H (continued 2)

Note: Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand- blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination. Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc. — Hand basket, a small or portable basket. — Hand bell, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon. — Hand bill, a small pruning hook. See 4th Bill. — Hand car. See under Car. — Hand director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide. — Hand drop. See Wrist drop. — Hand gallop. See under Gallop. — Hand gear (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand. — Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A small mirror with a handle. — Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above). — Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology. — Hand lathe. See under Lathe. — Hand money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money. — Hand organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. — Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below). — Hand rail, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. — Hand sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W. Temple. — Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the hand. — Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights; (Carp.) a screw clamp. — Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9. — Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc. — Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand. — Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. — Hand work, or Handwork, work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork. — All hands, everybody; all parties. — At all hands, On all hands, on all sides; from every direction; generally. — At any hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account. "And therefore at no hand consisting with the safety and interests of humility." Jer. Taylor. — At first hand, At second hand. See def. 10 (above). — At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is at hand; I hear his trumpet." Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] "Horses hot at hand." Shak. — At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from. "Shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil" Job ii. 10. — Bridle hand. See under Bridle. — By hand, with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand. — Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger." Job xvii. 9. — From hand to hand, from one person to another. — Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b) Just; fair; equitable. As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison. Shak. — Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over hand. — Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.] Bacon. — Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running. — Hand off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! — Hand to hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest. Dryden. — Heavy hand, severity or oppression. — In hand. (a) Paid down. "A considerable reward in hand, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter." Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking place. Chaucer. "Revels . . . in hand." Shak. (c) Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business in hand. — In one's hand or hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my hand. — Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons. — Light hand, gentleness; moderation. — Note of hand, a promissory note. — Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up out of hand." Spenser. — Off one's hands, out of one's possession or care. — On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on hand. — On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management. — Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing. — Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength. — Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth. — Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. — To bear a hand (Naut), to give help quickly; to hasten. — To bear in hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses. [Obs.] Shak. — To be hand and glove, or in glove with. See under Glove. — To be on the mending hand, to be convalescent or improving. — To bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling it. — To change hand. See Change. — To change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. — To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together. — To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday. — To get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.] Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them. Baxter. — To got one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business. — To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in. — To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or control. Chaucer. (b) To be engaged upon or occupied with. — To have one's hands full, to have in hand al that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties. — To have, or get, the (higher) upper hand, to have, or get, the better of another person or thing. — To his hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared. "The work is made to his hands." Locke. — To hold hand, to compete successfully or on even conditions. [Obs.] Shak. — To lay hands on, to seize; to assault. — To lend a hand, to give assistance. — To lift, or put forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to kill. — To live from hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision. — To make one's hand, to gain advantage or profit. — To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.— To put the last, or finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect. — To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake. That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to. Deut. xxiii. 20. — To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one. — To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. — To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize and deal with; as, he took him in hand. — To wash the hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. — Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner.

HAND Hand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handing.]

1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter.

2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a lady into a carriage.

3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior.

4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.]

6. (Naut.)

Defn: To furl; — said of a sail. Totten. To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. — To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.

HAND Hand, v. i.

Defn: To coöperate. [Obs.] Massinger.

HANDBALL Hand"ball`, n.

1. A ball for throwing or using with the hand.

2. A game played with such a ball, as by players striking it to and fro between them with the hands, or alternately against a wall, until one side or the other fails to return the ball.

HANDBARROW Hand"bar"row, n.

Defn: A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.

HANDBILL Hand"bill`, n.

1. A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.

2. A pruning hook. [Usually written hand bill.]

HANDBOOK Hand"book`, n. Etym: [Hand + book; cf. AS. handb, or G. handbuch.]

Defn: A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook.

HANDBREADTH Hand"breadth`, n.

Defn: A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex. xxxvii. 12.

HANDCART Hand"cart`, n.

Defn: A cart drawn or pushed by hand.

HANDCLOTH Hand"cloth`, n.

Defn: A handkerchief.

HANDCRAFT Hand"craft`, n.

Defn: Same as Handicraft.

HANDCRAFTSMAN Hand"crafts`man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A handicraftsman.

HANDCUFF Hand"cuff`, n. Etym: [AS. handcops; hand hand + cosp, cops, fetter. The second part was confused with E. cuffs,]

Defn: A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; — usually in the plural.

HANDCUFF Hand"cuff`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handcuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handcuffing.]

Defn: To apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754).

HANDED Hand"ed, a.

1. With hands joined; hand in hand. Into their inmost bower, Handed they went. Milton.

2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand. As poisonous tongued as handed. Shak.

Note: Handed is used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many) hands; as, bloody-handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left- handed; single-handed.

HANDER Hand"er, n.

Defn: One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession. Dryden.

HANDFAST Hand"fast`, n.

1. Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Contract; specifically, espousal. [Obs.]

HANDFAST Hand"fast`, a.

Defn: Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.] Bale.

HANDFAST Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Handfasting.]

Defn: To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. [Obs.]

HANDFAST Hand"fast`, n. Etym: [G. handfest; hand hand + fest strong. See Fast.]

Defn: Strong; steadfast.[R.] Carlyle.

HANDFASTLY Hand"fast`ly, adv.

Defn: In a handfast or publicly pledged manner. [Obs.] Holinshed.

HANDFISH Hand"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The frogfish.

HANDFUL Hand"ful, n.; pl. Hand flus. Etym: [AS. handfull.]

1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison.

2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.] Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom. Bacon.

3. A small quantity. This handful of men were tied to very hard duty. Fuller. To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. [Obs.] They had their handful to defend themselves from firing. Sir. W. Raleigh.

HAND-HOLE Hand"-hole, n. (Steam Boilers)

Defn: A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc. Hand-hole plate, the cover of a hand-hole.

HANDICAP Hand"i*cap, n. Etym: [From hand in cap; — perh. in reference to an old mode of setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.]

1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success; as, the handicap was five seconds, or ten pounds, and the like.

2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.

3. An old game at cards. [Obs.] Pepys.

HANDICAP Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handicapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Handicapping.]

Defn: To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily handicapped.

HANDICAPPER Hand"i*cap`per, n.

Defn: One who determines the conditions of a handicap.

HANDICRAFT Hand"i*craft, n. Etym: [For handcraft, influenced by handiwork; AS. handcræft.]

1. A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft. Addison.

2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman. [R.] Dryden.

HANDICRAFTSMAN Hand"i*crafts`man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: A man skilled or employed in handcraft. Bacon.

HANDILY Hand"i*ly, adv. Etym: [See Handy.]

Defn: In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently.

HANDINESS Hand"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being handy.

HANDIRON Hand"i`ron, n.

Defn: See Andrion. [Obs.]

HANDIWORK Hand"i*work`, n. Etym: [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand + geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.]

Defn: Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally. The firmament showeth his handiwork. Ps. xix. 1.

HANDKERCHER Hand"ker*cher, n.

Defn: A handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chapman (1654). Shak.

HANDKERCHIEF Hand"ker*chief (hân"ker*chîf; 277), n. Etym: [Hand + kerchief.]

1. A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face or hands.

2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.

HANDLE Han"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handled; p. pr. & vb. n. Handling .] Etym: [OE. handlen, AS. handian; akin to D. handelen to trade, G. handeln. See Hand.]

1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand. Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh. Luke xxiv. 39. About his altar, handling holy things. Milton.

2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to manage skillfully. That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper. Shak.

3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the hands. The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and handle their colts six months every year. Sir W. Temple.

4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; as, a merchant handles a variety of goods, or a large stock.

5. To deal with; to make a business of. They that handle the law knew me not. Jer. ii. 8.

6. To treat; to use, well or ill. How wert thou handled being prisoner. Shak.

7. To manage; to control; to practice skill upon. You shall see how I will handle her. Shak.

8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection. We will handle what persons are apt to envy others. Bacon. To handle without gloves. See under Glove. [Colloq.]

HANDLE Han"dle, v. i.

Defn: To use the hands. They have hands, but they handle not. Ps. cxv. 7.

HANDLE Han"dle, n. Etym: [AS. handle. See Hand.]

1. That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc.

2. That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a tool. South. To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or means.

HANDLEABLE Han"dle*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being handled.

HANDLESS Hand"less, a.

Defn: Without a hand. Shak.

HANDLING Han"dling, n. Etym: [AS. handlung.]

1. A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands. See Handle, v. t. The heavens and your fair handling Have made you master of the field this day. Spenser.

2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.)

Defn: The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch. Fairholt.

HANDMADE Hand"made", a.

Defn: Manufactured by hand; as, handmade shoes.

HANDMAID; HANDMAIDEN Hand"maid", Hand"maiden, n.

Defn: A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.

HANDSAW Hand"saw` n.

Defn: A saw used with one hand.

HANDSEL Hand"sel, n. [Written also hansel.] Etym: [OE. handsal, hansal, hansel, AS. handsa giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. handsal; hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS. sellan to give, deliver. See Sell, Sale. ]

1. A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and regarded as on omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc. Their first good handsel of breath in this world. Fuller. Our present tears here, not our present laughter, Are but the handsels of our joys hereafter. Herrick.

2. Price; payment. [Obs.] Spenser. Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the new year, when handsels or presents are given to servants, children, etc.

HANDSEL Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handseled or Handseled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Handseling or Handselling.] Etym: [Written also hansel.] Etym: [OE handsellen, hansellen;cf. Isel. hadsala, handselja. See Handsel, n.]

1. To give a handsel to.

2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally. No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath handseled it with prayer. Fuller.

HANDSOME Hand"some, a. [Compar. Handsomer; superl. Handsomest.] Etym: [Hand + -some. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. handzaam dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. handy.]

1. Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; — applied to things as persons. [Obs.] That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and handsome to be moved and turned about. Robynson (Utopia). For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was first invented for him. Spenser.

2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity; comely; — expressing more than pretty, and less than beautiful; as, a handsome man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree, horse.

3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a handsome style, etc. Easiness and handsome address in writing. Felton.

4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal; generous. Handsome is as handsome does. Old Proverb.

5. Ample; moderately large. He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money. V. Knox. To do the handsome thing, to act liberally. [Colloq.]

Syn. — Handsome, Pretty. Pretty applies to things comparatively small, which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl, a pretty flower, a pretty cottage. Handsome rises higher, and is applied to objects on a larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are pleased with what is pretty. The word is connected with hand, and has thus acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton makes mention of handsome players, meaning those, who are well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a handsome address, which is the result of culture; of a handsome horse or dog, which implies well proportioned limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential; of a handsome tree, and a handsome house or villa. So, from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application, the expressions, a handsome fortune, a handsome offer.

HANDSOME Hand"some, v. t.

Defn: To render handsome. [Obs.] Donne

HANDSOMELY Hand"some*ly, adv.

1. In a handsome manner.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Carefully; in shipshape style.

HANDSOMENESS Hand"some*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being handsome. Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere imaginative. Hare.

HANDSPIKE Hand"spike`, n.

Defn: A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes.

HANDSPRING Hand"spring`, n.

Defn: A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground.

HAND-TIGHT Hand"-tight`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: As tight as can be made by the hand. Totten.

HANDWHEEL Hand"wheel`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted.

HAND-WINGED Hand"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having wings that are like hands in the structure and arrangement of their bones; — said of bats. See Cheiroptera.

HANDWRITING Hand"writ`ing, n.

1. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography.

2. That which is written by hand; manuscript. The handwriting on the wall, a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster. Dan. v. 5.

HANDY Hand"y, a. [Compar. Handier; superl. Handiest.] Etym: [OE. hendi, AS. hendig (in comp.), fr. hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth. handugs clever, wise.]

1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.] To draw up and come to handy strokes. Milton.

2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. "Each is handy in his way." Dryden.

3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a handy volume.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: Easily managed; obedient to the helm; — said of a vessel.

HANDY-DANDY Hand"y-dan`dy, n.

Defn: A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit. Piers Plowman.

HANDYFIGHT Hand"y*fight`, n.

Defn: A fight with the hands; boxing. "Pollux loves handyfights." B. Jonson.

HANDYGRIPE Hand"y*gripe`, n.

Defn: Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in fighting. Hudibras.

HANDYSTROKE Hand"y*stroke`, n.

Defn: A blow with the hand.

HANDYWORK Hand"y`work`, n.

Defn: See Handiwork.

HANG Hang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hanged (hngd) or Hung (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hanging. The use of hanged is preferable to that of hung, when reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also more common.] Etym: [OE. hangen, hangien, v. t. & i., AS. hangian, v. i., fr. h, v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen); akin to OS. hang, v. i. D. hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen, v. i, hängen, v. t, Isel hanga, v. i., Goth. hahan, v. t. (imp. haíhah), hahan, v. i. (imp. hahaida), and perh. to L. cunctari to delay. sq. root37. ]

1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; — often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a banner.

2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; — said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc.

3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve. [U. S.]

4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; — a form of capital punishment; as, to hang a murderer.

5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; — said of a wall, a room, etc. Hung be the heavens with black. Shak. And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils. Dryden.

6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.

7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame. Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. Milton. To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. — To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.

HANG Hang, v. i.

1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.

2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension.

3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir Balaam hangs." Pope.

4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; — usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging on her neck." Peacham.

5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight. Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addison.

6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; — usually with over; as, evils hang over the country.

7. To lean or incline; to incline downward. To decide which way hung the victory. Milton. His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung. Pope.

8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds.

9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed. A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan. Milton. To hang around, to loiter idly about. — To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you hangs back." Jowett (Thucyd.). — To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. — To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. — To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. — To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. — To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.] (c) to lounge around a particular place; as, teenageers tend to hang out at the mall these days — To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. — To hang to, to cling. — To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. "We are all of a piece; we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self- consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] — To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy.

HANG Hang, n.

1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe.

2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.]

3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.] To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.]

HANGBIRD Hang"bird`, n. (Zoöl)

Defn: The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula); — so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole.

HANG-BY Hang"-by`, n.; pl. Hang-bies (.

Defn: A dependent; a hanger-on; — so called in contempt. B. Jonson.

HANGDOG Hang"dog`, n.

Defn: A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.

HANGDOG Hang"dog`

Defn: , Low; sneaking; ashamed. The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look. Thackeray.

HANGER Hang"er, n.

1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.

2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially: (a) A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b) (Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See Illust. of Countershaft. (c) A bridle iron.

3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.

4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White.

HANGER-ON Hang"er-on`, n.; pl. Hangers-on (.

Defn: One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted. Goldsmith.

HANGING Hang"ing, a.

1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. "What a hanging face!" Dryden.

2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves.

3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges. Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath. — Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. — Hanging indentation. See under Indentation. — Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached. — Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein. — Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves. — Hanging stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges are secured. (b) That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened. — Hanging wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.

HANGING Hang"ing, n.

1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.

2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter.

3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; — used chiefly in the plural. Nor purple hangings clothe the palace walls. Dryden.

HANGMAN Hang"man, n.; pl. Hangmen(

Defn: One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; — sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office. Shak.

HANGMANSHIP Hang"man*ship, n..

Defn: The office or character of a hangman.

HANGNAIL Hang"nail`, n. Etym: [A corruption of agnail.]

Defn: A small piece or silver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of finger nail. Holloway.

HANGNEST Hang"nest`, n.

1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.

2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.

HANK Hank, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel. hanki hasp, clasp, hönk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk, handle; ar prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.]

1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.

2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.]

3. Hold; influence. When the devil hath got such a hank over him. Bp. Sanderson.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.

HANK Hank, v. t.

1. Etym: [OE. hanken.]

Defn: To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

2. To form into hanks.

HANKER Han"ker, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered; p. pr. & vb. n. Hankering.] Etym: [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.]

1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; — usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison. He was hankering to join his friend. J. A. Symonds.

2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray.

HANKERINGLY Han"ker*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hankering manner.

HANKEY-PANKEY Han"key-pan"key, n. Etym: [Cf. Hocus-pocus.]

Defn: Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery. [Colloq.]

HANOVERIAN Han`o*ve"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England.

HANOVERIAN Han`o*ve"ri*an, n.

Defn: A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover.

HANSA Han" sa, n.

Defn: See 2d Hanse.

HANSARD Han"sard, n.

Defn: An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; — so called from the name of the publishers.

HANSARD Han"sard, n.

Defn: A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d Hanse.

HANSE Hanse, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.)

Defn: That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost.

HANSE Hanse, n. Etym: [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa; akin to AS. h band, troop.]

Defn: An association; a league or confederacy. Hanse towns (Hist.), certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, Lübeck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are free cities, and are still frequently called Hanse towns.

HANSEATIC Han`se*at"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy. Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse.

HANSEL Han"sel, n. & v.

Defn: See Handsel.

HANSELINES Han"sel*ines, n.

Defn: A sort of breeches. [Obs..] Chaucer.

HANSOM; HANSOM CAB Han"som, n., Han"som cab` (. Etym: [From the name of the inventor.]

Defn: A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top. He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair. Beaconsfield.

HAN'T; HAIN'T Han't.

Defn: A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't.

HANUKKA; HANUKKAH Ha"nuk*ka, or Ha"nuk*kah, n. [Heb. khanukkah.]

Defn: The Jewish Feast of the Dedication, instituted by Judas Maccabæus, his brothers, and the whole congregation of Israel, in 165 b. c., to commemorate the dedication of the new altar set up at the purification of the temple of Jerusalem to replace the altar which had been polluted by Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Maccabees i. 58, iv. 59). The feast, which is mentioned in John x. 22, is held for eight days (beginning with the 25th day of Kislev, corresponding to December), and is celebrated everywhere, chiefly as a festival of lights, by the Jews.

HANUMAN Han"u*man, n.

Defn: See Hoonoomaun.

HAP Hap, v. t. Etym: [OE.happen.]

Defn: To clothe; to wrap. The surgeon happed her up carefully. Dr. J. Brown.

HAP Hap, n. Etym: [Cf. Hap to clothe.]

Defn: A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

HAP Hap, n. Etym: [Icel. happ unexpected good luck.

Defn: That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer. Whether art it was or heedless hap. Spenser. Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on haps. Sir P. Sidney. Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps. Shak.

HAP Hap, v. i. Etym: [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.]

Defn: To happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer. Sends word of all that haps in Tyre. Shak.

HA'PENNY; HAP'PENNY Hap'"pen*ny, n.

Defn: A half-penny.

HAPHAZARD Hap"haz`ard, n. Etym: [Hap + hazard.]

Defn: Extra hazard; chance; accident; random. We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust. Locke.

HAPHTARAH Haph*ta"rah, n.; pl. -taroth (#). [Heb. haphtarah, prop., valedictory, fr. patar to depart.]

Defn: One of the lessons from the Nebiim (or Prophets) read in the Jewish synagogue on Sabbaths, feast days, fasts, and the ninth of Ab, at the end of the service, after the parashoth, or lessons from the Law. Such a practice is evidenced in Luke iv.17 and Acts xiii.15.

HAPLESS Hap"less, a.

Defn: Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden.

HAPLESSLY Hap"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hapless, unlucky manner.

HAPLOMI Ha*plo"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.

HAPLOSTEMONOUS Hap`lo*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.

HAPLY Hap"ly, adv.

Defn: By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be. Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. Acts v. 39.

HAPPED Happed, p. a. Etym: [From 1st Hap.]

Defn: Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.] All happed with flowers in the green wood were. Hogg.

HAPPEN Hap"pen, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened; p. pr. & vb. n. Happening.] Etym: [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.]

1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out. There shall no evil happen to the just. Prov. xii. 21.

2. To take place; to occur. All these things which had happened. Luke xxiv. 14. To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on some other accounts." Graunt. — To happen in, to make a casual call. [Colloq.]

HAPPILY Hap"pi*ly, adv. Etym: [From Happy.]

1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily. Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown. Waller.

3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife.

4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to success; with success. Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope.

Syn. — Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.

HAPPINESS Hap"pi*ness, n. Etym: [From Happy.]

1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity. All happiness bechance to thee in Milan! Shak.

2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; — used especially of language. Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness, as well as care. Pope.

Syn. — Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven. O happiness! our being's end and aim! Pope. Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease. Milton. His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little. Shak.

HAPPY Hap"py, a. [Compar. Happier; superl. Happiest.] Etym: [From Hap chance.]

1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen. Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them. Boyle.

2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts. Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord. Ps. cxliv. 15. The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more. Pope.

3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous. One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a in a rejoinder. Swift. Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. — Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. "Happy-go-lucky carelessness." W. Black.

HAPUKU Ha*pu"ku, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and valuable food fish (Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more.

HAQUEBUT Haque"but, n.

Defn: See Hagbut.

HARA-KIRI Ha"ra-ki`ri, n. Etym: [Jap., stomach cutting.]

Defn: Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; — also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E. Griffis.

HARANGUE Ha*rangue", n. Etym: [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenda, It. aringa; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G. ring. See Ring.]

Defn: A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton.

Syn. — Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs.

HARANGUE Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued; p. pr. & vb. n. Haranguing.] Etym: [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.]

Defn: To make an harangue; to declaim.

HARANGUE Ha*rangue", v. t.

Defn: To address by an harangue.

HARANGUEFUL Ha*rangue"ful, a.

Defn: Full of harangue.

HARANGUER Ha*rang"uer, n.

Defn: One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer. With them join'd all th' harangues of the throng, That thought to get preferment by the tongue. Dryden.

HARASS Har"ass (hâr"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harassing.] Etym: [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords, harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.]

Defn: To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; — sometimes followed by out. [Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon. Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care. Addison. Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt. Tennyson.

Syn. — To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.

HARASS Har"ass, n.

1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron.

HARASSER Har"ass*er, n.

Defn: One who harasses.

HARASSMENT Har"ass*ment, n.

Defn: The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety. Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate. Ld. Lytton.

HARBEROUS Har"ber*ous, a.

Defn: Harborous. [Obs.] A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, harberous. Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2)

HARBINGER Har"bin*ger, n. Etym: [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. héberger, OF. herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.]

1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger. I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor.

HARBINGER Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered; p. pr. & vb. n. Harbingering.]

Defn: To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft.

HARBOR Har"bor, n. [Written also harbour.] Etym: [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.]

1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [A grove] fair harbour that them seems. Spenser. For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden.

2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.]

4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.

5. (Glass Works)

Defn: A mixing box materials. Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. — Harbor seal (Zoöl.), the common seal. — Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.

HARBOR Har"bor, v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored; p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring.] Etym: [OE. herberen, herberwen, herbergen; cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.]

Defn: To afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought). Any place that harbors men. Shak. The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected. Bp. Burnet. Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage. Rowe.

HARBOR Har"bor, v. i.

Defn: To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor. For this night let's harbor here in York. Shak.

HARBORAGE Har"bor*age, n.

Defn: Shelter; entertainment.[R.] Where can I get me harborage for the night Tennyson.

HARBORER Har"bor*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, harbors. Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion. Strype.

HARBORLESS Har"bor*less, a.

Defn: Without a harbor; shelterless.

HARBOR MASTER Har"bor mas`ter.

Defn: An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.

HARBOROUGH; HARBROUGH Har"bor*ough, Har"brough,Etym: [See Harbor.]

Defn: A shelter. [Obs]. Spenser.

HARBOROUS Har"bor*ous, a.

Defn: Hospitable. [Obs.]

HARD Hard, a. [Compar. Harder; superl. Hardest.] Etym: [OE. heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG. harti, Icel. har, Dan. haard, Sw. hård, Goth. hardus, Gr.,, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength, to do, make. Gf.Hardy.]

1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; — applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem. The hard causes they brought unto Moses. Ex. xviii. 26. In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful. The stag was too hard for the horse. L'Estrange. A power which will be always too hard for them. Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms. I never could drive a hard bargain. Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style. Figures harder than even the marble itself. Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone.

11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade. Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. — Hard clam, or Hard-shelled clam (Zoöl.), the guahog. — Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. — Hard and fast. (Naut.) See under Fast. — Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. — Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions. — Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money. — Hard oyster (Zoöl.), the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] - - Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. — Hard rubber. See under Rubber. — Hard solder. See under Solder. — Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.- In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses.

Syn. — Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous.

HARD Hard, adv. Etym: [OE. harde, AS. hearde.]

1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak.

4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set". Sir T. Browne.

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard.

6. Close or near. Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii.7. Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." Milton. — Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.] — Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang]

Note: Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather up! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-working; hard- won.

HARD Hard, v. t.

Defn: To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARD Hard, n.

Defn: A ford or passage across a river or swamp.

HARDBAKE Hard"bake`, n.

Defn: A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc. Thackeray.

HARDBEAM Hard"beam`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam.

HARDEN Hard"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening.] Etym: [OE. hardnen, hardenen.]

1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or iron.

2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart." Ps. xcv. 8. I would harden myself in sorrow. Job vi. 10.

HARDEN Hard"en, v. i.

1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying. The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has hardened into tradition. The Century.

2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense. They, hardened more by what might most reclaim. Milton.

HARDENED Hard"ened, a.

Defn: Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.

Syn. — Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate.

HARDENER Hard"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.

HARDENING Hard"en*ing, n.

1. Making hard or harder.

2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel.

HARDER Har"der, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African mullet, salted for food.

HARDERIAN Har*de"ri*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

HARD-FAVORED Hard"-fa`vored, a.

Defn: Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored. Dryden.

HARDFAVOREDNESS Hard"fa`vored*ness, n.

Defn: Coarseness of features.

HARD-FAVOREDNESS Hard"-fa`vored*ness, n.

Defn: Coarseness of features.

HARD-FEATURED Hard"-fea`tured, a

Defn: Having coarse, unattractive or stern features. Smollett.

HARDFERN Hard"fern`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fern (Lomaria borealis), growing in Europe and Northwestern America.

HARD-FISTED Hard"-fist`ed, a.

1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer.

2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall.

HARD-FOUGHT Hard"-fought`, a. Vigorously

Defn: contested; as, a hard-fought battle.

HARD GRASS Hard" grass` (. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltböllia incurvata, and to the species of Ægilops, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.

HARDHACK Hard"hack` (, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A very astringent shrub (Spiræa tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name.

HARD-HANDED Hard"-hand`ed, a.

Defn: Having hard hands, as a manual laborer. Hard-handed men that work in Athens here. Shak.

HARDHEAD Hard"head`, n.

1. Clash or collision of heads in contest. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U.S.] (b) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) of Europe. (c) A California salmon; the steelhead. (d) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray. (e) A coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia dura).

HARD-HEADED Hard"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. — Hard"-head`ed*ness, n.

HARD-HEARTED Hard"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. — Hard"-heart`ed*ness, n.

HARDIHEAD Hard"i*head, n.

Defn: Hardihood. [Obs.]

HARDIHOOD Hard"i*hood, n. Etym: [Hardy + -hood.]

Defn: Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth. It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity. Buckminster.

Syn. — Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.

HARDILY Har"di*ly, adv.

1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif.

HARDIMENT Har"di*ment, n. Etym: [OF. hardement. See Hardy.]

Defn: Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.] Changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak.

HARDINESS Har"di*ness, n.

1. Capability of endurance.

2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser. Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother. Shak. They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king. Clarendon.

3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser.

HARDISH Hard"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat hard.

HARD-LABORED Hard"-la`bored, a.

Defn: Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied. Swift.

HARDLY Hard"ly, adv. Etym: [AS.heardlice. See Hand.]

1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty. Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden.

2. Unwillingly; grudgingly. The House of Peers gave so hardly theiMilton.

3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly. Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good. South.

4. Severely; harshly; roughly. He has in many things been hardly used. Swift.

5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland.

6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARD-MOUTHED Hard"-mouthed`, a.

Defn: Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard- mouthed horse.

HARDNESS Hard"ness, n. Etym: [AS. heardness.]

1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively. The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Min.)

Defn: The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.

Note: This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.

HARDOCK Har"dock, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Hordock.

HARDPAN Hard"pan`, n.

Defn: The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a.

HARDS Hards, n. pl. Etym: [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede.]

Defn: The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.

HARD-SHELL Hard"-shell`, a.

Defn: Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict. [Collog., U.S.]

HARDSHIP Hard"ship, n.

Defn: That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift.

HARDSPUN Hard"spun`, a.

Defn: Firmly twisted in spinning.

HARD STEEL Hard steel.

Defn: Steel hardened by the addition of other elements, as manganese, phosphorus, or (usually) carbon.

HARD-TACK Hard"-tack`, n.

Defn: A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread.

HARDTAIL Hard"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jurel.

HARD-VISAGED Hard"-vis`aged, a.

Defn: Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured. Burke.

HARDWARE Hard"ware`, n.

Defn: Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery.

HARDWAREMAN Hard"ware`man, n.; pl. Hardwaremen (.

Defn: One who makes, or deals in, hardware.

HARDY Har"dy, a. [Compar. Hardier; superl. Hardiest.] Etym: [F.hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. härten. See Hard, a.]

1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolue; intrepid. Hap helpeth hardy man alway. Chaucer.

2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.

3. Strong; firm; compact. [A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric. South.

4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner.

5. Able to withstand the cold of winter.

Note: Plants which are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts.

HARDY Har"dy, n.

Defn: A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.

HARE Hare, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Harry, Harass.]

Defn: To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke.

HARE Hare, n. Etym: [AS. hara; akin to D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso, Dan. æ Sw. hare, Icel. h, Skr. .

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.

Note: The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepustimidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L. Americanus), and the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called rabbits.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus. Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two, called hares, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds, through a wide circuit. — Hare kangaroo (Zoöl.)., a small Australian kangaroo (Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, — Hare's lettuce (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; — so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior. — Jumping hare. (Zoöl.) See under Jumping. — Little chief hare, or Crying hare. (Zoöl.) See Chief hare. — Sea hare. (Zoöl.) See Aplysia.

HAREBELL Hare"bell`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small, slender, branching plant (Campanula rotundifolia), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla nutans, which has similar flowers; — called also bluebell. [Written also hairbell.] E'en the light harebell raised its head. Sir W. Scott .

HAREBRAINED; HARE BRAINED Hare"brained`', a.

Defn: Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad hare-brained fellow." North (Plutarch). [Written also hairbrained.]

HAREFOOT Hare"foot`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; — said of dogs.

2. (Bot)

Defn: A tree (Ochroma Laqopus) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot. Harefoot clover (Bot.), a species of clover (Trifolium arvense) with soft and silky heads.

HARE-HEARTED Hare"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Timorous; timid; easily frightened. Ainsworth.

HAREHOUND Hare"hound`, n.

Defn: See Harrier. A. Chalmers.

HARELD Har"eld, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw.

HARELIP Hare"lip`, n.

Defn: A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare. — Hare"lipped`, a.

HAREM Ha"rem, n.Etym: [Ar.haram, orig., anything forbidden of sacred, fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.] Etym: [Written also haram and hareem.]

1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families.

2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.

HARENGIFORM Ha*ren"gi*form, a. Etym: [F. hareng herring (LL.harengus) + -form.]

Defn: Herring-shaped.

HARE'S-EAR Hare's"-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium ); — so named from the shape of its leaves. Dr. Prior.

HARE'S-FOOT FERN Hare's"-foot` fern`. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fern (Davallia Canariensis) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; — whence the name.

HARE'S-TAIL Hare's"-tail` (-tal`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Eriophorum vaginatum). See Cotton grass, under Cotton. Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species of grass (Lagurus ovatus) whose head resembles a hare's tail.

HARFANG Har"fang, n. Etym: [See Hare, n., and Fang.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The snowy owl.

HARIALI GRASS Ha`ri*a"li grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon; dog's-grass.

HARICOT Har"i*cot, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.

2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.

HARIER Har"i*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Harrier.

HARIKARI Ha"ri*ka`ri, n.

Defn: See Hara-kiri.

HARIOLATION Har`i*o*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Ariolation.]

Defn: Prognostication; soothsaying. [Obs.] Cockeram.

HARISH Har"ish, a.

Defn: Like a hare. [R.] Huloet.

HARK Hark, v. i. Etym: [OE. herken. See Hearken.]

Defn: To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] Hudibras. Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting. — To hark back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression. He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back. Haggard. He harked back to the subject. W. E. Norris.

HARKEN Hark"en, v. t. & i.

Defn: To hearken. Tennyson.

HARL Harl, n. Etym: [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of flax.]

1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.

2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, — used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl.]

HARLE Harle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted merganser.

HARLECH GROUP Har"lech group`. Etym: [ So called from Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.)

Defn: A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales.

HARLEQUIN Har"le*quin, n. Etym: [F. arlequin,formerly written also harlequin (cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin, hellequin, goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf. Hell, Kin.]

Defn: A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy Smith. As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson. Harlequin bat (Zoöl.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with white spots. — Harlequin beetle (Zoöl.), a very large South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antennæ. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. — Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zoöl.) See Calicoback. — Harlequin caterpillar. (Zoöl.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (Euchætes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. — Harlequin duck (Zoöl.), a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. — Harlequin moth. (Zoöl.) See Magpie Moth. — Harlequin opal. See Opal. — Harlequin snake (Zoöl.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.

HARLEQUIN Har"le*quin, n. i.

Defn: To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.

HARLEQUIN Har"le*quin, v. t.

Defn: Toremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick. And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green.

HARLEQUINADE Har"le*quin*ade`, n. Etym: [F. arleguinade.]

Defn: A play or part of play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin. Macaulay.

HARLOCK Har"lock, n.

Defn: Probably a corruption either of charlock or hardock. Drayton.

HARLOT Har"lot, n. Etym: [OE.harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF. harlot, herlot, arlot; cf. Pr. arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto; of uncertain origin.]

1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.] He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer.

2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.

HARLOT Har"lot, a.

Defn: Wanton; lewd; low; base. Shak.

HARLOT Har"lot, v. i.

Defn: To play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton.

HARLOTIZE Har"lot*ize, v. i.

Defn: To harlot. [Obs.] Warner.

HARLOTRY Har"lot*ry, n.

1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden.

3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art.

4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.] He sups to-night with a harlotry. Shak.

HARM Harm, n. Etym: [OE.harm, hearm, AS.hearm; akin to OS. harm, G. harm grief, Icel. harmr, Dan. harme, Sw. harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram' shame, Skr. crama toil, fatigue.]

1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.

2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss. We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms. Shak.

Syn. — Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief.

HARM Harm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harming.] Etym: [OE. harmen, AS. hearmian. See Harm, n.]

Defn: To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong. Though yet he never harmed me. Shak. No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton.

HARMALINE Har"ma*line, n. Etym: [Cf. F. harmaline See Harmel.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in the plant Peganum harmala. It forms bitter, yellow salts.

HARMATTAN Har*mat"tan, n. Etym: [F. harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.]

Defn: A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun.

HARMEL Har"mel, n. Etym: [Ar. harmal.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of rue (Ruta sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.

HARMFUL Harm"ful, a.

Defn: Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. " Most harmful hazards." Strype. —Harm"ful*ly, adv. — Harm"ful*ness, n.

HARMINE Har"mine, n.Etym: [See Harmaline.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance.

HARMLESS Harm"less, a.

1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another harmless.

2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. " The harmless deer." Drayton

Syn. — Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed. —Harm"less*ly, adv.- Harm"less*ness, n.

HARMONIC; HARMONICAL Har*mon"ic, Har*mon"ic*al (, a. Etym: [L. harmonicus, Gr. harmonique. See Harmony.]

1. Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds. Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass. Pope.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Relating to harmony, — as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; — said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines. motions, and the like. Harmonic interval (Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes. — Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances. — Harmonic motion, the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately simple harmonic motion. — Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion. — Harmonic series or progression. See under Progression. — Spherical harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called spherical harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. — Harmonic suture (Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; — called also harmonic, and harmony. — Harmonic triad (Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord.

HARMONIC Har*mon"ic, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See Harmonics.

HARMONICA Har*mon"i*ca, n. Etym: [Fem. fr. L. harmonicus harmonic. See Harmonic, n. ]

1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.

2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.

HARMONICALLY Har* mon"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.

2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage harmonically correct.

3. (Math.)

Defn: In harmonical progression.

HARMONICON Har*mon"i*con, n.

Defn: A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.

HARMONICS Har*mon"ics, n.

1. The doctrine or science of musical sounds.

2. pl. (Mus.)

Defn: Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate; overtones.

HARMONIOUS Har*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. harmonieux. See Harmony.]

1. Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical. God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful without us. Locke.

2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; as, an harmonious family.

3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious. — Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. — Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

HARMONIPHON Har*mon"i*phon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube.

HARMONIST Har"mo*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. harmoniste.]

1. One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer.

HARMONIST; HARMONITE Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a religious sect, founded in Würtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony.

HARMONIUM Har*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Harmony. ]

Defn: A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.

HARMONIZATION Har`mo*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of harmonizing.

HARMONIZE Har"mo*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harmonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Harmonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. harmoniser. ]

1. To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize.

2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public organizations.

3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the tones harmonize perfectly.

HARMONIZE Har"mo*nize, v. t.

1. To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody.

HARMONIZER Har"mo*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who harmonizes.

HARMONOMETER Har`mo*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. meter: cf. F. harmonometre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges.

HARMONY Har"mo*ny, n.; pl. Harmonies. Etym: [ F.harmonic, L. harmonia, Gr. Article. ]

1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony of the universe.

2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in harmony.

3. A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels.

4. (Mus.) (a) A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation. (b) The science which treats of their construction and progression. Ten thousand harps, that tuned Angelic harmonies. Milton.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic. Close harmony, Dispersed harmony, etc. See under Close, Dispersed, etc. — Harmony of the spheres. See Music of the spheres, under Music.

Syn. — Harmony, Melody. Harmony results from the concord of two or more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. Melody denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain.

HARMOST Har"most, n. Etym: [Gr. , fr. harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated by them.

HARMOTOME Har"mo*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. harmotome.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross-stone.

Note: A related mineral, called lime harmotome, and Phillipsite, contains lime in place of baryta. Dana.

HARNESS Har"ness, n. Etym: [OE. harneis, harnes, OF.harneis, F. harnais, harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael. iarunn. Gf. Iron.]

1. Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor. At least we 'll die witch harness on our back. Shak.

2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.

3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle. To die in harness, to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or duty.

HARNESS Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harnessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harnessing.] Etym: [OE. harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF. harneschier.]

1. To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array. Harnessed in rugged steel. Rowe. A gay dagger, Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense. Dr. H. More.

3. To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively. Harnessed to some regular profession. J. C. Shairp. Harnessed antelope. (Zoöl.) See Guib. — Harnessed moth (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Arctia phalerata of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground.

HARNESS CASK Har"ness cask`. (Naut.)

Defn: A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions for daily use; — called also harness tub. W. C. Russell.

HARNESSER Har"ness*er, n.

Defn: One who harnesses.

HARNS Harns, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to Icel.hjarni, Dan. hierne.]

Defn: The brains. [Scot.]

HARP Harp, n. Etym: [OE. harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D. harp, G.harfe, OHG. harpha, Dan. harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.]

1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre.

3. A grain sieve. [Scot.] Æolian harp. See under Æolian. Harp seal (Zoöl.), an arctic seal (Phoca Groenlandica). The adult males have a light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and saddleback. The immature ones are called bluesides. — Harp shell (Zoöl.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa.

HARP Harp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harped p. pr. & vb. n. Harping.] Etym: [AS. hearpian. See Harp, n.]

1. To play on the harp. I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps. Rev. xiv. 2.

2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; — usually with on or upon. "Harpings upon old themes." W. Irving. Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was. Shak. To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence. [Collog.]

HARP Harp, v. t.

Defn: To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon. Thou 'harped my fear aright. Shak.

HARPA Har"pa, n. Etym: [L., harp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine univalve shells; the harp shells; — so called from the form of the shells, and their ornamental ribs.

HARPAGON Har"pa*gon, n Etym: [L. harpago, Gr.

Defn: A grappling iron. [Obs.]

HARPER Harp"er, n. Etym: [AS. hearpere.]

1. A player on the harp; a minstrel. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. Longfellow.

2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, — formerly current in Ireland. B. Jonson.

HARPING Harp"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. Milton.

HARPING IRON Harp"ing i`ron. Etym: [F.harper to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.]

Defn: A harpoon. Evelyn.

HARPINGS Harp"ings, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem. [Written also harpins.] Totten.

HARPIST Harp"ist, n. Etym: [Gf. F. harpiste.]

Defn: A player on the harp; a harper. W. Browne.

HARPOON Har*poon", n. Etym: [F. harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin, fr. the harp; cf. F. harper to take and grasp strongly, harpe a dog's claw, harpin boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of the harp); but cf. also Gr. harpy. Cf. Harp.]

Defn: A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or discharged from a gun. Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power. — Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale.

HARPOON Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harpooned; p. pr. & vb. n. Harpooning.]

Defn: To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.

HARPOONEER Har`poon*eer`, n.

Defn: An harpooner. Grabb.

HARPOONER Har*poon`er, n. Etym: [Gf. F. harponneur.]

Defn: One who throws the harpoon.

HARPRESS Harp`ress, n.

Defn: A female harper. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

HARPSICHON Harp"si*chon, n.

Defn: A harpsichord. [Obs.]

HARPSICHORD Harp"si*chord, n. Etym: [OF. harpechorde, in which the harpe is of German origin. See Harp, and Chord.] (Mus.)

Defn: A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.

HARPY Har"py, n.; pl. Harpies. Etym: [F. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr. Rapacious.]

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three. Both table and provisions vanished guite. With sound of harpies' wings and talons heard. Milton.

2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner. The harpies about all pocket the pool. Goldsmith.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus æruginosus). (b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (Thrasaëtus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil. Harpy bat (Zoöl.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia (esp. H. cerphalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small, insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). Harpy fly (Zoöl.), the house fly.

HARQUEBUS; HARQUEBUSE Har"que*bus, Har"que*buse, n. Etym: [See Arquebus.]

Defn: A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called arquebus with matchlock.

HARRAGE Har"rage v. t.. Etym: [See Harry.]

Defn: To harass; to plunder from. [Obs.] Fuller.

HARRE Har"re, n. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. heorr, hior.]

Defn: A hinge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HARRIDAN Har"ri*dan, n. Etym: [F. haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.]

Defn: A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag. Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see. De Quincey.

HARRIER Har"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Hare, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.]

HARRIER Har"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Harry.]

1. One who harries.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, — as the European marsh harrier (Circus ærunginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus). Harrier hawk(Micrastur.

HARROW Har"row, n. Etym: [OE. harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf. D. hark rake, G. harke, Icel. herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw. harf.

1. An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried. Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow. — Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill. — Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression.

HARROW Har"row, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Harrowing.] Etym: [OE. harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve. See Harrow, n.]

1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land. Will he harrow the valleys after thee Job xxxix. 10.

2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex. My aged muscles harrowed up with whips. Rowe. I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul. Shak.

HARROW Har"row, interj. Etym: [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot, or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.]

Defn: Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor;- the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow and well away!" Spenser. Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain. Chaucer.

HARROW Har"row, v. t.. Etym: [See Harry.]

Defn: To pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.] Spenser. Meaning thereby to harrow his people. Bacon

HARROWER Har"row*er, n.

Defn: One who harrows.

HARROWER Har"row*er, n.

Defn: One who harries. [Obs.]

HARRY Har"ry, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harried( ); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrying.] Etym: [OF. harwen, herien, her, AS. hergisn to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. here army; akin to G. heer, Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and Lith. karas war. Gf. Harbor, Herald, Heriot.]

1. To strip; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and harried the land. To harry this beautiful region. W. Irving. A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush. J. Burroughs.

2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak.

Syn. — To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass.

HARRY Har"ry, v. i..

Defn: To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HARSH Harsh, a. [Compar. Harsher; superl. Harshest.] Etym: [OE. harsk; akin to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. härsk; from the same source as E. hard. See Hard, a.]

1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.:(a) To the touch."Harsh sand." Boyle. (b) To the taste. "Berries harsh and crude." Milton. (c) To the ear. "Harsh din." Milton.

2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough. Clarence is so harsh, so blunt. Shak. Though harsh the precept, yet the charmed. Dryden.

3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.)

Defn: Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony.

HARSHLY Harsh"ly, adv.

Defn: In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely. 'T will sound harshly in her ears. Shak.

HARSHNESS Harsh"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being harsh. O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness. Shak. 'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an echo to the sense. Pope.

Syn. — Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony.

HARSLET Hars"let, n.

Defn: See Haslet.

HART Hart, n. Etym: [OE.hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D. hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hjörtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L. cervus, and prob. to Gr.Horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck. Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton.

HARTBEEST Hart"beest`, n. Etym: [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.]

HARTEN Hart"en, v. t.

Defn: To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.] Spenser.

HARTFORD Hart"ford, n.

Defn: The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark- colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.

HART'S CLOVER Hart's` clo`ver. (Bot.)

Defn: Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot.

HART'S-EAR Hart's`-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India.

HARTSHORN Harts"horn`, n.

1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.

2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts. Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus); — called also duck's-horn. Booth. — Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly. Hebert. — Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts. Brande & C.— Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a solution of ammonia in water; — so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name.

HART-TONGUE; HART'S-TONGUE Hart"-tongue`, Hart's"-tongue`, n. (Bot.) (a) A common British fern (Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America. (b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium Phyllitidis of Linnæus. It is also found in Florida.

HARTWORT Hart"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum).

Note: The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of Seseli and Bupleurum.

HARUM-SCARUM Har"um-scar"um, a. Etym: [Cf. hare,v. t., and scare, v. t.]

Defn: Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.] They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum lad. Thackeray.

HARUSPICATION Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: See Haruspicy. Tylor.

HARUSPICE Ha*rus"pice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. haruspex.]

Defn: A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspice.

HARUSPICY Ha*rus"pi*cy, n.

Defn: The art or practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy.

HARVEST Har"vest, n. Etym: [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. hærfest autumn; akin to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L. carpere to pluck, Gr. Carpet.]

1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn. Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease. Gen viii. 22. At harvest, when corn is ripe. Tyndale.

2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Joel iii. 13. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak.

3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward. The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee. Fuller. The harvest of a quiet eye. Wordsworth. Harvest fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); — called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. — Harvest fly (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. — Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. — Harvest mite (Zoöl.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; — called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. — Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. — Harvest mouse (Zoöl.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. — Harvest queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. — Harvest spider. (Zoöl.) See Daddy longlegs.

HARVEST Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.]

Defn: To reap or gather, as any crop.

HARVESTER Har"vest*er, n.

1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harvesting ant.

HARVEST-HOME Har"vest-home", n.

1. The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest. Showed like a stubble land at harvest-home. Shak.

2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself. Dryden.

3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.

4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak.

HARVESTING Har"vest*ing, a. & n.

Defn: , from Harvest, v. t. Harvesting ant (Zoöl.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known.

Note: The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural.

HARVESTLESS Har"vest*less, a.

Defn: Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren. "Harvestless autumns." Tennyson.

HARVESTMAN Har"vest*man, n.; pl. Harvestmen (.

1. A man engaged in harvesting. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Daddy longlegs, 1.

HARVESTRY Har"vest*ry, n.

Defn: The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested. Swinburne.

HARVEY PROCESS Har"vey proc"ess. (Metal.)

Defn: A process of hardening the face of steel, as armor plates, invented by Hayward A. Harvey of New Jersey, consisting in the additional carburizing of the face of a piece of low carbon steel by subjecting it to the action of carbon under long-continued pressure at a very high heat, and then to a violent chilling, as by a spray of cold water. This process gives an armor plate a thick surface of extreme hardness supported by material gradually decreasing in hardness to the unaltered soft steel at the back.

HARY Har"y, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.]

Defn: To draw; to drag; to carry off by vio [Obs.] Chaucer.

HAS Has,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have.

HASARD Has"ard, n.

Defn: Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HASE Hase, v. t. [Obs.]

Defn: See Haze, v. t.