R R (är). (continued 14)

5. A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. "At routs and dances." Landor. To put to rout, to defeat and throw into confusion; to overthrow and put to flight.

ROUT Rout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Routed; p. pr. & vb. n. Routing.]

Defn: To break the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to rout. That party . . . that charged the Scots, so totally routed and defeated their whole army, that they fied. Clarendon.

Syn. — To defeat; discomfit; overpower; overthrow.

ROUT Rout, v. i.

Defn: To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to collect in company. [obs.] Bacon. In all that land no Christian[s] durste route. Chaucer.

ROUT CAKE Rout" cake`.

Defn: A kind of rich sweet cake made for routs, or evening parties.

Twenty-four little rout cakes that were lying neglected in a plate. Thackeray.

ROUTE Route (root or rout; 277), n. Etym: [OE. & F. route, OF. rote, fr. L. rupta (sc. via), fr. ruptus, p.p. of rumpere to break; hence, literally, a broken or beaten way or path. See Rout, and cf. Rut a track.]

Defn: The course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a passing; a course; a road or path; a march. Wide through the furzy field their route they take. Gay.

ROUTER Rout"er, n. (Carp.) (a) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the inside edges of circular sashes. (b) A plane with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole, for smoothing the bottom of a cavity.

ROUTHE Routhe, n.

Defn: Ruth; sorrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROUTINARY Rou"ti*na*ry, a.

Defn: Involving, or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary. [R.] Emerson.

ROUTINE Rou*tine", n. Etym: [F., fr. route a path, way, road. See Route, Roterepetition.]

1. A round of business, amusement, or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued; especially, a course of business or offical duties regularly or frequently returning.

2. Any regular course of action or procedure rigidly adhered to by the mere force of habit.

ROUTINISM Rou*tin""ism, n.

Defn: the practice of doing things with undiscriminating, mechanical regularity.

ROUTINIST Rou*tin"ist, n.

Defn: One who habituated to a routine.

ROUTISH Rout"ish, a.

Defn: Uproarious; riotous. [Obs.]

ROUTOUSLY Rout"ous*ly, adv. (Law)

Defn: With that violation of law called a rout. See 5th Rout, 4.

ROUX Roux, n. Etym: [F. beurre roux brown butter.] (Cookery)

Defn: A thickening, made of flour, for soups and gravies.

ROVE Rove, v. t. Etym: [perhaps fr. or akin to reeve.]

1. To draw through an eye or aperture.

2. To draw out into falkes; to card, as wool. Jamieson.

3. To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers of wool or cotton, and twist slightly before spinning.

ROVE Rove, n.

1. A copper washer upon which the end of a nail is clinched in boat building.

2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and

ROVE Rove, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roved; p. pr. & vb. n. Roving.] Etym: [Cf. D. rooven to rob; akin to E. reave. See Reave Rob.]

1. To practice robbery on the seas;to wander about on the seas in piracy. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

2. Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go, move, or pass without certain direction in any manner, by sailing, walking, riding, flying, or otherwise. For who has power to walk has power to rove. Arbuthnot.

3. (Archery)

Defn: To shoot at rovers; hence, to shoot at an angle of elevation, not at point-blank (rovers usually being beyond the point-blank range). Fair Venusson that with thy cruel dart At that good knoght cunningly didst rove. Spenser.

Syn. — To wander; roam; range; ramble stroll.

ROVE Rove, v. t.

1. To wander over or through. Roving the field, i chanced A goodly tree far distant to behold. milton.

2. To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two furrows together.

ROVE Rove, n.

Defn: The act of wandering; a ramble. In thy nocturnal rove one moment halt. Young. Rove beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles of the family Staphylinidæ, having short elytra beneath which the wings are folded transversely. They are rapid runners, and seldom fly.

ROVER Rov"er, n. Etym: [D. roover a robber. See Rove, v. i.]

1. One who practices robbery on the seas; a pirate. Yet Pompey the Great deserveth honor more justly for scouring the seas, and taking from the rovers 846 sail of ships. Holland.

2. One who wanders about by sea or land; a wanderer; a rambler.

3. Hence, a fickle, inconstant person.

4. (Croquet)

Defn: A ball which has passed through all the hoops and would go out if it hit the stake but is continued in play; also, the player of such a ball.

5. (Archery) (a) Casual marks at uncertain distances. Encyc. Brit. (b) A sort of arrow. [Obs.] All sorts, flights, rovers, and butt shafts. B. Jonson. At rovers, at casual marks; hence, at random; as, shooting at rovers. See def. 5 (a) above. Addison. Bound down on every side with many bands because it shall not run at rovers. Robynson (More's Utopia).

ROVING Rov"ing, n.

1. The operatin of forming the rove, or slightly twisted sliver or roll of wool or cotton, by means of a machine for the purpose, called a roving frame, or roving machine.

2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slightly twisted; a rove. See 2d Rove, 2. Roving frame, Roving machine, a machine for drawing and twisting roves and twisting roves and winding them on bobbin for the spinning machine.

ROVING Rov"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who roves or wanders.

ROVINGLY Rov"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a wandering manner.

ROVINGNESS Rov"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state of roving.

ROW Row, a. & adv. Etym: [See Rough.]

Defn: Rough; stern; angry. [Obs.] "Lock he never so row." Chaucer.

ROW Row, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. rouse, n.]

Defn: A noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a brawl. [Colloq.] Byron.

ROW Row, n. Etym: [OE. rowe, rawe, rewe, AS. raw, r; probably akin to D. rij, G. reihe; cf. Skr. r a line, stroke.]

Defn: A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses or columns. And there were windows in three rows. 1 Kings vii. 4. The bright seraphim in burning row. Milton. Row culture (Agric.), the practice of cultivating crops in drills. — Row of points (Geom.), the points on a line, infinite in number, as the points in which a pencil of rays is intersected by a line.

ROW Row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rowing.] Etym: [AS. r; akin to D. roeijen, MHG. rüejen, Dan. roe, Sw. ro, Icel. r, L. remus oar, Gr. aritra. sq. root8. Cf. Rudder.]

1. To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along the surface of water; as, to row a boat.

2. To transport in a boat propelled with oars; as, to row the captain ashore in his barge.

ROW Row, v. i.

1. To use the oar; as, to row well.

2. To be moved by oars; as, the boat rows easily.

ROW Row, n.

Defn: The act of rowing; excursion in a rowboat.

ROWABLE Row"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be rowed, or rowed upon. "That long barren fen, once rowable." B. Jonson.

ROWAN Row"an, n.

Defn: Rowan tree. Rowan barry, a barry of the rowan tree.

ROWAN TREE Row"an tree`. Etym: [Cf. Sw. rönn, Dan. rönne, Icel. reynir, and L. ornus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A european tree (Pyrus aucuparia) related to the apple, but with pinnate leaves and flat corymbs of small white flowers followed by little bright red berries. Called also roan tree, and mountain ash. The name is also applied to two American trees of similar habit (Pyrus Americana, and P. sambucifolia).

ROWBOAT Row"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat designed to be propelled by oars instead of sails.

ROWDY Row"dy, n.; pl. Rowdies. Etym: [From Rout, or Row a brawl.]

Defn: One who engages in rows, or noisy quarrels; a ruffianly fellow. M. Arnold.

ROWDYDOW Row"dy*dow, n.

Defn: Hubbub; uproar. [Vulgar]

ROWDYDOWDY Row"dy*dow`dy, a.

Defn: Uproarious. [Vulgar]

ROWDYISH Row"dy*ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a rowdy in temper or conduct; characteristic of a rowdy.

ROWDYISM Row"dy*ism, n.

Defn: the conduct of a rowdy.

ROWED Rowed, a.

Defn: Formed into a row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a twelve-rowed ear of corn.

ROWEL Row"el, n. Etym: [OF. roele, rouele, properly, a little wheel, F. rouelle collop, slice, LL. rotella a little wheel, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See Roll, and cf. Rota.]

1. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points. With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood. Cowper.

2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits. The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit. Spenser.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery.

ROWEL Row"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roweled or Rowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Roweling or Rowelling.] (Far.)

Defn: To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a horse). Mortimer.

ROWEL BONE Row"el bone`.

Defn: See rewel bone. [Obs.]

ROWEN Row"en, n. Etym: [Cf. E. rough, OE. row, rowe.] [Called also rowet, rowett, rowings, roughings.]

1. A stubble field left unplowed till late in the autumn, that it may be cropped by cattle. Turn your cows, that give milk, into your rowens till snow comes. Mortimer.

2. The second growth of grass in a season; aftermath. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

ROWER Row"er, n.

Defn: One who rows with an oar.

ROWETT Row"ett, n.

Defn: See Rowen.

ROWLOCK Row"lock ( colloq. , n. Etym: [For oarlock; AS. *rloc, where the second part is skin to G. loch a hole, E. lock a fastening. See Oar, and Lock.] (Naut.)

Defn: A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the oar.

ROWN Rown, v. i. & t.

Defn: see Roun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROWPORT Row"port, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An opening in the side of small vessels of war, near the surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm weather.

ROXBURGH Rox"burgh (; Scot. , n. Etym: [From the third duke of Roxburgh (Scotland), a noted book collector who had his books so bound.]

Defn: A style of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather, the sides paper or cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front and bottom left uncut.

ROY Roy (roi), n. Etym: [F. roi.]

Defn: A king. [obs.]

ROY Roy, a.

Defn: Royal. [Obs.] Chapman.

ROYAL Roy"al, a. Etym: [OE. roial, riall, real, OF. roial. reial, F. royal, fr. L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, king. See Rich, and cf. regal, real a coin, Rial.]

1. Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal domains; the royal family; royal state.

2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely. How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio Shak.

3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal Society. Battle royal. See under Battle. — Royal bay (Bot.), the classic laurel (Laurus nobilis.) — Royal eagle. (Zoöl.) See Golden eagle, under Golden. — Royal fern (Bot.), the handsome fern Osmunda regalis. See Osmund. — Royal mast (Naut.), the mast next above the topgallant mast and usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The royal yard and royal sail are attached to the royal mast. — Royal metal, an old name for gold. — Royal palm (Bot.), a magnificent West Indian palm tree (Oreodoxa regia), lately discovered also in Florida. — Royal pheasant. See Curassow. — Royal purple, an intense violet color, verging toward blue. — Royal tern (Zoöl.), a large, crested American tern (Sterna maxima). — Royal tiger. (Zoöl.) See Tiger. — Royal touch, the touching of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with the view of restoring to health; — formerly extensively practiced, particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil.

Syn. — Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike; princely; august; majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble; magnanimous.

ROYAL Roy"al, n.

1. Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper, n.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Totten.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag.

4. (Gun.)

Defn: A small mortar.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe; — now called the Royal Scots.

6. An old English coin. See Rial.

ROYALET Roy"al*et, n.

Defn: A petty or powerless king. [R.] there were at this time two other royalets, as only kings by his leave. Fuller.

ROYALISM Roy"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. royalisme.]

Defn: the principles or conduct of royalists.

ROYALIST Roy"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. royaliste.]

Defn: An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government. Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed. Waller.

ROYALIZATION Roy`al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making loyal to a king. [R.] Saintsbury.

ROYALIZE Roy"al*ize, v. t.

Defn: to make royal. Shak.

ROYALLY Roy"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a royal or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king. His body shall be royally interred. Dryden.

ROYAL SPADE Royal spade. (Auction Bridge)

Defn: A spade when spades are trumps under the condition that every trick over six taken by the successful bidder has a score value of 9; — usually in pl.

ROYALTY Roy"al*ty, n.; pl. Royalties. Etym: [OF. roialté, royaulté, F. royauté. See Royal, and cf. Regality.]

1. The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty. Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty. Holyday.

2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of royalty. For thus his royalty doth speak. Shak.

3. An emblem of royalty; — usually in the plural, meaning regalia. [Obs.] Wherefore do I assume These royalties, and not refuse to reign Milton.

4. Kingliness; spirit of regal authority. In his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be fear'd. Shak.

5. Domain; province; sphere. Sir W. Scott.

6. That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold and silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines, etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality.

7. A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest, etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to use the property.

8. Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the owner of an article by one who hires the use of it.

ROYNE Royne (roin), v. t. Etym: [F. rogner, OF. rooignier, to clip, pare, scare, fr. L. rotundus round See Rotund.]

Defn: To bite; to gnaw. [Written also roin.] [Obs.] Spenser.

ROYNISH Royn"ish, a. Etym: [F. rogneux, from rogne scab, mange, itch.]

Defn: Mangy; scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. [Written also roinish.] [Obs.] "The roynish clown." Shak.

ROYSTER; ROYSTERER Roys"ter, Roys"ter*er, n.

Defn: same as Roister, Roisterer.

ROYSTON CROW Roys"ton crow`. Etym: [So called from Royston, a town in England.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Hooded crow, under Hooded.

ROYTELET Roy"te*let, n. Etym: [F. roitelet, dim. of roi king.]

Defn: A little king. [Archaic] Heylin. Bancroft.

ROYTISH Roy"tish, a. Etym: [Prob. for riotish, from riot, like Scot. roytous for riotous.]

Defn: Wild; irregular. [Obs.]

RUB Rub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rubbing.] Etym: [Probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. rhwbiaw, gael. rub.]

1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper. It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth. Sir T. Elyot.

2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground.

3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body. Two bones rubbed hard against one another. Arbuthnot.

4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear. The smoothed plank, . . . New rubbed with balm. Milton.

5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; — often with up or over; as, to rub up silver. The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation. South.

6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.] 'T is the duke's pleasure, Whose disposition, all the world well knows, Will not be rubbed nor stopped. Shak. To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as, to down a horse. (b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub down the rough points. — To rub off, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by friction; as, to rub off rust. — To rub out, to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a stain. — To rub up. (a) To burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.

RUB Rub, v. i.

1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost.

2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.

3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world. To rub along or on, to go on with difficulty; as, they manage, with strict economy, to rub along. [Colloq.]

RUB Rub, n. Etym: [Cf. W. rhwb. See Rub, v,t,]

1. The act of rubbing; friction.

2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch. Every rub is smoothed on our way. Shak. To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub. Shak. Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit to demur. Hayward. One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have been ordained for us by a wise Providence. W. Besant.

3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness. Shak.

4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub.

5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

6. A chance. [Obs.] Flight shall leave no Greek a rub. Chapman.

7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; — called also rubstone. Rub iron, an iron guard on a wagon body, against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.

RUBA-DUB Rub"a-dub, n.

Defn: The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter. The rubadub of the abolition presses. D. Webster.

RUBAIYAT Ru*bai*yat", n. pl.; sing. Rubai. [Ar. ruba'iyah quatrian, pl. of ruba'iy having four radicals, fr. ruba' four.]

Defn: Quatrians; as, the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Sometimes in pl. construed as sing., a poem in such stanzas.

RUBATO Ru*ba"to, a. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Robbed; borrowed. Temple rubato. Etym: [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; — a term applied to a style of performance in which some tones are held longer than their legitimate time, while others are proportionally curtailed.

RUBBAGE Rub"bage (; 48), n.

Defn: Rubbish. [Obs.]

RUBBER Rub"ber, n.

1. One who, or that which, rubs. Specifically: (a) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. (b) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file. (c) A whetstone; a rubstone. (d) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. (e) The cushion of an electrical machine. (f) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath. (g) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Thackeray.

2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players; as, to play the rubber; also, a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games; as, to play a rubber of whist. Beaconsfield. "A rubber of cribbage." Dickens.

3. India rubber; caoutchouc.

4. An overshoe made of India rubber. [Colloq.] Antimony rubber, an elastic durable variety of vulcanized caoutchouc of a red color. It contains antimony sulphide as an important constituent. — Hard rubber, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc. — India rubber, caoutchouc. See Caoutchouc. — Rubber cloth, cloth covered with caoutchouc for excluding water or moisture. — Rubber dam (Dentistry), a shield of thin sheet rubber clasped around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.

RUBBERIZE Rub"ber*ize, v. t.

Defn: To coat or impregnate with rubber or a rubber solution or preparation, as silk.

RUBBIDGE Rub"bidge, n.

Defn: Rubbish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

RUBBING Rub"bing,

Defn: a. & n. from Rub, v.

RUBBISH Rub"bish, n. Etym: [OE. robows, robeux, rubble, originally an Old French plural from an assumed dim. of robe, probably in the sense of trash; cf. It. robaccia trash, roba stuff, goods, wares, robe. Thus, etymologically rubbish is the pl. of rubble. See Robe, and cf. Rubble.]

Defn: Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash; especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings; ruins; débris. What rubbish and what offal! Shak. he saw the town's one half in rubbish lie. Dryden. Rubbish pulley. See Gin block, under Gin.

RUBBISH Rub"bish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy. De Quincey.

RUBBLE Rub"ble, n. Etym: [From an assumed Old French dim. of robe See Rubbish.]

1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls. Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; brash. Brande & C.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Lyell.

4. pl.

Defn: The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc. [Prov.Eng.] Simmonds. Coursed rubble, rubble masonry in which courses are formed by leveling off the work at certain heights.

RUBBLESTONE Rub"ble*stone`, n.

Defn: See Rubble, 1 and 2.

RUBBLEWORK Rub"ble*work`, n.

Defn: Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in size and shape.

RUBBLY Rub"bly, a.

Defn: Relating to, or containing, rubble.

RUBEDINOUS Ru*bed"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. rubedo redness, fr. rubere to be red.]

Defn: Reddish. [R.] M. Stuart.

RUBEFACIENT Ru`be*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. rubefaciens, p.pr. of rubefacere to make red; rubere to be red + facere to make.]

Defn: Making red. — n. (Med.)

Defn: An external application which produces redness of the skin.

RUBEFACTION Ru`be*fac"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of making red.

RUBELET Ru"be*let (ru"be*lêt), n.

Defn: A little ruby. Herrick.

RUBELL; RUBELLE Ru*bell", Ru*belle", n. Etym: [L. rubellus reddish.]

Defn: A red color used in enameling. Weale.

RUBELLA Ru*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.)

Defn: An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; — called also German measles.

RUBELLITE Ru"bel*lite, n. Etym: [L. rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber red.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium.

RUBEOLA Ru*be"o*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.) (a) the measles. (b) Rubella.

RUBERYTHRINIC Ru`ber*y*thrin"ic, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + erythrin.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained.

RUBESCENCE Ru*bes"cence, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush.

RUBESCENT Ru*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. rubescens, -entis, p.pr. of rubescere to grow red, v. incho from rubere to be red: cf. F. rubescent. See Ruby.]

Defn: Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.

RUBIACEOUS Ru`bi*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants (Rubiaceæ) named after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms.

RUBIACIN Ru"bi*a*cin, n. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem)

Defn: A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.

RUBIAN Ru"bi*an, n. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root.

RUBIANIC Ru`bi*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically, designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. [Obs.]

RU BIBLE Ru" bi*ble, n.

Defn: A ribble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RUBICAN Ru"bi*can, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white or gray especially on the flanks; — said of horses. Smart.

RUBICELLE Ru"bi*celle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rubacelle, rubicelle, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil.

RUBICON Ru"bi*con, n. (Anc. geog.)

Defn: A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Cæsar.

Note: By leading an army across this river, contrary to the prohibition of the civil government at Rome, Cæsar precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take the decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise from which there is no retreat.

RUBICUND Ru"bi*cund, a. Etym: [L. rubicundus, fr. rubere to be red, akin to ruber red. See Red.]

Defn: Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. "His rubicund face." Longfellow.

RUBICUNDITY Ru`bi*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [LL. rubicunditas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rubicund; ruddiness. To parade your rubicundity and gray hairs. Walpole.

RUBIDIC Ru*bid"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium.

RUBIDINE Ru"bi*dine ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H17N; also, any one of the group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type.

RUBIDIUM Ru*bid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rubidus red, fr. rubere to be red. So called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by means of which it was discovered in the lepidolite from Rozena, Moravia. See Rubicund.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.

RUBIFIC Ru*bif"ic, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + facere to make.]

Defn: Making red; as, rubific rays. Grew.

RUBIFICATION Ru`bi*fic*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rubification.]

Defn: The act of making red. Howell.

RUBIFORM Ru"bi*form, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + -form.]

Defn: Having the nature or quality of red; as, the rubiform rays of the sun. [R.] Sir I. newton.

RUBIFY Ru"bi*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. rubéfier. See Rubific.]

Defn: To redden. [R.] "Waters rubifying." Chaucer.

RUBIGINOSE; RUBIGINOUS Ru*big"i*nose`, Ru*big"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. rubiginosus, fr. rubigo, robigo, rust: cf. F. rubigineux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the appearance or color of iron rust; rusty-looking.

RUBIGO Ru*bi"go, n. Etym: [L. rubigo, robigo, rust of metals, rust, blight.] (bot.)

Defn: same as Rust, n., 2.

RUBIN Ru"bin, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. rubinus, It. rubino. See Ruby.]

Defn: A ruby. [Obs.] Spenser.

RUBIOUS Ru"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. rubeus, fr. rubere to be red. See Rouge.]

Defn: Red; ruddy. [Obs.] Shak.

RUBIRETIN Ru`bi*re"tin, n. Etym: [Rubian + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the red dye products extracted from madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.

RUBLE Ru"ble, n. Etym: [Russ. ruble.]

Defn: The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written also rouble.]

RUBRIC Ru"bric, n. Etym: [OE. rubriche, OF. rubriche, F. rubrique ( cf. it. rubrica), fr. L. rubrica red earth for coloring, red chalk, the title of a law (because written in red), fr. ruber red. See red.]

Defn: That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence, specifically: (a) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. (b) (Law books) The title of a statute; — so called as being anciently written in red letters. Bell. (c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; — usually in the plural. All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the rubrics. Hook.

(d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. Cowper. Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions before Christianity. De Quincey.

RUBRIC Ru"bric, v. t.

Defn: To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] Johnson.

RUBRIC; RUBRICAL Ru"bric, Ru"bric*al, a.

1. Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics. What though my name stood rubric on the walls Or plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals Pope.

2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. "Rubrical eccentricities." C. Kingsley.

RUBRICATE Ru"bri*cate, a. Etym: [L. rubricatus p.p. of rubricare to color red. See Rubric, n.]

Defn: Marked with red. Sp

RUBRICATE Ru"bri*cate, v. t.

Defn: To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric; to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. Foxe. A system . . . according to which the thoughts of men were to be classed and rubricated forever after. Hare.

RUBRICIAN; RUBRICIST Ru*bri"cian, Ru"bri*cist, n.

Defn: One skilled in, or tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or rubrics.

RUBRICITY Ru*bric"i*ty, n.

Defn: Redness. [R.]

RUBSTONE Rub"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub.

RUBUS Ru"bus, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of rosaceous plants, including the raspberry and blackberry.

RUBY Ru"by, n.; pl. Rubies. Etym: [F. rubis (cf. Pr. robi), LL. rubinus, robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin to ruber. See Rouge, red.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of corundum.

Note: Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there are the balas ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of spinel, and the rock ruby, a red variety of garnet. Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white. Chaucer.

2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint. The natural ruby of your cheeks. Shak.

3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle.

4. (Print.)

Defn: See Agate, n., 2. [Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of South American humming birds of the genus Clytolæma. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast. Ruby of arsenic, Ruby of sulphur (Chem.), a glassy substance of a red color and a variable composition, but always consisting chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; — called also ruby sulphur. — Ruby of zinc (Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or sphalerite. — Ruby silver (Min.), red silver. See under Red.

RUBY Ru"by, a.

Defn: Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips.

RUBY Ru"by, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubied; p. pr. & vb. n. Rubying.]

Defn: To make red; to redden. [R.] Pope.

RUBYTAIL Ru"by*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European gold wasp (Chrysis ignita) which has the under side of the abdomen bright red, and the other parts deep bluish green with a metallic luster. The larva is parasitic in the nests of other wasps and of bees.

RUBY-TAILED Ru"by-tailed`, a.

Defn: Having the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red.

RUBYTHROAT Ru"by*throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of humming birds belonging to Trochilus, Calypte, Stellula, and allies, in which the male has on the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United States (Trochilus colubris).

RUBYWOOD Ru"by*wood`, n.

Defn: red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.

RUCERVINE Ru*cer"vine, a. Etym: [NL. Rucervus, the genus, fr. NL. Rusa a certain genus of deer (Malay r deer) + Cervus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rucervus, which includes the swamp deer of India.

RUCHE Ruche, n. Etym: [F. ruche ruche, beehive, OF. rusche a beehive, which was formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W. rhisg, rhisgl, bark, gael. rusg bark, rind.]

1. A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, — used in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women's dresses and bonnets. [Written also rouche.]

2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn.

RUCHING Ruch"ing, n.

Defn: A ruche, or ruches collectively.

RUCK Ruck, n.

Defn: A roc. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Drayton.

RUCK Ruck, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Rucking.] Etym: [Icel hrukkast to wrinkle, hrukka wrinkle, fold.]

Defn: To draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to ruck up a carpet. Smart.

RUCK Ruck, n. Etym: [Icel. hrukka. Cf. Ruck, v. t.]

Defn: A wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.

RUCK Ruck, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. ruge to brood, to hatch.]

Defn: To cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower. South. The sheep that rouketh in the fold. Chaucer.

RUCK Ruck, n. Etym: [Cf. Ruck.]

1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. & Scot.]

2. The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck in a horse race. [Colloq.] The ruck in society as a whole. Lond. Sat. Rev.

RUCTATION Ruc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ructatio, fr. ructare to belch: cf. F. ructation.]

Defn: The act of belching wind.

RUCTION Ruc"tion, n.

Defn: An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

RUD Rud, n. Etym: [AS. rudu, akin to reád red. sq. root113. See Red, and cf. Ruddy.]

1. Redness; blush. [Obs.]

2. Ruddle; red ocher.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rudd.

RUD Rud, v. t.

Defn: To make red. [Obs.] Spenser.

RUDBECKIA Rud*beck"i*a, n. [NL. So named after Olaf Rudebeck, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants, the coneflowers, consisting of perennial herbs with showy pedunculate heads, having a hemispherical involucre, sterile ray flowers, and a conical chaffy receptacle. There are about thirty species, exclusively North American. Rudbeckia hirta, the black-eyed Susan, is a common weed in meadows.

RUDD Rudd, n. Etym: [See Rud, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water European fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body, and red irises. Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. A blue variety is called azurine, or blue roach.

RUDDER Rud"der, n.

Defn: A riddle or sieve. [Prov. Eng.]

RUDDER Rud"der, n. Etym: [OE. rother, AS. roedher a paddle; akin to D. roer rudder, oar, G. ruder, OHG. roadar, Sw. roder, ror, Dan. roer, ror. sq. root 8. See Row to propel with an oar, and cf. Rother. ]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The mechanical appliance by means of which a vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank, and is fastened in an upright position, usually by one edge, to the sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it can be turned from side to side in the water by means of a tiller, wheel, or other attachment.

2. Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide or governor; that which guides or governs the course. For rhyme the rudder is of verses. Hudibras. Balance rudder (Naut.), a rudder pivoted near the middle instead of at the edge, — common on sharpies. — Drop rudder (Naut.), a rudder extending below the keel so as to be more effective in steering. — Rudder chain (Naut.), one of the loose chains or ropes which fasten the rudder to the quarters to prevent its loss in case it gets unshipped, and for operating it in case the tiller or the wheel is broken. — Rudder coat (Naut.), a covering of tarred canvas used to prevent water from entering the rudderhole. — Rudder fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The pilot fish. (b) The amber fish (Seriola zonata), which is bluish having six broad black bands. (c) A plain greenish black American fish (Leirus perciformis); — called also black rudder fish, logfish, and barrel fish. The name is also applied to other fishes which follow vessels. — Rudder pendants (Naut.), ropes connected with the rudder chains.

RUDDERHEAD Rud"der*head`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The upper end of the rudderpost, to which the tiller is attashed.

RUDDERHOLE Rud"der*hole, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The hole in the deck through which the rudderpost passes.

RUDDERLESS Rud"der*less, a.

Defn: Without a rudder.

RUDDERPOST Rud"der*post, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The shank of a rudder, having the blade at one end and the attachments for operating it at the other.

RUDDERSTOCK Rud"der*stock`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The main part or blade of the rudder, which is connected by hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of a vessel.

RUDDIED Rud"died, a.

Defn: Made ruddy or red.

RUDDILY Rud"di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ruddy manner. Byron.

RUDDINESS Rud"di*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ruddy; as, the ruddiness of the cheeks or the sky.

RUDDLE Rud"dle, v. t.

Defn: To raddle or twist. [Obs.]

RUDDLE Rud"dle, n.

Defn: A riddle or sieve. [Obs.] Holland.

RUDDLE Rud"dle, n. Etym: [See Rud; cf. Reddle.] (Min.)

Defn: A species of red earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher.

RUDDLE Rud"dle, v. t.

Defn: To mark with ruddle; to raddle; to rouge. "Their ruddled cheeks." Thackeray. A fair sheep newly ruddled. Lady M. W. Montagu.

RUDDOCK Rud"dock, n. Etym: [AS. ruddic; cf. W. rhuddog the redbreast. sq. root113. See Rud, n.] [Written also raddock.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European robin. "The tame ruddock and the coward kite." Chaucer.

2. A piece of gold money; — probably because the gold of coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also red ruddock, and golden ruddock. [Obs.] Great pieces of gold . . . red ruddocks. Florio.

RUDDY Rud"dy, a. [Compar. Ruddier; superl. Ruddiest.] Etym: [AS. rudig. See Rud, n.]

1. Of a red color; red, or reddish; as, a ruddy sky; a ruddy flame. Milton. They were more ruddy in body than rubies. Lam. iv. 7.

2. Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high health; as, ruddy cheeks or lips. Dryden. Ruddy duck (Zoöl.), an American duck (Erismatura rubida) having a broad bill and a wedge- shaped tail composed of stiff, sharp feathers. The adult male is rich brownish red on the back, sides, and neck, black on the top of the head, nape, wings, and tail, and white on the cheeks. The female and young male are dull brown mixed with blackish on the back; grayish below. Called also dunbird, dundiver, ruddy diver, stifftail, spinetail, hardhead, sleepy duck, fool duck, spoonbill, etc. — Ruddy plover (Zoöl.) the sanderling.

RUDDY Rud"dy, v. t.

Defn: To make ruddy. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

RUDE Rude, a. [Compar. Ruder; superl. Rudest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. rudis.]

1. Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse. Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, . . . had formed. Milton.

2. Hence, specifically: (a) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; — said especially of material things; as, rude workmanship. "Rude was the cloth." Chaucer. Rude and unpolished stones. Bp. Stillingfleet. The heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies. Milton.

(b) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil; clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; — said of persons, or of conduct, skill, and the like. "Mine ancestors were rude." Chaucer. He was but rude in the profession of arms. Sir H. Wotton. the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. Gray.

(c) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh; severe; — said of the weather, of storms, and the like; as, the rude winter. [Clouds] pushed with winds, rude in their shock. Milton. The rude agitation [of water] breaks it into foam. Boyle.

(d) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; — said of war, conflict, and the like; as, the rude shock of armies. (e) Not finished or complete; inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste; unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; — said of literature, language, style, and the like. "The rude Irish books." Spenser. Rude am I in my speech. Shak. Unblemished by my rude translation. Dryden.

Syn. — Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned; rugged; artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic; coarse; vulgar; clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught; illiterate; ignorant; uncivil; impolite; saucy; impudent; insolent; surly; currish; churlish; brutal; uncivilized; barbarous; savage; violent; fierce; tumultuous; turbulent; impetuous; boisterous; harsh; inclement; severe. See Impertiment. — Rude"ly, adv. — Rude"ness, n.

RUDENTURE Ru"den*ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. rudens a rope.] (Arch.)

Defn: Cabling. See Cabling. gwilt.

RUDERARY Ru"de*ra*ry, a. Etym: [L. ruderarius, fr. rudus, ruderis, stones crushed and mixed with lime, old rubbish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rubbish.. [Obs.] Bailey.

RUDESBY Rudes"by, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: An uncivil, turbulent fellow. [Obs.] Shak.

RUDESHEIMER; RUEDESHEIMER Rü"des*heim`er, n.

Defn: A German wine made near Rüdesheim, on the Rhine.

RUDIMENT Ru"di*ment, n. Etym: [L. rudimentum, fr. rudis unwrought, ignorant, rude: cf. F. rudiment. See Rude.]

1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning. but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth. Milton. the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape. I. Taylor.

2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step. This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of many desperate studies. Shak. There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare. Milton.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed.

RUDIMENT Ru"di*ment, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments. Gayton.

RUDIMENTAL Ru`di*men"tal, a.

Defn: Rudimentary. Addison.

RUDIMENTARY Ru`di*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rudimentaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development; embryonic.

RUDISH Rud"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat rude. Foote.

RUDISTES Ru*dis"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rudis rough.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic of the Cretaceous period; — called also Rudista. See Illust. under Hippurite.

RUDITY Ru"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. ruditas ignorance, fr. rudis rude, illiterate.]

Defn: Rudeness; ignorance. [R.]

RUDMASDAY Rud"mas*day, n. Etym: [See Rood, Mass, Day.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually.

RUDOLPHINE Ru*dolph"ine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; - - so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany.

RUE Rue, n. Etym: [F. rue, L. ruta, akin to Gr. r.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine. Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see. Milton. They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense, sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called herb of grace. Jer. Taylor.

2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. Goat's rue. See under Goat. — Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower (Thalictrum anemonides) common in the United States. — Wall rue, a little fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) common on walls in Europe.

RUE Rue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rued; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruing.] Etym: [OE. rewen, reouwen, to grive, make sorry, AS. hreówan; akin to OS. hrewan, D. rouwen, OHG. hriuwan, G. reun, Icel. hruggr grieved, hrugedh sorrow. sq. root 18. Cf. Ruth.]

1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over. Chaucer. I wept to see, and rued it from my heart. Chapmen. Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues. Milton.

2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] "God wot, it rueth me." Chaucer.

3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. [Prov. Eng.]

RUE Rue, v. i.

1. To have compassion. [Obs.] God so wisly [i. e., truly] on my soul rue. Chaucer. Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them. Ridley.

2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent. Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue. Chaucer. Old year, we'll dearly rue for you. Tennyson.

RUE Rue, n. Etym: [AS. hreów. See Rue, v. t.]

Defn: Sorrow; repetance. [Obs.] Shak.

RUEFUL Rue"ful, a.

1. Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful.

2. Expressing sorrow. "Rueful faces." Dryden. Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks. Sir W. Scott. — Rue"ful*ly, adv. — Rue"ful*ness, n.

RUELL BONE Ru"ell bone`.

Defn: See rewel bone. [Obs.]

RUELLE Ru*elle" (, n. Etym: [F. ruelle a narrow street, a lanrue a street.]

Defn: A private circle or assembly at a private house; a circle. [Obs.] Dryden.

RUFESCENT Ru*fes"cent, a. Etym: [L. rufescens, p.pr. of rufescere to become reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F. rufescent.]

Defn: Reddish; tinged with red.

RUFF Ruff, n. Etym: [F. ronfle; cf. It. ronfa, Pg. rufa, rifa.] (Card Playing) (a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Nares. (b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit led.

RUFF Ruff, v. i. & t. (Card Playing)

Defn: To trump.

RUFF Ruff, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. r rough, uncombed, Pr. ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G. raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E. rough. sq. root18. Cf. Ruffle to wrinkle.]

1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children. Here to-morrow with his best ruff on. Shak. His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out against ruffs; . . . they were come to that height of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of a ruff. Howell.

2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name. I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I spread. Pope.

3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness. How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their glory, have been taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the victor's chariot! L'Estrange.

4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.] To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff. Latimer.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle.

6. (Mach.)

Defn: A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion. See Illust. of Collar.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird.

8. (Zoöl.) (a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, or Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.

RUFF Ruff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffing.]

1. To ruffle; to disorder. Spenser.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.

3. (Hawking)

Defn: To hit, as the prey, without fixing it.

RUFF; RUFFE Ruff, Ruffe, n. Etym: [OE. ruffe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small freshwater European perch (Acerina vulgaris); — called also pope, blacktail, and stone, or striped, perch.

RUFFED Ruffed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a ruff. Ruffed grouse (Zoöl.), a North American grouse (Bonasa umbellus) common in the wooded districts of the Northern United States. The male has a ruff of brown or black feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted for the loud drumming sound he makes during the breeding season. Called also tippet grouse, partridge, birch partridge, pheasant, drummer, and white-flesher. — ruffed lemur (Zoöl.), a species of lemur (lemur varius) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head. Its color is varied with black and white. Called also ruffed maucaco.

RUFFIAN Ruf"fian ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. rufien, OF. ruffen, ruffian, pimp. libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp. rufian, It. ruffiano; all perhaps of German or Dutch origin; cf. G. raufen to pluck, scuffle, fight, OD. roffen to pander. Cf. Ruffle to grow urbulent.]

1. A pimp; a pander; also, a paramour. [Obs.] he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home, reveling with her ruffians. Bp. Reynolds.

2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat. Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian Shak.

RUFFIAN Ruf"fian, a.

Defn: brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian rage.

RUFFIAN Ruf"fian, v. i.

Defn: To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. [R.] Shak.

RUFFIANAGE Ruf"fian*age, n.

Defn: Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. "The vilest ruffianage." Sir F. Palgrave.

RUFFIANISH Ruf"fian*ish, a.

Defn: Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.

RUFFIANLIKE Ruf"fian*like`, a.

Defn: Ruffianly. Fulke.

RUFFIANLY Ruf"fian*ly, a.

Defn: Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal.

RUFFIANOUS Ruf"fian*ous, a.

Defn: Ruffianly. [Obs.] Chapman.

RUFFIN Ruf"fin, a. Etym: [See Ruffian.]

Defn: Disordered. [Obs.] His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood. Spenser.

RUFFLE Ruf"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffling.] Etym: [From Ruff a plaited collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD. ruyffelen to wrinkle.]

1. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.

2. To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt.

3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or commotion. The fantastic revelries . . . that so often ruffled the placid bosom of the Nile. I. Taylor. She smoothed the ruffled seas. Dryden.

4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers. [the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume. Tennyson.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.

6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb. These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind. Sir W. Hamilton. But, ever after, the small violence done Rankled in him and ruffled all his heart. Tennyson.

7. To throw into disorder or confusion. Where best He might the ruffled foe infest. Hudibras.

8. To throw together in a disorderly manner. [R.] I ruffled up falen leaves in heap. Chapman To ruffle the feathers of, to exite the resentment of; to irritate.

RUFFLE Ruf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Perhaps of different origin from ruffle to wrinkle; cf. OD. roffeln, roffen, to pander, LG. raffein, Dan. ruffer a pimp. Cf. Rufflan.]

1. To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. [R.] The night comes on, and the bleak winds Do sorely ruffle. Shak.

2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter. On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined, Ruffles at speed, and dances in the wind. Dryden.

3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger. They would ruffle with jurors. Bacon. Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery. Sir W. Scott.

RUFFLE Ruf"fle, n. Etym: [See Ruffle, v. t. & i.]

1. That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill.

2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; — called also ruff. H. L. Scott.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The connected series of large egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur. See Oötheca. Ruffle of a boot, the top turned down, and scalloped or plaited. Halliwell.

RUFFLELESS Ruf"fle*less, a.

Defn: Having no ruffle.

RUFFLEMENT Ruf"fle*ment, n.

Defn: The act of ruffling. [R.]

RUFFLER Ruf"fler, n.

1. One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian. Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew of rufflers. Milton.

2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for making ruffles.

RUFIGALLIC Ru`fi*gal"lic, a. Etym: [Rufiopin + gallic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene.

RUFIOPIN Ru`fi*o"pin, n. Etym: [L. rufus reddish + opianic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid.

RUFOL Ru"fol, n. Etym: [L. rufus reddish + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone.

RUFOUS Ru"fous, a. Etym: [L. rufus.]

Defn: Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny.

RUFT Ruft, n. (Med.)

Defn: Eructation; belching. [Obs.]

RUFTERHOOD Ruf"ter*hood, n. Etym: [Cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Falconry)

Defn: A kind of hood for a hawk.

RUG Rug, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. rugg entanglend hair, ruggig rugged, shaggy, probably akin to E. rough. See Rough, a.]

1. A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments. They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine . . . repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs. The mastiffs, . . . deeming he had been a bear, would fain have baited him. Holinshed.

2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, — used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potière, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc.

3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth. B. Johnson.

RUG Rug, v. t.

Defn: To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

RUGA Ru"ga, n.; pl. Rugæ. Etym: [L.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rugæ of the stomach.

RUGATE Ru"gate, a. Etym: [L. rugatus, p.p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr. ruga a wrinkle.]

Defn: Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Dana.

RUGGED Rug"ged, a. Etym: [See Rug, n.]

1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road. The rugged bark of some broad elm. Milton.

2. Not neat or regular; uneven. His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged. Shak.

3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. "The rugged Russian bear." Shak.

4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; — said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons. Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged, and unconcerned as ever. South.

5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Milton.

6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; — said of sound, style, and the like. Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line. Dryden.

7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; — said of looks, etc. "Sleek o'er your rugged looks." Shak.

8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; — said of conduct, manners, etc.

9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; — said of health, physique, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]

Syn. — Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement. — Rug"ged*ly, adv. — Rug"ged*ness, n.

RUGGING Rug"ging, n.

Defn: A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc.

RUG-GOWNED Rug"-gowned, a.

Defn: Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. Beau. & Fl.

RUGGY Rug"gy, a.

Defn: Rugged; rough. [Obs.] "With ruggy, ashy hairs." Chaucer.

RUG-HEADED Rug"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.] Those rough rug-headed kerns. Shak.

RUGIN Rug"in, n.

Defn: A nappy cloth. [Obs.] Wiseman.

RUGINE Ru"gine, n. Etym: [F.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a raspatory.

RUGINE Ru"gine, v. t. Etym: [F. ruginer to scrape.]

Defn: To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. [R.] Wiseman.

RUGOSA Ru*go"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Rugose.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid.

RUGOSE Ru*gose", a. Etym: [L. rugosus, r. ruga a wrinkle.]

Defn: Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of the sage and horehound.

RUGOSITY Ru*gos"i*ty, n. Etym: [l. rugositas: cf. F. rugosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rugose.

RUGOUS Ru"gous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rugueux.]

Defn: Wrinkled; rugose.

RUGULOSE Ru`gu*lose", a.

Defn: Somewhat rugose.

RUHMKORFF'S COIL Ruhm"korff's coil`. Etym: [So called from its inventor, Ruhmkorff, a german physicist.] (Elec.)

Defn: See Induction coil, under Induction.

RUIN Ru"in, n. Etym: [OE. ruine, F. ruine, fr. L. ruina, fr. ruere, rutum, to fall with violence, to rush or tumble down.]

1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] "His ruin startled the other steeds." Chapman.

2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes. "Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!" Gray.

3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like. The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous ruin cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The place where once the very ruins lay. Addison. The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character. Buckminster.

4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin.

5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction. The errors of young men are the ruin of business. Bacon.

Syn. — Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.

RUIN Ru"in, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruined;p. pr. & vb. n. Ruining.] Etym: [Cf. F. ruiner, LL. ruinare. See Ruin, n.]

Defn: To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow. this mortal house I'll ruin. Shak. By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. Milton. The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. Franklin. By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in the ashes. Longfellow.

RUIN Ru"in, v. i.

Defn: To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. [R.] Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell. Sandys. If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster. Locke.

RUINABLE Ru"in*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ruined.

RUINATE Ru"in*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. ruinatus, p.p. of ruinare to ruin. See Ruin.]

1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin. I will not ruinate my fShak. Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies. Burton.

2. To cause to fall; to cast down. On the other side they saw that perilous rock Threatening itself on them to ruinate. Spenser.

RUINATE Ru"in*ate, v. i.

Defn: To fall; to tumble. [Obs.]

RUINATE Ru"in*ate, a. Etym: [L. ruinatus, p.p.]

Defn: Involved in ruin; ruined. My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a mansion here all ruinate. J. Webster.

RUINATION Ru`in*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. ruinatio.]

Defn: The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.

RUINER Ru"in*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, ruins.

RUINIFORM Ru"in*i*form, a. Etym: [Ruin + -form: cf. F. ruiniforme.]

Defn: Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; — said of certain minerals.

RUINOUS Ru"in*ous, a. Etym: [L. ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See Ruin.]

1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a ruinous project. After a night of storm so ruinous. Milton.

2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state.

3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins. Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap. Isa. xvii. 1.

Syn. — Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious; destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous. — Ru"in*ous*ly, adv. — Ru"in*ous*ness, n.

RUKH Rukh, n. Etym: [Srr Roc.]

1. The roc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bird, supposed by some to be the same as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar. [Obs.]

RULABLE Rul"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to rule. Bacon.

RULE Rule, n. Etym: [OE. reule, riule, OF. riule, reule, F. régle, fr. L. regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to direct. See Right, a., and cf. Regular.]

1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket. We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most exact rules for the government of our lives. Tillotson.

2. Hence: (a) Uniform or established course of things. 'T is against the rule of nature. Shak.

(b) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six o'clock. (c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many exeptions. (d) Conduct in general; behavior. [Obs.] This uncivil rule; she shall know of it. Shak.

3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control. Obey them that have the rule over you. Heb. xiii. 17. His stern rule the groaning land obeyed. Pope.

4. (Law)

Defn: An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an action or a suit. Wharton.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube root.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: A general principle concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to the rule.

7. (a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. (b) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded compactly. A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his rule. South.

8. (Print.) (a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in tabular work. (b) A composing rule. See under Conposing. As a rule, as a general thing; in the main; usually; as, he behaves well, as a rule. — Board rule, Caliber rule,etc. See under Board, Caliber, etc. — Rule joint, a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and thus permit folding in one direction only. — Rule of three (Arith.), that rule which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the first; proportion. See Proportion, 5 (b). — Rule of thumb, any rude process or operation, like that of using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence, judgment and practical experience as distinguished from scientific knowledge.

Syn. — regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order; method; direction; control; government; sway; empire.

RULE Rule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruling.] Etym: [Cf. OF. riuler, ruiler, L. regulare. See Rule, n., and cf. Regulate.]

1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage. Chaucer. A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection. 1 Tim. iii. 2, 4.

2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; — used chiefly in the passive. I think she will be ruled In all respects by me. Shak.

3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice. That's are ruled case with the schoolmen. Atterbury.

4. (Law)

Defn: To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order of court.

5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book. Ruled surface (Geom.), any surface that may be described by a straight line moving according to a given law; — called also a scroll.

RULE Rule, v. i.

1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; — often followed by over. By me princes rule, and nobles. Prov. viii. 16. We subdue and rule over all other creatures. Ray.

2. (Law)

Defn: To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a rule. Burril. Bouvier.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before.

RULELESS Rule"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of rule; lawless. Spenser.

RULE-MONGER Rule"-mon`ger, n.

Defn: A stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.] Hare.

RULER Rul"er, n.

1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor. And he made him ruler over all the land. Gen. xii. 43. A prince and ruler of the land. Shak.

2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a). Parallel ruler. See under Parallel.

RULING Rul"ing, a.

1. Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling passion; a ruling sovereign.

2. Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine or pen.

Syn. — Predominant; chief; controlling; directing; guilding; governing; prevailing; prevalent.

RULING Rul"ing, n.

1. The act of one who rules; ruled lines.

2. (Law)

Defn: A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially an oral decision, as in excluding evidence.

RULINGLY Rul"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ruling manner; so as to rule.

RULLICHIES Rul"li*chies, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. D. rolletje alittle roll.]

Defn: Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and fried. [Local, New York]

RULY Rul"y, a. Etym: [From Rule.]

Defn: orderly; easily restrained; — opposed to Ant: unruly. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

RUM Rum, n. Etym: [probably shortened from prov. E. rumbullion a great tumult, formerly applied in the island of Barbadoes to an intoxicating liquor.]

Defn: A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or from the scumming of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating liquor. Rum bud, a grog blossom. [Colloq.] — Rum shrub, a drink composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice, with some flavoring extract.

RUM Rum, a. Etym: [Formerly rome, a slang word for good; possibly of Gypsy origin; cf. Gypsy rom a husband, a gypsy.]

Defn: Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow. [Slang] Dickens.

RUM Rum, n.

Defn: A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. [Slang, Obs.] Swift.

RUMBLE Rum"ble, v. i. Etym: [OE. romblen, akin to D. rommeln, G. rumpeln, Dan. rumle; cf. Icel. rumja to roar.]

1. To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder rumbles at a distance. In the mean while the skies 'gan rumble sore. Surrey. The people cried and rombled up and down. Chaucer.

2. To murmur; to ripple. To rumble gently down with murmur soft. Spenser.

RUMBLE Rum"ble, n.

1. A noisy report; rumor. [Obs.] Delighting ever in rumble that is new. Chaucer.

2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as, the rumble of a railboard train. Clamor and rumble, and ringing and clatter. tennyson. Merged in the rumble of awakening day. H. James.

3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage. Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the rumble behind. Dickens.

4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or poliched by friction against each other. rumble seat, a seat in the rear of an automobile, outside the passenger cabin, which folds out from the body

RUMBLE Rum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See Rumble, n., 4.

RUMBLER Rum"bler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rumbles.

RUMBLING Rum"bling,

Defn: a. & n. from Rumble, v. i.

RUMBLINGLY Rum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rumbling manner.

RUMBO Rum"bo, n.

Defn: grog. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

RUMBOWLINE Rum*bow"line, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Rombowline.

RUMEN Ru"men, n. Etym: [L. rumen, -inis, the throat.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The first stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust. below.

2. The cud of a ruminant.

RUMICIN Ru"mi*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow dock (Rumex crispus) and identical with chrysophanic acid.

RUMINAL Rumi*nal, a. Etym: [L. ruminalis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ruminant; ruminating. [R.]

RUMINANT Ru"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. ruminans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F. ruminant. See Ruminate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.

RUMINANT Ru"mi*nant, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.

RUMINANTIA Ru`mi*nan"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies.

Note: The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters the first stomach (r). It afterwards passes into the second (n), where it is moistened, and formed into pellets which the animal has the power of bringing back to the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is swallowed into the third stomach (m), whence it passes to the fourth (s), where it is finally digested.

RUMINANTLY Ru"mi*nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.

RUMINATE Ru"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ruminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruminating.] Etym: [L. ruminatus, p.p. of ruminari, ruminare, fr. rumen, -inis, throat, akin to ructare to belch, erugere to belch out, Gr. roccettan.]

1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed. "Cattle free to ruminate." Wordsworth.

2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect. Cowper. Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that ruminates on the felicity of heaven I. Taylor.

RUMINATE Ru"mi*nate, v. t.

1. To chew over again.

2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse on. Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin. Dryden. What I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set down. Shak.

RUMINATE; RUMINATED Ru"mi*nate, Ru"mi*na`ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw.

RUMINATION Ru`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ruminatio: cf. F. rumination.]

1. The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud. Rumination is given to animals to enable them at once to lay up a great store of food, and afterward to chew it. Arbuthnot.

2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection. Retiring full of rumination sad. Thomson.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been swallowed, — occasionally oberved as a morbid phenomenon in man.

RUMINATIVE Ru"mi*na*tive, a.

Defn: Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation.

RUMINATOR Ru"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who ruminates or muses; a meditator.

RUMKIN Rum"kin, n. Etym: [Cf. Rummer, and see -kin.]

Defn: A popular or jocular name for a drinking vessel. [Obs.]

RUMMAGE Rum"mage (; 48), n. Etym: [For roomage, fr. room; hence originally, a making room, a packing away closely. See Room.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A place or room for the stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the pulling and moving about of packages incident to close stowage; — formerly written romage. [Obs.]

2. A searching carefully by looking into every corner, and by turning things over. He has such a general rummage and reform in the office of matrimony. Walpole. Rummage sale, a clearance sale of unclaimed goods in a public store, or of odds and ends which have accumulated in a shop. Simmonds.

RUMMAGE Rum"mage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rummaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Rummaging.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To make room in, as a ship, for the cargo; to move about, as packages, ballast, so as to permit close stowage; to stow closely; to pack; — formerly written roomage, and romage. [Obs.] They night bring away a great deal more than they do, if they would take pain in the romaging. Hakluyt.

2. To search or examine thoroughly by looking into every corner, and turning over or removing goods or other things; to examine, as a book, carefully, turning over leaf after leaf. He . . . searcheth his pockets, and taketh his keys, and so rummageth all his closets and trunks. Howell. What schoolboy of us has not rummaged his Greek dictionary in vain for a satisfactory account! M. Arnold.

RUMMAGE Rum"mage, v. i.

Defn: To search a place narrowly. I have often rummaged for old books in Little Britain and Duck Lane. Swift. [His house] was haunted with a jolly ghost, that . . . . . . rummaged like a rat. Tennyson.

RUMMAGER Rum"ma*ger, n.

1. One who rummages.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A person on shipboard whose business was to take charge of stowing the cargo; — formerly written roomager, and romager. [Obs.] The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a romager, to range and bestow all merchandise. Hakluyt .

RUMMER Rum"mer (, n. Etym: [D. roemer, romer, akin to G. römer, Sw. remmare; perhaps properly, Roman.]

Defn: A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. [Obs.] J. Philips.

RUMMY Rum"my, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy flavor.

RUMMY Rum"my, n.; pl. Rummies (.

Defn: One who drinks rum; an habitually intemperate person. [Low]

RUMMY Rum"my, a. Etym: [See Rum, a.]

Defn: Strange; odd. [Slang]

RUMNEY Rum"ney, n.

Defn: A sort of Spanish wine. [Obs.]

RUMOR Ru"mor, n. Etym: [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare, rumitare to rumor, Skr. ru to cry.] [Written also rumour.]

1. A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety. This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea, and throughout all the region round about. Luke vii. 17. Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight. Shak.

2. A current story passing from one person to another, without any known authority for its truth; — in this sense often personified. Rumor next, and Chance, And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled. Milton.

3. A prolonged; indistinct noise. [Obs.] Shak.

RUMOR Ru"mor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rumored; p. pr. & vb. n. Rumoring.]

Defn: To report by rumor; to tell. 'T was rumored My father 'scaped from out the citadel. Dryden.

RUMORER Ru"mor*er, n.

Defn: A teller of news; especially, one who spreads false reports. Shak.

RUMOROUS Ru"mor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. rumoreux, It. rumoroso, romoroso.]

1. Of or pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. Famous; notorious. [Obs.] Bale.

3. Murmuring. [Obs. or Poetic] Drayton.

RUMP Rump, n. Etym: [OE. rumpe; akin to D. romp trunk, body, LG. rump, G. rumpf, Dan. rumpe rump, Icel. rumpr, Sw. rumpa rump, tail.]

1. The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the buttock or buttoks.

2. Among butchers, the piece of beef betwen the sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef.

3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant. Rump Parliament, or The Rump (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of the Long Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those who opposed his purposes. It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653, but twice revived for brief sessions, ending finally in 1659. The rump abolished the House of Lords, the army abolished the Rump, and by this army of saints Cromwell governed. Swift. — Rump steak, a beefsteak from the rump. Goldsmith.

RUMPER Rump"er, n.

Defn: A member or a supporter of the Rump Parliament. I. Disraeli.

RUMP-FED Rump"-fed, a.

Defn: A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps "fattened in the rump, pampered." "The rump-fed ronyon."

RUMPLE Rum"ple, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rumpled p. pr. & vb. n. Rumpling (.] Etym: [Cf. rimple, and D. rimpelen to wrinkle, rompelig rough, uneven, G. rümpgen to wrinkle, MHG. rümphen, OHG. rimpfan, Gr. "ra`mfos the crooked beak of birds of prey,

Defn: To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat. They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled and ragged Scoth paper for twenty of your fairest assignats. Burke.

RUMPLE Rum"ple, n.

Defn: A fold or plait; a wrinkle. Dryden.

RUMPLED Rum"pled, a.

Defn: Wrinkled; crumpled. Pope.

RUMPLESS Rump"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a rump.

RUMPLY Rum"ply, a.

Defn: Rumpled. Carlyle.

RUMPUS Rum"pus, n.

Defn: A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. [Colloq.]

RUMSELLER Rum"sell`er, n.

Defn: One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors; especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail.

RUN Run, v. i. [imp. Ran or Run; p. p. Run; p. pr. & vb. n. Running.] Etym: [OE. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p.p. runnen, ronnen). AS. rinnan to flow (imp. ran, p.p. gerunnen), and iernan, irnan, to run (imp. orn, arn, earn, p.p. urnen); akin to D. runnen, renne, OS. & OHG. rinnan, G. rinnen, rennen, Icel. renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, ränna, Dan. rinde, rende, Goth. rinnan, and perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr. Origin), or perh. to L. rivus brook (cf. Rival). *11. Cf. Ember, a., Rennet.]

1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; — said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: —

2. Of voluntary or personal action: (a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten. "Ha, ha, the fox!" and after him they ran. Chaucer.

(b) To flee, as from fear or danger. As from a bear a man would run for life. Shak.

(c) To steal off; to depart secretly. My conscience will serve me to run from this jew. Shak.

(d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress. Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize So run, that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24.

(e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; — often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt. Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with grief and run distracted Addison.

(f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. (g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject. Addison.

(h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; — with on. (i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; - - with on. (j) To creep, as serpents.

3. Of involuntary motion: (a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. (b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23.

(c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse. As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run. Addison. Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire. Woodward.

(d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. (e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. (f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not the contrary. She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son. Pope.

(g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. (h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass. As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster. Addison.

(i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones. Swift.

(j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it. Locke. Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason. Shak.

(k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words. The king's ordinary style runneth, "Our sovereign lord the king." Bp. Sanderson.

(l) To be popularly known; to be generally received. Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome. Sir W. Temple. Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself. Knolle

(m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly. if the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves. Mortimer.

(n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds. Bacon. Temperate climates run into moderate governments. Swift.

(o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing. In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished, but near the borders they run into one another. I. Watts.

(p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land. Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid. Sir J. Child.

(q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run. (r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs. (s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months. (t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; — said of vessels.

4. Specifically, of horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Stillman (The Horse in Motion).

5. (Athletics)

Defn: To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; — so distinguished from walking in athletic competition. As thing run, according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or specification. — To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. — To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as to run after similies. Locke. — To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. — To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs away with a carriage. — To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of the motive power; — said of clocks, watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health. — To run down a coast, to sail along it. — To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office. — To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in collision with. — To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] — To run in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land. — To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad. — To run on. (a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph. — To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. "Insectile animals . . . run all out into legs." Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon run out. And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out. Dryden. — To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child. — To run riot, to go to excess. — To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. — To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. — To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very fast. But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees. Sir W. Scott. — To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance. "Its rivers ran with gold." J. H. Newman.

RUN Run (, v. t.

1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block.

2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. To run the world back to its first original. South. I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its "punctum saliens." Collier.

3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot. You run your head into the lion's mouth. Sir W. Scott. Having run his fingers through his hair. Dickens.

4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. They ran the ship aground. Acts xxvii. 41. A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets. Ray. Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions. Locke.

5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like. The purest gold must be run and washed. Felton.

6. To cause to be draw; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line.

7. To cause to pass, to evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; — said of contraband or dutiable goods. heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of running goods. Swift.

8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career.

9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.]

10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chance, below. "He runneth two dangers." Bacon.

11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them. Clarendon.

12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water. At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell. Shak.

13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood.

14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.]

15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.]

16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.

17. To migrate or move in schools; — said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn. To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. — To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted; as, to run down, a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. "religion is run down by the license of these times." Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. — To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely. — To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] — To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. — To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. — To run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while running between two bases. — To run the chances, or one's chances, to encounter all the risks of a certain course. — To run through, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. "[He] was run through the body by the man who had asked his advice." Addison. — To run up. (a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender. (b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account.run up a bill (c) To erect hastily, as a building.

RUN Run, n.

1. The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run.

2. A small stream; a brook; a creek.

3. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard.

4. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as, a run of good or bad luck. They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities. Burke.