A A (named a in the English, and most commonly ä in other languages). (continued 11)

1. To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer a charge; to answer an accusation.

2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to. She answers him as if she knew his mind. Shak. So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . . And him thus answered soon his bold compeer. Milton.

3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute. No man was able to answer him a word. Matt. xxii. 46. These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant. Milton. The reasoning was not and could not be answered. Macaulay.

4. To be or act in return or response to. Hence: (a) To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand; as, he answered my claim upon him; the servant answered the bell. This proud king . . . studies day and night To answer all the debts he owes unto you. Shak.

(b) To render account to or for. I will . . . send him to answer thee. Shak.

(c) To atone; to be punished for. And grievously hath Cæzar answered it. Shak.

(d) To be opposite to; to face. The windows answering each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon them. Gilpin.

(e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay. [R.] Money answereth all things. Eccles. x. 19.

(f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit. Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they answered the bulk of so prodigious a person. Swift.

ANSWER An"swer, v. i.

1. To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to make response. There was no voice, nor any that answered. 1 Kings xviii. 26.

2. To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money intrusted to his care. Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial law. Shak.

3. To be or act in return. Hence: (a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as, gypsum answers as a manure on some soils. Do the strings answer to thy noble hand Dryden.

(b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition. (c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; as, a very few will answer. (d) To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; — usually with to. That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place answer to convenience. Shak. If this but answer to my just belief, I 'll remember you. Shak. As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Pro

ANSWER An"swer, n. Etym: [OE. andsware, AS. andswaru; and against + swerian to swear. Anti-, and Swear, and cf. 1st un-.]

1. A reply to a change; a defense. At my first answer no man stood with me. 2 Tim. iv. 16.

2. Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a reply. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1. I called him, but he gave me no answer. Cant. v. 6.

3. Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something else; a responsive action. Great the slaughter is Here made by the Roman; great the answer be Britons must take. Shak.

4. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the answer to a problem.

5. (Law)

Defn: A counter-statement of facts in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In Equity, it is the usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill. Bouvier.

Syn. — Reply; rejoinder; response. See Reply.

ANSWERABLE An"swer*a*ble, a.

1. Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal; to be answerable for a debt, or for damages. Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished, but is answerable only to God Swift.

2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory answer. The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable. Johnson.

3. Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable. What wit and policy of man is answerable to their discreet and orderly course Holland. This revelation . . . was answerable to that of the apostle to the Thessalonians. Milton.

4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it.

5. Equal; equivalent; adequate. [Archaic] Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain. Milton.

ANSWERABLENESS An"swer*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.

ANSWERABLY An"swer*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence; suitably.

ANSWERER An"swer*er, n.

Defn: One who answers.

ANSWERLESS An"swer*less, a.

Defn: Having no answer, or impossible to be answered. Byron.

AN 'T An 't.

Defn: An it, that is, and it or if it. See An, conj. [Obs.]

AN'T An't.

Defn: A contraction for are and am not; also used for is not; — now usually written ain't. [Colloq. & illiterate speech.]

ANT- Ant-.

Defn: See Anti-, prefix.

-ANT -ant. Etym: [F. -ant, fr. L. -antem or -entem, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly from L. -antem.]

Defn: A suffix sometimes marking the agent for action; as, merchant, covenant, servant, pleasant, etc. Cf. -ent.

ANT Ant, n. Etym: [OE. ante, amete, emete, AS. æmete akin to G. ameise. Cf. Emmet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hymenopterous insect of the Linnæan genus Formica, which is now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.

Note: Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants, besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits, as agricultural ants, carpenter ants, honey ants, foraging ants, amazon ants, etc. The white ants or Termites belong to the Neuroptera. Ant bird (Zoöl.), one of a very extensive group of South American birds (Formicariidæ), which live on ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called ant shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant wrens. — Ant rice (Bot.), a species of grass (Aristida oligantha) cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its seed.

ANTA An"ta, n.; pl. Antæ. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: A species of pier produced by thickening a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster, with capital and base.

Note: Porches, when columns stand between two antæ, are called in Latin in antis.

ANTACID Ant*ac"id, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acid.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent. — a.

Defn: Counteractive of acidity.

ANTACRID Ant*ac"rid, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acrid.]

Defn: Corrective of acrimony of the humors.

ANTAEAN An*tæ"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Antæus, a giant athlete slain by Hercules.

ANTAGONISM An*tag"o*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonisme. See Agony.]

Defn: Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles.

Note: We speak of antagonism between two things, to or against a thing, and sometimes with a thing.

ANTAGONIST An*tag"o*nist, n. Etym: [L. antagonista, Gr. antagoniste. See Antagonism.]

1. One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent. Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King. Milton. Our antagonists in these controversies. Hooker.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues.

Syn. — Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See Adversary.

ANTAGONIST An*tag"o*nist, a.

Defn: Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of philosophy.

ANTAGONISTIC; ANTAGONISTICAL An*tag`o*nis"tic, An*tag`o*nis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against; as, antagonistic forces. — An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. They were distinct, adverse, even antagonistic. Milman.

ANTAGONIZE An*tag"o*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antagonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Antagonozing.] Etym: [Gr. Antagonism.]

Defn: To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract.

ANTAGONIZE An*tag"o*nize, v. i.

Defn: To act in opposition.

ANTAGONY An*tag"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonie. See Antagonism.]

Defn: Contest; opposition; antagonism. [Obs.] Antagony that is between Christ and Belial. Milton.

ANTALGIC An*tal"gic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. antalgique.] (Med.)

Defn: Alleviating pain. — n.

Defn: A medicine to alleviate pain; an anodyne. [R.]

ANTALKALI; ANTALKALINE Ant*al"ka*li, Ant*al"ka*line, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + alkali.]

Defn: Anything that neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the system. Hoopplw.

ANTALKALINE Ant*al"ka*line, a.

Defn: Of power to counteract alkalies.

ANTAMBULACRAL Ant*am`bu*la"cral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Away from the ambulacral region.

ANTANACLASIS Ant`an*a*cla"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. Anaclastic.] (Rhet.) (a) A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense; as, Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live without craft. (b) A repetition of words beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis; as, Shall that heart (which not only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in them), shall that heart, etc.

ANTANAGOGE Ant`an*a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + anagoge.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure which consists in answering the charge of an adversary, by a counter charge.

ANTAPHRODISIAC Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + aphrodisiac.] (Med.)

Defn: Capable of blunting the venereal appetite. — n.

Defn: Anything that quells the venereal appetite.

ANTAPHRODITIC Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. antaphroditique.] (Med.)

1. Antaphrodisiac.

2. Antisyphilitic. [R.]

ANTAPHRODITIC Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, n.

Defn: An antaphroditic medicine.

ANTAPOPLECTIC Ant`ap*o*plec"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + apoplectic.] (Med.)

Defn: Good against apoplexy. — n.

Defn: A medicine used against apoplexy.

ANTARCHISM Ant*ar"chism, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Opposition to government in general. [R.]

ANTARCHIST Ant*ar"chist, n.

Defn: One who opposes all government. [R.]

ANTARCHISTIC; ANTARCHISTICAL Ant`ar*chis"tic, Ant`ar*chis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to all human government. [R.]

ANTARCTIC Ant*arc"tic, a. Etym: [OE. antartik, OF. antartique, F. antarctique, L. antarcticus, fr. Gr. Arctic.]

Defn: Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from the pole 23º 28min. Thus we say the antarctic pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.

ANTARES An*ta"res, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The principal star in Scorpio: — called also the Scorpion's Heart.

ANTARTHRITIC Ant`ar*thrit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + arthritic.] (Med.) Counteracting or alleviating gout. — n.

Defn: A remedy against gout.

ANTASTHMATIC Ant`asth*mat"ic ( or ; see Asthma; 277), a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + asthmatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma. — n.

Defn: A remedy for asthma.

ANT-BEAR Ant"-bear`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edentate animal of tropical America (the Tamanoir), living on ants. It belongs to the genus Myrmecophaga.

ANT BIRD Ant" bird, (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ant bird, under Ant, n.

ANT-CATTLE Ant"-cat`tle, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Various kinds of plant lice or aphids tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete. See Aphips.

ANT COW Ant cow. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aphid from which ants obtain honeydew.

ANTE- An"te-.

Defn: A Latin preposition and prefix; akin to Gr. anti, Goth. and-, anda- (only in comp.), AS. and-, ond-, (only in comp.: cf. Answer, Along), G. ant-, ent- (in comp.). The Latin ante is generally used in the sense of before, in regard to position, order, or time, and the Gr. opposite, or in the place of.

ANTE An"te, n. (Poker Playing)

Defn: Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before (ante) the game begins.

ANTE An"te, v. t. & i.

Defn: To put up (an ante).

ANTEACT An"te*act`, n.

Defn: A preceding act.

ANTEAL An"te*al, a. Etym: [antea, ante, before. Cf. Ancient.]

Defn: Being before, or in front. [R.] J. Fleming.

ANT-EATER Ant"-eat`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of edentates and monotremes that feed upon ants. See Ant-bear, Pangolin, Aard-vark, and Echidna.

ANTECEDANEOUS An`te*ce*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Antecede.]

Defn: Antecedent; preceding in time. "Capable of antecedaneous proof." Barrow.

ANTECEDE An`te*cede", v. t. & i. Etym: [L. antecedere; ante + cedere to go. See Cede.]

Defn: To go before in time or place; to precede; to surpass. Sir M. Hale.

ANTECEDENCE An`te*ced"ence, n.

1. The act or state of going before in time; precedence. H. Spenser.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: An apparent motion of a planet toward the west; retrogradation.

ANTECEDENCY An`te*ced"en*cy, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being antecedent; priority. Fothherby.

ANTECEDENT An`te*ced"ent, a. Etym: [L. antecedens, -entis, p. pr. of antecedere: cf. F. antécédent.]

1. Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; as, an event antecedent to the Deluge; an antecedent cause.

2. Presumptive; as, an antecedent improbability.

Syn. — Prior; previous; foregoing.

ANTECEDENT An`te*ced"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. antécédent.]

1. That which goes before in time; that which precedes. South. The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has surely its antecedents. Max Miller.

2. One who precedes or goes in front. [Obs.] My antecedent, or my gentleman usher. Massinger.

3. pl.

Defn: The earlier events of one's life; previous principles, conduct, course, history. J. H. Newman. If the troops . . . prove worthy of their antecedents, the victory is surely ours. Gen. G. McClellan.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: The noun to which a relative refers; as, in the sentence "Solomon was the prince who built the temple," prince is the antecedent of who.

5. (Logic) (a) The first or conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; as, If the earth is fixed, the sun must move. (b) The first of the two propositions which constitute an enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal; therefore the king must die.

6. (Math.)

Defn: The first of the two terms of a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In the ratio a:b, a is the antecedent, and b the consequent.

ANTECEDENTLY An`te*ced"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; as, antecedently to conversion. Barrow.

ANTECESSOR An`te*ces"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. antecedere, antecessum. See Antecede, Ancestor.]

1. One who goes before; a predecessor. The successor seldom prosecuting his antecessor's devices. Sir E. Sandys.

2. An ancestor; a progenitor. [Obs.]

ANTECHAMBER An"te*cham`ber, n. Etym: [Cf. F. antichambre.]

1. A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See Lobby.

2. A space viewed as the outer chamber or the entrance to an interior part. The mouth, the antechamber to the digestive canal. Todd & Bowman.

ANTECHAPEL An"te*chap`el, n.

Defn: The outer part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel. Shipley.

ANTECHOIR An"te*choir`, n. (Arch.) (a) A space inclosed or reserved at the entrance to the choir, for the clergy and choristers. (b) Where a choir is divided, as in some Spanish churches, that division of it which is the farther from the sanctuary.

ANTECIANS An*te"cians, n. pl.

Defn: See Ant.

ANTECOMMUNION An`te*com*mun"ion, n.

Defn: A name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.

ANTECURSOR An`te*cur"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. antecurrere to run before; ante + currere to run.]

Defn: A forerunner; a precursor. [Obs.]

ANTEDATE An"te*date`, n.

1. Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual date.

2. Anticipation. [Obs.] Donne.

ANTEDATE An"te*date`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antedated; p. pr. & vb. n. Antedating.]

1. To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date; thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to give it a date anterior to the true time of its execution.

2. To precede in time.

3. To anticipate; to make before the true time. And antedate the bliss above. Pope. Who rather rose the day to antedate. Wordsworth.

ANTEDILUVIAL An`te*di*lu"vi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ante- + diluvial.]

Defn: Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.

ANTEDILUVIAN An`te*di*lu"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence, antiquated; as, an antediluvian vehicle. — n.

Defn: One who lived before the Deluge.

ANTEFACT An"te*fact`, n.

Defn: Something done before another act. [Obs.]

ANTEFIX An"te*fix`, n.; pl. E. Antefixes; L. Antefixa. Etym: [L. ante + fixus fixed.] (Arch.) (a) An ornament fixed upon a frieze. (b) An ornament at the eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof. (c) An ornament of the cymatium of a classic cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water.

ANTEFLEXION An`te*flex"ion, n. (Med.)

Defn: A displacement forward of an organ, esp. the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon itself. T. G. Thomas.

ANT EGG Ant" egg`.

Defn: One of the small white egg-shaped pupæ or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.

ANTELOPE An"te*lope, n. Etym: [OF. antelop, F. antilope, fro Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat. The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many species in Africa and Asia. The antelope and wolf both fierce and fell. Spenser.

Note: The common or bezoar antelope of India is Antilope bezoartica. The chamois of the Alps, the gazelle, the addax, and the eland are other species. See Gazelle. The pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra Americana) is found in the Rocky Mountains. See Pronghorn.

ANTELUCAN An`te*lu"can, a. Etym: [L. antelucanus; ante + lux light.]

Defn: Held or being before light; — a word applied to assemblies of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the morning. "Antelucan worship." De Quincey.

ANTEMERIDIAN An`te*me*rid"i*an, a. Etym: [L. antemeridianus; ante + meridianus belonging to midday or noon. See Meridian.]

Defn: Being before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev. a. m.)

ANTEMETIC Ant`e*met"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + emetic.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending to check vomiting. — n.

Defn: A remedy to check or allay vomiting.

ANTE MORTEM An`te mor"tem. [L.]

Defn: Before death; — generally used adjectivelly; as, an ante- mortem statement; ante-mortem examination.

The ante-mortem statement, or dying declaration made in view of death, by one injured, as to the cause and manner of the injury, is often receivable in evidence against one charged with causing the death.

ANTEMOSAIC An`te*mo*sa"ic, a.

Defn: Being before the time of Moses.

ANTEMUNDANE An`te*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being or occurring before the creation of the world. Young.

ANTEMURAL An`te*mu"ral, n. Etym: [L. antemurale: ante + murus wall. See Mural.]

Defn: An outwork of a strong, high wall, with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for defending the entrance.

ANTENATAL An`te*na"tal, a.

Defn: Before birth. Shelley.

ANTENICENE An`te*ni"cene, a. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Of or in the Christian church or era, anterior to the first council of Nice, held a. d. 325; as, antenicene faith.

ANTENNA An*ten"na, n.; pl. Antennæ. Etym: [L. antenna sail-yard; NL., a feeler, horn of an insect.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A movable, articulated organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint. In insects, they are popularly called horns, and also feelers. The term in also applied to similar organs on the heads of other arthropods and of annelids.

ANTENNAL An*ten"nal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the antennæ. Owen.

ANTENNIFEROUS An`ten*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Antenna + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing or having antennæ.

ANTENNIFORM An*ten"ni*form, a. Etym: [Antenna + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like antennæ.

ANTENNULE An*ten"nule, n. Etym: [Dim. of antenna.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small antenna; — applied to the smaller pair of antennæ or feelers of Crustacea.

ANTENUMBER An`te*num"ber, n.

Defn: A number that precedes another. [R.] Bacon.

ANTENUPTIAL An`te*nup"tial, a.

Defn: Preceding marriage; as, an antenuptial agreement. Kent.

ANTEORBITAL An`te*or"bit*al, a. & n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Antorbital.

ANTEPASCHAL An`te*pas"chal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before Easter.

ANTEPAST An"te*past, n. Etym: [Pref. ante- + L. pastus pasture, food. Cf. Repast.]

Defn: A foretaste. Antepasts of joy and comforts. Jer. Taylor.

ANTEPENDIUM An`te*pen"di*um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ante + pendere to hang.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The hangings or screen in front of the altar; an altar cloth; the frontal. Smollett.

ANTEPENULT; ANTEPENULTIMA An`te*pe"nult, An`te*pe*nult"i*ma, n. Etym: [L. antepaenultima (sc. syllaba) antepenultimate; ante before + paenultimus the last but one; paene almost + ultimus last.] (Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable of a word except two, as -syl in monosyllable.

ANTEPENULTIMATE An`te*pe*nult"i*mate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the last syllable but two. — n.

Defn: The antepenult.

ANTEPHIALTIC Ant`eph*i*al"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against nightmare. — n.

Defn: A remedy nightmare. Dunglison.

ANTEPILEPTIC Ant`ep*i*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + epileptic.] (Med.)

Defn: Good against epilepsy. — n.

Defn: A medicine for epilepsy.

ANTEPONE An"te*pone, v. t. Etym: [L. anteponere.]

Defn: To put before; to prefer. [Obs.] Bailey.

ANTEPORT An"te*port, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. anteporta.]

Defn: An outer port, gate, or door.

ANTEPORTICO An`te*por"ti*co, n.

Defn: An outer porch or vestibule.

ANTEPOSITION An`te*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. antepositio. See Position.] (Gram.)

Defn: The placing of a before another, which, by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.

ANTEPRANDIAL An`te*pran"di*al, a.

Defn: Preceding dinner.

ANTEPREDICAMENT An`te*pre*dic"a*ment, n. (Logic)

Defn: A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common terms. Chambers.

ANTERIOR An*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L. anterior, comp. of ante before.]

1. Before in time; antecedent. Antigonus, who was anterior to Polybius. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Before, or toward the front, in place; as, the anterior part of the mouth; — opposed to posterior.

Note: In comparative anatomy, anterior often signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy it is often used for ventral.

Syn. — Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former; foregoing.

ANTERIORITY An*te`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. anterioritas.]

Defn: The state of being anterior or preceding in time or in situation; priority. Pope.

ANTERIORLY An*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anterior manner; before.

ANTERO- An"te*ro-.

Defn: A combining form meaning anterior, front; as, antero-posterior, front and back; antero-lateral, front side, anterior and at the side.

ANTEROOM An"te*room, n.

Defn: A room before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room.

ANTES; ANTAE An"tes, n. pl. Antæ.

Defn: See Anta.

ANTESTATURE An`te*stat"ure, n. (Fort.)

Defn: A small intrenchment or work of palisades, or of sacks of earth.

ANTESTOMACH An"te*stom`ach, n.

Defn: A cavity which leads into the stomach, as in birds. Ray.

ANTETEMPLE An"te*tem`ple, n.

Defn: The portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.

ANTEVERSION An`te*ver"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. ante- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.] (Med.)

Defn: A displacement of an organ, esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is directed further forward than usual.

ANTEVERT An`te*vert", v. t. Etym: [L. antevertere; ante + vertere to turn.]

1. To prevent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To displace by anteversion.

ANTHELION Ant*hel"ion, n.; pl. Anthelia. Etym: [Pref. anti + Gr. (Meteor.)

Defn: A halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a cloud or on an opposite fog bank.

ANTHELIX Ant"he*lix, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Antihelix.

ANTHELMINTIC An"thel*min"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against intestinal worms. — An anthelmintic remedy. [Written also anthelminthic.]

ANTHEM An"them, n. Etym: [OE. antym, antefne, AS. antefen, fr. LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. anthaine, anteine, antieune, F. antienne. See Antiphon.]

1. Formerly, a hymn sung in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to sacred music.

2. A song or hymn of praise. Milton.

ANTHEM An"them, v. t.

Defn: To celebrate with anthems. [Poet.] Sweet birds antheming the morn. Keats.

ANTHEMION An*the"mi*on, Etym: [ fr. Gr.

Defn: A floral ornament. See Palmette.

ANTHEMIS An"the*mis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Chamomile; a genus of composite, herbaceous plants.

ANTHEMWISE An"them*wise`, adv.

Defn: Alternately. [Obs.] Bacon.

ANTHER An"ther, n. Etym: [F. anthère, L. anthera a medicine composed of flowers, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of the stamen containing the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the ovary. — An"ther*al, a.

ANTHERIDIUM An`ther*id"i*um, n.; pl. Anthplwidia. Etym: [Anther + (Bot.)

Defn: The male reproductive apparatus in the lower, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which spermatozoids are produced; — called also spermary. — An`ther*id"i*al, a.

ANTHERIFEROUS An`ther*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Anther + -ferous.] (Bot.) (a) Producing anthers, as plants. (b) Supporting anthers, as a part of a flower. Gray.

ANTHERIFORM An*ther"i*form, a. Etym: [Anther + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like an anther; anther-shaped.

ANTHEROGENOUS An`ther*og"e*nous, a. Etym: [Anther + -genous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Transformed from anthers, as the petals of a double flower.

ANTHEROID An"ther*oid, a. Etym: [Anther + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling an anther.

ANTHEROZOID; ANTHEROZOOID An`ther*o*zoid, An`ther*o*zoo"id, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid. See Zooid.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the mobile male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.

ANTHESIS An*the"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The period or state of full expansion in a flower. Gray.

ANT-HILL Ant"-hill, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mound thrown up by ants or by termites in forming their nests.

ANTHOBIAN An*tho"bi*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beetle which feeds on flowers.

ANTHOBRANCHIA An`tho*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca, in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior part of the back. See Nudibranchiata, and Doris.

ANTHOCARPOUS An`tho*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having some portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the pineapple.

ANTHOCYANIN An`tho*cy"a*nin, n.

Defn: Same as Anthokyan.

ANTHODIUM An*tho"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head.

ANTHOGRAPHY An*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of flowers.

ANTHOID An"thoid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a flower; flowerlike.

ANTHOKYAN An`tho*ky"an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The blue coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as Cyanin.

ANTHOLITE An"tho*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant, like a petrified flower.

ANTHOLOGICAL An`tho*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts from different authors, especially the poets. He published a geographical and anthological description of all empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial globe. Wood.

ANTHOLOGIST An*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who compiles an anthology.

ANTHOLOGY An*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A discourses on flowers. [R.]

2. A collection of flowers; a garland. [R.]

3. A collection of flowers of literature, that is, beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams; — particularly applied to a collection of ancient Greek epigrams.

4. (Gr. Ch.)

Defn: A service book containing a selection of pieces for the festival services.

ANTHOMANIA An`tho*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A extravagant fondness for flowers. [R.]

ANTHONY'S FIRE An"tho*ny's Fire`.

Defn: See Saint Anthony's Fire, under Saint.

ANTHOPHAGOUS An*thoph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating flowers; — said of certain insects.

ANTHOPHILOUS An*thoph"i*lous, a. [Gr. 'a`nqos flower + fi`los loving.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lit., fond of flowers; hence, feeding upon, or living among, flowers.

ANTHOPHORE An"tho*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The stipe when developed into an internode between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family. Gray.

ANTHOPHOROUS An*thoph"o*rous, a.

Defn: Flower bearing; supporting the flower.

ANTHOPHYLLITE An*thoph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [NL. anthophyllum clove.]

Defn: A mineral of the hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove brown color. — An`tho*phyl*lit"ic, a.

ANTHORISM An"tho*rism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A description or definition contrary to that which is given by the adverse party. [R.]

ANTHOTAXY An"tho*tax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative position of flowers; inflorescence.

ANTHOZOA An`tho*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class of the Coelenterata which includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups or orders are Acyonaria, Actinaria, and Madreporaria.

ANTHOZOAN An`tho*zo"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Anthozoa. — n.

Defn: One of the Anthozoa.

ANTHOZOIC An"tho*zo"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Anthozoa.

ANTHRACENE An"thra*cene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin. [Written also anthracin.]

ANTHRACENE OIL An"thra*cene oil.

Defn: A heavy green oil (partially solidifying on cooling), which distills over from coal tar at a temperature above 270º. It is the principal source of anthracene.

ANTHRACIC An*thrac"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to anthrax; as, anthracic blood.

ANTHRACIFEROUS An`thra*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Yielding anthracite; as, anthraciferous strata.

ANTHRACITE An"thra*cite, n. Etym: [L. anthracites a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr. Anthrax.]

Defn: A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance coal and blind coal.

ANTHRACITIC An"thra*cit"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, anthracite; as, anthracitic formations.

ANTHRACNOSE An*thrac"nose`, n. [Gr. , , carbuncle + disease.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several fungus diseases, caused by parasitic species of the series Melanconiales, attacking the bean, grape, melon, cotton, and other plants. In the case of the grape, brown concave spots are formed on the stem and fruit, and the disease is called bird's-eye rot.

ANTHRACOID An"thra*coid, a. Etym: [Anthrax + -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling anthrax in action; of the nature of anthrax; as, an anthracoid microbe.

ANTHRACOMANCY An"thra*co*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by inspecting a burning coal.

ANTHRACOMETER An`thra*com"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture.

ANTHRACOMETRIC An`thra*co*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an anthracometer.

ANTHRACONITE An*thra"co*nite, n. Etym: [See Anthracite.] (Min.)

Defn: A coal-black marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; — called also stinkstone and swinestone.

ANTHRACOSIS An`thra*co"sis, n. [NL. See Anthrax.] (Med.)

Defn: A chronic lung disease, common among coal miners, due to the inhalation of coal dust; — called also collier's lung and miner's phthisis.

ANTHRAQUINONE An`thra*qui"none, n. Etym: [Anthracene + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.

ANTHRAX An"thrax, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) (a) A carbuncle. (b) A malignant pustule.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A microscopic, bacterial organism (Bacillus anthracis), resembling transparent rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.]

3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), the spores of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also splenic fever.

ANTHRAX VACCINE An"thrax vac"cine. (Veter.)

Defn: A fluid vaccine obtained by growing a bacterium (Bacterium anthracis) in beef broth. It is used to immunize animals, esp. cattle.

ANTHRENUS An*thre"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common "museum pest" is A. varius; the carpet beetle is A. scrophulariæ. The larvæ are commonly confounded with moths.

ANTHROPIC; ANTHROPICAL An*throp"ic, An*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or related to man; human. [R.] Owen.

ANTHROPIDAE An*throp"i*dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group that includes man only.

ANTHROPOCENTRIC An`thro*po*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Assuming man as the center or ultimate end; — applied to theories of the universe or of any part of it, as the solar system. Draper.

ANTHROPOGENIC An`thro*po*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthropogeny.

ANTHROPOGENY An`thro*pog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science or study of human generation, or the origin and development of man.

ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHY An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*phy, n. [Gr. man + geography.]

Defn: The science of the human species as to geographical distribution and environment. Broadly, it includes industrial, commercial, and political geography, and that part of ethnology which deals with distribution and physical environment. — An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*pher (#), n. — An`thro*po*ge`o*graph"ic*al (#), a.

ANTHROPOGLOT An*throp"o*glot, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the parrot.

ANTHROPOGRAPHY An`thro*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: That branch of anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which treats historically of the origin and filiation of races and nations. P. Cyc.

ANTHROPOID An"thro*poid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling man; — applied especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla. — n.

Defn: An anthropoid ape.

ANTHROPOIDAL An`thro*poid"al, a.

Defn: Anthropoid.

ANTHROPOIDEA An`thro*poid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Anthropoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes, and man.

ANTHROPOLATRY An`thro*pol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Man worship.

ANTHROPOLITE An*throp"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.

ANTHROPOLOGIC; ANTHROPOLOGICAL An`thro*po*log"ic, An`thro*po*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of man. "Anthropologic wisdom." Kingsley. — An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTHROPOLOGIST An`thro*pol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in anthropology.

ANTHROPOLOGY An`thro*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

1. The science of the structure and functions of the human body.

2. The science of man; — sometimes used in a limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural history, or as an animal.

3. That manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute human parts and passions to God.

ANTHROPOMANCY An"thro*po*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by the entrails of human being.

ANTHROPOMETRIC; ANTHROPOMETRICAL An`thro*po*met"ric, An`thro*po*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropometry.

ANTHROPOMETRY An`thro*pom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -mercy.]

Defn: Measurement of the height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc. Dunglison.

ANTHROPOMORPHA An`thro*po*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Anthropomorphism.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The manlike, or anthropoid, apes.

ANTHROPOMORPHIC An`thro*po*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthromorphism. Hadley. — An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly, adv.

ANTHROPOMORPHISM An`thro*po*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The representation of the Deity, or of a polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes and affections.

2. The ascription of human characteristics to things not human.

ANTHROPOMORPHIST An`thro*po*mor"phist, n.

Defn: One who attributes the human form or other human attributes to the Deity or to anything not human.

ANTHROPOMORPHITE An`thro*po*mor"phite, n.

Defn: One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the Deity or to a polytheistic deity. Taylor. Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that God has a human form, etc. Tillotson.

ANTHROPOMORPHITIC An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: to anthropomorphism. Kitto.

ANTHROPOMORPHITISM An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism, n.

Defn: Anthropomorphism. Wordsworth.

ANTHROPOMORPHIZE An`thro*po*mor"phize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To attribute a human form or personality to. You may see imaginative children every day anthropomorphizing. Lowell.

ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGY An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. See Anthropomorphism.]

Defn: The application to God of terms descriptive of human beings.

ANTHROPOMORPHOSIS An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis, n.

Defn: Transformation into the form of a human being.

ANTHROPOMORPHOUS An`thro*po*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; as, an anthromorphous plant. "Anthromorphous apes." Darwin.

ANTHROPONOMICS; ANTHROPONOMY An`thro*po*nom"ics, An`thro*pon"o*my, n. [Gr. man + usage, law, rule.]

Defn: The science of the laws of the development of the human organism in relation to other organisms and to environment. — An`thro*po*nom"ic*al (#), a.

ANTHROPOPATHIC; ANTHROPOPATHICAL An`thro*po*path"ic, An`thro*po*path"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthropopathy. [R.] — An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly, adv. The daring anthropopathic imagery by which the prophets often represent God as chiding, upbraiding, threatening. H. Rogers.

ANTHROPOPATHISM; ANTHROPOPATHY An`thro*pop"a*thism, An`thro*pop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The ascription of human feelings or passions to God, or to a polytheistic deity. In its recoil from the gross anthropopathy of the vulgar notions, it falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy. Hare.

ANTHROPOPATHITE An`thro*pop"a*thite, n.

Defn: One who ascribes human feelings to deity.

ANTHROPOPHAGI An`thro*poph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Man eaters; cannibals. Shak.

ANTHROPOPHAGIC; ANTHROPOPHAGICAL An`thro*po*phag"ic, An`thro*po*phag"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to cannibalism or anthropophagy.

ANTHROPOPHAGINIAN An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an, n.

Defn: One who east human flesh. [Ludicrous] Shak.

ANTHROPOPHAGITE An`thro*poph"a*gite, n.

Defn: A cannibal. W. Taylor.

ANTHROPOPHAGOUS An`thro*poph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.

ANTHROPOPHAGY An`thro*poph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.

ANTHROPOPHUISM An"thro*poph"u*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Human nature. [R.] Gladstone.

ANTHROPOSCOPY An`thro*pos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from a study of his visible features. [R.]

ANTHROPOSOPHY An`thro*pos"o*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Knowledge of the nature of man; hence, human wisdom.

ANTHROPOTOMICAL An`thro*po*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human bodies.

ANTHROPOTOMIST An`thro*pot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.

ANTHROPOTOMY An`thro*pot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of the human body; androtomy. Owen.

ANTHYPNOTIC Ant`hyp*not"ic.

Defn: See Antihypnotic.

ANTHYPOCHONDRIAC Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac, a. & n.

Defn: See Antihypochondriac.

ANTHYSTERIC Ant`hys*ter"ic, a. & n.

Defn: See Antihysteric.

ANTI An"ti. Etym: [Gr. Ante.]

Defn: A prefix meaning against, opposite or opposed to, contrary, or in place of; — used in composition in many English words. It is often shortened to ant-; as, antacid, antarctic.

ANTIAE An"ti*æ, n. pl. Etym: [L., forelock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal points.

ANTIALBUMID An`ti*al*bu"mid, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + -albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion. It is convertible into antipeptone.

ANTIALBUMOSE An`ti*al"bu*mose`, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Albumose.

ANTI-AMERICAN An`ti-A*mer"i*can, a.

Defn: Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to the genius of American institutions. Marshall.

ANTIAPHRODISIAC An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Antaphrodisiac.

ANTIAPOPLECTIC An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antapoplectic.

ANTIAR An"ti*ar, n. Etym: [Jav. antjar.]

Defn: A Virulent poison prepared in Java from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria).

ANTIARIN An`ti*a*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous principle obtained from antiar. Watts.

ANTIASTHMATIC An`ti*asth*mat"ic, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Antasthmatic.

ANTIATTRITION An`ti*at*tri"tion, n.

Defn: Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with some greasy material; antifriction grease.

ANTIBACCHIUS An`ti*bac*chi"us, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Bacchius.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last short.

ANTIBACTERIAL An`ti*bac*te"ri*al, a. (Med.) (a) Inimical to bacteria; — applied esp. to serum for protection against bacterial diseases. (b) Opposed to the bacterial theory of disease.

ANTIBILLOUS An`ti*bil"lous, a.

Defn: Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve biliousness.

ANTIBODY An"ti*bod`y, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Any of various bodies or substances in the blood which act in antagonism to harmful foreign bodies, as toxins or the bacteria producing the toxins. Normal blood serum apparently contains variousantibodies, and the introduction of toxins or of foreign cells also results in the development of their specific antibodies.

ANTIBRACHIAL An`ti*brach"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or forearm.

ANTIBRACHIUM An`ti*brach"i*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the fore limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm.

ANTIBROMIC An`ti*bro"mic, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: An agent that destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.

ANTIBUBONIC An`ti*bu*bon"ic, a.

Defn: Good or used against bubonic plague; as, antibubonic serum, obtained from immunized horses; antibubonic vaccine, a sterilized bouillon culture of the plague bacillus; antibubonic measures.

ANTIBURGHER An`ti*burgh"er, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who seceded from the Burghers (1747), deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath.

ANTIC An"tic, a. Etym: [The same word as antique; cf. It. antico ancient. See Antique.]

1. Old; antique. (Zoöl.)

Defn: "Lords of antic fame." Phaer.

2. Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque; ludicrous. The antic postures of a merry-andrew. Addison. The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some monstrous, all antic for shape. Fuller.

ANTIC An"tic, n.

1. A buffoon or merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of the old play.

2. An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic figure. Woven with antics and wild imagery. Spenser.

3. A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a caper. And fraught with antics as the Indian bird That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage. Wordsworth.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A grotesque representation. [Obs.]

5. An antimask. [Obs. or R.] Performed by knights and ladies of his court In nature of an antic. Ford.

ANTIC An"tic, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticked, Antickt.]

Defn: To make appear like a buffoon. [Obs.] Shak.

ANTIC An"tic, v. i.

Defn: To perform antics.

ANTICATARRHAL An`ti*ca*tarrh`al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious against catarrh. — n.

Defn: An anticatarrhal remedy.

ANTICATHODE An`ti*cath"ode, n. (Phys.)

Defn: The part of a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.

ANTICAUSODIC An`ti*cau*sod"ic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Anticausotic.

ANTICAUSOTIC An`ti*cau*sot"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against an inflammatory fever. — n.

Defn: A remedy for such a fever.

ANTICHAMBER An"ti*cham`ber, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Antechamber.

ANTICHLOR An"ti*chlor, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + chlorine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs after bleaching.

ANTICHRIST An"ti*christ, n. Etym: [L. Antichristus, Gr.

Defn: A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.

ANTICHRISTIAN An`ti*chris"tian, a.

Defn: Opposed to the Christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIANISM; ANTICHRISTIANITY An`ti*chris"tian*ism, An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty, n.

Defn: Opposition or contrariety to the Christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIANLY An`ti*chris"tian*ly, adv.

Defn: In an antichristian manner.

ANTICHRONICAL An`ti*chron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Deviating from the proper order of time. — An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTICHRONISM An*tich"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Deviation from the true order of time; anachronism. [R.] Selden.

ANTICHTHON An*tich"thon, n.; pl. Antichthones. Etym: [Gr.

1. A hypothetical earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun. Grote.

2. pl.

Defn: Inhabitants of opposite hemispheres. Whewell.

ANTICIPANT An*tic"i*pant, a. Etym: [L. anticipans, p. pr. of anticipare.]

Defn: Anticipating; expectant; — with of. Wakening guilt, anticipant of hell. Southey.

ANTICIPATE An*tic"i*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticipated; p. pr. & vb. n. Anticipating.] Etym: [L. anticipatus, p. p. of anticipare to anticipate; ante + capere to make. See Capable.]

1. To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or prevent by prior action. To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose. R. Hall. He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed the executioner had not been anticipated by the populace. Macaulay.

2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; as, the advocate has anticipated a part of his argument.

3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which will be desired.

4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of a visit; to anticipate the evils of life.

Syn. — To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect. — To Anticipate, Expect. These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future event as about to take place. Expect is the stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally, to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, "I did not anticipate a refusal," expresses something less definite and strong than to say, " did not expect it." Still, anticipate is a convenient word to be interchanged with expect in cases where the thought will allow. Good with bad Expect to hear; supernal grace contending With sinfulness of men. Milton. I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness, nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually arrives. Spectator. Timid men were anticipating another civil war. Macaulay.

ANTICIPATION An*tic`i*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. anticipatio: cf. F. anticipation.]

1. The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order. So shall my anticipation prevent your discovery. Shak.

2. Previous view or impression of what is to happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; as, the anticipation of the joys of heaven. The happy anticipation of renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just. Thodey.

3. Hasty notion; intuitive preconception. Many men give themselves up to the first anticipations of their minds. Locke.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The commencing of one or more tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a momentary discord.

Syn. — Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation; antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight; forethought.

ANTICIPATIVE An*tic"i*pa*tive, a.

Defn: Anticipating, or containing anticipation. "Anticipative of the feast to come." Cary. — An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly, adv.

ANTICIPATOR An*tic"i*pa`tor, n.

Defn: One who anticipates.

ANTICIPATORY An*tic"i*pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation. Owen. Here is an anticipatory glance of what was to be. J. C. Shairp.

ANTICIVIC An`ti*civ"ic, n.

Defn: Opposed to citizenship.

ANTICIVISM An`ti*civ"ism, n.

Defn: Opposition to the body politic of citizens. [Obs.] Carlyle.

ANTICLASTIC An`ti*clas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- = Gr.

Defn: Having to opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the surface of a saddle.

ANTICLIMAX An`ti*cli"max, n. (Rhet.)

Defn: A sentence in which the ideas fall, or become less important and striking, at the close; — the opposite of climax. It produces a ridiculous effect. Example: Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war, Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl ANTICLINAL An`ti*cli"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Inclining or dipping in opposite directions. See Synclinal. Anticlinal line, Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line from which strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a roof. — Anticlinal vertebra (Anat.), one of the dorsal vertebræ, which in many animals has an upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring vertebræ are inclined.

ANTICLINAL An`ti*cli"nal, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite directions.

ANTICLINE An"ti*cline, n. [See Anticlinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: A structure of bedded rocks in which the beds on both sides of an axis or axial plane dip away from the axis; an anticlinal.

ANTICLINORIUM An`ti*cli*no"ri*um, n.; pl. Anticlinoria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: The upward elevation of the crust of the earth, resulting from a geanticlinal.

ANTICLY An"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Oddly; grotesquely.

ANTIC-MASK An"tic-mask`, n.

Defn: An antimask. B. Jonson.

ANTICNESS An"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being antic. Ford.

ANTICOHERER An`ti*co*her"er, n. (Wireless Teleg.)

Defn: A device, one form of which consists of a scratched deposit of silver on glass, used in connection with the receiving apparatus for reading wireless signals. The electric waves falling on this contrivance increase its resistance several times. The anticoherer can be used in conjunction with a telephone.

ANTICONSTITUTIONAL An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.

ANTICONTAGIOUS An`ti*con*ta"gious, a. (Med.)

Defn: Opposing or destroying contagion.

ANTICONVULSIVE An`ti*con*vul"sive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against convulsions. J. Floyer.

ANTICOR An"ti*cor, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + L. cor heart; cf. F. antic.] (Far.)

Defn: A dangerous inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the heart.

ANTICOUS An*ti"cous, a. Etym: [L. anticus in front, foremost, fr. ante before.] (Bot.)

Defn: Facing toward the axis of the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily.

ANTICYCLONE An"ti*cy`clone, n. (Meteorol.)

Defn: A movement of the atmosphere opposite in character, as regards direction of the wind and distribution of barometric pressure, to that of a cyclone. — An`ti*cy*clon"ic, a. — An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIDIPHTHERITIC An`ti*diph`the*rit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Destructive to, or hindering the growth of, diphtheria bacilli. — n.

Defn: An antidiphtheritic agent.

ANTIDOTAL An"ti*do`tal(#) a.

Defn: Having the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of poison. Sir T. Browne. — An"ti*do`tal*ly, adv.

ANTIDOTARY An"ti*do`ta*ry, a.

Defn: Antidotal. — n. Antidote; also, a book of antidotes.

ANTIDOTE An"ti*dote, n. Etym: [L. antidotum, Gr. antidote. See Dose, n.]

1. A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; — used with against, for, or to; as, an antidote against, for, or to, poison.

2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.

ANTIDOTE An"ti*dote, v. t.

1. To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote. Nor could Alexander himself . . . antidote . . . the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins. South.

2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote.

ANTIDOTICAL An`ti*dot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Serving as an antidote. — An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIDROMOUS An*tid"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a stem.

ANTIDYSENTERIC An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against dysentery. — n.

Defn: A medicine for dysentery.

ANTIEMETIC An`ti*e*met"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antemetic.

ANTIEPHIALTIC An`ti*eph`i*al"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antephialtic.

ANTIEPILEPTIC An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antepileptic.

ANTIFEBRILE An`ti*fe"brile, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Febrifuge.

ANTIFEBRINE An`ti*feb"rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: Acetanilide.

ANTI-FEDERALIST An`ti-fed"er*al*ist, n.

Defn: One of party opposed to a federative government; — applied particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the constitution of the United States. Pickering.

ANTIFRICTION An`ti*fric"tion, n.

Defn: Something to lessea. Tending to lessen friction.

ANTIGALASTIC An`ti*ga*las"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Causing a diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.

ANTI-GALLICAN An`ti-Gal"li*can, a.

Defn: Opposed to what is Gallic or French.

ANTIGRAPH An"ti*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. antigraphe.]

Defn: A copy or transcript.

ANTIGUGGLER An`ti*gug"gler n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + guggle or gurgle.]

Defn: A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment or causing a gurgling noise.

ANTIHELIX An`ti*he"lix, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The curved elevation of the cartilage of the ear, within or in front of the helix. See Ear.

ANTIHEMORRHAGIC An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to stop hemorrhage. — n.

Defn: A remedy for hemorrhage.

ANTIHYDROPHOBIC An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting or preventing hydrophobia. — n.

Defn: A remedy for hydrophobia.

ANTIHYDROPIC An`ti*hy*drop"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against dropsy. — n.

Defn: A remedy for dropsy.

ANTIHYPNOTIC An`ti*hyp*not"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent sleep. — n.

Defn: An antihypnotic agent.

ANTIHYPOCHONDRIAC An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteractive of hypochondria. — n.

Defn: A remedy for hypochondria.

ANTIHYSTERIC An`ti*hys*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting hysteria. — n.

Defn: A remedy for hysteria.

ANTIICTERIC An`ti*ic*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against jaundice. — n.

Defn: A remedy for jaundice.

ANTI-IMPERIALISM An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ism, n.

Defn: Opposition to imperialism; — applied specif., in the United States, after the Spanish-American war (1898), to the attitude or principles of those opposing territorial expansion; in England, of those, often called Little Englanders, opposing the extension of the empire and the closer relation of its parts, esp. in matters of commerce and imperial defense. — An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. — An`ti- im*pe`ri*al*is"tic (#), a.

ANTILEGOMENA An`ti*le*gom"e*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: Certain books of the New Testament which were for a time not universally received, but which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation. The undisputed books are called the Homologoumena.

ANTILIBRATION An`ti*li*bra"tion, n.

Defn: A balancing; equipoise. [R.] De Quincey.

ANTILITHIC An`ti*lith"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent the formation of urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed. — n.

Defn: An antilithic medicine.

ANTILOGARITHM An`ti*log"a*rithm, n. (Math.)

Defn: The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. — An`ti*log`a*rith"mic, a.

ANTILOGOUS An*til"o*gous, a.

Defn: Of the contrary name or character; — opposed to analogous. Antilogous pole (Eccl.), that pole of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when heated.

ANTILOGY An*til"o*gy, n.; pl. Antilogies. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contradiction between any words or passages in an author. Sir W. Hamilton.

ANTILOIMIC An`ti*loi"mic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy against the plague. Brande & C.

ANTILOPINE An*til"o*pine, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the antelope.

ANTILOQUIST An*til"o*quist, n.

Defn: A contradicter. [Obs.]

ANTILOQUY An*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + L. loqui to speak.]

Defn: Contradiction. [Obs.]

ANTILYSSIC An`ti*lys"sic, a. & n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Antihydrophobic.

ANTIMACASSAR An`ti*ma*cas"sar, n.

Defn: A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the hair.

ANTIMAGISTRICAL An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + magistrical for magistratical.]

Defn: Opposed to the office or authority of magistrates. [Obs.] South.

ANTIMALARIAL An`ti*ma*la"ri*al, a.

Defn: Good against malaria.

ANTIMASK An"ti*mask`, n.

Defn: A secondary mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious mask. [Written also anue.] Bacon.

ANTIMASON An`ti*ma"son, n.

Defn: One opposed to Freemasonry. — An`ti*ma*son"ic, a.

ANTIMASONRY An`ti*ma"son*ry, n.

Defn: Opposition to Freemasonry.

ANTIMEPHITIC An`ti*me*phit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against mephitic or deletplwious gases. — n.

Defn: A remedy against mephitic gases. Dunglison.

ANTIMERE An"ti*mere, n. Etym: [. anti- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals; one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and plants.

ANTIMETABOLE An`ti*me*tab"o*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed order.

ANTIMETATHESIS An`ti*me*tath"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse order.

ANTIMETER An*tim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A modification of the quadrant, for measuring small angles. [Obs.]

ANTIMONARCHIC; ANTIMONARCHICAL An`ti*mo*nar"chic, An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al,

Defn: Opposed to monarchial government. Bp. Benson. Addison.

ANTIMONARCHIST An`ti*mon"arch*ist, n.

Defn: An enemy to monarchial government.

ANTIMONATE An`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of antimonic acid with a base or basic radical. [Written also antimoniate.]

ANTIMONIAL An`ti*mo"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to antimony. — n. (Med.)

Defn: A preparation or medicine containing antimony. Antimonial powder, a consisting of one part oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; — also called James's powder.

ANTIMONIATED An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted, a.

Defn: Combined or prepared with antimony; as, antimoniated tartar.

ANTIMONIC An`ti*mon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; — said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has its highest equivalence; as, antimonic acid.

ANTIMONIOUS An`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; — said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has an equivalence next lower than the highest; as, antimonious acid.

ANTIMONITE An"ti*mo*nite`, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of antimonious acid and a base or basic radical.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Stibnite.

ANTIMONIURETED An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with or containing antimony; as, antimoniureted hydrogen. [Written also antimoniuretted.]

ANTIMONSOON An"ti*mon*soon", n. (Meteor.)

Defn: The upper, contrary-moving current of the atmosphere over a monsoon.

ANTIMONY An"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [LL. antimonium, of unknown origin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance, resembling a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.

Note: It is of tin-white color, brittle, laminated or crystalline, fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low temperature. It is used in some metallic alloys, as type metal and bell metal, and also for medical preparations, which are in general emetics or cathartics. By ancient writers, and some moderns, the term is applied to native gray ore of antimony, or stibnite (the stibium of the Romans, and the Cervantite, senarmontite, and valentinite are native oxides of antimony.

ANTINATIONAL An`ti*na"tion*al, a.

Defn: Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national government.

ANTINEPHRITIC An`ti*ne*phrit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting, or deemed of use in, diseases of the kidneys. — n.

Defn: An antinephritic remedy.

ANTINOMIAN An`ti*no"mi*an, a. Etym: [See Antimony.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is obligatory.

ANTINOMIAN An`ti*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535. Mosheim.

ANTINOMIANISM An`ti*no"mi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets or practice of Antinomians. South.

ANTINOMIST An*tin"o*mist, n.

Defn: An Antinomian. [R.] Bp. Sanderson.

ANTINOMY An*tin"o*my, n.; pl. Antinomies. Etym: [L. antinomia, Gr.

1. Opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule. Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite doctrines. In some instances this apparent antinomy is doubtful. De Quincey.

2. An opposing law or rule of any kind. As it were by his own antinomy, or counterstatute. Milton.

3. (Metaph.)

Defn: A contradiction or incompatibility of thought or language; — in the Kantian philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of experience.

ANTIOCHIAN An`ti*o"chi*an, a.

1. Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the founder of a sect of philosophers.

2. Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in Syria. Antiochian epoch (Chron.), a method of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia, B.C. 48.

ANTIODONTALGIC An`ti*o`don*tal"gic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious in curing toothache. — n.

Defn: A remedy for toothache.

ANTIORGASTIC An`ti*or*gas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to allay venereal excitement or desire; sedative.

ANTIPAPAL An`ti*pa"pal, a.

Defn: Opposed to the pope or to popery. Milton.

ANTIPARALLEL An`ti*par"al*lel, a.

Defn: Running in a contrary direction. Hammond.

ANTIPARALLELS An`ti*par"al*lels, n. pl. (Geom.)

Defn: Straight lines or planes which make angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by parallel lines or planes.

ANTIPARALYTIC An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against paralysis. — n.

Defn: A medicine for paralysis.

ANTIPARALYTICAL An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al, a.

Defn: Antiparalytic.

ANTIPASCH An"ti*pasch, n. [Pref. anti-+ pasch.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.

ANTIPATHETIC; ANTIPATHETICAL An`ti*pa*thet"ic, An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to a thing; characterized by antipathy; — often followed by to. Fuller.

ANTIPATHIC An`ti*path"ic, a. Etym: [NL. antipathicus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Belonging to antipathy; opposite; contrary; allopathic.

ANTIPATHIST An*tip"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who has an antipathy. [R.] "Antipathist of light." Coleridge.

ANTIPATHIZE An*tip"a*thize, v. i.

Defn: To feel or show antipathy. [R.]

ANTIPATHOUS An*tip"a*thous, a.

Defn: Having a natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

ANTIPATHY An*tip"a*thy, n.; pl. Antipathies. Etym: [L. antipathia, Gr. antipathie. See Pathos.]

1. Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or dislike; repugnance; distaste. Inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided. Washington.

2. Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of qualities; as, oil and water have antipathy. A habit is generated of thinking that a natural antipathy exists between hope and reason. I. Taylor.

Note: Any is opposed to sympathy. It is followed by to, against, or between; also sometimes by for.

Syn. — Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste; enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See Dislike.

ANTIPEPTONE An`ti*pep"tone, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic juice.

ANTIPERIODIC An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy possessing the property of preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of disease, as in intermittent fevers.

ANTIPERISTALTIC An`ti*per`i*stal"tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Opposed to, or checking motion; acting upward; — applied to an inverted action of the intestinal tube.

ANTIPERISTASIS An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposition by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite principle or quality.

ANTIPERISTATIC An`ti*per`i*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to antiperistasis.

ANTIPETALOUS An`ti*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing before a petal, as a stamen.

ANTIPHARMIC An`ti*phar"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Antidotal; alexipharmic.

ANTIPHLOGISTIAN An`ti*phlo*gis"tian, n.

Defn: An opposer of the theory of phlogiston.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, a.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting inflammation.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Any medicine or diet which tends to check inflammation. Coxe.

ANTIPHON An"ti*phon, n. Etym: [LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. Anthem.]

1. A musical response; alternate singing or chanting. See Antiphony, and Antiphone.

2. A verse said before and after the psalms. Shipley.

ANTIPHONAL An*tiph"o*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately by a divided choir or opposite choirs. Wheatly. — An*tiph"o*nal*ly, adv.

ANTIPHONAL An*tiph"o*nal, n.

Defn: A book of antiphons or anthems.

ANTIPHONARY An*tiph"o*na*ry, n. Etym: [LL. antiphonarium. See Antiphoner.]

Defn: A book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are contained.

ANTIPHONE An"ti*phone, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The response which one side of the choir makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or signing.

ANTIPHONER An*tiph"o*ner, n. Etym: [F. antiphonaire. See Antiphon.]

Defn: A book of antiphons. Chaucer.

ANTIPHONIC An`ti*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Antiphonal.

ANTIPHONY An*tiph"o*ny, n.; pl. Antiphonies. Etym: [See Antiphon.]

1. A musical response; also, antiphonal chanting or signing.

2. An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively. O! never more for me shall winds intone, With all your tops, a vast antiphony. R. Browning.

ANTIPHRASIS An*tiph"ra*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a court of vengeance.

ANTIPHRASTIC; ANTIPHRASTICAL An`ti*phras"tic, An`ti*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to antiphrasis. — An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIPHTHISIC An`ti*phthis"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relieving or curing phthisis, or consumption. — n.

Defn: A medicine for phthisis.

ANTIPHYSICAL An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + physical.]

Defn: Contrary to nature; unnatural.

ANTIPHYSICAL An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Relieving flatulence; carminative.

ANTIPLASTIC An`ti*plas"tic, a.

1. Diminishing plasticity.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Preventing or checking the process of healing, or granulation.

ANTIPODAGRIC An`ti*po*dag"ric, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against gout. — n.

Defn: A medicine for gout.

ANTIPODAL An*tip"o*dal, a.

1. Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side of the globe.

2. Diametrically opposite. His antipodal shadow." Lowell.

ANTIPODE An"ti*pode, n.

Defn: One of the antipodes; anything exactly opposite. In tale or history your beggar is ever the just antipode to your king. Lamb.

Note: The singular, antipode, is exceptional in formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English plural would be ân"tî*podes, the last syllable rhyming with abodes, and this pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is pronounced, after the English method of Latin, ân*tîp"o*dez.

ANTIPODEAN An`ti*po"de*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the world; antipodal.

ANTIPODES An*tip"o*des, n. Etym: [L. pl., fr. Gr.

1. Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.

2. The country of those who live on the opposite side of the globe. Latham.

3. Anything exactly opposite or contrary. Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a more perfect antipodes to all that hath hitherto been gospel Hammond.

ANTIPOLE An"ti*pole, n.

Defn: The opposite pole; anything diametrically opposed. Geo. Eliot.

ANTIPOPE An"ti*pope, n.

Defn: One who is elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at Avignon during the Great Schism.

ANTIPSORIC An`tip*sor"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of use in curing the itch. — n.

Defn: An antipsoric remedy.

ANTIPTOSIS An`tip*to"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The putting of one case for another.

ANTIPUTREFACTIVE; ANTIPUTRESCENT An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive, An`ti*pu*tres"cent, a.

Defn: Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction; antiseptic.

ANTIPYIC An`ti*py"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Checking or preventing suppuration. — n.

Defn: An antipyic medicine.

ANTIPYRESIS An`ti*py*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The condition or state of being free from fever.

ANTIPYRETIC An`ti*py*ret"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious in preventing or allaying fever. — n.

Defn: A febrifuge.

ANTIPYRINE An`ti*py"rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: An artificial alkaloid, believed to be efficient in abating fever.

ANTIPYROTIC An`ti*py*rot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against burns or pyrosis. — n.

Defn: Anything of use in preventing or healing burns or pyrosis.

ANTIQUARIAN An`ti*qua"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Antiquary].

Defn: Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity; as, antiquarian literature.

ANTIQUARIAN An`ti*qua"ri*an, n.

1. An antiquary.

2. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n.

ANTIQUARIANISM An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Character of an antiquary; study or love of antiquities. Warburton.

ANTIQUARIANIZE An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize, v. i.

Defn: To act the part of an antiquary. [Colloq.]

ANTIQUARY An"ti*qua*ry, a. Etym: [L. antiquarius, fr. antiquus ancient. See Antique.]

Defn: Pertaining to antiquity. [R.] "Instructed by the antiquary times." Shak.

ANTIQUARY An"ti*qua*ry, n.; pl. Antiquaries.

Defn: One devoted to the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions, monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins, manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of antiquity.

ANTIQUATE An"ti*quate, v. t. Etym: [L. antiquatus, p. p. of antiquare, fr. antiquus ancient.]

Defn: To make old, or obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate. Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and antiquate or abrogate old one. Sir M. Hale.

ANTIQUATED An"ti*qua`ted, a.

Defn: Grown old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned; as, an antiquated law. "Antiquated words." Dryden. Old Janet, for so he understood his antiquated attendant was denominated. Sir W. Scott.

Syn. — Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See Ancient.

ANTIQUATEDNESS An"ti*qua`ted*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being antiquated.

ANTIQUATENESS An"ti*quate*ness, n.

Defn: Antiquatedness. [Obs.]

ANTIQUATION An`ti*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. antiquatio, fr. antiquare.]

Defn: The act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated. Beaumont.

ANTIQUE An*tique", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. antiquus old, ancient, equiv. to anticus, from ante before. Cf. Antic.]

1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; as, an antique statue. In this sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome. For the antique world excess and pride did hate. Spenser.

2. Old, as respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; as, an antique robe. "Antique words." Spenser.

3. Made in imitation of antiquity; as, the antique style of Thomson's "Castle of Indolence."

4. Odd; fantastic. [In this sense, written antic.]

Syn. — Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned; old. See Ancient.

ANTIQUE An*tique", n. Etym: [F. See Antique, a. ]

Defn: In general, anything very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of ancient art; collectively, the antique, the remains of ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases. Misshapen monuments and maimed antiques. Byron.

ANTIQUELY An*tique"ly, adv.

Defn: In an antique manner.

ANTIQUENESS An*tique"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being antique; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship. We may discover something venerable in the antiqueness of the work. Addison.

ANTIQUIST An"ti*quist, n.

Defn: An antiquary; a collector of antiques. [R.] Pinkerton.

ANTIQUITARIAN An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: An admirer of antiquity.

Note: [Used by Milton in a disparaging sense.] [Obs.]

ANTIQUITY An*tiq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Antiquities. Etym: [L. antiquitas, fr. antiquus: cf. F. antiquité. See Antique.]

1. The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age; as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of great antiquity.

2. Old age. [Obs.] It not your voice broken . . . and every part about you blasted with antiquity Shak.

3. Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of antiquity.

4. The ancients; the people of ancient times. That such pillars were raised by Seth all antiquity has Sir W. Raleigh.

5. An old gentleman. [Obs.] You are a shrewd antiquity, neighbor Clench. B. Jonson.

6. A relic or monument of ancient times; as, a coin, a statue, etc. ; an ancient institution.

Note: [In this sense, usually in the plural.] "Heathen antiquities." Bacon.

ANTIRACHITIC An`ti*ra*chit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against the rickets.

ANTIRENTER An`ti*rent"er, n.

Defn: One opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47 resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New York. — An`ti*rent"ism, n.

ANTISABBATARIAN An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect which opposes the observance of the Christian Sabbath.

ANTISACERDOTAL An`ti*sac`er*do"tal, a.

Defn: Hostile to priests or the priesthood. Waterland.

ANTISCIANS; ANTISCII An*tis"cians, An*tis"ci*i, n. pl. Etym: [L. antiscii, Gr.

Defn: The inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in opposite directions. The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are always Antiscians. Brande & C.

ANTISCOLETIC; ANTISCOLIC An`ti*sco*let"ic, An`ti*scol"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Anthelmintic.

ANTISCORBUTIC An`ti*scor*bu"tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting scurvy. — n.

Defn: A remedy for scurvy.

ANTISCORBUTICAL An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Antiscorbutic.

ANTISCRIPTURAL An`ti*scrip"tur*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy Scriptures.

ANTI-SEMITISM An`ti-Sem"i*tism, n.

Defn: Opposition to, or hatred of, Semites, esp. Jews. — An`ti- Sem"ite (#), n. — An`ti-Sem*it"ic (#), a.

ANTISEPALOUS An`ti*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.

ANTISEPSIS An`ti*sep"sis, n. [NL. See Anti-; Sepsis.]

Defn: Prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms.

ANTISEPTIC; ANTISEPTICAL An`ti*sep"tic, An`ti*sep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent tendency in the system; antiputrefactive. Antiseptic surgery, that system of surgical practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the dressing of wounds.

ANTISEPTIC An`ti*sep"tic, n.

Defn: A substance which prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from, putrefactive organisms; as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol, cinchona.

ANTISEPTICALLY An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of antiseptics.

ANTISIALAGOGUE An`ti*si*al"a*gogue, a. (Med.)

Defn: Checking the flow of saliva.

ANTISIALAGOGUE An`ti*si*al"a*gogue, n.

Defn: A remedy against excessive salivation.

ANTISLAVERY An`ti*slav"er*y, a.

Defn: Opposed to slavery. — n.

Defn: Opposition to slavery.

ANTISOCIAL An`ti*so"cial, a.

Defn: Tending to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or hostile to its existence; as, antisocial principles.

ANTISOCIALIST An`ti*so"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to the doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism.

ANTISOLAR An`ti*so"lar, a.

Defn: Opposite to the sun; — said of the point in the heavens 180º distant from the sun.

ANTISPASMODIC An`ti*spas*mod"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against spasms. — n.

Defn: A medicine which prevents or allays spasms or convulsions.

ANTISPAST An"ti*spast, n. Etym: [L. antispastus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the second and third long.

ANTISPASTIC An`ti*spas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Antispast.] (Med.) (a) Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of humors from one part to another. [Obs.] (b) Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic. — n.

Defn: An antispastic agent.

ANTISPLENETIC An`ti*splen"e*tic (Splenetic, 277), a.

Defn: Good as a remedy against disease of the spleen. — n.

Defn: An antisplenetic medicine.

ANTISTROPHE An*tis"tro*phe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Strophe.]

1. In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly answering to a previous strophe or movement from right to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song. It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in turning from east to west; the other, named antistrophe, in returning from west to east; then they stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last part of the song. Abp. Potter.

2. (Rhet.) (a) The repetition of words in an inverse order; as, the master of the servant and the servant of the master. (b) The retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.

ANTISTROPHIC An`ti*stroph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.

ANTISTROPHON An*tis"tro*phon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An argument retorted on an opponent. Milton.

ANTISTRUMATIC An`ti*stru"mat"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Antistrumous. — n.

Defn: A medicine for scrofula.

ANTISTRUMOUS An`ti*stru"mous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against scrofulous disorders. Johnson. Wiseman.

ANTISYPHILITIC An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious against syphilis. — n.

Defn: A medicine for syphilis.

ANTITHEISM An`ti*the"ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of antitheists. — An`ti*the*is"tic, a.

ANTITHEIST An`ti*the"ist, n.

Defn: A disbeliever in the existence of God.

ANTITHESIS An*tith"e*sis, n.; pl. Antitheses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Thesis.]

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: An opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the same sentence; as, "The prodigal robs his heir; the miser robs himself." "He had covertly shot at Cromwell; he how openly aimed at the Queen."

2. The second of two clauses forming an antithesis.

3. Opposition; contrast.

ANTITHET An"ti*thet, n. Etym: [L. antitheton, fr. Gr.

Defn: An antithetic or contrasted statement. Bacon.

ANTITHETIC; ANTITHETICAL An`ti*thet"ic, An`ti*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.

ANTITHETICALLY An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way antithesis.

ANTITOXIN; ANTITOXINE An`ti*tox"in, An`ti*tox"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + toxin.]

Defn: A substance (sometimes the product of a specific micro-organism and sometimes naturally present in the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects of pathogenic bacteria.

ANTI-TRADE An"ti-trade`, n.

Defn: A tropical wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade wind.

ANTITRAGUS An*tit"ra*gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A prominence on the lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear, opposite the tragus. See Ear.

ANTITROCHANTER An`ti*tro*chan"ter, n. (Anat.)

Defn: An articular surface on the ilium of birds against which the great trochanter of the femur plays.

ANTITROPAL; ANTITROPOUS An*tit"ro*pal, An*tit"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: At the extremity most remote from the hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as the radicle. Lindley.

ANTITYPAL An"ti*ty`pal, a.

Defn: Antitypical. [R.]

ANTITYPE An"ti*type, n. Etym: [Gr. Type.]

Defn: That of which the type pattern or representation; that which is represented by the type or symbol.

ANTITYPICAL An`ti*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type. — An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTITYPOUS An*tit"y*pous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Resisting blows; hard. [Obs.] Cudworth.

ANTITYPY An*tit"y*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposition or resistance of matter to force. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

ANTIVACCINATION An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion, n.

Defn: Opposition to vaccination. London Times.

ANTIVACCINATIONIST An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An antivaccinist.

ANTIVACCINIST An`ti*vac"ci*nist, n.

Defn: One opposed to vaccination.

ANTIVARIOLOUS An`ti*va*ri"o*lous, a.

Defn: Preventing the contagion of smallpox.

ANTIVENEREAL An`ti*ve*ne"re*al, a.

Defn: Good against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.

ANTIVENIN An`ti*ve"nin, n. [Written also antivenen, antivenine.] [Pref. anti- + L. venenum poison.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The serum of blood rendered antitoxic to a venom by repeated injections of small doses of the venom.

ANTIVIVISECTION An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion, n.

Defn: Opposition to vivisection.

ANTIVIVISECTIONIST An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to vivisection

ANTIZYMIC An`ti*zym"ic, a.

Defn: Preventing fermentation.

ANTIZYMOTIC An`ti*zy*mot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Preventing fermentation or decomposition. — n.

Defn: An agent so used.

ANTLER Ant"ler, n. Etym: [OE. auntelere, OF. antoillier, andoiller, endouiller, fr. F. andouiller, fr. an assumed LL. antocularis, fr. L. ante before + oculus eye. See Ocular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a stag. Huge stags with sixteen antlers. Macaulay.

Note: The branch next to the head is called the brow antler, and the branch next above, the bez antler, or bay antler. The main stem is the beam, and the branches are often called tynes. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See Velvet. Antler moth (Zoöl.), a destructive European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which devastates grass lands.

ANTLERED Ant"lered, a.

Defn: Furnished with antlers. The antlered stag. Cowper.

ANTLIA Ant"li*a, n.; pl. Antilæ. Etym: [L., a pump, Gr, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spiral tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See Lepidoptera.

ANT-LION Ant"-li`on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropterous insect, the larva of which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The common American species is Myrmeleon obsoletus, the European is M. formicarius.

ANTOECI; ANTOECIANS An*toe"ci, An*toe"*cians, n. pl. Etym: [NL. antoeci, fr. Gr. pl.

Defn: Those who live under the same meridian, but on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the equator.

ANTONOMASIA An`to*no*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of some epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when his majesty is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say, the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a Solomon, or an eminent orator a Cicero.

ANTONOMASTIC An`to*no*mas"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia. — An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly, adv.

ANTONOMASY An*ton"o*ma*sy, n.

Defn: Antonomasia.

ANTONYM An"to*nym, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; — used as a correlative of synonym. [R.] C. J. Smith.

ANTORBITAL Ant*or"bit*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + orbital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of the orbit. — n.

Defn: The antorbital bone.

ANTORGASTIC Ant`or*gas"tic, a.

Defn: See Antiorgastic.

ANTOZONE Ant*o"zone, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + ozone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen, but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; — so called because apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary oxygen.

ANTRAL An"tral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to an antrum.

ANTRE An"tre, n. Etym: [F. antre, L. antrum, fr. Gr.

Defn: A cavern. [Obs.] Shak.

ANTRORSE An*trorse", a. Etym: [From L. ante + versun turned; apparently formed in imitation of re.] (Bot.)

Defn: Forward or upward in direction. Gray.

ANTROVERT An`tro*vert", v. t.

Defn: To bend forward. [R.] Owen.

ANTRUM An"trum, n.; pl. Antra. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or sinus. Huxley.

ANTRUSTION An*trus"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. antrustio.]

Defn: A vassal or voluntary follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises.

ANT THRUSH Ant" thrush`. (Zoöl.) (a) One of several species of tropical birds, of the Old World, of the genus Pitta, somewhat resembling the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants. (b) See Ant bird, under Ant.

ANUBIS 'd8A*nu"bis, n. Etym: [L.] (Myth.)

Defn: An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of a dog or fox.

ANURA A*nu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Written also anoura.]

ANUROUS A*nu"rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Also written anourous.]

ANURY An"u*ry, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Nonsecretion or defective secretion of urine; ischury.

ANUS A"nus, n. Etym: [L., prob. for asnus: cf. Gr. as.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are expelled.

ANVIL An"vil, n. Etym: [OE. anvelt, anfelt, anefelt, AS. anfilt, onfilt; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. anafalz, D. aanbeld.]

1. An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon which metals are hammered and shaped.

2. Anything resembling an anvil in shape or use. Specifically (Anat.),

Defn: the incus. See Incus. To be on the anvil, to be in a state of discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured. Swift.

ANVIL An"vil, v. t.

Defn: To form or shape on an anvil; to hammer out; as, anviled armor. Beau. & Fl.

ANXIETUDE Anx*i"e*tude, n. Etym: [L. anxietudo.]

Defn: The state of being anxious; anxiety. [R.]

ANXIETY Anx*i"e*ty, n.; pl. Anxieties. Etym: [L. anxietas, fr. anxius: cf. F. anxiété. See Anxious.]

1. Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o

2. Eager desire. J. D. Forbes

3. (Med.)

Defn: A state of restlessness and agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium. Dunglison.

Syn. — Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness; perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension; restlessness. See Care.

ANXIOUS Anx"ious, a. Etym: [L. anxius, fr. angere to cause pain, choke; akin to Gr. Anger.]

1. Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful suspense; — applied to persons; as, anxious for the issue of a battle.

2. Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying; — applied to things; as, anxious labor. The sweet of life, from which God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares. Milton.

3. Earnestly desirous; as, anxious to please. He sneers alike at those who are anxious to preserve and at those who are eager for reform. Macaulay.

Note: Anxious is followed by for, about, concerning, etc., before the object of solicitude.

Syn. — Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless; concerned; disturbed; watchful.

ANXIOUSLY Anx"ious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anxious manner; with painful uncertainty; solicitously.

ANXIOUSNESS Anx"ious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.

ANY A"ny, a. & pron. Etym: [OE. æni, æni, eni, ani, oni, AS. ænig, fr. an one. It is akin to OS. enig, OHG. einic, G. einig, D. eenig. See One.]

1. One indifferently, out of an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever it may be.

Note: Any is often used in denying or asserting without limitation; as, this thing ought not be done at any time; I ask any one to answer my question. No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son. Matt. xi. 27.

2. Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as, are there any witnesses present are there any other houses like it "Who will show us any good" Ps. iv. 6.

Note: It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone; (pl.) any persons. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . . . and it shall be given him. Jas. i. 5. That if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. Acts ix. 2. At any rate, In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.

ANY A"ny, adv.

Defn: To any extent; in any degree; at all. You are not to go loose any longer. Shak. Before you go any farther. Steele.

ANYBODY A"ny*bod*y, n.

1. Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any person. His Majesty could not keep any secret from anybody. Macaulay.

2. A person of consideration or standing. [Colloq.] All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or anybody in the list. Lond. Sat. Rev.

ANYHOW A"ny*how`, adv.

Defn: In any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event. Anyhow, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple selforiginated error. J. H. Newman. Anyhow, the languages of the two nations were closely allied. E. A. Freeman.

ANYONE A"ny*one, n.

Defn: One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody.

Note: [Commonly written as two words.]

ANYTHING A"ny*thing, n.

1. Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of any kind; something or other; aught; as, I would not do it for anything. Did you ever know of anything so unlucky A. Trollope. They do not know that anything is amiss with them. W. G. Sumner.

2. Expressing an indefinite comparison; — with as or like. [Colloq. or Lowx] I fear your girl will grow as proud as anything. Richardson.

Note: Any thing, written as two words, is now commonly used in contradistinction to any person or anybody. Formerly it was also separated when used in the wider sense. "Necessity drove them to undertake any thing and venture any thing." De Foe. Anything but, not at all or in any respect. "The battle was a rare one, and the victory anything but secure." Hawthorne. — Anything like, in any respect; at all; as, I can not give anything like a fair sketch of his trials.

ANYTHING A"ny*thing, adv.

Defn: In any measure; anywise; at all. Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . . . anything at all quailed. Robynson (More's Utopia).

ANYTHINGARIAN A`ny*thing*a"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to no particular creed or dogma.

ANYWAY; ANYWAYS A"ny*way, A"ny*ways, adv.

Defn: Anywise; at all. Tennyson. Southey.

ANYWHERE A"ny*where, adv.

Defn: In any place. Udall.

ANYWHITHER A"ny*whith`er, adv.

Defn: To or towards any place. [Archaic] De Foe.

ANYWISE A"ny*wise, adv.

Defn: In any wise or way; at all. "Anywise essential." Burke.

AONIAN A*o"ni*an, a. Etym: [From Aonia, a part of Boeotia, in Greece.]

Defn: Pertaining to Aonia, Boeotia, or to the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there. Aonian fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the Muses.

AORIST A"o*rist, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.

AORISTIC A`o*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist tense.

AORTA A*or"ta, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

Note: In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the aortic arches) which pass in pairs round the oesophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.

AORTIC A*or"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the aorta.

AORTITIS A`or*ti"tis, n. Etym: [Aorta + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the aorta.

AOUDAD A"ou*dad, n. Etym: [The Moorish name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African sheeplike quadruped (the Ammotragus tragelaphus) having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps, the chamois of the Old Testament.

APACE A*pace", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.]

Defn: With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. His dewy locks did drop with brine apace. Spenser. A visible triumph of the gospel drawapace. I. Taylor.

APACHES A*pa"ches, n. pl.; sing. Apache. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A group of nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc.

APAGOGE Ap`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Gr. (Logic)

Defn: An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

APAGOGIC; APAGOGICAL Ap`a*gog"ic, Ap`a*gog"ic*al, a.

Defn: Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary. Bp. Berkeley.

APAID A*paid", a.

Defn: Paid; pleased. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APAIR A*pair", v. t. & i.

Defn: To impair or become impaired; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APALACHIAN Ap`a*la"chi*an, a.

Defn: See Appalachian.

APANAGE Ap"an*age, n.

Defn: Same as Appanage.

APANTHROPY A*pan"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.

APAR; APARA A"par, A"pa*ra, n. Etym: [Native name apara.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mataco.

APAREJO A`pa*re"jo, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A kind of pack saddle used in the American military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.

APARITHMESIS Ap`a*rith"me*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Enumeration of parts or particulars.

APART A*part", adv. Etym: [F. à part; (L. ad) + part part. See Part.]

1. Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside. Others apart sat on a hill retired. Milton. The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself. Ps. iv. 3.

2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of thought; separately; independently; as, consider the two propositions apart.

3. Aside; away. "Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness." Jas. i. 21. Let Pleasure go, put Care apart. Keble.

4. In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; as, to take a piece of machinery apart.

APARTMENT A*part"ment, n. Etym: [F. appartement; cf. It. appartamento, fr. appartare to separate, set apart; all fr. L. ad + pars, partis, part. See Apart.]

1. A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions. Fielding.

2. A set or suite of rooms. De Quincey.

3. A compartment. [Obs.] Pope.

APARTMENT HOUSE A*part"ment house.

Defn: A building comprising a number of suites designed for separate housekeeping tenements, but having conveniences, such as heat, light, elevator service, etc., furnished in common; — often distinguished in the United States from a flat house.

APARTNESS A*part"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of standing apart.

APASTRON Ap*as"tron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest from its primary.

APATHETIC; APATHETICAL Ap`a*thet"ic, Ap`a*thet"ic*al a. Etym: [See Apathy.]

Defn: Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent.

APATHETICALLY Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apathetic manner.

APATHIST Ap"a*thist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apathiste.]

Defn: One who is destitute of feeling.

APATHISTICAL Ap`a*this"tic*al, a.

Defn: Apathetic; une motional. [R.]

APATHY Ap"a*thy, n.; pl. Apathies. Etym: [L. apathia, Gr. apathie. See Pathos.]

Defn: Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or excitement; dispassion; — applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion. "The apathy of despair." Macaulay. A certain apathy or sluggishness in his nature which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course. Prescott. According to the Stoics, apathy meant the extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason. Fleming.

Note: In the first ages of the church, the Christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns.

Syn. — Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference; unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.

APATITE Ap"a*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent.

APAUME A`pau`mé", n.

Defn: See Appaum.

APE Ape, n. Etym: [AS. apa; akin to D. aap, OHG. affo, G. affe, Icel. api, Sw. apa, Dan. abe, W. epa.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the family Simiadæ, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is applied esp. to species of the genus Hylobates, and is sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called anthropoid apes or man apes.

Note: The ape of the Old Testament was prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms.

2. One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the manners of the ape); a mimic. Byron.

3. A dupe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APE Ape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aped; p. pr. & vb. n. Aping.]

Defn: To mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or irrationally. "How he apes his sire." Addison. The people of England will not ape the fashions they have never tried. Burke.

APEAK A*peak", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + peak. Cf. F. à pic vertically.] (Naut.)

Defn: In a vertical line. The anchor in apeak, when the cable has been sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is them said to be hove apeak. [Spelt also apeek.]

APEHOOD Ape"hood, n.

Defn: The state of being an ape.

APELLOUS A*pel"lous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + L. pellis skin.]

Defn: Destitute of skin. Brande & C.

APENNINE Ap"en*nine, a. Etym: [L. Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or ben, peak, mountain.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy.

APEPSY A*pep"sy, n. Etym: [NL. apepsia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Defective digestion, indigestion. Coxe.

APER Ap"er, n.

Defn: One who apes.

APERCU A`per`çu" (a`pâr`sus"), n.; pl. Aperçus (-sus"). [F., prop. p. p. of apercevoir to perceive.]

1.

Defn: A first view or glance, or the perception or estimation so obtained; an immediate apprehension or insight, appreciative rather than analytic.

The main object being to develop the several aperçus or insights which furnish the method of such psychology. W. T. Harris.

A series of partial and more or less disparate aperçus or outlooks; each for itself a center of experience. James Ward.

2. Hence, a brief or detached view; conspectus; sketch.

APEREA A*pe"re*a, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild Guinea pig of Brazil (Cavia aperea).

APERIENT A*pe"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. aperiens, p. pr. of aperire to uncover, open; ab + parire, parere, to bring forth, produce. Cf. Cover, Overt.] (Med.)

Defn: Gently opening the bowels; laxative. — n.

Defn: An aperient medicine or food. Arbuthnot.

APERITIVE A*per"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. apéritif, fr. L. aperire.]

Defn: Serving to open; aperient. Harvey.

APERT A*pert", a. Etym: [OF. apert, L. apertus, p. p. of aperire. See Aperient, and cf. Pert, a.]

Defn: Open; ev [Archaic] Fotherby.

APERT A*pert", adv.

Defn: Openly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APERTION A*per"tion, n. Etym: [L. apertio.]

Defn: The act of opening; an opening; an aperture. [Archaic] Wiseman.

APERTLY A*pert"ly, adv.

Defn: Openly; clearly. [Archaic]

APERTNESS A*pert"ness, n.

Defn: Openness; frankness. [Archaic]

APERTURE Ap"er*ture, n. Etym: [L. apertura, fr. aperire. See Aperient.]

1. The act of opening. [Obs.]

2. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; as, an aperture in a wall. An aperture between the mountains. Gilpin. The back aperture of the nostrils. Owen.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: The diameter of the exposed part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical instrument; as, a telescope of four-inch aperture.

Note: The aperture of microscopes is often expressed in degrees, called also the angular aperture, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point viewed; as, a microscope of 100º aperture.

APERY Ap"er*y, n.; pl. Aperies.

1. A place where apes are kept. [R.] Kingsley.

2. The practice of aping; an apish action. Coleridge.

APETALOUS A*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See Illust. under Anther].

APETALOUSNESS A*pet"al*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being apetalous.

APEX A"pex, n.; pl. E. Apexes; L. Apices. Etym: [L.]

1. The tip, top, point, or angular summit of anything; as, the apex of a mountain, spire, or cone; the apex, or tip, of a leaf.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The end or edge of a vein nearest the surface. [U.S.] Apex of the earth's motion (Astron.), that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in its orbit.

APHAERESIS A*phær"e*sis, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Apheresis.