Chapter C · hap"ter, v. t. (continued 2)

2. A bargain; profit; gain. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. (O. Eng. Law) (a) A making of contracts. (b) A bargain or contract; an agreement about a matter in dispute, such as a debt; a business compact. (c) An unlawful agreement or contract.

CHEVRETTE Chev*rette", n. Etym: [F., fr. chévre goat, fr. L. capra. Cf. Chevron.] (Mil.)

Defn: A machine for raising guns or mortar into their carriages.

CHEVRON Chev"ron, n. Etym: [F., rafter, chevron, from chévre goat, OF. chevre, fr. L. capra she-goat. See Cheveril.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: One of the nine honorable ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of the field and conjoined at its center.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A distinguishing mark, above the elow, on the sleeve of a noncommisioned officer's coat.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A zigzag molding, or group of moldings, common in Norman architecture. Chevron bones (Anat.), The V-shaped subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels in some animals.

CHEVRONED Chev"roned, p. a.

Defn: Having a chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a zigzag from. [A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases, were of watchet cloth of silver, chevroned all over with lace. B. Jonson.

CHEVRONEL Chev"ron*el, n. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing like a chevron, but of only half its width.

CHEVRONWISE Chev"ron*wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: In the manner of a chevron; as, the field may be divided chevronwise.

CHEVROTAIN Chev`ro*tain", n. Etym: [F. chevrotin, OF. chevrot little goat, roe, dim. of chevre goat. See Chevron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small ruminant of the family Tragulidæ a allied to the musk deer. It inhabits Africa and the East Indies. See Kanchil.

CHEVY Chev"y, v. t.

Defn: See Chivy, v. t. [Slang, Eng.] One poor fellow was chevied about among the casks in the storm for ten minutes. London Times.

CHEW Chew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chewing.] Etym: [As ceówan, akin to D. kauwen, G. kauen. Cf. Chaw, Jaw.]

1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate.

2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on. He chews revenge, abjuring his offense. Prior. To chew the cud, to chew the food ocer again, as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate. Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat. Deut. xxiv. 6.

CHEW Chew, v. i.

Defn: To perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to meditate. old politicians chew wisdom past. Pope.

CHEW Chew, n.

Defn: That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud. [Law]

CHEWER Chew"er, n.

Defn: One who chews.

CHEWET Chew"et, n.

Defn: A kind of meat pie. [Obs.]

CHEWINK Che"wink, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An american bird (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) of the Finch family, so called from its note; — called also towhee bunting and ground robin.

CHEYENNES Chey*ennes", n. pl.; sing. cheyenne. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet, formerly inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on reservations in the Indian Territory. They are noted for their horsemanship.

CHIAN Chi"an a. Etym: [L. chius, fr. Chios the island Chios, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the Ægean Sea. Chian earth, a dense, compact kind of earth, from Chios, used anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic. — Chian turpentine, a fragrant, almost transparent turpentine, obtained from the Pistacia Terebinthus.

CHIAROSCURIST Chi*a`ros*cu"rist, n.

Defn: A painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather than color.

CHIAROSCURO; CHIARO-OSCURO Chia`ro*scu"ro, Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro, n. Etym: [It., clear dark.] (a) The arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art, such as a drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color. (b) The art or practice of so arranging the light and dark parts as to produce a harmonious effect. Cf. Clair-obscur.

CHIASM; CHIASMA Chi"asm, Chi*as"ma, n. Etym: [NL. chiasma, fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A commissure; especially, the optic commissure, or crucial union of the optic nerves. — Chi*as"mal (, a..

CHIASMUS Chi*as"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Chiasm.] (Rhet.)

Defn: An inversion of the order of words or phrases, when repeated or subsequently referred to in a sentence; thus, If e'er to bless thy sons My voice or hands deny, These hands let useful skill forsake, This voice in silence die. Dwight.

CHIASTOLITE Chi*as"to*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite. See Chiasm. So called from the resemblance of the cross cuts of is crystals to the Greek letter x.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of andalusite; — called also macle. The tesselated apperance of a cross section is due to the symmetrical arrangement of impurities in the crystal.

CHIBBAL Chib"bal, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cibol.

CHIBOUQUE; CHIBOUK Chi*bouque", Chi*bouk", n. Etym: [F. chibouque, fr. Turk.]

Defn: A Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of amber, a stem, four or five feet long and not pliant, of some valuable wood, and a bowl of baked clay.

CHIC Chic, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Good form; style. [Slang]

CHICA Chi"ca, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A red coloring matter. extracted from the Bignonia Chica, used by some tribes of South American Indians to stain the skin.

2. A fermented liquor or beer made in South American from a decoction of maize.

3. A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American dance, said to be the original of the fandango, etc.

CHICALOTE Chi`ca*lo"te, n. [Sp., prob. of Mex. origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone platyceras), which has migrated into California.

CHICANE Chi*cane", n. Etym: [F., prob. earlier meaning a dispute, orig. in the game of mall (F. mail), fr. LGr. chaugan club or bat; or possibly ultimated fr. L. ciccus a trible.]

Defn: The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a case or question; — specifically applied to legal proceedings; trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry. Prior. To shuffle from them by chicane. Burke. To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own canscience. Berkeley.

CHICANE Chi*cane", v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. chicaner. See Chicane, n.]

Defn: To use shifts, cavils, or artifices. Burke.

CHICANER Chi*can"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chicaneur.]

Defn: One who uses chicanery. Locke.

CHICANERY Chi*can"er*y, n. Etym: [F. chicanerie.]

Defn: Mean or unfair artifice to perplex a cause and obscure the truth; stratagem; sharp practice; sophistry. Irritated by perpetual chicanery. Hallam.

Syn. — Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.

CHICCORY Chic"co*ry, n.

Defn: See Chicory.

CHICH Chich, n.; pl. Chiches (. Etym: [F. chiche, pois chiche, a dwarf pea, from L. cicer the chick-pea.] (Bot.)

Defn: The chick-pea.

CHICHA Chi"cha, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Chica.

CHICHEVACHE Chiche"vache`, n. Etym: [F. chiche lean + vache cow.]

Defn: A fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patient wives, and which was therefore in very lean condition.

CHICHLING; CHICHLING VETCH Chich"ling, Chich"ling vetch`, n. Etym: [Chich + -ling.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant (Lathyrus sativus), with broad flattened seeds which are sometimes used for food.

CHICK Chick, v. i. Etym: [OE. chykkyn, chyke, chicken.]

Defn: To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate. Chalmers.

CHICK Chick, n.

1. A chicken.

2. A child or young person; — a term of endearment. Shak.

CHICKABIDDY Chick"a*bid`dy, n.

Defn: A chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a child.

CHICKADEE Chick"a*dee`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small bird, the blackcap titmouse (Parus atricapillus), of North America; — named from its note.

CHICKAREE Chick"a*ree`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American red squirrel (Sciurus Hudsonius); — so called from its cry.

CHICKASAWS Chick"a*saws, n. pl.; sing. Chickasaw. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A trible of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian) allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian Territory.

CHICKEN Chick"en, n. Etym: [AS. cicen, cyceun, dim. of coc cock; akin to LG. kiken, küken, D. Kieken, kuiken, G. küchkein. See Cock the animal.]

1. A young bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl.

2. A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a maiden. "Stella is no chicken." Swift. Chicken cholera, a contagious disease of fowls; - - so called because first studied during the prevalence of a cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true cholera.

CHICKEN-BREASTED Chick"en-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward curvature of the vertebral column.

CHICKEN-HEARTED Chick"en-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Timid; fearful; cowardly. Bunyan.

CHICKEN POX Chick"en pox". (Med.)

Defn: A mild, eruptive disease, generally attacking children only; varicella.

CHICKLING Chick"ling, n. Etym: [Chick+-ling.]

Defn: A small chick or chicken.

CHICK-PEA Chick"-pea`, n. Etym: [See Chich.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A Small leguminous plant (Cicer arietinum) of Asia, Africa, and the sounth of Europe; the chick; the dwarf pea; the gram.

2. Its nutritious seed, used in cookery, and especially, when roasted (parched pulse), as food for travelers in the Eastern deserts.

CHICKWEED Chick"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several caryophyllaseous weeds, especially Stellaria media, the seeds and flower buds of which are a favorite food of small birds.

CHICKY Chick"y, n.

Defn: A chicken; — used as a diminutive or pet name, especially in calling fowls.

CHICLE; CHICLE GUM Chic"le, n., Chicle gum. [Amer. Sp. chicle.]

Defn: A gumlike substance obtained from the bully tree (Mimusops globosa) and sometimes also from the naseberry or sapodilla (Sapota zapotilla). It is more plastic than caoutchouc and more elastic than gutta-percha, as an adulterant of which it is used in England. It is used largely in the United States in making chewing gum.

CHICO Chi"co, n.

1. Var. of Chica.

2. The common greasewood of the western United States (Sarcobatus vermiculatus).

3. In the Philippines, the sapodilla or its fruit; also, the marmalade tree or its fruit.

CHICORY Chic"o*ry, n. Etym: [F. chicorée, earlier also cichorée, L. cichorium, fr. Gr. , , Cf. Succory.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A branching perennial plant (Cichorium Intybus) with bright blue flowers, growing wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also cultivated for its roots and as a salad plant; succory; wild endive. See Endive.

2. The root, which is roasted for mixing with coffe.

CHICORY Chi"co*ry, n.

Defn: See Chiccory.

CHIDE Chide, v. t. Etym: [imp. Chid, or Chode (Obs.); p. p. Chidden, Chid; p. pr. & vb. n. Chiding.] Etym: [AS. cidan; of unknown origin.]

1. To rebuke; to reprove; to scold; to find fault with. Upbraided, chid, and rated at. Shak.

2. Fig.: To be noise about; to chafe against. The sea that chides the banks of England. Shak. To chide hither, chide from, or chide away, to cause to come, or to drive away, by scolding or reproof.

Syn. — To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach; reprehend; reprimand.

CHIDE Chide, v. i.

1. To utter words of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault; to contend angrily. Wherefore the people did chide with Moses. Ex. xvii. 2.

2. To make a clamorous noise; to chafe. As doth a rock againts the chiding flood. Shak.

CHIDE Chide, n. Etym: [AS. cid]

Defn: A continuous noise or murmur. The chide of streams. Thomson.

CHIDER Chid"er, n.

Defn: One who chides or quarrels. Shak.

CHIDERESS Chid"er*ess, n.

Defn: She who chides. [Obs.]

CHIDESTER Chide"ster, n. Etym: [Chide + -ster.]

Defn: A female scold. [Obs.]

CHIDINGLY Chid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chiding or reproving manner.

CHIEF Chief, n. Etym: [OE. chief, chef, OF. chief, F. chef, fr. L. caput head, possibly akin to E. head. Cf. Captain, Chapter]

1. The head or leader of any body of men; a commander, as of an army; a head man, as of a tribe, clan, or family; a person in authority who directs the work of others; the pricipal actio or agent.

2. The principal part; the most valuable portion. The chief of the things which should be utterly destroyed.1. Sam. xv. 21

3. (Her.)

Defn: The upper third part of the field. It is supposed to be composed of the dexter, sinister, and middle chiefs. In chief. (a) At the head; as, a commander in chief. (b) (Eng. Law) From the king, or sovereign; as, tenure in chief, tenure directly from the king.

Syn. — Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader; head; principal; sachem; sagamore; sheik. — Chief, chieftain, Commander, Leader. These words fluctuate somewhat in their meaning according to circumstances, but agree in the general idea of rule and authority. The term chief is now more usually applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander in civil or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or acquired rank in a tribe or clan; as, the chief of police; the chief of an Indian tribe. A chieftain is the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military leader. A commander directs the movements of or has control over a body of men, as a military or naval force. A leader is one whom men follow, as in a political party, a legislative body, a military or scientific expedition, etc., one who takes the command and gives direction in particular enterprises.

CHIEF Chief, a.

1. Highest in office or rank; principal; head. "Chief rulers." John. xii. 42.

2. Principal or most eminent in any quality or action; most distinguished; having most influence; taking the lead; most important; as, the chief topic of conversation; the chief interest of man.

3. Very intimate, near, or close. [Obs.] A whisperer separateth chief friends. Prov. xvi. 28.

Syn. — Principal; head; leading; main; paramount; supreme; prime; vital; especial; great; grand; eminent; master.

CHIEFAGE Chief"age, n. Etym: [OF. chevage, fr. chief head. See Chief.]

Defn: A tribute by the head; a capitation tax. [Written also chevage and chivage.] [Obs.]

CHIEF BARON Chief" bar"on. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The presiding judge of the court of exchequer.

CHIEFEST Chief"est, a. Etym: [Superl. of Chief.]

Defn: First or foremost; chief; principal. [Archaic] "Our chiefest courtier." Shak. The chiefest among ten thousand. Canticles v. 10.

CHIEF HARE Chief" hare`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small rodent (Lagamys princeps) inhabiting the summits of the Rocky Mountains; — also called crying hare, calling hare, cony, American pika, and little chief hare.

Note: It is not a true hare or rabbit, but belongs to the curious family Lagomyidæ.

CHIEF JUSTICE Chief" jus"tice.

Defn: The presiding justice, or principal judge, of a court. Lord Chief Justice of England, The presiding judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. The highest judicial officer of the realm is the Lord High Chancellor. — Chief Justice of the United States, the presiding judge of the Supreme Court, and Highest judicial officer of the republic.

CHIEF-JUSTICESHIP Chief"-jus"tice*ship, n.

Defn: The office of chief justice. Jay selected the chief-justiceship as most in accordance with his tastes. The Century.

CHIEFLESS Chief"less, a.

Defn: Without a chief or leader.

CHIEFLY Chief"ly, adv.

1. In the first place; principally; preëminently; above; especially. Search through this garden; leave unsearched no nook; But chiefly where those two fair creatures lodge. Milton.

2. For the most part; mostly. Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates of the dissenters chiefly lay. Swift.

CHIEFRIE Chief"rie, n.

Defn: A small rent paid to the lord paramount. [Obs.] Swift.

CHIEFTAIN Chief"tain, n. Etym: [OE. cheftayn, chevetayn, OF. chevetain, F. capitaine, LL. capitanus, fr. L. caput head. Cf. Captain, and see chief.]

Defn: A captain, leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a troop, army, or clan.

Syn. — Chief; commander; leader; head. See Chief.

CHIEFTAINCY; CHIEFTAINSHIP Chief"tain*cy, Chief"tain*ship, n.

Defn: The rank, dignity, or office of a chieftain.

CHIERTE Chier"te, n. Etym: [OF. cherté. See Charity.]

Defn: Love; tender regard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIEVANCE Chiev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. chevance property, equiv. To chevisance, fr. chevir to accomplish. See Chevisance.]

Defn: An unlawful bargain; traffic in which money is exported as discount. [Obs.] Bacon.

CHIEVE Chieve, v. i.

Defn: See Cheve, v. i. [Obs.]

CHIFF-CHAFF Chiff"-chaff (, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of European warbler (Sylvia hippolais); — called also chip-chap, and pettychaps.

CHIFFON Chif`fon", n. [F., lit., rag. See Chiffonier.]

1.

Defn: Any merely ornamental adjunct of a woman's dress, as a bunch of ribbon, lace, etc.

2. A kind of soft gauzy material used for ruches, trimmings, etc.

CHIFFONIER; CHIFFONIERE Chif`fo*nier", fem. Chif`fo-nière", n. Etym: [F. chiffonnier, fem. chiffonnière, fr. chiffon rag, fr. chiffe a rag, fimsy cloth.]

1. One who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.

2. A receptacle for rags or shreds.

3. A movable and ornamental closet or piece of furniture with shelves or drawers. G. Eliot.

CHIGNON Chi"gnon (, n. Etym: [F., prop. equiv. to chaînon link, fr. chaîne chain, fr. L. catena Cf. Chain.]

Defn: A knot, boss, or mass of hair, natural or artificial, worn by a woman at the back of the head. A curl that had strayed from her chignon. H. James.

CHIGOE; CHIGRE Chig"oe, Chig"re, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chigue, perh. fr. Catalan chic small, Sp. chico; or of Peruvian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of flea (Pulex penetrans), common in the West Indies and South America, which often attacks the feet or any exposed part of the human body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great irritation. When the female is allowed to remain and breed, troublesome sores result, which are sometimes dangerous. See Jigger. [Written also chegre, chegoe, chique, chigger, jigger.]

Note: The name is sometimes erroneously given to certain mites or ticks having similar habits.

CHIH FU Chih" fu`. [Chin. chih fu, lit., (He who) knows (the) prefecture.]

Defn: An official administering a prefecture of China; a prefect, supervising the civil business of the hsiens or districts comprised in his fu (which see).

CHIH HSIEN Chih" hsien`. [Chin. chih hsien, lit., (He who) knows (the) district.]

Defn: An official having charge of a hsien, or administrative district, in China; a district magistrate, responsible for good order in his hsien (which see), and having jurisdiction in its civil and criminal cases.

CHIH TAI Chih" tai`. [Chin. chih to govern + t"ai an honorary title.]

Defn: A Chinese governor general; a tsung tu (which see).

CHIKARA Chi*ka"ra (, n. Etym: [Hind.] (Zoöl.) (a) The Ingoat antelope (Tragops Bennettii) Of India. (b) The Indian four-horned antelope (Tetraceros quadricornis).

CHILBLAIN Chil"blain`, n. Etym: [Chill + Blain.]

Defn: A blain, sore, or inflammatory swelling, produced by exposure of the feet or hands to cold, and attended by itching, pain, and sometimes ulceration.

CHILBLAIN Chil"blain`, v. t.

Defn: To produce chilblains upon.

CHILD Child, n.; pl. Children. Etym: [AS. cild, pl. cildru; cf. Goth. kilÞei womb, in-kilÞ\'d3 with child.]

1. A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the first degree; the immediate progeny of human parents; — in law, legitimate offspring. Used also of animals and plants.

2. A descendant, however remote; — used esp. in the plural; as, the children of Israel; the children of Edom.

3. One who, by character of practice, shows signs of relationship to, or of the influence of, another; one closely connected with a place, occupation, character, etc.; as, a child of God; a child of the devil; a child of disobedience; a child of toil; a child of the people.

4. A noble youth. See Childe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. A young person of either sex. esp. one between infancy and youth; hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of a very young person, as innocence, obedience, trustfulness, limited understanding, etc. When I was child. I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child; but when I became a man, I put away childish things. 1. Cor. xii. 11.

6. A female infant. [Obs.] A boy or a child, I wonder Shak. To be with child, to be pregnant. — Child's play, light work; a trifling contest.

CHILD Child, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Childed; p. pr. & vb. n. Childing.]

Defn: To give birth; to produce young. This queen Genissa childing died. Warner. It chanced within two days they childed both. Latimer.

CHILDBEARING Child"bear`ing, n.

Defn: The act of producing or bringing forth children; parturition. Milton. Addison.

CHILDBED Child"bed, n.

Defn: The state of a woman bringing forth a child, or being in labor; parturition.

CHILDBIRTH Child"birth, n.

Defn: The act of bringing forth a child; travail; labor. Jer. Taylor.

CHILDCROWING Child"crow`ing, n. (Med.)

Defn: The crowing noise made by children affected with spasm of the laryngeal muscles; false croup.

CHILDE Childe, n.

Defn: A cognomen formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son, until he succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted; as, Childe Roland.

CHILDED Child"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a child. [Obs.]

CHILDERMAS DAY Chil"dermas day`. Etym: [AS. cildamæsse-dæg; cild child +dæg day.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A day (December 28) observed by mass or festival in commemoration of the children slain by Herod at Bethlehem; — called also Holy Innocent's Day.

CHILDHOOD Child"hood, n. Etym: [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]

1. The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. I have walked before you from my childhood. 1. Sam. xii. 2.

2. Children, taken collectively. [R.] The well-governed childhood of this realm. Sir. W. Scott.

3. The commencement; the first period. The childhood of our joy. Shak. Second childhood, the state of being feeble and incapable from old age.

CHILDING Child"ing, a. Etym: [See Child, v. i.]

Defn: Bearing Children; (Fig.) productive; fruitful. [R.] Shak.

CHILDISH Child"ish, a.

1. Of, pertaining to, befitting, or resembling, a child. "Childish innocence." Macaulay.

2. Peurile; trifling; weak. Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is rather childish than innocent. Addison.

Note: Childish, as applied tc persons who are grown up, is in a disparaging sense; as, a childish temper.

CHILDISHLY Child"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a child; in a trifling way; in a weak or foolish manner.

CHILDISHNESS Child"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being childish; simplicity; harmlessness; weakness of intellect.

CHILDLESSNESS Child"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being childless.

CHILDLIKE Child"like, a.

Defn: Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful. "Childlike obedience." Hooker.

Note: Childlike, as applied to persons grown up, is commonly in a good sense; as, childlike grace or simplicity; childlike modesty.

CHILDLY Child"ly, a.

Defn: Having tthe character of a child; belonging, or appropriate, to a child. Gower.

CHILDLY Child"ly, adv.

Defn: Like a child. Mrs. Browning.

CHILDNESS Child"ness, n.

Defn: The manner characteristic of a child. [Obs.] "Varying childness." Shak.

CHILDREN Chil"dren, n.;

Defn: pl. of Child.

CHILDSHIP Child"ship, n.

Defn: The state or relation of being a child.

CHILD STUDY Child study.

Defn: A scientific study of children, undertaken for the purpose of discovering the laws of development of the body and the mind from birth to manhood.

CHILEAN Chil"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chile.

CHILEAN Chil"e*an, n.

Defn: A native or resident of Chile; Chilian.

CHILEAN PINE Chilean pine. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Monkey-puzzle.

CHILI Chil"i, n. Etym: [Sp. chili, chile.]

Defn: A kind of red pepper. See Capsicum [Written also chilli and chile.]

CHILIAD Chil"i*ad, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A thousand; the aggregate of a thousand things; especially, a period of a thousand years. The world, then in the seventh chiliad, will be assumed up unto God. Sir. T. More.

CHILIAGON Chil"i*a*gon, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A plane figure of a thousand angles and sides. Barlow.

CHILIAHEDRON Chil"i*a*hedron, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A figure bounded by a thousand plane surfaces [Spelt also chiliaëdron.]

CHILIAN Chil"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chili. — n.

Defn: A native or citizen of Chili.

CHILIAN; CHILIARCH Chil"i*an, Chil"i*arch`, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The commander or chief of a thousand men.

CHILIARCHY Chil"i*arch`y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A body consisting of a thousand men. Mitford.

CHILIASM Chil"i*asm, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The millennium.

2. The doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on earth during the millennium.

CHILIAST Chil"i*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. Chiliasm.]

Defn: One who believes in the second coming of Christ to reign on earth a thousand years; a milllenarian.

CHILIASTIC Chili*astic, a.

Defn: Millenarian. "The obstruction offered by the chiliastic errors." J. A. Alexander.

CHILL Chill, n. Etym: [AS. cele, cyle, from the same root as celan, calan, to be cold; akin to D. kil cold, coldness, Sw. kyla to chill, and E. cool. See Cold, and cf. Cool.]

1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with shivering. "[A] wintry chill." W. Irving.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A sensation of cold with convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional disturbance, as of a fever.

3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling; discouragement; as, a chill comes over an assemblly.

4. An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it. Raymond.

5. The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of a car wheel. Knight. Chill and fever, fever and ague.

CHILL Chill, a.

1. Moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw. Noisome winds, and blasting vapors chill. Milton.

2. Affected by cold. "My veins are chill." Shak.

3. Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling, etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as, a chill reception.

4. Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.

CHILL Chill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chilled (chìld); p. pr. & vb. n. Chilling.]

1. To strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to affect with cold. When winter chilled the day. Goldsmith.

2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to depress; to discourage. Every thought on God chills the gayety of his spirits. Rogers.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: To produce, by sudden cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of, so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.

CHILL Chill, v. i. (Metal.)

Defn: To become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying; as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a greater depth than others.

CHILLED Chilled, a.

1. Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; as, chilled iron; a chilled wheel.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: Having that cloudiness or dimness of surface that is called "blooming."

CHILLI Chil"li, n.

Defn: See Chili.

CHILLINESS Chill"i*ness, n.

1. A state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable sensation of coldness.

2. A moderate degree of coldness; disagreeable coldness or rawness; as, the chilliness of the air.

3. Formality; lack of warmth.

CHILLING Chill"ing, a.

Defn: Making chilly or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold; distant; as, a chilling breeze; a chilling manner. — Chill"ing"ly, adv.

CHILLNESS Chill"ness, n.

Defn: Coolness; coldness; a chill. Death is the chillness that precedes the dawn. Longfellow.

CHILLY Chill"y, a.

Defn: Moderately cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering; causing or feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a shivering.

CHILOGNATH Chi"log*nath, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A myriapod of the order Chilognatha.

CHILOGNATHA Chi*log"na*tha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two principal orders of myriapods. They have numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of small, slender legs, which are attached ventrallly, near together.

CHILOMA Chi*lo"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tumid upper lip of certain mammals, as of a camel.

CHILOPOD Chi"lo*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A myriapod of the order Chilopoda.

CHILOPODA Chi*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of myriapods, including the centipeds. They have a single pair of elongated legs attached laterally to each segment; well developed jaws; and a pair of thoracic legs converted into poison fangs. They are insectivorous, very active, and some species grow to the length of a foot.

CHILOSTOMA; CHILOSTOMATA Chi*los"to*ma, Chi*lo*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive suborder of marine Bryozoa, mostly with calcareous shells. They have a movable lip and a lid to close the aperture of the cells. [Also written Chillostomata.]

CHILOSTOMATOUS Chi`lo*stoma*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Chilostoma.

CHILTERN HUNDREDS Chiltern Hundreds. Etym: [AS. Chiltern the Chiltern, high hills in Buckinghamshire, perh. Fr. ceald cold + ern, ærn, place.]

Defn: A tract of crown land in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England, to which is attached the nominal office of steward. As members of Parliament cannot resign, when they wish to go out they accept this stewardship, which legally vacates their seats.

CHIMAERA Chi*mæ"ra, n. Etym: [NL. See Chimera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cartilaginous fish of several species, belonging to the order Holocephali. The teeth are few and large. The head is furnished with appendages, and the tail terminates in a point.

CHIMAEROID Chi*mæ"roid, a. Etym: [Chimæra + old.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Related to, or like, the chimæra.

CHIMANGO Chi*man"go Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American carrion buzzard (Milvago chimango). See Caracara.

CHIMB Chimb (chim), n. Etym: [AS. cim, in cimstan base of a pillar; akin to D. kim, f. Sw. kim., G. kimme f.]

Defn: The edge of a cask, etc; a chine. See Chine, n., 3. [Written also hime.]

CHIMB Chimb, v. i.

Defn: Chime. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIME Chime, n. Etym: [See Chimb.]

Defn: See Chine, n., 3.

CHIME Chime, n. Etym: [OE. chimbe, prop., cymbal, OF. cymbe, cymble, in a dialectic form, chymble, F. cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. Cymbal.]

1. The harmonious sound of bells, or of musical instruments. Instruments that made melodius chime. Milton.

2. A set of bells musically tuned to each other; specif., in the pl., the music performed on such a set of bells by hand, or produced by mechanism to accompany the striking of the hours or their divisions. We have heard the chimes at midnight. Shak.

3. Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation, or sound. "Chimes of verse." Cowley.

CHIME Chime, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chiming.] Etym: [See Chime, n.]

1. To sound in harmonious accord, as bells.

2. To be in harmony; to agree; to sut; to harmonize; to correspond; to fall in with. Everything chimed in with such a humor. W. irving.

3. To join in a conversation; to express assent; — followed by in or in with. [Colloq.]

4. To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to jingle, as in rhyming. Cowley

CHIME Chime, v. i.

1. To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of bells; to move or strike in harmony. And chime their sounding hammers. Dryden.

2. To utter harmoniously; to recite rhythmically. Chime his childish verse. Byron.

CHIMER Chim"er, n.

Defn: One who chimes.

CHIMERA Chime"ra, n.; pl. Chimeras. Etym: [L. chimaera a chimera (in sense 1), Gr. qymbr a yearling ewe.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A monster represented as vomiting flames, and as having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. "Dire chimeras and enchanted isles." Milton.

2. A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or creature of the imagination; as, the chimera of an author. Burke.

CHIMERE Chi*mere", n. Etym: [OF. chamarre., F. simarre (cf. It. zimarra), fr. Sp. chamarra, zamarra, a coat made of sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh. from Ar. sammur the Scythian weasel or marten, the sable. Cf. Simarre.]

Defn: The upper robe worn by a bishop, to which lawn sleeves are usually attached. Hook.

CHIMERIC Chi*mer"ic, a.

Defn: Chimerical.

CHIMERICAL Chi*mer"ic*al, a.

Defn: Merely imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived; having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought; as, chimerical projects.

Syn. — Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded; vain; deceitful; delusive.

CHIMERICALLY Chi*mer"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Wildy; vainly; fancifully.

CHIMINAGE Chim"i*nage, n. Etym: [OF. cheminage, fr. chemin way, road.] (Old Law)

Defn: A toll for passage through a forest. [Obs.] Cowell.

CHIMNEY Chim"ney, n.; pl. Chimneys. Etym: [F. cheminée, LL. caminata, fr. L. caminus furnace, fireplace, Gr.

1. A fireplace or hearth. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. That part of a building which contains the smoke flues; esp. an upright tube or flue of brick or stone, in most cases extending through or above the roof of the building. Often used instead of chimney shaft. Hard by a cottage chimney smokes. Milton.

3. A tube usually of glass, placed around a flame, as of a lamp, to create a draft, and promote combustion.

4. (Min.)

Defn: A body of ore, usually of elongated form, extending downward in a vein. Raymond. Chimney board, a board or screen used to close a fireplace; a fireboard. — Chimney cap, a device to improve the draught of a chimney, by presenting an exit aperture always to leeward. — Chimney corner, the space between the sides of the fireplace and the fire; hence, the fireside. — Chimney hook, a hook for holding pats and kettles over a fire, — Chimney money, hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England for each chimney. — Chimney pot (Arch.), a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the roof. — Chimney swallow. (Zoöl.) (a) An American swift (Chæture pelasgica) which lives in chimneys. (b) In England, the common swallow (Hirundo rustica). — Chimney sweep, Chimney sweeper, one who cleans chimneys of soot; esp. a boy who climbs the flue, and brushes off the soot.

CHIMNEY-BREAST Chim"ney-breast`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The horizontal projection of a chimney from the wall in which it is built; — commonly applied to its projection in the inside of a building only.

CHIMNEY-PIECE Chim"ney-piece`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A decorative construction around the opning of a fireplace.

CHIMPANZEE Chim*pan"zee, n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. F. chimpanzé, chimpansé, chimpanzée.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An african ape (Anthropithecus troglodytes or Troglodytes niger) which approaches more nearly to man, in most respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three to four feet high.

CHIN Chin, n. Etym: [AS. cin, akin to OS. kin, G kinn, Icel. kinn, cheek, Dan. & Sw. kind, L. gena, Gr. hanu. *232.]

1. The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point of the under jaw.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The exterior or under surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw bone, in birds.

CHINA Chi"na, n.

1. A country in Eastern Asia.

2. China ware, which is the modern popular term for porcelain. See Porcelain. China aster (Bot.), a well-known garden flower and plant. See Aster. — China bean. See under Bean, 1. — China clay See Kaolin. — China grass, Same as Ramie. — China ink. See India ink. — China pink (Bot.), an anual or biennial species of Dianthus (D. Chiensis) having variously colored single or double flowers; Indian pink. — China root (Med.), the rootstock of a species of Smilax (S. China, from the East Indies; — formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now used for. Also the galanga root (from Alpinia Gallanga and Alpinia officinarum). — China rose. (Bot.) (a) A popular name for several free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the Rosa Indica, and perhaps other species. (b) A flowering hothouse plant (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) of the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east Indies. — China shop, a shop or store for the sale of China ware or of crockery. — China ware, porcelain; — so called in the 17th century because brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery made in Europa at that time; also, loosely, crockery in general. — Pride of China, China tree. (Bot.) See Azedarach.

CHINALDINE Chin*al"dine, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinaldine.

CHINAMAN Chi"na*man, n.; pl. Chinamen (.

Defn: A native of China; a Chinese.

CHINCAPIN Chin"ca*pin, n.

Defn: See Chinquapin.

CHINCH Chinch, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. chinche, fr. L. cimex.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bedbug (Cimex lectularius).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bug (Blissus leucopterus), which, in the United States, is very destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; — also called chiniz, chinch bug, chink bug. It resembles the bedbug in its disgusting odor.

CHINCHA Chin"cha, n. Etym: [Cf. Chinchilla.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American rodent of the genus Lagotis.

CHINCHE Chinche, a. Etym: [F. chiche miserly.]

Defn: Parsimonious; niggardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHINCHERIE Chinch"er*ie, n.

Defn: Penuriousness. [Obs.] By cause of his skarsete and chincherie. Caucer.

CHINCHILLA Chin*chil"la, n. Etym: [Sp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small rodent (Chinchilla lanigera), of the size of a large squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of a pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili.

2. The fur of the chinchilla.

3. A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.

CHINCHONA; CHINCONA Chin*cho"na, Chin*co"na.

Defn: See Cinchona.

CHIN COUGH Chin" cough". Etym: [For chink cough; cf. As. cincung long laughter, Scot. kink a violent fit of coughing, akin to MHG. kichen to pant. Cf. Kinknaust, Cough.]

Defn: Whooping cough.

CHINE Chine, n. Etym: [Cf. Chink.]

Defn: A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; as, Shanklin Chine in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep. [Prov. Eng.] "The cottage in a chine." J. Ingelow.

CHINE Chine, n.Etym: [OF. eschine, F. échine, fr. OHG. skina needle, prickle, shin, G. schiene splint, schienbein shin. For the meaning cf. L. spina thorn, prickle, or spine, the backbone. Cf. Shin.]

1. The backbone or spine of an animal; the back. "And chine with rising bristles roughly spread." Dryden.

2. A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking.

Note: [See Illust. of Beef.]

3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.

CHINE Chine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chined.]

1. To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.

2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the chine..

CHINED Chined, a.

1. Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; — used in composition. Beau. & Fl.

2. Broken in the back. [Obs.] He's chined, goodman. Beau. & Fl.

CHINESE Chi"nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to China; peculiar to China. Chinese paper. See India paper, under India. — Chinese wax, a snowy-wgite, waxlike substance brought from China. It is the bleached secretion of certain insects of the family Coccidæ especially Coccus Sinensis.

CHINESE Chi*nese", n. sing. & pl.

1. A native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with oblique eyelids who live principally in China.

2. sing.

Defn: The language of China, which is monosyllabic.

Note: Chineses was used as a plural by the contemporaries of Shakespeare and Milton.

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT Chinese Exclusion Act.

Defn: Any of several acts forbidding the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, originally from 1882 to 1892 by act of May 6, 1882, then from 1892 to 1902 by act May 5, 1892. By act of April 29, 1902, all existing legislation on the subject was reënacted and continued, and made applicable to the insular possessions of the United States.

CHINK Chink, n. Etym: [OE. chine, AS. cine fissure, chink, fr. cinan to gape; akin to Goth. Keinan to sprout, G. keimen. Cf. Chit.]

Defn: A small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a gap or crack; as, the chinks of wall. Through one cloudless chink, in a black, stormy sky. Shines out the dewy morning star. Macaulay.

CHINK Chink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chinking.]

Defn: To crack; to open.

CHINK Chink, v. t.

1. To cause to open in cracks or fissures.

2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to chink a wall.

CHINK Chink, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Jingle.]

1. A short, sharp sound, as of metal struck with a slight degree of violence. "Chink of bell." Cowper.

2. Money; cash. [Cant] "To leave his chink to better hands." Somerville.

CHINK Chink, v. t.

Defn: To cause to make a sharp metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by bringing them into collision with each other. Pope.

CHINK Chink, v. i.

Defn: To make a slight, sharp, metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or other small sonorous bodies. Arbuthnot.

CHINKY Chink"y, a.

Defn: Full of chinks or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts. Dryden.

CHINNED Chinned, a.

Defn: Having a chin; — used chiefly in compounds; as, short-chinned.

CHINOIDINE Chi*noid"ine, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (cf. G. & F. china Peruvian bark) + —oil + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinodine.

CHINOISERIE Chi`noi`se*rie" (she`nwa`z'*re"), n. [F.]

Defn: Chinese conduct, art, decoration, or the like; also, a specimen of Chinese manners, art, decoration, etc.

CHINOLINE Chin"o*line, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (see Chinoldine) + L. oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinoline.

CHINONE Chi"none, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (see Chinoidine.) + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinone.

CHINOOK Chi*nook", n.

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a tribe of North American Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called Flathead Indians.

2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory.

3. A jargon of words from various languages (the largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern territories of the United States.

CHINOOK STATE Chi*nook" State.

Defn: Washington — a nickname. See Chinook, n.

CHINQUAPIN Chin"qua*pin, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub (Castanea pumila) of North America, from six to twenty feet high, allied to the chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible nat. [Written also chincapin and chinkapin.] Chinquapin oak, a small shrubby oak (Quercus prinoides) of the Atlantic States, with edible acorns. — Western Chinquapin, an evergreen shrub or tree (Castanopes chrysophylla) of the Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in Oregon a tree 30 to 125 feet high.

CHINSE Chinse, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chinsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chinsing.] (Naut.)

Defn: To thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel , the point of a knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly. Chinsing iron, a light calking iron.

CHINTZ Chintz, n.; pl. Chintzes. Etym: [Hindi chint spotted cotton clooth, chinta spot.]

Defn: Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and other devices, in a number of different colors, and often glazed. Swift.

CHIOPPINE Chiop*pine", n.

Defn: Same as Chopine, n.

CHIP Chip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chipping.] Etym: [Cf. G. kippen to cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. Chop to cut.]

1. To cut small pieces from; to diminsh or reduce to shape, by cutting away a little at a time; to hew. Shak.

2. To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery.

3. To bet, as with chips in the game of poker. To chip in, to contribute, as to a fund; to share in the risks or expenses of. [Slang. U. S.]

CHIP Chip, v. i.

Defn: To break or fly off in small pieces.

CHIP Chip, n.

1. A piece of wood, stone, or other substance, separated by an ax, chisel, or cutting instrument.

2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small piece.

3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or bonnets.

4. Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor; — used contemptuously.

5. One of the counters used in poker and other games.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The triangular piece of wood attached to the log line. Buffalo chips. See under Buffalo. — Chip ax, a small ax for chipping timber into shape. — Chip bonnet, Chip hat, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip. See Chip, n., 3. — A chip off the old block, a child who resembles either of his parents. [Colloq.] Milton.- Potato chips, Saratoga chips, thin slices of raw potato fried crisp.

CHIPMUNK Chip"munk`, n. Etym: [Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A squirrel-like animal of the genus Tamias, sometimes called the striped squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground squirrel, hackee. The common species of the United States is the Tamias striatus. [Written also chipmonk, chipmuck, and chipmuk.]

CHIPPENDALE Chip"pen*dale, a.

Defn: Designating furniture designed, or like that designed, by Thomas Chippendale, an English cabinetmaker of the 18th century. Chippendale furniture was generally of simple but graceful outline with delicately carved rococo ornamentation, sculptured either in the solid wood or, in the cheaper specimens, separately and glued on. In the more elaborate pieces three types are recognized: French Chippendale, having much detail, like Louis Quatorze and Louis Quinze; Chinese Chippendale, marked by latticework and pagodalike pediments; and Gothic Chippendale, attempting to adapt medieval details. The forms, as of the cabriole and chairbacks, often resemble Queen Anne. In chairs, the seat is widened at the front, and the back toward the top widened and bent backward, except in Chinese Chippendale, in which the backs are usually rectangular. — Chip"pen*dal*ism (#), n.

It must be clearly and unmistakably understood, then, that, whenever painted (that is to say, decorated with painted enrichment) or inlaid furniture is described as Chippendale, no matter where or by whom, it is a million chances to one that the description is incorrect. R. D. Benn.

CHIPPER Chip"per, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Cheep, Chirp.]

Defn: To chirp or chirrup. [ Prov. Eng.] Forby.

CHIPPER Chip"per, a.

Defn: Lively; cheerful; talkative. [U. S.]

CHIPPEWAYS Chip"pe*ways, n. pl.; sing. Chippeway. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and weastern shores of Lake Superior; — called also Objibways.

CHIPPING Chip"ping, n.

1. A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a fragment.

2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a timber or block of stone to shape.

3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of potter's ware, porcelain, etc.

CHIPPING BIRD Chip"ping bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chippy.

CHIPPING SQUIRREL Chip"ping squir"rel.

Defn: See Chipmunk.

CHIPPY Chip"py, a.

Defn: Abounding in, or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.

CHIPPY Chip"py, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small American sparrow (Spizella socialis), very common near dwelling; — also called chipping bird and chipping sparrow, from its simple note.

CHIPS Chips, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A ship's carpenter. [Cant.]

CHIRAGRA Chi*ra"gra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Gout in the hand.

CHIRAGRICAL Chi*rag"ric*al, a.

Defn: Having the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease. Sir. T. Browne.

CHIRETTA Chi*ret"ta, n. Etym: [Hind. chira\'c6ta.]

Defn: A plant (Agathotes Chirayta) found in Northern India, having medicinal properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a tonic and febrifuge.

CHIRK Chirk, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Chirp, also Creak.]

1. To shriek; to gnash; to utter harsh or shrill cries. [Obs.] All full of chirkyng was that sorry place. Cheucer.

2. To chirp like a bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIRK Chirk, v. t.

Defn: To cheer; to enliven; as, to chirk one up. [Colloq. New Eng. ]

CHIRK Chirk, a. Etym: [From Chirk, v. i.]

Defn: Lively; cheerful; in good spirits. [Colloq. New Eng.]

CHIRM Chirm, v. i. Etym: [Cf. AS. cyrman, cirman, to cry out. *24 Cf. Chirp.]

Defn: To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird. [Obs.] Huloet.

CHIROGNOMY Chi*rog"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of judging character by the shape and apperance of the hand.

CHIROGRAPH Chi"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old. Law) (a) A writing which, reguiring a counterpart, was engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space between, in which was written the word chirographum, through which the parchment was cut, and one part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a charter party. (b) The last part of a fine of land, commonly called the foot of the fine. Bouvier.

CHIROGRAPHER Chi*rog"ra*pher, n.

1. One who practice the art or business of writing or engrossing.

2. See chirographist, 2. Chirographer of fines (Old Eng. Law), an officer in the court of common pleas, who engrossed fines.

CHIROGRAPHIC; CHIROGRAPHICAL Chi`ro*graph"ic, Chi`ro*graph"ic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chirography.

CHIROGRAPHIST Chi*rog"ra*phist, n.

1. A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.

2. One who tells fortunes by examining the hand.

CHIROGRAPHY Chi*rog"ra*phy, n.

1. The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; as, skilled in chirography.

2. The art of telling fortunes by examining the hand.

CHIROGYMNAST Chi`ro*gym"nast, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mechanocal contrivance for exercesing the fingers of a pianist.

CHIROLOGICAL Chi`ro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to chirology.

CHIROLOGIST Chi*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and fingers.

CHIROLOGY Chi*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The art or practice of using the manual alphabet or of communicating thoughts by sings made by the hands and fingers; a substitute for spoken or written language in intercourse with the deaf and dumb. See Dactylalogy.

CHIROMANCER Chi"ro*man`cer, n.

Defn: One who practices chiromancy. Dryden.

CHIROMANCY Chi"ro*mancy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: The art or practice of foretelling events, or of telling the fortunes or the disposition of persons by inspecting the hand; palmistry.

CHIROMANIST; CHIROMANTIST Chi"ro*man`ist, Chi"ro*man`tist n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A chiromancer.

CHIROMANTIC; CHIROMANTICAL Chi`ro*man"tic, Chi`ro*man"tic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chiromancy.

CHIROMONIC Chi`ro*mon"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to chironomy.

CHIRONOMY Chi*ron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of moving the hands in oratory or in pantomime; gesture [Obs.]

CHIROPLAST Chi"ro*plast, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of pupils in playing on the piano, etc.

CHIROPODIST Chi*rop"o*dist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who treats diseases of the hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns and bunions.

CHIROPODY Chirop"ody, n.

Defn: The art of treating diseases of the hands and feet.

CHIROSOPHIST Chiros"ophist, n. Etym: [Gr. Sophist.]

Defn: A fortune teller.

CHIRP Chirp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chirped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chirping.] Etym: [Of imitative orgin. Cf. Chirk, Chipper, Cheep, Chirm, Chirrup.]

Defn: To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as of small birds or crickets.

CHIRP Chirp, n.

Defn: A short, sharp note, as of a bird or insect. "The chirp of flitting bird." Bryant.

CHIRPER Chirp"er, n.

Defn: One who chirps, or is cheerful.

CHIRPING Chirp"ing, a.

Defn: Cheering; enlivening. He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his jokes. Pope.

CHIRPINGLY Chirp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chirping manner.

CHIRRE Chirre, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. girren, AS. corian to murmur, complain. *24.]

Defn: To coo, as a pigeon. [Obs.]

CHIRRUP Chir"rup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chirruped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chirruping.] Etym: [See Chirp.]

Defn: To quicken or animate by chirping; to cherup.

CHIRRUP Chir"rup, v. i.

Defn: To chirp. Tennyson. The criket chirrups on the hearth. Goldsmith.

CHIRRUP Chir"rup, n.

Defn: The act of chirping; a chirp. The sparrows' chirrup on the roof. Tennyson.

CHIRRUPY Chir"rupy, a.

Defn: Cheerful; joyous; chatty.

CHIRURGEON Chi*rur"geon, n. Etym: [F. chirurgien, from chirurgie surgery, fr. Gr. Surgeon, Work.]

Defn: A surgeon. [Obs.]

CHIRURGEONLY Chi*rur"geon*ly, adv.

Defn: Surgically. [Obs.] Shak.

CHIRURGERY Chi*rur"ger*y, n. Etym: [See Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgery.]

Defn: Surgery. [Obs.]

CHIRURGIC; CHIRURGICAL Chi*rur"gic, Chirur"gical, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chirurgiquerurgical, L. Chirurgicus, Gr. Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgical.]

Defn: Surgical [Obs.] "Chirurgical lore" Longfellow.

CHISEL Chis"el, n. Etym: [OF. chisel, F. ciseau, fr. LL. cisellus, prob. for caesellus, fr. L. caesus, p. p. of caedere to cut. Cf. Scissors.]

Defn: A tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working in timber, stone, metal, etc.; — usually driven by a mallet or hammer. Cold chisel. See under Cold, a.

CHISEL Chis"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chiseled, or Chiselled (p. pr. & vb. n. Chiseling, or Chiselling.] Etym: [Cf. F. ciseler.]

1. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; as, to chisel a block of marble into a statue.

2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat. [Slang]

CHISLEU Chis"leu, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: The ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of November with a part of December.

CHISLEY Chis"ley, a. Etym: [AS. ceosel gravel or sand. Cf. Chessom.]

Defn: Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; — said of a soil. Gardner.

CHIT Chit, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. ci shoot, sprig, from the same root as cinan to yawn. See Chink a cleft.]

1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a shoot; a sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of potatoes.

2. A child or babe; as, a forward chit; also, a young, small, or insignificant person or animal. A little chit of a woman. Thackeray.

3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart. [Obs.]

4. A small tool used in cleaving laths. Knight.

CHIT Chit, v. i.

Defn: To shoot out; to sprout. I have known barley chit in seven hours after it had been thrown forth. Mortimer.

CHIT Chit, 3d sing. of Chide.

Defn: Chideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHITCHAT Chit"chat, n. Etym: [From Chat, by way of reduplication.]

Defn: Familiar or trifling talk; prattle.

CHITIN Chi"tin, n. Etym: [See Chiton.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates; entomolin.

CHITINIZATION Chi`ti*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of becoming chitinous.

CHITINOUS Chi"ti*nous, a.

Defn: Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.

CHITON Chi"ton, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. An under garment among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern shirt.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal plates. See Polyplacophora.

CHITTER Chit"ter, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Chatter.]

1. To chirp in a tremulous manner, as a bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To shiver or chatter with cold. [Scot.] Burns.

CHITTERLING Chit"ter*ling, n.

Defn: The frill to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out resembled the small entrails. See Chitterlings. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

CHITTERLINGS Chit"ter*lings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. AS. cwiÞ womb, Icel. kvith, Goth. qiÞus, belly, womb, stomach, G. kutteln chitterlings.] (Cookery)

Defn: The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.

CHITTRA Chit"tra, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The axis deer of India.

CHITTY Chit"ty, a.

1. Full of chits or sprouts.

2. Childish; like a babe. [Obs.]

CHIVACHIE Chiv"a*chie`, n. Etym: [OF. chevauchie, chevauchée; of the same origin as E. cavalcade.]

Defn: A cavalry raid; hence, a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIVALRIC Chiv"al*ric, a. Etym: [See Chivalry.]

Defn: Relating to chivalry; knightly; chivalrous.

CHIVALROUS Chiv"al*rous, a. Etym: [OF. chevalerus, chevalereus, fr. chevalier. See Chivalry.]

Defn: Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic; gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous. In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Spenser.

CHIVALROUSLY Chiv"al*rous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chivalrous manner; gallantly; magnanimously.

CHIVALRY Chiv"al*ry, n. Etym: [F. chevalerie, fr. chevalier knight, OF., horseman. See Chevalier, and cf. Cavalry.]

1. A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on horseback; illustrious warriors, collectively; cavalry. "His Memphian chivalry." Milton. By his light Did all the chivalry of England move, To do brave acts. Shak.

2. The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit, usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of knight-errantry. Dryden.

3. The qualifications or character of knights, as valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc. The glory of our Troy this day doth lie On his fair worth and single chivalry. Shak.

4. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure of lands by knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or military service to his lord.

5. Exploit. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Court of chivalry, a court formerly held before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating to deeds of arms and war. Blackstone.

CHIVARRAS; CHIVARROS Chi*var"ras, Chi*var"ros, n. pl. [Mex. Sp.]

Defn: Leggings. [Mex. & Southwestern U. S.]

CHIVE Chive, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]

CHIVE Chive, n. Etym: [F. cive, fr. L. cepa, caepa, onion. Cf. Cives, Cibol.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant (Allium Schoenoprasum), allied to the onion. The young leaves are used in omelets, etc. [Written also cive.]

CHIVY Chiv"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chivied; p. pr. & vb. n. Chivying.] Etym: [Cf. Chevy.]

Defn: To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

CHLAMYDATE Chlam"y*date, a. Etym: [L. chlamydatus dressed in a military cloak. See Chlamys.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a mantle; — applied to certain gastropods.

CHLAMYPHORE Chlam"y*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus, and C. retusus) allied to the armadillo. It is covered with a leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached along the spine.

CHLAMYS Chla"mys, n.; pl. E. Chlamyses, L. Chlamydes. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: A loose and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient Greeks; a kind of cloak.

CHLOASMA Chlo*as"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous affection characterized by yellow or yellowish brown pigmented spots.

CHLORAL Chlo"ral, n. Etym: [Chlorine + alcohol.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Chloral hydrate. Chloral hydrate, a white crystalline substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when taken internally or hypodermically; — called also chloral.

CHLORALAMIDE Chlo"ral*am`ide, n. Etym: [Chloral + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of chloral and formic amide used to produce sleep.

CHLORALISM Chlo"ral*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition of the system resulting from excessive use of chloral.

CHLORALUM Chlor`al"um, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aluminium.]

Defn: An impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

CHLORANIL Chlor`an"il, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, C6Cl4.O2, regarded as a derivative of quinone, obtained by the action of chlorine on certain benzene derivatives, as aniline.

CHLORATE Chlo"rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorate. See Chlorine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of chloric acid; as, chlorate of potassium.

CHLORAURATE Chlor`au"rate, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aurate.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Aurochloride.

CHLORHYDRIC Chlor`hy"dric, a. Etym: [Chlorine + hydrogen + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hydrochloric.

CHLORHYDRIN Chlor`hy"drin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of compounds formed from certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the substitution of chlorine for one or more hydroxyl groups.

CHLORIC Chlo"ric, a. Etym: [From Chlorine.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, chlorine; — said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; as, chloric acid, HClO3. Chloric ether (Chem.), ethylene dichloride. See Dutch liquid, under Dutch.

CHLORIDATE Chlo"ri*date, v.t.

Defn: To treat or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride of silver, for the purposes of photography. R. Hunt.

CHLORIDE Chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of chlorine with another element or radical; as, chloride of sodium (common salt). Chloride of ammonium, sal ammoniac. — Chloride of lime, bleaching powder; a grayish white substance, CaOClcalcium hypochlorite. See Hypochlorous acid, under Hypochlorous. — Mercuric chloride, corrosive sublimate.

CHLORIDIC Chlo*rid"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.

CHLORIDIZE Chlo"rid*ize, v. t.

Defn: See Chloridate.

CHLORIMETRY Chlo*rim"e*try, n.

Defn: See Chlorometry.

CHLORINATE Chlo"rin*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chlorinated; p. pr. & vb. n. Chlorinating.] (Chem.)

Defn: To treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.

CHLORINATION Chlo`ri*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of subjecting anything to the action of chlorine; especially, a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas.

CHLORINE Chlo"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. Yellow.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in nature, the most important compound being common salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4. Chlorine family, the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the halogens, and classed together from their common peculiariries.

CHLORIODIC Chlor`i*od"ic, a.

Defn: Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and iodine.

CHLORIODINE Chlor`i"o*dine, n.

Defn: A compound of chlorine and iodine. [R.]

CHLORITE Chlo"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: The name of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and micaceous to granular in structure. They are hydrous silicates of alumina, iron, and magnesia. Chlorite slate, a schistose or slaty rock consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.

CHLORITE Chlo"rite, n. Etym: [Chlorous + -ite.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any salt of chlorous acid; as, chlorite of sodium.

CHLORITIC Chlo*rit"ic, a. Etym: [From 1st Chlorite.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, chlorite; as, chloritic sand.

CHLORMETHANE Chlor`meth"ane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless gas, CH3Cl, of a sweet odor, easily condensed to a liquid; — called also methyl chloride.

CHLORO- Chlo"ro-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting that chlorine is an ingredient in the substance named.

CHLOROCRUORIN Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin, n. Etym: [Gr. cruorin.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A green substance, supposed to be the cause of the green color of the blood in some species of worms. Ray Lankester.

CHLORODYNE Chlo"ro*dyne, n. Etym: [From chlorine, in imitation of anodyne.] (Med.)

Defn: A patent anodyne medicine, containing opium, chloroform, Indian hemp, etc.

CHLOROFORM Chlo"ro*form, n. Etym: [Chlorine + formyl, it having been regarded as a trichloride of this radical: cf. F. chloroforme, G. chloroform.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless volatile liquid, CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively used to produce anæsthesia in surgical operations; also externally, to alleviate pain.

CHLOROFORM Chlo"ro*form, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chloroformed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chloroforming.]

Defn: To treat with chloroform, or to place under its influence.

CHLOROLEUCITE Chlo`ro*leu"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. leucite.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Chloroplastid.

CHLOROMETER Chlo*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chloromètre. See Chlorine, and - meter.]

Defn: An instrument to test the decoloring or bleaching power of chloride of lime.

CHLOROMETRY Chlo*rom"e*try, n.

Defn: The process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of chlorine.

CHLOROPAL Chlo*ro"pal, n. Etym: [Gr. opal.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in appearance. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.

CHLOROPEPTIC Chlo`ro*pep"tic, a. Etym: [Chlorine + peptic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an acid more generally called pepsin- hydrochloric acid.

CHLOROPHANE Chlo"ro*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. chlorophane.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of fluor spar, which, when heated, gives a beautiful emerald green light.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The yellowish green pigment in the inner segment of the cones of the retina. See Chromophane.

CHLOROPHYLL Chlo"ro*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. chlorophylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Literally, leaf green; a green granular matter formed in the cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed to light) of plants, to which they owe their green color, and through which all ordinary assimilation of plant food takes place. Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in the tissues of the lower animals. [Written also chlorophyl.]

CHLOROPLAST Chlo"ro*plast, n. [Pref. chloro-+ Gr. to mold, form.] (Biol.)

Defn: A plastid containing chlorophyll, developed only in cells exposed to the light. Chloroplasts are minute flattened granules, usually occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm near the cell wall, and consist of a colorless ground substance saturated with chlorophyll pigments. Under light of varying intensity they exhibit phototactic movements. In animals chloroplasts occur only in certain low forms.

CHLOROPLASTID Chlo`ro*plas"tid, n. Etym: [Gr. plastid.] (Bot.)

Defn: A granule of chlorophyll; — also called chloroleucite.

CHLOROPLATINIC Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Platinichloric.

CHLOROSIS Chlo*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. chlorose.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: The green sickness; an anæmic disease of young women, characterized by a greenish or grayish yellow hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation, etc.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease in plants, causing the flowers to turn green or the leaves to lose their normal green color.

CHLOROTIC Chlo*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorotique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or affected by, chlorosis.

CHLOROUS Chlo"rous, a. Etym: [See Chlorine.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine; — said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid, HClO2.

2. (Chem. Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence, electro-negative; — opposed to basylous or zincous. [Obs.]

CHLORPICRIN Chlor`pi"crin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A heavy, colorless liquid, CCl3.NO2, of a strong pungent odor, obtained by subjecting picric acid to the action of chlorine. [Written also chloropikrin.]

CHLORURET Chlo"ru*ret, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorure.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chloride. [Obs.]

CHOAK Choak, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Choke.

CHOANOID Cho"a*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Funnel-shaped; — applied particularly to a hollow muscle attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and mammals.

CHOCARD Cho"card, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chough.

CHOCK Chock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chocking.]

Defn: To stop or fasten, as with a wedge, or block; to scotch; as, to chock a wheel or cask.

CHOCK Chock, v. i.

Defn: To fill up, as a cavity. "The woodwork . . . exactly chocketh into joints." Fuller.

CHOCK Chock, n.

1. A wedge, or block made to fit in any space which it is desired to fill, esp. something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent it from moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath it.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A heavy casting of metal, usually fixed near the gunwale. It has two short horn-shaped arms curving inward, between which ropes or hawsers may pass for towing, mooring, etc.

CHOCK Chock, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Entirely; quite; as, chock home; chock aft.

CHOCK Chock, v. t. Etym: [F. choquer. Cf. Shock, v. t.]

Defn: To encounter. [Obs.]

CHOCK Chock, n.

Defn: An encounter. [Obs.]

CHOCKABLOCK Chock"a*block, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit; brought close together, as the two blocks of a tackle in hoisting.

CHOCK-FULL Chock"-full`, a.

Defn: Quite full; choke-full.

CHOCOLATE Choc"o*late, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. the Mexican name of the cacao. Cf. Cacao, Cocoa.]

1. A paste or cake composed of the roasted seeds of the Theobroma Cacao ground and mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or vanilla.

2. The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the paste or cake in boiling water or milk. Chocolate house, a house in which customers may be served with chocolate. — Chocolate nut. See Cacao.

CHOCTAWS Choc"taws, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Choctaw. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes of the Indian Territory.

CHODE Chode,

Defn: the old imp. of chide. See Chide.

CHOGSET Chog"set, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cunner.

CHOICE Choice, n. Etym: [OE. chois, OF. chois, F. choix, fr. choisir to choose; of German origin; cf. Goth. kausjan to examine, kiusan to choose, examine, G. kiesen. *46. Cf. Choose.]

1. Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things that which is preferred; the determination of the mind in preferring one thing to another; election.

2. The power or opportunity of choosing; option. Choice there is not, unless the thing which we take be so in our power that we might have refused it. Hooker.

3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a preference; discrimination. I imagine they [the apothegms of Cæsar] were collected with judgment and choice. Bacon.

4. A sufficient number to choose among. Shak.

5. The thing or person chosen; that which is approved and selected in preference to others; selection. The common wealth is sick of their own choice. Shak.

6. The best part; that which is preferable. The flower and choice Of many provinces from bound to bound. Milton. To make a choice of, to choose; to select; to separate and take in preference.

Syn. - See Volition, Option.

CHOICE Choice, a. [Compar. Choicer; superl. Choicest.]

1. Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior; precious; valuable. My choicest hours of life are lost. Swift.

2. Preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; — used with of; as, to be choice of time, or of money.

3. Selected with care, and due attention to preference; deliberately chosen. Choice word measured phrase. Wordsworth.

Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary; careful/

CHOICEFUL Choice"ful, a.

Defn: Making choices; fickle. [Obs.] His choiceful sense with every change doth fit. Spenser.

CHOICELY Choice"ly, adv.

1. With care in choosing; with nice regard to preference. "A band of men collected choicely, from each county some." Shak.

2. In a preferable or excellent manner; excellently; eminently. "Choicely good." Walton.

CHOICENESS Choice"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being of particular value or worth; nicely; excellence.

CHOIR Choir, n. Etym: [OE. quer, OF. cuer, F. choeur, fr. L. chorus a choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. hortus garden, and E. yard. See Chorus.]

1. A band or organized company of singers, especially in church service. [Formerly written also quire.]

2. That part of a church appropriated to the singers.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The chancel. Choir organ (Mus.), one of the three or five distinct organs included in the full organ, each separable from the rest, but all controlled by one performer; a portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the vocal choir. — Choir screen, Choir wall (Arch.), a screen or low wall separating the choir from the aisles. — Choir service, the service of singing performed by the choir. T. Warton.

CHOKE Choke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Choked; p. pr. & vb. n. Choking.] Etym: [OE. cheken, choken; cf. AS. aceocian to suffocate, Icel. koka to gulp, E. chincough, cough.]

1. To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing upon, or squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to strangle. With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder. Shak.

2. To obstruct by filling up or clogging any passage; to block up. Addison.

3. To hinder or check, as growth, expansion, progress, etc.; to stifle. Oats and darnel choke the rising corn. Dryden.

4. To affect with a sense of strangulation by passion or strong feeling. "I was choked at this word." Swift.

5. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the bore of the barrel of a shotgun. To choke off, to stop a person in the execution of a purpose; as, to choke off a speaker by uproar.

CHOKE Choke, v. i.

1. To have the windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat, caused by stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be strangled.

2. To be checked, as if by choking; to stick. The words choked in his throat. Sir W. Scott.

CHOKE Choke, n.

1. A stoppage or irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of strangulation.

2. (Gun.) (a) The tied end of a cartridge. (b) A constriction in the bore of a shotgun, case of a rocket, etc.

CHOKEBERRY Choke"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped fruit of an American shrub (Pyrus arbutifolia) growing in damp thickets; also, the shrub.

CHOKEBORE Choke"bore`, n.

1. In a shotgun, a bore which is tapered to a slightly smaller diameter at a short distance (usually 2½ to 3 inches) to the rear of the muzzle, in order to prevent the rapid dispersion of the shot.

2. A shotgun that is made with such a bore.

CHOKEBORE Choke"bore`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chokebored; p. pr. & vb. n. Chokeboring.]

Defn: To provide with a chokebore.

CHOKECHERRY Choke"cher`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The astringent fruit of a species of wild cherry (Prunus Virginiana); also, the bush or tree which bears such fruit.

CHOKE DAMP Choke" damp`.

Defn: See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.

CHOKEDAR Cho`ke*dar", n. Etym: [Hindi chauki-dar.]

Defn: A watchman; an officer of customs or police. [India]

CHOKE-FULL Choke"-full`, a.

Defn: Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.

CHOKE PEAR Choke" pear`.

1. A kind of pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of the mouth.

2. A sarcasm by which one is put to silence; anything that can not be answered. [Low] S. Richardson.

CHOKER Chok"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, chokes.

2. A stiff wide cravat; a stock. [Slang]

CHOKE-STRAP Choke"-strap`, n. (Saddlery)

Defn: A strap leading from the bellyband to the lower part of the collar, to keep the collar in place.

CHOKING Chok"ing, a.

1. That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.

2. Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a person affected with strong emotion.

CHOKING COIL Choking coil. (Elec.)

Defn: A coil of small resistance and large inductance, used in an alternating-current circuit to impede or throttle the current, or to change its phase; —called also reactance coil or reactor, these terms being now preferred in engineering usage.

CHOKY; CHOKEY Chok"y Chok"ey, a.

1. Tending to choke or suffocate, or having power to suffocate.

2. Inclined to choke, as a person affected with strong emotion. "A deep and choky voice." Aytoun. The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather chokey. T. Hughes.

CHOLAEMAA Cho*læ"ma*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms, dependent upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in the blood.

CHOLAGOGUE Chol"a*gogue, a. Etym: [Gr. cholagogue.] (Med.)

Defn: Promoting the discharge of bile from the system. — n.

Defn: An agent which promotes the discharge of bile from the system.

CHOLATE Cho"late, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of cholic acid; as, sodium cholate.

CHOLECYSTIS Chol`e*cys"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The gall bladder.

CHOLECYSTOTOMY Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Cholecystis + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making an opening in the gall bladder, as for the removal of a gallstone.

CHOLEDOLOGY Chol`e*dol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. Cf. F. cholédologie.] (Med.)

Defn: A treatise on the bile and bilary organs. Dunglison.

Note: Littré says that the word cholédologie is absolutely barbarous, there being no Greek word cholology.

CHOLEIC Cho*le"ic, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; as, choleic acid.

CHOLER Chol"er, n. Etym: [OE. coler, F. colère anger, L. cholera a bilious complaint, fr. Gr. Gall, and cf. Cholera.]

1. The bile; — formerly supposed to be the seat and cause of irascibility. [Obs.] His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was sanguine, with a mixture of choler; and yet his motion was slow. I. Warton.

2. Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath. He is rash and very sudden in choler. Shak.

CHOLERA Chol"er*a, n. Etym: [L., a bilious disease. See Choler.] (Med.)

Defn: One of several diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one commonly called Asiatic cholera. Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly fatal disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea, rice- water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of reaction of fever. — Cholera bacillus. See Comma bacillus. — Cholera infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and especially fatal in large cities. — Cholera morbus, a disease characterized by vomiting and purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance. — Chicken cholera. See under Chicken. — Hog cholera. See under Hog. — Sporadic cholera, a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming epidemic.

CHOLERAIC Chol`er*a"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.

CHOLERIC Chol"er*ic, a. Etym: [L. cholericus, Gr. cholérique.]

1. Abounding with, or producing choler, or bile. Dryden.

2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to anger.

3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger. "Choleric speech." Sir W. Raleigh. Choleric temperament, the bilious temperament.

CHOLERICLY Chol"er*ic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a choleric manner; angrily.

CHOLERIFORM Chol"er*i*form`, a. Etym: [Cholera + -form.]

Defn: Resembling cholera.

CHOLERINE Chol"er*ine, n. (Med.) (a) The precursory symptoms of cholera. (b) The first stage of epidemic cholera. (c) A mild form of cholera.

CHOLEROID Chol"er*oid, a. Etym: [Cholera + -oid.]

Defn: Choleriform.

CHOLESTERIC Cho`les*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cholestérique.]

Defn: Pertaining to cholesterin, or obtained from it; as, cholesteric acid. Ure.

CHOLESTERIN Cho*les"ter*in, n. Etym: [Gr. cholestérine. See Stearin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, fatty, crystalline substance, tasteless and odorless, found in animal and plant products and tissue, and especially in nerve tissue, in the bile, and in gallstones.

CHOLIAMB; CHOLIAMBIC Cho"li*amb, Cho`li*am"bic, n. Etym: [L. choliambus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A verse having an iambus in the fifth place, and a spondee in the sixth or last.

CHOLIC; CHOLINIC Chol"ic, Cho*lin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the bile. Cholic acid (Chem.), a complex organic acid found as a natural constituent of taurocholic and glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resinous substance, convertible under the influence of ether into white crystals.

CHOLINE Cho"line, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Neurine.

CHOLOCHROME Chol"o*chrome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Bilirubin.

CHOLOPHAEIN Chol`o*phæ"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Bilirubin.

CHOLTRY Chol"try, n.

Defn: A Hindoo caravansary.

CHOMAGE Cho`mage", n. [F. chomage.]

1.

Defn: Stoppage; cessation (of labor).

2. A standing still or idle (of mills, factories, etc.).

CHOMP Chomp, v. i.

Defn: To chew loudly and greedily; to champ. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Halliwell.

CHONDRIFICATION Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Formation of, or conversion into, cartilage.

CHONDRIFY Chon"dri*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [Gr. -fy.]

Defn: To convert, or be converted, into cartilage.

CHONDRIGEN Chon"dri*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling in water into a gelatinous body called chondrin.

CHONDRIGENOUS Chon*drig"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Affording chondrin.

CHONDRIN Chon"drin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, amorphous, nitrogenous substance, tasteless and odorless, formed from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action of boiling water. It is similar to gelatin, and is a large ingredient of commercial gelatin.

CHONDRITE Chon"drite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A meteoric stone characterized by the presence of chondrules.

CHONDRITIC Chon*drit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Granular; pertaining to, or having the granular structure characteristic of, the class of meteorites called chondrites.

CHONDRITIS Chon*dri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of cartilage.

CHONDRO- Chon"dro-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form meaning a grain, granular, granular cartilage, cartilaginous; as, the chondrocranium, the cartilaginous skull of the lower vertebrates and of embryos.

CHONDRODITE Chon"dro*dite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color, often occurring in granular form in a crystalline limestone.

CHONDROGANOIDEA Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons; — so called on account of their cartilaginous skeleton.

CHONDROGEN Chon"dro*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Chondrigen.

CHONDROGENESIS Chon`dro*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The development of cartilage.

CHONDROID Chon"droid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling cartilage.

CHONDROLOGY Chon*drol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. chondrologie.] (Anat.)

Defn: The science which treats of cartilages. Dunglison.

CHONDROMA Chon*dro"ma, n.; pl. Chondromata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.]

Defn: A cartilaginous tumor or growth.

CHONDROMETER Chon*drom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A steelyard for weighting grain.

CHONDROPTERYGIAN Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chondropterygien.]

Defn: Having a cartilaginous skeleton. — n.

Defn: One of the Chondropterygii.

CHONDROPTERYGII Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fishes, characterized by cartilaginous fins and skeleton. It includes both ganoids (sturgeons, etc.) and selachians (sharks), but is now often restricted to the latter. [Written also Chondropterygia.]

CHONDROSTEI Chon*dros"te*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes, including the sturgeons; — so named because the skeleton is cartilaginous.

CHONDROTOMY Chon*drot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The dissection of cartilages.

CHONDRULE Chon"drule, n. Etym: [Dim. from Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A peculiar rounded granule of some mineral, usually enstatite or chrysolite, found imdedded more or less aboundantly in the mass of many meteoric stones, which are hence called chondrites.

CHOOSE Choose, v. t. [imp. Chose; p. p. Chosen, Chose (Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Choosing.] Etym: [OE. chesen, cheosen, AS. ceósan; akin to OS. kiosan, D. kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel. kjosa, Goth. kiusan, L. gustare to taste, Gr. jush to enjoy. *46. Cf. Choice, 2d Gust.]

1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to choose the least of two evils. Choose me for a humble friend. Pope.

2. To wish; to desire; to prefer. [Colloq.] The landlady now returned to know if we did not choose a more genteel apartment. Goldsmith. To choose sides. See under Side.

Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow. — To Choose, Prefer, Elect. To choose is the generic term, and denotes to take or fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than, another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To elect is to choose or select for some office, employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To choose a profession; to prefer private life to a public one; to elect members of Congress.

CHOOSE Choose, v. i.

1. To make a selection; to decide. They had only to choose between implicit obedience and open rebellion. Prescott.

2. To do otherwise. "Can I choose but smile" Pope. Can not choose but, must necessarily. Thou canst not choose but know who I am. Shak.

CHOOSER Choos"er, n.

Defn: One who chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an elector. Burke.

CHOP Chop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chopping.] Etym: [Cf. LG. & D. kappen, Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa. Cf. Chap to crack.]

1. To cut by striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into pieces; to mince; — often with up.

2. To sever or separate by one more blows of a sharp instrument; to divide; — usually with off or down. Chop off your hand, and it to the king. Shak.

3. To seize or devour greedily; — with up. [Obs.] Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which the fox presently chopped up. L'estrange.

CHOP Chop, v. i.

1. To make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other sharp instrument.

2. To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to catch or attempt to seize. Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the shadow, and loses the substance. L'Estrange.

3. To interrupt; — with in or out. This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly chopping in. Latimer.

CHOP Chop, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. koopen to buy. See Cheapen, v. t., and cf. Chap, v. i., to buy.]

1. To barter or truck.

2. To exchange; substitute one thing for another. We go on chopping and changing our friends. L'Estrange. To chop logic, to dispute with an affected use of logical terms; to argue sophistically.

CHOP Chop, v. i.

1. To purchase by way of truck.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To vary or shift suddenly; as, the wind chops about.

3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words. Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the judge. Bacon.

CHOP Chop, n.

Defn: A change; a vicissitude. Marryat.

CHOP Chop, v. t. & i.

Defn: To crack. See Chap, v. t. & i.

CHOP Chop, n.

1. The act of chopping; a stroke.

2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece, especially of meat; as, a mutton chop.

3. A crack or cleft. See Chap.

CHOP Chop, n. Etym: [See Chap.]

1. A jaw of an animal; — commonly in the pl. See Chops.

2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden vise.

3. The land at each side of the mouth of a river, harbor, or channel; as, East Chop or West Chop. See Chops.

CHOP Chop, n. Etym: [Chin. & Hind. chap stamp, brand.]

1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first chop.

2. A permit or clearance. Chop dollar, a silver dollar stamped to attest its purity. — chop of tea, a number of boxes of the same make and quality of leaf. — Chowchow chop. See under Chowchow. — Grand chop, a ship's port clearance. S. W. Williams.

CHOPBOAT Chop"boat`, n. Etym: [Chin. chop sort, quality.]

Defn: A licensed lighter employed in the transportation of goods to and from vessels. [China] S. W. Williams.

CHOPCHURCH Chop"church`, n. Etym: [See Chop to barter.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: An exchanger or an exchange of benefices. [Cant]

CHOPFALLEN Chop`fall`en, a.

Defn: Having the lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dejected; dispirited;downcast. See Chapfallen.

CHOPHOUSE Chop"house`, n.

Defn: A house where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house. The freedom of a chophouse. W. Irving.

CHOPHOUSE Chop"house`, n. Etym: [See Chop quality.]

Defn: A customhouse where transit duties are levied. [China] S. W. Williams.

CHOPIN Chop"in, n. Etym: [F. chopine, fr. G. schoppen.]

Defn: A liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain, varying from half a pint to a wine quart.

CHOPIN Chop"in, n.

Defn: See Chopine.

CHOPINE Cho*pine", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. chapin, escapin, Sp. chapin, Pg. chapim.]

Defn: A clog, or patten, having a very thick sole, or in some cases raised upon a stilt to a height of a foot or more. [Variously spelt chioppine, chopin, etc.] Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by the altitude of a chopine. Shak.

CHOP-LOGIC Chop"-log`ic, n.

Defn: One who bandies words or is very argunentative. [Jocular] Shak.

CHOPNESS Chop"ness, n.

Defn: A kind of spade. [Eng.]

CHOPPER Chop"per, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, chops.

CHOPPING Chop"ping, a. Etym: [Cf. Chubby.]

Defn: Stout or plump; large. [Obs.] Fenton.

CHOPPING Chop"ping, a. Etym: [See Chop to barter.]

Defn: Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind; also, having tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a chopping sea.

CHOPPING Chop"ping, n.

Defn: Act of cutting by strokes. Chopping block, a solid block of wood on which butchers and others chop meat, etc. — Chopping knife, a knife for chopping or mincing meat, vegetables, etc.; — usually with a handle at the back of the blade instead of at the end.

CHOPPY Chop"py, a. Etym: [Cf. Chappy.]

1. Full of cracks. "Choppy finger." Shak.

2. Etym: [Cf. Chop a change.]

Defn: Rough, with short, tumultuous waves; as, a choppy sea.

CHOPS Chops, n. pl. Etym: [See Chop a jaw.]

1. The jaws; also, the fleshy parts about the mouth.

2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a river, channel, harbor, or bay; as, the chops of the English Channel.

CHOPSTICK Chop"stick", n.

Defn: One of two small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the mouth.

CHOP SUEY; CHOP SOOY Chop su"ey or Chop soo"y . [Chin. (Cantonese) shap sui odds and ends, fr. shap for sap to enter the mouth + sui small bits pounded fine.]

Defn: A mélange served in Chinese restaurants to be eaten with rice, noodles, etc. It consists typically of bean sprouts, onions, mushrooms, etc., and sliced meats, fried and flavored with sesame oil. [U. S.]

CHORAGIC Cho*rag"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a choragus. Choragic monument, a building or column built by a victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition of the tripod which he received as a prize. Those of Lysicrates and Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.

CHORAGUS Cho*ra"gus, n.; pl. Choragi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense and under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical contents at Athens.

CHORAL Cho"ral, a. Etym: [LL. choralis, fr. L. chorus. See Chorus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singing, sung, or adapted to be sung, in chorus or harmony. Choral service, a service of song.

CHORAL Cho"ral, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A hymn tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the congregation; as, the Lutheran chorals. [Sometimes written chorale.]

CHORALIST Cho"ral*ist, n.

Defn: A singer or composer of chorals.

CHORALLY Cho"ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in harmony.

CHORD Chord, n. Etym: [L chorda a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr. cord. See Cord.]

1. The string of a musical instrument. Milton.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A combination of tones simultaneously performed, producing more or less perfect harmony, as, the common chord.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: A right line uniting the extremities of the arc of a circle or curve.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A cord. See Cord, n., 4.

5. (Engin.)

Defn: The upper or lower part of a truss, usually horizontal, resisting compression or tension. Waddell. Accidental, Common, and Vocal chords. See under Accidental, Common, and Vocal. — Chord of an arch. See Illust. of Arch. — Chord of curvature, a chord drawn from any point of a curve, in the circle of curvature for that point. — Scale of chords. See Scale.

CHORD Chord, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chorded; p. pr. & vb. n. Chording.]

Defn: To provide with musical chords or strings; to string; to tune. When Jubal struck the chorded shell. Dryden. Even the solitary old pine tree chords his harp. Beecher.

CHORD Chord, v. i. (Mus.)

Defn: To accord; to harmonize together; as, this note chords with that.

CHORDA Chor"da, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. chorda. See Chord.] (Anat.)

Defn: A cord. Chorda dorsalis (. Etym: [NL., lit., cord of the back.] (Anat.) See Notochord.

CHORDAL Chor"dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chord.

CHORDATA Chor*da"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. chorda cord.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive division of animals including all Vertebrata together with the Tunicata, or all those having a dorsal nervous cord.

CHORDEE Chor*dee", n. Etym: [F. cordé, cordée, p. p. of corder to cord.] (Med.)

Defn: A painful erection of the penis, usually with downward curvature, occurring in gonorrhea.

CHORE Chore, n. Etym: [The same word as char work done by the day.]

Defn: A small job; in the pl., the regular or daily light work of a household or farm, either within or without doors. [U. S.]

CHORE Chore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chored; p. pr. & vb. n. Choring.]

Defn: To do chores. [U. S.]

CHORE Chore, n.

Defn: A choir or chorus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CHOREA Cho*re"a. n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: St. Vitus's dance; a disease attended with convulsive twitchings and other involuntary movements of the muscles or limbs.

CHOREE Cho*ree", n. Etym: [F. chorée.]

Defn: See Choreus.

CHOREGRAPHIC; CHOREGRAPHICAL Cho`re*graph"ic, Cho`re*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to choregraphy.

CHOREGRAPHY Cho*reg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [GR. -graphy.]

Defn: The art of representing dancing by signs, as music is represented by notes. Craig.

CHOREIC Cho*re"ic, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.

CHOREPISCOPAL Cho`re*pis"co*pal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or authority.

CHOREPISCOPUS Cho`re*pis"co*pus, n.; pl. Chorepiscopi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Bishop.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A "country" or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient church by a diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a rural district.

CHOREUS; CHOREE Cho*re"us, Cho*ree" (, n. Etym: [L. choreus, Gr. chorée.] (Anc. Pros.) (a) a trochee. (b) A tribrach.

CHORIAMB Cho"ri*amb, n.; pl. Choriambs (.

Defn: Same as Choriambus.

CHORIAMBIC Cho`ri*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. choriambicus, gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a choriamb. — n.

Defn: A choriamb.

CHORIAMBUS Cho`ri*am"bus, n.; pl. L. Choriambi, E. Choriambuses. Etym: [L. choriambus, Gr. (Anc. Pros.)

Defn: A foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last are long, and the other short (- ~ ~ -); that is, a choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.

CHORIC Cho"ric, a. Etym: [L. choricus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chorus. I remember a choric ode in the Hecuba. Coleridge.

CHORION Cho"ri*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.) (a) The outer membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the similar membrane investing many ova at certain stages of development. (b) The true skin, or cutis.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer membrane of seeds of plants.

CHORISIS Cho"ri*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.

Note: In collateral chorisis the parts are side by side. — In parallel or median chorisis they are one in front of another.

CHORIST Cho"rist, n. Etym: [F. choriste.]

Defn: A singer in a choir; a chorister. [R.]

CHORISTER Chor"is*ter, n. Etym: [See Chorus.]

1. One of a choir; a singer in a chorus. Dryden.

2. One who leads a choir in church music. [U. S.]

CHORISTIC Cho*ris"tic, a.

Defn: Choric; choral. [R.]

CHOROGRAPH Cho"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for constructing triangles in marine surveying, etc.

CHOROGRAPHER Cho*rog"ra*pher, n.

1. One who describes or makes a map of a district or region. "The chorographers of Italy." Sir T. Browne.

2. A geographical antiquary; one who investigates the locality of ancient places.

CHOROGRAPHICAL Cho`ro*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to chorography. — Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

CHOROGRAPHY Cho*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. chorographia, Gr.

Defn: the mapping or description of a region or district. The chorography of their provinces. Sir T. Browne.

CHOROID Cho"roid, a. Etym: [gr. (Anat.)

Defn: resembling the chorion; as, the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and the choroid coat of the eyeball. — n.

Defn: The choroid coat of the eye. See Eye. Choroid plexus (Anat.), one of the delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely of blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the brain.

CHOROIDAL Cho*roid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the choroid coat.

CHOROLOGY Cho*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.)

Defn: The science which treats of the laws of distribution of living organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude, altitude, locality, etc. Its distribution or chorology. Huxley.

CHOROMETRY Cho*rom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art of surveying a region or district.

CHORTLE Chor"tle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chortled; p. pr. & vb. n. Chor"tling.]

Defn: A word coined by Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson), and usually explained as a combination of chuckle and snort. [Humorous]

O frabjous day ! Callooh ! Callay ! He chortled in his joy. Lewis Carroll.

CHORUS Cho"rus, n.; pl. Choruses. Etym: [L., a dance in a ring, a dance accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers and singers. Gr. Choir.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A band of singers and dancers. The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a chorus of singers. Dryden.

2. (Gr. Drama)

Defn: A company of persons supposed to behold what passed in the acts of a tragedy, and to sing the sentiments which the events suggested in couplets or verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by the chorus. What the lofty, grave tragedians taught In chorus or iambic. Milton.