P P (pe), (continued 12)

2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men. There's some ill planet reigns. Shak. Planet gear. (Mach.) See Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic. — Planet wheel, a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with which it meshes, in an epicyclic train.

PLANE TABLE Plane" ta`ble.

Defn: See under Plane, a.

PLANETARIUM Plan`e*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. planétaire. See Planetary.]

Defn: An orrery. See Orrery.

PLANETARY Plan"et*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. L. planetarius an astrologer, F. planétaire planetary. See Planet.]

1. Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.

2. Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: Under the dominion or influence of a planet. "Skilled in the planetary hours." Drayton.

4. Caused by planets. "A planetary plague." Shak.

5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering. "Erratical and planetary life." Fuller. Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets known to the ancients, each having its day. Hutton. — Planetary nebula, a nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet.

PLANETED Plan"et*ed, a.

Defn: Belonging to planets. [R.] Young.

PLANETIC; PLANETICAL Pla*net"ic, Pla*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. planeticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to planets. Sir T. Browne.

PLANETOID Plan"et*oid, n. Etym: [Planet + -oid.] (Astron.)

Defn: A body resembling a planet; an asteroid.

PLANETOIDAL Plan"et*oid*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a planetoid.

PLANE TREE Plane" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as 1st Plane.

PLANET-STRICKEN; PLANET-STRUCK Plan"et-strick`en, Plan"et-struck`, a.

Defn: Affected by the influence of planets; blasted. Milton. Like planet-stricken men of yore He trembles, smitten to the core By strong compunction and remorse. Wordsworth.

PLANETULE Plan"et*ule, n.

Defn: A little planet. [R.] Conybeare.

PLANGENCY Plan"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plangent; a beating sound. [R.]

PLANGENT Plan"gent, a. Etym: [L. plangens, -entis, fr. plangere to beat. See Plaint.]

Defn: Beating; dashing, as a wave. [R.] "The plangent wave." H. Taylor.

PLANI-; PLANO- Plan"i-, Plan"o-. Etym: [L. planus. See Plane, a.]

Defn: Combining forms signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious, planimetry, plano-concave.

PLANIFOLIOUS Plan`i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [Plani- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Flat-leaved.

PLANIFORM Plan"i*form, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having a plane surface; as, a planiform, gliding, or arthrodial articulation.

PLANIMETER Pla*nim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Plani- + -meter. Cf. Planometer.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.

PLANIMETRIC; PLANIMETRICAL Plan`i*met"ric, Plan`i*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. planimétrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to planimetry.

PLANIMETRY Pla*nim"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. planimétrie.]

Defn: The mensuration of plane surfaces; — distinguished from stereometry, or the mensuration of volumes.

PLANING Plan"ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. fr. Plane, v. t. Planing machine. (a) See Planer. (b) A complex machine for planing wood, especially boards, containing usually a rapidly revolving cutter, which chips off the surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed is passed under it by feeding apparatus.

PLANIPENNATE Pla`ni*pen"nate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Planipennia.

PLANIPENNIA Pla`ni*pen"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad, flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes.

PLANIPETALOUS Plan`i*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Plani- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having flat petals.

PLANISH Plan"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planished; p. pr. & vb. n. Planishing.] Etym: [OF. planir, F. planer. See Plane, v., and -ish.]

Defn: To make smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and polish by light blows with a hammer.

PLANISHER Plan"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, planishes. Weale.

PLANISHING Plan"ish*ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Planish, v. t. Planishing rolls (Coining), rolls between which metal strips are passed while cold, to bring them to exactly the required thickness.

PLANISPHERE Plan"i*sphere, n. Etym: [Plani- + sphere: cf. F. planisphère. See Plain, and Sphere.]

Defn: The representation of the circles of the sphere upon a plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars, etc., for any given date or hour.

PLANISPHERIC Plan`i*spher"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a planisphere.

PLANK Plank, n. Etym: [OE. planke, OF. planque, planche, F. planche, fr. L. planca; cf. Gr. Planch.]

1. A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. See Board.

2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer. His charity is a better plank than the faith of an intolerant and bitter-minded bigot. Southey.

3. One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of a party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform. [Cant] Plank road, or Plank way, a road surface formed of planks. [U.S.] — To walk the plank, to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; — a method of disposing of captives practiced by pirates.

PLANK Plank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planked; p. pr. & vb. n. Planking.]

1. To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship. "Planked with pine." Dryden.

2. To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to plank money in a wager. [Colloq. U.S.]

3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.

4. (Wooden Manuf.)

Defn: To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for subsequent drawing. Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before a wood fire.

PLANKING Plank"ing, n.

1. The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.

2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank, v. t., 4.

PLANK-SHEER Plank"-sheer`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The course of plank laid horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.

PLANKTON Plank"ton (plank"ton), n. [NL., fr. Gr. plagto`n, neut. of plagto`s wandering, pla`zesqai to wander.] (Biol.)

Defn: All the animals and plants, taken collectively, which live at or near the surface of salt or fresh waters. —Plank*ton"ic (#), a.

PLANLESS Plan"less, a.

Defn: Having no plan.

PLANNER Plan"ner, n.

Defn: One who plans; a projector.

PLANO- Pla"no-.

Defn: See Plani-.

PLANOBLAST Plan"o*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.

PLANO-CONCAVE Pla"no-con"cave, a. Etym: [Plano- + concave.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. See Lens.

PLANO-CONICAL Pla"no-con"ic*al, a. Etym: [Plano- + conical.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and conical on the other. Grew.

PLANO-CONVEX Pla"no-con"vex, a. Etym: [Plano- + convex.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and convex on the other; as, a plano-convex lens. See Convex, and Lens.

PLANOGAMETE Plan"o*ga*mete`, n. [Gr. wandering + E. gamete.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the motile ciliated gametes, or zoögametes, found in isogamous plants, as many green algæ (Chlorophyceæ).

PLANO-HORIZONTAL Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal, a. Etym: [Plano- + horizontal.]

Defn: Having a level horizontal surface or position. Lee.

PLANOMETER Pla*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Plano- + -meter. Cf. Planimeter.]

Defn: An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under Surface.

PLANOMETRY Pla*nom"e*try, n. (Mech.)

Defn: The art or process of producing or gauging a plane surface.

PLANO-ORBICULAR Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Plano- + orbicular.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and spherical on the other.

PLANORBIS Pla*nor"bis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. planus flat + orbis a circle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to Planorbis and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.

PLANO-SUBULATE Pla"no-su"bu*late, a. Etym: [Plano- + subulate.]

Defn: Smooth and awl-shaped. See Subulate.

PLANT Plant, n. Etym: [AS. plante, L. planta.]

1. A vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule.

Note: Plants are divided by their structure and methods of reproduction into two series, phænogamous or flowering plants, which have true flowers and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless plants, which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In both series are minute and simple forms and others of great size and complexity. As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting plants always contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for their tissues. Dependent plants comprise all fungi and many flowering plants of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not excreting oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and partly self-supporting. The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary motion of zoöspores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary motion.

2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. "A plant of stubborn oak." Dryden.

3. The sole of the foot. [R.] "Knotty legs and plants of clay." B. Jonson.

4. (Com.)

Defn: The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate, and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad.

5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. [Slang] It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey. Dickens.

6. (Zoöl.) (a) An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth. (b) A young oyster suitable for transplanting. [Local, U.S.] Plant bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous hemipterous insects which injure the foliage of plants, as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat and trees. — Plant cutter (Zoöl.), a South American passerine bird of the genus Phytotoma, family Phytotomidæ. It has a serrated bill with which it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often doing much injury. — Plant louse (Zoöl.), any small hemipterous insect which infests plants, especially those of the families Aphidæ and Psyllidæ; an aphid.

PLANT Plant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Planting.] Etym: [AS. plantian, L. plantare. See Plant, n.]

1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maize.

2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable with roots. Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees. Deut. xvi. 21.

3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an orchard, or a forest.

4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of. It engenders choler, planteth anger. Shak.

5. To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish; as, to plant a colony. Planting of countries like planting of woods. Bacon.

6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant Christianity among the heathen.

7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face.

8. To set up; to install; to instate. We will plant some other in the throne. Shak.

PLANT Plant, v. i.

Defn: To perform the act of planting. I have planted; Apollos watered. 1 Cor. iii. 6.

PLANTABLE Plant"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being planted; fit to be planted. B. Edwards.

PLANTAGE Plant"age, n.

Defn: A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants in general, or anything that is planted. As true as steel, as plantage to the moon. Shak. (Troil. iii. sc. 2).

PLANTAIN Plan"tain, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plantain-arbre, plantanier, Sp. plántano, plátano; prob. same word as plane tree.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A treelike perennial herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits called plantains. See Musa.

2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical, slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked. Plantain cutter, or Plantain eater (Zoöl.), any one of several large African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family Musophagidæ, especially Musophaga violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the cuckoos. — Plantain squirrel (Zoöl.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus plantani) which feeds upon plantains. — Plantain tree (Bot.), the treelike herb Musa paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above).

PLANTAIN Plan"tain, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. plantago. Cf. Plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a low herb with broad spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in nearly all parts of the world. Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under Indian. — Mud plantain, a homely North American aquatic plant (Heteranthera reniformis), having broad, reniform leaves. — Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant (Goodyera pubescens), with the leaves blotched and spotted with white. — Ribwort plantain. See Ribwort. — Robin's plantain, the Erigeron bellidifolium, a common daisylike plant of North America. — Water plantain, a plant of the genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia. Loudon.

PLANTAL Plant"al, a. Etym: [L. planta a plant.]

Defn: Belonging to plants; as, plantal life. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PLANTAR Plan"tar, a. Etym: [L. plantaris, fr. planta the sole of the foot.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.

PLANTATION Plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. plantatio: cf. F. plantation.]

1. The act or practice of planting, or setting in the earth for growth. [R.]

2. The place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of ground planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United States and West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the more important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the estate; as, a cotton plantation; a coffee plantation.

3. An original settlement in a new country; a colony. While these plantations were forming in Connecticut. B. Trumbull.

PLANT-CANE Plant"-cane`, n.

Defn: A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years is of inferior quality, and is called rattoon.

PLANT-EATING Plant"-eat`ing, a.

Defn: Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a plant-eating beetle.

PLANTED Plant"ed, a. (Joinery)

Defn: Fixed in place, as a projecting member wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted molding.

PLANTER Plant"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a planterof corn; a machine planter.

2. One who owns or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar planter; a coffee planter.

3. A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; as, the first planters in Virginia.

PLANTERSHIP Plant"er*ship, n.

Defn: The occupation or position of a planter, or the management of a plantation, as in the United States or the West Indies.

PLANTICLE Plant"i*cle, n. Etym: [Dim. of Plant.]

Defn: A young plant, or plant in embryo. E. Darwin.

PLANTIGRADA Plan`ti*gra"da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subdivision of Carnivora having plantigrade feet. It includes the bears, raccoons, and allied species.

PLANTIGRADE Plan"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. planta sole of the foot + gradi to walk: cf. F. plantigrade.] (Zoöl.) (a) Walking on the sole of the foot; pertaining to the plantigrades. (b) Having the foot so formed that the heel touches the ground when the leg is upright.

PLANTIGRADE Plan"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plantigrade animal, or one that walks or steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears.

PLANTING Plant"ing, n.

1. The act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, as of trees; the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.

2. That which is planted; a plantation. Trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord. Isa. lxi. 3.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation. [Eng.]

PLANTLESS Plant"less, a.

Defn: Without plants; barren of vegetation.

PLANTLET Plant"let, n.

Defn: A little plant.

PLANTOCRACY Plan*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Planter + -cracy, as in democracy.]

Defn: Government by planters; planters, collectively. [R.]

PLANTULE Plant"ule, n. Etym: [F., dim. of plante a plant, L. planta.] (Bot.)

Defn: The embryo which has begun its development in the act of germination.

PLANULA Plan"u*la, n.; pl. Planulæ. Etym: [L., a little plane.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The very young, free-swimming larva of the coelenterates. It usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with cilia.

PLANXTY Planx"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. L. plangere to mourn aloud.] (Mus.)

Defn: An Irish or Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character.

PLAQUE Plaque, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Plack, and see Placard.]

Defn: Any flat, thin piece of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch.

PLAQUETTE Pla`quette", n. [F., dim. of plaque plate, plaque. See Plaque.]

Defn: A small plaque, esp., in modern medal engraving, a small and delicate bas-relief, whether cast or struck from a die, or of form other than circular.

PLASH Plash, n. Etym: [OD. plasch. See Plash, v.]

1. A small pool of standing water; a puddle. Bacon. "These shallow plashes." Barrow.

2. A dash of water; a splash.

PLASH Plash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] Etym: [Cf. D. plassen, G. platschen. Cf. Splash.]

Defn: To dabble in water; to splash. "Plashing among bedded pebbles." Keats. Far below him plashed the waters. Longfellow.

PLASH Plash, v. t.

1. To splash, as water.

2. To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to plash a wall in imitation of granite.

PLASH Plash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] Etym: [OF. plaissier, plessier, to bend. Cf. Pleach.]

Defn: To cut partly, or to bend and intertwine the branches of; as, to plash a hedge. Evelyn.

PLASH Plash, n.

Defn: The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or intertwined with, other branches.

PLASHET Plash"et, n. Etym: [Plash + -et.]

Defn: A small pond or pool; a puddle.

PLASHING Plash"ing, n.

1. The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches of small trees, as in hedges.

2. The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of buildings, to imitate granite, etc.

PLASHOOT Plash"oot, n.

Defn: A hedge or fence formed of branches of trees interlaced, or plashed. [Obs.] Carew.

PLASHY Plash"y, a. Etym: [From 1st Plash.]

1. Watery; abounding with puddles; splashy. "Plashy fens." Milton. "The plashy earth." Wordsworth.

2. Specked, as if plashed with color. Keats.

PLASM Plasm, n. Etym: [L. plasma anything formed or molded, that which is molded, Gr. plasme. Cf. Plasma.]

1. A mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a particular shape. [R.] Woodward.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Plasma.

PLASMA Plas"ma, n. Etym: [See Plasm.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek green, which is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation; protoplasm.

3. Unorganized material; elementary matter.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments. U. S. Disp. Blood plasma (Physiol.), the colorless fluid of the blood, in which the red and white blood corpuscles are suspended. — Muscle plasma (Physiol.), the fundamental part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid, albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death of the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.

PLASMATIC; PLASMATICAL Plas*mat"ic, Plas*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Forming; shaping; molding. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma; containing, or conveying, plasma.

PLASMATION Plas*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. plasmatio.]

Defn: The act of forming or molding. [R.] Grafton.

PLASMATOR Plas*ma"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A former; a fashioner. [R.] "The sovereign plasmator, God Almighty." Urquhart.

PLASMATURE Plas"ma*ture, n.

Defn: Form; mold. [R.]

PLASMIC Plas"mic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or connected with, plasma; plasmatic.

Defn: A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease. .

PLASMIN Plas"min, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteid body, separated by some physiologists from blood plasma. It is probably identical with fibrinogen.

PLASMODIAL Plas*mo"di*al, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or like, a plasmodium; as, the plasmodial form of a life cycle.

PLASMODIUM Plas*mo"di*um, n.; pl. Plasmodia. Etym: [NL. See Plasma.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of amoeboid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union of several amoebalike young, and constituting one of the stages in the life cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms.

PLASMOGEN Plas"mo*gen, n. Etym: [Plasma + -gen.] (Biol.)

Defn: The important living portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest elaboration. Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.

PLASMON; PLASMON BUTTER Plas"mon, n. [Cf. Plasma.]

Defn: A flourlike food preparation made from skim milk, and consisting essentially of the unaltered proteid of milk. It is also used in making biscuits and crackers, for mixing with cocoa, etc. A mixture of this with butter, water, and salt is called Plasmon butter, and resembles clotted cream in appearance.

PLASSON Plas"son, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The albuminous material composing the body of a cytode.

Note: It is considered simpler than protoplasm of an ordinary cell in that it has not undergone differentiation into the inner cell nucleus and the outer cell substance. Haeckel.

PLASTER Plas"ter, n. Etym: [AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. emplastrum, Gr. plastre a plaster (in sense 2), F. plâtre. Cf. Plastic, Emplaster, Piaster.] [Formerly written also plaister.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An external application of a consistency harder than ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other material. It is adhesive at the ordinary temperature of the body, and is used, according to its composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts together, etc.; as, a porous plaster; sticking plaster.

2. A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See Mortar.

3. Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum used as a fertilizer. Plaster cast, a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris mixed with water into a mold. — Plaster of Paris. Etym: [So called because originally brought from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.) Anhydrous calcium sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which soon sets or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term is loosely applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum. — Plaster of Paris bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a paste of plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint. — Plaster stone, any species of gypsum. See Gypsum.

PLASTER Plas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plastered; p. pr. & vb. n. Plastering.] Etym: [Cf. OF. plastrer to plaster (in sense 2), F. plâtrer.]

1. To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.

2. To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a house.

3. Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide, as with a covering of plaster. Bale.

PLASTERER Plas"ter*er, n.

1. One who applies plaster or mortar. "Thy father was a plasterer." Shak.

2. One who makes plaster casts. "The plasterer doth make his figures by addition." Sir H. Wotton.

PLASTERING Plas"ter*ing, n.

1. Same as Plaster, n., 2.

2. The act or process of overlaying with plaster.

3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork.

PLASTERLY Plas"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling plaster of Paris. [R.] "Out of gypseous or plasterly ground." Fuller.

PLASTERWORK Plas"ter*work`, n.

Defn: Plastering used to finish architectural constructions, exterior or interior, especially that used for the lining of rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and ornaments.

PLASTERY Plas"ter*y, a.

Defn: Of the nature of plaster. The stone . . . is a poor plastery material. Clough.

-PLASTIC -plas"tic. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form signifying developing, forming, growing; as, heteroplastic, monoplastic, polyplastic.

PLASTIC Plas"tic, a. Etym: [L. plasticus, Gr. plastique.]

1. Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as, the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior. See plastic Nature working to his end. Pope.

2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; - - used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child.

3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or modeling; — said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction from painting and the graphic arts. Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the palmy days of Italian art. J. S. Harford. Plastic clay (Geol.), one of the beds of the Eocene period; — so called because used in making pottery. Lyell. — Plastic element (Physiol.), one that bears within the germs of a higher form. — Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation thrown out upon a wounded surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process of healing is effected. — Plastic foods. (Physiol.) See the second Note under Food. — Plastic force. (Physiol.) See under Force. — Plastic operation, an operation in plastic surgery. — Plastic surgery, that branch of surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body.

Defn: a substance composed predominantly of a synthetic organic high polymer capable of being cast or molded; many varieties of plastic are used to produce articles of commerce (after 1900). [MW10 gives origin of word as 1905]

PLASTICAL Plas"tic*al, a.

Defn: See Plastic. [R.]

PLASTICALLY Plas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a plastic manner.

PLASTICITY Plas*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plasticité.]

1. The quality or state of being plastic.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Plastic force. Dunglison.

PLASTID; PLASTIDE Plas"tid, Plas"tide, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. See the Note under Morphon. Haeckel.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes, chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.

PLASTIDOZOA Plas`ti*do*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Protoza.

PLASTIDULE Plas"ti*dule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. Plastid.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the small particles or organic molecules of protoplasm. Haeckel.

PLASTIN Plas"tin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A substance associated with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some considered as the fundamental substance of the nucleus.

PLASTOGRAPHY Plas*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The art of forming figures in any plastic material.

2. Imitation of handwriting; forgery.

PLASTRON Plas"tron, n. Etym: [F. plastron breastplate, plastron, LL. plastra a thin plate of metal. See Plaster.]

1. A piece of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to protect the breast. Dryden.

3. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See Testudinata.

4. A trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.

-PLASTY -plas"ty. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting the act or process of forming, development, growth; as, autoplasty, perineoplasty.

PLAT Plat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platted; p. pr. & vb. n. Platting.] Etym: [See Plait.]

Defn: To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. "They had platted a crown of thorns." Matt. xxvii. 29.

PLAT Plat, n.

Defn: Work done by platting or braiding; a plait. Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.

PLAT Plat, n. Etym: [Cf. Plat flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and Plot a piece of ground.]

Defn: A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground. This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve. Milton. I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground. Tennyson.

PLAT Plat, v. t.

Defn: To lay out in plats or plots, as ground.

PLAT Plat, a. Etym: [F. plat. See Plate, n.]

Defn: Plain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower.

PLAT Plat, adv.

1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.] But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat. Rom. of R.

2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant.

PLAT Plat, n.

1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "To note all the islands, and to set them down in plat." Hakluyt.

PLATAN Plat"an, n. Etym: [L. platanus. See Plane the tree.] [Written also platane.]

Defn: The plane tree. Tennyson.

PLATANIST Plat"a*nist, n. Etym: [L. platanista a sort of fish, Gr. plataniste.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The soosoo.

PLATANUS Plat"a*nus, n. Etym: [See Plane the tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees; the plane tree.

PLATBAND Plat"band`, n. Etym: [F. plate-bande; plat, plate, flat, level + bande a band.]

1. A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence, a border.

2. (Arch.) (a) A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave. (b) A list or fillet between the flutings of a column.

PLATE Plate, n. Etym: [OF. plate a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. plat a plate, a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. plat flat, Gr. Place, n.]

1. A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the thickness of which is small in comparison with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of metal; as, a steel plate.

2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces. Mangled . . . through plate and mail. Milton.

3. Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc., wrought in gold or silver.

4. Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is genuine silver or gold.

5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table.

6. Etym: [Cf. Sp. plata silver.]

Defn: A piece of money, usually silver money. [Obs.] "Realms and islands were as plates dropp'd from his pocket." Shak.

7. A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; as, a book illustrated with plates; a fashion plate.

8. A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from; as, publisher's plates.

9. That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth, and holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver, rubber, celluloid, etc.

10. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also used specifically of the roof plate which supports the ends of the roof trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.

11. (Her.)

Defn: A roundel of silver or tinctured argent.

12. (Photog.)

Defn: A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating that is sensitive to light.

13. A prize giving to the winner in a contest.

Note: Plate is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in combination, the phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious signification; as, plate basket or plate-basket, plate rack or plate- rack. Home plate. (Baseball) See Home base, under Home. — Plate armor. (a) See Plate, n., 2. (b) Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels, fortifications, and the like. — Plate bone, the shoulder blade, or scapula. — Plate girder, a girder, the web of which is formed of a single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together. — Plate glass. See under Glass. — Plate iron, wrought iron plates. — Plate layer, a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and fixes them to the sleepers or ties. — Plate mark, a special mark or emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the local mark for London is a lion. — Plate paper, a heavy spongy paper, for printing from engraved plates. Fairholt. — Plate press, a press with a flat carriage and a roller, — used for printing from engraved steel or copper plates. — Plate printer, one who prints from engraved plates. — Plate printing, the act or process of printing from an engraved plate or plates. — Plate tracery. (Arch.) See under Tracery. — Plate wheel (Mech.), a wheel, the rim and hub of which are connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or spokes.

PLATE Plate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plated; p. pr. & vb. n. Plating.]

1. To cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as electrotyping.

2. To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for defense. Thus plated in habiliments of war. Shak.

3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a plated harness.

4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or laminæ.

5. To calender; as, to plate paper.

PLATEAU Pla*teau", n.; pl. F. Plateaux (F. , E. Plateaus. Etym: [F., fr. OF. platel, properly a little plate. See Plate.]

1. A flat surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land; a table-land.

2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.

PLATEFUL Plate"ful, n.; pl. Platefuls (.

Defn: Enough to fill a plate; as much as a plate will hold.

PLATE-GILLED Plate"-gilled`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as the bivalve mollusks.

PLATEL Pla"tel, n. Etym: [OF. See Plateau.]

Defn: A small dish.

PLATEN Plat"en, n. Etym: [F. platine, fr. plat flat. See Plate, and cf. Platin.] (Mach.) (a) The part of a printing press which presses the paper against the type and by which the impression is made. (b) Hence, an analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper rests to receive an impression. (c) The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on which the work is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; — also called table.

PLATER Plat"er, n.

Defn: One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver; as, a silver plater.

2. A machine for calendering paper.

PLATERESQUE Plat`er*esque", a. Etym: [Sp. resco, from plata silver.] (Arch.)

Defn: Resembling silver plate; — said of certain architectural ornaments.

PLATETROPE Plat"e*trope, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: One of a pair of a paired organs.

PLATFORM Plat"form`, n. Etym: [Plat, a. + -form: cf. F. plateforme.]

1. A plat; a plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also figuratively. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A place laid out after a model. [Obs.] lf the platform just reflects the order. Pope.

3. Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised above some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards horizontally joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or portion of a floor; a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers, performers, or workmen; a standing place.

4. A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the Saybrook platform; a political platform. "The platform of Geneva." Hooker.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or over the floor of the magazine. See Orlop. Platform car, a railway car without permanent raised sides or covering; a f — Platform scale, a weighing machine, with a flat platform on which objects are weighed.

PLATFORM Plat"form`, v. t.

1. To place on a platform. [R.]

2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out. [Obs.] Church discipline is platformed in the Bible. Milton.

PLATHELMINTH Plat*hel"minth, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Platyelminthes.

PLATHELMINTHES Plat`hel*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Platyelminthes.

PLATIN Plat"in, n. (Mach.)

Defn: See Platen.

PLATINA Plat"i*na, n. Etym: [Sp. or NL. See Platinum.] (Chem.)

Defn: Platinum. Platina mohr, platinum black. — Platina yellow, a pigment prepared from platinum.

PLATING Plat"ing, n.

1. The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition.

2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal.

3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.

PLATINIC Pla*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; — used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence, as contrasted with the platinous compounds; as, platinic chloride (PtCl4).

PLATINICHLORIC Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid consisting of platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and obtained as a brownish red crystalline substance, called platinichloric, or chloroplatinic, acid.

PLATINIFEROUS Plat`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Platinum + -ferous.]

Defn: Yielding platinum; as, platiniferous sand.

PLATINIRIDIUM Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um, n. (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: A natural alloy of platinum and iridium occurring in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains with platinum.

PLATINIZE Plat"i*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platinized; p. pr. & vb. n. Platinizing.]

Defn: To cover or combine with platinum.

PLATINOCHLORIC Plat`i*no*chlo"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and hydrochloric acid, called platinochloric, or chloroplatinous, acid.

PLATINOCHLORIDE Plat`i*no*chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A double chloride of platinum and some other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid.

PLATINOCYANIC Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline substance.

PLATINOCYANIDE Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A double cyanide of platinum and some other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid.

PLATINODE Plat"i*node, n. Etym: [Platinum + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A cathode. [R.]

PLATINOID Plat"i*noid, a. Etym: [Platinum + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling platinum.

PLATINOID Plat"i*noid, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alloy of German silver containing tungsten; — used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards.

PLATINOTYPE Plat"i*no*type, n. Etym: [Platinum + -type.] (Photog.)

1. A permanent photographic picture or print in platinum black.

2. The process by which such pictures are produced.

PLATINOUS Plat"i*nous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; — used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a lower valence, as contrasted with the platinic compounds; as, platinous chloride (PtCl2).

PLATINUM Plat"i*num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL. plata a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and cf. Platina.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. Formerly called platina. Platinum black (Chem.), a soft, dull black powder, consisting of finely divided metallic platinum obtained by reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer. — Platinum lamp (Elec.), a kind of incandescent lamp of which the luminous medium is platinum. See under Incandescent. — Platinum metals (Chem.), the group of metallic elements which in their chemical and physical properties resemble platinum. These consist of the light platinum group, viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific gravities are about 12; and the heavy platinum group, viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific gravities are over 21. — Platinum sponge (Chem.), metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spongy form, obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and ammonium. It absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a high degree, and is employed as an agent in oxidizing.

PLATITUDE Plat"i*tude, n. Etym: [F., from plat flat. See Plate.]

1. The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language. To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite platitude. Motley.

2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism; a commonplace.

PLATITUDINARIAN Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: One addicted to uttering platitudes, or stale and insipid truisms. "A political platitudinarian." G. Eliot.

PLATITUDINIZE Plat`i*tu"di*nize, v. i.

Defn: To utter platitudes or truisms.

PLATITUDINOUS Plat`i*tu"di*nous, a.

Defn: Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of platitudes; uttering platitudes. — Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness, n.

PLATLY Plat"ly, a.

Defn: Flatly. See Plat, a. [Obs.]

PLATNESS Plat"ness, n.

Defn: Flatness. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

PLATOMETER Pla*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: See Planimeter.

PLATONIC; PLATONICAL Pla*ton"ic, Pla*ton"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Platonicus, Gr. platonique.]

1. Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions.

2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical. Platonic bodies, the five regular geometrical solids; namely, the tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron. — Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting between persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only and its excellences; — a species of love for which Plato was a warm advocate. — Platonic year (Astron.), a period of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of time in which the stars and constellations return to their former places in respect to the equinoxes; — called also great year. This revolution, which is caused by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about 26,000 years. Barlow.

PLATONIC Pla*ton"ic, n.

Defn: A follower of Plato; a Platonist.

PLATONICALLY Pla*ton"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a Platonic manner.

PLATONISM Pla"to*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Platonisme.]

1. The doctrines or philosophy by Plato or of his followers.

Note: Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and powerful Spirit; and also that he formed the visible universe out of preëxistent amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns of ideas eternally existent in his own mind. Philosophy he considered as being a knowledge of the true nature of things, as discoverable in those eternal ideas after which all things were fashioned. In other words, it is the knowledge of what is eternal, exists necessarily, and is unchangeable; not of the temporary, the dependent, and changeable; and of course it is not obtained through the senses; neither is it the product of the understanding, which concerns itself only with the variable and transitory; nor is it the result of experience and observation; but it is the product of our reason, which, as partaking of the divine nature, has innate ideas resembling the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating these innate ideas, reasoning about them, and comparing them with their copies in the visible universe, reason can attain that true knowledge of things which is called philosophy. Plato's professed followers, the Academics, and the New Platonists, differed considerably from him, yet are called Platonists. Murdock.

2. An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical notions.

PLATONIST Pla"to*nist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of Plato. Hammond.

PLATONIZE Pla"to*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Platonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Platonizing.]

Defn: To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers. Milner.

PLATONIZE Pla"to*nize, v. t.

Defn: To explain by, or accomodate to, the Platonic philosophy. Enfield.

PLATONIZER Pla"to*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who Platonizes.

PLATOON Pla*toon", n. Etym: [F. peloton a ball of thread, a knot or group of men, a platoon, from pelote a ball formed of things wound round. See Pellet.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow square. (b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company.

PLATT Platt, n. (Mining)

Defn: See Lodge, n. Raymond.

PLATTDEUTSCH Platt"deutsch`, n.

Defn: The modern dialects spoken in the north of Germany, taken collectively; modern Low German. See Low German, under German.

PLATTEN Plat"ten, v. t. Etym: [See Plat, a.] (Glass Making)

Defn: To flatten and make into sheets or plates; as, to platten cylinder glass.

PLATTER Plat"ter, n. Etym: [From Plat to braid.]

Defn: One who plats or braids.

PLATTER Plat"ter, n. Etym: [Probably fr. OF. platel, F. plateau. See Plateau.]

Defn: A large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to the table. The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking platters, filled with huge pieces of beef. Sir W. Scott.

PLATTER-FACED Plat"ter-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a broad, flat face.

PLATTING Plat"ting, n.

Defn: Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for making hats or the like.

PLATY Plat"y, a.

Defn: Like a plate; consisting of plates.

PLATY- Plat"y-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. platy`s broad, wide, flat; as, platypus, platycephalous.

PLATYCEPHALIC; PLATYCEPHALOUS Plat`y*ce*phal"ic, Plat`y*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Platy + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Broad-headed.

PLATYCNEMIC Plat`yc*ne"mic, a. Etym: [Platy + Gr. platycnémique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.

PLATYCNEMISM Pla*tyc"ne*mism, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Lateral flattening of the tibia.

PLATYCOELIAN Plat`y*coe"li*an, a. Etym: [Platy + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Flat at the anterior and concave at the posterior end; — said of the centra of the vertebræ of some extinct dinouaurs.

PLATYELMINTHES Plat`y*el*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Platy-, and Helminthes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms, the trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also flatworms.

PLATYHELMIA Plat`y*hel"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Platyelminthes. [Written also Platyelmia.]

PLATYMETER Pla*tym"e*ter, n. Etym: [Platy + -meter.] (Elec.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the capacity of condensers, or the inductive capacity of dielectrics.

PLATYPOD Plat"y*pod, n. Etym: [Platy + -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having broad feet, or a broad foot.

PLATYPODA Pla*typ"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Prosobranchiata.

PLATYPTERA Pla*typ"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Pseudoneuroptera including the species which have four broad, flat wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the stone flies (Perla).

PLATYPUS Plat"y*pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The duck mole. See under Duck.

PLATYRHINE Plat"y*rhine, a. Etym: [Platy + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the nose broad; — opposed to Ant: leptorhine. — n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Platyrhini.

PLATYRHINI Plat`y*rhi"ni, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of monkeys, including the American species, which have a broad nasal septum, thirty-six teeth, and usually a prehensile tail. See Monkey. [Written also Platyrrhini.]

PLAUD Plaud, v. t.

Defn: To applaud. [Obs.] Chapman.

PLAUDIT Plau"dit, n. Etym: [From L. plaudite do ye praise (which was said by players at the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of plaudere. Cf. Plausible.]

Defn: A mark or expression of applause; praise bestowed. Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng. Longfellow.

Syn. — Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation; approbation; approval.

PLAUDITORY Plau"di*to*ry, a.

Defn: Applauding; commending.

PLAUSIBILITY Plau`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plausibilité.]

1. Something worthy of praise. [Obs.] Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities. E. Vaughan.

2. The quality of being plausible; speciousness. To give any plausibility to a scheme. De Quincey.

3. Anything plausible or specious. R. Browning.

PLAUSIBLE Plau"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. plausibilis praiseworthy, from plaudere, plausum, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.]

1. Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

2. Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right; specious; as, a plausible pretext; plausible manners; a plausible delusion. "Plausible and popular arguments." Clarendon.

3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a plausible speaker.

Syn. — Plausible, Specious. Plausible denotes that which seems reasonable, yet leaves distrust in the judgment. Specious describes that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers something false. Specious refers more definitely to the act or purpose of false representation; plausible has more reference to the effect on the beholder or hearer. An argument may by specious when it is not plausible because its sophistry is so easily discovered.

PLAUSIBLEIZE Plau"si*ble*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render plausible. [R.]

PLAUSIBLENESS Plau"si*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being plausible.

PLAUSIBLY Plau"si*bly, adv.

1. In a plausible manner.

2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.] The Romans plausibly did give consent. Shak.

PLAUSIVE Plau"sive, a. Etym: [L. plaudere, plausum, to applaud.]

1. Applauding; manifesting praise. Young.

2. Plausible, specious. [Obs.] Shak.

PLAY Play, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Played; p. pr. & vb. n. Playing.] Etym: [OE. pleien, AS. plegian, plegan, to play, akin to plega play, game, quick motion, and probably to OS. plegan to promise, pledge, D. plegen to care for, attend to, be wont, G. pflegen; of unknown origin. sq. root28. Cf. Plight, n.]

1. To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot. As Cannace was playing in her walk. Chaucer. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he skip and play! Pope. And some, the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame and sword. Keble.

2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless. "Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to pleye." Chaucer. Men are apt to play with their healths. Sir W. Temple.

3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes.

4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute. One that . . . can play well on an instrument. Ezek. xxxiii. 32. Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. Granville.

5. To act; to behave; to practice deception. His mother played false with a smith. Shak.

6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain plays. The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play. Cheyne.

7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport. Even as the waving sedges play with wind. Shak. The setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets. Addison. All fame is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but comes not to the heart. Pope.

8. To act on the stage; to personate a character. A lord will hear your play to-night. Shak. Courts are theaters where some men play. Donne. To play into a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his advantage or benefit. — To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice artifice. — To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive. Art thou alive Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight. Shak. (b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or application to; as, to play upon words.

PLAY Play, v. t.

1. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon upon a fortification; to play a trump. First Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the soul. Herbert.

2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ.

3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a waltz on the violin.

4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to execute; as, to play tricks. Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin fancies. Milton.

5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to play a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play the woman. Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt. Sir W. Scott.

6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or for a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball.

7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it. To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off tricks. — To play one's cards, to manage one's means or opportunities; to contrive. — Played out, tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's resources. [Colloq.]

PLAY Play, n.

1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.

2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or diversion; a game. John naturally loved rough play. Arbuthnot.

3. The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune in play.

4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword play; a play of wit. "The next who comes in play." Dryden.

5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and action. A play ought to be a just image of human nature. Dryden.

6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he attends ever play.

7. Performance on an instrument of music.

8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action. "To give them play, front and rear." Milton. The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play between them. Moxon.

9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; as, to give full play to mirth. Play actor, an actor of dramas. Prynne. — Play debt, a gambling debt. Arbuthnot. — Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. — A play upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double meaning; punning. — Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors. — To bring into play, To come into play, to bring or come into use or exercise. — To hold in play, to keep occupied or employed. I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play. Macaulay.

PLAYA Pla"ya, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which subsequently becomes dry by evaporation. Bartlett.

PLAYBILL Play"bill`, n.

Defn: A printed programme of a play, with the parts assigned to the actors.

PLAYBOOK Play"book`, n.

Defn: A book of dramatic compositions; a book of the play. Swift.

PLAYDAY Play"day`, n.

Defn: A day given to play or diversion; a holiday. Swift.

PLAYER Play"er, n.

1. One who plays, or amuses himself; one without serious aims; an idler; a trifler. Shak.

2. One who plays any game.

3. A dramatic actor. Shak.

4. One who plays on an instrument of music. "A cunning player on a harp." 1 Sam. xvi. 16.

5. A gamester; a gambler.

PLAYFELLOW Play"fel`low, n.

Defn: A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate. Shak.

PLAYFERE Play"fere`, n. Etym: [Play + 1st fere.]

Defn: A playfellow. [Obs.] [Also, playfeer, playphere.] Holinsheld.

PLAYFUL Play"ful, a.

Defn: Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive fancy; humorous; merry; as, a playful child; a playful writer. — Play"ful*ly, adv. — Play"ful*ness, n.

PLAYGAME Play"game`, n.

Defn: Play of children. Locke.

PLAYGOER Play"go`er, n.

Defn: One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic performances.

PLAYGOING Play"go`ing, a.

Defn: Frequenting playhouses; as, the playgoing public. — n.

Defn: The practice of going to plays.

PLAYGROUND Play"ground`, n.

Defn: A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the playground of a school.

PLAYHOUSE Play"house`, n. Etym: [AS. pleghus.]

1. A building used for dramatic exhibitions; a theater. Shak.

2. A house for children to play in; a toyhouse.

PLAYING Play"ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. of Play. Playing cards. See under Card.

PLAYMAKER Play"mak`er, n.

Defn: A playwright. [R.]

PLAYMATE Play"mate`, n.

Defn: A companion in diversions; a playfellow.

PLAYSOME Play"some, a.

Defn: Playful; wanton; sportive. [R.] R. Browning. — Play"some*ness, n. [R.]

PLAYTE Playte, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Pleyt.

PLAYTHING Play"thing`, n.

Defn: A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves to amuse. A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little more advanced age. Locke.

PLAYTIME Play"time`, n.

Defn: Time for play or diversion.

PLAYWRIGHT Play"wright`, n.

Defn: A maker or adapter of plays.

PLAYWRITER Play"writ`er, n.

Defn: A writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright. Lecky.

PLAZA Pla"za, n. Etym: [Sp. See Place.]

Defn: A public square in a city or town.

PLEA Plea, n. Etym: [OE. plee, plai, plait, fr. OF. plait, plaid, plet, LL. placitum judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L. placitum that which is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from placere to please. See Please, and cf. Placit, Plead.]

1. (Law)

Defn: That which is alleged by a party in support of his cause; in a stricter sense, an allegation of fact in a cause, as distinguished from a demurrer; in a still more limited sense, and in modern practice, the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration and demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's plea. In chancery practice, a plea is a special answer showing or relying upon one or more things as a cause why the suit should be either dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice, the plea is the defendant's formal answer to the indictment or information presented against him.

2. (Law)

Defn: A cause in court; a lawsuit; as, the Court of Common Pleas. See under Common. The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of pleas real, personal, and mixed. Laws of Massachusetts.

3. That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification; an excuse; an apology. "Necessity, the tyrant's plea." Milton. No plea must serve; 't is cruelty to spare. Denham.

4. An urgent prayer or entreaty. Pleas of the crown (Eng. Law), criminal actions.

PLEACH Pleach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleached (; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleaching.] Etym: [Cf. OF. plaissier to bend, and also F. plisser to plait, L. plicare, plicitum, to fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. Plash to pleach.]

Defn: To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to interlock. "The pleached bower." Shak.

PLEAD Plead, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleaded (colloq. Plead or Pled); p. pr. & vb. n. Pleading.] Etym: [OE. pleden, plaiden, OF. plaidier, F. plaider, fr. LL. placitare, fr. placitum. See Plea.]

1. To argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of another; to urge reasons for or against a thing; to attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication; to speak by way of persuasion; as, to plead for the life of a criminal; to plead with a judge or with a father. O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for his neighbor! Job xvi. 21.

2. (Law)

Defn: To present an answer, by allegation of fact, to the declaration of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and demand, or to allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the suit; in a less strict sense, to make an allegation of fact in a cause; to carry on the allegations of the respective parties in a cause; to carry on a suit or plea. Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.

3. To contend; to struggle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEAD Plead, v. t.

1. To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons presented to a tribunal or person having uthority to determine; to argue at the bar; as, to plead a cause before a court or jury. Every man should plead his own matter. Sir T. More.

Note: In this sense, argue is more generally used by lawyers.

2. To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a demand in law; to answer to an indictment; as, to plead usury; to plead statute of limitations; to plead not guilty. Kent.

3. To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in excuse; as, the law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights of ambassadors. Spenser. I will neither plead my age nor sickness, in excuse of faults. Dryden.

PLEADABLE Plead"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged in proof, defense, or vindication; as, a right or privilege pleadable at law. Dryden.

PLEADER Plead"er, n. Etym: [F. plaideur.]

1. One who pleads; one who argues for or against; an advotate. So fair a pleader any cause may gain. Dryden.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or pleadings in the widest sense; as, a special pleader.

PLEADING Plead"ing, n.

Defn: The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause by arguments.

PLEADINGLY Plead"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pleading manner.

PLEADINGS Plead"ings, n. pl. (Law)

Defn: The mutual pleas and replies of the plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in support of their claims, proceeding from the declaration of the plaintiff, until issue is joined, and the question made to rest on some single point. Blackstone.

PLEASANCE Pleas"ance, n. Etym: [F. plaisance. See Please.]

1. Pleasure; merriment; gayety; delight; kindness. [Archaic] Shak. "Full great pleasance." Chaucer. "A realm of pleasance." Tennyson.

2. A secluded part of a garden. [Archaic] The pleasances of old Elizabethan houses. Ruskin.

PLEASANT Pleas"ant, a. Etym: [F. plaisant. See Please.]

1. Pleasing; grateful to the mind or to the senses; agreeable; as, a pleasant journey; pleasant weather. Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! Ps. cxxxiii. 1.

2. Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous; sportive; as, pleasant company; a pleasant fellow. From grave to light, from pleasant to serve. Dryden.

Syn. — Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful; good-humored; enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing; witty. — Pleasant, Pleasing, Agreeable. Agreeable is applied to that which agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's tastes, character, etc. Pleasant and pleasing denote a stronger degree of the agreeable. Pleasant refers rather to the state or condition; pleasing, to the act or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, pleasing is more energetic than pleasant; as, she is always pleasant and always pleasing. The distinction, however, is not radical and not rightly observed.

PLEASANT Pleas"ant, n.

Defn: A wit; a humorist; a buffoon. [Obs.]

PLEASANTLY Pleas"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pleasant manner.

PLEASANTNESS Pleas"ant*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being pleasant.

PLEASANTRY Pleas"ant*ry, n.; pl. Pleasantries. Etym: [F. plaisanterie. See Pleasant.]

Defn: That which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor; cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage. The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in repartees and points of wit. Addison. The keen observation and ironical pleasantry of a finished man of the world. Macaulay.

PLEASANT-TONGUED Pleas"ant-tongued`, a.

Defn: Of pleasing speech.

PLEASE Please, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleased; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasing.] Etym: [OE. plesen, OF. plaisir, fr. L. placere, akin to placare to reconcile. Cf. Complacent, Placable, Placid, Plea, Plead, Pleasure.]

1. To give pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions in; to make glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy. I pray to God that it may plesen you. Chaucer. What next I bring shall please thee, be assured. Milton.

2. To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire; to will. Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he. Ps. cxxxv. 6. A man doing as he wills, and doing as he pleases, are the same things in common speech. J. Edwards.

3. To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to; — used impersonally. "It pleased the Father that in him should all fullness dwell." Col. i. 19. To-morrow, may it please you. Shak. To be pleased in or with, to have complacency in; to take pleasure in. — To be pleased to do a thing, to take pleasure in doing it; to have the will to do it; to think proper to do it. Dryden.

PLEASE Please, v. i.

1. To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable emotions. What pleasing scemed, for her now pleases more. Milton. For we that live to please, must please to live. Johnson.

2. To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent. Heavenly stranger, please to taste These bounties. Milton. That he would please 8give me my liberty. Swift.

PLEASED Pleased, a.

Defn: Experiencing pleasure. — Pleas"ed*ly, adv. — Pleas"ed*ness, n.

PLEASEMAN Please"man, n.

Defn: An officious person who courts favor servilely; a pickthank. [Obs.] Shak.

PLEASER Pleas"er, n.

Defn: One who pleases or gratifies.

PLEASING Pleas"ing, a.

Defn: Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable emotion; agreeable; delightful; as, a pleasing prospect; pleasing manners. "Pleasing harmony." Shak. "Pleasing features." Macaulay. — Pleas"ing*ly, adv. — Pleas"ing*ness, n.

Syn. — Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See Pleasant.

PLEASING Pleas"ing, n.

Defn: An object of pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEASURABLE Pleas"ur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction; gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry. Planting of orchards is very . . . pleasurable. Bacon. O, sir, you are very pleasurable. B. Jonson. — Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. — Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv.

PLEASURE Pleas"ure, n. Etym: [F. plaisir, originally an infinitive. See Please.]

1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or satisfying; — opposed to Ant: pain, Ant: sorrow, etc. At thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. Ps. xvi. 11.

2. Amusement; sport; diversion; self-indulgence; frivolous or dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; — opposed to labor, service, duty, self-denial, etc. "Not sunk in carnal pleasure." Milton. He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man. Prov. xxi. 17. Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God. 2 Tim. iii. 4.

3. What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying; hence, will; choice; wish; purpose. "He will do his pleasure on Babylon." Isa. xlviii. 14. Use your pleasure; if your love do not presuade you to come, let not my letter. Shak.

4. That which pleases; a favor; a gratification. Shak. Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure Acts xxv. 9. At pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice. Dryden. — To take pleasure in, to have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11.

Note: Pleasure is used adjectively, or in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, pleasure boat, pleasure ground; pleasure house, etc.

Syn. — Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy; gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor; kindness.

PLEASURE Pleas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleasured; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasuring.]

Defn: To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify. Shak. [Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith. Tennyson.

PLEASURE Pleas"ure, v. i.

Defn: To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go pleasuring.

PLEASUREFUL Pleas"ure*ful, a.

Defn: Affording pleasure. [R.]

PLEASURELESS Pleas"ure*less, a.

Defn: Devoid of pleasure. G. Eliot.

PLEASURER Pleas"ur*er, n.

Defn: A pleasure seeker. Dickens.

PLEASURIST Pleas"ur*ist, n.

Defn: A person devoted to worldly pleasure. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PLEAT Pleat, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Plait.

PLEBE Plebe, n. Etym: [F. plèbe, fr. L. plebs.]

1. The common people; the mob. [Obs.] The plebe with thirst and fury prest. Sylvester.

2. Etym: [Cf. Plebeian.]

Defn: A member of the lowest class in the military academy at West Point. [Cant, U.S.]

PLEBEIAN Ple*be"ian, a. Etym: [L. plebeius, from plebs, plebis, the common people: cf. F. plébéien.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs, or common people.

2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as, plebeian sports; a plebeian throng.

PLEBEIAN Ple*be"ian, n.

1. One of the plebs, or common people of ancient Rome, in distinction from patrician.

2. One of the common people, or lower rank of men.

PLEBEIANCE Ple*be"iance, n.

1. Plebeianism. [Obs.]

2. Plebeians, collectively. [Obs.]

PLEBEIANISM Ple*be"ian*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plébéianisme.]

1. The quality or state of being plebeian.

2. The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.

PLEBEIANIZE Ple*be"ian*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plebeianized; p. pr. & vb. n. Plebeianizing.]

Defn: To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.

PLEBICOLIST Ple*bic"o*list, n. Etym: [L. plebs the common people + colere to cultivate.]

Defn: One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common people; a demagogue. [R.]

PLEBIFICATION Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. plebs the common people + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: A rendering plebeian; the act of vulgarizing. [R.] You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but you will end in the plebification of knowledge. Coleridge.

PLEBISCITARY Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to plebiscite. The Century.

PLEBISCITE Pleb"i*scite, n. Etym: [F. plébiscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.]

Defn: A vote by universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a popular vote, as first sanctioned by the National Constitution of 1791. [Written also plebiscit.] Plebiscite we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French. Fitzed. Hall.

PLEBISCITUM Ple`bis*ci"tum, n. Etym: [L., fr. plebs, plebis, common people + scitum decree.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A law enacted by the common people, under the superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the intervention of the senate.

PLEBS Plebs (plebz), n. [L. Cf. Plebe.]

1. The commonalty of ancient Rome who were citizens without the usual political rights; the plebeians; — distinguished from the patricians.

2. Hence, the common people; the populace; —construed as a pl.

PLECTILE Plec"tile, a. Etym: [L. plectilis.]

Defn: Woven; plaited. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PLECTOGNATH Plec"tog*nath, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi. — n.

Defn: One of the Plectognathi.

PLECTOGNATHI Plec*to"gna*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes generally having the maxillary bone united with the premaxillary, and the articular united with the dentary.

Note: The upper jaw is immovably joined to the skull; the ventral fins are rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered with bony plates, spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen. The order includes the diodons, filefishes, globefishes, and trunkfishes.

PLECTOGNATHIC; PLEC-TOGNATHOUS Plec`tog*nath"ic, Plec-tog"na*thous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.

PLECTOSPONDYLI Plec`to*spon"dy*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive suborder of fresh-water physostomous fishes having the anterior vertebræ united and much modified; the Eventognathi.

PLECTOSPONDYLOUS Plec`to*spon"dy*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Plectospondyli.

PLECTRUM Plec"trum, n.; pl. L. Plectra, E. Plectrums. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A small instrument of ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in playing upon the lyre and other stringed instruments.

PLED Pled,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Plead [Colloq.] Spenser.

PLEDGE Pledge, n. Etym: [OF. plege, pleige, pledge, guaranty, LL. plegium, plivium; akin to OF. plevir to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L. praebere to proffer, offer (sc. fidem a trust, a promise of security), but cf. also E. play. sq. root28. Cf. Prebend, Replevin.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so delivered or deposited; something put in pawn.

Note: Pledge is ordinarily confined to personal property; the title or ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential to it. In all these points it differs from a mortgage [see Mortgage]; and in the last, from the hypotheca of the Roman law. See Hypotheca. Story. Kent.

2. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A person who undertook, or became responsible, for another; a bail; a surety; a hostage. "I am Grumio's pledge." Shak.

3. A hypothecation without transfer of possession.

4. Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of an act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the performance of treaties. "That voice, their liveliest pledge of hope." Milton.

5. A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign the pledge; the mayor had made no pledges.

6. A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a toast; a health. Dead pledge. Etym: [A translation of LL. mortuum vadium.] (Law) A mortgage. See Mortgage. — Living pledge. Etym: [A translation of LL. vivum vadium.] (Law) The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits. — To hold in pledge, to keep as security. — To put in pledge, to pawn; to give as security.

Syn. — See Earnest.

PLEDGE Pledge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pledged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pledging.] Etym: [Cf. OF. pleiger to give security. See Pledge, n.]

1. To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as security; as, to pledge one's watch.

2. To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight; as, to pledge one's word and honor. We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. The Declaration of Independence.

3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge. [Obs.] To pledge my vow, I give my hand. Shak.

4. To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly; as, to pledge one's self.

5. To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the health of; to toast. Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise. Cowley.

PLEDGEE Pledg*ee", n.

Defn: The one to whom a pledge is given, or to whom property pledged is delivered.

PLEDGELESS Pledge"less, a.

Defn: Having no pledge.

PLEDGEOR; PLEDGOR Pledge*or", Pledg*or", n. (Law)

Defn: One who pledges, or delivers anything in pledge; a pledger; — opposed to Ant: pledgee.

Note: This word analogically requires the e after g, but the spelling pledgor is perhaps commoner.

PLEDGER Pledg"er, n.

Defn: One who pledges.

PLEDGERY Pledg"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. pleigerie.]

Defn: A pledging; suretyship. [Obs.]

PLEDGET Pledg"et, n. Etym: [Prov. E., a small plug.]

1. A small plug. [Prov. End.]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A string of oakum used in calking.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound, ulcer, or the like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the matter discharged.

PLEGEPODA Ple*gep"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (-poda. In allusion to the rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Infusoria.

PLEIAD Ple"iad, n.

Defn: One of the Pleiades.

PLEIADES Ple"ia*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (

1. (Myth.)

Defn: The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation Taurus. Job xxxviii. 31.

Note: Alcyone, the brightest of these, a star of the third magnitude, was considered by Mädler the central point around which our universe is revolving, but there is no sufficient evidence of such motion. Only six pleiads are distinctly visible to the naked eye, whence the ancients supposed that a sister had concealed herself out of shame for having loved a mortal, Sisyphus.

PLEIN Plein, a.

Defn: Plan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEIN Plein, v. i. & t.

Defn: To complain. See Plain. [Obs.]

PLEIN Plein, a. Etym: [OF. & F., fr. L. plenus.]

Defn: Full; complete. [Obs.] "Plein remission." Chaucer. — Plein"ly, adv.

PLEIOCENE Plei"o*cene, a. (Geol.)

Defn: See Pliocene.

PLEIOPHYLLOUS Plei*oph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having several leaves; — used especially when several leaves or leaflets appear where normally there should be only one.

PLEIOSAURUS Plei`o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Pliosaurus.

PLEISTOCENE Pleis"to*cene, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the epoch, or the deposits, following the Tertiary, and immediately preceding man. — n.

Defn: The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.

PLENAL Ple"nal, a. Etym: [L. plenus full. Cf. Plenary.]

Defn: Full; complete; as, a plenal view or act. [Obs.]

PLENARILY Ple"na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a plenary manner.

PLENARINESS Ple"na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being plenary.

PLENARTY Plen"ar*ty, n.

Defn: The state of a benefice when occupied. Blackstone.

PLENARY Ple"na*ry, a. Etym: [LL. plenarius, fr. L. plenus full. See Plenty.]

Defn: Full; entire; complete; absolute; as, a plenary license; plenary authority. A treatise on a subject should be plenary or full. I. Watts. Plenary indulgence (R. C. Ch.), an entire remission of temporal punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins. — Plenary inspiration. (Theol.) See under Inspiration.

PLENARY Ple"na*ry, n. (Law)

Defn: Decisive procedure. [Obs.]

PLENE Plene, æ. Etym: [L. plenus full.]

Defn: Full; complete; plenary. [Obs.]

PLENICORN Ple"ni*corn, n. Etym: [L. plenus full + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ruminant having solid horns or antlers, as the deer. Brande & C.

PLENILUNARY Plen`i*lu"na*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the full moon. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PLENILUNE Plen"i*lune, n. Etym: [L. plenilunium; plenus full + luna the moon.]

Defn: The full moon. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PLENIPOTENCE; PLENIPOTENCY Ple*nip"o*tence, Ple*nip"o*ten*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plenipotent. [R.]

PLENIPOTENT Ple*nip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. plenus full + potens, -entis, potent.]

Defn: Possessing full power. [R.] Milton.

PLENIPOTENTIARY Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, n.; pl. Plenipotentiaries. Etym: [LL. plenipotentiarius: cf. F. plénipotentiaire.]

Defn: A person invested with full power to transact any business; especially, an ambassador or envoy to a foreign court, with full power to negotiate a treaty, or to transact other business.

PLENIPOTENTIARY Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, a.

Defn: Containing or conferring full power; invested with full power; as, plenipotentiary license; plenipotentiary ministers. Howell.

PLENISH Plen"ish, v. t. Etym: [See Replenish.]

1. To replenish. [Obs.] T. Reeve.

2. To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm. [Scot.]

PLENISHING Plen"ish*ing, n.

Defn: Household furniture; stock. [Scot.]

PLENIST Ple"nist, n. Etym: [L. plenus full; cf. F. pléniste.]

Defn: One who holds that all space is full of matter.

PLENITUDE Plen"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. plenitudo, fr. plenus full; cf. F. plenitude.]

1. The quality or state of being full or complete; fullness; completeness; abundance; as, the plenitude of space or power.

2. Animal fullness; repletion; plethora. [Obs.]

PLENITUDINARIAN Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: A plenist.

PLENITUDINARY Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough. [Obs.]

PLENTEOUS Plen"te*ous, a. Etym: [From Plenty.]

1. Containing plenty; abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose; as, a plenteous supply. "Reaping plenteous crop." Milton.

2. Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful. "The seven plenteous years." Gen. xli. 34.

3. Having plenty; abounding; rich. The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. Deut. xxviii. 11.

Syn. — Plentiful; copious; full. See Ample. — Plen"te*ous*ly, adv. — Plen"te*ous*ness, n.

PLENTEVOUS Plen"te*vous, a.

Defn: Plenteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLENTIFUL Plen"ti*ful, a.

1. Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; as, a plentiful harvest; a plentiful supply of water.

2. Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful. If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more plentiful year. Bacon.

3. Lavish; profuse; prodigal. [Obs.] He that is plentiful in expenses will hardly be preserved from Bacon. — Plen"ti*ful*ly, adv. — Plen"ti*ful*ness, n.

PLENTY Plen"ty, n.; pl. Plenties, in Shak. Etym: [OE. plentee, plente, OF. plenté, fr. L. plenitas, fr. plenus full. See Full, a., and cf. Complete.]

Defn: Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency; specifically, abundant productiveness of the earth; ample supply for human wants; abundance; copiousness. "Plenty of corn and wine." Gen. xxvii. 28. "Promises Britain peace and plenty." Shak. Houses of office stuffed with plentee. Chaucer. The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world. Thomson.

Syn. — Abundance; exuberance. See Abundance.

PLENTY Plen"ty, a.

Defn: Plentiful; abundant. [Obs. or Colloq.] If reasons were as plenty as blackberries. Shak. (Folio ed.) Those countries where shrubs are plenty. Goldsmith.

PLENUM Ple"num, n. Etym: [L., fr. plenus full.]

Defn: That state in which every part of space is supposed to be full of matter; — opposed to vacuum. G. Francis.

PLEOCHROIC Ple`o*chro"ic, a.

Defn: Having the property of pleochroism.

PLEOCHROISM Ple*och"ro*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property possessed by some crystals, of showing different colors when viewed in the direction of different axes.

PLEOCHROMATIC Ple*och`ro*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Pleochroic.

PLEOCHROMATISM Ple`o*chro"ma*tism, n.

Defn: Pleochroism.

PLEOCHROOUS Ple*och"ro*ous, a.

Defn: Pleochroic.

PLEOMORPHIC Ple`o*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the pleomorphic character of bacteria.

PLEOMORPHISM Ple`o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property of crystallizing under two or more distinct fundamental forms, including dimorphism and trimorphism.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases or variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which may exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the forms characteristic of the different genera and species.

PLEOMORPHOUS Ple`o*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Having the property of pleomorphism.

PLEONASM Ple"o*nasm, ( n. Etym: [L. pleonasmus, Gr. Full, a., and cf. Poly-, Plus.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Redundancy of language in speaking or writing; the use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; as, I saw it with my own eyes.

PLEONAST Ple"o*nast, n.

Defn: One who is addicted to pleonasm. [R.] C. Reade.

PLEONASTE Ple"o*naste, n. Etym: [Gr.pléonaste.] (Min.)

Defn: A black variety of spinel.

PLEONASTIC; PLEONASTICAL Ple`o*nas"tic, Ple`o*nas"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pléonastique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm; redundant.

PLEONASTICALLY Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pleonastic manner.

PLEOPOD Ple"o*pod, n.; pl. E. Pleopods, L. Pleopoda. Etym: [Gr. -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean. See Illust. under Crustacea.

PLEROME Ple"rome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The central column of parenchyma in a growing stem or root.

PLEROPHORY Ple*roph"o*ry, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fullness; full persuasion. "A plerophory of assurance." Bp. Hall.

PLESANCE Ples"ance, n.

Defn: Pleasance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLESH Plesh, n.

Defn: A pool; a plash. [Obs.] Spenser.

PLESIMORPHISM Ple`si*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The property possessed by some substances of crystallizing in closely similar forms while unlike in chemical composition.

PLESIOMORPHOUS Ple`si*o*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Nearly alike in form.

PLESIOSAUR Ple"si*o*saur, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Plesiosauria.

PLESIOSAURIA Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Plesiosaurus.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the genera Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; — called also Sauropterygia.

PLESIOSAURIAN Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A plesiosaur.

PLESIOSAURUS Ple`si*o*sau"rus, n.; pl. Plesiosauri. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large extinct marine reptiles, having a very long neck, a small head, and paddles for swimming. It lived in the Mesozoic age.

PLESSIMETER Ples*sim"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Pleximeter.

PLETE Plete, v. t. & i.

Defn: To plead. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

PLETHORA Pleth"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Pleonasm.]

1. Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood vessels; repletion; that state of the blood vessels or of the system when the blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyperæmia; — opposed to anæmia.

2. State of being overfull; excess; superabundance. He labors under a plethora of wit and imagination. Jeffrey.

PLETHORETIC Pleth`o*ret"ic, a.

Defn: Plethoric. [Obs.] Johnson.

PLETHORIC Ple*thor"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. pléthorique.]

Defn: Haeving a full habit of body; characterized by plethora or excess of blood; as, a plethoric constitution; — used also metaphorically. "Plethoric phrases." Sydney Smith. "Plethoric fullness of thought." De Quincey.

PLETHORICAL Ple*thor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Plethoric. [R.] — Ple*thor"ic*al*ly, adv. Burke.

PLETHORY Pleth"o*ry, n.

Defn: Plethora. Jer. Taylor.

PLETHRON; PLETHRUM Pleth"ron, Pleth"rum, n.; pl. Plethra. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A long measure of 100 Greek, or 101 English, feet; also, a square measure of 10,000 Greek feet.

PLETHYSMOGRAPH Pleth"ys*mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for determining and registering the variations in the size or volume of a limb, as the arm or leg, and hence the variations in the amount of blood in the limb. — Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic, a.

PLETHYSMOGRAPHY Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The study, by means of the plethysmograph, of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of its blood supply.

PLEURA Pleu"ra, n.,

Defn: pl. of Pleuron.

PLEURA Pleu"ra, n.; pl. L. Pleuræ, E. Pleuras. Etym: [NL., n. fem., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.) (a) The smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane. (b) The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pleuron.

PLEURAL Pleu"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleuræ, or to the sides of the thorax.

PLEURALGIA Pleu*ral"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the side or region of the ribs.

PLEURAPOPHYSIS Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Pleurapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Pleura, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, or the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or corresponding to, a vertebral rib. — Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al, a. Owen.

PLEURENCHYMA Pleu*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tissue consisting of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is mainly composed.

PLEURIC Pleu"ric, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pleural.

PLEURISY Pleu"ri*sy, n. Etym: [F. pleurésie, L. pleurisis, pleuritis, Gr pleyri is (sc. no`sos), fr. pleyra` rib, side.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever, pain, difficult respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural cavity. Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a) The large tuberous root of a kind of milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic and other diseases. (b) The plant itself, which has deep orange-colored flowers; — called also butterfly weed.

PLEURITE Pleu"rite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pleuron.

PLEURITIC; PLEURITICAL Pleu*rit"ic, Pleu*rit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. pleuriticus, Gr. pleurétique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to pleurisy; as, pleuritic symptoms. (b) Suffering from pleurisy.

PLEURITIS Pleu*ri"tis, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Pleurisy.

PLEURO- Pleu"ro-. Etym: [See Pleura.]

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to a side; specif., connection with, or situation in or near, the pleura; as, pleuroperitoneum.

PLEUROBRACHIA Pleu`ro*brach"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Pleuro-, and Brachium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ctenophores having an ovate body and two long plumose tentacles.

PLEUROBRANCH Pleu"ro*branch, n. Etym: [See Pleuro-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the gills of a crustacean that is attached to the side of the thorax.

PLEUROBRANCHIA Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Pleuroeranchiæ. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pleurobranch.

PLEUROCARP Pleu"ro*carp, n. Etym: [Pleuro- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any pleurocarpic moss.

PLEUROCARPIC; PLEUROCARPOUS Pleu`ro*car"pic, Pleu`ro*car"pous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Side-fruited; — said of those true mosses in which the pedicels or the capsules are from lateral archegonia; — opposed to Ant: acrocarpous.

PLEUROCENTRUM Pleu`ro*cen"trum, n. Etym: [NL. see Pleuro-, and Centrum.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the lateral elements in the centra of the vertebræ in some fossil batrachians.

PLEURODERES Pleu*rod"e*res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fresh-water turtles in which the neck can not be retracted, but is bent to one side, for protection. The matamata is an example.

PLEURODONT Pleu"ro*dont, a. Etym: [Pleuro- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the teeth consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw, as in some lizards.

PLEURODONT Pleu"ro*dont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.

PLEURODYNIA Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A painful affection of the side, simulating pleurisy, usually due to rheumatism.

PLEURON Pleu"ron, n.; pl. Pleura. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the sides of an animal. (b) One of the lateral pieces of a somite of an insect. (c) One of lateral processes of a somite of a crustacean.

PLEURONECTOID Pleu`ro*nec"toid, a. Etym: [NL. Pleuronectes, name of a genus (fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Pleuronectidæ, or Flounder family.

PLEUROPERICARDIAL Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pleura and pericardium.

PLEUROPERIPNEUMONY Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny, n. Etym: [Pleuro- + peripneumony.] (Med.)

Defn: Pleuropneumonia.

PLEUROPERITONEAL Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pleural and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.

PLEUROPERITONEUM Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um, n. Etym: [Pleuro- + peritoneum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The pleural and peritoneal membranes, or the membrane lining the body cavity and covering the surface of the inclosed viscera; the peritoneum; — used especially in the case of those animals in which the body cavity is not divided.

Note: Peritoneum is now often used in the sense of pleuroperitoneum, the pleuræ being regarded as a part of the peritoneum, when the body cavity is undivided.

PLEUROPNEUMONIA Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [Pleuro- + pneumonia.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of cattle.

PLEUROPTERA Pleu*rop"te*ra, n. pl Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Isectivora, including the colugo.

PLEUROSIGMA Pleu`ro*sig"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Pleuro-, and Sigma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides slightly curved in the form of a letter S. Pleurosigma angulatum has very fine striations, and is a favorite object for testing the high powers of microscopes.

PLEUROSTEON Pleu*ros"te*on, n.; pl. L. Pleurostea, E. -ons. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The antero-lateral piece which articulates the sternum of birds.

PLEUROTHOTONUS Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A species of tetanus, in which the body is curved laterally. Quain. Dunglison.

PLEUROTOMA Pleu*rot"o*ma, n.; pl. L. Pleurotomæ, E. Pleurotomas. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine gastropod belonging to Pleurotoma, and ether allied genera of the family Pleurotmidæ. The species are very numerous, especially in tropical seas. The outer lip has usually a posterior notch or slit.

PLEVIN Plev"in, n. Etym: [OF. plevine. See Replevin.]

Defn: A warrant or assurance. [Obs.]

PLEXIFORM Plex"i*form, a. Etym: [Plexus + -form: cf. F. Plexiforme.]

Defn: Like network; complicated. Quincy.

PLEXIMETER Plex*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Med.)

Defn: A small, hard, elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or rubber, placed in contact with body to receive the blow, in examination by mediate percussion. [Written also plexometer.]

PLEXURE Plex"ure, n. Etym: [See Plexus.]

Defn: The act or process of weaving together, or interweaving; that which is woven together. H. Brooke.

PLEXUS Plex"us, n.; pl. L. Plexus, E. Plexuses. Etym: [L., a twining, braid, fr. plectere, plexum, to twine, braid.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A network of vessels, nerves, or fibers.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The system of equations required for the complete expression of the relations which exist between a set of quantities. Brande & C.

PLEY Pley, v. & n.

Defn: See Play. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEY Pley, a.

Defn: Full See Plein. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PLEYT Pleyt, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An old term for a river boat.

PLIABILITY Pli`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pliable; flexibility; as, pliability of disposition. "Pliability of movement." Sir W. Scott.

PLIABLE Pli"a*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. plier to bend, to fold. See Ply, v.]

1. Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible; pliant; supple; limber; yielding; as, willow is a pliable plant.

2. Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments, persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; — sometimes in a bad sense; as, a pliable youth. "Pliable she promised to be." Dr. H. More. — Pli"a*ble*ness, n. — Pli"a*bly, adv.

PLIANCY Pli"an*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pliant in sense; as, the pliancy of a rod. "Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind." Wordsworth.

PLIANT Pli"ant, a. Etym: [F. pliant, p. pr. of plier to bend. See Ply, v.]

1. Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; as, a pliant thread; pliant wax. Also used figuratively: Easily influenced for good or evil; tractable; as, a pliant heart. The will was then ductile and pliant to right reason. South.

2. Favorable to pliancy. [R.] "A pliant hour." Shak. — Pli"ant*ly, adv. — Pli"ant*ness, n.

PLICA Pli"ca, n. Etym: [LL., a fold, fr. L. plicare to fold. See Ply, v.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is hence called also Polish plait. Dunglison.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bend of the wing of a bird.

PLICATE; PLICATED Pli"cate, Pli"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. plicatus, p. p. of plicare to fold.]

Defn: Plaited; folded like a fan; as, a plicate leaf. — Pli"cate*ly, adv.

PLICATION Pli*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A folding or fold; a plait. Richardson.

PLICATURE Plic"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. plicatura, fr. plicare to fold.]

Defn: A fold; a doubling; a plication. Dr. H. More.

PLICIDENTINE Plic`i*den"tine, n. Etym: [LL. plica fold + E. dentine.] (Anat.)

Defn: A form of dentine which shows sinuous lines of structure in a transverse section of the tooth.

PLIED Plied,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Ply.

PLIERS Pli"ers, n. pl. Etym: [From Ply to bend, fold.]

Defn: A kind of small pinchers with long jaws, — used for bending or cutting metal rods or wire, for handling small objects such as the parts of a watch, etc.

PLIFORM Pli"form, a Etym: [Ply a fold + -form.]

Defn: In the form of a ply, fold, or doubling. [Obs.] Pennant.

PLIGHT Plight, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Plight, to pledge. Chaucer.

PLIGHT Plight, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Pluck. Chaucer.

PLIGHT Plight, v. t. Etym: [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL. plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.]

Defn: To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait.[Obs.] "To sew and plight." Chaucer. A plighted garment of divers colors. Milton.