S (continued 33)

SURBET Sur*bet", v. t.

Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]

SURBET Sur*bet", a.

Defn: Surbated; bruised. [Obs.] Spenser.

SURCEASE Sur*cease", n. Etym: [F. sursis, from sursis, p.p. of surseoir to suspend, postpone, defer, in OF., to delay, refrain from, forbear, L. supersedere. Surcease is not connected with E. cease. See Supersede.]

Defn: Cessation; stop; end. "Not desire, but its surcease." Longfellow. It is time that there were an end and surcease made of this immodest and deformed manner of writing. Bacon.

SURCEASE Sur*cease", v. t.

Defn: To cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] "The waves . . . their range surceast." Spenser. The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. Dryden.

SURCEASE Sur*cease", v. i.

Defn: To cease. [Obs.]

SURCEASEANCE Sur*cease"ance, n.

Defn: Cessation. [Obs.]

SURCHARGE Sur*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcharged; p. pr. & vb. n. Surcharging.] Etym: [F. surcharger. See Sur-, and Charge, and cf. Overcharge, Supercharge, Supercargo.]

1. To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge; as, to surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon. Four charged two, and two surcharged one. Spenser. Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view, Droops like a rose surcharged with morning dew. Dryden.

2. (Law) (a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as a common, than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain. Blackstone. (b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given. Story. Daniel.

SURCHARGE Sur*charge", n. Etym: [F.]

1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater than can well be borne. A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state, for it is surcharge of expense. Bacon.

2. (Law) (a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the common than he has a right to. (b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been given. Burrill.

SURCHARGEMENT Sur*charge"ment, n.

Defn: The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus. [Obs.] Daniel.

SURCHARGER Sur*char"ger, n.

Defn: One who surcharges.

SURCINGLE Sur"cin`gle, n. Etym: [OE. sursengle, OF. sursangle. See Sur-, and Cingle, Shingles.]

1. A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened round the waist.

SURCINGLED Sur"cin`gled, a.

Defn: Bound with the surcingle.

SURCLE Sur"cle, n. Etym: [L. surculus.]

Defn: A little shoot; a twig; a sucker. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SURCLOY Sur"cloy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcloyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surcloying.]

Defn: To surfeit. [Obs.]

SURCOAT Sur"coat`, n. Etym: [OE. surcote, OF. surcote. See Sur-, and Coat, and cf. Overcoat.]

1. A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer. A long surcoat of pers upon he had.. Chaucer. At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn. Emerson.

2. A name given to the outer garment of either sex at different epochs of the Middle Ages.

SURCREW Sur"crew`, n. Etym: [From F. surcroît increase, or surcrû, p.p. of surcroître to overgrow.]

Defn: Increase; addition; surplus. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SURCULATE Sur"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. surculatus, p.p. of surculare to purne, from surculus a shoot, sprout. See Surcle.]

Defn: To purne; to trim. [Obs.] Cockeram.

SURCULATION Sur`cu*la"tion, n.

Defn: Act of purning. [Obs.]

SURCULOSE Sur"cu*lose`, a. Etym: [CF. L. sucrulosus woody. See Surcle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing suckers, or shoots resembling suckers.

SURD Surd, a. Etym: [L. surdus deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to reason, irrational), perhaps akin to E. swart. Cf. Sordine.]

1. Net having the sense of hearing; deaf. [Obs.] "A surd . . . generation." Sir T. Browne.

2. Unheard. [Obs.] Kenrick.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Involving surds; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers; radical; irrational; as, a surd expression or quantity; a surd number.

4. (Phonetics)

Defn: Uttered, as an element of speech, without tone, or proper vocal sound; voiceless; unintonated; nonvocal; atonic; whispered; aspirated; sharp; hard, as f, p, s, etc.; — opposed to sonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§169, 179, 180.

SURD Surd, n. (Math.)

1. A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers; thus, *2 is a surd.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: A surd element of speech. See Surd, a., 4.

SURDAL Surd"al, a. (Math.)

Defn: Same as Surd, a., 3.

SURDINY Surd"i*ny, n.

Defn: A sardine. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

SURDITY Surd"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. surditas.]

Defn: Deafness. [Obs.]

SURE Sure, a. [Compar. Surer; superl. Surest.] Etym: [OE. sur, OF. seür, F. sûr, L. securus; se aside, without + cura care. See Secure, and cf. Assure, Insure, Sicker sure.]

1. Certainly knowing and believing; confident beyond doubt; implicity trusting; unquestioning; positive. We are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things. Rom. ii. 2. I'm sure care 's an enemy of life. Shak.

2. Certain to find or retain; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of success; to be sure of life or health.

3. Fit or worthy to be depended on; certain not to fail or disappoint expectation; unfailing; strong; permanent; enduring. "His sure word." Keble. The Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord. 1 Sam. xxv. 28. The testimony of the Lord is sure. Ps. xix. 7. Which put in good sure leather sacks. Chapman.

4. Betrothed; engaged to marry. [Obs.] The king was sure to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her husband before God. Sir T. More. I presume . . . that you had been sure as fast as faith could bind you, man and wife. Brome.

5. Free from danger; safe; secure. Fear not; the forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that we are sure enough. Shak. — To be sure, or Be sure, certainly; without doubt; as, Shall you do To be sure I shall. — To make sure. (a) To make certain; to secure so that there can be no failure of the purpose or object. "Make Cato sure." Addison. "A peace can not fail, provided we make sure of Spain." Sir W. Temple. (b) To betroth. [Obs.] She that's made sure to him she loves not well. Cotgrave.

Syn. — Certain; unfailing; infallible; safe; firm; permanent; steady; stable; strong; secure; indisputable; confident; positive.

SURE Sure, adv.

Defn: In a sure manner; safely; certainly. "Great, sure, shall be thy meed." Spenser. 'T is pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print. Byron.

SURE-FOOTED Sure"-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Not liable to stumble or fall; as, a sure-footed horse.

SURELY Sure"ly, adv.

1. In a sure or certain manner; certainly; infallibly; undoubtedly; assuredly. In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii. 17. He that created something out of nothing, surely can raise great things out of small. South.

2. Without danger; firmly; steadly; securely. He that walketh uprightly walketh surely. Prov. x. 9.

SUREMENT Sure"ment, n.

Defn: A making sure; surety. [Obs.] Every surement and every bond. Chaucer.

SURENESS Sure"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sure; certainty. For more sureness he repeats it. Woodward. The law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Emerson.

SURESBY Sures"by, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. See Rudesby.]

Defn: One to be sure of, or to be relied on. [Obs.] There is one which is suresby, as they say, to serve, if anything will serve. Bradford.

SURETISHIP Sure"ti*ship, n.

Defn: Suretyship. Prov. xi. 15.

SURETY Sure"ty, n.; pl. Sureties. Etym: [OE. seurte, OF. seürté, F. sûreté. See Sure, Security.]

1. The state of being sure; certainty; security. Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs. Gen. xv. 13. For the more surety they looked round about. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That which makes sure; that which confirms; ground of confidence or security. [We] our happy state Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds; On other surety none. Milton.

3. Security against loss or damage; security for payment, or for the performance of some act. There remains unpaid A hundred thousand more; in surety of the which One part of Aquitaine is bound to us. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: One who is bound with and for another who is primarily liable, and who is called the principal; one who engages to answer for another's appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt, or for performance of some act; a bondsman; a bail. He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. xi. 15.

5. Hence, a substitute; a hostage. Cowper.

6. Evidence; confirmation; warrant. [Obs.] She called the saints to surety, That she would never put it from her finger, Unless she gave it to yourself. Shak.

SURETY Sure"ty, v. t.

Defn: To act as surety for. [Obs.] Shak.

SURETYSHIP Sure"ty*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another. Bouvier.

SURF Surf, n. Etym: [Formerly spelled suffe, and probably the same word as E. sough.]

Defn: The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, esp. upon a sloping beach. Surf bird (Zoöl.), a ploverlike bird of the genus Aphriza, allied to the turnstone. — Surf clam (Zoöl.), a large clam living on the open coast, especially Mactra, or Spisula, solidissima. See Mactra. — Surf duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of sea ducks of the genus Oidemia, especially O. percpicillata; — called also surf scoter. See the Note under Scoter. — Surf fish (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of California embiotocoid fishes. See Embiotocoid. — Surf smelt. (Zoöl.) See Smelt. — Surf whiting. (Zoöl.) See under Whiting.

SURF Surf, n.

Defn: The bottom of a drain. [Prov. Eng.]

SURFACE Sur"face`, n. Etym: [F. See Sur-, and Face, and cf. Superficial.]

1. The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body. The bright surface of this ethereous mold. Milton.

2. Hence, outward or external appearance. Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no deeper than the surface. V. Knox.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion. Stocqueler. Caustic surface, Heating surface, etc. See under Caustic, Heating, etc. — Surface condensation, Surface condenser. See under Condensation, and Condenser. — Surface gauge (Mach.), an instrument consisting of a standard having a flat base and carrying an adjustable pointer, for gauging the evenness of a surface or its height, or for marking a line parallel with a surface. — Surface grub (Zoöl.), the larva of the great yellow underwing moth (Triphoena pronuba). It is often destructive to the roots of grasses and other plants. — Surface plate (Mach.), a plate having an accurately dressed flat surface, used as a standard of flatness by which to test other surfaces. — Surface printing, printing from a surface in relief, as from type, in distinction from plate printing, in which the ink is contained in engraved lines.

SURFACE Sur"face, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfacing.]

1. To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.

2. To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.

SURFACE LOADING Sur"face load`ing. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The weight supported per square unit of surface; the quotient obtained by dividing the gross weight, in pounds, of a fully loaded flying machine, by the total area, in square feet, of its supporting surface.

SURFACER Sur"fa*cer, n.

Defn: A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.

SURFACE TENSION Sur"face ten"sion. (Physics)

Defn: That property, due to molecular forces, which exists in the surface film of all liquids and tends to bring the contained volume into a form having the least superficial area. The thickness of this film, amounting to less than a thousandth of a millimeter, is considered to equal the radius of the sphere of molecular action, that is, the greatest distance at which there is cohesion between two particles. Particles lying below this film, being equally acted on from all sides, are in equilibrium as to forces of cohesion, but those in the film are on the whole attracted inward, and tension results.

SURFBOAT Surf"boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It is built with a pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the shock of waves and of contact with the beach.

SURFEIT Sur"feit, n. Etym: [OE. surfet, OF. surfait, sorfait, excess, arrogance, crime, fr. surfaire, sorfaire, to augment, exaggerate, F. surfaire to overcharge; sur over + faire to make, do, L. facere. See Sur-, and Fact.]

1. Excess in eating and drinking. Let not Sir Surfeit sit at thy board. Piers Plowman. Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made. Shak.

2. Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned often by excessive eating and drinking. To prevent surfeit and other diseases that are incident to those that heat their blood by travels. Bunyan.

3. Disgust caused by excess; satiety. Sir P. Sidney. Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly, and even to surfeit. Burke.

SURFEIT Sur"feit, v. i.

1. To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness ensues; to eat to excess. They are as sick that surfeit with too much as they that starve with nothing. Shak.

2. To indulge to satiety in any gratification.

SURFEIT Sur"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfeiting.]

1. To feed so as to oppress the stomach and derange the function of the system; to overfeed, and produce satiety, sickness, or uneasiness; — often reflexive; as, to surfeit one's self with sweets.

2. To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; as, he surfeits us with compliments. V. Knox.

SURFEITER Sur"feit*er, n.

Defn: One who surfeits. Shak.

SURFEIT-WATER Sur"feit-wa`ter, n.

Defn: Water for the cure of surfeits. [Obs.] Locke.

SURFEL; SURFLE Sur"fel, Sur"fle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sulphur.]

Defn: To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to be prepared from the sulphur. [Obs.] She shall no oftener powder her hair, [or] surfel her cheeks, . . . but she shall as often gaze on my picture. Ford.

SURFER Surf"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The surf duck. [U. S.]

SURFMAN Surf"man, n.; pl. Surmen (.

Defn: One who serves in a surfboat in the life-saving service.

SURFOOT Sur"foot`, a.

Defn: Tired or sore of foot from travel; lamed. [Obs.] Nares.

SURFY Surf"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, abounding in, or resembling, surf; as, a surfy shore. Scarce had they cleared the surfy waves That foam around those frightful caves. Moore.

SURGE Surge, n. Etym: [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub under + regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon, fountain. See Regent, and cf. Insurrection, Sortie, Source.]

1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] "Divers surges and springs of water." Ld. Berners.

2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water, produced generally by a high wind. He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed. James i. 6 (Rev. Ver.) He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, Pursues the foaming surges to the shore. Dryden.

3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.

4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.

SURGE Surge, v. i.

1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll. The surging waters like a mountain rise. Spenser.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To slip along a windlass.

SURGE Surge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surged; p. pr. & vb. n. Surging.] Etym: [Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf. Surge, n.] (Naut.)

Defn: To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a capstan).

SURGEFUL Surge"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in surges; surgy. "Tossing the surgeful tides." Drayton.

SURGELESS Surge"less, a.

Defn: Free from surges; smooth; calm.

SURGENT Sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. surgens, p.pr.]

Defn: Rising; swelling, as a flood. [R.] Robert Greene.

SURGEON Sur"geon, n. Etym: [OE. surgien, OF. surgien, contr. fr. chirurgien. See Chirurgeon.]

1. One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual operation, or by medication and constitutional treatment.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of chætodont fishes of the family Teuthidæ, or Acanthuridæ, which have one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side of the base of the tail. Called also surgeon fish, doctor fish, lancet fish, and sea surgeon. Surgeon apothecary, one who unites the practice of surgery with that of the apothecary. Dunglison. — Surgeon dentist, a dental surgeon; a dentist. — Surgeon fish. See def. 2, above. — Surgeon general. (a) In the United States army, the chief of the medical department. (b) In the British army, a surgeon ranking next below the chief of the medical department.

SURGEONCY Sur"geon*cy, n.

Defn: The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or military service.

SURGEONRY Sur"geon*ry, n.

Defn: Surgery. [Obs.]

SURGERY Sur"ge*ry, n. Etym: [OE. surgenrie, surgerie; cf. OF. cirurgie, F. chirurgie, L. chirurgia, Gr. Surgeon.]

1. The art of healing by manual operation; that branch of medical science which treats of manual operations for the healing of diseases or injuries of the body; that branch of medical science which has for its object the cure of local injuries or diseases, as wounds or fractures, tumors, etc., whether by manual operation or by medicines and constitutional treatment.

2. A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.

SURGICAL Sur"gi*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical instruments. Surgical fever. (Med.) (a) Pyæmia. (b) Traumatic fever, or the fever accompanying inflammation.

SURGICALLY Sur"gi*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of surgery.

SURGY Sur"gy, a.

Defn: Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling surges in motion or appearance; swelling. "Over the surgy main." Pope.

SURICAT Su"ri*cat, n. Etym: [F. surikate, from the native name in South Africa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zenick. [Written also suricate, surikate.]

SURINAM TOAD Su`ri*nam" toad". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of toad native of Surinam. See Pipa.

SURINTENDANT Sur`in*tend"ant, n. Etym: [F. See Superintendent.]

Defn: Superintendent. [R.]

SURLILY Sur"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a surly manner.

SURLINESS Sur"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being surly.

SURLING Sur"ling, n. Etym: [See Surly.]

Defn: A sour, morose fellow. [Obs.] Camden.

SURLOIN Sur"loin`, n. Etym: [F. surlonge; sur upon + longe loin. See Sur-, and Loin.]

Defn: A loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin. See Sirloin, the more usual, but not etymologically preferable, orthography.

SURLY Sur"ly, a. [Compar. Surlier; superl. Surliest.] Etym: [Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like, a.]

1. Arrogant; haughty. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude; severe; sour; crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; as, a surly groom; a surly dog; surly language; a surly look. "That surly spirit, melancholy." Shak.

3. Rough; dark; tempestuous. Now softened into joy the surly storm. Thomson.

SURMARK Sur"mark`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A mark made on the molds of a ship, when building, to show where the angles of the timbers are to be placed. [Written also sirmark.]

SURMISABLE Sur*mis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being surmised; as, a surmisable result.

SURMISAL Sur*mis"al, n.

Defn: Surmise. [R.] Milton.

SURMISE Sur*mise", n. Etym: [OF. surmise accusation, fr. surmettre, p.p. surmis, to impose, accuse; sur (see Sur-) + mettre to put, set, L. mittere to send. See Mission.]

1. A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the surmisses of jealousy or of envy. [We] double honor gain From his surmise proved false. Milton. No man ought to be charged with principles he actually disowns, unless his practicies contradict his profession; not upon small surmises. Swift.

2. Reflection; thought. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. — Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; doubt.

SURMISE Sur*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmised; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmising.]

Defn: To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess. It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew That what before she but surmised, was true. Dryden. This change was not wrought by altering the form or position of the earth, as was surmised by a very learned man, but by dissolving it. Woodward.

SURMISER Sur*mis"er, n.

Defn: One who surmises.

SURMISING Sur*mis"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Surmise, v.

SURMOUNT Sur*mount", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmounting.] Etym: [OE. sourmounten, OF. surmonter, sormonter, F. surmonter; sur over + monter to mount. See Sur-, and Mount, v. i.]

1. To rise above; to be higher than; to overtop. The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas, overreach and surmount all winds and clouds. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or obstacles. Macaulay.

3. To surpass; to exceed. Spenser. What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall delineate. Milton.

Syn. — To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass; exceed.

SURMOUNTABLE Sur*mount"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. surmontable.]

Defn: Capable of being surmounted or overcome; superable. — Sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n.

SURMOUNTED Sur*mount"ed, a.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Having its vertical height greater than the half span; — said of an arch.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Partly covered by another charge; — said of an ordinary or other bearing.

SURMOUNTER Sur*mount"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, surmounts.

SURMULLET Sur*mul"let, n. Etym: [F. surmulet; saur, saure, brownish yellow, red + mulet a mullet. See Sorrel, a., and Mullet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of mullets of the family Millidæ, esp. the European species (Millus surmulletus), which is highly prized as a food fish. See Mullet.

SURMULOT Sur"mu*lot, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brown, or Norway, rat.

SURNAME Sur"name`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur + name; really a substitution for OE. sournoun, from F. surnom. See Sur-, and Noun, Name.]

1. A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name.

Note: Surnames originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person; thus, Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith, or the smith; William Turner. Surnames are often also patronymics; as, John Johnson.

2. An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen. "My surname, Coriolanus." Shak.

Note: This word has been sometimes written sirname, as if it signified sire-name, or the name derived from one's father.

SURNAME Sur*name", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surnamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surnaming.] Etym: [Cf. F. surnommer.]

Defn: To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to. Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and surname himself by the name of Israel. Isa. xliv. 5. And Simon he surnamed Peter. Mark iii. 16.

SURNOMINAL Sur*nom"i*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a surname or surnames.

SUROXIDATE Sur*ox"i*date, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine with oxygen so as to form a suroxide or peroxide. [Obs.]

SUROXIDE Sur*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suroxyde. See Sur-, and Oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A peroxide. [Obs.]

SURPASS Sur*pass", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surpassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surpassing.] Etym: [F. surpasser; sur over + passer to pass. See Sur- , and Pass.]

Defn: To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel. This would surpass Common revenge and interrupt his joy. Milton.

Syn. — To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.

SURPASSABLE Sur*pass"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be surpassed.

SURPASSING Sur*pass"ing, a.

Defn: Eminently excellent; exceeding others. "With surpassing glory crowned." Milton. — Sur*pass"ing*ly, adv. — Sur*pass"ing*ness, n.

SURPHUL Sur"phul, v. t.

Defn: To surfel. [Obs.] Marston.

SURPLICE Sur"plice, n. Etym: [F. surplis, OF. surpeiz, LL. superpellicium; super over + pellicium, pelliceum, a robe of fur, L. pellicius made of skins. See Pelisse.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A white garment worn over another dress by the clergy of the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other churches, in some of their ministrations. Surplice fees (Eccl.), fees paid to the English clergy for occasional duties.

SURPLICED Sur"pliced, a.

Defn: Wearing a surplice.

SURPLUS Sur"plus, n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + plus more. See Sur-, and Plus, and cf. Superplus.]

1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.

2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.

SURPLUS Sur"plus, a.

Defn: Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words. When the price of corn falleth, men give over surplus tillage, and break no more ground. Carew.

SURPLUSAGE Sur"plus*age, n. Etym: [See Surplus, and cf. Superplusage.]

1. Surplus; excess; overplus; as, surplusage of grain or goods beyond what is wanted. Take what thou please of all this surplusage. Spenser. A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. Emerson.

2. (Law)

Defn: Matter in pleading which is not necessary or relevant to the case, and which may be rejected.

3. (Accounts)

Defn: A greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant amounts to. [Obs.] Rees.

SURPRISAL Sur*pris"al, n. Etym: [See Surprise, n.]

Defn: The act of surprising, or state of being surprised; surprise. How to secure the lady from surprisal. Milton. Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its surprisal. Barrow.

SURPRISE Sur*prise", n. Etym: [F. surprise, fr. surprendre, surpris; sur over + prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Sur-, and Prehensile.]

1. The act of coming upon, or taking, unawares; the act of seizing unexpectedly; surprisal; as, the fort was taken by surprise.

2. The state of being surprised, or taken unawares, by some act or event which could not reasonably be foreseen; emotion excited by what is sudden and strange; a suddenly excited feeling of wonder or astonishment. Pure surprise and fear Made me to quit the house. Shak.

3. Anything that causes such a state or emotion.

4. A dish covered with a crust of raised paste, but with no other contents. [Obs.] King. Surprise party, a party of persons who assemble by mutual agreement, and without invitation, at the house of a common friend. [U.S.] Bartlett.

Syn. — Wonder; astonishment; amazement.

SURPRISE Sur*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surprised; p. pr. & vb. n. Surprising.] Etym: [From Surprise, n.: cf. F. surprendre, p.p. surpris.]

1. To come or fall suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares; to seize or capture by unexpected attack. Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Isa. xxxiii. 14. The castle of Macduff I will surprise. Shak. Who can speak The mingled passions that surprised his heart Thomson.

2. To strike with wonder, astonishment, or confusion, by something sudden, unexpected, or remarkable; to confound; as, his conduct surprised me. I am surprised with an uncouth fear. Shak. Up he starts, Discovered and surprised. Milton.

3. To lead (one) to do suddenly and without forethought; to bring (one) into some unexpected state; — with into; as, to be surprised into an indiscretion; to be surprised into generosity.

4. To hold possession of; to hold. [Obs.] Not with me, That in my hands surprise the sovereignity. J. Webster.

Syn. — See Astonish.

SURPRISEMENT Sur*prise"ment, n.

Defn: Surprisal. [Obs.] Daniel.

SURPRISER Sur*pris"er, n.

Defn: One who surprises.

SURPRISING Sur*pris"ing, a.

Defn: Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder and astonishment; as, surprising bravery; a surprising escape from danger. — Sur*pris"ing*ly, adv. — Sur*pris"ing*ness, n.

Syn. — Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing; striking.

SURQUEDOUS; SURQUEDROUS Sur"que*dous, Sur"que*drous, a.

Defn: Having or exhibiting surquedry; arrogant; insolent. [Obs.] Gower. James II. of Scot.

SURQUEDRY; SURQUIDRY Sur"que*dry, Sur"qui*dry, n. Etym: [OF. surcuidier to presume; sur over + cuidier to think, L. cogitare. See Sur-, and Cogitate.]

Defn: Overweening pride; arrogance; presumption; insolence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Then pay you the price of your surquedry. Spenser.

SURREBOUND Sur`re*bound", v. i.

Defn: To give back echoes; to reëcho. [Obs.] Chapman.

SURREBUT Sur`re*but", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rebut.] (Law)

Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.

SURREBUTER Sur`re*but"er, n. (Law)

Defn: The reply of a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.

SURREIN Sur"rein`, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur + rein.]

Defn: To override; to exhaust by riding. [Obs.] Shak.

SURREJOIN Sur`re*join", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rejoin.] (Law)

Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

SURREJOINDER Sur`re*join"der, n. (Law)

Defn: The answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrendered; p. pr. & vb. n. Surrendering.] Etym: [OF. surrendre to deliver; sur over + rendre to render. See Sur-, and Render.]

1. To yield to the power of another; to give or deliver up possession of (anything) upon compulsion or demand; as, to surrender one's person to an enemy or to an officer; to surrender a fort or a ship.

2. To give up possession of; to yield; to resign; as, to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage. To surrender up that right which otherwise their founders might have in them. Hooker.

3. To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or power; — used reflexively; as, to surrender one's self to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep.

4. (Law)

Defn: To yield; to render or deliver up; to give up; as, a principal surrendered by his bail, a fugitive from justice by a foreign state, or a particular estate by the tenant thereof to him in remainder or reversion.

SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, v. i.

Defn: To give up one's self into the power of another; to yield; as, the enemy, seeing no way of escape, surrendered at the first summons.

SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, n.

1. The act of surrendering; the act of yielding, or resigning one's person, or the possession of something, into the power of another; as, the surrender of a castle to an enemy; the surrender of a right. That he may secure some liberty he makes a surrender in trust of the whole of it. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: The yielding of a particular estate to him who has an immediate estate in remainder or reversion. (b) The giving up of a principal into lawful custody by his bail. (c) The delivry up oh fugitives from justice by one government to another, as by a foreign state. See Extradition. Wharton.

SURRENDEREE Sur*ren`der*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a surrender is made. Mozley & W.

SURRENDERER Sur*ren"der*er, n.

Defn: One who surrenders.

SURRENDEROR Sur*ren`der*or", n. (Law)

Defn: One who makes a surrender, as of an estate. Bouvier.

SURRENDRY Sur*ren"dry, n.

Defn: Surrender. [Obs.]

SURREPTION Sur*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. surreptio, or subreptio. Cf. Subreption.]

1. The act or process of getting in a surreptitious manner, or by craft or stealth. Fame by surreption got May stead us for the time, but lasteth not. B. Jonson.

2. A coming unperceived or suddenly.

SURREPTITIOUS Sur`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. surreptitius, or subreptitius, fr. surripere, subripere, to snatch away, to withdraw privily; sub- under + rapere to snatch. See Sub-, and Ravish.]

Defn: Done or made by stealth, or without proper authority; made or introduced fraudulently; clandestine; stealthy; as, a surreptitious passage in an old manuscript; a surreptitious removal of goods. — Sur`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv.

SURREY Sur"rey, n.

Defn: A four-wheeled pleasure carriage, (commonly two-seated) somewhat like a phaeton, but having a straight bottom.

SURROGATE Sur"ro*gate, n. Etym: [L. surrogatus, p.p. of surrogare, subrogare, to put in another's place, to substitute; sub under + rogare to ask, ask for a vote, propose a law. See Rogation, and cf. Subrogate.]

1. A deputy; a delegate; a substitute.

2. The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a bishop or his chancellor, especially a deputy who grants marriage licenses. [Eng.]

3. In some States of the United States, an officer who presides over the probate of wills and testaments and yield the settlement of estates.

SURROGATE Sur"ro*gate, v. t.

Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SURROGATESHIP Sur"ro*gate*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a surrogate.

SURROGATION Sur`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [See Surrogate, n., and cf. Subrogation.]

Defn: The act of substituting one person in the place of another. [R.] Killingbeck.

SURROUND Sur*round", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surrounding.] Etym: [OF. suronder to overflow, LL. superundare; fr. L. super over + undare to rise in waves, overflow, fr. unda wave. The English sense is due to the influence of E. round. See Super-, and Undulate, and cf. Abound.]

1. To inclose on all sides; to encompass; to environ.

2. To lie or be on all sides of; to encircle; as, a wall surrounds the city. But could instead, and ever-during dark Surrounds me. Milton.

3. To pass around; to travel about; to circumnavigate; as, to surround the world. [Obs.] Fuller.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: To inclose, as a body of troops, between hostile forces, so as to cut off means of communication or retreat; to invest, as a city.

Syn. — To encompass; encircle; environ; invest; hem in; fence about.

SURROUND Sur*round", n.

Defn: A method of hunting some animals, as the buffalo, by surrounding a herd, and driving them over a precipice, into a ravine, etc. [U.S.] Baird.

SURROUNDING Sur*round"ing, a.

Defn: Inclosing; encircling.

SURROUNDING Sur*round"ing, n.

1. An encompassing.

2. pl.

Defn: The things which surround or environ; external or attending circumstances or conditions.

SURROYAL Sur*roy"al, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + royal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the terminal branches or divisions of the beam of the antler of the stag or other large deer.

SURSANURE Sur"sa*nure, n. Etym: [(Assumed) OF. sursaneüre. See Sur-, and Sane.]

Defn: A wound healed or healing outwardly only. [Obs.] Of a sursanure In surgery is perilous the cure. Chaucer.

SURSEANCE Sur"se*ance, n. Etym: [OF., fr. OF. & F. surseoir. See Surcease.]

Defn: Peace; quiet. [Obs.] Bacon.

SURSOLID Sur*sol"id, n. Etym: [F. sursolide. See Sur-, and Solid.] (Math.)

Defn: The fifth power of a number; as, a is the sursolid of a, or 32 that of 2. [R.] Hutton.

SURSTYLE Sur*style", v. t.

Defn: To surname. [R.]

SURSUM CORDA Sur"sum cor"da. [L. sursum upward + corda hearts.] (Eccl.)

Defn: In the Eucharist, the versicles immediately before the preface, inviting the people to join in the service by "lifting up the heart" to God.

SURTAX Sur"tax, n.

Defn: An additional or extra tax.

SURTAX Sur*tax", v. t.

Defn: To impose an additional tax on.

SURTOUT Sur*tout", n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + tout all.]

Defn: A man's coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat, especially when long, and fitting closely like a body coat. Gay.

SURTURBRAND Sur"tur*brand, n. Etym: [Icel. surtarbrandr; svartr black + brandr a firebrand.]

Defn: A fibrous brown coal or bituminous wood.

SURUCUCU Su`ru*cu"cu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bush master, under Bush.

SURVEILLANCE Sur*veil"lance, n. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over; sur over + veiller to watch, L. vigilare. See Sur-, and Vigil.]

Defn: Oversight; watch; inspection; supervision. That sort of surveillance of which . . . the young have accused the old. Sir W. Scott.

SURVEILLANT Sur*veil"lant, n.; pl. Surveillants. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over. See Surveillance.]

Defn: One who watches over another; an overseer; a spy; a supervisor.

SURVEILLANT Sur*veil"lant, a.

Defn: Overseeing; watchful.

SURVENE Sur*vene", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survened; p. pr. & vb. n. Survening.] Etym: [F. survenir. See Supervene.]

Defn: To supervene upon; to come as an addition to. [Obs.] A suppuration that survenes lethargies. Harvey.

SURVENUE Sur"ve*nue, n. Etym: [OF. See Survene.]

Defn: A sudden or unexpected coming or stepping on. [Obs.]

SURVEY Sur*vey", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surveyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surveying.] Etym: [OF. surveoir, surveer; sur, sor, over, E. sur + veoir, veeir, to see, F. voir, L. videre. See Sur-, and Vision, and cf. Supervise.]

1. To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a high place; to overlook; as, to stand on a hill, and survey the surrounding country. Round he surveys and well might, where he stood, So high above. Milton.

2. To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine. With such altered looks, . . . All pale and speechless, he surveyed me round. Dryden.

3. To examine with reference to condition, situation, value, etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of; as, to survey a building in order to determine its value and exposure to loss by fire.

4. To determine the form, extent, position, etc., of, as a tract of land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of linear and angular measurments, and the application of the principles of geometry and trigonometry; as, to survey land or a coast.

5. To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same. [Eng.] Jacob (Law Dict.).

SURVEY Sur"vey, n. Etym: [Formerly accentuated universally on the last syllable, and still so accented by many speakers.]

1. The act of surveying; a general view, as from above. Under his proud survey the city lies. Sir J. Denham.

2. A particular view; an examination, especially an official examination, of all the parts or particulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality; as, a survey of the stores of a ship; a survey of roads and bridges; a survey of buildings.

3. The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or other particulars of, as any part of the earth's surface, whether land or water; also, a measured plan and description of any portion of country, or of a road or line through it. Survey of dogs. See Court of regard, under Regard. — Trigonometrical survey, a survey of a portion of country by measuring a single base, and connecting it with various points in the tract surveyed by a series of triangles, the angles of which are carefully measured, the relative positions and distances of all parts being computed from these data.

Syn. — Review; retrospect; examination; prospect.

SURVEYAL Sur*vey"al, n.

Defn: Survey. [R.] Barrow.

SURVEYANCE Sur*vey"ance, n.

Defn: Survey; inspection. [R.]

SURVEYING Sur*vey"ing, n.

Defn: That branch of applied mathematics which teaches the art of determining the area of any portion of the earth's surface, the length and directions of the bounding lines, the contour of the surface, etc., with an accurate delineation of the whole on paper; the act or occupation of making surveys. Geodetic surveying, geodesy. — Maritime, or Nautical, surveying, that branch of surveying which determines the forms of coasts and harbors, the entrances of rivers, with the position of islands, rocks, and shoals, the depth of water, etc. — Plane surveying. See under Plane, a. — Topographical surveying, that branch of surveying which involves the process of ascertaining and representing upon a plane surface the contour, physical features, etc., of any portion of the surface of the earth.

SURVEYOR Sur*vey"or, n.

1. One placed to superintend others; an overseer; an inspector. Were 't not madness then, To make the fox surveyor of the fold Shak.

2. One who views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity, or quality of anything; as, a surveyor of highways, ordnance, etc.

3. One who surveys or measures land; one who practices the art of surveying.

4. (Customs) (a) An officer who ascertains the contents of casks, and the quantity of liquors subject to duty; a gauger. (b) In the United States, an officer whose duties include the various measures to be taken for ascertaining the quantity, condition, and value of merchandise brought into a port. Abbot. Surveyor general. (a) A principal surveyor; as, the surveyor general of the king's manors, or of woods and parks. [Eng.] (b) An officer having charge of the survey of the public lands of a land district. [U.S.] Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.). — Surveyor's compass. See Circumferentor. — Surveyor's level. See under Level.

SURVEYORSHIP Sur*vey"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a surveyor.

SURVIEW Sur*view", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur- + view. Cf. Survey.]

Defn: To survey; to make a survey of. [Obs.] "To surview his ground." Spenser.

SURVIEW Sur*view", n.

Defn: A survey. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

SURVISE Sur*vise", v. t. Etym: [See Supervise, and Survey.]

Defn: To look over; to supervise. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SURVIVAL Sur*viv"al, n. Etym: [From Survive.]

1. A living or continuing longer than, or beyond the existence of, another person, thing, or event; an outliving.

2. (Arhæol. & Ethnol.)

Defn: Any habit, usage, or belief, remaining from ancient times, the origin of which is often unknown, or imperfectly known. The close bearing of the doctrine of survival on the study of manners and customs. Tylor. Survival of the fittest. (Biol.) See Natural selection, under Natural.

SURVIVANCE; SURVIVANCY Sur*viv"ance, Sur*viv"an*cy, n. Etym: [F. survivance.]

Defn: Survivorship. [R.] His son had the survivance of the stadtholdership. Bp. Burnet.

SURVIVE Sur*vive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survived; p. pr. & vb. n. Surviving.] Etym: [F. survivre, L. supervivere; super over + vivere to live. See Super-, and Victuals.]

Defn: To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer than; to outlive; to outlast; as, to survive a person or an event. Cowper. I'll assure her of Her widowhood, be it that she survive me, In all my lands and leases whatsoever. Shak.

SURVIVE Sur*vive", v. i.

Defn: To remain alive; to continue to live. Thy pleasure, Which, when no other enemy survives, Still conquers all the conquerors. Sir J. Denham. Alike are life and death, When life in death survives. Longfellow.

SURVIVENCY Sur*viv"en*cy, n.

Defn: Survivorship. [R.]

SURVIVER Sur*viv"er, n.

Defn: One who survives; a survivor.

SURVIVING Sur*viv"ing, a.

Defn: Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving friends; surviving customs.

SURVIVOR Sur*viv"or, n.

1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing. The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in anything. Blackstone.

SURVIVORSHIP Sur*viv"or*ship, n.

1. The state of being a survivor.

1. (Law)

Defn: The right of a joint tenant, or other person who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the death of other. Blackstone. Chance of survivorship, the chance that a person of a given age has of surviving another of a giving age; thus, by the Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of survivorship for two persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11 respectively, or about 8 to 1 that the elder die first.

SUSCEPTIBILITY Sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Susceptibilities. Etym: [Cf. F. susceptibilité.]

1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of receiving impressions, or of being affected.

2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation; impressibility; sensitiveness. Magnetic susceptibility (Physics), the intensity of magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field of unit strength. Sir W. Thomson.

Syn. — Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.

SUSCEPTIBLE Sus*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [F., from L. suscipere, susceptum, to take up, to support, undertake, recognize, admit; pref. sus (see Sub-) + capere to take. See Capable.]

1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body susceptible of color or of alteration. It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of our eternal day. Young.

2. Capable of impression; having nice sensibility; impressible; tender; sensitive; as, children are more susceptible than adults; a man of a susceptible heart. Candidates are . . . not very susceptible of affronts. Cowper. I am constitutionally susceptible of noises. Lamb. — Sus*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. — Sus*cep"ti*bly, adv.

SUSCEPTION Sus*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. susceptio: cf. F. susception. See Susceptible.]

Defn: The act of taking; reception.

SUSCEPTIVE Sus*cep"tive, a.

Defn: Susceptible. I. Watts. — Sus*cep"tive*ness, n.

SUSCEPTIVITY Sus`cep*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity for receiving; susceptibility. [R.] Wollaston.

SUSCEPTOR Sus*cep"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Susceptible.]

Defn: One who undertakes anything; specifically, a godfather; a sponsor; a guardian. Puller. Shipley.

SUSCIPIENCY Sus*cip"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: Admission. [R.]

SUSCIPIENT Sus*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. suscipiens, p.pr. of suscipere. See Susceptible.]

Defn: Receiving; admitting. [R.]

SUSCIPIENT Sus*cip"i*ent, n.

Defn: One who takes or admits; one who receives. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

SUSCITABILITY Sus`ci*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being suscitated; excitability. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SUSCITATE Sus"ci*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suscitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suscitating.] Etym: [L. suscitatus, p.p. of suscitare to lift up, to rouse; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + citare to rouse, excite. Cf. Excite, Incite.]

Defn: To rouse; to excite; to call into life and action. [Obs.]

SUSCITATION Sus`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. suscitatio: cf. F. suscitation.]

Defn: The act of raising or exciting. [R.] A mere suscitation or production of a thing. South.

SUSLIK Sus"lik, n. Etym: [Russ. súslik'.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ground squirrel (Spermophilus citillus) of Europe and Asia. It has large cheek pouches. [Written also souslik.]

SUSPECT Sus*pect", a. Etym: [L. suspectus, p.p. of suspicere to look up, admire, esteem, to look at secretly or askance, to mistrust; sub under + specere to look: cf. F. suspect suspected, suspicious. See Spy, and cf. Suspicion.]

1. Suspicious; inspiring distrust. [Obs.] Suspect [was] his face, suspect his word also. Chaucer.

2. Suspected; distrusted. [Obs.] What I can do or offer is suspect. Milton.

SUSPECT Sus*pect", n. Etym: [LL. suspectus. See Suspect, a.]

1. Suspicion. [Obs.] Chaucer. So with suspect, with fear and grief, dismayed. Fairfax.

2. One who, or that which, is suspected; an object of suspicion; — formerly applied to persons and things; now, only to persons suspected of crime. Bacon.

SUSPECT Sus*pect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspected; p. pr. & vb. n. Suspecting.]

1. To imagine to exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of the existence of, without proof, and often upon weak evidence or no evidence; to mistrust; to surmise; — commonly used regarding something unfavorable, hurtful, or wrong; as, to suspect the presence of disease. Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know little; and therefore men should remedy suspicion by producing to know more. Bacon. From her hand I could suspect no ill. Milton.

2. To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence, or without proof; as, to suspect one of equivocation.

3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; to distruct; as, to suspect the truth of a story. Addison.

4. To look up to; to respect. [Obs.]

Syn. — To mistrust; distrust; surmise; doubt.

SUSPECT Sus*pect", v. i.

Defn: To imagine guilt; to have a suspicion or suspicions; to be suspicious. If I suspect without cause, why then make sport at time. Shak.

SUSPECTABLE Sus*pect"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be suspected.

SUSPECTED Sus*pect"ed, a.

Defn: Distrusted; doubted. — Sus*pect"ed*ly, adv. — Sus*pect"ed*ness, n.

SUSPECTER Sus*pect"er, n.

Defn: One who suspects.

SUSPECTFUL Sus*pect"ful, a.

Defn: Apt to suspect or mistrust; full of suspicion; suspicious; as, to be suspectful of the motives of others. Milton. — Sus*pect"ful*ness, n.

SUSPECTION Sus*pec"tion, n.

Defn: Suspicion. [Obs.]

SUSPECTIOUSNESS Sus*pec"tious*ness, n.

Defn: Suspiciousness; cause for suspicion. [Obs. & R.] Ld. Berners.

SUSPECTLESS Sus*pect"less, a.

1. Not suspecting; having no suspicion. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

2. Not suspected; not mistrusted. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

SUSPEND Sus*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspended; p. pr. & vb. n. Suspending.] Etym: [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where the prefix is L. subtus below, from sub under), L. suspendere, suspensum; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + pendere to hang. See Pedant, and cf. Suspense, n.]

1. To attach to something above; to hang; as, to suspend a ball by a thread; to suspend a needle by a loadstone.

2. To make to depend; as, God hath suspended the promise of eternal life on the condition of obedience and holiness of life. [Archaic] Tillotson.

3. To cause to cease for a time; to hinder from proceeding; to interrupt; to delay; to stay. Suspend your indignation against my brother. Shak. The guard nor fights nor fies; their fate so near At once suspends their courage and their fear. Denham.

4. To hold in an undetermined or undecided state; as, to suspend one's judgment or opinion. Locke.

5. To debar, or cause to withdraw temporarily, from any privilege, from the execution of an office, from the enjoyment of income, etc.; as, to suspend a student from college; to suspend a member of a club. Good men should not be suspended from the exercise of their ministry and deprived of their livelihood for ceremonies which are on all hands acknowledged indifferent. Bp. Sanderson.

6. To cause to cease for a time from operation or effect; as, to suspend the habeas corpus act; to suspend the rules of a legislative body.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To support in a liquid, as an insoluble powder, by stirring, to facilitate chemical action. To suspend payment (Com.), to cease paying debts or obligations; to fail; — said of a merchant, a bank, etc.

Syn. — To hang; interrupt; delay; intermit; stay; hinder; debar.

SUSPEND Sus*pend", v. i.

Defn: To cease from operation or activity; esp., to stop payment, or be unable to meet obligations or engagements (said of a commercial firm or a bank).

SUSPENDER Sus*pend"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, suspends; esp., one of a pair of straps or braces worn over the shoulders, for holding up the trousers.

SUSPENSATION Sus`pen*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. suspensatio suspension from a charge or benefice.]

Defn: The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended, especially for a short time; temporary suspension.

SUSPENSE Sus*pense", a. Etym: [F. suspens, L. suspensus, p.p. of suspendere. See Suspend.]

1. Held or lifted up; held or prevented from proceeding. [Obs.] [The great light of day] suspense in heaven. Milton.

2. Expressing, or proceeding from, suspense or doubt. [Obs.] "Expectation held his look suspense." Milton.

SUSPENSE Sus*pense", n. Etym: [From F. suspens, a. See Suspense, a.]

1. The state of being suspended; specifically, a state of uncertainty and expectation, with anxiety or apprehension; indetermination; indecision; as, the suspense of a person waiting for the verdict of a jury. Ten days the prophet in suspense remained. Denham. Upon the ticklish balance of suspense. Cowper.

2. Cessation for a time; stop; pause. A cool suspense from pleasure and from pain. Pope.

3. Etym: [Cf. F. suspense.] (Law)

Defn: A temporary cessation of one's right; suspension, as when the rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land and rent. Suspense account (Bookkeeping), an account in which receipts or disbursements are temporarily entered until their proper position in the books is determined.

SUSPENSELY Sus*pense"ly, adv.

Defn: In suspense. [Obs.] Hales.

SUSPENSIBILITY Sus*pen`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being suspensible.

SUSPENSIBLE Sus*pen"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being suspended; capable of being held from sinking.

SUSPENSION Sus*pen"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suspension, L. suspensio arched work, imperfect pronunciation. See Suspend.]

1. The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended; pendency; as, suspension from a hook.

2. Especially, temporary delay, interruption, or cessation; as: (a) Of labor, study, pain, etc. (b) Of decision, determination, judgment, etc.; as, to ask a suspension of judgment or opinion in view of evidence to be produced. (c) Of the payment of what is due; as, the suspension of a mercantile firm or of a bank. (d) Of punishment, or sentence of punishment. (e) Of a person in respect of the exercise of his office, powers, prerogative, etc.; as, the suspension of a student or of a clergyman. (f) Of the action or execution of law, etc.; as, the suspension of the habeas corpus act.

3. A conditional withholding, interruption, or delay; as, the suspension of a payment on the performance of a condition.

4. The state of a solid when its particles are mixed with, but undissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining; also, any substance in this state.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation of what is to follow, or of what is to be the inference or conclusion from the arguments or observations employed.

6. (Scots Law)

Defn: A stay or postponement of execution of a sentence condemnatory by means of letters of suspension granted on application to the lord ordinary.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into the chord which follows, thus producing a momentary discord, suspending the concord which the ear expects. Cf. Retardation. Pleas in suspension (Law), pleas which temporarily abate or suspend a suit. — Points of suspension (Mech.), the points, as in the axis or beam of a balance, at which the weights act, or from which they are suspended. — Suspension bridge, a bridge supported by chains, ropes, or wires, which usually pass over high piers or columns at each end, and are secured in the ground beyond. — Suspension of arms (Mil.), a short truce or cessation of operations agreed on by the commanders of contending armies, as for burying the dead, making proposal for surrender or for peace, etc. — Suspension scale, a scale in which the platform hangs suspended from the weighing apparatus instead of resting upon it.

Syn. — Delay; interruption; intermission; stop.

SUSPENSIVE Sus*pen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suspensif. See Suspend.]

Defn: Tending to suspend, or to keep in suspense; causing interruption or delay; uncertain; doubtful. "In suspensive thoughts." Beaumont. "A suspensive veto." Macaulay. The provisional and suspensive attitude. J. Morley. Suspensive condition (Scots Law), a condition precedent, or a condition without the performance of which the contract can not be completed.

SUSPENSOR Sus*pen"sor, n. Etym: [NL.]

1. A suspensory.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The cord which suspends the embryo; and which is attached to the radicle in the young state; the proembryo.

SUSPENSORIUM Sus`pen*so"ri*um, n.; pl. Suspensoria. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: Anything which suspends or holds up a part: especially, the mandibular suspensorium (a series of bones, or of cartilages representing them) which connects the base of the lower jaw with the skull in most vertebrates below mammals.

SUSPENSORY Sus*pen"so*ry, a.

1. Suspended; hanging; depending.

2. Fitted or serving to suspend; suspending; as, a suspensory muscle. Ray.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a suspensorium.

SUSPENSORY Sus*pen"so*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suspensoir, suspensoire.]

Defn: That which suspends, or holds up, as a truss; specifically (Med.),

Defn: a bandage or bag for supporting the scrotum.

SUSPICABLE Sus"pi*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. suspacabilis, fr. suspicari to suspect, akin to suspicere. See Suspect, v. t.]

Defn: Liable to suspicion; suspicious. [Obs.] It is a very suspicable business. Dr. H. more.

SUSPICIENCY Sus*pi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [From L. suspiciens, p.pr. of suspicere. See Suspect, v. t.]

Defn: Suspiciousness; suspicion. [Obs.] Hopkins.

SUSPICION Sus*pi"cion, n. Etym: [OE. suspecioun, OF. souspeçon, F. soupçon, L. suspectio a looking up to, an esteeming highly, suspicion, fr. suspicere to look up, to esteem, to mistrust. The modern form suspicion in English and French is in imitation of L. suspicio mistrust, suspicion. See Suspect, and cf. Suspicious.]

1. The act of suspecting; the imagination or apprehension of the existence of something (esp. something wrong or hurtful) without proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evidence. Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds, they ever fly by twilight. Bacon.

2. Slight degree; suggestion; hint. [Colloq.] The features are mild but expressive, with just a suspicion . . . of saturnine or sarcastic humor. A. W. Ward.

Syn. — Jealousy; distrust; mistrust; diffidence; doubt.

SUSPICION Sus*pi"cion, v. t.

Defn: To view with suspicion; to suspect; to doubt. [Obs. or Low] South.

SUSPICIOUS Sus*pi"cious, a. Etym: [OE. suspecious; cf. L. suspiciosus. See Suspicion.]

1. Inclined to suspect; given or prone to suspicion; apt to imagine without proof. Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be suspicious; and no man can love the person he suspects. South. Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of merit suspicious of each other. Pope.

2. Indicating suspicion, mistrust, or fear. We have a suspicious, fearful, constrained countenance. Swift.

3. Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving reason to imagine ill; questionable; as, an author of suspicious innovations; suspicious circumstances. I spy a black, suspicious, threatening could. Shak.

Syn. — Jealous; distrustful; mistrustful; doubtful; questionable. See Jealous. — Sus*pi"cious*ly, adv. — Sus*pi"cious*ness, n.

SUSPIRAL Sus*pir"al, n. Etym: [From Suspire.]

1. A breathing hole; a vent or ventiduct.

2. A spring of water passing under ground toward a cistern or conduit.

SUSPIRATION Sus`pi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. suspiratio. See Suspire.]

Defn: The act of sighing, or fetching a long and deep breath; a deep respiration; a sigh. Windy suspiration of forced breath. Shak.

SUSPIRE Sus*pire", v. i. Etym: [L. suspirare to breathe out, to sigh; sub under + spirare to breathe: cf. F. souspirer, OF. souspirer.]

Defn: To fetch a long, deep breath; to sigh; to breathe. Shak. Fireflies that suspire In short, soft lapses of transported flame. Mrs. Browning.

SUSPIRE Sus*pire", n. Etym: [Cf. L. suspirium.]

Defn: A long, deep breath; a sigh. [Obs.]

SUSPIRED Sus*pired", a.

Defn: Ardently desired or longed for; earnestly coveted. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SUSTAIN Sus*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sustained; p. pr. & vb. n. Sustaining.] Etym: [OE. sustenen, susteinen, OF. sustenir, sostenir, F. soutenir (the French prefix is properly fr. L. subtus below, fr. sub under), L. sustinere; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Sustenance.]

1. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight. Every pillar the temple to sustain. Chaucer.

2. Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence, or the like; to support. No comfortable expectations of another life to sustain him under the evils in this world. Tillotson.

3. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to nourish; as, provisions to sustain an army.

4. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate. Shak. His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain. Dryden.

5. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up under; as, to sustain defeat and disappointment.

6. To suffer; to bear; to undergo. Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil sustain Dryden. You shall sustain more new disgraces. Shak.

7. To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid; to sanction; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the court sustained the action or suit.

8. To prove; to establish by evidence; to corroborate or confirm; to be conclusive of; as, to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition.

Syn. — To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer; undergo.

SUSTAIN Sus*tain", n.

Defn: One who, or that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer. [Obs.] I waked again, for my sustain was the Lord. Milton.

SUSTAINABLE Sus*tain"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. soutenable, OF. soustenable.]

Defn: Capable of being sustained or maintained; as, the action is not sustainable.

SUSTAINED Sus*tained", a.

Defn: Held up to a certain pitch, degree, or level; uniform; as, sustained pasion; a sustained style of writing; a sustained note in music.

SUSTAINER Sus*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sustains. Waterland.

SUSTAINMENT Sus*tain"ment, n.

Defn: The act of sustaining; maintenance; support. Milton. Lowell.

SUSTALTIC Sus*tal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Mournful; — said of a species of music among the ancient Greeks. Busby.

SUSTENANCE Sus"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. sustenance, sostenance, soustenance: cf. L. sustenentia endurance. See Sustain.]

1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; as, the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life.

2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions; means of living; as, the city has ample sustenance. "A man of little sustenance." Chaucer. For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. Milton.

SUSTENTACLE Sus*ten"ta*cle, n. Etym: [L. sustentaculum. See Sustentation.]

Defn: Sustenance. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

SUSTENTACULAR Sus`ten*tac"u*lar, a. Etym: [See Sustenance.] (Anat.)

Defn: Supporting; sustaining; as, a sustentacular tissue.

SUSTENTATE Sus"ten*tate, v. t.

Defn: To sustain. [R.] C. Reade.

SUSTENTATION Sus`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. sustentatio sustenance, maintenance, fr. sustentare to support, maintain, v. intens. fr. sustinere to sustain: cf. F. sustentation. See Sustain.]

1. The act of sustaining, or the state of being sustained; preservation from falling; support; sustenance; maintenance.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The aggregate of the functions by which a living organism is maintained in a normal condition of weight and growth. Sustentation fund (Eccl.), a fund of a religious body for support of its ministers, chapels, etc.; as, the sustentation fund of the Free Church of Scotland.

SUSTENTATIVE Sus"ten*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Adapted to sustain, strengthen, or corroborate; as, sustentative citations or quotations. Sustentative functions (Physiol.), those functions of the body which affect its material composition and thus determine its mass.

SUSTENTION Sus*ten"tion, n.

Defn: Sustentation. [R. or Colloq.] In fine images, in sustention, in irony, they surpass anything that Burke ever wrote. J. Morley.

SUSTER; SUSTRE Sus"ter, Sus"tre, n.; pl. Susters (, Sustres, or Sustren (.

Defn: Sister. [Obs.] Chaucer. There are seven sustren, that serve truth ever. Piers Plowman.

SUSU Su"su, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Soosoo.

SUSURRANT Su*sur"rant, a. Etym: [L. susurrans, p.pr. from susurrare to whisper.]

Defn: Whispering. [R.] "The soft susurrant sigh." Poetry of Anti- Jacobin.

SUSURRATION Su`sur*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. susurratio, fr. susurrare to whisper: cf. F. susurration.]

Defn: A whispering; a soft murmur. "Soft susurrations of the trees." Howell.

SUSURRINGLY Su*sur"ring*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a whisper. [Obs.]

SUSURROUS Su*sur"rous, a. Etym: [L. susurrus.]

Defn: Whispering; rustling; full of whispering sounds. [R.]

SUSURRUS Su*sur"rus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The act of whispering; a whisper; a murmur. De Quincey. The soft susurrus and sighs of the branches. Longfellow.

SUTILE Su"tile, a. Etym: [L. sutilis, fr. suere to sew: cf. F. sutile.]

Defn: Done by stitching. [R.] Boswell.

SUTLER Sut"ler, n. Etym: [D. zoetelaar, OD. soetelaar, a small trader, especially in camps, fr. soetelen to undertake low offices; cf. G. sudeln to do dirty work, to sully, soil, E. suds.]

Defn: A person who follows an army, and sells to the troops provisions, liquors, and the like.

SUTLERSHIP Sut"ler*ship, n.

Defn: The condition or occupation of a sutler.

SUTLING Sut"ling, a.

Defn: Belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler. Addison.

SUTOR Su"tor, n.

Defn: A kind of sirup made by the Indians of Arizona from the fruit of some cactaceous plant (probably the Cereus giganteus).

SUTRA Su"tra, n.; pl. Sutras. Etym: [Skr. s a thread, a string of rules; an aphorism; fr. siv to sew.]

1. (a) A precept; an aphorism; a brief rule. (b) A collection of such aphorisms.

2. pl.

Defn: A body of Hindoo literature containing aphorisms on grammar, meter, law, and philosophy, and forming a connecting link between the Vedic and later Sanscrit literature. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

SUTTEE Sut*tee", n. Etym: [Skr. sati a faithful wife, fem. of sant existing, real, true, good, p.pr. of as to be. Cf. Sooth.]

1. A Hindoo widow who immolates herself, or is immolated, on the funeral pile of her husband; — so called because this act of self- immolation is regarded as envincing excellence of wifely character. [India]

2. The act of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her husband. [India]

Note: The practice, though abolished in British India law in 1829, is not wholly prevented.

SUTTEEISM Sut*tee"ism, n.

Defn: The practice of self-immolation of widows in Hindostan.

SUTTLE Sut"tle, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Com.)

Defn: The weight when the tare has been deducted, and tret is yet to be allowed. M

SUTTLE Sut"tle, v. i. Etym: [See Sutler.]

Defn: To act as sutler; to supply provisions and other articles to troops.

SUTURAL Su"tur*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sutural, NL. suturals.]

1. Of or pertaining to a suture, or seam.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Taking place at a suture; as, a sutural de.

SUTURALLY Su"tur*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sutural manner.

SUTURATED Su"tur*a`ted, a.

Defn: Sewed or knit together; united by a suture; stitched.

SUTURE Su"ture, n. Etym: [L. sutura, fr. suere, sutum, to sew or stitch: cf. F. suture. See Sew to unite with thread.]

1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things or parts are sewed together, or are united so as to form a seam, or that which resembles a seam.

2. (Surg.) (a) The uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. (b) The stitch by which the parts are united.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The line of union, or seam, in an immovable articulation, like those between the bones of the skull; also, such an articulation itself; synarthrosis. See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic.

4. (Bot.) (a) The line, or seam, formed by the union of two margins in any part of a plant; as, the ventral suture of a legume. (b) A line resembling a seam; as, the dorsal suture of a legume, which really corresponds to a midrib.

5. (Zoöl.) (a) The line at which the elytra of a beetle meet and are sometimes confluent. (b) A seam, or impressed line, as between the segments of a crustacean, or between the whorls of a univalve shell. Glover's suture, Harmonic suture, etc. See under Glover, Harmonic, etc.

SUTURED Su"tured, a.

Defn: Having a suture or sutures; knit or united together. Pennant.

SUWARROW Su*war"row, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The giant cactus (Cereus giganteus); — so named by the Indians of Arizona. Called also saguaro.

SUZERAIN Su"ze*rain, n. Etym: [F., formed fr. sus above, L. susum, sursum (fr. sub under + versum, p.p. of vertere to turn), after the analogy of souverain, E. sovereign. See Sub-, and Verse.]

Defn: A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord paramount.

SUZERAINTY Su"ze*rain*ty, n. Etym: [F. suzeraineté.]

Defn: The dominion or authority of a suzerain; paramount authority.

SWA Swa (swä), adv. Etym: [See So.]

Defn: So. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SWAB Swab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swabbing.] Etym: [See Swabber, n.]

Defn: To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship. [Spelt also swob.]

SWAB Swab, n. Etym: [Written also swob.]

1. A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc., esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads.

2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle, for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying medicaments to deep- seated parts, etc.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An epaulet. [Sailor's Slang] Marryat.

4. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Obs.] Bailey.

5. A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.

SWABBER Swab"ber, v. t.

Defn: To swab. [R.]

SWABBER Swab"ber, n. Etym: [D. zwabber; cf.D. zwabberen to swab, G. schwabbern, Dan. svabre, Sw. svab a swab, svabla to swab.]

1. One who swabs a floor or desk. Shak.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Formerly, an interior officer on board of British ships of war, whose business it was to see that the ship was kept clean.

3. Same as Swobber, 2.

SWAD Swad, n. Etym: [Probably fr. AS. swe to bind.] [Written also swod.]

1. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Prov. Eng.] Swad, in the north, is a peascod shell — thence used for an empty, shallow-headed fellow. Blount.

2. A clown; a country bumpkin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Country swains, and silly swads." Greene. There was one busy fellow was their leader, A blunt, squat swad, but lower than yourself. B. Jonson.

3. A lump of mass; also, a crowd. [Low, U.S.]

4. (Coal Mining)

Defn: A thin layer of refuse at the bottom of a seam. Raymond.

SWADDLE Swad"dle, n. Etym: [AS. swe, swe, fr. swe to bind. See Swathe.]

Defn: Anything used to swaddle with, as a cloth or band; a swaddling band. They put me in bed in all my swaddles. Addison.

SWADDLE Swad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swaddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaddling.]

1. To bind as with a bandage; to bind or warp tightly with clothes; to swathe; — used esp. of infants; as, to swaddle a baby. They swaddled me up in my nightgown with long pieces of linen. Addison.

2. To beat; to cudgel. [Obs.] Hudibras.

SWADDLEBILL Swad"dle*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shoveler. [Local, U.S.]

SWADDLER Swad"dler, n.

Defn: A term of contempt for an Irish Methodist. Shipley.

SWADDLING Swad"dling, a. & n.

Defn: from Swaddle, v. Swaddling band, Swaddling cloth, or Swaddling clout, a band or cloth wrapped round an infant, especially round a newborn infant. Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. Luke ii. 12.

SWAG Swag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Swagging.] Etym: [Cf. Icel. sveggja, sveigja to bend, to sway, Norw. svaga to sway. See Sway.]

1. To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To sink down by its weight; to sag. Sir H. Wotton. I swag as a fat person's belly swaggeth as he goeth. Palsgrave.

SWAG Swag, n.

1. A swaying, irregular motion.

2. A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle. [Cant or Slang] Charles Reade.

SWAG-BELLIED Swag"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a prominent, overhanging belly. Shak.

SWAGBELLY Swag"bel`ly, n.

1. A prominent, overhanging belly. Smollett.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Any large tumor developed in the abdomen, and neither fluctuating nor sonorous. Dunglison.

SWAGE Swage, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaging.] Etym: [Equiv. to suage, abbrev. fr. assuage.]

Defn: See Assuage. [Obs.]

SWAGE Swage, n.

Defn: A tool, variously shaped or grooved on the end or face, used by blacksmiths and other workers in metals, for shaping their work, whether sheet metal or forging, by holding the swage upon the work, or the work upon the swage, and striking with a sledge. Swage block, a perforated block of iron, having grooved sides and adapted for use in heading bolts and swaging objects of large size.

SWAGE Swage, v. t.

Defn: To shape by means of a swage; to fashion, as a piece of iron, by forcing it into a groove or mold having the required shape.

SWAGGER Swag"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swaggered; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaggering.] Etym: [Freq. of swag.]

1. To walk with a swaying motion; hence, to walk and act in a pompous, consequential manner. A man who swaggers about London clubs. Beaconsfield.

2. To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously proud or vainglorious; to bluster; to bully. What a pleasant it is . . . to swagger at the bar! Arbuthnot. To be great is not . . . to swagger at our footmen. Colier.

SWAGGER Swag"ger, v. t.

Defn: To bully. [R.] Swift.

SWAGGER Swag"ger, n.

Defn: The act or manner of a swaggerer. He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped forth to receive us. W. Irving.

SWAGGERER Swag"ger*er, n.

Defn: One who swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful, noisy fellow. Shak.

SWAGGIE Swag"gie, n.

Defn: A swagman. [Australia]

SWAGGY Swag"gy, a.

Defn: Inclined to swag; sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight. Sir T. Browne.

SWAGMAN Swag"man, n.

Defn: A bushman carrying a swag and traveling on foot; — called also swagsman, swagger, and swaggie.

SWAGSMAN Swags"man, n.

Defn: A swagman. [Australia]

SWAIN Swain, n. Etym: [OE. swain, swein, Icel. sveinn a boy, servant; akin to Sw. sven, Dan. svend, AS. swan, OHG. swein.]

1. A servant. [Obs.] Him behoves serve himself that has no swain. Chaucer.

2. A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic; esp., a cuntry gallant or lover; — chiefly in poetry. It were a happy life To be no better than a homely swain. Shak. Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel. Pope.

SWAINISH Swain"ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a swain; rustic; ignorant. "An ungentle and swainish beast." Milton. — Swain"ish*ness, n. Emerson.

SWAINLING Swain"ling, n.

Defn: A little swain. [R.]

SWAINMOTE Swain"mote`, n. Etym: [Swain + mote meeting: cf. LL. swanimotum.] (Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: A court held before the verders of the forest as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every year, the swains, or freeholders, within the forest composing the jury. [Written also swanimote, and sweinmote.] Blackstone.

SWAINSHIP Swain"ship, n.

Defn: The condition of a swain.

SWAIP Swaip, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sweep.]

Defn: To walk proudly; to sweep along. [Prov. Eng.] Todd.

SWAL Swal, obs. imp. of Swell.

Defn: Swelled. Chaucer.

SWALE Swale, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. svalr cool, svala to cool.]

Defn: A valley or low place; a tract of low, and usually wet, land; a moor; a fen. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

SWALE Swale, v. i. & t.

Defn: To melt and waste away; to singe. See Sweal, v.

SWALE Swale, n.

Defn: A gutter in a candle. [Prov. Eng.]

SWALLET Swal"let, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwall a sea swell, from schwellen to swell, E. swell.]

Defn: Water breaking in upon the miners at their work; — so called among tin miners. [Prov. Eng.]

SWALLOW Swal"low, n. Etym: [OE. swalowe, AS. swalewe, swealwe; akin to D. zwaluw, OHG. swalawa, G. schwalbe, Icel. & Sw. svala, Dan. svale.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of passerine birds of the family Hirundinidæ, especially one of those species in which the tail is deeply forked. They have long, pointed wings, and are noted for the swiftness and gracefulness of their flight.

Note: The most common North American species are the barn swallow (see under Barn), the cliff, or eaves, swallow (see under Cliff), the white-bellied, or tree, swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and the bank swallow (see under Bank). The common European swallow (Chelidon rustica), and the window swallow, or martin (Chelidon urbica), are familiar species.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of swifts which resemble the true swallows in form and habits, as the common American chimney swallow, or swift.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The aperture in a block through which the rope reeves. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Swallow plover (Zoöl.), any one of several species of fork-tailed ploverlike birds of the genus Glareola, as G. orientalis of India; a pratincole. — Swallow shrike (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic birds of the family Artamiidæ, allied to the shrikes but similar to swallows in appearance and habits. The ashy swallow shrike (Artamus fuscus) is common in India. — Swallow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of East Indian and Australian singing birds of the genus Dicæum. They are allied to the honeysuckers.

SWALLOW Swal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swallowing.] Etym: [OE. swolewen, swolwen, swolhen, AS. swelgan; akin to D. zwelgen, OHG. swelahan, swelgan, G. schwelgen to feast, to revel, Icel. svelgia to swallow, SW. svälja, Dan. svælge. Cf. Groundsel a plant.]

1. To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet, or esophagus, into the stomach; as, to swallow food or drink. As if I had swallowed snowballs for pills. Shak.

2. To draw into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; to absorb — usually followed by up. Milton. The earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses. Num. xvi. 32.

3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief, without examination or scruple; to receive implicitly. Though that story . . . be not so readily swallowed. Sir T. Browne.

4. To engross; to appropriate; — usually with up. Homer excels . . . in this, that he swallowed up the honor of those who succeeded him. Pope.

5. To occupy; to take up; to employ. The necessary provision of the life swallows the greatest part of their time. Locke.

6. To seize and waste; to exhaust; to consume. Corruption swallowed what the liberal hand Of bounty scattered. Thomson.

7. To retract; to recant; as, to swallow one's opinions. "Swallowed his vows whole." Shak.

8. To put up with; to bear patiently or without retaliation; as, to swallow an affront or insult.

Syn. — To absorb; imbibe; ingulf; engross; consume. See Absorb.

SWALLOW Swal"low, v. i.

Defn: To perform the act of swallowing; as, his cold is so severe he is unable to swallow.

SWALLOW Swal"low, n.

1. The act of swallowing.

2. The gullet, or esophagus; the throat.

3. Taste; relish; inclination; liking. [Colloq.] I have no swallow for it. Massinger.

4. Capacity for swallowing; voracity. There being nothing too gross for the swallow of political rancor. Prof. Wilson.

5. As much as is, or can be, swallowed at once; as, a swallow of water.

6. That which ingulfs; a whirlpool. [Obs.] Fabyan.

SWALLOWER Swal"low*er, n.

Defn: One who swallows; also, a glutton. Tatler.

SWALLOWFISH Swal"low*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). It has large pectoral fins.

SWALLOWTAIL Swal"low*tail`, n.

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A kind of tenon or tongue used in making joints. See Dovetail.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of willow.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: An outwork with converging sides, its head or front forming a reëntrant angle; — so called from its form. Called also priestcap.

4. A swallow-tailed coat. This Stultz coat, a blue swallowtail, with yellow buttons. Thackeray.

5. An arrow. Sir W. Scott.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large and handsome butterflies, belonging to Papilio and allied genera, in which the posterior border of each hind wing is prolongated in the form of a long lobe.

Note: The black swallowtail, or asterias (see Papilio), the blue swallowtail, or philenor, the tiger swallowtail, or turnus (see Turnus), and the zebra swallowtail, or ajax (see under Zebra) are common American species. See also Troilus.

SWALLOW-TAILED Swal"low-tailed`, a.

1. Having a tail like that of a swallow; hence, like a swallow's tail in form; having narrow and tapering or pointed skirts; as, a swallow- tailed coat.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: United by dovetailing; dovetailed. Swallow-tailed duck (Zoöl.), the old squaw. — Swallow-tailed gull (Zoöl.), an Arctic gull (Xema furcata), which has a deeply forked tail. — Swallow-tailed hawk or kite (Zoöl.), the fork-tailed kite. — Swallow-tailed moth (Zoöl.), a European moth (Urapteryx sambucaria) having tail-like lobes on the hind wings.

SWALLOWWORT Swal"low*wort`, n. (Bot.) (a) See Celandine. (b) A poisonous plant (Vincetoxicum officinale) of the Milkweed family, at one time used in medicine; — also called white swallowwort. African swallowwort, a plant of the genus Stapelia.

SWAM Swam,

Defn: imp. of Swim.

SWAMP Swamp, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. swam a fungus, OD. swam a sponge, D. zwam a fungus, G. schwamm a sponge, Icel. svöppr, Dan. & Sw. swamp, Goth. swamms, Gr. somfo`s porous, spongy.]

Defn: Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the seashore. Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern. Tennyson. A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only herbage, plants, and mosses. Farming Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words). Swamp blackbird. (Zoöl.) See Redwing (b). — Swamp cabbage (Bot.), skunk cabbage. — Swamp deer (Zoöl.), an Asiatic deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) of India. — Swamp hen. (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian azure-breasted bird (Porphyrio bellus); — called also goollema. (b) An Australian water crake, or rail (Porzana Tabuensis); — called also little swamp hen. (c) The European purple gallinule. — Swamp honeysuckle (Bot.), an American shrub (Azalea, or Rhododendron, viscosa) growing in swampy places, with fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged with rose; — called also swamp pink. — Swamp hook, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling logs. Cf. Cant hook. — Swamp itch. (Med.) See Prairie itch, under Prairie. — Swamp laurel (Bot.), a shrub (Kalmia glauca) having small leaves with the lower surface glaucous. — Swamp maple (Bot.), red maple. See Maple. — Swamp oak (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak which grow in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak (Quercus palustris), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), swamp post oak (Q. lyrata). — Swamp ore (Min.), big ore; limonite. — Swamp partridge (Zoöl.), any one of several Australian game birds of the genera Synoicus and Excalfatoria, allied to the European partridges. — Swamp robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. — Swamp sassafras (Bot.), a small North American tree of the genus Magnolia (M. glauca) with aromatic leaves and fragrant creamy-white blossoms; — called also sweet bay. — Swamp sparrow (Zoöl.), a common North American sparrow (Melospiza Georgiana, or M. palustris), closely resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy places. — Swamp willow. (Bot.) See Pussy willow, under Pussy.

SWAMP Swamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swamping.]

1. To plunge or sink into a swamp.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to capsize or sink by whelming with water.

3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck. The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers. J. R. Green. Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory. Sir W. Hamilton.

SWAMP Swamp, v. i.

1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in insuperable difficulties.

2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be wrecked.

SWAMPY Swamp"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as, swampy land.

SWAN Swan, n. Etym: [AS. swan; akin to D. zwaan, OHG. swan, G. schwan, Icel. svanr, Sw. svan, Dan. svane; and perhaps to E. sound something audible.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large aquatic birds belonging to Cygnus, Olor, and allied genera of the subfamily Cygninæ. They have a large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for their graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a melodious song, especially at the time of its death.

Note: The European white, or mute, swan (Cygnus gibbus), which is most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans of the genus Olor do not bend the neck in an S-shaped curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry, due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus belong the European whooper, or whistling swan (Olor cygnus), the American whistling swan (O. Columbianus), and the trumpeter swan (O. buccinator). The Australian black swan (Chenopis atrata) is dull black with white on the wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with a white band. It is a very graceful species and is often domesticated. The South American black-necked swan (Sthenelides melancorypha) is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely white, except the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill has a double bright rose-colored knob.

2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted for grace and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of Avon.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The constellation Cygnus. Swan goose (Zoöl.), a bird of India (Cygnopsis cygnoides) resembling both the swan and the goose. — Swan shot, a large size of shot used in fowling.

SWANG Swang, obs.

Defn: imp. of Swing.

SWANG Swang, n. Etym: [Cf. Swamp.]

Defn: A swamp. [Prov. Eng.]

SWANHERD Swan"herd`, n.

Defn: One who tends or marks swans; as, the royal swanherd of England.

SWAN-HOPPING Swan"-hop`ping, n.

Defn: A corruption of Swan-upping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.

SWANIMOTE Swan"i*mote, n. (Eng. Forest Law)

Defn: See Swainmote.

SWANKIE; SWANKY Swank"ie, Swank"y, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwank flexible, pliant.]

Defn: An active and clever young fellow. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SWANLIKE Swan"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a swan.

SWANMARK Swan"mark`, n.

Defn: A mark of ownership cut on the bill or swan. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.

SWANNERY Swan"ner*y, n.

Defn: A place where swans are bred. "The largest swannery in England." Encyc. Brit.

SWANNY Swan"ny, a.

Defn: Swanlike; as, a swanny glossiness of the neck. Richardson.

SWANPAN Swan"pan, n. Etym: [Cf. Schwanpan.]

Defn: The Chinese abacus; a schwanpan. S. W. Williams.

SWAN'S-DOWN; SWANS-DOWN Swan's"-down`, or; Swans"-down`, n.

1. The down, or fine, soft feathers, of the swan, used on various articles of dress.

2. A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool mixed with silk or cotton; a sort of twilled fustian, like moleskin. Swan's-down cotton. See Cotton flannel, under Cotton.

SWANSKIN Swan"skin`, n.

1. The act of a swan with the down or the feathers on.

2. A species of soft flannel, thick and warm.

SWAN-UPPING Swan"-up`ping, n.

Defn: A yearly expedition on the Thames to take up young swans and mark them, as by Companies of Dyers and Vintners; — called also swan-hopping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.

SWAP Swap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swapping.] Etym: [OE. swappen to strike; cf. E. to strike a bargain; perh. akin to E. sweep. Cf. Swap a blow, Swap, v. i.] [Written also swop.]

1. To strike; — with off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Swap off his head!" Chaucer.

2. To exchange (usually two things of the same kind); to swop. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth.

SWAP Swap, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swap, v. t.]

1. To fall or descend; to rush hastily or violently. C. Richardson (Dict.). All suddenly she swapt adown to ground. Chaucer.

2. To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or noise; to flap.

SWAP Swap, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwapp, n., a slap, swap, schwapp, schwapps, interj., slap! smack! and E. swap, v.t.]

1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. An exchange; a barter. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

SWAP Swap, adv. Etym: [See Swap, n.]

Defn: Hastily. [Prov. Eng.]

SWAPE Swape, n.

Defn: See Sweep, n., 12.

SWARD Sward, n. Etym: [AS. sweard skin, covering; akin to OFries. swarge, D. zwoord, G. schwarte, Icel. svör skin, sward of the earth.]

1. Skin; covering. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. The grassy surface of land; that part of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass; turf. The sward was trim as any garden lawn. Tennyson. Sward pork, bacon in large fitches. [Prov. Eng.]

SWARD Sward, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Swarding.]

Defn: To produce sward upon; to cover, or be covered, with sward. Mortimer.

SWARD-CUTTER Sward"-cut`ter, n. (a) A plow for turning up grass land. (b) A lawn mower.

SWARDED Sward"ed, a.

Defn: Covered with sward. Mrs. Browning.

SWARDY Sward"y, a.

Defn: Covered with sward or grass.

SWARE Sware,

Defn: imp. of Swear. [Obs. or Poetic] Cophetua sware a royal oath. Tennyson.

SWARF Swarf, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]

Defn: To grow languid; to faint. [Scot.] "To swarf for very hunger." Sir W. Scott.

SWARF Swarf, n. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]

Defn: The grit worn away from grindstones in grinding cutlery wet. [Prov. Eng.]

SWARM Swarm, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]

Defn: To climb a tree, pole, or the like, by embracing it with the arms and legs alternately. See Shin. [Colloq.] At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those who could swarm up and seize it. W. Coxe.

SWARM Swarm, n. Etym: [OE. swarm, AS. swearm; akin to D. zwerm, G. schwarm, OHG. swaram, Icel. svarmr a tumult, Sw. svärm a swarm, Dan. sværm, and G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz, Skr. svar to sound, and perhaps to E. swear. *177. Cf. Swerve, Swirl.]

1. A large number or mass of small animals or insects, especially when in motion. "A deadly swarm of hornets." Milton.

2. Especially, a great number of honeybees which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the direction of a queen; a like body of bees settled permanently in a hive. "A swarm of bees." Chaucer.

3. Hence, any great nimber or multitude, as of people in motion, or sometimes of inanimate objects; as, a swarm of meteorites. Those prodigious swarms that had settled themselves in every part of it [Italy]. Addison.

Syn. — Multitude; crowd; throng.

SWARM Swarm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swarmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swarming.]

1. To collect, and depart from a hive by flight in a body; — said of bees; as, bees swarm in warm, clear days in summer.

2. To appear or collect in a crowd; to throng together; to congregate in a multitude. Chaucer.

3. To be crowded; to be thronged with a multitude of beings in motion. Every place swarms with soldiers. Spenser.

4. To abound; to be filled (with). Atterbury.

5. To breed multitudes. Not so thick swarmed once the soil Bedropped with blood of Gorgon. Milton.

SWARM Swarm, v. t.

Defn: To crowd or throng. Fanshawe.

SWARMSPORE Swarm"spore`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of innumerable minute, motile, reproductive bodies, produced asexually by certain algæ and fungi; a zoöspore.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the minute flagellate germs produced by the sporulation of a protozoan; — called also zoöspore.

SWART Swart, n.

Defn: Sward. [Obs.] Holinshed.

SWART Swart, a. Etym: [OE. swart, AS. sweart black; akin to OFries, OS. & LG. swart, D. zwart, G. schwartz, OHG. swarz, Icel. svarir, Sw. svart, Dan. sort, Goth. swarts; cf. L. sordes dirt, sordere to be dirty. Cf. Sordid, Surd.]

1. Of a dark hue; moderately black; swarthy; tawny. "Swart attendants." Trench. "Swart savage maids." Hawthorne. A nation strange, with visage swart. Spenser.

2. Gloomy; malignant. [Obs.] Milton. Swart star, the Dog Star; — so called from its appearing during the hot weather of summer, which makes swart the countenance. [R.] Milton.

SWART Swart, v. t.

Defn: To make swart or tawny; as, to swart a living part. Sir T. Browne.

SWARTBACK Swart"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black-backed gull (Larus marinus); — called also swarbie. [Prov. Eng.]

SWARTH Swarth, a.

Defn: Swart; swarthy. "A swarth complexion." Chapman.

SWARTH Swarth, n.

Defn: An apparition of a person about to die; a wraith. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

SWARTH Swarth, n. Etym: [See Sward.]

Defn: Sward; short grass. Grassy swarth, close cropped by nibbling sheep. Cowper.

SWARTH Swarth, n.

Defn: See Swath.

SWARTHILY Swarth"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a swarthy manner; with a tawny hue; duskily.

SWARTHINESS Swarth"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being swarthy; a dusky or dark complexion; tawniness.

SWARTHNESS Swarth"*ness, n.

Defn: Swarthiness. [R.] Dr. R. Clerke.

SWARTHY Swarth"y, a. [Compar. Swarthier; superl. Swarthiest.] Etym: [See Swart, a.]

Defn: Being of a dark hue or dusky complexion; tawny; swart; as, swarthy faces. "A swarthy Ethiope." Shak. Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains. Addison.

SWARTHY Swarth"y, v. t.

Defn: To make swarthy. [Obs.] Cowley.

SWARTINESS Swart"i*ness, n.

Defn: Swarthiness. [Obs.]

SWARTISH Swart"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat swart, dark, or tawny.

SWARTNESS Swart"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being swart.

SWARTY Swart"y, a.

Defn: Swarthy; tawny. [Obs.] Burton.

SWARVE Swarve, v. i. Etym: [See Swerve.]

1. To swerve. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Jamieson.

2. To climb. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SWASH Swash, n. Etym: [Cf. Swash, v. i., Squash, v. t.] (Arch.)

Defn: An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to the axis of the work. Moxon. Swash plate (Mach.), a revolving circular plate, set obliquely on its shaft, and acting as a cam to give a reciprocating motion to a rod in a direction parallel to the shaft.

SWASH Swash, a. Etym: [Cf. Swash, v. i., Squash, v. t.]

Defn: Soft, like fruit too ripe; swashy. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.

SWASH Swash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swashing.] Etym: [Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw. svasska to splash, and, for sense 3, Sw. svassa to bully, to rodomontade.]

1. To dash or flow noisily, as water; to splash; as, water swashing on a shallow place.

2. To fall violently or noisily. [Obs.] Holinshed.

3. To bluster; to make a great noise; to vapor or brag.

SWASH Swash, n.

1. Impulse of water flowing with violence; a dashing or splashing of water.

2. A narrow sound or channel of water lying within a sand bank, or between a sand bank and the shore, or a bar over which the sea washes.

3. Liquid filth; wash; hog mash. [Obs.]

4. A blustering noise; a swaggering behavior. [Obs.]

5. A swaggering fellow; a swasher.

SWASHBUCKLER Swash"buc`kler, n.

Defn: A bully or braggadocio; a swaggering, boastful fellow; a swaggerer. Milton.

SWASHER Swash"er, n.

Defn: One who makes a blustering show of valor or force of arms. Shak.

SWASHING Swash"ing, a.

1. Swaggering; hectoring. "A swashing and martial outside." Shak.

2. Resounding; crushing. "Swashing blow." Shak.

SWASHWAY Swash"way`, n.

Defn: Same as 4th Swash, 2.

SWASHY Swash"y, a.

Defn: Soft, like fruit that is too ripe; quashy; swash. [Prov. Eng.]

SWASTIKA; SWASTICA Swas"ti*ka, Swas"ti*ca, n. [Also suastica, svastika, etc.] [Skr. svastika, fr. svasti walfare; su well + asti being.]

Defn: A symbol or ornament in the form of a Greek cross with the ends of the arms at right angles all in the same direction, and each prolonged to the height of the parallel arm of the cross. A great many modified forms exist, ogee and volute as well as rectilinear, while various decorative designs, as Greek fret or meander, are derived from or closely associated with it. The swastika is found in remains from the Bronze Age in various parts of Europe, esp. at Hissarlik (Troy), and was in frequent use as late as the 10th century. It is found in ancient Persia, in India, where both Jains and Buddhists used (or still use) it as religious symbol, in China and Japan, and among Indian tribes of North, Central, and South America. It is usually thought to be a charm, talisman, or religious token, esp. a sign of good luck or benediction. Max MüLler distinguished from the swastika, with arms prolonged to the right, the suavastika, with arms prolonged to the left, but this distinction is not commonly recognized. Other names for the swastika are fylfot and gammadion.

SWAT Swat, obs.

Defn: imp. of Sweat. Chaucer.

SWATCH Swatch, n.

1. A swath. [Obs.] Tusser.

2. A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of cloth. Halliwell. Jamieson.

SWATE Swate, obs.

Defn: imp. of Sweat. Thomson.

SWATH Swath, n. Etym: [AS. swa a track, trace; akin to D. zwaad, zwad, zwade, a swath of grass, G. schwad, schwaden; perhaps, originally, a shred. Cf. Swathe, v. t.]

1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the scythe in mowing or cradling.

2. The whole sweep of a scythe, or the whole breadth from which grass or grain is cut by a scythe or a machine, in mowing or cradling; as, to cut a wide swath.

3. A band or fillet; a swathe. Shak. Swath bank, a row of new-mown grass. [Prov. Eng.]

SWATHE Swathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swathing.] Etym: [OE. swathen, AS. swe. See Swath, n., and cf. Swaddle.]

Defn: To bind with a swathe, band, bandage, or rollers. Their children are never swathed or bound about with any thing when they are first born. Abp. Abbot.