M M (em). (continued 2)

MAINPERNABLE Main"per*na*ble, a. Etym: [OF. main hand + pernable, for prenable, that may be taken, pregnable. See Mainpernor.] (Law)

Defn: Capable of being admitted to give surety by mainpernors; able to be mainprised.

MAINPERNOR Main"per*nor, n. Etym: [OF. main hand + pernor, for preneor, a taker, F. preneur, fr. prendre to take.] (Law)

Defn: A surety, under the old writ of mainprise, for a prisoner's appearance in court at a day.

Note: Mainpernors differ from bail in that a man's bail may imprison or surrender him before the stipulated day of appearance; mainpernors can do neither; they are bound to produce him to answer all charges whatsoever. Blackstone.

MAINPIN Main"pin, n. (Vehicles)

Defn: A kingbolt.

MAINPRISE Main"prise, n. Etym: [F. main hand + prise a taking, fr. prendre, p. p. pris to take, fr. L. prehendere, prehensum.] (Law) (a) A writ directed to the sheriff, commanding him to take sureties, called mainpernors, for the prisoner's appearance, and to let him go at large. This writ is now obsolete. Wharton. (b) Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance at a day.

MAINPRISE Main"prise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mainprised; p. pr. & vb. n. Mainprising.] (Law)

Defn: To suffer to go at large, on his finding sureties, or mainpernors, for his appearance at a day; — said of a prisoner.

MAINS Mains, n. Etym: [Scot. See Manse.]

Defn: The farm attached to a mansion house. [Scot.]

MAINSAIL Main"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The principal sail in a ship or other vessel. [They] hoised up the mainsail to the wind. Acts xxvii. 40.

Note: The mainsail of a ship is extended upon a yard attached to the mainmast, and that of a sloop or schooner upon the boom.

MAINSHEET Main"sheet`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the ropes by which the mainsail is hauled aft and trimmed.

MAINSPRING Main"spring`, n.

Defn: The principal or most important spring in a piece of mechanism, especially the moving spring of a watch or clock or the spring in a gunlock which impels the hammer. Hence: The chief or most powerful motive; the efficient cause of action.

MAINSTAY Main"stay`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The stay extending from the foot of the foremast to the maintop.

2. Main support; principal dependence. The great mainstay of the Church. Buckle.

MAINSWEAR Main"swear`, v. i. Etym: [AS. manswerian to forswear; man sin, crime + swerian to swear.]

Defn: To swear falsely. [Obs.] Blount.

MAINTAIN Main*tain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maintained; p. pr. & vb. n. Maintaining.] Etym: [OE. maintenen, F. maintenir, properly, to hold by the hand; main hand (L. manus) + F. tenir to hold (L.tenere). See Manual, and Tenable.]

1. To hold or keep in any particular state or condition; to support; to sustain; to uphold; to keep up; not to suffer to fail or decline; as, to maintain a certain degree of heat in a furnace; to maintain a fence or a railroad; to maintain the digestive process or powers of the stomach; to maintain the fertility of soil; to maintain present reputation.

2. To keep possession of; to hold and defend; not to surrender or relinquish. God values . . . every one as he maintains his post. Grew.

3. To continue; not to suffer to cease or fail. Maintain talk with the duke. Shak.

4. To bear the expense of; to support; to keep up; to supply with what is needed. Glad, by his labor, to maintain his life. Stirling. What maintains one vice would bring up two children. Franklin.

5. To affirm; to support or defend by argument. It is hard to maintain the truth, but much harder to be maintained by it. South.

Syn. — To assert; vindicate; allege. See Assert.

MAINTAINABLE Main*tain"a*ble, a.

Defn: That maybe maintained.

MAINTAINER Main*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who maintains.

MAINTAINOR Main*tain"or, n. Etym: [OF. mainteneor, F. mainteneur.] (Crim. Law)

Defn: One who, not being interested, maintains a cause depending between others, by furnishing money, etc., to either party. Bouvier. Wharton.

MAINTENANCE Main"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. maintenance. See Maintain.]

1. The act of maintaining; sustenance; support; defense; vindication. Whatsoever is granted to the church for God's honor and the maintenance of his service, is granted to God. South.

2. That which maintains or supports; means of sustenance; supply of necessaries and conveniences. Those of better fortune not making learning their maintenance. Swift.

3. (Crim. Law)

Defn: An officious or unlawful intermeddling in a cause depending between others, by assisting either party with money or means to carry it on. See Champerty. Wharton. Cap of maintenance. See under Cap.

MAINTOP Main"top`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The platform about the head of the mainmast in square-rigged vessels.

MAIN YARD Main" yard`. (Naut.)

Defn: The yard on which the mainsail is extended, supported by the mainmast.

MAIOID Mai"oid, a. Etym: [Maia + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Maia, or family Maiadeæ.

MAISTER Mais"ter, n.

Defn: Master. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

MAISTER Mais"ter, a.

Defn: Principal; chief. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAISTRE; MAISTRIE; MAISTRY Mais"tre, Mais"trie, Mais"try, n.

Defn: Mastery; superiority; art. See Mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAISTRESS Mais"tress, n.

Defn: Mistress. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MAITHES Mai"thes, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Maghet.

MAIZE Maize, n. Etym: [Sp. maiz. fr. mahiz or mahis, i (Bot.)

Defn: A large species of American grass of the genus Zea (Z. Mays), widely cultivated as a forage and food plant; Indian corn. Also, its seed, growing on cobs, and used as food for men animals. Maize eater (Zoöl.), a South American bird of the genus Pseudoleistes, allied to the troupials. — Maize yellow, a delicate pale yellow.

MAJESTATIC; MAJESTATAL Maj`es*tat"ic, Maj`es*tat"*al, a.

Defn: Majestic. [Obs.] E. Pocock. Dr. J. Scott.

MAJESTIC Ma*jes"tic, a. Etym: [From Majesty.]

Defn: Possessing or exhibiting majesty; of august dignity, stateliness, or imposing grandeur; lofty; noble; grand. "The majestic world." Shak. "Tethys'grave majestic pace." Milton. The least portions must be of the epic kind; all must be grave, majestic, and sublime. Dryden .

Syn. — August; splendid; grand; sublime; magnificent; imperial; regal; pompous; stately; lofty; dignified; elevated.

MAJESTICAL Ma*jes"tic*al, a.

Defn: Majestic. Cowley. An older architecture, greater, cunninger, more majestical. M. Arnold. — Ma*jes"tic*al*ly, adv. — Ma*jes"tic*al*ness, n.

MAJESTICNESS Ma*jes"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being majestic. Oldenburg.

MAJESTY Maj"es*ty, n.; pl. Majesties. Etym: [OE. magestee, F. majesté, L. majestas, fr. an old compar. of magnus great. See Major, Master.]

Defn: The dignity and authority of sovereign power; quality or state which inspires awe or reverence; grandeur; exalted dignity, whether proceeding from rank, character, or bearing; imposing loftiness; stateliness; — usually applied to the rank and dignity of sovereigns. The Lord reigneth; he is clothed with majesty. Ps. xciii. 1. No sovereign has ever represented the majesty of great state with more dignity and grace. Macaulay.

2. Hence, used with the possessive pronoun, the title of an emperor, king or queen; — in this sense taking a plural; as, their majesties attended the concert. In all the public writs which he [Emperor Charles V.] now issued as King of Spain, he assumed the title of Majesty, and required it from his subjects as a mark of respect. Before that time all the monarchs of Europe were satisfied with the appellation of Highness or Grace. Robertson.

3. Dignity; elevation of manner or style. Dryden.

MAJOLICA Ma*jol"i*ca, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A kind of pottery, with opaque glazing and showy, which reached its greatest perfection in Italy in the 16th century.

Note: The term is said to be derived from Majorca, which was an early seat of this manufacture. Heyse.

MAJOR Ma"jor, Etym: [L. major, compar. of magnus great: cf. F. majeur. Cf. Master, Mayor, Magnitude, More, a.]

1. Greater in number, quantity, or extent; as, the major part of the assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the territory.

2. Of greater dignity; more important. Shak.

3. Of full legal age. [Obs.]

4. (Mus.)

Defn: Greater by a semitone, either in interval or in difference of pitch from another tone. Major axis (Geom.), the greater axis. See Focus, n., 2. — Major key (Mus.), a key in which one and two, two and three, four and five, five and six and seven, make major seconds, and three and four, and seven and eight, make minor seconds. — Major offense (Law), an offense of a greater degree which contains a lesser offense, as murder and robbery include assault. — Major premise (Logic), that premise of a syllogism which contains the major term. — Major scale (Mus.), the natural diatonic scale, which has semitones between the third and fourth, and seventh and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees; the scale of the major mode, of which the third is major. See Scale, and Diatonic. — Major second (Mus.), a second between whose tones is a difference in pitch of a step. — Major sixth (Mus.), a sixth of four steps and a half step. In major keys the third and sixth from the key tone are major. Major keys and intervals, as distinguished from minors, are more cheerful. — Major term (Logic), that term of a syllogism which forms the predicate of the conclusion. — Major third (Mus.), a third of two steps.

MAJOR Ma"jor, n. Etym: [F. major. See Major, a.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An officer next in rank above a captain and next below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person of full age.

3. (Logic)

Defn: That premise which contains the major term. It its the first proposition of a regular syllogism; as: No unholy person is qualified for happiness in heaven [the major]. Every man in his natural state is unholy [minor]. Therefore, no man in his natural state is qualified for happiness in heaven [conclusion or inference].

Note: In hypothetical syllogisms, the hypothetical premise is called the major.

4. Etym: [LL. See Major.]

Defn: A mayor. [Obs.] Bacon.

MAJORAT Ma`jo`rat", n. Etym: [F. majorat, LL. majoratus. See Major, a., and cf. Majorate.]

1. The right of succession to property according to age; — so termed in some of the countries of continental Europe.

2. (French Law)

Defn: Property, landed or funded, so attached to a title of honor as to descend with it.

MAJORATE Ma"jor*ate, n.

Defn: The office or rank of a major.

MAJORATE Ma"jor*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. majorare to augment. See Major, a.]

Defn: To augment; to increase. [Obs.] Howell.

MAJORATION Ma`jor*a"tion, n.

Defn: Increase; enlargement. [Obs.] Bacon.

MAJORCAN Ma*jor"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Majorca. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Majorca.

MAJOR-DOMO Ma`jor-do"mo, n. Etym: [Sp. mayordomo, or It. maggiordomo; both fr. LL. majordomus; L. major greater + domus house.]

Defn: A man who has authority to act, within certain limits, as master of the house; a steward; also, a chief minister or officer.

MAJOR GENERAL Ma"jor gen"er*al

Defn: . An officer of the army holding a rank next above that of brigadier general and next below that of lieutenant general, and who usually commands a division or a corps.

MAJORITY Ma*jor"i*ty, n.; pl. Majorities. Etym: [F. majorité. See Major.]

1. The quality or condition of being major or greater; superiority. Specifically: (a) The military rank of a major. (b) The condition of being of full age, or authorized by law to manage one's own affairs.

2. The greater number; more than half; as, a majority of mankind; a majority of the votes cast.

3. Etym: [Cf. L. majores.]

Defn: Ancestors; ancestry. [Obs.]

4. The amount or number by which one aggregate exceeds all other aggregates with which it is contrasted; especially, the number by which the votes for a successful candidate exceed those for all other candidates; as, he is elected by a majority of five hundred votes. See Plurality. To go over to, or To join, the majority, to die.

MAJORSHIP Ma"jor*ship, n.

Defn: The office of major.

MAJOUN Maj"oun, n.

Defn: See Madjoun.

MAJUSCULAE Ma*jus"cu*læ, n. pl. Etym: [L., fem. pl. fr. majusculus somewhat greater or great, dim. of major, majus. See Major.] (Palæography)

Defn: Capital letters, as found in manuscripts of the sixth century and earlier.

MAJUSCULE Ma*jus"cule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. majuscule. See Majusculæ.]

Defn: A capital letter; especially, one used in ancient manuscripts. See Majusculæ. Majuscule writing, writing composed wholly of capital letters, especially the style which prevailed in Europe from the third to the sixth century.

MAKABLE Mak"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being made.

MAKARON Mak"a*ron, n.

Defn: See Macaroon, 2. [Obs.]

MAKE Make, n. Etym: [AS. maca, gemaca. See Match.]

Defn: A companion; a mate; often, a husband or a wife. [Obs.] For in this world no woman is Worthy to be my make. Chaucer.

MAKE Make, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Made; p. pr. & vb. n. Making.] Etym: [OE. maken, makien, AS. macian; akin to OS. mak, OFries. makia, D. maken, G. machen, OHG. mahh to join, fit, prepare, make, Dan. mage. Cf. Match an equal.]

1. To cause to exist; to bring into being; to form; to produce; to frame; to fashion; to create. Hence, in various specific uses or applications: (a) To form of materials; to cause to exist in a certain form; to construct; to fabricate. He . . . fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf. Ex. xxxii. 4.

(b) To produce, as something artificial, unnatural, or false; — often with up; as, to make up a story. And Art, with her contending, doth aspire To excel the natural with made delights. Spenser.

(c) To bring about; to bring forward; to be the cause or agent of; to effect, do, perform, or execute; — often used with a noun to form a phrase equivalent to the simple verb that corresponds to such noun; as, to make complaint, for to complain; to make record of, for to record; to make abode, for to abide, etc. Call for Samson, that he may make us sport. Judg. xvi. 25. Wealth maketh many friends. Prov. xix. 4. I will neither plead my age nor sickness in excuse of the faults which I have made. Dryden.

(d) To execute with the requisite formalities; as, to make a bill, note, will, deed, etc. (e) To gain, as the result of one's efforts; to get, as profit; to make acquisition of; to have accrue or happen to one; as, to make a large profit; to make an error; to make a loss; to make money. He accuseth Neptune unjustly who makes shipwreck a second time. Bacon.

(f) To find, as the result of calculation or computation; to ascertain by enumeration; to find the number or amount of, by reckoning, weighing, measurement, and the like; as, he made the distance of; to travel over; as, the ship makes ten knots an hour; he made the distance in one day. (h) To put a desired or desirable condition; to cause to thrive. Who makes or ruins with a smile or frown. Dryden.

2. To cause to be or become; to put into a given state verb, or adjective; to constitute; as, to make known; to make public; to make fast. Who made thee a prince and a judge over us Ex. ii. 14. See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh. Ex. vii. 1.

Note: When used reflexively with an adjective, the reflexive pronoun is often omitted; as, to make merry; to make bold; to make free, etc.

3. To cause to appear to be; to constitute subjectively; to esteem, suppose, or represent. He is not that goose and ass that Valla would make him. Baker.

4. To require; to constrain; to compel; to force; to cause; to occasion; — followed by a noun or pronoun and infinitive.

Note: In the active voice the to of the infinitive is usually omitted. I will make them hear my words. Deut. iv. 10. They should be made to rise at their early hour. Locke.

5. To become; to be, or to be capable of being, changed or fashioned into; to do the part or office of; to furnish the material for; as, he will make a good musician; sweet cider makes sour vinegar; wool makes warm clothing. And old cloak makes a new jerkin. Shak.

6. To compose, as parts, ingredients, or materials; to constitute; to form; to amount to. The heaven, the air, the earth, and boundless sea, Make but one temple for the Deity. Waller.

7. To be engaged or concerned in. [Obs.] Gomez, what makest thou here, with a whole brotherhood of city bailiffs Dryden.

8. To reach; to attain; to arrive at or in sight of. "And make the Libyan shores." Dryden. They that sail in the middle can make no land of either side. Sir T. Browne. To make a bed, to prepare a bed for being slept on, or to put it in order. — To make a card (Card Playing), to take a trick with it. — To make account. See under Account, n. — To make account of, to esteem; to regard. — To make away. (a) To put out of the way; to kill; to destroy. [Obs.] If a child were crooked or deformed in body or mind, they made him away. Burton. (b) To alienate; to transfer; to make over. [Obs.] Waller. — To make believe, to pretend; to feign; to simulate. — To make bold, to take the liberty; to venture. — To make the cards (Card Playing), to shuffle the pack. — To make choice of, to take by way of preference; to choose. — To make danger, to make experiment. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. — To make default (Law), to fail to appear or answer. — To make the doors, to shut the door. [Obs.] Make the doors upon a woman's wit, and it will out at the casement. Shak. - To make free with. See under Free, a. — To make good. See under Good. — To make head, to make headway. — To make light of. See under Light, a. — To make little of. (a) To belittle. (b) To accomplish easily. — To make love to. See under Love, n. — To make meat, to cure meat in the open air. [Colloq. Western U. S.] — To make merry, to feast; to be joyful or jovial. — To make much of, to treat with much consideration,, attention, or fondness; to value highly. — To make no bones. See under Bone, n. — To make no difference, to have no weight or influence; to be a matter of indifference. — To make no doubt, to have no doubt. — To make no matter, to have no weight or importance; to make no difference. — To make oath (Law), to swear, as to the truth of something, in a prescribed form of law. — To make of. (a) To understand or think concerning; as, not to know what to make of the news. (b) To pay attention to; to cherish; to esteem; to account. "Makes she no more of me than of a slave." Dryden. — To make one's law (Old Law), to adduce proof to clear one's self of a charge. — To make out. (a) To find out; to discover; to decipher; as, to make out the meaning of a letter. (b) To prove; to establish; as, the plaintiff was unable to make out his case. (c) To make complete or exact; as, he was not able to make out the money. — To make over, to transfer the title of; to convey; to alienate; as, he made over his estate in trust or in fee. — To make sail. (Naut.) (a) To increase the quantity of sail already extended. (b) To set sail. — To make shift, to manage by expedients; as, they made shift to do without it. [Colloq.]. — To make sternway, to move with the stern foremost; to go or drift backward. — To make strange, to act in an unfriendly manner or as if surprised; to treat as strange; as, to make strange of a request or suggestion. — To make suit to, to endeavor to gain the favor of; to court. — To make sure. See under Sure. — To make up. (a) To collect into a sum or mass; as, to make up the amount of rent; to make up a bundle or package. (b) To reconcile; to compose; as, to make up a difference or quarrel. (c) To supply what is wanting in; to complete; as, a dollar is wanted to make up the stipulated sum. (d) To compose, as from ingredients or parts; to shape, prepare, or fabricate; as, to make up a mass into pills; to make up a story. He was all made up of love and charms! Addison. (e) To compensate; to make good; as, to make up a loss. (f) To adjust, or to arrange for settlement; as, to make up accounts. (g) To dress and paint for a part, as an actor; as, he was well made up. — To make up a face, to distort the face as an expression of pain or derision. — To make up one's mind, to reach a mental determination; to resolve. — To make water. (a) (Naut.) To leak. (b) To urinate. — To make way, or To make one's way. (a) To make progress; to advance. (b) To open a passage; to clear the way. — To make words, to multiply words.

MAKE Make, v. i.

1. To act in a certain manner; to have to do; to manage; to interfere; to be active; — often in the phrase to meddle or make. [Obs.] A scurvy, jack-a-nape priest to meddle or make. Shak.

2. To proceed; to tend; to move; to go; as, he made toward home; the tiger made at the sportsmen.

Note: Formerly, authors used to make on, to make forth, to make about; but these phrases are obsolete. We now say, to make at, to make away, to make for, to make off, to make toward, etc.

3. To tend; to contribute; to have effect; — with for or against; as, it makes for his advantage. M. Arnold. Follow after the things which make for peace. Rom. xiv. 19. Considerations infinite Do make against it. Shak.

4. To increase; to augment; to accrue.

5. To compose verses; to write poetry; to versify. [Archaic] Chaucer. Tennyson. To solace him some time, as I do when I make. P. Plowman. To make as if, or To make as though, to pretend that; to make show that; to make believe (see under Make, v. t.). Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled. Josh. viii. 15. My lord of London maketh as though he were greatly displeased with me. Latimer. — To make at, to go toward hastily, or in a hostile manner; to attack. — To make away with. (a) To carry off. (b) To transfer or alienate; hence, to spend; to dissipate. (c) To kill; to destroy. — To make off, to go away suddenly. — To make out, to succeed; to be able at last; to make shift; as, he made out to reconcile the contending parties. — To make up, to become reconciled or friendly. — To make up for, to compensate for; to supply an equivalent for. — To make up to. (a) To approach; as, a suspicious boat made up to us. (b) To pay addresses to; to make love to. — To make up with, to become reconciled to. [Colloq.] — To make with, to concur or agree with. Hooker.

MAKE Make, n.

Defn: Structure, texture, constitution of parts; construction; shape; form. It our perfection of so frail a make As every plot can undermine and shake Dryden. On the make,bent upon making great profits; greedy of gain. [Low, U. S.]

MAKE AND BREAK Make and break. (Elec.)

Defn: Any apparatus for making and breaking an electric circuit; a circuit breaker.

MAKEBATE Make"bate`, n. Etym: [Make, v. + bate a quarrel.]

Defn: One who excites contentions and quarrels. [Obs.]

MAKE-BELIEF Make"-be*lief`, n.

Defn: A feigning to believe; make believe. J. H. Newman.

MAKE-BELIEVE Make"-be*lieve`, n.

Defn: A feigning to believe, as in the play of children; a mere pretense; a fiction; an invention. "Childlike make-believe." Tylor. To forswear self-delusion and make-believe. M. Arnold.

MAKE-BELIEVE Make"-be*lieve`, a.

Defn: Feigned; insincere. "Make-believe reverence." G. Eliot.

MAKED Mak"ed, obs. p. p. of Make.

Defn: Made. Chaucer.

MAKE-GAME Make"-game`, n.

Defn: An object of ridicule; a butt. Godwin.

MAKELESS Make"less, a. Etym: [See 1st Make, and cf. Matchless, Mateless.]

1. Matchless. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Without a mate. Shak.

MAKE-PEACE Make"-peace` (-pes`) n.

Defn: A peacemaker. [R.] Shak.

MAKER Mak"er (mak"er) n.,

1. One who makes, forms, or molds; a manufacturer; specifically, the Creator. The universal Maker we may praise. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: The person who makes a promissory note.

3. One who writes verses; a poet. [Obs.]

Note: "The Greeks named the poet poihth`s, which name, as the most excellent, hath gone through other languages. It cometh of this word poiei^n, make; wherein, I know not whether by luck or wisdom, we Englishmen have met well the Greeks in calling him a maker." Sir P. Sidney.

MAKESHIFT Make"shift`, n.

Defn: That with which one makes shift; a temporary expedient. James Mill. I am not a model clergyman, only a decent makeshift. G. Eliot.

MAKE-UP Make"-up`, n.

Defn: The way in which the parts of anything are put together; often, the way in which an actor is dressed, painted, etc., in personating a character. The unthinking masses are necessarily teleological in their mental make-up. L. F. Ward.

MAKEWEIGHT Make"weight` (, n.

Defn: That which is thrown into a scale to make weight; something of little account added to supply a deficiency or fill a gap.

MAKI Ma"ki, n. Etym: [F., from native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lemur. See Lemur.

MAKING Mak"ing, n.

1. The act of one who makes; workmanship; fabrication; construction; as, this is cloth of your own making; the making of peace or war was in his power.

2. Composition, or structure.

3. a poem.[Obs.] Sir J. Davies.

4. That which establishes or places in a desirable state or condition; the material of which something may be made; as, early misfortune was the making of him.

5. External appearance; from. [Obs.] Shak.

MAKING-IRON Mak"ing-i`ron, n.

Defn: A tool somewhat like a chisel with a groove in it, used by calkers of ships to finish the seams after the oakum has been driven in.

MAKING-UP Mak"ing-up`, n.

1. The act of bringing spirits to a certain degree of strength, called proof.

2. The act of becoming reconciled or friendly.

MAL- Mal-

Defn: . A prefix in composition denoting ill,or evil, F. male, adv., fr. malus, bad, ill. In some words it has the form male-, as in malediction, malevolent. See Malice.

Note: The formmale- is chiefly used in cases where the c, either alone or with other letters, is pronounced as a separate syllable, as in malediction, malefactor, maleficent, etc. Where this is not the case, as in malfeasance or male-feasance, malformation or male- formation, etc., as also where the word to which it is prefixed commences with a vowel, as in maladministration, etc., the form malis to be preferred, and is the one commonly employed.

MALA Ma"la, n.; pl. of Malum. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Evils; wrongs; offenses against right and law. Mala in se Etym: [L.] (Law), offenses which are such from their own nature, at common law, irrespective of statute. — Mala prohibita Etym: [L.] (Law), offenses prohibited by statute, as distinguished from mala in se, which are offenses at common law.

MALABAR Mal"a*bar`, n.

Defn: A region in the western part of the Peninsula of India, between the mountains and the sea. Malabar nut (Bot.), the seed of an East Indian acanthaceous shrub, the Adhatoda Vasica, sometimes used medicinally.

MALACATUNE Mal`a*ca*tune", n.

Defn: See Melocoton.

MALACCA Ma*lac"ca, n.

Defn: A town and district upon the seacoast of the Malay Peninsula. Malacca cane (Bot.), a cane obtained from a species of palm of the genus Calamus (C. Scipionum), and of a brown color, often mottled. The plant is a native of Cochin China, Sumatra, and Malays.

MALACHITE Mal"a*chite, n. Etym: [Fr. Gr. malachite. Cf. Mallow.] (Min.)

Defn: Native hydrous carbonate of copper, usually occurring in green mammillary masses with concentric fibrous structure.

Note: Green malachite, or malachite proper, admits of a high polish, and is sometimes used for ornamental work. Blue malachite, or azurite, is a related species of a deep blue color. Malachite green. See Emerald green, under Green, n.

MALACISSANT Mal`a*cis"sant, a. Etym: [See Malacissation.]

Defn: Softening; relaxing. [Obs.]

MALACISSATION Mal`a*cis*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. malacissare to make soft, Gr.

Defn: The act of making soft or supple. [Obs.] Bacon.

MALACOBDELLA Mal`a*cob*del"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nemertean worms, parasitic in the gill cavity of clams and other bivalves. They have a large posterior sucker, like that of a leech. See Illust. of Bdellomorpha.

MALACODERM Mal"a*co*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles (Malacodermata), with a soft and flexible body, as the fireflies.

MALACOLITE Mal"a*co*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of pyroxene.

MALACOLOGIST Mal`a*col"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in the science of malacology.

MALACOLOGY Mal`a*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. malacologie.]

Defn: The science which relates to the structure and habits of mollusks.

MALACOPODA Mal`a*cop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of air-breathing Arthropoda; — called also Protracheata, and Onychophora.

Note: They somewhat resemble myriapods, and have from seventeen to thirty-three pairs of short, imperfectly jointed legs, two pairs of simple jaws, and a pair of antennæ. The trancheæ are connected with numerous spiracles scattered over the surface of the body. Peripatus is the only known genus. See Peripatus.

MALACOPTERYGIAN Mal`a*cop`ter*yg"i*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. malacoptérygien.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Malacopterygii.

MALACOPTERYGII Mal`a*cop`te*ryg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes in which the fin rays, except the anterior ray of the pectoral and dorsal fins, are closely jointed, and not spiny. It includes the carp, pike, salmon, shad, etc. Called also Malacopteri.

MALACOPTERYGIOUS Mal`a*cop`ter*yg"i*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Malacopterygii.

MALACOSTEON Mal`a*cos"te*on, n. Etym: [NL., Gr. fr. (Med.)

Defn: A peculiar disease of the bones, in consequence of which they become softened and capable of being bent without breaking.

MALACOSTOMOUS Mal`a*cos"to*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having soft jaws without teeth, as certain fishes.

MALACOSTRACA Mal`a*cos"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of Crustacea, including Arthrostraca and Thoracostraca, or all those higher than the Entomostraca.

MALACOSTRACAN Mal`a*cos"tra*can, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Malacostraca.

MALACOSTRACOLOGY Mal`a*cos`tra*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Malacostracan + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of zoölogical science which relates to the crustaceans; — called also carcinology.

MALACOSTRACOUS Mal`a*cos"tra*cous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Malacostraca.

MALACOTOON Mal`a*co*toon", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Melocoton.

MALACOZOA Mal`a*co*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of Invertebrata, including the Mollusca, Brachiopoda, and Bryozoa. Called also Malacozoaria.

MALACOZOIC Mal`a*co*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Malacozoa.

MALADDRESS Mal`ad*dress", n. Etym: [Mal- + address.]

Defn: Bad address; an awkward, tactless, or offensive way of accosting one or talking with one. W. D. Howells.

MALADJUSTMENT Mal`ad*just"ment, n. Etym: [Mal- + adjustment.]

Defn: A bad adjustment.

MALADMINISTRATION Mal`ad*min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + administration.]

Defn: Bad administration; bad management of any business, especially of public affairs. [Written also maleadministration.]

MALADROIT Mal`a*droit", a. Etym: [F. See Malice, and Adroit.]

Defn: Of a quality opposed to adroitness; clumsy; awkward; unskillful. — Mal"a*droit`ly, adv. — Mal`a*droit"ness, n.

MALADY Mal"a*dy, n.; pl. Maladies. Etym: [F. maladie, fr. malade ill, sick, OF. also, malabde, fr. L. male habitus, i. e., ill-kept, not in good condition. See Malice, and Habit.]

1. Any disease of the human body; a distemper, disorder, or indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defective, or morbid organic functions; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder. The maladies of the body may prove medicines to the mind. Buckminster.

2. A moral or mental defect or disorder. Love's a malady without a cure. Dryden.

Syn. — Disorder; distemper; sickness; ailment; disease; illness. See Disease.

MALAGA Mal"a*ga, n.

Defn: A city and a province of Spain, on the Mediterranean. Hence, Malaga grapes, Malaga raisins, Malaga wines.

MALAGASH Mal`a*gash", n.

Defn: Same as Malagasy.

MALAGASY Mal`a*gas"y, n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Madagascar; also (sing.), the language.

MALAISE Ma`laise", n. Etym: [F., fr. mal ill + aise ease.] (Med.)

Defn: An indefinite feeling of uneasiness, or of being sick or ill at ease.

MALAMATE Ma*lam"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of malamic acid.

MALAMBO Ma*lam"bo, n. Etym: [Pg.]

Defn: A yellowish aromatic bark, used in medicine and perfumery, said to be from the South American shrub Croton Malambo.

MALAMETHANE Mal`am*eth"ane, n. Etym: [Malamic + ethane.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance forming the ethyl salt of malamic acid.

MALAMIC Ma*lam"ic, a. Etym: [Malic + amic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining an acid intermediate between malic acid and malamide, and known only by its salts.

MALAMIDE Ma*lam"ide, n. Etym: [Malic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: The acid amide derived from malic acid, as a white crystalline substance metameric with asparagine.

MALANDERS Mal"an*ders, n. pl. Etym: [F. malandres, fr. L. malandria blisters or pustules on the neck, especially in horses.] (Far.)

Defn: A scurfy eruption in the bend of the knee of the fore leg of a horse. See Sallenders. [Written also mallenders.]

MALAPERT Mal"a*pert, a. Etym: [OF. malapert unskillful, ill-taught, ill-bred; mal ill + apert open, adroit, intelligent, L. apertus, p. p. of aperire to open. See Malice, and Aperient.]

Defn: Bold; forward; impudent; saucy; pert. Shak. — n.

Defn: A malapert person. Are you growing malapert! Will you force me to make use of my authority Dryden. — Mal"a*pert`ly, adv. — Mal"a*pert`ness, n.

MALAPROPISM Mal"a*prop*ism, n. Etym: [From Mrs. Malaprop, a character in Sheridan's drama, " The Rivals," who makes amusing blunders in her use of words. See Malapropos.]

Defn: A grotesque misuse of a word; a word so used.

MALAPROPOS Mal*ap"ro*pos`, a. & adv. Etym: [F. mal à propos; mal evil + à propos to the purpose.]

Defn: Unseasonable or unseasonably; unsuitable or unsuitably.

MALAPTERURUS Mal*ap`te*ru"rus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of African siluroid fishes, including the electric catfishes. See Electric cat, under Electric.

MALAR Ma"lar, a. Etym: [L. mala the cheek: cf. F. malaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the region of the cheek bone, or to the malar bone; jugal.

MALAR Ma"lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The cheek bone, which forms a part of the lower edge of the orbit.

MALARIA Ma*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [It., contr. fr. malaaria bad air. See Malice, and Air.]

1. Air infected with some noxious substance capable of engendering disease; esp., an unhealthy exhalation from certain soils, as marshy or wet lands, producing fevers; miasma.

Note: The morbific agent in malaria is supposed by some to be a vegetable microbe or its spores, and by others to be a very minute animal blood parasite (an infusorian).

2. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition produced by exhalations from decaying vegetable matter in contact with moisture, giving rise to fever and ague and many other symptoms characterized by their tendency to recur at definite and usually uniform intervals.

MALARIAL; MALARIAN; MALARIOUS Ma*la"ri*al, Ma*la"ri*an, Ma*la"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining, to or infected by, malaria. Malarial fever (Med.), a fever produced by malaria, and characterized by the occurrence of chills, fever, and sweating in distinct paroxysms, At intervals of definite and often uniform duration, in which these symptoms are wholly absent (intermittent fever), or only partially so (remittent fever); fever and ague; chills and fever.

MALARIA PARASITE Malaria parasite.

Defn: Any of several minute protozoans of the genus Plasmodium (syn. Hæmatozoön) which in their adult condition live in the tissues of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles (which see) and when transferred to the blood of man, by the bite of the mosquito, produce malaria. The young parasites, or sporozoites, enter the red blood corpuscles, growing at their expense, undergoing sporulation, and finally destroying the corpuscles, thus liberating in the blood plasma an immense number of small spores called merozoites. An indefinite but not ultimated number of such generations may follow, but if meanwhile the host is bitten by a mosquito, the parasites develop into gametes in the stomach of the insect. These conjugate, the zygote thus produced divides, forming spores, and eventually sporozoites, which, penetrating to the salivary glands of the mosquito, may be introduced into a new host. The attacks of the disease coincide with the dissolution of the corpuscles and liberation of the spores and products of growth of the parasites into the blood plasma. Several species of the parasite are distinguished, as P. vivax, producing tertian malaria; P. malariæ, quartan malaria; and P. (subgenus Laverania) falciferum, the malarial fever of summer and autumn common in the tropics.

MALASHAGANAY Ma`la*sha"ga*nay, n. Etym: [Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fresh-water drumfish (Haploidonotus grunniens).

MALASSIMILATION Mal`as*sim`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + assimilation.] (Physiol.) (a) Imperfect digestion of the several leading constituents of the food. (b) An imperfect elaboration by the tissues of the materials brought to them by the blood.

MALATE Ma"late, n. Etym: [L. malum apple: cf. F. malate. See Malic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of malic acid.

MALAX; MALAXATE Ma"lax, Ma*lax"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. malaxare, malaxatum, cf. Gr. malaxer.]

Defn: To soften by kneading or stirring with some thinner substance. [R.]

MALAXATION Mal`ax*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. malaxatio: cf. F. malaxation.]

Defn: The act of softening by mixing with a thinner substance; the formation of ingredients into a mass for pills or plasters. [R.]

MALAXATOR Mal"ax*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, malaxates; esp., a machine for grinding, kneading, or stirring into a pasty or doughy mass. [R.]

MALAY Ma*lay", n.

Defn: One of a race of a brown or copper complexion in the Malay Peninsula and the western islands of the Indian Archipelago.

MALAY; MALAYAN Ma*lay", Ma*lay"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Malays or their country. — n.

Defn: The Malay language. Malay apple (Bot.), a myrtaceous tree (Eugenia Malaccensis) common in India; also, its applelike fruit.

MALAYALAM Ma"la*ya"lam, n.

Defn: The name given to one the cultivated Dravidian languages, closely related to the Tamil. Yule.

MALBROUCK Mal"brouck, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African arboreal monkey (Cercopithecus cynosurus).

MALCONFORMATION Mal*con`for*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + conformation.]

Defn: Imperfect, disproportionate, or abnormal formation; ill form; disproportion of parts.

MALCONTENT Mal"con*tent`, a. Etym: [F., fr. mal ill + content. See Malice, Content.]

Defn: discontented; uneasy; dissatisfied; especially, dissatisfied with the government. [Written also malecontent.] The famous malcontent earl of Leicester. Milner.

MALCONTENT Mal"con*tent`, n. Etym: [F. malcontent.]

Defn: One who discontented; especially, a discontented subject of a government; one who express his discontent by words or overt acts. Spenser. Berkeley.

MALCONTENTED Mal`con*tent"ed, a.

Defn: Malcontent. — Mal`con*tent"ed*ly, adv. — Mal`con*tent"ed*ness, n.

MALDANIAN Mal*da"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine annelids of the genus Maldane, or family Maldanidæ. They have a slender, round body, and make tubes in the sand or mud.

MALE- Male-

Defn: . See Mal-.

MALE Male, a. Etym: [L. malus. See Malice.]

Defn: Evil; wicked; bad. [Obs.] Marston.

MALE Male, n.

Defn: Same as Mail, a bag. [Obs.] Chaucer.

MALE Male, a. Etym: [F. mâle, OF. masle, mascle, fr. L. masculus male, masculine, dim. of mas a male; possibly akin to E. man. Cf. Masculine, Marry, v. t.]

1. Of or pertaining to the sex that begets or procreates young, or (in a wider sense) to the sex that produces spermatozoa, by which the ova are fertilized; not female; as, male organs.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Capable of producing fertilization, but not of bearing fruit; - - said of stamens and antheridia, and of the plants, or parts of plants, which bear them.

3. Suitable to the male sex; characteristic or suggestive of a male; masculine; as, male courage.

4. Consisting of males; as, a male choir.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: Adapted for entering another corresponding piece (the female piece) which is hollow and which it fits; as, a male gauge, for gauging the size or shape of a hole; a male screw, etc. Male berry (Bot.), a kind of coffee. See Pea berry. — Male fern (Bot.), a fern of the genus Aspidium (A. Filixmas), used in medicine as an anthelmintic, esp. against the tapeworm. Aspidium marginale in America, and A. athamanticum in South Africa, are used as good substitutes for the male fern in medical practice. See Female fern, under Female. — Male rhyme, a rhyme in which only the last syllables agree, as laid, afraid, dismayed. See Female rhyme, under Female. — Male screw (Mech.), a screw having threads upon its exterior which enter the grooves upon the inside of a corresponding nut or female screw. — Male thread, the thread of a male screw.

MALE Male, n.

1. An animal of the male sex.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant bearing only staminate flowers.

MALEADMINISTRATION Male`ad*min`is*tra"tion, n.

Defn: Maladministration.

MALEATE Ma*le"ate, n.

Defn: A salt of maleic acid.

MALEBRANCHISM Male*branch"ism, n.

Defn: The philosophical system of Malebranche, an eminent French metaphysician. The fundamental doctrine of his system is that the mind can not have knowledge of anything external to itself except in its relation to God.

MALECONFORMATION Male*con`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: Malconformation.

MALECONTENT Male"con*tent`, a.

Defn: Malcontent.

MALEDICENCY Mal`e*di"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. maledicentia. See Maledicent.]

Defn: Evil speaking. [Obs.] Atterbury.

MALEDICENT Mal`e*di"cent, a. Etym: [L. maledicens, p. pr. of maledicere to speak ill; male ill + dicere to say, speak. See Malice, and Diction.]

Defn: Speaking reproachfully; slanderous. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

MALEDICT Mal"e*dict, a. Etym: [L. maledictus, p. p. of maledicere.]

Defn: Accursed; abominable. [R.]

MALEDICTION Mal`e*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. maledictio: cf. F. malédiction. See Maledicent.]

Defn: A proclaiming of evil against some one; a cursing; imprecation; a curse or execration; — opposed to benediction. No malediction falls from his tongue. Longfellow.

Syn. — Cursing; curse; execration; imprecation; denunciation; anathema. — Malediction, Curse, Imprecation, Execration. Malediction is the most general term, denoting bitter reproach, or wishes and predictions of evil. Curse implies the desire or threat of evil, declared upon oath or in the most solemn manner. Imprecation is literally the praying down of evil upon a person. Execration is literally a putting under the ban of excommunication, a curse which excludes from the kingdom of God. In ordinary usage, the last three words describe profane swearing, execration being the strongest.

MALEFACTION Mal`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [See Malefactor.]

Defn: A crime; an offense; an evil deed. [R.] Shak.

MALEFACTOR Mal`e*fac"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. malefacere to do evil; male ill, evil + facere to do. See Malice, and Fact.]

1. An evil doer; one who commits a crime; one subject to public prosecution and punishment; a criminal.

2. One who does wrong by injuring another, although not a criminal. [Obs.] H. Brooke. Fuller.

Syn. — Evil doer; criminal; culprit; felon; convict.

MALEFACTRESS Mal`e*fac"tress, n.

Defn: A female malefactor. Hawthorne.

MALEFEASANCE Male*fea"sance, n.

Defn: See Malfeasance.

MALEFIC Ma*lef"ic, a. Etym: [L. maleficus: cf. F. maléfique. See Malefaction.]

Defn: Doing mischief; causing harm or evil; nefarious; hurtful. [R.] Chaucer.

MALEFICE Mal"e*fice, n. Etym: [L. maleficium: cf. F. maléfice. See Malefactor.]

Defn: An evil deed; artifice; enchantment. [Obs.]

MALEFICENCE Ma*lef"i*cence, n. Etym: [L. maleficentia. Cf. Malfeasance.]

Defn: Evil doing, esp. to others.

MALEFICENT Ma*lef"i*cent, a. Etym: [See Malefic.]

Defn: Doing evil to others; harmful; mischievous.

MALEFICIAL Mal`e*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Injurious. Fuller.

MALEFICIATE Mal`e*fi"ci*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. maleficiatus, p. p. of maleficiare to bewitch, fr. L. maleficium. See Malefice.]

Defn: To bewitch; to harm. [Obs.] Burton.

MALEFICIATION Mal`e*fi`ci*a"tion, n.

Defn: A bewitching. [Obs.]

MALEFICIENCE Mal`e*fi"cience, n. Etym: [See Maleficence.]

Defn: The doing of evil, harm, or mischief.

MALEFICIENT Mal`e*fi"cient, a. Etym: [See Maleficent.]

Defn: Doing evil, harm, or mischief.

MALEFORMATION Male`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: See Malformation.

MALEIC Ma*le"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. maléique. See Malic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the ethylene series, metameric with fumaric acid and obtained by heating malic acid.

MALENGINE Ma*len"gine, n. Etym: [OF. malengin; L. malus bad, evil + ingenium natural capacity. See Engine.]

Defn: Evil machination; guile; deceit. [Obs.] Gower.

MALEO Ma"le*o, n. Etym: [From its native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of Celebes (megacephalon maleo), allied to the brush turkey. It makes mounds in which to lay its eggs.

MALE-ODOR Male-o"dor, n.

Defn: See Malodor.

MALEPRACTICE Male*prac"tice, n.

Defn: See Malpractice.

MALE-SPIRITED Male"-spir`it*ed, a.

Defn: Having the spirit of a male; vigorous; courageous. [R.] B. Jonson.

MALET Mal"et, n. Etym: [F. mallette, dim. of malle. See Mail a bag.]

Defn: A little bag or budget. [Obs.] Shelton.

MALETREAT Male*treat", v. t.

Defn: See Maltreat.

MALEVOLENCE Ma*lev"o*lence, n. Etym: [L. malevolentia. See Malevolent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being malevolent; evil disposition toward another; inclination to injure others; ill will. See Synonym of Malice.

MALEVOLENT Ma*lev"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. malevolens, -entis; male ill + volens, p. pr. of velle to be willing or disposed, to wish. See Malice, and Voluntary.]

Defn: Wishing evil; disposed to injure others; rejoicing in another's misfortune.

Syn. — Ill-disposed; envious; mischievous; evil-minded; spiteful; malicious; malignant; rancorous.

MALEVOLENTLY Ma*lev"o*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a malevolent manner.

MALEVOLOUS Ma*lev"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. malevolus; fr. male ill + velle to be disposed.]

Defn: Malevolent. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.

MALEXECUTION Mal*ex`e*cu"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + execution.]

Defn: Bad execution. D. Webster.

MALEYL Ma*le"yl, n. Etym: [Maleic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical derived from maleic acid.

MALFEASANCE Mal*fea"sance, n. Etym: [F. malfaisance, fr. malfaisant injurious, doing ill; mal ill, evil + faisant doing, p. pr. of faire to do. See Malice, Feasible, and cf. Maleficence.] (Law)

Defn: The doing of an act which a person ought not to do; evil conduct; an illegal deed. [Written also malefeasance.]

MALFORMATION Mal`for*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + forniation.]

Defn: Ill formation; irregular or anomalous formation; abnormal or wrong conformation or structure.

MALGRACIOUS Mal*gra"cious, a. Etym: [F. malgracieux.]

Defn: Not graceful; displeasing. [Obs.] Gower.

MALGRE Mal"gre, prep.

Defn: See Mauger.

MALIC Ma"lic, a. Etym: [L. malum an apple: cf. F. malique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, apples; as, malic acid. Malic acid, a hydroxy acid obtained as a substance which is sirupy or crystallized with difficulty, and has a strong but pleasant sour taste. It occurs in many fruits, as in green apples, currants, etc. It is levorotatory or dextrorotatory according to the temperature and concentration. An artificial variety is a derivative of succinic acid, but has no action on polarized light, and thus malic acid is a remarkable case of physical isomerism.

MALICE Mal"ice, n. Etym: [F. malice, fr. L. malitia, from malus bad, ill, evil, prob. orig., dirty, black; cf. Gr. mala dirt. Cf. Mauger.]

1. Enmity of heart; malevolence; ill will; a spirit delighting in harm or misfortune to another; a disposition to injure another; a malignant design of evil. "Nor set down aught in malice." Shak. Envy, hatred, and malice are three distinct passions of the mind. Ld. Holt.

2. (Law)

Defn: Any wicked or mischievous intention of the mind; a depraved inclination to mischief; an intention to vex, annoy, or injure another person, or to do a wrongful act without just cause or cause or excuse; a wanton disregard of the rights or safety of others; willfulness. Malice aforethought or prepense, malice previously and deliberately entertained.

Syn. — Spite; ill will; malevolence; grudge; pique; bitterness; animosity; malignity; maliciousness; rancor; virulence. See Spite. — Malevolence, Malignity, Malignancy. Malice is a stronger word than malevolence, which may imply only a desire that evil may befall another, while malice desires, and perhaps intends, to bring it about. Malignity is intense and deepseated malice. It implies a natural delight in hating and wronging others. One who is malignant must be both malevolent and malicious; but a man may be malicious without being malignant. Proud tyrants who maliciously destroy And ride o'er ruins with malignant joy. Somerville. in some connections, malignity seems rather more pertinently applied to a radical depravity of nature, and malignancy to indications of this depravity, in temper and conduct in particular instances. Cogan.

MALICE Mal"ice, v. t.

Defn: To regard with extreme ill will. [Obs.]

MALICHO Mal"i*cho, n. Etym: [Sp. malhecho; mal bad + hecho deed, L. factum. See Fact.]

Defn: Mischief. [Obs.] Shak.

MALICIOUS Ma*li"cious, a. Etym: [Of. malicius, F. malicieux, fr. L. malitiosus. See Malice.]

1. Indulging or exercising malice; harboring ill will or enmity. I grant him bloody, . . . Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin That has a name. Shak.

2. Proceeding from hatred or ill will; dictated by malice; as, a malicious report; malicious mischief.

3. (Law)

Defn: With wicked or mischievous intentions or motives; wrongful and done intentionally without just cause or excuse; as, a malicious act. Malicious abandonment, the desertion of a wife or husband without just cause. Burrill. — Malicious mischief (Law), malicious injury to the property of another; — an offense at common law. Wharton. — Malicious prosecution or arrest (Law), a wanton prosecution or arrest, by regular process in a civil or criminal proceeding, without probable cause. Bouvier.

Syn. — Ill-disposed; evil-minded; mischievous; envious; malevolent; invidious; spiteful; bitter; malignant; rancorous; malign. — Ma*li"cious*ly, adv. — Ma*li"cious*ness, n.

MALIGN Ma*lign", a. Etym: [L. malignus, for maligenus, i. e., of a bad kind or nature; malus bad + the root of genus birth, race, kind: cf. F. malin, masc., maligne, fem. See Malice, Gender, and cf. Benign, Malignant.]

1. Having an evil disposition toward others; harboring violent enmity; malevolent; malicious; spiteful; — opposed to benign. Witchcraft may be by operation of malign spirits. Bacon.

2. Unfavorable; unpropitious; pernicious; tending to injure; as, a malign aspect of planets.

3. Malignant; as, a malign ulcer. [R.] Bacon.

MALIGN Ma*lign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maligned; p. pr. & vb. n. Maligning.] Etym: [Cf. L. malignare. See Malign, a.]

Defn: To treat with malice; to show hatred toward; to abuse; to wrong; to injure. [Obs.] The people practice what mischiefs and villainies they will against private men, whom they malign by stealing their goods, or murdering them. Spenser.

2. To speak great evil of; to traduce; to defame; to slander; to vilify; to asperse. To be envied and shot at; to be maligned standing, and to be despised falling. South.

MALIGN Ma*lign", v. i.

Defn: To entertain malice. [Obs.]

MALIGNANCE; MALIGNANCY Ma*lig"nance, Ma*lig"nan*cy , n. Etym: [See Malignant.]

1. The state or quality of being malignant; extreme malevolence; bitter enmity; malice; as, malignancy of heart.

2. Unfavorableness; evil nature. The malignancy of my fate might perhaps distemner yours. Shak.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Virulence; tendency to a fatal issue; as, the malignancy of an ulcer or of a fever.

4. The state of being a malignant.

Syn. — Malice; malevolence; malignity. See Malice.

MALIGNANT Ma*lig"nant, a. Etym: [L. malignans, -antis, p. pr. of malignare, malignari, to do or make maliciously. See Malign, and cf. Benignant.]

1. Disposed to do harm, inflict suffering, or cause distress; actuated by extreme malevolence or enmity; virulently inimical; bent on evil; malicious. A malignant and a turbaned Turk. Shak.

2. Characterized or caused by evil intentions; pernicious. "Malignant care." Macaulay. Some malignant power upon my life. Shak. Something deleterious and malignant as his touch. Hawthorne.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to produce death; threatening a fatal issue; virulent; as, malignant diphtheria. Malignant pustule (Med.), a very contagious disease, transmitted to man from animals, characterized by the formation, at the point of reception of the virus, of a vesicle or pustule which first enlarges and then breaks down into an unhealthy ulcer. It is marked by profound exhaustion and usually fatal. Called also charbon, and sometimes, improperly, anthrax.

MALIGNANT Ma*lig"nant, n.

1. A man of extrems enmity or evil intentions. Hooker.

2. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One of the adherents of Charles L. or Charles LL.; — so called by the opposite party.

MALIGNANTLY Ma*lig"nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a malignant manner.

MALIGNER Ma*lign"er, n.

Defn: One who maligns.

MALIGNIFY Ma*lig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Malignified; p. pr. & vb. n. Malignifying.] Etym: [L. malignus malign + -fy.]

Defn: To make malign or malignant. [R.] "A strong faith malignified." Southey.

MALIGNITY Ma*lig"ni*ty, n. Etym: [F. malignité, L. malignitas.]

1. The state or quality of being malignant; disposition to do evil; virulent enmity; malignancy; malice; spite.

2. Virulence; deadly quality. His physicians discerned an invincible malignity in his disease. Hayward.

3. Extreme evilness of nature or influence; perniciousness; heinousness; as, the malignity of fraud. [R.]

Syn. — See Malice.

MALIGNLY Ma*lign"ly, adv.

Defn: In a malign manner; with malignity.

MALINGER Ma*lin"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. MAlingered; p. pr. & vb. n. Malingering.]

Defn: To act the part of a malingerer; to feign illness or inability.

MALINGERER Ma*lin"ger*er, n. Etym: [F. malingre sickly, weakly, prob. from mal ill + OF. heingre, haingre, thin, lean, infirm, fr. L. aeger.]

Defn: In the army, a soldier who feigns himself sick, or who induces or protracts an illness, in order to avoid doing his duty; hence, in general, one who shirks his duty by pretending illness or inability.

MALINGERY Ma*lin"ger*y, n.

Defn: The spirit or practices of a malingerer; malingering.

MALISON Mal"i*son, n. Etym: [OF. maleicon, L. maledictio. See Malediction, and cf. Benison.]

Defn: Malediction; curse; execration. [Poetic] God's malison on his head who this gainsays. Sir W. Scott.

MALKIN Mal"kin, n. Etym: [Dim. of Maud, the proper name. Cf. Grimalkin.] [Written also maukin.]

1. Originally, a kitchenmaid; a slattern. Chaucer.

2. A mop made of clouts, used by the kitchen servant.

3. A scarecrow.[Prov. Eng.]

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A mop or sponge attached to a jointed staff for swabbing out a cannon.

MALL Mall, n. [Written also maul.] Etym: [OE. malle, F. mail, L. malleus. Cf. Malleus.]

1. A large heavy wooden beetle; a mallet for driving anything with force; a maul. Addison.

2. A heavy blow. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. An old game played with malls or mallets and balls. See Pall-mall. Cotton.

4. A place where the game of mall was played. Hence: A public walk; a level shaded walk. Part of the area was laid out in gravel walks, and planted with elms; and these convenient and frequented walks obtained the name of the City Mall. Southey.

MALL Mall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Malled; p. pr. & vb. n. Malling.] Etym: [Cf. OF. mailler. See Mall beetle, and cf. Malleate.]

Defn: To beat with a mall; to beat with something heavy; to bruise; to maul.

MALL Mall, n. Etym: [LL. mallum a public assembly; cf. OHG. mahal assembly, transaction; akin to AS. mæ, me, assembly, m to speak, Goth. mapl market place.]

Defn: Formerly, among Teutonic nations, a meeting of the notables of a state for the transaction of public business, such meeting being a modification of the ancient popular assembly. Hence: (a) A court of justice. (b) A place where justice is administered. (c) A place where public meetings are held. Councils, which had been as frequent as diets or malls, ceased. Milman.

MALLARD Mal"lard, n. Etym: [F. malari,fr. mâle male + -art =-ard. See Male, a., and -ard.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A drake; the male of Anas boschas.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large wild duck (Anas boschas) inhabiting both America and Europe. The domestic duck has descended from this species. Called also greenhead.

MALLEABILITY Mal"le*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [CF. F. malléabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being malleable; — opposed to friability and brittleness. Locke.

MALLEABLE Mal"le*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. malléable, fr. LL. malleare to hammer. See Malleate.]

Defn: Capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer, or by the pressure of rollers; — applied to metals. Malleable iron, iron that is capable of extension or of being shaped under the hammer; decarbonized cast iron. See under Iron. — Malleable iron castings, articles cast from pig iron and made malleable by heating then for several days in the presence of some substance, as hematite, which deprives the cast iron of some of its carbon.

MALLEABLEIZE Mal"le*a*ble*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make malleable.

MALLEABLENESS Mal"le*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being malleable.

MALLEAL Mal"le*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the malleus.

MALLEATE Mal"le*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Malleated; p. pr. & vb. n. Malleating.] Etym: [L. malleatus hammered, fr. malleus a hammer. See Mall, v. t.]

Defn: To hammer; to beat into a plate or leaf.

MALLEATION Mal`le*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. malleatio: cf. OF. malléation.]

Defn: The act or process of beating into a plate, sheet, or leaf, as a metal; extension by beating.

MALLECHO Mal"le*cho, n.

Defn: Same as Malicho.

MALLEE BIRD Mal*lee" bird`. (Zoöl.) Etym: [From native name.]

Defn: The leipoa. See Leipoa.

MALLEMOCK; MALLEMOKE Mal"le*mock, Mal"le*moke, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mollemoke.

MALLENDERS Mal"len*ders, n. pl. (Far.)

Defn: Same as Malanders.

MALLEOLAR Mal*le"o*lar, a. Etym: [See Malleolus.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the malleolus; in the region of the malleoli of the ankle joint.

MALLEOLUS Mal*le"*o*lus, n.; pl. Malleoli. Etym: [L., dim. of malleus hammer.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A projection at the distal end of each bone of the leg at the ankle joint. The malleolus of the tibia is the internal projection, that of the fibula the external.

2. " A layer, " a shoot partly buried in the ground, and there cut halfway through.

MALLET Mal"let, n. Etym: [F. maillet, dim. of mail. See Mall a beetle.]

Defn: A small maul with a short handle, — used esp. for driving a tool, as a chisel or the like; also, a light beetle with a long handle, — used in playing croquet.

MALLEUS Mal"le*us, n.; pl. Mallei. Etym: [L., hammer. See Mall a beetle.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The outermost of the three small auditory bones, ossicles; the hammer. It is attached to the tympanic membrane by a long process, the handle or manubrium. See Illust. of Far.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the hard lateral pieces of the mastax of Rotifera. See Mastax.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve shells; the hammer shell.

MALLOPHAGA Mal*loph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of insects which are parasitic on birds and mammals, and feed on the feathers and hair; — called also bird lice. See Bird louse, under Bird.

MALLOTUS Mal*lo"tus, n. Etym: [NL., fr Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small Arctic fishes. One American species, the capelin (Mallotus villosus), is extensively used as bait for cod.

MALLOW; MALLOWS Mal"low, Mal"lows, n. Etym: [OE. malwe, AS. mealwe, fr. L. malva, akin to Gr. mala`chh; cf. mala`ssein to soften, malako`s soft. Named either from its softening or relaxing properties, or from its soft downy leaves. Cf. Mauve, Malachite.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Malva) having mucilaginous qualities. See Malvaceous.

Note: The flowers of the common mallow (M. sylvestris) are used in medicine. The dwarf mallow (M. rotundifolia) is a common weed, and its flattened, dick-shaped fruits are called cheeses by children. Tree mallow (M. Mauritiana and Lavatera arborea), musk mallow (M. moschata), rose mallow or hollyhock, and curled mallow (M. crispa), are less commonly seen. Indian mallow. See Abutilon. — Jew's mallow, a plant (Corchorus olitorius) used as a pot herb by the Jews of Egypt and Syria. — Marsh mallow. See under Marsh.

MALLOWWORT Mal"low*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the order Malvaceæ.

MALM; MALMBRICK Malm, Malm"brick`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. mealm sand.]

Defn: A kind of brick of a light brown or yellowish color, made of sand, clay, and chalk.

MALMA Mal"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spotted trout (Salvelinus malma), inhabiting Northern America, west of the Rocky Mountains; — called also Dolly Varden trout, bull trout, red-spotted trout, and golet.

MALMAG Mal"mag, n. Etym: [F., from native name in Madagascar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tarsius, or spectral lemur.

MALMSEY Malm"sey, n. Etym: [OE. malvesie, F. malvoisie, It. malvasia, malavagia, fr. Malvasia, or Napoli di Malvasia, in the Morea.]

Defn: A kind of sweet wine from Crete, the Canary Islands, etc. Shak.

MALNUTRITION Mal`nu*tri"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + nutrition.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Faulty or imperfect nutrition.

MALOBSERVATION Mal*ob`ser*va"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + observation.]

Defn: Erroneous observation. J. S Mill.

MALODOR Mal*o"dor, n.

Defn: An Offensive to the sense of smell; ill-smelling. — Mal*o"dor*ous*ness. n. Carlyle.

MALODOROUS Mal*o"dor*ous, a.

Defn: Offensive to the sense of smell; ill-smelling. — Mal*o"dor*ous*ness. n. Carlyle. [1913 Webster]

MALONATE Mal"o*nate, a. (Chem.)

Defn: At salt of malonic acid.

MALONIC Ma*lon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid produced artifically as a white crystalline substance, CH2.(CO2H)2, and so called because obtained by the oxidation of malic acid.

MALONYL Mal"o*nyl, n. Etym: [Malonic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, CH2.(CO)2, from malonic acid.

MALPAIS Mal"pais`, n. [Cf. Sp. mal, malo, bad, and país country.] (Geol.)

Defn: The rough surface of a congealed lava stream. [Southwestern U. S.]

MALPIGHIA Mal*pi"ghi*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Malpighian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical American shrubs with opposite leaves and small white or reddish flowers. The drupes of Malpighia urens are eaten under the name of Barbadoes cherries.

MALPIGHIACEOUS Mal*pi`ghi*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of tropical trees and shrubs (Malpighiaceæ), some of them climbing plants, and their stems forming many of the curious lianes of South American forests.

MALPIGHIAN Mal*pi"ghi*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Marcello Malpighi, an Italian anatomist of the 17th century. Malhighian capsules or corpuscles, the globular dilatations, containing the glomeruli or Malpighian tufts, at the extremities of the urinary tubules of the kidney. Malpighian corpuscles of the spleen, masses of adenoid tissue connected with branches of the splenic artery.

MALPOSITION Mal`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Mal- + position.]

Defn: A wrong position.

MALPRACTICE Mal*prac"tice, n. Etym: [Mal- + practice.]

Defn: Evil practice; illegal or immoral conduct; practice contrary to established rules; specifically, the treatment of a case by a surgeon or physician in a manner which is contrary to accepted rules and productive of unfavorable results. [Written also malepractice.]

MALT Malt, n. Etym: [AS. mealt; akin to D. mout, G. malz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. malt, and E. melt. sq. root108. See Melt.]

Defn: Barley or other grain, steeped in water and dried in a kiln, thus forcing germination until the saccharine principle has been evolved. It is used in brewing and in the distillation of whisky.

MALT Malt, a.

Defn: Relating to, containing, or made with, malt. Malt liquor, an alcoholic liquor, as beer, ale, porter, etc., prepared by fermenting an infusion of malt. — Malt dust, fine particles of malt, or of the grain used in making malt; -used as a fertilizer. " Malt dust consists chiefly of the infant radicle separated from the grain." Sir H. Davy. — Malt floor, a floor for drying malt. — Malt house, or Malthouse, a house in which malt is made. — Malt kiln, a heated chamber for drying malt.

MALT Malt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Malted: p. pr. & vb. n. Malting.]

Defn: To make into malt; as, to malt barley.

MALT Malt, v. i.

Defn: To become malt; also, to make grain into malt. Mortimer.

MALTALENT Mal"ta*lent, n. Etym: [F. See Malice, and Talent.]

Defn: Ill will; malice. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Spenser.

MALTESE Mal*tese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Malta or to its inhabitants. — n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Malta; the people of Malta. Maltese cat (Zoöl.), a mouse-colored variety of the domestic cat. — Maltese cross. See Illust. 5, of Cross. — Maltese dog (Zoöl.), a breed of small terriers, having long silky white hair. The breed originated in Malta.

MALTHA Mal"tha, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A variety of bitumen, viscid and tenacious, like pitch, unctuous to the touch, and exhaling a bituminous odor.

2. Mortar. [Obs.] Holland.

MALTHUSIAN Mal*thu"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the political economist, the Rev. T. R. Malthus, or conforming to his views; as, Malthusian theories.

Note: Malthus held that population tends to increase faster than its means of subsistence can be made to do, and hence that the lower classes must necessarily suffer more or less from lack of food, unless an increase of population be checked by prudential restraint or otherwise.

MALTHUSIAN Mal*thu"sian, n.

Defn: A follower of Malthus.

MALTHUSIANISM Mal*thu"sian*ism, n.

Defn: The system of Malthusian doctrines relating to population.

MALTIN; MALTINE Malt"in, Malt"ine, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The fermentative principle of malt; malt diastase; also, a name given to various medicinal preparations made from or containing malt.

MALTING Malt"ing, n.

Defn: The process of making, or of becoming malt.

MALTMAN Malt"man, n.; pl. Maltmen (.

Defn: A man whose occupation is to make malt.

MALTONIC Mal*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, maltose; specif., designating an acid called also gluconic or dextronic acid. See Gluconic.

MALTOSE Malt"ose`, n. Etym: [From Malt.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline sugar formed from starch by the action of distance of malt, and the amylolytic ferment of saliva and pancreatic juice. It resembles dextrose, but rotates the plane of polarized light further to the right and possesses a lower cupric oxide reducing power.

MALTREAT Mal*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maltreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Maltreating.] Etym: [Mal- + treat: cf. F. maltraiter.]

Defn: To treat ill; to abuse; to treat roughly.

MALTREATMENT Mal*treat"ment, n.; Etym: [Cf. F. maltraitement.]

Defn: Ill treatment; ill usage; abuse.

MALTSTER Malt"ster, n.

Defn: A maltman. Swift.

MALTWORM Malt"worm`, n.

Defn: A tippler. [R.] Shak.

MALTY Malt"y, a.

Defn: Consisting, or like, malt. Dickens.

MALUM Ma"lum, n.; pl. Mala. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An evil. See Mala.

MALVACEOUS Mal*va"ceous, a. Etym: [L. malvaceus, from malva mallows. See Mallow.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Malvaceæ), of which the mallow is the type. The cotton plant, hollyhock, and abutilon are of this order, and the baobab and the silk-cotton trees are now referred to it.

MALVERSATION Mal`ver*sa"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. malverser to be corrupt in office, fr. L. male ill + versari to move about, to occupy one's self, vertere to turn. See Malice, and Verse.]

Defn: Evil conduct; fraudulent practices; misbehavior, corruption, or extortion in office.

MALVESIE Mal"ve*sie, n.

Defn: Malmsey wine. See Malmsey. " A jub of malvesye." Chaucer.

MAM Mam, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. mamma.]

Defn: Mamma.

MAM Mam (mam), n. [Abbrev. fr. mamma.]

Defn: Mamma.

MAMA Ma*ma", n.

Defn: See Mamma.

MAMALUKE Mam"a*luke, n.

Defn: Same as Mameluke.

MAMELON Mam"e*lon, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A rounded hillock; a rounded elevation or protuberance. Westmin. Rev.

MAMELUCO Mam`e*lu"co, n. Etym: [Pg.]

Defn: A child born of a white father and Indian mother. [S. Amer.]

MAMELUKE Mam"e*luke, n. Etym: [F. mamelouk, cf. Sp. mameluco, It. mammalucco; all fr. Ar. maml a purchased slave or captive; lit., possessed or in one's power, p. p. of malaka to possesses.]

Defn: One of a body of mounted soldiers recruited from slaves converted to Mohammedanism, who, during several centuries, had more or less control of the government of Egypt, until exterminated or dispersed by Mehemet Ali in 1811.

MAMILLATED Mam"il*la`ted, a.

Defn: See Mammillated.

MAMMA Mam*ma", n. Etym: [Reduplicated from the infantine word ma, influenced in spelling by L. mamma.]

Defn: Mother; — word of tenderness and familiarity. [Written also mama.] Tell tales papa and mamma. Swift.

MAMMA Mam"ma, n.; pl. Mammæ. Etym: [L. mamma breast.] (Anat.)

Defn: A glandular organ for secreting milk, characteristic of all mammals, but usually rudimentary in the male; a mammary gland; a breast; under; bag.

MAMMAL Mam"mal, n.; pl. Mammals. Etym: [L. mammalis belonging to the breast, fr. mamma the breast or pap: cf. F. mammal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Mammalia. Age of mammals. See under Age, n., 8.

MAMMALIA Mam*ma"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. mammalis. See Mammal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The highest class of Vertebrata. The young are nourished for a time by milk, or an analogous fluid, secreted by the mammary glands of the mother.

Note: Mammalia are divided into threes subclasses; —I. Placentalia. This subclass embraces all the higher orders, including man. In these the fetus is attached to the uterus by a placenta. II. Marsupialia. In these no placenta is formed, and the young, which are born at an early state of development, are carried for a time attached to the teats, and usually protected by a marsupial pouch. The opossum, kangaroo, wombat, and koala are examples. III. Monotremata. In this group, which includes the genera Echidna and Ornithorhynchus, the female lays large eggs resembling those of a bird or lizard, and the young, which are hatched like those of birds, are nourished by a watery secretion from the imperfectly developed mammæ.

MAMMALIAN Mam*ma"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Mammalia or mammals.

MAMMALIFEROUS Mam`ma*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Mammal + -ferous.] (Geol.)

Defn: Containing mammalian remains; — said of certain strata.

MAMMALOGICAL Mam`ma*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to mammalogy.

MAMMALOGIST Mam*mal"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mammalogiste.]

Defn: One versed in mammalogy.

MAMMALOGY Mam*mal"o*gy, n. Etym: [Mamma breast + -logy: cf. f. mammalogie.]

Defn: The science which relates to mammals or the Mammalia. See Mammalia.

MAMMARY Mam"ma*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mammaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mammæ or breasts; as, the mammary arteries and veins.

MAMMEE Mam*mee", n. Etym: [Haytian mamey.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit tree of tropical America, belonging to the genus Mammea (M. Americana); also, its fruit. The latter is large, covered with a thick, tough ring, and contains a bright yellow pulp of a pleasant taste and fragrant scent. It is often called mammee apple.

MAMMER Mam"mer, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. memme coward, poltroon.]

Defn: To hesitate; to mutter doubtfully. [Obs.]

MAMMET Mam"met, n. Etym: [See Mawmet.]

Defn: An idol; a puppet; a doll. [Obs.] Selden. Shak.

MAMMETRY Mam"met*ry, n.

Defn: See Mawmetry. [Obs.]

MAMMIFER Mam"mi*fer, n. Etym: [NL. See Mammiferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mammal. See Mammalia.

MAMMIFEROUS Mam*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Mamma breast + -ferous: cf. F. mammifère.]

Defn: Having breasts; of, pertaining to, or derived from, the Mammalia.

MAMMIFORM Mam"mi*form, a. Etym: [Mamma breast + -form: cf. F. mammiforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a mamma (breast) or mammæ.

MAMMILLA Mam*mil"la, n.; pl. Mammilæ. Etym: [L., dim. of mamma a breast.] (Anat.)

Defn: The nipple.

MAMMILLARY Mam"mil*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mammilaire. See Mammilla.]

1. Of or pertaining to the mammilla, or nipple, or to the breast; resembling a mammilla; mammilloid.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Composed of convex convex concretions, somewhat resembling the breasts in form; studded with small mammiform protuberances.

MAMMILLATE; MAMMILLATED Mam"mil*late, Mam"mil*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Mammilla.]

1. Having small nipples, or small protuberances like nipples or mammæ.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bounded like a nipple; — said of the apex of some shells.

MAMMILLIFORM Mam*mil"li*form, a. Etym: [Mammil + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a mammilla.

MAMMILLOID Mam"mil*loid, a. Etym: [Mammilla + -oid.]

Defn: Like a mammilla or nipple; mammilliform.

MAMMOCK Mam"mock, n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. mam a round hill + -ock.]

Defn: A shapeless piece; a fragment. [Obs.]

MAMMOCK Mam"mock, v. t.

Defn: To tear to pieces. [Obs.] Milton.

MAMMODIS Mam"mo*dis, n. Etym: [F. mamoudis, fr. Hind. mahmudi a muslin.]

Defn: Coarse plain India muslins.

MAMMOLOGY Mam*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Mamma + -logy.]

Defn: Mastology. See Mammalogy.

MAMMON Mam"mon, n. Etym: [L. mammona, Gr. mam; cf. Heb. matm a hiding place, subterranean storehouse, treasury, fr. taman to hide.]

Defn: Riches; wealth; the god of riches; riches, personified. Ye can not serve God and Mammon. Matt. vi. 24.

MAMMONISH Mam"mon*ish, a.

Defn: Actuated or prompted by a devotion to money getting or the service of Mammon. Carlyle.

MAMMONISM Mam"mon*ism, n.

Defn: Devotion to the pursuit of wealth; worldliness. Carlyle.

MAMMONIST Mam"mon*ist, n.

Defn: A mammonite.

MAMMONITE Mam"mon*ite, n.

Defn: One devoted to the acquisition of wealth or the service of Mammon. C. Kingsley.

MAMMONIZATION Mam`mon*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of making mammonish; the state of being under the influence of mammonism.

MAMMONIZE Mam"mon*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make mammonish.

MAMMOSE Mam*mose", a. Etym: [L. mammosus having large breasts, mamma breast.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of the breast; breast-shaped.

MAMMOTH Mam"moth, n. Etym: [Russ. mâmont, mámant, fr. Tartar mamma the earth. Certain Tartar races, the Tungooses and Yakoots, believed that the mammoth worked its way in the earth like a mole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct, hairy, maned elephant (Elephas primigenius), of enormous size, remains of which are found in the northern parts of both continents. The last of the race, in Europe, were coeval with prehistoric man.

Note: Several specimens have been found in Siberia preserved entire, with the flesh and hair remaining. They were imbedded in the ice cliffs at a remote period, and became exposed by the melting of the ice.

MAMMOTH Mam"moth, a.

Defn: Resembling the mammoth in size; very large; gigantic; as, a mammoth ox.

MAMMOTHREPT Mam"mo*thrept, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A child brought up by its grandmother; a spoiled child. [R.] O, you are a more mammothrept in judgment. B. Jonson.

MAMMY Mam"my, n.; pl. Mammies (.

Defn: A child's name for mamma, mother.

MAMZER Mam"zer, n. Etym: [Heb. mámz.]

Defn: A person born of relations between whom marriage was forbidden by the Mosaic law; a bastard. Deut. xxiii. 2 (Douay version).

MAN Man, n.; pl. Men. Etym: [AS. mann, man, monn, mon; akin to OS., D., & OHG. man, G. mann, Icel. maedhr, for mannr, Dan. Mand, Sw. man, Goth. manna, Skr. manu, manus, and perh. to Skr. man to think, and E. mind. sq. root104. Cf. Minx a pert girl.]

1. A human being; — opposed tobeast. These men went about wide, and man found they none, But fair country, and wild beast many [a] one. R. of Glouc. The king is but a man, as I am; the violet smells to him as it doth to me. Shak.

2. Especially: An adult male person; a grown-up male person, as distinguished from a woman or a child. When I became a man, I put away childish things. I Cor. xiii. 11. Ceneus, a woman once, and once a man. Dryden.

3. The human race; mankind. And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness, and let them have dominion. Gen. i. 26. The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.

4. The male portion of the human race. Woman has, in general, much stronger propensity than man to the discharge of parental duties. Cowper.

5. One possessing in a high degree the distinctive qualities of manhood; one having manly excellence of any kind. Shak. This was the noblest Roman of them all . . . the elements So mixed in him that Nature might stand up And say to all the world "This was a man! Shak.

6. An adult male servant; also, a vassal; a subject. Like master, like man. Old Proverb. The vassal, or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, uncovered, and holding up his hands between those of his lord, professed that he did become his man from that day forth, of life, limb, and earthly honor. Blackstone.

7. A term of familiar address often implying on the part of the speaker some degree of authority, impatience, or haste; as, Come, man, we 've no time to lose !

8. A married man; a husband; — correlative to wife. I pronounce that they are man and wife. Book of Com. Prayer. every wife ought to answer for her man. Addison.

9. One, or any one, indefinitely; — a modified survival of the Saxon use of man, or mon, as an indefinite pronoun. A man can not make him laugh. Shak. A man would expect to find some antiquities; but all they have to show of this nature is an old rostrum of a Roman ship. Addison.

10. One of the piece with which certain games, as chess or draughts, are played.

Note: Man is often used as a prefix in composition, or as a separate adjective, its sense being usually self-explaining; as, man child, man eater or maneater, man-eating, man hater or manhater, man-hating, manhunter, man-hunting, mankiller, man-killing, man midwife, man pleaser, man servant, man-shaped, manslayer, manstealer, man- stealing, manthief, man worship, etc. Man is also used as a suffix to denote a person of the male sex having a business which pertains to the thing spoken of in the qualifying part of the compound; ashman, butterman, laundryman, lumberman, milkman, fireman, showman, waterman, woodman. Where the combination is not familiar, or where some specific meaning of the compound is to be avoided, man is used as a separate substantive in the foregoing sense; as, apple man, cloth man, coal man, hardware man, wood man (as distinguished from woodman). Man ape (Zoöl.), a anthropoid ape, as the gorilla. — Man at arms, a designation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries for a soldier fully armed. — Man engine, a mechanical lift for raising or lowering people through considerable distances; specifically (Mining), a contrivance by which miners ascend or descend in a shaft. It consists of a series of landings in the shaft and an equal number of shelves on a vertical rod which has an up and down motion equal to the distance between the successive landings. A man steps from a landing to a shelf and is lifted or lowered to the next landing, upon which he them steps, and so on, traveling by successive stages. — Man Friday, a person wholly subservient to the will of another, like Robinson Crusoe's servant Friday. — Man of straw, a puppet; one who is controlled by others; also, one who is not responsible pecuniarily. — Man-of-the earth (Bot.), a twining plant (Ipomoea pandurata) with leaves and flowers much like those of the morning-glory, but having an immense tuberous farinaceous root. — Man of war. (a) A warrior; a soldier. Shak. (b) (Naut.) See in the Vocabulary. — To be one's own man, to have command of one's self; not to be subject to another.

MAN Man, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manned; p. pr. & vb. n. Manning.]

1. To supply with men; to furnish with a sufficient force or complement of men, as for management, service, defense, or the like; to guard; as, to man a ship, boat, or fort. See how the surly Warwick mans the wall ! Shak. They man their boats, and all their young men arm. Waller.

2. To furnish with strength for action; to prepare for efficiency; to fortify. "Theodosius having manned his soul with proper reflections." Addison.

3. To tame, as a hawk. [R.] Shak.

4. To furnish with a servants. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To wait on as a manservant. [Obs.] Shak.

Note: In "Othello," V. ii. 270, the meaning is uncertain, being, perhaps: To point, to aim, or to manage. To man a yard (Naut.), to send men upon a yard, as for furling or reefing a sail. — To man the yards (Naut.), to station men on the yards as a salute or mark of respect.

MANABLE Man"a*ble, a.

Defn: Marriageable.[Obs.]

MANACE Man"ace, n. & v.

Defn: Same as Menace. [Obs.]

MANACLE Man"a*cle, n. Etym: [OE. manicle, OF. manicle, F. manicle sort glove, manacle, L. manicula a little hand, dim. of manus hand; cf. L. manica sleeve, manacle, fr.manus. See Manual.]

Defn: A handcuff; a shackle for the hand or wrist; — usually in the plural. Doctrine unto fools is as fetters on the feet, and like manacles on the right hand. Ecclus. xxi. 19.

MANACLE Man"a*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manacled; p. pr. & vb. n. Manacling.]

Defn: To put handcuffs or other fastening upon, for confining the hands; to shackle; to confine; to restrain from the use of the limbs or natural powers. Is it thus you use this monarch, to manacle and shackle him hand and foot Arbuthnot.

MANAGE Man"age, n. Etym: [F. manège, It. maneggio, fr. maneggiare to manage, fr. L.manushand. Perhaps somewhat influenced by F. ménage housekeeping, OF. mesnage, akin to E. mansion. See Manual, and cf. Manege.]

Defn: The handling or government of anything, but esp. of a horse; management; administration. See Manege. [Obs.] Young men, in the conduct and manage of actions, embrace more than they can hold. Bacon. Down, down I come; like glistering Phaëthon Wanting the manage of unruly jades. Shak. The unlucky manage of this fatal brawl. Shak.

Note: This word, in its limited sense of management of a horse, has been displaced by manege; in its more general meaning, by management.

MANAGE Man"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Managed; p. pr. & vb. n. Managing.] Etym: [From Manage, n.]

1. To have under control and direction; to conduct; to guide; to administer; to treat; to handle. Long tubes are cumbersome, and scarce to be easily managed. Sir I. Newton. What wars Imanage, and what wreaths I gain. Prior.

2. Hence: Esp., to guide by careful or delicate treatment; to wield with address; to make subservient by artful conduct; to bring around cunningly to one's plans. It was so much his interest to manage his Protestant subjects. Addison . It was not her humor to manage those over whom she had gained an ascendant. Bp. Hurd.

3. To train in the manege, as a horse; to exercise in graceful or artful action.

4. To treat with care; to husband. Dryden.

5. To bring about; to contrive. Shak.

Syn. — To direct; govern; control; wield; order; contrive; concert; conduct; transact.

MANAGE Man"age, v. i.

Defn: To direct affairs; to carry on business or affairs; to administer. Leave them to manage for thee. Dryden .

MANAGEABILITY Man`age*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being manageable; manageableness.

MANAGEABLE Man"age*a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be managed or used; suffering control; governable; tractable; subservient; as, a manageable horse.

Syn. — Governable; tractable; controllable; docile. — Man"age*a*ble*ness, n. — Man"age*a*bly, adv.

MANAGELESS Man"age*less, a.

Defn: Unmanageable.[R.]

MANAGEMENT Man"age*ment, n. Etym: [From Manage, v.]

1. The act or art of managing; the manner of treating, directing, carrying on, or using, for a purpose; conduct; administration; guidance; control; as, the management of a family or of a farm; the management of state affairs. "The management of the voice." E. Porter.

2. Business dealing; negotiation; arrangement. He had great managements with ecclesiastics. Addison .

3. Judicious use of means to accomplish an end; conduct directed by art or address; skillful treatment; cunning practice; — often in a bad sense. Mark with what management their tribes divide Some stick to you, and some to t'other side. Dryden.

4. The collective body of those who manage or direct any enterprise or interest; the board of managers.

Syn. — Conduct; administration; government; direction; guidance; care; charge; contrivance; intrigue.

MANAGER Man"a*ger, n.

1. One who manages; a conductor or director; as, the manager of a theater. A skillful manager of the rabble. South.

2. A person who conducts business or household affairs with economy and frugality; a good economist. A prince of great aspiring thoughts; in the main, a manager of his treasure. Sir W. Temple.

3. A contriver; an intriguer. Shak.

MANAGERIAL Man`a*ge"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to management or a manager; as, managerial qualities. "Managerial responsibility." C. Bronté.

MANAGERSHIP Man"a*ger*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of a manager.

MANAGERY Man"age*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. menagerie, mesnagerie. See Manage, n., and cf. Menagerie.]

1. Management; manner of using; conduct; direction.

2. Husbandry; economy; frugality. Bp. Burnet.

MANAKIN Man"a*kin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & G. manakin; prob. the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small birds belonging to Pipra, Manacus, and other genera of the family Pipridæ. They are mostly natives of Central and South America. some are bright-colored, and others have the wings and tail curiously ornamented. The name is sometimes applied to related birds of other families.

MANAKIN Man"a*kin, n.

Defn: A dwarf. See Manikin. Shak.

MANATEE Man`a*tee", n. Etym: [Sp. manatí, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. Lamantin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Trichechus, a genus of sirenians; — called alsosea cow. [Written also manaty, manati.]

Note: One species (Trichechus Senegalensis) inhabits the west coast of Africa; another (T. Americanus) inhabits the east coast of South America, and the West-Indies. The Florida manatee (T. latirostris) is by some considered a distinct species, by others it is thought to be a variety of T. Americanus. It sometimes becomes fifteen feet or more in length, and lives both in fresh and salt water. It is hunted for its oil and flesh.

MANATION Ma*na"tion, n.Etym: [L.manatio, fr. manare to flow.]

Defn: The act of issuing or flowing out. [Obs.]

MANBIRD Man"bird`, n.

Defn: An aviator. [Colloq.]

MANBOTE Man"bote`, n. Etym: [AS. man man, vassal + bot recompense.] (Anglo- Saxon Law)

Defn: A sum paid to a lord as a pecuniary compensation for killing his man (that is, his vassal, servant, or tenant). Spelman.

MANCA Man"ca, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: See Mancus.

MANCHE Manche, n. [Also maunch.] Etym: [F. manche, fr. L. manica. See Manacle.]

Defn: A sleeve. [Obs.]

MANCHET Man"chet, n.

Defn: Fine white bread; a loaf of fine bread. [Archaic] Bacon. Tennyson.

MANCHINEEL Man`chi*neel", n. Etym: [Sp. manzanillo, fr. manzana an apple, fr. L. malum Matianum a kind of apple. So called from its apple-like fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: A euphorbiaceous tree (Hippomane Mancinella) of tropical America, having a poisonous and blistering milky juice, and poisonous acrid fruit somewhat resembling an apple. Bastard manchineel, a tree (Cameraria latifolia) of the East Indies, having similar poisonous properties. Lindley.

MANCHU Man*chu", a. Etym: [Written also Manchoo, Mantchoo, etc.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Manchuria or its inhabitants. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Manchuria; also, the language spoken by the Manchus.

MANCIPATE Man"ci*pate, v. t. Etym: [L. mancipatus, p. p. of mancipare to sell. Cf. Emancipate.]

Defn: To enslave; to bind; to restrict. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

MANCIPATION Man`ci*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. mancipatio a transfer.]

Defn: Slavery; involuntary servitude. [Obs.] Johnson.

MANCIPLE Man"ci*ple, n. Etym: [From OF. mancipe slave, servant (with l inserted, as in participle), fr. L. mancipium. See Mancipate.]

Defn: A steward; a purveyor, particularly of a college or Inn of Court. Chaucer.

MANCONA BARK Man*co"na bark`

Defn: . See Sassy bark.

MANCUS Man"cus, n. Etym: [AS.]

Defn: An old Anglo Saxon coin both of gold and silver, and of variously estimated values. The silver mancus was equal to about one shilling of modern English money.

-MANCY -man`cy. Etym: [Gr. -mancie.]

Defn: A combining form denoting divination; as, aleuromancy, chiromancy, necromancy, etc.

MAND Mand, n.

Defn: A demand. [Obs.] See Demand.

MANDAMUS Man*da"mus, n. Etym: [L., we command, fr. mandare to command.] (Law)

Defn: A writ issued by a superior court and directed to some inferior tribunal, or to some corporation or person exercising authority, commanding the performance of some specified duty.

MANDARIN Man`da*rin", n. Etym: [Pg. mandarim, from Malay mantri minister of state, prop. a Hind. word, fr. Skr. mantrin a counselor, manira a counsel, man to think.]

1. A Chinese public officer or nobleman; a civil or military official in China and Annam.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A small orange, with easily separable rind. It is thought to be of Chinese origin, and is counted a distinct species (Citrus nobilis)mandarin orange; tangerine. Mandarin duck (Zoöl.), a beautiful Asiatic duck (Dendronessa galericulata), often domesticated, and regarded by the Chinese as an emblem of conjugal affection. — Mandarin language, the spoken or colloquial language of educated people in China. — Mandarin yellow (Chem.), an artificial aniline dyestuff used for coloring silk and wool, and regarded as a complex derivative of quinoline.

MANDARINATE Man`da*rin"ate, n.

Defn: The collective body of officials or persons of rank in China. S. W. Williams.

MANDARINIC Man`da*rin"ic, a.

Defn: Appropriate or peculiar to a mandarin.

MANDARINING Man`da*rin"ing, n. (Dyeing)

Defn: The process of giving an orange color to goods formed of animal tissue, as silk or wool, not by coloring matter, but by producing a certain change in the fiber by the action of dilute nitric acid. Tomlinson.

MANDARINISM Man`da*rin"ism, n.

Defn: A government mandarins; character or spirit of the mandarins. F. Lieder.

MANDATARY Man"da*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. mandatarius, fr. mandatum a charge, commission, order: cf. F. mandataire. See Mandate.]

1. One to whom a command or charge is given; hence, specifically, a person to whom the pope has, by his prerogative, given a mandate or order for his benefice. Ayliffe.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who undertakes to discharge a specific business commission; a mandatory. Wharton.

MANDATE Man"date, n. Etym: [L. mandatum, fr. mandare to commit to one's charge, order, orig., to put into one's hand; manus hand + dare to give: cf. F. mandat. See Manual, Date a time, and cf. Commend, Maundy Thursday.]

1. An official or authoritative command; an order or injunction; a commission; a judicial precept. This dream all-powerful Juno; I bear Her mighty mandates, and her words you hear. Dryden.

2. (Canon Law)

Defn: A rescript of the pope, commanding an ordinary collator to put the person therein named in possession of the first vacant benefice in his collation.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: A contract by which one employs another to manage any business for him. By the Roman law, it must have been gratuitous. Erskine.

MANDATOR Man*da"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. A director; one who gives a mandate or order. Ayliffe.

2. (Rom. Law)

Defn: The person who employs another to perform a mandate. Bouvier.

MANDATORY Man"da*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. mandatorius.]

Defn: Containing a command; preceptive; directory.

MANDATORY Man"da*to*ry, n.

Defn: Same as Mandatary.

MANDELATE Man"del*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of mandelic acid.

MANDELIC Man*del"ic, a. Etym: [G. mandel almond.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to an acid first obtained from benzoic aldehyde (oil of better almonds), as a white crystalline substance; — called also phenyl glycolic acid.

MANDER Man"der, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Maunder.

MANDERIL Man"der*il, n.

Defn: A mandrel.

MANDIBLE Man"di*ble, n. Etym: [L. mandibula, mandibulum, fr. mandere to chew. Cf. Manger.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The bone, or principal bone, of the lower jaw; the inferior maxilla; — also applied to either the upper or the lower jaw in the beak of birds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior pair of mouth organs of insects, crustaceaus, and related animals, whether adapted for biting or not. See Illust. of Diptera.

MANDIBULAR Man*dib"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. mandibulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mandible; like a mandible. — n.

Defn: The principal mandibular bone; the mandible. Mandibular arch (Anat.), the most anterior visceral arch, — that in which the mandible is developed.

MANDIBULATE; MANDIBULATED Man*dib"u*late, Man*dib"u*la`ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Provided with mandibles adapted for biting, as many insects.

MANDIBULATE Man*dib"u*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect having mandibles.

MANDIBULIFORM Man`di*bu"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a mandible; — said especially of the maxillæ of an insect when hard and adapted for biting.

MANDIBULOHYOID Man*dib`u*lo*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining both to the mandibular and the hyoid arch, or situated between them.

MANDIL Man"dil, n. Etym: [OF. mandil; cf. Sp. & Pg. mandil a coarse apron, a haircloth; all from Ar. mandil tablecloth, handkerchief, mantle, fr. LGr. mantile, mantele. See Mantle.]

Defn: A loose outer garment worn the 16th and 17th centuries.

MANDILION Man*dil"ion, n.

Defn: See Mandil. Chapman.

MANDINGOS Man*din"gos, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Mandingo. (Ethnol.) An extensive and powerful tribe of West African negroes.

MANDIOC; MANDIOCA Man"di*oc, Man`di*o"ca, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Manioc.

MANDLESTONE Man"dle*stone`, n. Etym: [G. mandelstein almond stone.] (Min.)

Defn: Amygdaloid.

MANDMENT Mand"ment, n.

Defn: Commandment. [Obs.]

MANDOLA Man*do"la, n. [It. See Mandolin.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument closely resembling the mandolin, but of larger size and tuned lower.

MANDOLIN; MANDOLINE Man"do*lin, Man"do*line, n. Etym: [F. mandoline, It. mandolino, dim. of mandola, fr. L. pandura. See Bandore.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small and beautifully shaped instrument resembling the lute.

MANDORE Man"dore, n. Etym: [See Mandolin, and Bandore.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of four-stringed lute.

MANDRAGORA Man*drag"o*ra, n. Etym: [L., mandragoras the mandrake.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants; the mandrake. See Mandrake, 1.

MANDRAGORITE Man*drag"o*rite, n.

Defn: One who habitually intoxicates himself with a narcotic obtained from mandrake.

MANDRAKE Man"drake, n. Etym: [AS. mandragora, L. mandragoras, fr. Gr. mandragore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A low plant (Mandragora officinarum) of the Nightshade family, having a fleshy root, often forked, and supposed to resemble a man. It was therefore supposed to have animal life, and to cry out when pulled up. All parts of the plant are strongly narcotic. It is found in the Mediterranean region. And shrieks like mandrakes, torn out of the earth, That living mortals, hearing them, run mad. Shak.

Note: The mandrake of Scripture was perhaps the same plant, but proof is wanting.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The May apple (Podophyllum peltatum). See May apple under May, and Podophyllum. [U.S.]

MANDREL Man"drel, n. Etym: [F. mandrin, prob. through (assumed) LL. mamphurinum, fr. L. mamphur a bow drill.] (Mach.) (a) A bar of metal inserted in the work to shape it, or to hold it, as in a lathe, during the process of manufacture; an arbor. (b) The live spindle of a turning lathe; the revolving arbor of a circular saw. It is usually driven by a pulley. [Written also manderil.] Mandrel lathe, a lathe with a stout spindle, adapted esp. for chucking, as for forming hollow articles by turning or spinning.

MANDRILL Man"drill, n. Etym: [Cf. F. mandrille, Sp. mandril, It. mandrillo; prob. the native name in Africa. Cf. Drill an ape.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: a large West African baboon (Cynocephalus, or Papio, mormon). The adult male has, on the sides of the nose, large, naked, grooved swellings, conspicuously striped with blue and red.

MANDUCABLE Man"du*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. manducable. See Manducate.]

Defn: Such as can be chewed; fit to be eaten. [R.] Any manducable creature. Sir T. Herbert.

MANDUCATE Man"du*cate v. t. [imp. & p. p. Manducated; p. pr. & vb. n. Manducating.] Etym: [L. manducatus, p. p. of manducare to chew. See Manger.]

Defn: To masticate; to chew; to eat. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

MANDUCATION Man`du*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. manducatio: cf. F. manducation.]

Defn: The act of chewing. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

MANDUCATORY Man"du*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, chewing.

MANDUCUS Man*du"cus, n. Etym: [L., fr. manducare to chew.] (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A grotesque mask, representing a person chewing or grimacing, worn in processions and by comic actors on the stage.

MANE Mane, n. Etym: [AS. manu; akin to OD. mane, D. maan, G. mähne, OHG. mana, Icel. mön, Dan. & Sw. man, AS. mene necklace, Icel. men, L. monile, Gr. manya neck muscles. sq. root275.]

Defn: The long and heavy hair growing on the upper side of, or about, the neck of some quadrupedal animals, as the horse, the lion, etc. See Illust. of Horse.

MAN-EATER Man"-eat`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One who, or that which, has an appetite for human flesh; specifically, one of certain large sharks (esp. Carcharodon Rondeleti); also, a lion or a tiger which has acquired the habit of feeding upon human flesh.

MANED Maned, a.

Defn: Having a mane. Maned seal (Zoöl.), the sea lion. — Maned sheep (Zoöl.), the aoudad.

MANEGE Ma*nege", n. Etym: [F. manège. See Manage, n.]

1. Art of horsemanship, or of training horses

2. A school for teaching horsemanship, and for training horses. Chesterfield.

MANEH Ma"neh, n. Etym: [Heb. maneh.]

Defn: A Hebrew weight for gold or silver, being one hundred shekels of gold and sixty shekels of silver. Ezek. xlv. 12.

MANELESS Mane"less, a.

Defn: Having no mane. Maneless lion (Zoöl.), a variety of the lion having a short, inconspicuous mane. It inhabits Arabia and adjacent countries.

MANEQUIN Man"e*quin, n. Etym: [See Manikin.]

Defn: An artist's model of wood or other material.

MANERIAL Ma*ne"ri*al, a.

Defn: See Manorial.

MANES Ma"nes, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The benevolent spirits of the dead, especially of dead ancestors, regarded as family deities and protectors. Hail, O ye holy manes! Dryden.

MANESHEET Mane"sheet`, n.

Defn: A covering placed over the upper part of a horse's head.