F F (êf) (continued 12)

FRISKET Fris"ket, n. Etym: [F. frisguette. Perh. so named from the velocity or frequency of its motion. See Frisk a.] (Print.)

Defn: The light frame which holds the sheet of paper to the tympan in printing.

FRISKFUL Frisk"ful, a.

Defn: Brisk; lively; frolicsome.

FRISKILY Frisk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frisky manner.

FRISKINESS Frisk"i*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being frisky.

FRISKY Frisk"y, a.

Defn: Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay. He is too frisky for an old man. Jeffrey.

FRISLET Fris"let, n.

Defn: [Fraise a kind of defense; also Friz.) A kind of small ruffle. Halliwell.

FRIST Frist, v. t. Etym: [OE. fristen, firsten, to lend, give respite, postpone, AS. firstan to give respite to; akin to first time, G. frist, Icel. frest delay.]

Defn: To sell upon credit, as goods. [R.] Crabb.

FRISURE Fri"sure`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The dressing of the hair by crisping or curling. Smollett.

FRIT Frit, n. Etym: [F. fritte, fr. frit fried, p. p. of frire to fry. See Far, v. t.]

1. (Glass Making)

Defn: The material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other ingredients. Ure.

2. (Ceramics)

Defn: The material for glaze of pottery. Frit brick, a lump of calcined glass materials, brought to a pasty condition in a reverberatory furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in the melting pot.

FRIT Frit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fritted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fritting.]

Defn: To prepare by heat (the materials for making glass); to fuse partially. Ure.

FRIT Frit, v. t.

Defn: To fritter; — with away. [R.] Ld. Lytton.

FRITFLY Frit"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small dipterous fly of the genus Oscinis, esp. O. vastator, injurious to grain in Europe, and O. Trifole, injurious to clover in America.

FRITH Frith, n. Etym: [OE. firth, Icel. fjör; akin to Sw. fjärd, Dan. fiord, E. ford. sq. root78. See Ford, n., and cf. Firth, Fiord, Fret a frith, Port a harbor.]

1. (Geog.)

Defn: A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; as, the Frith of Forth.

2. A kind of weir for catching fish. [Eng.] Carew.

FRITH Frith, n. Etym: [OE. frith peace, protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS. fri peace; akin to freno peace, protection, asylum, G. friede peace, Icel. fri, and from the root of E. free, friend. See Free, a., and cf. Affray, Defray.]

1. A forest; a woody place. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. A small field taken out of a common, by inclosing it; an inclosure. [Obs.] Sir J. Wynne.

FRITHY Frith"y, a.

Defn: Woody. [Obs.] Skelton.

FRITILLARIA Frit"il*la`ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fritillus dicebox: cf. F. fritillaire. So named from the checkered markings of the petals.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants, of which the crown-imperial (Fritillaria imperialis) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower (F. Meleagris) another. See Crown-imperial.

FRITILLARY Frit"il*la*ry, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with checkered petals, of the genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See Fritillaria.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of butterflies belonging to Argynnis and allied genera; — so called because the coloring of their wings resembles that of the common Fritillaria. See Aphrodite.

FRITINANCY Frit"i*nan*cy, n. Etym: [L. fritinnire to twitter.]

Defn: A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FRITTER Frit"ter, n. Etym: [OR. fritour, friture, pancake, F. friture frying, a thing fried, from frire to fry. See Far, v. t.]

1. A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; as, apple fritters, clam fritters, oyster fritters.

2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece. And cut whole giants into fritters. Hudibras. Corn fritter. See under Corn.

FRITTER Frit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frittered; p. pr. & vb. n. Frittering.]

1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.

2. To break into small pieces or fragments. Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense. Pope. To fritter away, to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, to fritter away time, strength, credit, etc.

FRITTING Frit"ting, n. Etym: [See Frit to expose to heat.]

Defn: The formation of frit or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.

FRIVOL Friv"ol, v. i.

Defn: To act frivolously; to trifle. Kipling. — Friv"ol*er (#), Friv"ol*ler, n. [All Colloq.]

FRIVOLISM Friv"o*lism, n.

Defn: Frivolity. [R.] Pristley.

FRIVOLITY Fri*vol"i*ty, n.; pl. Frivolities. Etym: [Cg. F. frivolité. See Frivolous.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or habits of trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.

FRIVOLOUS Friv"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. frivolus; prob. akin to friare to rub, crumble, E. friable: cf. F. frivole.]

1. Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; as, a frivolous argument. Swift.

2. Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming levity; silly; interested especially in trifling matters. His personal tastes were low and frivolous. Macaulay.

Syn. — Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless. — Friv"o*lous*ly, adv. — Friv"o*lous*ness, n.

FRIZ Friz, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzing.] Etym: [Cf. F. friser to curl, crisp, frizzle, to raise the nap (on certain stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. frisle hair of the head. Cf. Frieze kind of cloth.] [Written also frizz.]

1. To curl or form into small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp. With her hair frizzed short up to her ears. Pepys.

2. To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap of cloth.

3. (Leather Manufacture)

Defn: To soften and make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a blunt instrument. Frizzing machine. (a) (Fabrics) A machine for frizzing the surface of cloth. (b) (Wood Working) A bench with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its surface, for dressing boards.

FRIZ Friz, n.; pl. Frizzes (.

Defn: That which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled, as a wig; a frizzle. [Written also frizz.] He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his face and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed, well-curled friz of words would be no less becoming to his thoughts. Hare.

FRIZE Frize, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See 1st Frieze.

FRIZEL Friz"el, a. (Firearms)

Defn: A movable furrowed piece of steel struck by the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early form of flintlock. Knight.

FRIZETTE Fri*zette", n. Etym: [F. frisette curl.]

Defn: A curl of hair or silk; a pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff it out.

FRIZZ Frizz, v. t. & n.

Defn: See Friz, v. t. & n.

FRIZZLE Friz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzled; p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzling.] Etym: [Dim. of friz.]

Defn: To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle. Gay. To frizzle up, to crinkle or crisp excessively.

FRIZZLE Friz"zle, n.

Defn: A curl; a lock of hair crisped. Milton.

FRIZZLER Friz"zler`, n.

Defn: One who frizzles.

FRIZZLY; FRIZZY Friz"zly, Friz"zy, a.

Defn: Curled or crisped; as, frizzly, hair.

FRO Fro, adv. Etym: [OE. fra, fro, adv. & prep., Icel. fr, akin to Dan. fra from, E. from. See From.]

Defn: From; away; back or backward; — now used only in oppositionto the word to, in the phrase to and fro, that is, to and from. See To and fro under To. Millon.

FRO Fro, prep.

Defn: From. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FROCK Frock, n. Etym: [F. froc a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL. frocus, froccus, flocus, floccus, fr. L. floccus a flock of wool; hence orig., a flocky cloth or garment;cf. L. flaccus flabby, E. flaccid.]

1. A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse hirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a smock frock; as, a marketman's frock.

2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord. Frock coat, a body coat for men, usually doublebreasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat full. — Smock frock. See in the Vocabulary.

FROCK Frock, v. t.

1. To clothe in a frock.

2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.

FROCKED Frocked, a.

Defn: Clothed in a frock.

FROCKLESS Frock"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a frock.

FROE Froe, n. Etym: [See Frow.]

Defn: A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow. [Obs.] "Raging frantic froes." Draylon.

FROE Froe, n. Etym: [See Frow the tool]

Defn: An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow. [U. S.] Bartlett.

FROEBELIAN Froe*bel"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, Friedrich Froebel, or the kindergarten system of education, which he organized. — n.

Defn: One who teaches by, or advocates the use of, the kindergarten system.

FROG Frog, n. Etym: [AS. froggu, frocga a frog (in sensel); akin to D. vorsch, OHG. frosk, G. frosch, Icel. froskr, fraukr, Sw. & Dan. frö.]

Defn: 1. (Zoöl.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime.

Note: The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice.

2. Etym: [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.)

Defn: The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.

3. (Railroads)

Defn: A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.

4. Etym: [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.]

Defn: An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole.

5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword. Cross frog (Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles. — Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. — Frog eater, one who eats frogs; — a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English. — Frog fly. (Zoöl.) See Frog hopper. — Frog hopper (Zoöl.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants. The larvæ are inclosed are frothy liquid called cuckoo spit or frog spit. — Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar). — Frog spit (Zoöl.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; — called also frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.

FROG Frog, v. t.

Defn: To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See Frog, n., 4.

FROGBIT Frog"bit`, n. (Bot.) (a) A European plant (Hydrocharis Morsus-ranæ), floating on still water and propagating itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white flowers. (b) An American plant (Limnobium Spongia), with similar habits.

FROG-EYED Frog"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Spotted with whitish specks due to a disease, or produced artificially by spraying; — said of tobacco used for cigar wrappers.

FROGFISH Frog"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) See Angler, n., 2. (b) An oceanic fish of the genus Antennarius or Pterophrynoides; — called also mousefish and toadfish.

FROGGED Frogged, a.

Defn: Provided or ornamented with frogs; as, a frogged coat. See Frog, n., 4. Ld. Lytton.

FROGGY Frog"gy, a.

Defn: Abounding in frogs. Sherwood.

FROGMOUTH Frog"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of Asiatic and East Indian birds of the genus Batrachostomus (family Podargidæ); — so called from their very broad, flat bills.

FROGS-BIT Frog"s`-bit", n. (Bot.)

Defn: Frogbit.

FROGSHELL Frog"shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous species of marine gastropod shells, belonging to Ranella and allied genera.

FROISE Froise, n. Etym: [OE. froise cf. F. froisser to bruise, E. frush to bruise,]

Defn: A kind of pancake. See 1st Fraise. [Written also fraise.]

FROLIC Frol"ic, a. Etym: [D. vroolijk; akin to G. frölich, fr. froh, OHG. fr, Dan. fro, OS. fr, cf. Icel. fr swift; all perh. akin to Skr. pru to spring up.]

Defn: Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry. The frolic wind that breathes the spring. Milton. The gay, the frolic, and the loud. Waller.

FROLIC Frol"ic, n.

1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth. He would be at his frolic once again. Roscommon.

2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.

FROLIC Frol"ic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frolicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Frolicking.]

Defn: To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport. Hither, come hither, and frolic and play. Tennyson.

FROLICFUL Frol"ic*ful, a.

Defn: Frolicsome. [R.]

FROLICKY Frol"ick*y, a.

Defn: Frolicsome. [Obs.] Richardson.

FROLICLY Frol"ic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FROLICSOME Frol"ic*some, a.

Defn: Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive. Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors. Sir W. Scott. — Frol"ic*some*ly, adv. — Frol"ic*some*ness, n.

FROM From, prep. Etym: [AS. fram, from; akin to OS. fram out, OHG. & Icel. fram forward, Sw. fram, Dan. frem, Goth. fram from, prob. akin to E. forth. Fro, Foremost.]

Defn: Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; — used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; — the aritithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds; men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony. Experience from the time past to the time present. Bacon. The song began from Jove. Drpden. From high Mæonia's rocky shores I came. Addison. If the wind blow any way from shore. Shak.

Note: From sometimes denotes away from, remote from, inconsistent with. "Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing." Shak. From, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great multitudes of people . . . from [the land] beyond Jordan." Math. iv. 25. In certain constructions, as from forth, from out, etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly forth from, out from — from being virtually the governing preposition, and the word the adverb. See From off, under Off, adv., and From afar, under Afar, adv. Sudden partings such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron.

FROMWARD; FROMWARDS From"ward, From"wards, prep. Etym: [AS. framweard about to depart. Cf. Froward]

Defn: A way from; — the contrary of toward. [Obs.] Towards or fromwards the zenith. Cheyne.

FROND Frond, n. Etym: [L. frons, frondis, a leafy branch, foliage.] (Bot.)

Defn: The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the frond of a fern or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.

FRONDATION Fron*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. frondatio, from frons. See Frond.]

Defn: The act of stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind of pruning. Evelyn.

FRONDE Fronde, n. Etym: [F.] (F. Hist.)

Defn: A political party in France, during the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made war upon the court party.

FRONDED Frond"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with fronds. "Fronded palms." Whittier.

FRONDENT Fron"dent, a. Etym: [L. frondens, p. pr. of frondere to put forth leaves. See Frond.]

Defn: Covered with leaves; leafy; as, a frondent tree. [R.]

FRONDESCE Fron*desce", v. i. Etym: [L. frondescere, inchoative fr. frondere. See Frondent.]

Defn: To unfold leaves, as plants.

FRONDESCENCE Fron*des"cence, n. (Bot.) (a) The time at which each species of plants unfolds its leaves. (b) The act of bursting into leaf. Milne. Martyn.

FRONDEUR Fron"deur`, n. Etym: [F.] (F. Hist.)

Defn: A member of the Fronde.

FRONDIFEROUS Fron*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. frondifer frons a leafy branch + ferre to bear: cf. F. frondifere.]

Defn: Producing fronds.

FRONDLET Frond"let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound frond.

FRONDOSE Fron*dose", a. Etym: [L. frondosus leafy.] (Bot.) (a) Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion not separable into stem and leaves. (b) Leafy. Gray.

FRONDOUS Fron"dous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Frondose. [R.]

FRONS Frons, n. Etym: [L., front.] (Anal.)

Defn: The forehead; the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.

FRONT Front, n. Etym: [F. frant forehead, L. frons, frontis; perh. akin to E. brow.]

1. The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face. Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's tongue. Pope. Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front. Shak. His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior.

2. The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold front; a hardened front. With smiling fronts encountering. Shak. The inhabitants showed a bold front. Macaulay.

3. The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the van; — the opposite to back or rear; as, the front of a house; the front of an army. Had he his hurts before Ay, on the front. Shak.

4. A position directly before the face of a person, or before the foremost part of a thing; as, in front of un person, of the troops, or of a house.

5. The most conspicuous part. The very head and front of my offending. Shak.

6. That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of false hair worn by women. Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front. Mrs. Browning.

7. The beginning. "Summer's front." Shak. Bastioned front (Mil.), a curtain connerting two half bastions. — Front door, the door in the front wall of a building, usually the principal entrance. — Front of fortification, the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon. Farrow. — Front of operations, all that part of the field of operations in front of the successive positions occupied by the army as it moves forward. Farrow. — To come to the front, to attain prominence or leadership.

FRONT Front, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the front or forward part; having a position in front; foremost; as, a front view.

FRONT Front, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fronted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fronting.]

1. To oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner. You four shall front them in the narrow lane. Shak.

2. To appear before; to meet. [Enid] daily fronted him In some fresh splendor. Tennyson.

3. To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; as, the house fronts the street. And then suddenly front the changed reality. J. Morley.

4. To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house fronts the church.

5. To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as, to front a house with marble; to front a head with laurel. Yonder walls, that pertly front your town. Shak.

FRONT Front, v. t.

Defn: To have or turn the face or front in any direction; as, the house fronts toward the east.

FRONTAGE Front"age, n.

Defn: The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.

FRONTAL Fron"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. frontal.]

Defn: Belonging to the front part; being in front; esp. (Anat.),

Defn: Of or pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of the brain case; as, the frontal bones.

FRONTAL Fron"tal, n. Etym: [F. frontal, fronteau, OF. Frontel, frontal, L. frontale an ornament for the forehead, frontlet. See Front.]

1. Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet; as: (a) An ornamental band for the hair. (b) (Mil.) The metal face guard of a soldier.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A little pediment over a door or window.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: A movable, decorative member in metal, carved wood, or, commonly, in rich stuff or in embroidery, covering the front of the altar. Frontals are usually changed according to the different ceremonies.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A medicament or application for the forehead. [Obs.] Quincy.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The frontal bone, or one of the two frontal bones, of the cranium. Frontal hammer or helve, a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a "tongue" immediately in front of the hammer head. Raymond.

FRONTATE; FRONTATED Fron"tate, Fronta*ted, a.

Defn: Growing broader and broader, as a leaf; truncate.

FRONTED Front"ed, a.

Defn: Formed with a front; drawn up in line. "Fronted brigades." Milton.

FRONTIER Fron"tier, n. Etym: [F. frontière, LL. frontaria. See Front.]

1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated part of a country; as, the frontier of civilization.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork. [Obs.] Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets. Shak.

FRONTIER Fron"tier, a.

1. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a frontier town.

2. Of or relating to a frontier. "Frontier experience." W. Irving.

FRONTIER Fron"tier, v. i.

Defn: To constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; — with on. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

FRONTIERED Fron"tiered, p. a.

Defn: Placed on the frontiers. [R.]

FRONTIERSMAN Fron"tiers*man, n.; pl. Frontiersmen.

Defn: A man living on the frontier.

FRONTIGNAC; FRONTIGNAN Fron`ti*gnac", Fron`ti`gnan" (, n. Etym: [So called from Frontignan, a town in Southern France.]

1. A sweet muscadine wine made in Frontignan (Languedoc), France.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A grape of many varieties and colors.

FRONTINGLY Front"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fronting or facing position; opposingly.

FRONTINIAC Fron`tin*iac", n.

Defn: See Frontignac.

FRONTISPIECE Fron"tis*piece, n. Etym: [F. frontispice, LL. frontispicium beginning, front of a church, fr. L. frons front + spicere, specere, to look at, view: cf. It. frontispizio. See Front and Spy.]

Defn: The part which first meets the eye; as: (a) (Arch.) The principal front of a building. [Obs. or R.] (b) An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage itself.

FRONTLESS Front"less, a.

Defn: Without face or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent. [Obs.] "Frontless vice." Dryden. "Frontless flattery." Pope.

FRONTLESSLY Front"less*ly, adv.

Defn: Shamelessly; impudently. [Obs.]

FRONTLET Front"let, n. Etym: [OF. frontelet brow band, dim. of frontel, frontal. See Frontal, n.]

1. A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on the forehead. They shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. Deut. vi. 8.

2. A frown (likened to a frontlet). [R. & Poetic] What makes that frontlet on Methinks you are too much of late i' the frown. Shak.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The margin of the head, behind the bill of birds, often bearing rigid bristles.

FRONTO- Fron"to-. Etym: [L. frons, frontis, the forehead.] (Anat.)

Defn: A combining form signifying relating to the forehead or the frontal bone; as, fronto-parietal, relating to the frontal and the parietal bones; fronto-nasal, etc.

FRONTON Fron`ton", n. Etym: [F., a pediment. See Front.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Frontal, 2.

FROPPISH Frop"pish, a. Etym: [Cf. Frap, Frape.]

Defn: Peevish; froward. [Obs.] Clarendon.

FRORE Frore, adv. Etym: [See Frorn.]

Defn: Frostily. [Obs.] The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton.

FRORN Frorn, p. a. Etym: [AS. froren, p. p. of freósun to freeze. See Freeze.]

Defn: Frozen. [Obs.] Well nigh frorn I feel. Spenser.

FRORY Fro"ry, a. Etym: [AS. freórig. See Frorn.]

1. Frozen; stiff with cold. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Covered with a froth like hoarfrost. [Archaic] The foaming steed with frory bit to steer. Fairfax.

FROST Frost, n. Etym: [OE. frost, forst, AS. forst, frost. fr. freósan to freeze; akin to D. varst, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. frost. *18. See Freeze, v. i.]

1. The act of freezing; — applied chiefly to the congelation of water; congelation of fluids.

2. The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather. The third bay comes a frost, a killing frost. Shak.

3. Frozen dew; — called also hoarfrost or white frost. He scattereth the frost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16.

4. Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character. [R.] It was of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow wreath. Sir W. Scott. Black frost, cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost. — Frost bearer (Physics), a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophous. — Frost grape (Bot.), an American grape, with very small, acid berries. — Frost lamp, a lamp placed below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold nights; — used especially in lighthouses. Knight. — Frost nail, a nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe to keen him from slipping. — Frost smoke, an appearance resembling smoke, caused by congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold. The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black obscurity: it is the frost smoke of arctic winters. Kane. — Frost valve, a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to freeze. — Jack Frost, a popular personification of frost.

FROST Frost, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frostted; p. pr. & vb. n. Frosting.]

1. To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.

2. To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass. While with a hoary light she frosts the ground. Wordsworth.

3. To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.

FROSTBIRD Frost"bird, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden plover.

FROSTBITE Frost"bite, n.

Defn: The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as the ears or nose. Kane.

FROSTBITE Frost`bite", v. t.

Defn: To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost. My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frostbite themselves. Pepys.

FROST-BITTEN Frost`-bit"ten, p. a.

Defn: Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.

FROST-BLITE Frost`-blite", n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Atriplex; orache. Gray. (b) The lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album). Dr. Prior.

FROSTBOW Frost"bow`, n.

Defn: A white arc or circle in the sky attending frosty weather and formed by reflection of sunlight from ice crystals floating in the air; the parhelic circle whose center is at the zenith.

FROSTED Frost"ed, a.

Defn: Covered with hoarfrost or anything resembling hoarfrost; ornamented with frosting; also, frost-bitten; as, a frosted cake; frosted glass. Frosted work is introduced as a foil or contrast to burnished work. Knight.

FROSTFISH Frost`fish", n. (Zoöl.) (a) The tomcod; — so called because it is abundant on the New England coast in autumn at about the commencement of frost. See Tomcod. (b) The smelt. [Local, U. S.] (c) A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard fish (Lepidotus) valued as a food fish.

FROSTILY Frost"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frosty manner.

FROSTINESS Frost"i*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being frosty.

FROSTING Frost"ing, n.

1. A composition of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament cake, pudding, etc.

2. A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the process of producing such a finish.

FROSTLESS Frost"less, a.

Defn: Free from frost; as, a frostless winter.

FROST SIGNAL Frost" sig`nal. (Meteor.)

Defn: A signal consisting of a white flag with a black center, used by the United States Weather Bureau to indicate that a local frost is expected. It is used only in Florida and along the coasts of the Pacific and the Gulf Mexico.

FROSTWEED Frost"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An American species of rockrose (Helianthemum Canadense), sometimes used in medicine as an astringent or aromatic tonic.

Note: It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile, and later it has abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear seed. It is so called because, late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at the root; — called also frostwort.

FROSTWORK Frost`work", n.

Defn: The figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a flagstone.

FROSTWORT Frost`wort", n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Frostweed.

FROSTY Frost"y, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. fyrstig.]

1. Attended with, or producing, frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing; as, a frosty night.

2. Covered with frost; as, the grass is frosty.

3. Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage. Johnson.

4. Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white; gray-haired; as, a frosty head. Shak.

FROTE Frote, v. t. Etym: [F. frotter.]

Defn: To rub or wear by rubbing; to chafe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

FROTERER Fro"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who frotes; one who rubs or chafes. [Obs.] Marston.

FROTH Froth, n. Etym: [OE. frothe, Icel. frotha; akin to Dan. fraade, Sw. fradga, AS. afreothan to froth.]

1. The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by fermentation or agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva caused by disease or nervous excitement.

2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; rhetoric without thought. Johnson. It was a long speech, but all froth. L'Estrange.

3. Light, unsubstantial matter. Tusser. Froth insect (Zoöl.), the cuckoo spit or frog hopper; — called also froth spit, froth worm, and froth fly. — Froth spit. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.

FROTH Froth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frothed; p. pr. & vb. n.. Frothing.]

1. To cause to foam.

2. To spit, vent, or eject, as froth. He . . . froths treason at his mouth. Dryden. Is your spleen frothed out, or have ye more Tennyson.

3. To cover with froth; as, a horse froths his chain.

FROTH Froth, v. i.

Defn: To throw up or out spume, foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer froths; a horse froths.

FROTHILY Froth"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frothy manner.

FROTHINESS Froth"i*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being frothy.

FROTHING Froth"ing, n.

Defn: Exaggerated declamation; rant.

FROTHLESS Froth"less, a.

Defn: Free from froth.

FROTHY Froth"y, a. [Compar. Frothier; superl. Frothiest.]

1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles; spumous; foamy.

2. Not firm or solid; soft; unstable. Bacon.

3. Of the nature of froth; light; empty; unsubstantial; as, a frothy speaker or harangue. Tillotson.

FROUFROU Frou"frou`, n. [F., of imitative origin.]

Defn: A rustling, esp. the rustling of a woman's dress.

FROUNCE Frounce, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Frouncing.] Etym: [OE. frouncen, fronsen, to told, wrinkle, OF. froncier, F. froncer, perh. fr. an assumed LL. frontiare to wrinkle the forehead, L. frons forehead. See Front, and cf. Flounce part of a dress.]

Defn: To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair. Not tricked and frounced, as she was wont. Milton.

FROUNCE Frounce, v. i.

Defn: To form wrinkles in the forehead; to manifest displeasure; to frown. [Obs.] The Commons frounced and stormed. Holland.

FROUNCE Frounce, n.

1. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a flounce; — also, a frown. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. An affection in hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the hawk's bill. Booth.

FROUNCELESS Frounce"less, a.

Defn: Without frounces. Rom. of R.

FROUZY Frou"zy, a. Etym: [Prov. E. frouzy froward, peevish, offensive to the eye or smell; cf. froust a musty smell, frouse to rumple, frouze to curl, and E. frounce, frowy.]

Defn: Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and offensive to the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See Frowzy. "Petticoats in frouzy heaps." Swift.

FROW Frow, n. Etym: [D. vrouw; akin to G. frau woman, wife, goth, fráuja master, lord, AS. freá.]

1. A woman; especially, a Dutch or German woman. Beau. & Fl.

2. A dirty woman; a slattern. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

FROW Frow, n. Etym: [Cf. Frower.]

Defn: A cleaving tool with handle at right angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a frower.

FROW Frow, a.

Defn: Brittle. [Obs.] Evelyn.

FROWARD Fro"ward, a. Etym: [Fro + -ward. See Fro, and cf. Fromward.]

Defn: Not willing to yield or compIy with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; disobedient; peevish; as, a froward child. A froward man soweth strife. Prov. xvi. 28. A froward retention of custom is as turbulent a thing as innovation. Bacon.

Syn. — Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable: refractory; obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See Perverse. — Fro"ward*ly, adv. — Fro"ward*ness, n.

FROWER Frow"er, n. Etym: [Cf. frow a frower, and Prov. E, frommard.]

Defn: A tool. See 2d Frow. Tusser.

FROWEY Frow"ey, a. Etym: [See Frow, a.] (Carp.)

Defn: Working smoothly, or without splitting; — said of timber.

FROWN Frown, v. i. [imp. &, p. p. Frowned; p. pr. & vb. n. Frowning.] Etym: [OF. froignier, F. frogner, in se refrogner, se renfrogner, to knit the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic origin; cf. It. in frigno wrinkled, frowning, Prov. It. frignare to cringe the face, to make a wry face, dial. Sw. fryna to make a wry face,]

1. To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness; to scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look. The frowning wrinkle of her brow. Shak.

2. To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavor or threateningly; to lower; as, polite society frowns upon rudeness. The sky doth frown and lower upon our army. Shak.

FROWN Frown, v. t.

Defn: To repress or repel by expressing displeasure or disapproval; to rebuke with a look; as, frown the impudent fellow into silence.

FROWN Frown, n.

1. A wrinkling of the face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour, severe, or stere look; a scowl. His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior. Her very frowns are fairer far Than smiles of other maidens are. H. Coleridge.

2. Any expression of displeasure; as, the frowns of Providence; the frowns of Fortune.

FROWNINGLY Frown"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a frowning manner.

FROWNY Frown"y, a.

Defn: Frowning; scowling. [Obs.] Her frowny mother's ragged shoulder. Sir F. Palgrave.

FROWY Frow"y, a. Etym: [Cf. Frowzy, Frouzy.]

Defn: Musty. rancid; as, frowy butter. "Frowy feed." Spenser

FROWZY Frow"zy, a. Etym: [See Frouzy.]

Defn: Slovenly; unkempt; untidy; frouzy. "With head all frowzy." Spenser. The frowzy soldiers' wives hanging out clothes. W. D. Howells.

FROZE Froze,

Defn: imp. of Freeze.

FROZEN Fro"zen, a.

1. Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; as, a frozen brook. They warmed their frozen feet. Dryden.

2. Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold; chilly; as, the frozen north; the frozen zones.

3. Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding. [R.] Be not ever frozen, coy. T. Carew.

FROZENNESS Fro"zen*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being frozen.

FRUBISH Frub"ish, v. t. Etym: [See Furbish.]

Defn: To rub up: to furbish. [Obs.] Beau. c& Et.

FRUCTED Fruc"ted, a. Etym: [L. fructus fruit. See Fruit.] (Her.)

Defn: Bearing fruit; — said of a tree or plant so represented upon an escutcheon. Cussans.

FRUCTESCENCE Fruc*tes"cence, n. Etym: [L. fructus fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: The maturing or ripening of fruit. [R.] Martyn.

FRUCTICULOSE Fruc*tic"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Fruitful; full of fruit.

FRUCTIDOR Fruc`ti`dor", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. fructus fruit.]

Defn: The twelfth month of the French republican calendar; — commencing August 18, and ending September 16. See Vendémiaire.

FRUCTIFERUOS Fruc*tif"er*uos, a. Etym: [L. fructifer; fructus fruit + ferre to bear; cf. F. fructifère.]

Defn: Bearing or producing fruit. Boyle.

FRUCTIFICATION Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. fructificatio: cf. F. fructification.]

1. The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation. The prevalent fructification of plants. Sir T. Brown.

2. (Bot.) (a) The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores. (b) The process of producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.

FRUCTIFY Fruc"ti*fy, v. i. Etym: [F. fructifier, L. fructificare; fructus fruit + ficare (only in comp.), akin to L. facere to make. See Fruit, and Fact.]

Defn: To bear fruit. "Causeth the earth to fructify." Beveridge.

FRUCTIFY Fruc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fructified; p. pr. & vb. n. Fructifying.]

Defn: To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to fructify the earth.

FRUCTOSE Fruc*tose", n. Etym: [L. fructus fruit.] (Chem.)

Defn: Fruit sugar; levulose. [R.]

FRUCTUARY Fruc"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Fructuaries. Etym: [L. fructuarius.]

Defn: One who enjoys the profits, income, or increase of anything. Kings are not proprietors nor fructuaries. Prynne.

FRUCTUATION Fruc"tu*a`tion, n.

Defn: Produce; fruit, [R.]

FRUCTUOUS Fruc"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. fructuosus: cf, F. fructueux.]

Defn: Fruitful; productive; profitable. [Obs.] Nothing fructuous or profitable. Chaucer. — Fruc"tu*ous*ly, adv. — Fruc"tu*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

FRUCTURE Fruc"ture, n. Etym: [L. frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy. See Fruit, n.]

Defn: Use; fruition; enjoyment. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

FRUE VANNER Frue" van"ner. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mining)

Defn: A moving, inclined, endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water; a kind of buddle.

FRUGAL Fru"gal, a. Etym: [L. frugalis, fr. frugi, lit., for fruit; hence, fit for food, useful, proper, temperate, the dative of frux, frugis, fruit, akin to E. fruit: cf. F. frugal. See Fruit, n.]

1. Economical in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish; wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time, etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving; as, a frugal housekeeper; frugal of time. I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such disproportions. Milton.

2. Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as, a frugal fortune. "Frugal fare." Dryden.

FRUGALITY Fru*gal"i*ty, n.; pl. Frugalities. Etym: [L. frugalitas: cf. F. frugalité.]

1. The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; that careful management of anything valuable which expends nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable purpose; thrift; —- opposed to extravagance. Frugality is founded on the principle that all riches have limits. Burke.

2. A sparing use; sparingness; as, frugality of praise.

Syn. — Economy; parsimony. See Economy.

FRUGALLY Fru"gal*ly, adv.

Defn: Thriftily; prudently.

FRUGALNESS Fru"gal*ness

Defn: , n. Quality of being frugal; frugality.

FRUGIFEROUS Fru*gif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. frugifer; frux, frugis, fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F. frugifere.]

Defn: Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous. Dr. H. More.

FRUGIVORA Fru*giv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Frugivorous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fruit bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the bats which live on fruits. See Eruit bat, under Fruit.

FRUGIVOROUS Fru*giv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. frux, frugis, fruit + vorare to devour.: cf. F. frugivore.]

Defn: Feeding on fruit, as birds and other animals. Pennant.

FRUIT Fruit, n. Etym: [OE. fruit, frut, F. fruit, from L. fructus enjoyment, product, fruit, from frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy; akin to E. brook, v. t. See Broook, v. t., and cf. Fructify, Frugal.]

1. Whatever is produced for the nourishment or enjoyment of man or animals by the processes of vegetable growth, as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; — commonly used in the plural. Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof. Ex. xxiii. 10.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: The pulpy, edible seed vessels of certain plants, especially those grown on branches above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes, melons, berries, etc. See 3.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The ripened ovary of a flowering plant, with its contents and whatever parts are consolidated with it.

Note: Fruits are classified as fleshy, drupaceous, and -dry. Fleshy fruits include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike fruita and pomes; drupaceous fruits are stony within and fleshy without, as peaches, plums, and chercies;and dry fruits are further divided into achenes, follicles, legumes, capsules, nuts, and several other kinds.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The spore cases or conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of ferns, mosses, algae, etc., with the spores contained in them.

6. The produce of animals; offspring; young; as, the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the body. King Edward's fruit, true heir to the English crown. Shak.

6. That which is produced; the effect or consequence of any action; advantageous or desirable product or result; disadvantageous or evil consequence or effect; as, the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of intemperance. The fruit of rashness. Shak. What I obtained was the fruit of no bargain. Burke. They shall eat the fruit of their doings. Is. iii 10. The fruits of this education became visible. Macaulay.

Note: Fruit is frequently used adjectively, signifying of, for, or pertaining to a fruit or fruits; as, fruit bud; fruit frame; fruit jar; fruit knife; fruit loft; fruit show; fruit stall; fruit tree; etc. Fruit bat (Zoöl.), one of the Frugivora; — called also fruit- eating bat. — Fruit bud (Bot.), a bud that produces fruit; — in most oplants the same as the power bud. Fruit dot (Bot.), a collection of fruit cases, as in ferns. See Sorus. — Fruit fly (Zoöl.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Drosophila, which lives in fruit, in the larval state. — Fruit jar, a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of glass or earthenware. — Fruit pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons of the family Carpophagidæ, inhabiting India, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit. and are noted for their beautiful colors. — Fruit sugar (Chem.), a kind of sugar occurring, naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose. The name is also, though rarely, applied to invert sugar, or to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose resembling it, and found in fruits and honey. — Fruit tree (Hort.), a tree cultivated for its edible fruit. — Fruit worm (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of insect larvæ: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera. — Small fruits (Hort.), currants, raspberries, strawberries, etc.

FRUIT Fruit, v. i.

Defn: To bear fruit. Chesterfield.

FRUITAGE Fruit"age, n. Etym: [F. fruitage.]

1. Fruit, collectively; fruit, in general; fruitery. The trees . . . ambrosial fruitage bear. Milton.

2. Product or result of any action; effect, good or ill.

FRUITER Fruit"er, a.

Defn: A ship for carrying fruit.

FRUITERER Fruit"er*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fruitier.]

Defn: One who deals in fruit; a seller of fruits.

FRUITERESS Fruit"er*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who sells fruit.

FRUITERY Fruit"er*y, n.; pl. Fruiteries. Etym: [F. fruiterie place where fruit is kept, in OF. also, fruitage.]

1. Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage. J. Philips.

2. A repository for fruit. Johnson.

FRUITESTERE Fruit"es*tere, n.

Defn: A fruiteress. [Obs.]

FRUITFUL Fruit"ful, a.

Defn: Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a fruitful tree, or season, or soil; a fruitful wife. — Fruit"ful*ly, adv. — Fruit"ful*ness, n. Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth. Gen. i. 28. [Nature] By disburdening grows More fruitful. Milton. The great fruitfulness of the poet's fancy. Addison.

Syn. — Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful; rich; abundant; plenteous. See Fertile.

FRUITING Fruit"ing, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, fruit.

FRUITING Fruit"ing, n.

Defn: The bearing of fruit.

FRUITION Fru*i"tion, n. Etym: [OF. fruition, L. fruitio, enjoyment, fr. L. frui, p. p. fruitus, to use or enjoy. See Fruit, n.]

Defn: Use or possession of anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use. "Capacity of fruition." Rogers. "Godlike fruition." Milton. Where I may have fruition of her love. Shak.

FRUITIVE Fru"i*tive, a. Etym: [See Fruition.]

Defn: Eujoying; possessing. [Obs.] Boyle.

FRUITLESS Fruit"less, a.

1. Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of offspring; as, a fruitless tree or shrub; a fruitless marriage. Shak.

2. Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless; unprofitable; as, a fruitless attempt; a fruitless controversy. They in mutual accusation spent The fruitless hours. Milton.

Syn. — Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive; ineffectual; vain; idle; profitless. See Useless. — Fruit"less*ly, adv. — Fruit"lness*ness, n.

FRUITY Fruit"y, a.

Defn: Having the odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful. Dickens.

FRUMENTACEOUS Fru"men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. frumentaceus, fr. frumentum corn or grain, from the root of frux fruit: cf. F. frumentacé. See Frugal.]

Defn: Made of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.

FRUMENTARIOUS Fru`men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. frumentarius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to wheat or grain. [R.] Coles.

FRUMENTATION Fru`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. frumentatio.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when uneasy.

FRUMENTY Fru"men*ty, n. Etym: [OF. fromentée, fr. L. frumentum. See Frumentaceous.]

Defn: Food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc. [Written also furmenty and furmity.] Halliwell.

FRUMP Frump, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. frumple to wrinkle, ruffle, D. frommelen.]

Defn: To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

FRUMP Frump, n.

1. A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

FRUMPER Frump"er, n.

Defn: A mocker. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

FRUMPISH Frump"ish, a.

1. Cross-tempered; scornful. [Obs.]

2. Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress. Our Bell . . . looked very frumpish. Foote.

FRUSH Frush, v. t. Etym: [F. froisser to bruise. Cf. Froise.]

Defn: To batter; to break in pieces. [Obs.] I like thine armor well; I'll frush it and unlock the rivets all. Shak.

FRUSH Frush, a.

Defn: Easily broken; brittle; crisp.

FRUSH Frush, n.

Defn: Noise; clatter; crash. [R.] Southey.

FRUSH Frush, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. frosch, frosk, a frog (the animal), G. frosch frog (the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See Frog, n., 2.]

1. (Far.)

Defn: The frog of a horse's foot.

2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a horse's foot; — also caled thrush.

FRUSTRABLE Frus"tra*ble, a. Etym: [L. frustrabilis: cf. F. frustable.]

Defn: Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.

FRUSTRANEOUS Frus*tra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Frustrate, a.]

Defn: Vain; useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] South.

FRUSTRATE Frus"trate, a. Etym: [L. frustratus, p. p. of frustrare, frustrari, to deceive, frustrate, fr. frustra in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for frudtra and akin to fraus, E. fraud.]

Defn: Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect. "Our frustrate search." Shak.

FRUSTRATE Frus"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frustrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Frustrating.]

1. To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan, design, or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose. Shall the adversary thus obtain His end and frustrate thine Milton.

2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or deed.

Syn. — To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.

FRUSTRATELY Frus"trate*ly, adv.

Defn: In vain. [Obs.] Vicars.

FRUSTRATION Frus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. frustratio: cf. OF. frustration.]

Defn: The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the frustration of one's designs

FRUSTRATIVE Frus"tra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to defeat; fallacious. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

FRUSTRATORY Frus"tra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. frustrotorius: cf. F. frustratoire.]

Defn: Making void; rendering null; as, a frustratory appeal. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

FRUSTULE Frus"tule, n. Etym: [L. frustulum, dim. fr. frustum a piece: cf. F. frustule.] (Bot.)

Defn: The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.

FRUSTULENT Frus"tu*lent, a. Etym: [L. frustulentus. See Frustule.]

Defn: Abounding in fragments. [R.]

FRUSTUM Frus"tum, n.; pl. L. Frusta, E. Frustums. Etym: [L. fruslum piece, bit.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the drums of the shaft of a column.

FRUTAGE Frut"age, n. Etym: [Cf. Fruitage.]

1. A picture of fruit; decoration by representation of fruit. The cornices consist of frutages and festoons. Evelyn.

2. A confection of fruit. [Obs.] Nares.

FRUTESCENT Fru*tes"cent, a. Etym: [L. frulex, fruticis, shrub, bush: cf. F. frutescent, L. fruticescens, p. pr.] (Bot.)

Defn: Somewhat shrubby in character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of Wistaria.

FRUTEX Fru"tex, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant having a woody, durable stem, but less than a tree; a shrub.

FRUTICANT Fru"ti*cant, a. Etym: [L. fruticans, p. pr. of fruticare, to become bushy, fr. frutex, fruticis, shrub.]

Defn: Full of shoots. [Obs.] Evelyn.

FRUTICOSE Fru"ti*cose`, a. Etym: [L. fruticosus, from frutex, fruticis, shrub] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a shrub or shrubs; branching like a shrub; shrubby; shrublike; as, a fruticose stem. Gray.

FRUTICOUS Fru"ti*cous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Fruticose. [R.]

FRUTICULOSE Fru*tic"u*lose`, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. L. fruticosus bushy: cf. F. fruticuleux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub. Gray.

FRY Fry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fried; p. pr. & vb. n. Frying.] Etym: [OE. frien, F. frire, fr. L. frigere to roast, parch, fry, cf. Gr. bhrajj. Cf. Fritter.]

Defn: To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; as, to fry fish; to fry doughnuts.

FRY Fry, v. i.

1. To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.

2. To simmer; to boil. [Obs.] With crackling flames a caldron fries. Dryden The frothy billows fry. Spenser.

3. To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a sensation of heat. To keep the oil from frying in the stomach. Bacon.

4. To be agitated; to be greatly moved. [Obs.] What kindling motions in their breasts do fry. Fairfax.

FRY Fry, n.

1. A dish of anything fried.

2. A state of excitement; as, to be in a fry. [Colloq.]

FRY Fry, n. Etym: [OE. fri, fry, seed, descendants, cf. OF. froye spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L. fricare tosub (see Friction), but cf. also Icel. fræ, frjo, seed, Sw. & Dan. frö, Goth. fraiw seed, descendants.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The young of any fish.

2. A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small things in general. The fry of children young. Spenser. To sever . . . the good fish from the other fry. Milton. We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small fry. Walpole.

FRYING Fry"ing, n.

Defn: The process denoted by the verb fry. Frying pan, an iron pan with a long handle, used for frying meat. vegetables, etc.

FU Fu, n. [Chin.]

Defn: A department in China comprising several hsein; also, the chief city of a department; — often forming the last part of a name; as, Paoting-fu.

FUAGE Fu"age, n.

Defn: Same as Fumage.

FUAR Fu"ar, n.

Defn: Same as Feuar.

FUB; FUBS Fub, Fubs (, n. Etym: [Cf. Fob a pocket.]

Defn: A plump young person or child. [Obs.] Smart.

FUB Fub, v. t. Etym: [The same word as fob to cheat.]

Defn: To put off by trickery; to cheat. [Obs.] I have been fubbed off, and fubbed off, and fabbed off, from this day to that day. Shak.

FUBBERY Fub"ber*y, n.

Defn: Cheating; deception. Marston.

FUBBY; FUBSY Fub"by, Fub"sy a.

Defn: Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a fubsy sofa. [Eng.] A fubsy, good-humored, silly . . . old maid. Mme. D'Arblay.

FUCATE; FUCATED Fu"cate, Fu"ca*ted a. Etym: [L. fucatus, p. p. of fucare to color, paint, fr. fucus.]

Defn: Painted; disguised with paint, or with false show.

FUCHS Fuchs, n. Etym: [G., prop., a fox.] (German Univ.)

Defn: A student of the first year.

FUCHSIA Fuch"si*a, n.; pl. E. Fuchsias, L. Fuchslæ. Etym: [NL. Named after Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double-flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.

FUCHSINE Fuch"sine, n. Etym: [Named by the French inventor, from Fuchs a fox, the German equivalent of his own name, Renard.] (Chem.)

Defn: Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially, resembling cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark red. It consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See Rosaniline.

FUCIVOROUS Fu*civ"o*rous, a. Etym: [Fucus + L. vorare to eat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating fucus or other seaweeds.

FUCOID Fu"coid, a. Etym: [Fucus + -oid.] (Bot.) (a) Properly, belonging to an order of alga: (Fucoideæ) which are blackish in color, and produce oöspores which are not fertilized until they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds and the gulfweed (Sargassum) are fucoid in character. (b) In a vague sense, resembling seaweeds, or of the nature of seaweeds.

FUCOID Fu"coid, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed. See Fucoid, a.

FUCOIDAL Fu*coid"al, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Fucoid.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Containing impressions of fossil fucoids or seaweeds; as, fucoidal sandstone.

FUCUS Fu"cus, n.; pl. Fuci. Etym: [L. rock lichen, orchil, used as a red dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.]

1. A paint; a dye; also, false show. [Obs.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tough, leathery seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish green color; rockweed.

Note: Formerly most marine alg were called fuci.

FUCUSOL Fu"cu*sol, n. Etym: [Fucus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly identical with, furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other seaweeds.

FUD Fud, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.]

1. The tail of a hare, coney, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.

FUDDER Fud"der, n.

Defn: See Fodder, a weight.

FUDDLE Fud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p., Fuddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fuddling.] Etym: [Perh. formed as a kind of dim. of full. Cf. Fuzzle.]

Defn: To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated. [Colloq.] I am too fuddled to take care to observe your orders. Steele.

FUDDLE Fud"dle, v. i.

Defn: To drink to excess. [Colloq.]

FUDDLER Fud"dler, n.

Defn: A drunkard. [Colloq.] Baxter.

FUDGE Fudge, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. F. fuche, feuche, an interj. of contempt.]

Defn: A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; — often an exclamation of contempt.

FUDGE Fudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Fudging.]

1. To make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate. Fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness. N. Fairfax.

2. To foist; to interpolate. That last "suppose" is fudged in. Foote .

FUDGE WHEEL Fudge" wheel". (Shoemaking)

Defn: A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.

FUEGIAN Fu*e"gi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Terra del Fuego. — n.

Defn: A native of Terra del Fuego.

FUEL Fu"el, n. Etym: [OF. fouail, fuail, or fouaille, fuaille, LL. focalium, focale, fr. L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See Focus.] [Formerly written also fewel.]

1. Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.

2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement. Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.

FUEL Fu"el, v. t.

1. To feed with fuel. [Obs.] Never, alas I the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame. Cowley.

2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing. [Obs.] Well watered and well fueled. Sir H. Wotton.

FUELER Fu"el*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, supplies fuel. [R.] [Written also fueller.] Donne.

FUERO Fu*e"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. L. forum.] (Sp. Law) (a) A code; a charter; a grant of privileges. (b) A custom having the force of law. (c) A declaration by a magistrate. (d) A place where justice is administered. (e) The jurisdiction of a tribunal. Burrill.

FUFF Fuff, v. t. & i. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Puff.]

Defn: To puff. [Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.] Halliwel.

FUFFY Fuff"y, a.

Defn: Light; puffy. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

FUGA Fu"ga, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A fugue.

FUGACIOUS Fu*ga"cious, a. Etym: [L. fugax, fugacis, from fugere: cf. F. fugace. See Fugitive.]

1. Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a short time; volatile. Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so uncertain purchase. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Fleeting; lasting but a short time; — applied particularly to organs or parts which are short-lived as compared with the life of the individual.

FUGACIOUSNESS Fu*ga"cious*ness, n.

Defn: Fugacity. [Obs.]

FUGACITY Fu*gac"i*ty, a. Etym: [L fugacitas: cf. F. fugacité.]

1. The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; as, fugacity of spirits. Boyle.

2. Uncertainty; instability. Johnson.

FUGACY Fu"ga*cy, n.

Defn: Banishment. [Obs.] Milton.

FUGATO Fu*ga"to, a. (Mus.)

Defn: in the gugue style, but not strictly like a fugue. — n.

Defn: A composition resembling a fugue.

FUGH Fugh, interj.

Defn: An exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh. Dryden.

FUGHETTA Fu*ghet"ta, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: a short, condensed fugue. Grove.

FUGITIVE Fu"gi*tive, a. Etym: [OE. fugitif, F. fugitif, fr. L. fugitivus, fr. fugere to flee. See Bow to bend, and cf. Feverfew.]

1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive slave; a fugitive debtor. The fugitive Parthians follow. Shak. Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear Richardson A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; — applied to material and immaterial things; as, fugitive colors; a fugitive idea. The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of vegatables. Woodward. Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional, and so published that they quickly escape notice.

Syn. — Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.

FUGITIVE Fu"gi*tive, n.

1. One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from justice.

2. Something hard to be caught or detained. Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit. Harte. Fugitive from justice (Law), one who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.

FUGITIVELY Fu"gi*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fugitive manner.

FUGITIVENESS Fu"gi*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity; instability.

FUGLE Fu"gle, v. i.

Defn: To maneuver; to move hither and thither. [Colloq.] Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and fugling in the air. Carlyle.

FUGLEMAN Fu"gle*man, n.; pl. Fuglemen. Etym: [G. flügelmann file leader; flügel wing (akin to E. fly) + mann man. Cf. Flugrelman.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of the right wing. [Written also flugelman.]

2. Hence, one who leads the way. [Jocose]

FUGUE Fugue, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. fuga, fr. L. fuga a fleeing, flight, akin to fugere to fiee. See Fugitive.] (Mus.)

Defn: A polyphonic composition, developed from a given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules. The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then, while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the theme is often lost and reappears. All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the parts of a fugue. Jer. Taylor.

FUGUIST Fu"guist, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A musician who composes or performs fugues. Busby.

-FUL -ful. Etym: [See Full, a.]

Defn: A suffix signifying full of, abounding with; as, boastful, harmful, woeful.

FULAHS; FOOLAHS Fu"lahs`

Defn: , Foo"lahs` (, n. pl.; sing. Fulah, Foolan (. (Ethnol.) A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also Fellatahs, Foulahs, and Fellani. Fulah is also used adjectively; as, Fulah empire, tribes, language.

FULBE Ful"be, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Fulahs.

FULCIBLE Ful"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. fulcire to prop.]

Defn: Capable of being propped up. [Obs.] Cockeram.

FULCIMENT Ful"ci*ment, n. Etym: [L. fulcimentum, fr. fulcire to prop.]

Defn: A prop; a fulcrum. [Obs.] Bp. Wilkins.

FULCRA Ful"cra, n. pl.

Defn: See Fulcrum.

FULCRATE Ful"crate, a. Etym: [See Fulcrum.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Propped; supported by accessory organs. [R.] Gray.

2. Furnished with fulcrums.

FULCRUM Ful"crum, n.; pl. L. Fulcra, E. Fulcrums. Etym: [L., bedpost, fr. fulcire to prop.]

1. A prop or support.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a body.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the like. [R.] Gray.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects. (b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.

FULFILL Ful*fill", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulfilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulfilling.] Etym: [OE. fulfillen, fulfullen, AS. fulfyllan; ful full + fyllan to fill. See Full, a., and Fill, v. t.] [Written also fulfil.]

1. To fill up; to make full or complete. [Obs.] "Fulfill her week" Gen. xxix. 27. Suffer thou that the children be fulfilled first, for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to hounds. Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).

2. To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to effectuate. He will, fulfill the desire of them fear him. Ps. cxlv. 199. Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends. Milton. Servants must their masters' minds fulfill. Shak.

FULFILLER Ful*fill"er, n.

Defn: One who fulfills. South.

FULFILLMENT Ful*fill"ment, n. Etym: [Written also fulfilment.]

1. The act of fulfilling; accomplishment; completion; as, the fulfillment of prophecy.

2. Execution; performance; as, the fulfillment of a promise.

FULGENCY Fulgen*cy, n. Etym: [See fulgent.]

Defn: Brightness; splendor; glitter; effulgence. Bailey.

FULGENT Ful"gent, a. Etym: [L. fulgens, -entis, p. pr. of fulgere to flash, glitter, shine, akin to Gr. Phlox, Flagrant.]

Defn: Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent. Other Thracians . . . fulgent morions wore. Glower.

FULGENTLY Ful"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: Dazzlingly; glitteringly.

FULGID Ful"gid, a. Etym: [L. fulgidus. See Fulgent.]

Defn: Shining; glittering; dazzling. [R.] Pope.

FULGIDITY Ful*gid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Splendor; resplendence; effulgence. [R.] Bailey.

FULGOR Ful"gor, n. Etym: [L. fulgor, fr. fulgere to shine.]

Defn: Dazzling brightness; splendor. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

FULGURANT Ful"gu*rant a. Etym: [L. fulgurans, p. pr. of fulgurare.]

Defn: Lightening. [R.] Dr. H. More.

FULGURATA Ful"gu*ra"ta, n. Etym: [NL.] (Electricity)

Defn: A spectro-electric tube in which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an electric spark is observed. Knight.

FULGURATE Ful"gu*rate, v. i. Etym: [L. fulguratus, p. p. of fulgurare to flash, fr. fulgur lightning, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.]

Defn: To flash as lightning. [R.]

FULGURATING Ful"gu*ra`ting, a. (Med.)

Defn: Resembling lightning; — used to describe intense lancinating painsaccompanying locomotor ataxy.

FULGURATION Ful"gu*ra`tion, n. Etym: [L. fulguratio: cf. F. fulguration.]

1. The act of lightening. [R.] Donne.

2. (Assaying)

Defn: The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver, when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface; — also called blick. A phenomenon called, by the old chemists, fulguration. Ure.

FULGURITE Ful"gu*rite, n. Etym: [L. fulguritus, p. p. of fulgurire to strike with lightning, fr. fulgur lightning: cf. F. fulgurite.]

Defn: A vitrified sand tube produced by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube; also, the portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.

FULGURY Ful"gu*ry, n. Etym: [L. fulgur.]

Defn: Lightning. [Obs.]

FULHAM Ful"ham, n. Etym: [So named because supposed to have been chiefly made at Fulham, in Middlesex, Eng.)

Defn: A false die. [Cant] [Written also fullam.] Shak.

FULIGINOSITY Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fuliginosité.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by smoke. [R.]

FULIGINOUS Fu*lig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. fuliginosus, from fuligo soot: cf. F. fuligineux. See Fume.]

1. Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.

2. Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.

FULIGINOUSLY Fu*lig"i*nous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a smoky manner.

FULIMART Fu"li*mart, n.

Defn: Same as Foumart.

FULL Full, a. [Compar. Fuller; superl. Fullest.] Etym: [OE. & AS. ful; akin to OS. ful, D. vol, OHG. fol, G. voll, Icel. fullr, Sw. full, Dan. fuld, Goth. fulls, L. plenus, Gr. p, pr to fill, also to Gr. poly-, pref., G. viel, AS. fela. sq. root80. Cf. Complete, Fill, Plenary, Plenty.]

1. Filled up, having within its limits all that it can contain; supplied; not empty or vacant; — said primarily of hollow vessels, and hence of anything else; as, a cup full of water; a house full of people. Had the throne been full, their meeting would not have been regular. Blackstone.

2. Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in. quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full meal; a full supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full of furniture.

3. Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a full face; the full moon. It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed. Gen. xii. 1. The man commands Like a full soldier. Shak. I can not Request a fuller satisfaction Than you have freely granted. Ford.

4. Sated; surfeited. I am full of the burnt offerings of rams. Is. i. 11.

5. Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored with information. Reading maketh a full man. Bacon.

6. Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it, as, to be full of some project. Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions. Locke.

7. Filled with emotions. The heart is so full that a drop overfills it. Lowell.

8. Impregnated; made pregnant. [Obs.] Ilia, the fair, . . . full of Mars. Dryden. At full, when full or complete. Shak. — Full age (Law) the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority; — in England and the United States the age of 21 years. Abbott. — Full and by (Naut.), sailing closehauled, having all the sails full, and lying as near the wind as poesible. — Full band (Mus.), a band in which all the instruments are employed. — Full binding, the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as distinguished from half binding. — Full bottom, a kind of wig full and large at the bottom. — Full brother or sister, a brother or sister having the same parents as another. — Full cry (Hunting), eager chase; — said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue together. — Full dress, the dress prescribed by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of ceremony. — Full hand (Poker), three of a kind and a pair. — Full moon. (a) The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as when opposite to the sun. (b) The time when the moon is full. — Full organ (Mus.), the organ when all or most stops are out. — Full score (Mus.), a score in which all the parts for voices and instruments are given. — Full sea, high water. — Full swing, free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt nature to . . . the full swing and freedom of its own extravagant actings." South (Colloq.) — In full, at length; uncontracted; unabridged; written out in words, and not indicated by figures. — In full blast. See under Blast.

FULL Full, n.

Defn: Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or degree. The swan's-down feather, That stands upon the swell at full of tide. Shak. Full of the moon, the time of full moon.

FULL Full, adv.

Defn: Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely. The pawn I proffer shall be full as good. Dryden. The diapason closing full in man. Dryden. Full in the center of the sacred wood. Addison.

Note: Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification. "Full sad." Milton. "Master of a full poor cell." Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." T. Gray. Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or degree; as, full-bloomed, full-blown, full-crammed full-grown, full- laden, full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are self-defining.

FULL Full, v. i.

Defn: To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at midnight.

FULL Full, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulling.] Etym: [OE. fullen, OF. fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL. fullare, fr. L. fullo fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. fullian to whiten as a fuller, to baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf. Defile to foul, Foil to frustrate, Fuller. n. ]

Defn: To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.

FULL Full, v. i.

Defn: To become fulled or thickened; as, this material fulls well.

FULLAGE Full"age, n.

Defn: The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth. Johnson.

FULLAM Ful"lam, n.

Defn: A false die. See Fulham.

FULL-BLOODED Full"-blood`ed, a.

1. Having a full supply of blood.

2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a full-blooded horse.

FULL-BLOOMED Full"-bloomed`, a.

Defn: Like a perfect blossom. "Full-bloomed lips." Crashaw.

FULL-BLOWN Full"-blown`, a.

1. Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun rose. Denham.

2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail. Dryden.

FULL-BOTTOMED Full"-bot"tomed, a.

1. Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil officers in Great Britain.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Of great capacity below the water line.

FULL-BUTT Full"-butt", adv.

Defn: With direct and violentop position; with sudden collision. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

FULL-DRIVE Full`-drive", adv.

Defn: With full speed. [Colloq.]

FULLER Full"er, n. Etym: [AS. fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full, v. t.]

Defn: One whose occupation is to full cloth. Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. — Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. — Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.

FULLER Full"er, n. Etym: [From Full, a.] (Blacksmith's Work)

Defn: A die; a half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; — called also a creaser.

FULLER Full"er, v. t.

Defn: To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.

FULLERY Full"er*y, n.; pl. Fulleries (.

Defn: The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.

FULL-FORMED Full"-formed`, a.

Defn: Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh. The full-formed maids of Afric. Thomson.

FULL-GROWN Full"-grown`, a.

Defn: Having reached the limits of growth; mature. "Full-grown wings." Lowell.

FULL-HEARTED Full"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Full of courage or confidence. Shak.

FULL-HOT Full"-hot`, a.

Defn: Very fiery. Shak.

FULL HOUSE Full house. (Poker)

Defn: A hand containing three of a kind and a pair, as three kings and two tens. It ranks above a flush and below four of a kind.

FULLING Full"ing, n.

Defn: The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure. Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.

FULL-MANNED Full"-manned`, a.

Defn: Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.

FULLMART Full"mart", n.

Defn: See Foumart. B. Jonson.

FULLNESS Full"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness. [Written also fulness.] "In thy presence is fullness of joy." Ps. xvi. 11.

FULLONICAL Ful*lon"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.]

Defn: Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.] Blount.

FULL-ORBED Full"-orbed` (, a.

Defn: Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full moon.

FULL-SAILED Full"-sailed`, a.

Defn: Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or reservation. Massinger.

FULL-WINGED Full"-winged`, a.

1. Having large and strong or complete wings. Shak.

2. Beady for flight; eager. [Archaic] Beau. & Fl.

FULLY Ful"ly, adv.

Defn: In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition. Fully committed (Law), committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination.

Syn. — Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifuly; abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; perfectly.

FULMAR Ful"mar (fûlmär), n. Etym: [Icel. fulmar. See foul, and Man a gull.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds, of the family procellariidæ, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well- known species are the arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) (called also fulmar petrel, malduck, and mollemock), and the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea).

FULMINANT Ful"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare to lighten: cf. F. fulminant.]

Defn: Thundering; fulminating. [R.] Bailey.

FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulminating.] Etym: [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.]

1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.

2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.

FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, v. t.

1. To cause to explode. Sprat.

2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; — said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority. They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees. De Quincey.

FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, n. Etym: [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b) A fulminating powder. Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of gold; — called also fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.

FULMINATING Ful"mi*na"ting, a.

1. Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.

2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures. Fulminating oil, nitroglycerin. — Fulminating powder (Chem.) any violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.

FULMINATION Ful"mi*na`tion, n. Etym: [L. fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf. F. fulmination.]

1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.

2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.

3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure. The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule. Ayliffe.

FULMINATORY Ful"mi*na*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fulminatoire.]

Defn: Thundering; striking terror. Cotgrave.

FULMINE Ful"mine, v. i. Etym: [F. fulminer. See Fulminate, v.]

Defn: To thunder. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.

FULMINE Ful"mine, v. t.

Defn: To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or vehemence. She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique. Tennyson.

FULMINEOUS Ful*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. fulmen thunder.]

Defn: Of, or concerning thunder.

FULMINIC Ful*min"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fulminique.]

Defn: Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically (Chem.), pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as, fulminic acid. Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex acid, H2C2N2O2, isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these, mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. — Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.

FULMINURIC Ful"mi*nu"ric, a. Etym: [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called. Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, explosive subatance, H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulnunates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.

FULNESS Ful"ness, n.

Defn: See Fullness.

FULNESS Ful"ness, n.

Defn: See Fullness.

FULSAMIC Ful*sam"ic, a. Etym: [See Fulsome.]

Defn: Fulsome. [Obs.]

FULSOME Ful"some, a. Etym: [Full, a. + -some.]

1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Obs.] His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and fresh. Golding.

2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as, fulsome flattery. And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil. Cowper.

3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.] "Fulsome ewes." Shak. — Ful"some*ly, adv. — Ful"some*ness, n. Dryden.

FULVID Ful"vid, a. Etym: [LL. fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.]

Defn: Fulvous. [R.] Dr. H. More.

FULVOUS Ful"vous, a. Etym: [L. fulvus.]

Defn: Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown. Lindley.

FUM Fum, v. i.

Defn: To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.] Follow me, and fum as you go. B. Jonson.

FUMACIOUS Fu*ma"cious, a. Etym: [From Fume.]

Defn: Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.

FUMADE; FUMADO Fu*made", Fu*ma"do (, n.; pl. Fumades, Fumadoes. Etym: [Sp. fumodo smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr. L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.]

Defn: A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.

FUMAGE Fu"mage, n. Etym: [OF. fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus smoke.]

Defn: Hearth money. Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings. Blackstone.

FUMARATE Fu"ma*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of fumaric acid.

FUMARIC Fu*mar"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (Fumaria officinalis). Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, exttracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also called lichenic acid.

FUMARINE Fu"ma*rine, n. Etym: [L. fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.

FUMAROLE Fu"ma*role, n. Etym: [It. fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L. fumus: cf. F. fumerolle, fumarolle.]

Defn: A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes issue.

FUMATORIUM Fu`ma*to"ri*um, n.; L. pl. -ria (#). [NL., fr. L. fumare, fumatum, to smoke.]

Defn: An air-tight compartment in which vapor may be generated to destroy germs or insects; esp., the apparatus used to destroy San José scale on nursery stock, with hydrocyanic acid vapor.

FUMATORY Fu"ma*to*ry, n.

Defn: See Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMBLE Fum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling.] Etym: [Akin to D. fommelen to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble, famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope, fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm palm of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble, Palm.]

1. To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something. Adams now began to fumble in his pockets. Fielding.

2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for an excuse. Dryden. My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles. Chesterfield. Alas! how he fumbles about the domains. Wordsworth.

3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over. I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers. Shak.

FUMBLE Fum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together. Shak.

FUMBLER Fum"bler, n.

Defn: One who fumbles.

FUMBLINGLY Fum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of one who fumbles.

FUME Fume, n. Etym: [L. fumus; akin to Skr. dh smoke, dh to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. fum smoke, F. fumée. Cf. Dust, n., Femerell, Thyme.]

1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the fumes of tobacco. The fumes of new shorn hay. T. Warton. The fumes of undigested wine. Dryden.

2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as, the fumes of passion. South.

3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or' airy; idle conceit; vain imagination. A show of fumes and fancies. Bacon.

4. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery. To smother him with fumes and eulogies. Burton. In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from impatience.

FUME Fume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fuming.] Etym: [Cf. F. fumer, L. fumare to smoke. See Fume, n.]

1. To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor. Where the golden altar fumed. Milton. Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain. Roscommon.

2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied. Keep his brain fuming. Shak.

3. To pass off in fumes or vapors. Their parts pre kept from fuming away by their fixity. Cheyne.

4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden. While her mother did fret, and her father did fume. Sir W. Scott. To tame away, to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.

FUME Fume, e. t.

1. To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; as, to bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room. She fumed the temple with an odorous flame. Dryden.

2. To praise inordinately; to flatter. They demi-deify and fume him so. Cowper.

3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor. The heat will fume away most of the scent. Montimer. How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain! Young.

FUMED OAK Fumed oak. (Cabinetwork)

Defn: Oak given a weathered appearance by exposure in an air-tight compartment to fumes of ammonia from uncorked cans, being first given a coat of filler.

FUMELESS Fume"less, a.

Defn: Free from fumes.

FUMER Fum"er, n.

1. One that fumes.

2. One who makes or uses perfumes. [Obs.] Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers. Beau. & Fl.

FUMERELL Fu"mer*ell, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Femerell.

FUMET Fu"met, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L. fimus dung.]

Defn: The dung of deer. B. Jonson.

FUMET; FUMETTE Fu"met Fu*mette", n. Etym: [F. fumet odor, fume of wine or meat, fr. L. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]

Defn: The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long. Swift.

FUMETERE Fu"me*tere", n.

Defn: Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMID Fu"mid, a. Etym: [L. fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.]

Defn: Smoky; vaporous. Sir T. Broune.

FUMIDITY; FUMIDNESS Fu*mid"i*ty, Fu"mid*ness n.

Defn: The state of being fumid; smokiness.

FUMIFEROUS Fu*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing smoke.

FUMIFUGIST Fu*mif"u*gist, n. Etym: [L. fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight, fugere to flee.]

Defn: One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.

FUMIFY Fu"mi*fy, v. t. Etym: [Fume + -fy.]

Defn: To subject to the action of smoke. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FUMIGANT Fu"mi*gant, a. Etym: [L. fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare. See Fumigate.]

Defn: Fuming. [R.]

FUMIGATE Fu"mi*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fumigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Fumigating.] Etym: [L. fumigate, p. p. of fumigare to fumigate, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]

1. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.

2. To smoke; to perfume. Dryden.

FUMIGATION Fum`iga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fumigation.]

1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection.

2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.

FUMIGATOR Fu"mi*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.

FUMIGATORY Fu"mi*ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fumigatoire.]

Defn: Having the quality of purifying by smoke. [R.]

FUMILY Fum"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Smokily; with fume.

FUMING Fum"ing, a.

Defn: Producing fumes, or vapors. Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin. — Fuming liquor of Libsvius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called butter of tin. — Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder Disulphuric.

FUMINGLY Fum"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fuming manner; angrily. "They answer fumingly." Hooker.

FUMISH Fum"ish, a.

Defn: Smoky; hot; choleric.

FUMISH Fum"ish, a.

Defn: Smoky; hot; choleric.

FUMISHNESS Fum"ish*ness, n.

Defn: Choler; fretfulness; passion.

FUMITER Fu"mi*ter`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMITORY Fu"mi*to*ry, n. Etym: [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See Fume, and Terrace.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic. Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.

FUMMEL Fum"mel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hinny.

FUMOSITY Fu*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. fumosité.]

Defn: The fumes of drink. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FUMOUS Fum"ous, a. Etym: [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.]

1. Producing smoke; smoky.

2. Producing fumes; full of fumes. Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things. Barough (1625).

FUMY Fum"y, a.

Defn: Producing fumes; fumous. "Drowned in fumy wine." H. Brooke.

FUN Fun, n. Etym: [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.]

Defn: Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. "Oddity, frolic, and fun." Goldsmith. To make fan of, to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.

FUNAMBULATE Fu*nam"bu*late, v. i. Etym: [See Funambulo.]

Defn: To walk or to dance on a rope.

FUNAMBULATION Fu*nam"bu*la`tion, n.

Defn: Ropedancing.

FUNAMBULATORY Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry, a.

1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.

2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer. This funambulatory track. Sir T. Browne.

FUNAMBULIST Fu*nam"bu*list, n.

Defn: A ropewalker or ropedancer.

FUNAMBULO; FUNAMBULUS Fu*nam"bu*lo, Fu*nam"bu*lus n. Etym: [Sp. funambulo, or It. funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) + ambulare to walk. See Amble, and cf. Funambulist.]

Defn: A ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.

FUNCTION Func"tion, n. Etym: [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf. Defunct.]

1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; per formance. "In the function of his public calling." Swift.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.

3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind. As the mind opens, and its functions spread. Pope.

4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession. Tradesmen . . . going about their functions. Shak. The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal functions. Macaulay.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x. Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; — opposed to transcendental function. — Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary. — Calculus of functions. See under Calculus. — Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. — Circular functions. See Inverse trigonometrical functions (below). — Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits. — Discontinuous function. See under Discontinuous. — Elliptic functions, a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith. — Explicit function, a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y = 10 -x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x. — Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2 = 100 is an implicit function of x. — Inverse trigonometrical functions, or Circular function, the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin - 1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc. — One-valued function, a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. — Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function (above). — Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.

FUNCTION; FUNCTIONATE Func"tion, Func"tion*ate, v. i.

Defn: To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.

FUNCTIONAL Func"tion*al, a.

1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general. Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.

FUNCTIONALIZE Func"tion*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To assign to some function or office. [R.]

FUNCTIONALLY Func"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity. The organ is said to be functionally disordered. Lawrence.

FUNCTIONARY Func"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Functionaries. Etym: [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.]

Defn: One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.

FUNCTIONLESS Func"tion*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.

FUND Fund, n. Etym: [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See Found to establish.]

1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.

2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.

3. pl.

Defn: The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; — called also public funds.

4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.

5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense. An inexhaustible fund of stories. Macaulay. Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.

FUND Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.]

1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.

2. To place in a fund, as money.

3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.

FUNDABLE Fund"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.

FUNDAMENT Fun"da*ment, n. Etym: [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF. fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation, fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See Fund.]