defn: An officer who directs and lays out the meres or boundaries for the workmen; — called also bailiff, and barmaster. [Eng.]

BURGHMOTE Burgh"mote`, n. (AS. Law) Etym: [Burgh + mote meeting.]

Defn: A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a borough court held three times yearly.

BURGLAR Bur"glar, n. Etym: [OE. burg town, F. bourg, fr. LL. burgus (of German origin) + OF. lere thief, fr. L. latro. See Borough, and Larceny.] (Law)

Defn: One guilty of the crime of burglary. Burglar alarm, a device for giving alarm if a door or window is opened from without.

BURGLARER Bur"glar*er, n.

Defn: A burglar. [Obs.]

BURGLARIOUS Bur*gla"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of burglary. To come down a chimney is held a burglarious entry. Blackstone.

BURGLARIOUSLY Bur*gla"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar. Blackstone.

BURGLARY Bur"gla*ry, n.; pl. Burglaries (. Etym: [Fr. Burglar; cf. LL. burglaria.] (Law)

Defn: Breaking and entering the dwelling house of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony therein, whether the felonious purpose be accomplished or not. Wharton. Burrill.

Note: By statute law in some of the United States, burglary includes the breaking with felonious intent into a house by day as well as by night, and into other buildings than dwelling houses. Various degrees of the crime are established.

BURGOMASTER Bur"go*mas`ter, n. Etym: [D. burgemeester; burg borough + meester master; akin to G. burgemeister, bürgermeister. See 1st Borough, and Master.]

1. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding to mayor in England and the United States; a burghmaster.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic regions.

BURGONET Bur"go*net, n. Etym: [F. bouruignotte, because the Burgundians, F. Bouruignons, first used it.]

Defn: A kind of helmet. [Written also burganet.] Shak.

BURGOO Bur"goo, n. Etym: [Prov. E. burgood yeast, perh. fr. W. burym yeast + cawl cabbage, gruel.]

Defn: A kind of oatmeal pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen. [Written also burgout.]

BURGRASS Bur"grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Grass of the genus Cenchrus, growing in sand, and having burs for fruit.

BURGRAVE Bur"grave, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Burggrave.

BURGUNDY Bur"gun*dy, n.

1. An old province of France (in the eastern central part).

2. A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in Burgundy, France. Burgundy pitch, a resinous substance prepared from the exudation of the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) by melting in hot water and straining through cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.

BURH Burh, n.

Defn: See Burg. [Obs.]

BURHEL; BURRHEL Bur"hel, Burr"hel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild Himalayan, or blue, sheep (Ovis burrhel).

BURIAL Bur"i*al, n. Etym: [OE. buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS. byrgels, fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to OS. burgisli sepulcher.]

1. A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [Obs.] The erthe schook, and stoones weren cloven, and biriels weren opened. Wycliff [Matt. xxvii. 51, 52].

2. The act of burying; depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment. "To give a public burial." Shak. Now to glorious burial slowly borne. Tennyson. Burial case, a form of coffin, usually of iron, made to close air- tight, for the preservation of a dead body. — Burial ground, a piece of ground selected and set apart for a place of buriials, and consecrated to such use by religious ceremonies. — Burial place, any place where burials are made. — Burial service. (a) The religious service performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service. (b) That portion of a liturgy which is read at an interment; as, the English burial service.

Syn. — Sepulture; interment; inhumation.

BURIER Bur"i*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, buries. Till the buriers have buried it. Ezek. xxxix. 15. And darkness be the burier of the dead. Shak.

BURIN Bu"rin, n. Etym: [F. burin, cf. It. burino, bulino; prob. from OHG. bora borer, boron to bore, G. bohren. See 1st Bore.]

1. The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being ground off obliquely so as to produce a sharp point, and the other end inserted in a handle; a graver; also, the similarly shaped tool used by workers in marble.

2. The manner or style of execution of an engraver; as, a soft burin; a brilliant burin.

BURINIST Bu"rin*ist, n.

Defn: One who works with the burin. For. Quart. Rev.

BURION Bu"ri*on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted house sparrow of California (Carpodacus frontalis); — called also crimson-fronted bullfinch. [Written also burrion.]

BURKE Burke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burkeder, p. pr. & vb.n. Burkinger.] Etym: [From one Burke of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.]

1. To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for dissection.

2. To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to suppress; to smother; to shelve; as, to burke a parliamentary question. The court could not burke an inquiry, supported by such a mass of a affidavits. C. Reade.

BURKISM Burk"ism, n.

Defn: The practice of killing persons for the purpose of selling their bodies for dissection.

BURL Burl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Burling.] Etym: [OE. burle stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. bourlet, bourrelet, OF. bourel, a wreath or a roll of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed with flocks, etc., dim. of bourre. *92. See Bur.]

Defn: To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth. Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.

BURL Burl, n.

1. A knot or lump in thread or cloth.

2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made from such excrescences.

BURLAP Bur"lap, n.

Defn: A coarse fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc. [Written also burlaps.]

BURLER Burl"er, n.

Defn: One who burls or dresses cloth.

BURLESQUE Bur*lesque", a. Etym: [F. burlesque, fr. It. burlesco, fr. burla jest, mockery, perh. for burrula, dim. of L. burrae trifles. See Bur.]

Defn: Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with mock gravity; jocular; ironical. It is a dispute among the critics, whether burlesque poetry runs best in heroic verse, like that of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like that of Hudibras. Addison.

BURLESQUE Bur*lesque", n.

1. Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque satire. Burlesque is therefore of two kinds; the first represents mean persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other describes great persons acting and speaking like the basest among the people. Addison.

2. An ironical or satirical composition intended to excite laughter, or to ridicule anything. The dull burlesque appeared with impudence, And pleased by novelty in spite of sense. Dryden.

3. A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty; a gross perversion. Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to, national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and disgust from such a profane burlesque and abominable perversion of that sacred institute Burke.

Syn. — Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry.

BURLESQUE Bur*lesque", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burlesqued; p. pr. & vb. n. Burlesquing.]

Defn: To ridicule, or to make ludicrous by grotesque representation in action or in language. They burlesqued the prophet Jeremiah's words, and turned the expression he used into ridicule. Stillingfleet.

BURLESQUE Bur*lesque", v. i.

Defn: To employ burlesque.

BURLESQUER Bur*les"quer, n.

Defn: One who burlesques.

BURLETTA Bur*let"ta, n. Etym: [It., dim. of burla mockery. See Burlesque, a.] (Mus.)

Defn: A comic operetta; a music farce. Byron.

BURLINESS Bur"li*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being burly.

BURLY Bur"ly, a. Etym: [OE. burlich strong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for a lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf. Bower.]

1. Having a large, strong, or gross body; stout; lusty; — now used chiefly of human beings, but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful, and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky. "Burly sacks." Drayton. In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat corpulent and burly. Sir T. More. Burly and big, and studious of his ease. Cowper.

2. Coarse and rough; boisterous. It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense. Cowley.

BURMAN Bur"man, n.; pl. Burmans (. Etym: ["The softened modern M'yan-ma, M'yan-ma [native name] is the source of the European corruption Burma." Balfour.], (Ethnol.)

Defn: A member of the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also, sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese. — a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to Burmah.

BUR MARIGOLD Bur" mar"i*gold.

Defn: See Beggar's ticks.

BURMESE Bur`mese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants. — n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or the natives of Burmah. Also (sing.), the language of the Burmans.

BURN Burn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burned (Burnt (p. pr. & vb. n. Burning.] Etym: [OE. bernen, brennen, v.t., early confused with beornen, birnen, v.i., AS. bærnan, bernan, v.t., birnan, v.i.; akin to OS. brinnan, OFries. barna, berna, OHG. brinnan, brennan, G. brennen, OD. bernen, D. branden, Dan. brænde, Sw. bränna, brinna, Icel. brenna, Goth. brinnan, brannjan (in comp.), and possibly to E. fervent.]

1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; — frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. "We'll burn his body in the holy place." Shak.

2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass.

3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime.

4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block.

5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper. This tyrant fever burns me up. Shak. This dry sorrow burns up all my tears. Dryden. When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21.

6. (Surg.)

Defn: To apply a cautery to; to cauterize.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen. To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. — To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. — To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. — To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. — To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. "Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes" Shak. — To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. — To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely.

BURN Burn, v. i.

1. To be of fire; to flame. "The mount burned with fire." Deut. ix. 15.

2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat. Your meat doth burn, quoth I. Shak.

3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever. Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way Luke xxiv. 32. The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water. Shak. Burning with high hope. Byron. The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine.

5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. — To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed.

BURN Burn, n.

1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat.

2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn.

3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6.

BURN Burn, n. Etym: [See 1st Bourn.]

Defn: A small stream. [Scot.]

BURNABLE Burn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Combustible. Cotgrave.

BURNED Burned, p. p. & a.

Defn: See Burnt.

BURNED Burned, p. p.

Defn: Burnished. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BURNER Burn"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything.

2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burner (Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. — Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc.

BURNET Bur"net, n. Etym: [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially, P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet. Burnet moth (Zoöl.), in England, a handsome moth (Zygæna filipendula), with crimson spots on the wings. — Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage. — Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis). — Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis.

BURNETTIZE Bur"nett*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnettized (; p. pr. & vb. n. Burnettizing.] (Manuf.)

Defn: To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; — a process invented by Sir William Burnett.

BURNIE Burn"ie, n. Etym: [See 4th Burn.]

Defn: A small brook. [Scot.] Burns.

BURNIEBEE Bur"nie*bee`, n.

Defn: The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.]

BURNING Burn"ing, a.

1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery.

2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal. Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden. Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Euonymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry.

BURNING Burn"ing, n.

Defn: The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. — Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. — Burning house (Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. — Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass.

Syn. — Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.

BURNISH Bur"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Burnishing.] Etym: [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br; cf. MHG. briunen to make brown, polish. See Brown, a.]

Defn: To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper. The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air. Dryden. Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun. Cunningham. Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars.

BURNISH Bur"nish, v. i.

Defn: To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large. A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his brothers do. Dryden. My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert.

BURNISH Bur"nish, n.

Defn: The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw.

BURNISHER Bur"nish*er, n.

1. One who burnishes.

2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses.

BURNOOSE; BURNOUS Bur"noose, Bur"nous, n. Etym: [Ar. burnus a kind of high-crowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. al-bornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.]

1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs.

2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.]

BURNSTICKLE Burn"stic`kle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

BURNT Burnt, p. p. & a.

Defn: Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. — Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam. xxiv. 22.]

BURR Burr, n. Etym: [See Bur.] (Bot.)

1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1.

2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting. The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson.

3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down.

4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping.

5. The lobe or lap of the ear.

6. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; — often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr.

7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8.

BURR Burr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burred; p. pr. & vb. n. Burring.]

Defn: To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs. Browning.

BURREL Bur"rel, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F. beurré butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.]

Defn: A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, from its smooth, delicious, soft pulp.

BURREL Bur"rel, n.

Defn: Same as Borrel.

BURREL FLY Bur"rel fly`. Etym: [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly.

BURREL SHOT Bur"rel shot`. Etym: [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourreler to sting, torture.] (Gun.)

Defn: A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.]

BURRING MACHINE Burr"ing ma*chine".

Defn: A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and other substances.

BURR MILLSTONE Burr" mill"stone`.

Defn: See Buhrstone.

BURRO Bur"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., an ass.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A donkey. [Southern U.S.]

BURROCK Bur"rock, n. Etym: [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + -ock.]

Defn: A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed. Knight.

BURROW Bur"row, n. Etym: [See 1st Borough.]

1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough.

2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse.

4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5.

BURROW Bur"row, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Burrowing.]

1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits.

2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide. Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke. Burrowing owl (Zoöl.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog.

BURROWER Bur"row*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under ground and lives in it.

BURRSTONE Burr"stone`, n.

Defn: See Buhrstone.

BURRY Burr"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry wool.

BURSA Bur"sa, n.; pl. Bursæ (. Etym: [L. See Burse.] (Anat.)

Defn: Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences.

BURSAL Bur"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bursa or to bursæ.

BURSAR Bur"sar, n. Etym: [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf. Purser.]

1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a college, or of a monastery.

2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support.

BURSARSHIP Bur"sar*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a bursar.

BURSARY Bur"sa*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.]

1. The treasury of a college or monastery.

2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. "No woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift." Southey.

BURSCH Bursch, n.; pl. Burschen. Etym: [G., ultimately fr. LL. bursa. See Burse.]

Defn: A youth; especially, a student in a german university.

BURSCHENSCHAFT Bur"schen*schaft`, n.; pl. -schaften (#). [G.]

Defn: In Germany, any of various associations of university students formed (the original one at Jena in 1815) to support liberal ideas, or the organization formed by the affiliation of the local bodies. The organization was suppressed by the government in 1819, but was secretly revived, and is now openly maintained as a social organization, the restrictive laws having been repealed prior to 1849. — Bur"schen*schaft`ler (#), -schaf`ter (#), n.

BURSE Burse, n. Etym: [LL. bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse, and cf. Bursch, Purse.]

1. A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull. [Obs.] Holland.

2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries. [Scot.]

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use. Shipley.

4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of continental Europe. Same as Bourse.

5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.] She says she went to the burse for patterns. Old Play.

BURSICULATE Bur*sic"u*late, a. Etym: [See Burse.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bursiform.

BURSIFORM Bur"si*form, a. Etym: [LL. bursa purse + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a purse.

BURSITIS Bur*si"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. bursa + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a bursa.

BURST Burst, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burst; p. pr. & vb. n. Bursting. The past participle bursten is obsolete.] Etym: [OE. bersten, bresten, AS. berstan (pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. bærst, imp. pl. burston, p.p. borsten); akin to D. bersten, G. bersten, OHG. brestan, OS. brestan, Icel. bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste. Cf. Brast, Break.]

1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring. From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton.

Note: Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc. No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Shak.

2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; — usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope. A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge. To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.

BURST Burst, v. t.

1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors. My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage. Shak.