G (continued 3)

Defn: Producing gems or buds; (Biol.)

Defn: multiplying by buds.

GEMMIFICATION Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Biol.)

Defn: The production of a bud or gem.

GEMMIFLORATE Gem`mi*flo"rate, a. Etym: [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having flowers like buds.

GEMMINESS Gem"mi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.

GEMMIPARA; GEMMIPARES Gem*mip"a*ra Gem*mip"a*res n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.

GEMMIPARITY Gem`mi*par"i*ty, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding.

GEMMIPAROUS Gem*mip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.

GEMMOSITY Gem*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.]

Defn: The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.] Bailey.

GEMMULATION Gem`mu*la"tion, n. Etym: [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.)

Defn: See Gemmation.

GEMMULE Gem"mule, n. Etym: [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See Gem.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons. (b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive spores of algæ. (d) An ovule.

2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.

GEMMULIFEROUS Gem`mu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gemmule + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.

GEMMY Gem"my, a. Etym: [From Gem, n.]

1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem. The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson.

2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]

GEMOTE Ge*mote", n. Etym: [As. gem an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.)

Defn: A meeting; — used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the wise men.

GEMS Gems, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chamois.

GEMSBOK Gems"bok, n. Etym: [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns.

GEMS-HORN Gems"-horn`, n. Etym: [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.)

Defn: An organ stop with conical tin pipes.

GEMUL Ge*mul", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American deer (Furcifer Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.]

-GEN -gen. Etym: [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -gène.]

1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.

2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.

GENA Ge"na, Etym: [L., the cheek.] (Zoöl.) (a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.

GENAPPE Ge*nappe", n. Etym: [From Genappe, in Belgium.]

Defn: A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. Simmonds.

GENDARME Gen`darme", n.; pl. Gendarmes, or Gens d'armes. Etym: [F.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]

2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.

GENDARMERY Gen*darm"er*y, n. Etym: [F. gendarmerie.]

Defn: The body of gendarmes.

GENDER Gen"der, n. Etym: [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.genre, fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.]

1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak.

2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex. Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris.

Note: Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.

GENDER Gen"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gendering.] Etym: [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.]

Defn: To beget; to engender.

GENDER Gen"der, v. i.

Defn: To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.

GENDERLESS Gen"der*less, a.

Defn: Having no gender.

GENEAGENESIS Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Alternate generation. See under Generation.

GENEALOGIC Gen`e*a*log"ic, a.

Defn: Genealogical.

GENEALOGICAL Gen`e*a*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. généalogique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table; genealogical order. — Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Genealogical tree, a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.

GENEALOGIST Gen`e*al"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. généalogiste.]

Defn: One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families.

GENEALOGIZE Gen`e*al"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.

GENEALOGY Gen`e*al"o*gy, n.; pl. Genealogies. Etym: [OE. genealogi, genelogie, OF. genelogie, F. généalogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. genus) +

1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.

2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage.

GENEARCH Gen"e*arch, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The chief of a family or tribe.

GENERA Gen"e*ra, n. pl.

Defn: See Genus.

GENERABILITY Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being generated. Johnstone.

GENERABLE Gen"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. generabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being generated or produced. Bentley.

GENERAL Gen"er*al, a. Etym: [F. général, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.]

1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy.

2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or conclusion.

3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression.

4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom. This general applause and cheerful sShak.

5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire. Milton.

6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part. His general behavior vain, ridiculous. Shak.

7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.

Note: The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes chief or superior; as, attorney-general; adjutant general; commissary general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc. General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally. — General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. — General average, General Court. See under Average, Court. — General court-martial (Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. — General dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. — General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. Abbott. — General epistle, a canonical epistle. — General guides (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. — General hospitals (Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. — General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account. — General officer (Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. — General orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole command. — General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon. — General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular parties. — General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion. — General verdict (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". Burrill. — General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals.

Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it general, though by no means universal.

Syn: Gen"er*al, n. Etym: [F. général. See General., a.]

1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; — opposed to particular. In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals. Locke.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal.

Note: In the United States the office of General of the Army has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. Popularly, the title General is given to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the Vocabulary.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to beat the general.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule.

5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak. In general, in the main; for the most part.

GENERALIA Gen`e*ra"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.]

Defn: Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill.

GENERALISSIMO Gen`er*al*is"si*mo, n. Etym: [It., superl. of generale general. See General, a.]

Defn: The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; — a title used in most foreign countries.

GENERALITY Gen`er*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Generalities. Etym: [L. generalitas: cf. F. généralité. Cf. Generalty.]

1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars. Hooker.

2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase. Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor. The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence. R. Choate.

3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a nation, or of mankind.

GENERALIZABLE Gen"er*al*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule. Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. Coleridge

GENERALIZATION Gen`er*al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. généralisation.]

1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars. Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A general inference.

GENERALIZE Gen"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Generalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. généraliser.]

1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera. Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air. W. Nicholson.

2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule. When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle) from particulars. A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts. Coleridge.

GENERALIZE Gen"er*al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.

GENERALIZED Gen"er*al*ized, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type.

GENERALIZER Gen"er*al*i`zer (, n.

Defn: One who takes general or comprehensive views. Tyndall.

GENERALLY Gen"er*al*ly, adv.

1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently.

2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively. Generally speaking, they live very quietly. Addison.

3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.] I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee. 2 Sam. xvii. ll.

GENERALNESS Gen"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney.

GENERALSHIP Gen"er*al*ship, n.

1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; — sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general. Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Goldsmith.

2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.

3. Fig.: Leadership; management. An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne.

GENERALTY Gen"er*al*ty, n.

Defn: Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

GENERANT Gen"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.]

Defn: Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.),

Defn: acting as a generant.

GENERANT Gen"er*ant, n.

1. That which generates. Glanvill.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A generatrix.

GENERATE Gen"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated; p. pr. & vb. n. Generating.] Etym: [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus. See Genus, Gender.]

1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own species.

2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton.

3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause. Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate milk. Arbuthnot.

4. (Math.)

Defn: To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order.

GENERATION Gen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [OE. generacioun, F. génération, fr.L. generatio.]

1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.

2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc.

3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.

4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age. This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen. v. 1. Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations. Baruch vi. 3. All generations and ages of the Christian church. Hooker.

5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock. Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog Shak.

6. (Geom.)

Defn: The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.

7. (Biol.)

Defn: The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction.

Note: There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova. Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, — a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced. — Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.

GENERATIVE Gen"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. génératif.]

Defn: Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative particle." Bentley.

GENERATOR Gen"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; — called also generating tone.

GENERATRIX Gen`er*a"trix, n.; pl. L. Generatrices, E. Generatrixes. Etym: [L.] (Geom.)

Defn: That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface, or solid; — called also describent.

GENERIC; GENERICAL Ge*ner"ic, Ge*ner"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. genus, generis, race, kind: cf. F. générique. See Gender.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic description; a generic difference; a generic name.

2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or their characteristics; — opposed to Ant: specific.

GENERICALLY Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals or plants generically allied.

GENERICALNESS Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being generic.

GENERIFICATION Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act or process of generalizing. Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification. Sir W. Hamilton.

GENEROSITY Gen`er*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. generositas: cf. F. générosité.]

1. Noble birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages).

2. The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness. Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities. Barrow.

3. Liberality in giving; munificence.

Syn. — Magnanimity; liberality.

GENEROUS Gen"er*ous, a. Etym: [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]

1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.] The generous and gravest citizens. Shak.

2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited; courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope. "A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison.

3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as, a generous friend or father.

4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous table. Swift.

5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous wine.

Syn. — Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal. — Gen"er*ous*ly, adv. — Gen"er*ous*ness, n.

GENESEE EPOCH Gen`e*see" ep"och. (Geol.)

Defn: The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American Devonian system; — so called because the formations of this period crop out in Genesee, New York.

GENESIAL Ge*ne"sial, a.

Defn: Of or relating to generation.

GENESIOLGY Ge*ne`si*ol"gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine or science of generation.

GENESIS Gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. genus birth, race. See Gender.]

1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination. The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club. Carlyle.

2. The first book of the Old Testament; — so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Same as Generation.

GENET; GENETTE Gen"et, Ge*nette" (, n. Etym: [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch.

Note: The common genet (Genetta vulgaris) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G. pardina), are related African species.

2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.

GENET Gen"et, n. Etym: [See Jennet.]

Defn: A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet. Shak.

GENETHLIAC Ge*neth"li*ac, a. Etym: [L. genethliacus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth. Howell.

GENETHLIAC Ge*neth"li*ac, n.

1. A birthday poem.

2. One skilled in genethliacs.

GENETHLIACAL Gen`eth*li"a*cal, a.

Defn: Genethliac.

GENETHLIACS Ge*neth"li*acs, n.

Defn: The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at birth. Jhonson.

GENETHLIALOGY Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology.

GENETHLIATIC Ge*neth`li*at"ic, n.

Defn: One who calculates nativities. Sir W. Drummond.

GENETIC Ge*net"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Genetical.

GENETICAL Ge*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Genesis.]

Defn: Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development. This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of philosophy. Hare.

GENETICALLY Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a genetical manner.

GENEVA Ge*ne"va, n.

Defn: The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also Genevan Bible. — Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. — Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; — the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.

GENEVA Ge*ne"va, n. Etym: [F. genièvre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever, fr. F. genièvre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.]

Defn: A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; — made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.

GENEVAN Ge*ne"van, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.

GENEVAN Ge*ne"van, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva.

2. A supported of Genevanism.

GENEVANISM Ge*ne"van*ism, n. Etym: [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.]

Defn: Strict Calvinism. Bp. Montagu.

GENEVESE Gen`e*vese", a. Etym: [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. génevois.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. — n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva.

GENIAL Ge*ni"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Genian.

GENIAL Gen"ial, a. Etym: [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]

1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton. Creator Venus, genial power of love. Dryden.

2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and genial disposition. So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton.

3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn. [Obs.] Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. Sir T. Browne.

4. Denoting or marked with genius [R.] Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less genial works. Hare. Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation.

GENIALITY Ge`ni*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. genialitas.]

Defn: The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.

GENIALLY Gen"ial*ly, adv.

1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.] Some men are genially disposed to some opinions. Glanvill.

2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson.

GENIALNESS Gen"ial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being genial.

GENIAN Ge*ni"an, a. Etym: [Gr. Chin.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian prominence.

GENICULATE Ge*nic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee, knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.]

Defn: Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin crystal.

GENICULATE Ge*nic"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated; p. pr. & vb. n. Geniculating.]

Defn: To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram.

GENICULATED Ge*nic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Same as Geniculate.

GENICULATION Ge*nic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. geniculatio a kneeling.]

1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.

GENIE Gé`nie, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Genius.

GENIO Ge"ni*o, n. Etym: [It. See Genius.]

Defn: A man of a particular turn of mind. [R.] Tatler.

GENIOHYOID Ge`ni*o*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid muscle.

GENIP; GENIP TREE Gen"ip, n., or Genip tree.

1. Any tree or shrub of the genus Genipa.

2. The West Indian sapindaceous tree Melicocca bijuga, which yields the honeyberry; also, the related trees Exothea paniculata and E. trifoliata.

GENIPAP Gen"i*pap, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa Americana) of the order Rubiaceæ. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice.

GENISTA Ge*nis"ta, n. Etym: [L., broom.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the common broom of Western Europe.

GENITAL Gen"i*tal, a. Etym: [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F. génital. See Gender.]

Defn: Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs. Genital cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes.

GENITALS Gen"i*tals, n. pl. Etym: [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.]

Defn: The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.

GENITING Gen"i*ting, n. Etym: [See Jenneting.]

Defn: A species of apple that ripens very early. Bacon.

GENITIVAL Gen`i*ti"val, a.

Defn: Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. — Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv.

GENITIVE Gen"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget: cf. F. génitif. See Gender.] (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.

GENITIVE Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The genitive case. Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See Ablative absolute.

GENITOCRURAL Gen`i*to*cru"ral, a. Etym: [Genital + crural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; — applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.

GENITOR Gen"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. Sheldon.

2. pl.

Defn: The genitals. [Obs.] Holland.

GENITOURINARY Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry, a. Etym: [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Urogenital.

GENITURE Gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [L. genitura: cf. F. géniture.]

Defn: Generation; procreation; birth. Dryden.

GENIUS Gen"ius, n.; pl. E. Geniuses; in sense 1, L. Genii. Etym: [L. genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring forth. See Gender, and cf. Engine.]

1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee. The unseen genius of the wood. Milton. We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity. Tylor.

2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting.

3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language.

4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius. Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifyng power. Coleridge.

5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius.

Syn. — Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius; William Pitt for his preëminent talents, and especially his unrivaled talent for debate.

Genius loci ( Etym: [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college, etc.

GENOA CAKE Gen"o*a cake. (Cookery)

Defn: A rich glazed cake, with almonds, pistachios, filberts, or other nuts; also, a rich currant cake with almonds on the top.

GENOESE Gen`o*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. — n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa.

GENOUILLERE Ge*nouil`lère", n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A metal plate covering the knee.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an embrasure.

-GENOUS -ge*nous. Etym: [-gen + -ous.]

Defn: A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as, alkaligenous; endogenous.

GENRE Genre, n. Etym: [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life and manners.

GENS Gens, n.; pl. Gentes. Etym: [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.)

1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe.

2. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem.

GENT Gent, a. Etym: [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr. gentilis. See Genteel.]

1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.] All of a knight [who] was fair and gent. Chaucer.

2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser. Her body gent and small. Chaucer.

GENTEEL Gen*teel", a. Etym: [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.]

1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; as, genteel company, manners, address.

2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner; as, the lady has a genteel person. Law.

3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a genteel allowance.

Syn. — Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.

GENTEELISH Gen*teel"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat genteel.

GENTEELLY Gen*teel"ly, adv.

Defn: In a genteel manner.

GENTEELNESS Gen*teel"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being genteel.

GENTERIE; GENTRIE Gen"ter*ie, Gen"trie (, n. Etym: [OE. See Gentry.]

Defn: Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTIAN Gen"tian, n. Etym: [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana, fr. Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule.

Note: Many species are found on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (Gentiana verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American fringed gentians (G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the officinal gentian of the pharmacopoeias. Horse gentian, fever root. — Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal gentian (Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort.

GENTIANACEOUS Gen`tian*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Gentianaceæ) of which the gentian is the type.

GENTIANELLA Gen`tian*el"la, n. Etym: [See Gentian.]

Defn: A kind of blue color. Johnson.

GENTIANIC Gen`ti*an"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic acid.

GENTIANINE Gen"tian*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian.

GENTIANOSE Gen"tian*ose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.

GENTIL Gen"til, a. & n.

Defn: Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTILE Gen"tile, n. Etym: [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle, a.]

Defn: One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen.

Note: The Hebrews included in the term goyim, or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians translated goyim by the L. gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans.

Syn. — Pagan; heathen. See Pagan.

GENTILE Gen"tile, a.

1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or adjective.

GENTILE-FALCON Gen"tile-fal`con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Falcon-gentil.

GENTILESSE Gen`ti*lesse", n. Etym: [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse. See Gentle. a.]

Defn: Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTILISH Gen"til*ish, a.

Defn: Heathenish; pagan.

GENTILISM Gen"til*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gentilisme.]

1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.

2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens.

GENTILITIAL; GENTILITIOUS Gen`ti*li"tial, Gen`ti*li"tious, a. Etym: [L. gentilitius. See Gentile.] [Obs.]

1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne.

2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot.

GENTILITY Gen*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilité heathenism. See Gentile.]

1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay. He . . . mines my gentility with my education. Shak.

2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.

3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies.

4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker.

GENTILIZE Gen"til*ize, v. i. Etym: [See Gentile.]

1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To act the gentleman; — with it (see It, 5). [Obs.]

GENTILIZE Gen"til*ize, v. i.

Defn: To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester.

GENTILLY Gen"til*ly, adv. Etym: [From Gentil, a.]

Defn: In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTIOPIKRIN Gen`ti*o*pi"krin, n. Etym: [Gentian + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.

GENTISIN Gen"ti*sin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the gentian; — called also gentianin.

GENTLE Gen"tle, a. [Compar. Gentler; superl. Gentlest.] Etym: [OE. gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget; hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.]

1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble. British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle, or simple. Johnson's Cyc. The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow their time. Milton.

2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.

3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak.

4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; as, a gentle horse.

5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop. "Gentle music." Sir J. Davies. O sleep! it is a gentle thing. Coleridge. The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking.

Syn. — Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile. — Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle describes the natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training; mild implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; meek, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the Apostle, was mild; Moses was meek.

GENTLE Gen"tle, n.

1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.] Gentles, methinks you frown. Shak.

2. A trained falcon. See Falcon-gentil.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dipterous larva used as fish bait.

GENTLE Gent"le, v. t.

1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.] To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain. Young.

3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.]

GENTLEFOLK; GENTLEFOLKS Gen"tle*folk`, Gen"tle*folks` (, n. pl.

Defn: Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. Etym: [Generally in the United States in the plural form.] Shak.

GENTLE-HEARTED Gen"tle-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak. — Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness, n.

GENTLEMAN Gen"tle*man, n.; pl. Gentlemen. Etym: [OE. gentilman nobleman; gentil noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]

1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a yeoman.

2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man.

3. (Her.)

Defn: One who bears arms, but has no title.

4. The servant of a man of rank. The count's gentleman, one Cesario. Shak.

5. A man, irrespective of condition; — used esp. in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc.

Note: In Great Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation. Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners at the University of Oxford. — Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into the presence of a sovereign, etc. — Gentleman usher of the black rod, an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House of Lords. — Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners. [Eng.]

GENTLEMANHOOD Gen"tle*man*hood, n.

Defn: The qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.] Thackeray.

GENTLEMANLIKE; GENTLEMANLY Gen"tle*man*like`, Gen"tle*man*ly, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well- behaved; courteous; polite.

GENTLEMANLINESS Gen"tle*man*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.

GENTLEMANSHIP Gen"tle*man*ship, n.

Defn: The carriage or quality of a gentleman.

GENTLEMEN'S AGREEMENT Gen"tle*men's a*gree"ment.

Defn: An agreement binding only as a matter of honor; often, specif., such an agreement among the heads of industrial or merchantile enterprises, the terms of which could not be included and enforced in a legal contract.

GENTLENESS Gen"tle*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.; mildness.

GENTLESHIP Gen"tle*ship, n.

Defn: The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.] Ascham.

GENTLESSE Gent"lesse, n.

Defn: Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.]

GENTLEWOMAN Gen"tle*wom`an, n.; pl. Gentlewomen (.

1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar. Bacon.

2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak.

GENTLY Gen"tly, adv.

Defn: In a gentle manner. My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden.

GENTOO Gen*too", n.; pl. Gentoos. Etym: [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See Gentile.]

Defn: A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]

GENTRY Gen"try, n. Etym: [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf. gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE. genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.]

1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie." Chaucer. She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship's oath. Shak.

2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay.

3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.] To show us so much gentry and good will. Shak.

GENTY Gen"ty, a. Etym: [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.]

Defn: Neat; trim. [Scot.] Burns.

GENU Ge"nu, n.; pl. Genua. Etym: [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee. (b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the brain.

GENUFLECT Gen`u*flect", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Genuflecting.] Etym: [See Genuflection.]

Defn: To bend the knee, as in worship.

GENUFLECTION Gen`u*flec"tion, n. Etym: [F. génuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L. genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See Knee, Flexible.]

Defn: The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp. Stillingfleet.

GENUINE Gen"u*ine, a. Etym: [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. génuine. See Gender.]

Defn: Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure; as, a genuine text; a genuine production; genuine materials. "True, genuine night." Dryden.

Syn. — Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See Authentic. — Gen"u*ine*ly, adv. — Gen"u*ine*ness, n. The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness of these letters, is overwhelming. Macaulay.

GENUS Ge"nus, n.; pl. Genera. Etym: [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to Gr. Gender, and cf. Benign.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an artificial genus.

Note: Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known species. Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of mammal. — Summum genus Etym: [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as being .

GENYS Ge"nys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Conys.

GEOCENTRIC; GEOCENTRICAL Ge`o*cen"tric, Ge`o*cen"tric*al, a. Etym: [Gr. géocentrique.] (Astron.) (a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, — usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet. (b) Having reference to the center of the earth. Geocentric latitude (of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from geographic latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude.

GEOCENTRICALLY Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geocentric manner.

GEOCHEMISTRY Ge`o*chem"is*try (je`o*kem"is*try), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + chemistry.]

Defn: The study of the chemical composition of, and of actual or possible chemical changes in, the crust of the earth. — Ge`o*chem"ic*al (#), a. —Ge`o*chem"ist (#), n.

GEOCRONITE Ge*oc"ro*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. geokronit.] (Min.)

Defn: A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic.

GEOCYCLIC Ge`o*cyc"lic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; as, a geocyclic machine.

2. Circling the earth periodically.

GEODE Ge"ode, n. Etym: [F. géode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. (Min.) (a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter. (b) The cavity in such a nodule.

GEODEPHAGOUS Ge`o*deph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living in the earth; — applied to the ground beetles.

GEODESIC; GEODESICAL Ge`o*des"ic, Ge`o*des"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géodésique.] (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to geodetic.

GEODESIC Ge`o*des"ic, n.

Defn: A geodetic line or curve.

GEODESIST Ge*od"e*sist, n.

Defn: One versed in geodesy.

GEODESY Ge*od"e*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. géodésie.] (Math.)

Defn: That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.

GEODETIC; GEODETICAL Ge`o*det"ic, Ge`o*det"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers. Geodetic line or curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points.

GEODETICALLY Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.

GEODETICS Ge`o*det"ics, n.

Defn: Same as Geodesy.

GEODIFEROUS Ge`o*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Producing geodes; containing geodes.

GEODUCK Ge"o*duck, n. Etym: [American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gigantic clam (Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly valued as an article of food.

GEOGNOSIS Ge`og*no"sis, n. Etym: [See Geognosy.]

Defn: Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G. Eliot.

GEOGNOST Ge"og*nost, n. Etym: [Cf. F. géognoste.]

Defn: One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.]

GEOGNOSTIC; GEOGNOSTICAL Ge`og*nos"tic, Ge`og*nos"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géognostique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological. [R.]

GEOGNOSY Ge*og"no*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. géognosie.]

Defn: That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution.

GEOGONIC; GEOGONICAL Ge`o*gon"ic, Ge`o*gon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géogonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.

GEOGONY Ge*og"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. géogonie.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth.

GEOGRAPHER Ge*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One versed in geography.

GEOGRAPHIC; GEOGRAPHICAL Ge`o*graph"ic, Ge`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. geographicus, Gr. géographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geography. Geographical distribution. See under Distribution. — Geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere. — Geographical mile. See under Mile. — Geographical variation, any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.

GEOGRAPHICALLY Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.

GEOGRAPHY Ge*og"ra*phy, n.; pl. Geographies. Etym: [F. géographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. Graphic.]

1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.

2. A treatise on this science. Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions. — Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. — Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions.

GEOLATRY Ge*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of the earth. G. W. Cox. The Geological Series.

Note: The science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram.

GEOLOGER; GEOLOGIAN Ge*ol"o*ger, Ge`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A geologist.

GEOLOGIC; GEOLOGICAL Ge`o*log"ic, Ge`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.

GEOLOGICALLY Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geological manner.

GEOLOGIST Ge*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Géologiste.]

Defn: One versed in the science of geology.

GEOLOGIZE Ge*ol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized; p. pr. & vb. n. Geologizing.]

Defn: To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist. During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire. Darwin.

GEOLOGY Ge*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. Geologies. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. géologie.]

1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series.

2. A treatise on the science.

GEOMALISM Ge*om"a*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation.

GEOMANCER Ge"o*man`cer, n.

Defn: One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.

GEOMANCY Ge"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. géomance, géomancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper.

GEOMANTIC; GEOMANTICAL Ge`o*man"tic, Ge`o*man"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géomantique.]

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.

GEOMETER Ge*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [F. géomètre, L. geometres, geometra, fr. Gr. Meter measure.]

1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician. I. Watts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.

GEOMETRAL Ge*om"e*tral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géométral.]

Defn: Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.]

GEOMETRIC; GEOMETRICAL Ge`o*met"ric, Ge`o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [L. geometricus; Gr. géométrique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a problem.

Note: Geometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra.

Note: Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical. Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; — so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. — Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; — called also cycloidal engine. — Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. — Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. — Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as Ground plane . — Geometrical progression, proportion, ratio. See under Progression, Proportion and Ratio. — Geometrical radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. Knight. — Geometric spider (Zoöl.), one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider. — Geometric square, a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. — Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. — Geometrical tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures.

GEOMETRICALLY Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the rules or laws of geometry.

GEOMETRICIAN Ge*om`e*tri"cian, n.

Defn: One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.

GEOMETRID Ge*om"e*trid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the Geometridæ.

GEOMETRID Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family Geometridæ; — so called because their larvæ (called loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.

GEOMETRIZE Ge*om"e*trize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized; p. pr. & vb. n. Geometrizing.]

Defn: To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of geometry. Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things. Sir T. Browne.

GEOMETRY Ge*om"e*try, n; pl. Geometries Etym: [F. géométrie, L. geometria, fr. Gr. Geometer.]

1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.

2. A treatise on this science. Analytical, or Coördinate, geometry, that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. — Descriptive geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions. — Elementary geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. — Higher geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees.

GEOPHAGISM Ge*oph"a*gism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt. Dunglison.

GEOPHAGIST Ge*oph"a*gist, n.

Defn: One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.

GEOPHAGOUS Ge*oph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Earth-eating.

GEOPHILA Ge*oph"i*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs.

GEOPONIC; GEOPONICAL Ge`o*pon"ic, Ge`o*pon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. géoponique.]

Defn: Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.

GEOPONICS Ge`o*pon"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. géoponique.]

Defn: The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture. Evelin.

GEORAMA Ge`o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. géorama.]

Defn: A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.

GEORDIE Geor"die, n.

Defn: A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp. Raymond.

GEORGE George, n. Etym: [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr. work. See Work.]

1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter.

2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.

GEORGE NOBLE George" no`ble. Etym: [So called from the image of St. George on it.]

Defn: A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n.

GEORGIAN Geor"gi*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States.

2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era.

GEORGIAN Geor"gi*an, n.

Defn: A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.

GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE Georgian architecture.

Defn: British or British colonial architecture of the period of the four Georges, especially that of the period before 1800.

GEORGIC Geor"gic, n. Etym: [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr. géorgiques, pl. See Georgic, a.]

Defn: A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil.

GEORGIC; GEORGICAL Geor"gic, Geor"gic*al, a. Etym: [L. georgicus, Gr. géorgique. See George.]

Defn: Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.

GEORGIUM SIDUS Geor"gi*um Si`dus. Etym: [NL., the star of George (III. of England).] (Astron.)

Defn: The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.

GEOSCOPY Ge*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. géoscopie.]

Defn: Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection. Chambers.

GEOSELENIC Ge`o*se*len"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena.

GEOSTATIC Ge`o*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. static.] (Civil Engin.)

Defn: Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance. Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth. Rankine.

GEOSYNCLINAL Ge`o*syn*cli"nal, n. Etym: [Gr. synclinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; — opposed to geanticlinal.

GEOTHERMOMETER Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics)

Defn: A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.

GEOTIC Ge*ot"ic a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey.

GEOTROPIC Ge`o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [See Geotropism.] (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or showing, geotropism.

GEOTROPISM Ge*ot"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ.

Note: In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the opposite direction negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum.

GEPHYREA Ge*phyr"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without setæ.

GEPHYREAN Ge*phyr"e*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Gephyrea. — n. One of the Gerphyrea.

GEPHYREOID Ge*phyr"e*oid, a. & n. Etym: [Gephyrea + -oid.]

Defn: Gephyrean.

GEPOUND Ge*pound", n.

Defn: See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERAH Ge"rah, n. Etym: [Heb. g, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.

Note: The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen grains.

GERANIACEOUS Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (Geraniaceæ) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.

GERANIINE; GERANINE Ge*ra"ni*ine, Ger"a*nine, n. Etym: [See Geranium.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A valuable astringet obtained from the root of the Geranium maculatum or crane's-bill.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also geranium.]

GERANIUM Ge*ra"ni*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. géranium. See Crane, n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill.

2. (Floriculture)

Defn: A cultivated pelargonium.

Note: Many plants referred to the genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa.

GERANT Ge"rant, n. Etym: [F. gérant.]

Defn: The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock association, etc.

GERBE Gerbe, n. Etym: [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny)

Defn: A kind of ornamental firework. Farrow.

GERBIL; GERBILLE Ger"bil, Ger`bille", n. Etym: [F. gerbille. Cf. Jerboa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.

GERBOA Ger*bo"a, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jerboa.

GERE Gere, n.

Defn: Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERENT Ge"rent, a. Etym: [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.]

Defn: Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] Bailey.

GERFALCON Ger"fal`con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gyrfalcon.

GERFUL Ger"ful, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.]

Defn: Changeable; capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERLAND; GERLOND Ger"land, Ger"lond, n.

Defn: A garland. [Obs.]

GERLIND Ger"lind, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon returning from the sea the second time. [Prov. Eng.]

GERM Germ, n. Etym: [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears. In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism. Carpenter.

2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty. Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). — Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. — Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. — Germ stock (Zoöl.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. — Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory.

GERM Germ, v. i.

Defn: To germinate. [R.] J. Morley.

GERMAIN Ger*main", a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Germane.

GERMAN Ger"man, a. Etym: [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.]

Defn: Nearly related; closely akin. Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak. Brother german. See Brother german. — Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin.

GERMAN Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans Etym: [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.]

1. A native or one of the people of Germany.

2. The German language.

3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is danced. High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, — comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover both groups. — Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, — including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low German), spoken in many dialects.

GERMAN Ger"man, a. Etym: [L. Germanus. See German, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Germany. German Baptists. See Dunker. — German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point. — German carp (Zoöl.), the crucian carp. — German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. — German paste, a prepared food for caged birds. — German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond. — German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract. — German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked. — German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys. — German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel. — German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words,

Note: This line is German Text. — German tinder. See Amadou.

GERMANDER Ger*man"der, n. Etym: [OE. germaunder, F. germandrée, It. calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium Chamædrys or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs. American germander, Teucrium Canadense. — Germander chickweed, Veronica agrestis. — Water germander, Teucrium Scordium. — Wood germander, Teucrium Scorodonia.

GERMANE Ger*mane", a. Etym: [See German akin, nearly related.]

Defn: Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant. The phrase would be more germane to the matter. Shak. [An amendment] must be germane. Barclay (Digest).

GERMANIC Ger*man"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.

GERMANIC Ger*man"ic, a. Etym: [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy.

2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]

GERMANISM Ger"man*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. germanisme.]

1. An idiom of the German language.

2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander.

GERMANIUM Ger*ma"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.

GERMANIZATION Ger`man*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold.

GERMANIZE Ger"man*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized; p. pr. & vb. n. Germanizing.]

Defn: To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to Germanize a province, a language, a society.

GERMANIZE Ger"man*ize, v. i.

Defn: To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.

GERMARIUM Ger*ma"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Germ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ in which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.

GERM CELL Germ cell. (Biol.)

Defn: A cell, of either sex, directly concerned in the production of a new organism.

GERMEN Ger"men, n.; pl. E. Germens, L. Germina. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Germ.

GERMICIDAL Ger"mi*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Germicide.

GERMICIDE Ger"mi*cide, a. Etym: [Germ +L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.)

Defn: Destructive to germs; — applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. — n.

Defn: A germicide agent.

GERMINAL Ger"mi*nal, a. Etym: [See Germ.]

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the germinal vesicle. Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included. — Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm. — Germinal spot (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum. — Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of the ovum of animals.

GERMINAL Ger`mi*nal", n. Etym: [F. See Germ .]

Defn: The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 — 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See VendÉmiaire.

GERMINANT Ger"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. germinans, p. pr.]

Defn: Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.

GERMINATE Ger"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated; p. pr. & vb. n. Germinating.] Etym: [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr. germen. See Germ.]

Defn: To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon.

GERMINATE Ger"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to sprout. Price (1610).

GERMINATION Ger`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.]

Defn: The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable. Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain.

GERMINATIVE Ger"mi*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. germinatif.]

Defn: Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop. Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle. (Biol.) Same as Germinal spot, Germinal vesicle, under Germinal.

GERMIPARITY Ger`mi*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by means of germs.

GERMLESS Germ"less, a.

Defn: Without germs.

GERMOGEN Ger"mo*gen, n. Etym: [Germ + -gen.] (Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are developed. Balfour. (b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms. Balfour.

GERM PLASM Germ" plasm`, (Biol.)

Defn: See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm.

GERM THEORY Germ theory.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The theory that living organisms can be produced only by the development of living germs. Cf. Biogenesis, Abiogenesis.

2. (Med.) The theory which attributes contagious and infectious diseases, suppurative lesions, etc., to the agency of germs. The science of bacteriology was developed after this theory had been established.

GERMULE Germ"ule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.)

Defn: A small germ.

GERN Gern, v. t. Etym: [See Grin.]

Defn: To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did gern." Spenser.

GERNER Ger"ner, n.

Defn: A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GEROCOMIA Ger`o*co"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Gerocomy.

GEROCOMICAL Ger`o*com"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith.

GEROCOMY Ge*roc"o*my, n. Etym: [F. gérocomie, fr. Gr.

Defn: That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.

GERONTES Ge*ron"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the supreme civil authority.

GERONTOCRACY Ger`on*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone.

GEROPIGIA Ger`o*pig"i*a, n. Etym: [Pg. geropiga.]

Defn: A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of wines. [Written also jerupigia.]

-GEROUS -ger*ous. Etym: [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.]

Defn: A suffix signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous; dentigerous.

GERRYMANDER Ger`ry*man"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gerrymandering.]

Defn: To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U. S.]

Note: This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett.

GERUND Ger"und, n. Etym: [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform. See Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.)

1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle.

2. (AS. Gram.)

Defn: A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; — called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic hæbbe mete tô etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.

GERUNDIAL Ge*run"di*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial use.

GERUNDIVE Ge*run"dive, a. Etym: [L. gerundivus.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial. — n. (Lat. Gram.)

Defn: The future passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved.

GERUNDIVELY Ge*run"dive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund.

GERY Ger"y, a. Etym: [See Gerful.]

Defn: Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GESLING Ges"ling, n.

Defn: A gosling. [Prov. Eng.]

GESSE Gesse, v. t. & i.

Defn: To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GESSO Ges"so, n. [It., chalk, plaster.]

1. Plaster of Paris, or gypsum, esp. as prepared for use in painting, or in making bas-reliefs and the like; by extension, a plasterlike or pasty material spread upon a surface to fit it for painting or gilding, or a surface so prepared.

2. A work of art done in gesso. [Obs.]

GESSO DURO Ges"so du"ro. [It., hard plaster.]

Defn: A variety of gesso which when dried becomes hard and durable, often used in making bas-relief casts, which are colored and mounted in elaborate frames.

GEST Gest, n.

Defn: A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GEST Gest, n. Etym: [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.]

1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show; ceremony. [Obs.] Mede.

3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic] Through his heroic grace and honorable gest. Spenser.

GEST Gest, n. Etym: [Cf. Gist a resting place.]

1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey.

2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer.

GESTANT Ges"tant, a. Etym: [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.]

Defn: Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant with heat." Mrs. Browning.

GESTATION Ges*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F. gestation. See Gest deed, Jest.]

1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.]

2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy.

3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise. Dunglison.

GESTATORY Ges"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf. F. gestatoire.]

1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.

2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.]

GESTE Geste, v. i.

Defn: To tell stories or gests. [Obs.]

GESTIC Ges"tic, a. Etym: [See Gest a deed, Gesture.]

1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary. And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore. Goldsmith.

2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; — said especially with reference to dancing. Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art. Sir W. Scott.

GESTICULATE Ges*tic"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gesticulating.] Etym: [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See Gestic.]

Defn: To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures. Sir T. Herbert.

GESTICULATE Ges*tic"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson.

GESTICULATION Ges*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.]

1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or enforce sentiments.

2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments. Macaulay.

3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson.

GESTICULATOR Ges*tic"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who gesticulates.

GESTICULATORY Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Representing by, or belonging to, gestures. T. Warton.

GESTOUR Ges"tour, n. Etym: [See Gest a deed.]

Defn: A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story-teller. [Obs.] Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales. Chaucer.

GESTURAL Ges"tur*al, a.

Defn: Relating to gesture.

GESTURE Ges"ture, n. Etym: [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere, gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.]

1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture. [Obs.] Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many nations. Sir T. Browne.

2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion. Humble and reverent gestures. Hooker. Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture dignity and love. Milton.

GESTURE Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured; p. pr. & vb. n. Gesturing.]

Defn: To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate. It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth. Hooker.

GESTURE Ges"ture, v. i.

Defn: To make gestures; to gesticulate. The players . . . gestured not undecently withal. Holland.

GESTURELESS Ges"ture*less, a.

Defn: Free from gestures.

GESTUREMENT Ges"ture*ment, n.

Defn: Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

GET Get, n.

Defn: Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GET Get, n. Etym: [OF. get.]

1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GET Get, v. t. [imp. Got (Obs. Gat (); p. p. Got (Obsolescent Gotten); p. pr. & vb. n. Getting.] Etym: [OE. geten, AS. gitan, gietan (in comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L. prehendere to seize, take, Gr. Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget, Impregnable, Prehensile.]

1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get land by purchase, etc.

2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to have. Johnson. Thou hast got the face of man. Herbert.

3. To beget; to procreate; to generate. I had rather to adopt a child than get it. Shak.

4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's Greek lesson. It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty. Bp. Fell.

5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade. Get him to say his prayers. Shak.

6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; — with a following participle. Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched. Shak.

7. To betake; to remove; — in a reflexive use. Get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13. He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega. Knolles.

Note: Get, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to collect. To get by heart, to commit to memory. — To get the better of, To get the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. — To get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation.

Syn. — To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain.

GET Get, v. i.

1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased. We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get. Shak.

2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; — with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected. To get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope. His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast. Coleridge.

Note: It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle.

Note: Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene. To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. — To get along, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. — To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling. — To get among, to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number. — To get asleep, to fall asleep. — To get astray, to wander out of the right way. — To get at, to reach; to make way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat. — To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return. — To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward. — To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. — To get between, to arrive between. — To get beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass. "Three score and ten is the age of man, a few get beyond it." Thackeray. — To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment. — To get drunk, to become intoxicated. — To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth. — To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim. — To get into. (a) To enter, as, "she prepared to get into the coach." Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, " as, " a language has got into the inflated state." Keary. — To get loose or free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement. — To get near, to approach within a small distance. — To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. — To get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity. — To get through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what one was doing. — To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.

GET Get, n.

Defn: Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.

GETEN Get"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Get. Chaucer.

GETH Geth,

Defn: the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GET-PENNY Get"-pen`ny, n.

Defn: Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair. [Colloq.] Chapman.

GETTABLE Get"ta*ble, a.

Defn: That may be obtained. [R.]

GETTER Get"ter, n.

Defn: One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates.

GETTERUP Get"ter*up`, n.

Defn: One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine, etc. [Colloq.] A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works. W. Irving.

GETTING Get"ting, n.

1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition. With all thy getting, get understanding. Prov. iv. 7.

2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.

GET-UP Get"-up, n.

Defn: General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc. [Colloq.] H. Kingsley.

GEUSDISM Geusd"ism (ged"iz'm), n.

Defn: The Marxian socialism and programme of reform through revolution as advocated by the French political leader Jules Basile Guesde (pron. ged) (1845- ). — Guesd"ist (#), n. & a.

GEWGAW Gew"gaw, n. Etym: [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the same word as OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan to give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and E. gaud, n. See Give, and cf. Giffgaff.]

Defn: A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble. A heavy gewgaw called a crown. Dryden.

GEWGAW Gew"gaw, a.

Defn: Showy; unreal; pretentious. Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. Tennyson.

GEYSER Gey"ser, n. Etym: [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr. gj to gush. Cf. Gush.]

Defn: A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam.

Note: Geysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.

GEYSERITE Gey"ser*ite, n. Etym: [From Geyser.] (Min.)

Defn: A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and geysers.

GHARRY Ghar"ry, n. Etym: [Hind. ga.]

Defn: Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India]

GHAST Ghast, v. t. Etym: [OE. gasten. See Ghastly, a.]

Defn: To strike aghast; to affright. [Obs.] Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled. Shak.

GHASTFUL Ghast"ful, a. Etym: [See Ghastly, a.]

Defn: Fit to make one aghast; dismal. [Obs.] — Ghast"ful*ly, adv.

GHASTLINESS Ghast"li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.

GHASTLY Ghast"ly, a. [Compar. Ghastlier; superl. Ghastliest.] Etym: [OE. gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear, fr. gasten to terrify, AS. gæstan. Cf. Aghast, Gast, Gaze, Ghostly.]

1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal. Each turned his face with a ghastly pang. Coleridge. His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized. Macaulay.

2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous. Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. Milton.

GHASTLY Ghast"ly, adv.

Defn: In a ghastly manner; hideously. Staring full ghastly like a strangled man. Shak.

GHASTNESS Ghast"ness, n.

Defn: Ghastliness. [Obs.] Shak.

GHAT; GHAUT Ghat Ghaut, n. Etym: [Hind. ghat.]

1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker.

2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).

3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India] Malcom.

GHAWAZI Gha*wa"zi, n. pl. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Egyptian dancing girls, of a lower sort than the almeh.

GHAZAL; GHAZEL Ghaz"al, Ghaz"el, n. [Ar. ghazal.]

Defn: A kind of Oriental lyric, and usually erotic, poetry, written in recurring rhymes.

GHAZI Gha"zi, n. [Ar. ghazi.]

Defn: Among Mohammedans, a warrior champion or veteran, esp. in the destruction of infidels.

GHEBER; GHEBRE Ghe"ber Ghe"bre, n. Etym: [Pers. ghebr: cf. F. Guèbre. Cf. Giaour.]

Defn: A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.

GHEE Ghee, n. Etym: [Hind. ghi clarified butter, Skr. gh.]

Defn: Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. [India] Malcom.

GHERKIN Gher"kin, n. Etym: [D. agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan. ag; cf. Pol. ogórek, Bohem. okurka, LGr. al-khiyar, Per. khiyar.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sea gherkin.

GHESS Ghess, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Guess. [Obs.]

GHETTO Ghet"to, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city. I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. Evelyn.

GHIBELLINE Ghib"el*line, n. Etym: [It. Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It. Hist.)

Defn: One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the poses. Brande & C.

GHOLE Ghole, n.

Defn: See Ghoul.

GHOST Ghost, n. Etym: [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]

1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.] Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament. Spenser.

2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter. The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. Shak. I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost. Coleridge.

3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea. Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Poe.

4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses. Ghost moth (Zoöl.), a large European moth (Hepialus humuli); so called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; — called also great swift. — Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the Trinity. — To give up or yield up the ghost, to die; to expire. And he gave up the ghost full softly. Chaucer. Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people. Gen. xlix. 33.

GHOST Ghost, v. i.

Defn: To die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

GHOST Ghost, v. t.

Defn: To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.] Shak.

GHOST DANCE Ghost dance.

Defn: A religious dance of the North American Indians, participated in by both sexes, and looked upon as a rite of invocation the purpose of which is, through trance and vision, to bring the dancer into communion with the unseen world and the spirits of departed friends. The dance is the chief rite of the Ghost-dance, or Messiah, religion, which originated about 1890 in the doctrines of the Piute Wovoka, the Indian Messiah, who taught that the time was drawing near when the whole Indian race, the dead with the living, should be reunited to live a life of millennial happiness upon a regenerated earth. The religion inculcates peace, righteousness, and work, and holds that in good time, without warlike intervention, the oppressive white rule will be removed by the higher powers. The religion spread through a majority of the western tribes of the United States, only in the case of the Sioux, owing to local causes, leading to an outbreak.

GHOSTFISH Ghost"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pale ubspotted variety of the wrymouth.

GHOSTLESS Ghost"less, a.

Defn: Without life or spirit. [R.]

GHOSTLIKE Ghost"like`, a.

Defn: Like a ghost; ghastly.

GHOSTLINESS Ghost"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ghostly.

GHOSTLY Ghost"ly, a. Etym: [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]

1. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies. Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ] One of the gostly children of St. Jerome. Jer. Taylor.

2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. Akenside.

GHOSTLY Ghost"ly, adv.

Defn: Spiritually; mystically. Chaucer.

GHOSTOLOGY Ghost*ol"o*gy, n.

Defn: Ghost lore. [R.] It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of ghostology and witchcraft. Hawthorne.

GHOUL Ghoul, n. Etym: [Per. gh an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. gh, F. goule.]

Defn: An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written also ghole .] Moore.

GHOULISH Ghoul"ish, a.

Defn: Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.

GHYLL Ghyll, n.

Defn: A ravine. See Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wordsworth.

GIALLOLINO Gial`lo*li"no, n. Etym: [It., from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG. gelo, G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.]

Defn: A term variously employed by early writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot. Fairholt.

GIAMBEUX Giam"beux, n. pl. Etym: [See Jambeux.]

Defn: Greaves; armor for the legs. [Obs.] Spenser.