P P (pe), (continued 4)

Syn. — Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See Minute.

PARTICULAR Par*tic"u*lar, n.

1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be considered separately; as, the particulars of a story. Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal. Bacon. It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of the community. L'Estrange.

2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality; interest, etc. [Obs.] For his particular I'll receive him gladly. Shak. If the particulars of each person be considered. Milton. Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or such as concern our particular. Whole Duty of Man.

3. (Law)

Defn: One of the details or items of grounds of claim; — usually in the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a particular of premises. The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was written. Ayliffe. Bill of particulars. See under Bill. — In particular, specially; peculiarly. "This, in particular, happens to the lungs." Blackmore. — To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or minutely.

PARTICULARISM Par*tic"u*lar*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. particularisme.]

1. A minute description; a detailed statement. [R.]

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine of particular election.

3. (German Politics)

Defn: Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those of the empire.

PARTICULARIST Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. particulariste.]

Defn: One who holds to particularism. — Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a.

PARTICULARITY Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. Particularities. Etym: [Cf. F. particularité.]

1. The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.

2. That which is particular; as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual characteristic; peculiarity. "An old heathen altar with this particularity." Addison. (b) Special circumstance; minute detail; particular. "Even descending to particularities." Sir P. Sidney. (c) Something of special or private concern or interest. Let the general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty sounds To cease! Shak .

PARTICULARIZATION Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of particularizing. Coleridge.

PARTICULARIZE Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized; p. pr. & vb. n. Particularizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. particulariser.]

Defn: To give as a particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail. He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but particularizes his descent from Benjamin. Atterbury.

PARTICULARIZE Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i.

Defn: To mention or attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a narrative.

PARTICULARLY Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly.

2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly fortunate man; a particularly bad failure. The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part of his character. Dryden.

PARTICULARMENT Par*tic"u*lar*ment, n.

Defn: A particular; a detail. [Obs.]

PARTICULATE Par*tic"u*late, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Particle.]

Defn: To particularize. [Obs.]

PARTICULATE Par*tic"u*late, a.

1. Having the form of a particle.

2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs, etc. [R.] The smallpox is a particulate disease. Tyndall.

PARTING Par"ting, a. Etym: [From Part, v.]

1. Serving to part; dividing; separating.

2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give him that parting kiss." Shak.

3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope.

4. Admitting of being parted; partible. Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer. — Parting pulley. See under Pulley. — Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. — Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights. — Parting tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece in two.

PARTING Par"ting, n.

1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21.

2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak. And there were sudden partings, such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron.

3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.

4. (Founding)

Defn: The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets that of another section.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.

6. (Geol.)

Defn: A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.

8. (Min.)

Defn: Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamellæ.

PARTISAN Par"ti*san, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf. Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.]

1. An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party or an interest. "The violence of a partisan." Macaulay. Both sides had their partisans in the colony. Jefferson.

2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a corps.

PARTISAN Par"ti*san, a. Etym: [Written also partizan.]

1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by partisan zeal.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan officer or corps. Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps.

PARTISAN Par"ti*san, n. Etym: [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light troops.]

Defn: A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff. And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave. Shak.

PARTISANSHIP Par"ti*san*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.

PARTITA Par*ti"ta, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A suite; a set of variations.

PARTITE Par"tite, a. Etym: [L. partitus, p.p. of partire to part, divide, from pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided nearly to the base; as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base.

PARTITION Par*ti"tion, n. Etym: [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.]

1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom. And good from bad find no partition. Shak.

2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions. No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass. Dryden.

3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.] "Lodged in a small partition." Milton.

4. (Law.)

Defn: The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A score. Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions. Brande & C.

PARTITION Par*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Partitioning.]

1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to partition an estate among various heirs.

2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to partition a house. Uniform without, though severally partitioned within. Bacon.

PARTITIONMENT Par*ti"tion*ment, n.

Defn: The act of partitioning.

PARTITIVE Par"ti*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting a part; as, a partitive genitive.

PARTITIVE Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A word expressing partition, or denoting a part.

PARTITIVELY Par"ti*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a partitive manner.

PARTLET Part"let, n. Etym: [Dim. of part.]

1. A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A hen; — so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame Partlett, the hen." Shak.

PARTLY Part"ly, adv.

Defn: In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18.

PARTNER Part"ner, n. Etym: [For parcener, influenced by part.]

1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. "Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c) One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, of a business. My other self, the partner of my life. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a partnership. See Partnership.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like. Dormant, or Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a.

Syn. — Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.

PARTNER Part"ner, v. t.

Defn: To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak.

PARTNERSHIP Part"ner*ship, n.

1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state.

2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest. Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by fatal partnership of power. Rowe. He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership. Dryden.

3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; as, to form a partnership.

4. (Law)

Defn: A contract between two or more competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or adventure. Kent. Story.

Note: Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary the test of, a partnership.

5. (Arith.)

Defn: See Fellowship, n., 6. Limited partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital. — Partnership in commendam, the title given to the limited partnership (F. société en commandité) of the French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. — Silent partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only.

PARTOOK Par*took",

Defn: imp. of Partake.

PARTRIDGE Par"tridge, n. Etym: [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F. perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus Perdix and several related genera of the family Perdicidæ, of the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird. Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. Chaucer.

Note: The common European, or gray, partridge (Perdix cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known species.

2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.]

Note: Among them are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx Montezumæ); and the California partridge (Callipepla Californica).

3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.] Bamboo partridge (Zoöl.), a spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. Several species are found in China and the East Indies. — Night partridge (Zoöl.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] — Painted partridge (Zoöl.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus pictus). — Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant (Mitchella repens) of the order Rubiaceæ, having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b) The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens); also, the plant itself. — Partridge dove (Zoöl.) Same as Mountain witch, under Mountain. — Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia Chamæcrista), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States. — Partridge shell (Zoöl.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium perdix), having colors variegated like those of the partridge. — Partridge wood (a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles. — Sea partridge (Zoöl.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); — so called from its note. — Snow partridge (Zoöl.), a large spurred partridge (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia. — Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. — Wood partridge, or Hill partridge (Zoöl.), any small Asiatic partridge of the genus Arboricola.

PARTURE Par"ture, n.

Defn: Departure. [Obs.] Spenser.

PARTURIATE Par*tu"ri*ate, v. i. Etym: [See Parturient.]

Defn: To bring forth young. [Obs.]

PARTURIENCY Par*tu"ri*en*cy, n.

Defn: Parturition.

PARTURIENT Par*tu"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. parturiens, p.pr. of parturire to desire to bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.]

Defn: Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor.

PARTURIFACIENT Par*tu`ri*fa"cient, n. Etym: [L. parturire to desire to bring forth + facere to make.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing. Dunglison.

PARTURIOUS Par*tu"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton.

PARTURITION Par`tu*ri"tion, n. Etym: [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F. parturition. See Parturient.]

1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.

2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.]

PARTURITIVE Par*tu"ri*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.]

PARTY Par"ty, n.; pl. Parties. Etym: [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir to part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.]

1. A part or portion. [Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer.

2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public policy. Win the noble Brutus to our party. Shak. The peace both parties want is like to last. Dryden.

3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially (Mil.), a small body of troops dispatched on special service.

4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to give a party.

5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the contract.

6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant. The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Ex. xxii. 9.

7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or antagonistic to another. It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony. Sir J. Davies.

8. Cause; side; interest. Have you nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany Shak.

9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.]

Note: "For several generations, our ancestors largely employed party for person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall. Party jury (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which is half natives and half foreigners. — Party man, a partisan. Swift. — Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men. Whately. — Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak. — Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a block or row.

PARTY Par"ty, a. Etym: [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and cf. Partite.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale.

2. Partial; favoring one party. I will be true judge, and not party. Chaucer. Charter party. See under Charter.

PARTY Par"ty, adv.

Defn: Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARTY-COATED Par"ty-coat`ed, a.

Defn: Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors. Shak.

PARTY-COLORED; PARTI-COLORED Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored, a.

Defn: Colored with different tints; variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs." Shak.

PARTYISM Par"ty*ism, n.

Defn: Devotion to party.

PARUMBILICAL Par`um*bil"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.)

Defn: Near the umbilicus; — applied especially to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen.

PARURE Pa`rure", n. [F., OF. pareure, LL. paraura, fr. L. parare to prepare. See Pare.]

Defn: An ornament or decoration for the person; esp., a decoration consisting of a set of ornaments to be used together; as, a parure of rubies or of embroideries.

PARUSIA Pa*ru"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech by which the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.

PARVANIMITY Par`va*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. parvus little + animus mind.]

Defn: The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; — opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey.

PARVENU Par"ve*nu`, n. Etym: [F., prop. p.p. of parvenir to attain to, to succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through + venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.]

Defn: An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.

PARVIS; PARVISE Par"vis, Par"vise, n. Etym: [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L. paradisus. See Paradise.]

Defn: a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; — sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer.

PARVITUDE; PARVITY Par"vi*tude, Par"vi*ty, n. Etym: [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little: cf. OF. parvité.]

Defn: Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray.

PARVOLIN Par"vo*lin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and mackerel.

PARVOLINE Par"vo*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid base, C

PAS Pas, n. Etym: [F. See Pace.]

1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer.

2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.

PASAN Pa"san, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gemsbok.

PASCH; PASCHA Pasch, Pas"cha, n. Etym: [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. pesach, fr. pasach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. pâque. Cf. Paschal, Paas, Paque.]

Defn: The passover; the feast of Easter. Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. — Pasch flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

PASCHAL Pas"chal, a. Etym: [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal eggs. Longfellow. Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter. — Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

PASENG Pa*seng", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat.

PASH Pash, v. t. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to fight with the fists.]

Defn: To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak.

PASH Pash, n. Etym: [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.]

1. The head; the poll. [R.] "A rough pash." Shak.

2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]

3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.]

PASHA Pa*sha", n. Etym: [Turk. pasha, basha; cf. Per. basha, badshah; perh. a corruption of Per. padishah. Cf. Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.]

Defn: An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.]

Note: There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being the highest.

PASHALIC Pa*sha"lic, n. [Written also pachalic.] Etym: [Turk.]

Defn: The jurisdiction of a pasha.

PASHAW Pa*shaw", n.

Defn: See Pasha.

PASIGRAPHIC; PASIGRAPHICAL Pas`i*graph"ic, Pas`i*graph"ic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.

PASIGRAPHY Pa*sig"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations. Good.

PASILALY Pas"i*la`ly, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal language.

PASK Pask, n. Etym: [See Pasque.]

Defn: See Pasch.

PASPY Pas"py, n. Etym: [F. passe-pied.]

Defn: A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; — called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy Smith.

PASQUE Pasque, n. Etym: [OF. pasque.]

Defn: See Pasch. Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also campana.

PASQUIL Pas"quil, n. Etym: [It. pasquillo.]

Defn: See Pasquin. [R.]

PASQUIL Pas"quil, v. t. [R.]

Defn: See Pasquin.

PASQUILANT Pas"quil*ant, n.

Defn: A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.

PASQUILER Pas"quil*er, n.

Defn: A lampooner. [R.] Burton.

PASQUIN Pas"quin, n. Etym: [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against the wall of the place of the Orsini; — so called from a witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.]

Defn: A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade. The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on the life of man. Dryden.

PASQUIN Pas"quin, v. t.

Defn: To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.] To see himself pasquined and affronted. Dryden.

PASQUINADE Pas`quin*ade", n. Etym: [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.]

Defn: A lampoon or satirical writing. Macaulay.

PASQUINADE Pas`quin*ade", v. t.

Defn: To lampoon, to satirize.

PASS Pass, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed; p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.] Etym: [F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to spread out, lay open. See Pace.]

1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; — usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over [i.e., pass on]." Chaucer. On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent. Milton. Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their bodies passed. Coleridge.

2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has passed into other hands. Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to unjust. Sir W. Temple.

3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die. Disturb him not, let him pass paceably. Shak. Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Dryden. The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes. Tennyson.

4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorly. So death passed upon all men. Rom. v. 12. Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. I. Watts.

5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their vacation passed pleasantly. Now the time is far passed. Mark vi. 35

6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; — followed by for before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a man." Shak. False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood. Felton. This will not pass for a fault in him. Atterbury.

7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.

8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass.

9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live alogn. "The play may pass." Shak.

10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act pass.

11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This passes, Master Ford." Shak.

12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.] As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not. Shak.

13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.

14. (Law)

Defn: To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a deed. Mozley & W.

15. (Fencing)

Defn: To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.

16. (Card Playing)

Defn: To decline to play in one's turn; in euchre, to decline to make the trump. She would not play, yet must not pass. Prior. To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. — To pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I am." Tennyson. — To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. — To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. — To pass on, to proceed. — To pass on or upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b) To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not pass upon his life." Shak. — To pass off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. — To pass over, to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.

PASS Pass, v. t.

1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence:

Defn: To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life." Milton. She loved me for the dangers I had passed. Shak.

(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard. Please you that I may pass This doing. Shak. I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. Dryden.

(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed. And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art. Spenser. Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most desolate hour. Byron.

(e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed his examination; the bill passed the senate.

2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand. I had only time to pass my eye over the medals. Addison. Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge. Clarendon.

(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak. Father, thy word is passed. Milton.

(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the senate passed the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a person into a theater, or over a railroad.

3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure.

5. (Fencing)

Defn: To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak. Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. — To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due. — To pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of her age." Ecclus. xlii. 9. — To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b) To excuse; to spare; to overlook. — To pass off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as a bishop." Macaulay. — To pass (something) on or upon (some one), to put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on her husband for a boy." Dryden. — To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass over an affront.

PASS Pass, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See Pass, v. i.]

1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass. "Try not the pass!" the old man said. Longfellow.

2. (Fencing)

Defn: A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary. Shak.

3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a mesmerist.

4. (Rolling Metals)

Defn: A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls.

5. State of things; condition; predicament. Have his daughters brought him to this pass. Shak. Matters have been brought to this pass. South.

6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater pass; a military pass. A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy. Kent.

7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak.

8. Estimation; character. [Obs.] Common speech gives him a worthy pass. Shak.

9. Etym: [Cf. Passus.]

Defn: A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer. Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. — Pass book. (a) A book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. — Pass box (Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service magazine to the piece. — Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning.

PASSABLE Pass"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. passable.]

1. Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream is passablein boats. His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare for steel. Shak.

2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current. With men as with false money — one piece is more or less passable than another. L'Estrange. Could they have made this slander passable. Collier.

3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre. My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is absent. Dryden.

PASSABLENESS Pass"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being passable.

PASSABLY Pass"a*bly, adv.

Defn: Tolerably; moderately.

PASSACAGLIA; PASSACAGLIO Pas`sa*ca*glia, Pas`sa*ca*glio, n. Etym: [Sp. pasacalle a certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a chaconne.

PASSADE; PASSADO Pas*sade", Pas*sa"do, n. Etym: [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See Pass, v. i.]

1. (Fencing)

Defn: A pass or thrust. Shak.

2. (Man.)

Defn: A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same spot of ground.

PASSAGE Pas"sage, n. Etym: [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.]

1. The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels of the body. What! are my doors opposed against my passage! Shak.

2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance. The ship in which he had taken passage. Macaulay.

3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage.

4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy mortal passage." Milton. When he is fit and season'd for his passage. Shak.

5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor. And with his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage to his heart. Dryden. The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia. South.

6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous series; as, the passage of time. The conduct and passage of affairs. Sir J. Davies. The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak.

7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak. The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief. South.

8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; a clause. How commentators each dark passage shun. Young.

9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms. No passages of love Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore. Tennyson.

11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.

12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack. The final question was then put upon its passage. Cushing. In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but in passage." Bacon. — Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. — Of passage, passing from one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; — said especially of birds "Birds of passage." Longfellow. — Passage hawk, a hawk taken on its passage or migration. — Passage money, money paid for conveyance of a passenger, — usually for carrying passengers by water.

Syn. — Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule.

PASSAGER Pas"sa*ger, n. Etym: [See Passenger.]

Defn: A passenger; a bird or boat of passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

PASSAGEWAY Pas"sage*way`, n.

Defn: A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.

PASSANT Pas"sant, a. Etym: [F., p.pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.]

1. Passing from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.] Many opinions are passant. Sir T. Browne.

2. Curs [Obs.] On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop. Sir P. Pett.

3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Her.)

Defn: Walking; — said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.

PASSE; PASSEE Pas`sé", masc. Pas`sé"e, fem., a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a passée belle. Ld. Lytton.

PASSEGARDE Passe"garde`, n. Etym: [F.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor.

PASSEMENT Passe"ment, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment. Sir W. Scott.

PASSEMENTERIE Passe*men"terie, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.

PASSENGER Pas"sen*ger, n. Etym: [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf. Messenger.]

1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak.

2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc. Passenger falcon (Zoöl.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. — Passenger pigeon (Zoöl.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations.

PASSENGER MILE Pas"sen*ger mile. (Railroads)

Defn: A unit of measurement of the passenger transportation performed by a railroad during a given period, usually a year, the total of which consists of the sum of the miles traversed by all the passengers on the road in the period in question.

PASSENGER MILEAGE Passenger mileage. (Railroads)

Defn: Passenger miles collectively; the total number of miles traveled by passengers on a railroad during a given period.

PASSE PARTOUT Passe" par`tout", n. Etym: [F., from passer to pass + partout everywhere.]

1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. A master key; a latchkey.

3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving for several pictures.

PASSER Pass"er, n.

Defn: One who passes; a passenger.

PASSER-BY Pass`er-by", n.

Defn: One who goes by; a passer.

PASSERES Pas"se*res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with many other small perching birds.

PASSERIFORM Pas*ser"i*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the Passeres.

PASSERINE Pas"ser*ine, a. Etym: [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Passeres. The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit trees. Sydney Smith.

PASSERINE Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Passeres.

PASSIBILITY Pas`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer; sensibility. Hakewill.

PASSIBLE Pas"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F. passible. See Passion.]

Defn: Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from external agents. Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible. Hooker.

PASSIBLENESS Pas"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Passibility. Brerewood.

PASSIFLORA Pas"si*flo"ra, n. Etym: [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus, to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type of the order Passifloreæ, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and fifty species.

PASSIM Pas"sim, adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Here and there; everywhere; as, this word occurs passim in the poem.

PASSING Pass"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away. Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W. Scott. Longfellow.

PASSING Pass"ing, a.

1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing.

2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity." Shak. Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. — Passing tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.

PASSING Pass"ing, adv.

Defn: Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.

PASSINGLY Pass"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Exceedingly. Wyclif.

PASSION Pas"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See Patient.]

1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18). To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts i. 3.

2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition; — opposed to action. A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and, when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it. Locke.

3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of impressions from external agents. [R.] Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other passions of matter. Bacon.

4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a passion; the passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion as well as rhetorical skill. "A passion fond even to idolatry." Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu. We also are men of like passions with you. Acts xiv. 15. The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood, without considering the affections and passions, or those modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil. Hutcheson. The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste — a kind of enthusiastic fondness for anything. Cogan. The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion. Shak. The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers reason still. Pope. Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion. Akenside. When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no passion for the glory of their country. Addison.

5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl. Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; — so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.

Note: The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian. Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ. — Passion play, a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically. — Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter. — Passion Week, the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week." Shipley.

Syn. — Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self- control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question.

PASSION Pas"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned; p.pr & vb. n. Passioning.]

Defn: To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats.

PASSION Pas"sion, v. i.

Defn: To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she doteth." Shak.

PASSIONAL Pas"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. — n.

Defn: A passionary.

PASSIONARY Pas"sion*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.]

Defn: A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton.

PASSIONATE Pas"sion*ate, a. Etym: [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionné.]

1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature. Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate. Prior.

2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate Pilgrim." Shak.

3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

PASSIONATE Pas"sion*ate, v. i.

1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.] Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen did passionate. Spenser.

2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.

PASSIONATELY Pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.

1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently. Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately. South.

2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.

PASSIONATENESS Pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being passionate.

PASSIONIST Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.

PASSIONLESS Pas"sion*less, a.

Defn: Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.

PASSIONTIDE Pas"sion*tide`, n. Etym: [Passion + tide time.]

Defn: The last fortnight of Lent.

PASSIVE Pas"sive, a. Etym: [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.]

1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene. The passive air Upbore their nimble tread. Milton. The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple ideas. Locke.

2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission. The best virtue, passive fortitude. Massinger.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively passive.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues. Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part. — Passive iron (Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. — Passive movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part. — Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government. — Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. — Passive verb, or Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired by all; he is assailed by slander.

Syn. — Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.

PASSIVE BALLOON; PASSIVE AEROPLANE Pas"sive bal*loon" or a"ër*o*plane.

Defn: One unprovided with motive power.

PASSIVE FLIGHT Passive flight.

Defn: Flight, such as gliding and soaring, accomplished without the use of motive power.

PASSIVELY Pas"sive*ly, adv.

1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.

2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.

PASSIVENESS Pas"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission. To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the power and action of its cause. J. Edwards.

PASSIVITY Pas*siv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. passivité.]

1. Passiveness; — opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

PASS-KEY Pass"-key`, n.

Defn: A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.

PASSLESS Pass"less, a.

Defn: Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.

PASSMAN Pass"man, n.; pl. Passmen (.

Defn: One who passes for a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.]

PASSOVER Pass"o`ver, n. Etym: [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.

PASS-PAROLE Pass`-pa*role", n. Etym: [F. passe-parole.] (Mil.)

Defn: An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.

PASSPORT Pass"port (, n. Etym: [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and Port a harbor.]

1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water. Caution in granting passports to Ireland. Clarendon.

2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.

3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct. Burrill.

4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance. Sir P. Sidney. His passport is his innocence and grace. Dryden.

PASSUS Pas"sus, n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (. Etym: [L., a step, a pace. See Pace.]

Defn: A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers Plowman. See 2d Fit.

PASSWORD Pass"word`, n.

Defn: A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.

PASSYMEASURE Pas"sy*meas`ure, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.]

Defn: See Paspy. Shak.

PAST Past, a. Etym: [From Pass, v.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton. Past master. See under Master.

PAST Past, n.

Defn: A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past, at least, is secure." D. Webster. The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a very remote past indeed. Trench.

PAST Past, prep.

1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled past endurance." Macaulay. Until we be past thy borders. Num. xxi. 22. Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame. L'Estrange.

2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour. Is it not past two o'clock Shak.

3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.] Not past three quarters of a mile. Shak. Bows not past three quarters of a yard long. Spenser.

PAST Past, adv.

Defn: By; beyond; as, he ran past. The alarum of drums swept past. Longfellow.

PASTE Paste, n. Etym: [OF. paste, F. pâte, L. pasta, fr. Gr. Pasty, n., Patty.]

1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.

2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.

3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, — used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., — also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.

4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass.

5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.

6. (Min.)

Defn: The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded. Paste eel (Zoöl.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.

PASTE Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.]

Defn: To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.

PASTEBOARD Paste"board`, n.

1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds, etc.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.

PASTEL Pas"tel, n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.]

1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in pastel." W. Black.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria); also, the dye itself.

PASTER Past"er, n.

1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department.

2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot. [Cant, U.S.]

PASTERN Pas"tern, n. Etym: [Of. pasturon, F. pâturon, fr. OF. pasture a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.]

1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse.

Note: The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof, the coffin bone. Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones.

2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight.

3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.

PASTEURIAN Pas*teur"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pasteur.

PASTEURISM Pas*teur"ism, n. Etym: [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.]

1. A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.

2. Pasteurization.

PASTEURIZATION Pas*teur`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a temperature of 140º F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained germs or ferments.

PASTEURIZE Pas*teur"ize, v. t.

1. To subject to pasteurization.

2. To treat by pasteurizm.

PASTEURIZER Pas"teur*iz`er, n.

Defn: One that Pasteurizes, specif. an apparatus for heating and agitating, fluid.

PASTEUR'S FLUID Pas`teur's" flu"id. (Biol.)

Defn: An artificial nutrient fluid invented by Pasteur for the study of alcoholic fermentation, but used also for the cultivation of bacteria and other organisms. It contains all the elements of protoplasm, and was originally made of the ash of yeast, some ammonia compound, sugar, and water.

PASTICCIO Pas*tic"ci*o, n. Etym: [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.]

1. A medley; an olio. [R.] H. Swinburne.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts supplied.

PASTIL; PASTILLE Pas"til, Pas*tille", n. Etym: [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.]

1. (Pharmacy)

Defn: A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, — used for fumigating or scenting the air of a room.

2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.

3. See Pastel, a crayon.

PASTIME Pas"time`, n. Etym: [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.]

Defn: That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.

PASTIME Pas"time`, v. i.

Defn: To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.]

PASTOR Pas"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf. Pabulum, Pasture, Food.]

1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.

2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the charge of a church and parish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.

PASTORAGE Pas"tor*age, n.

Defn: The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.

PASTORAL Pas"tor*al, a. Etym: [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.]

1. Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a pastoral life.

2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as, pastoral duties; a pastoral letter. Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. — Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors.

PASTORAL Pas"tor*al, n.

1. A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic. A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its effects on a country life. Rambler.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is taken from rural life. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.

PASTORALE Pas`to*ra"le, n. Etym: [It.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.

2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.

PASTORALLY Pas"tor*al*ly, adv.

1. In a pastoral or rural manner.

2. In the manner of a pastor.

PASTORATE Pas"tor*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.]

Defn: The office, state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.

PASTORIUM Pas*to"ri*um, n. [See Pastor; cf. Auditorium.]

Defn: A parsonage; — so called in some Baptist churches. [Southern U. S.]

PASTORLESS Pas"tor*less, a.

Defn: Having no pastor.

PASTORLING Pas"tor*ling, n.

Defn: An insignificant pastor. [R.]

PASTORLY Pas"tor*ly, a.

Defn: Appropriate to a pastor. Milton.

PASTORSHIP Pas"tor*ship, n.

Defn: Pastorate. Bp. Bull.

PASTRY Pas"try, n.; pl. Pastries (.

1. The place where pastry is made. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc. Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry cook of a hotel.

PASTURABLE Pas"tur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit for pasture.

PASTURAGE Pas"tur*age, n. Etym: [OF. pasturage, F. pâturage. See Pasture.]

1. Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.

2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.

3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.

PASTURE Pas"ture, n. Etym: [OF. pasture, F. pâture, L. pastura, fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.]

1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.] Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous. Spenser.

2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.

3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. Ps. xxiii. 2. So graze as you find pasture. Shak.

PASTURE Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pastured; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasturing.]

Defn: To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; as, the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture forty cows.

PASTURE Pas"ture, v. i.

Defn: To feed on growing grass; to graze.

PASTURELESS Pas"ture*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of pasture. Milton.

PASTURER Pas"tur*er, n.

Defn: One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See Agister.

PASTY Pas"ty, a.

Defn: Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty complexion." G. Eliot.

PASTY Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties. Etym: [OF. pasté, F. pâté. See Paste, and cf. Patty.]

Defn: A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie. "If ye pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties." Dickens. A large pasty baked in a pewter platter. Sir W. Scott.

PAT Pat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patted; p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.] Etym: [Cf. G. patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.]

Defn: To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog. Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite. Pope.

PAT Pat, n.

1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.

2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats. It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter. Dickens.

PAT Pat, a. Etym: [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas is fr. F. passer to pass.]

Defn: Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely. "Pat allusion." Barrow.

PAT Pat, adv.

Defn: In a pat manner. I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter. Sterne.

PATACA Pa*ta"ca, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: The Spanish dollar; — called also patacoon. [Obs.]

PATACHE Pa`tache", n. Etym: [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.)

Defn: A tender to a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain & Portugal]

PATACOON Pa`ta*coon", n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Pataca.

PATAGIUM Pa*ta"gi*um, n.; pl. Patagia. Etym: [L., an edge or border.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb with the body.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of Butterfly.

PATAGONIAN Pat`a*go"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Patagonia. — n.

Defn: A native of Patagonia.

PATAMAR Pat"a*mar, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel resembling a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also pattemar.]

PATAS Pa*tas", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey.

PATAVINITY Pat`a*vin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F. patavinité]

Defn: The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; — so called from Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.

PATCH Patch, n. Etym: [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche; cf. Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.]

1. A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole. Patches set upon a little breach. Shak.

2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.

3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty. Your black patches you wear variously. Beau. & Fl.

4. (Gun.)

Defn: A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.

5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn. Employed about this patch of ground. Bunyan.

6. (Mil.)

Defn: A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting.

7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou scurvy patch." Shak. Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea. — Soft patch, a patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted or riveted fast.

PATCH Patch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched; p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.]

1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like; as, to patch a coat.

2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house.

3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches. Ladies who patched both sides of their faces. Spectator.

4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; — generally with up; as, to patch up a truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak.

PATCHER Patch"er, n.

Defn: One who patches or botches. Foxe.

PATCHERY Patch"er*y, n.

Defn: Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy. [R.] Shak.

PATCHINGLY Patch"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]

PATCHOULI; PATCHOULY Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly, n. Etym: [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East Indian origin.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made.

2. The perfume made from this plant. Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly oil.

PATCHWORK Patch"work`, n.

Defn: Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a thing putched up. Swift.

PATCHY Patch"y, a.

Defn: Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in patches.

PATE Pa`té", a. (Her.)

Defn: See Patté.

PATE Pa`té", n. Etym: [F. pâté.]

1. A pie. See Patty.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place. [R.]

PATE Pate, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head; patt, patz, scab + kopf head.]

1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.] His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. Ps. vii. 16. Fat paunches have lean pate. Shak.

2. The skin of a calf's head.

PATED Pat"ed, a.

Defn: Having a pate; — used only in composition; as, long-pated; shallow-pated.

PATEE Pa*tee", n.

Defn: See Pattee.

PATEFACTION Pat`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open; patere to lie open + facere to make.]

Defn: The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open declaration. Jer. Taylor.

PATELA Pat"e*la, n. Etym: [Hind. patela.]

Defn: A large flat-bottomed trading boat peculiar to the river Ganges; — called also puteli.

PATELLA Pa*tel"la, n.; pl. Patellæ. Etym: [L., a small pan, the kneepan, dim. of patina, patena, a pan, dish.]

1. A small dish, pan, or vase.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The kneepan; the cap of the knee.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.

PATELLAR Pa*tel"lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan.

PATELLIFORM Pa*tel"li*form, a. Etym: [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.]

1. Having the form of a patella.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.

PATELLULA Pa*tel"lu*la, n.; pl. Patellulæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. patella. See Patella.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain insects.

PATEN Pat"en, n. Etym: [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan; cf. L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. patène. Cf. Patina.]

1. A plate. [Obs.]

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover. [Written also patin, patine.]

PATENA Pat"e*na, n. Etym: [LL.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A paten.

PATENA Pa*te"na, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. patena a paten.]

Defn: A grassy expanse in the hill region of Ceylon.

PATENCY Pa"ten*cy, n. Etym: [See Patent.]

1. The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread.

2. The state of being patent or evident.

PATENT Pat"ent (pât"ent or pat"ent), a. Etym: [L. patens, -entis, p.pr. of patere to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.]

1.

Note: (Oftener pronounced pat"ent in this sense)

Defn: Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest; public; conspicuous. He had received instructions, both patent and secret. Motley.

2. Open to public perusal; — said of a document conferring some right or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter.

3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines. Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent commodity. Mortimer.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or branch; as, a patent leaf. Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness work. — Patent office, a government bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting of patents. — Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention, and the control of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or prerogatives. — Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents.

PATENT Pat"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.]

1. A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person or party. Specifically: (a) A writing securing to an invention. (b) A document making a grant and conveyance of public lands. Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent. Fuller.

Note: In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of renewal except by act of Congress.

2. The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence, figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a patent. If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend. Shak.

PATENT Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.]

Defn: To grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public lands.

PATENTABLE Pat"ent*a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable to be patented; capable of being patented.

PATENTEE Pat`ent*ee", n.

Defn: One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent. Bacon.

PATENT-HAMMERED Pat"ent-ham"mered, a. (Stone Cutting)

Defn: Having a surface dressed by cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels clamped together.

PATENTLY Pat"ent*ly (; see Patent, a.), adv.

Defn: Openly; evidently.

PATERA Pat"e*ra, n.; pl. Pateræ(. Etym: [ L., fr. patere to lie open.]

1. A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and Romans in libations and sacrificies.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in relief on friezes, and the like.

PATERERO Pat`e*re"ro, n.

Defn: See Pederero. [Obs.]

PATERFAMILIAS Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as, n.; pl. Pateresfamilias. Etym: [L., fr. pater father + familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: The head of a family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his own master.

PATERNAL Pa*ter"nal, a. Etym: [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F. paternel. See Father.]

1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care. "Under paternal rule." Milton.

2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal estate. Their small paternal field of corn. Dryden. Paternal government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.

PATERNALISM Pa*ter"nal*ism, n. (Polit. Science)

Defn: The theory or practice of paternal government. See Paternal government, under Paternal. London Times.

PATERNALLY Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a paternal manner.

PATERNITY Pa*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. paternitas: cf. F. paternité. See Paternal.]

1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship; as, the divine paternity. The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other dominion than paternity and eldership. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the paternity of a child.

3. Origin; authorship. The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed. Sir W. Scott.

PATERNOSTER Pa"ter*nos`ter, n. Etym: [L., Our Father.]

1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A beadlike ornament in moldings.

3. (Angling)

Defn: A line with a row of hooks and bead Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. — Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a paternoster. Udall.

PATESI Pa*te"si, n. [Assyrian.] (Babylonian Antiq.)

Defn: A religious as well as a secular designation applied to rulers of some of the city states of ancient Chaldea, as Lagash or Shirpurla, who were conceived to be direct representatives of the tutelary god of the place.

PATH Path, n.; pl. Paths. Etym: [As. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. patha, path. sq. root21.]

1. A trodden way; a footway. The dewy paths of meadows we will tread. Dryden.

2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved; route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or action. All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Ps. xxv. 10. The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Gray.

PATH Path, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed; pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.]

Defn: To make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] "Pathing young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton.

PATH Path, v. i.

Defn: To walk or go. [R.] Shak.

PATHEMATIC Path`e*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.] Chalmers.

PATHETIC Pa*thet"ic, a. Etym: [L. patheticus, Gr. pathétique. See Pathos.]

1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [Obs.]

2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay. No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic. E. Porter. Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye. — Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. — The pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.

PATHETICAL Pa*thet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pathetic. [R.] — Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. — Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.

PATHETISM Path"e*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pathétisme.]

Defn: See Mesmerism. L. Sunderland.

PATHFINDER Path"find`er, n.

Defn: One who discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed regions. The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker. J. Burroughs.

PATHIC Path"ic, n. Etym: [L. pathicus, Gr.

Defn: A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite. [R.] B. Jonson.

PATHIC Path"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Passive; suffering.

PATHLESS Path"less, a.

Defn: Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as, pathless woods. Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way. Milton.

PATHMAKER Path"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, makes a way or path.

PATHOGENE Path"o*gene, n. Etym: [See Pathogenic.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of a class of virulent microörganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; — opposed to zymogene.

PATHOGENESIS Path`o*gen"e*sis, n. (Med.)

Defn: Pathogeny.

PATHOGENETIC Path`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pathogenic.

PATHOGENIC Path`o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium.

PATHOGENY Pa*thog"e*ny, n. (Med.) (a) The generation, and method of development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow fever is unsettled. (b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation and development of disease.

PATHOGNOMONIC Pa*thog`no*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.)

Defn: Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom. The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy. Arbuthnot.

PATHOGNOMY Pa*thog"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which human passions are indicated.

PATHOLOGIC; PATHOLOGICAL Path`o*log"ic, Path`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. pathologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pathology. — Path`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PATHOLOGIST Pa*thol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pathologiste.]

Defn: One skilled in pathology; an investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases.

PATHOLOGY Pa*thol"o*gy, n.; pl. Pathologies. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pathologie.] (Med.)

Defn: The science which treats of diseases, their nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc.

Note: Pathology is general or special, according as it treats of disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also subdivided into internal and external, or medical and surgical pathology. Its departments are nosology, ætiology, morbid anatomy, symptomatology, and therapeutics, which treat respectively of the classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases. Celluar pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the vital action of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body. Virchow.

PATHOPOELA Path`o*poe"la, n.; pl. -ias. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion. Smart.

PATHOS Pa"thos, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. pati to suffer, E. patient.]

Defn: That quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a poem, or of a cry. The combination of incident, and the pathos of catastrophe. T. Warton.

PATHWAY Path"way n.

Defn: A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively. Shak. In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is no death. Prov. xii. 28. We tread the pathway arm in arm. Sir W. Scott.

PATIBLE Pat"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.]

Defn: Sufferable; tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey.

PATIBULARY Pa*tib"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F. patibulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle.

PATIBULATED Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Hanged on a gallows. [R.]

PATIENCE Pa"tience, n. Etym: [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.]

1. The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain, poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc. Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience and long- suffering. Col. i. 11. I must have patience to endure the load. Shak. Who hath learned lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from his cross. Keble.

2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due or hoped for; forbearance. Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 29.

3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance. He learned with patience, and with meekness taught. Harte.

4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker. They stay upon your patience. Shak.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America than in Europe; monk's rhubarb.

6. (Card Playing)

Defn: Solitaire.

Syn. — Patience, Resignation. Patience implies the quietness or self- possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations, etc.; resignation implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic may have patience; the Christian should have both patience and resignation.

PATIENT Pa"tient, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p.pr. of pati to suffer. Cf. Pathos, Passion.]

1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear. Patient of severest toil and hardship. Bp. Fell.

2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble; long- suffering.

3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as, patient endeavor. Whatever I have done is due to patient thought. Sir I. Newton.

4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not overeager; composed. Not patient to expect the turns of fate. Prior.

5. Forbearing; long-suffering. Be patient toward all men. 1 Thess. v. 14.

PATIENT Pa"tient, n.

1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient. Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often involves the agent and the patient. Gov. of Tongue.

2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; — correlative to physician or nurse. Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever. Sir P. Sidney. In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary. — Out patient, one who receives advice and medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary.

PATIENT Pa"tient, v. t.

Defn: To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam." Shak.

PATIENTLY Pa"tient*ly, adv.

Defn: In a patient manner. Cowper.

PATIN; PATINE Pat"in, Pat"ine, n.

Defn: A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of bright gold." Shak.

PATINA Pat"ina, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. Paten.]

1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The color or incrustation which age gives to works of art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins, and medals. Fairholt.

PATIO Pa"ti*o, n. Etym: [Sp., a court] (Metal)

Defn: A paved yard or floor where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation.

Note: The patioprocess is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation.

PATISSERIE Pâ`tis`serie", n. [F. pâtisserie. See Pate.]

Defn: Pastry. Sterne.

PATLY Pat"ly, adv.

Defn: Fitly; seasonably. Barrow.

PATNESS Pat"ness, n.

Defn: Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; convenience. The description with equal patness may suit both. Barrow.

PATOIS Pa`tois", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial form of speech. The jargon and patois of several provinces. Sir T. Browne.

PATOLLI Pa*tol"li, n. [Mex. patolli dice.]

Defn: An American Indian game analogous to dice, probably originally a method of divination.

PATONCE Pa*tonce", a. Etym: [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.)

Defn: Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; - - said of a cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross.

PATRIAL Pa"tri*al, a. Etym: [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater father.] (Lat. Gram.)

Defn: Derived from the name of a country, and designating an inhabitant of the country; gentile; — said of a noun. — n.

Defn: A patrial noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial nouns, or patrials. Andrews.

PATRIARCH Pa"tri*arch, n. Etym: [F. patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. Father, Archaic.]

1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal right; — usually applied to heads of families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived before the time of Moses.

2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.)

Defn: A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch.

3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively. The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet. Longfellow. The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. Dryde.

PATRIARCHAL Pa`tri*ar"chal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. patriarcal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to, patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a patriarchal see; a patriarchal church.

2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable. About whose patriarchal knee Late the little children clung. Tennyson.

3. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Having an organization of society and government in which the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations. Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust. (2) of Cross. — Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation under which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.

PATRIARCHATE Pa`tri*ar"chate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. patriarcat.]

1. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor.

2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.

3. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A patriarchal form of government or society. See Patriarchal, a., 3.

PATRIARCHDOM Pa"tri*arch*dom, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate. [R.]

PATRIARCHIC Pa`tri*ar"chic, a. Etym: [L. patriarchicus, Gr.

Defn: Patriarchal.

PATRIARCHISM Pa"tri*arch*ism, n.

Defn: Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family.

PATRIARCHSHIP Pa"tri*arch*ship, n.

Defn: A patriarchate. Ayliffe.

PATRIARCHY Pa"tri*arch`y, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship. Brerewood.

2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.

PATRICIAN Pa*tri"cian, a. Etym: [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians.

2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; not plebeian. Born in the patrician file of society. Sir W. Scott. His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addison.

PATRICIAN Pa*tri"cian, n. Etym: [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.

2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.

3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.

PATRICIANISM Pa*tri"cian*ism, n.

Defn: The rank or character of patricians.

PATRICIATE Pa*tri"ci*ate, n.

Defn: The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of patriarch. Milman.

PATRICIDAL Pat*ri"ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.

PATRICIDE Pat*ri"cide, n. Etym: [L. pater father + caedere to kill. Cf. Parricide.]

1. The murderer of his father.

2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.

PATRIMONIAL Pat`ri*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [L.patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial estate.

PATRIMONIALLY Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By inheritance.

PATRIMONY Pat"ri*mo*ny, n.; pl. Patrimonies. Etym: [L. patrimonium, fr. pater father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.]

1. A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor. "'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak.

2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley.

PATRIOT Pa"tri*ot, n. Etym: [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto; all fr. Gr. Father.]

Defn: One who loves his country, and zealously supports its authority and interests. Bp. Hall. Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws. Pope.

PATRIOT Pa"tri*ot, a.

Defn: Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.

PATRIOTIC Pa`tri*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr.

Defn: Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country; as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance.

PATRIOTICAL Pa`tri*ot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. — Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

PATRIOTISM Pa"tri*ot*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. patriotisme.]

Defn: Love of country; devotion to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot; the passion which inspires one to serve one's country. Berkley.

PATRIOTS' DAY Pa"tri*ots' Day.

Defn: A legal holiday in the States of Massachusetts and Maine, April 19, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington in 1775. It was first observed in 1894. [U. S.]

PATRIPASSIAN Pa`tri*pas"sian, n. Etym: [LL. Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father + pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a body of believers in the early church who denied the independent preëxistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that the Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian. — Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism, n.

PATRIST Pa"trist, n.

Defn: One versed in patristics.

PATRISTIC; PATRISTICAL Pa*tris"tic, Pa*tris"tic*al, a. Etym: [F. patristique. See Paternal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church. The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology. I. Taylor.

PATRISTICS Pa*tris"tics, n.

Defn: That departnent of historical theology which treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.

PATRIZATE Pa"tri*zate, v. i. Etym: [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr.

Defn: To imitate one's father. [R.]

PATROCINATE Pa*troc"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. patrocinatus, p.p. of patrocinari to patronize, fr. patronus patron.]

Defn: To support; to patronize. [Obs.] Urquhart.

PATROCINATION Pa*troc`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of patrocinating or patronizing. [Obs.] "Patrocinations of treason." Bp. Hall.

PATROCINY Pa*troc"i*ny, n. Etym: [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.]

Defn: See Patrocination.

PATROL Pa*trol", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Patrolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Patrolling.] Etym: [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat, v.]

Defn: To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police district or beat.

PATROL Pa*trol", v.

Defn: t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; as, to patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.

PATROL Pa*trol", n. Etym: [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.]

1. (Mil.) (a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts. (b) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts. (c) The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty it is to patrol.

2. Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it; also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol. In France there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal regulations. A. Hamilton.

PATROLE Pa*trole", n. & v.

Defn: See Patrol, n. & v.

PATROLMAN Pa*trol"man, n.; pl. Patrolmen (.

Defn: One who patrols; a watchman; especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or city.

PATRON Pa"tron, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. patronus, fr. pater a father. See Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.]

1. One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender. "Patron of my life and liberty." Shak. "The patron of true holiness." Spenser.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master who had freed his slave, but still retained some paternal rights over him. (b) A man of distinction under whose protection another person placed himself. (c) An advocate or pleader. Let him who works the client wrong Beware the patron's ire. Macaulay.

3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art.

4. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]

5. A guardian saint. — called also patron saint.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: See Padrone, 2. Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See Granger, 2.

PATRON Pa"tron, v. t.

Defn: To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PATRON Pa"tron, a.

Defn: Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection; tutelary. Dryden. Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the peculiar protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an individual.

PATRONAGE Pa"tron*age, n. Etym: [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L. patronatus.]

1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters; patronage given to an author.

2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant]

3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison.

4. The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.

5. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson. Blackstone.

PATRONAGE Pa"tron*age, v. t.

Defn: To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend. [Obs.] Shak.

PATRONAL Pa"tron*al, a. Etym: [L. patronalis; cf. F. patronal.]

Defn: Patron; protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PATRONATE Pa"tron*ate, n. Etym: [L. patronatus.]

Defn: The right or duty of a patron; patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev.

PATRONESS Pa"tron*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. F. patronnesse.]

Defn: A female patron or helper. Spenser. Night, best patroness of grief. Milton.

PATRONIZATION Pa`tron*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of patronizing; patronage; support. [R.]

PATRONIZE Pa"tron*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized; p. pr. & vb. n. Patronizing.]

1. To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid. The idea has been patronized by two States only. A. Hamilton.

2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial Cant]

3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector, toward; — used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's equals.

PATRONIZER Pa"tron*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who patronizes.

PATRONIZING Pa"tron*i`zing, a.

Defn: Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a superior toward another. — Pat"ron*i`zing*ly, adv. Thackeray.