O (continued 5)

1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth. This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the ancient chivalry. Burke.

2. That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the spring; the cause; the occasion.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contraction; — in contradistinction to insertion. Origin of coördinate axes (Math.), the point where the axes intersect. See Note under Ordinate.

Syn. — Commencement; rise; source; spring; fountain; derivation; cause; root; foundation. — Origin, Source. Origin denotes the rise or commencement of a thing; source presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing forth in a continuous stream of influences. The origin of moral evil has been much disputed, but no one can doubt that it is the source of most of the calamities of our race. I think he would have set out just as he did, with the origin of ideas — the proper starting point of a grammarian, who is to treat of their signs. Tooke. Famous Greece, That source of art and cultivated thought Which they to Rome, and Romans hither, brought. Waller.

ORIGINABLE O*rig"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being originated.

ORIGINAL O*rig"i*nal, a. Etym: [F. original, L. originalis.]

1. Pertaining to the origin or beginning; preceding all others; first in order; primitive; primary; pristine; as, the original state of man; the original laws of a country; the original inventor of a process. His form had yet not lost All her original brightness. Milton.

2. Not copied, imitated, or translated; new; fresh; genuine; as, an original thought; an original process; the original text of Scripture.

3. Having the power to suggest new thoughts or combinations of thought; inventive; as, an original genius.

4. Before unused or unknown; new; as, a book full of original matter. Original sin (Theol.), the first sin of Adam, as related to its consequences to his descendants of the human race; — called also total depravity. See Calvinism.

ORIGINAL O*rig"i*nal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. original.]

1. Origin; commencement; source. It hath it original from much grief. Shak. And spangled heavens, a shining frame, Their great Original proclaim. Addison.

2. That which precedes all others of its class; archetype; first copy; hence, an original work of art, manuscript, text, and the like, as distinguished from a copy, translation, etc. The Scriptures may be now read in their own original. Milton.

3. An original thinker or writer; an originator. [R.] Men who are bad at copying, yet are good originals. C. G. Leland.

4. A person of marked eccentricity. [Colloq.]

5. (Zoöl. & Bot.)

Defn: The natural or wild species from which a domesticated or cultivated variety has been derived; as, the wolf is thought by some to be the original of the dog, the blackthorn the original of the plum.

ORIGINALIST O*rig"i*nal*ist, n.

Defn: One who is original. [R.]

ORIGINALITY O*rig`i*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. originalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being original. Macaulay.

ORIGINALLY O*rig"i*nal*ly, adv.

1. In the original time, or in an original manner; primarily; from the beginning or origin; not by derivation, or imitation. God is originally holy in himself. Bp. Pearson.

2. At first; at the origin; at the time of formation or costruction; as, a book originally written by another hand. "Originally a half length [portrait]." Walpole.

ORIGINALNESS O*rig"i*nal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being original; originality. [R.] Johnson.

ORIGINANT O*rig"i*nant, a.

Defn: Originating; original. [R.] An absolutely originant act of self will. Prof. Shedd.

ORIGINARY O*rig"i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. originarius: cf. F. originaire.]

1. Causing existence; productive. [R.] The production of animals, in the originary way, requires a certain degree of warmth. Cheyne.

2. Primitive; primary; original. [R.] The grand originary right of all rights. Hickok.

ORIGINATE O*rig"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Originated; p. pr. & vb. n. Originating.] Etym: [From Origin.]

Defn: To give an origin or beginning to; to cause to be; to bring into existence; to produce as new. A decomposition of the whole civill and political mass, for the purpose of originating a new civil order. Burke.

ORIGINATE O*rig"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To take first existence; to have origin or beginning; to begin to exist or act; as, the scheme originated with the governor and council.

ORIGINATION O*rig`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. originatio.]

1. The act or process of bringing or coming into existence; first production. "The origination of the universe." Keill. What comes from spirit is a spontaneous origination. Hickok.

2. Mode of production, or bringing into being. This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, butterflies, after the common origination of all caterpillars. Ray.

ORIGINATIVE O*rig"i*na*tive, a.

Defn: Having power, or tending, to originate, or bring into existence; originating. H. Bushnell. — O*rig"i*na*tive*ly, adv.

ORIGINATOR O*rig"i*na`tor, n.

Defn: One who originates.

ORILLON O*ril"lon, n. Etym: [F., lit., a little ear, from oreille an ear, fr. L. oricula, auricula, dim. of auris an ear. See Ear.] (Fort.)

Defn: A semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, — found in old fortresses.

ORIOL O"ri*ol, n.

Defn: See Oriel.

ORIOLE O"ri*ole, n. Etym: [OF. oriol, oriouz, orieus, F. loriot (for l'oriol), fr. L. aureolus golden, dim. of aureus golden, fr. aurum gold. Cf. Aureole, Oriel, Loriot.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family Oriolidæ. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O. oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note. (b) In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Icteridæ. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard oriole, under Orchard. Crested oriole. (Zoöl.) See Cassican.

ORION O*ri"on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible to the naked eye. The flaming glories of Orion's belt. E. Everett.

ORISKANY O*ris"ka*ny, a. Etym: [From Oriskany, in New York.] (Geol.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, certain beds, chiefly limestone, characteristic of the latest period of the Silurian age. Oriskany period, a subdivision of the American Paleozoic system intermediate or translational in character between the Silurian and Devonian ages. See Chart of Geology.

ORISMOLOGICAL O*ris`mo*log"ic*al, a. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to orismology.

ORISMOLOGY O`ris*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. See Horizon.]

Defn: That departament of natural history which treats of technical terms.

ORISON Or"i*son, n. Etym: [OF. orison, oreson, oreison, F. oraison, fr. L. oratio speech, prayer. See Oration.]

Defn: A prayer; a supplication. [Poetic] Chaucer. Shak. Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly paid. Milton.

ORISONT Or"i*sont, n.

Defn: Horizon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ORK Ork, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Orc.

ORKNEYAN Ork"ney*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Orkney islands. "Orkneyan skerries." Longfellow.

ORLE Orle, n. Etym: [F. orle an orle, a fillet, fr. LL. orla border, dim. of L. ora border, margin.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing, in the form of a fillet, round the shield, within, but at some distance from, the border.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The wreath, or chaplet, surmounting or encircling the helmet of a knight and bearing the crest. In orle, round the escutcheon, leaving the middle of the field vacant, or occupied by something else; — said of bearings arranged on the shield in the form of an orle.

ORLEANS Or"le*ans, n. Etym: [So called from the city of Orléans, in France.]

1. A cloth made of worsted and cotton, — used for wearing apparel.

2. A variety of the plum. See under Plum. [Eng.]

ORLO Or"lo, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of music in use among the Spaniards.

ORLOP Or"lop, n. Etym: [D. overloop the upper deck, lit., a running over or overflowing, fr. overloopen to run over. See Over, and Leap, and cf. Overloop.] (Naut.)

Defn: The lowest deck of a vessel, esp. of a ship of war, consisting of a platform laid over the beams in the hold, on which the cables are coiled.

ORMAZD; AHURA-MAZDA Or"mazd or A`hu*ra-Maz"da, n. [Zend Ahuramazda.] (Zoroastrianism)

Defn: The supreme deity, the principle of good, creator of the world, and guardian of mankind. He is the opponent of Ahriman, the spirit of evil, both being sprung from Eternity, or, according to another version, Ahriman being the offspring of a moment of doubt on the part of Ormazd. Ormazd is attended by angels and archangels. He is represented as a bearded man inclosed in a winged circle, a conception probably derived from the Assyrian representations of Ashur.

ORMER Or"mer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An abalone.

ORMOLU Or`mo*lu", n. Etym: [F. or moulu; or gold (L. aurum) + moulu, p. p. of moudre to grind, to mill, L. molere. See Aureate, and Mill.]

Defn: A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold. Ormolu varnish, a varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold.

ORMUZD Or"muzd, n. Etym: [Zend Ahuramazda.]

Defn: The good principle, or being, of the ancient Persian religion. See Ahriman.

ORN Orn, v. t.

Defn: To ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] Joye.

ORNAMENT Or"na*ment, n. Etym: [OE. ornement, F. ornement, fr. L. ornamentum, fr. ornare to adorn.]

Defn: That which embellishes or adorns; that which adds grace or beauty; embellishment; decoration; adornment. The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1 Pet. iii. 4. Like that long-buried body of the king Found lying with his urns and ornaments. Tennyson.

ORNAMENT Or"na*ment, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ornamented; p. pr. & vb. n. Ornamenting.]

Defn: To adorn; to deck; to embellish; to beautify; as, to ornament a room, or a city.

Syn. — See Adorn.

ORNAMENTAL Or`na*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ornemental.]

Defn: Serving to ornament; characterized by ornament; beautifying; embellishing. Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others, about their ankles. Sir T. Browne.

ORNAMENTALLY Or`na*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of ornament.

ORNAMENTATION Or`na*men*ta"tion, n.

1. The act or art of ornamenting, or the state of being ornamented.

2. That which ornaments; ornament. C. Kingsley.

ORNAMENTER Or"na*ment*er, n.

Defn: One who ornaments; a decorator.

ORNATE Or*nate", a. Etym: [L. ornatus, p. p. of ornare to adorn.]

1. Adorned; decorated; beautiful. "So bedecked, ornate, and gay." Milton.

2. Finely finished, as a style of composition. A graceful and ornate rhetoric. Milton.

ORNATE Or*nate", v. t.

Defn: To adorn; to honor. [R.] They may ornate and sanctify the name of God. Latimer.

ORNATELY Or*nate"ly, adv.

Defn: In an ornate manner. Sir T. More.

ORNATENESS Or*nate"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ornate.

ORNATURE Or"na*ture, n. Etym: [L. ornatura.]

Defn: Decoration; ornamentation. [R.] Holinshed.

ORNITHIC Or*nith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to birds; as, ornithic fossils. Owen.

ORNITHICHNITE Or`nith*ich"nite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The footmark of a bird occurring in strata of stone. Hitchcock.

ORNITHICHNOLOGY Or`nith*ich*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + ichnology.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The branch of science which treats of ornithichnites. Hitchcock.

ORNITHO- Ornitho-. Etym: [Cf. Ern.]

Defn: A combining form fr. Gr.

ORNITHODELPHIA Or*ni`tho*del"phi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Monotremata. — Or`ni*tho*del"phid, a.

ORNITHOIDICHNITE Or`ni*thoid*ich"nite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -oid + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil track resembling that of a bird. Hitchcock.

ORNITHOLITE Or*nith"o*lite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -lite.] (Paleon.) (a) The fossil remains of a bird. (b) A stone of various colors bearing the figures of birds.

ORNITHOLOGIC; ORNITHOLOGICAL Or`ni*tho*log"ic, Or`ni*tho*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ornithologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ornithology.

ORNITHOLOGIST Or`ni*thol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ornithologiste.]

Defn: One skilled in ornithology; a student of ornithology; one who describes birds.

ORNITHOLOGY Or`ni*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -logy: cf. F. ornithologie.]

1. That branch of zoölogy which treats of the natural history of birds and their classification.

2. A treatise or book on this science.

ORNITHOMANCY Or*nith"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. ornithomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of birds, their flight, etc. Ornithomancy grew into an elaborate science. De Quincey.

ORNITHON Or*ni"thon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: An aviary; a poultry house. Weale.

ORNITHOPAPPI Or*ni`tho*pap"pi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct order of birds. It includes only the Archæopteryx.

ORNITHOPODA Or`ni*thop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ornitho-, and -poda.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of herbivorous dinosaurs with birdlike characteristics in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind legs, which in some genera had only three functional toes, and supported the body in walking as in Iguanodon. See Illust. in Appendix.

ORNITHORHYNCHUS Or`ni*tho*rhyn"chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Duck mole, under Duck.

ORNITHOSAURIA Or*ni`tho*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ornitho-, and Sauria.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of extinct flying reptiles; — called also Pterosauria.

ORNITHOSCELIDA Or*ni`tho*scel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of extinct Reptilia, intermediate in structure (especially with regard to the pelvis) between reptiles and birds. — Or`ni*tho*scel"i*dan, a.

ORNITHOSCOPY Or`ni*thos"co*py, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -scopy: cf. Gr.

Defn: Observation of birds and their habits. [R.] De Quincey.

ORNITHOTOMICAL Or`ni*tho*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ornithotomy.

ORNITHOTOMIST Or`ni*thot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in ornithotomy.

ORNITHOTOMY Or`ni*thot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of birds.

OROGRAPH Or"o*graph, n. [Gr. mountain + -graph.] (Surveying)

Defn: A machine for use in making topographical maps. It is operated by being pushed across country, and not only records distances, like the perambulator, but also elevations.

OROGRAPHIC; OROGRAPHICAL Or`o*graph"ic, Or`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to orography.

OROGRAPHY O*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: That branch of science which treats of mountains and mountain systems; orology; as, the orography of Western Europe.

OROHELIOGRAPH Or`o*he"li*o*graph, n. [Gr. mountain + helio- + -graph.] (Photog.)

Defn: A camera for obtaining a circular panoramic view of the horizon. The photographic plate is placed horizontally with a vertical lens above. A mirror of peculiar shape reflects light from the entire horizon to the lens, by means of which it is focused upon the plate.

OROHIPPUS Or`o*hip"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of American Eocene mammals allied to the horse, but having four toes in front and three behind.

OROIDE O"roide, n. Etym: [F. or gold (L. aurum) + Gr.

Defn: An alloy, chiefly of copper and zinc or tin, resembling gold in color and brilliancy. [Written also oreide.]

OROLOGICAL Or`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. orologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to orology.

OROLOGIST O*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in orology.

OROLOGY O*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. orologie.]

Defn: The science or description of mountains.

OROMETER O*rom"e*ter, n. [Gr. mountain + -meter.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An aneroid barometer having a second scale that gives the approximate elevation above sea level of the place where the observation is made.

OROTUND O"ro*tund`, a. Etym: [L. os, oris, the mouth + rotundus round, smooth.]

Defn: Characterized by fullness, clearness, strength, and smoothness; ringing and musical; — said of the voice or manner of utterance. — n.

Defn: The orotund voice or utterance Rush.

OROTUNDITY O`ro*tun"di*ty, n.

Defn: The orotund mode of intonation.

ORPHALINE Or"pha*line, n.

Defn: See Orpheline. [Obs.]

ORPHAN Or"phan, n. Etym: [L. orphanus, Gr. orbus. Cf. Orb a blank window.]

Defn: A child bereaved of both father and mother; sometimes, also, a child who has but one parent living. Orphans' court (Law), a court in some of the States of the Union, having jurisdiction over the estates and persons of orphans or other wards. Bouvier.

ORPHAN Or"phan, a.

Defn: Bereaved of parents, or (sometimes) of one parent.

ORPHAN Or"phan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orphaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Orphaning.]

Defn: To cause to become an orphan; to deprive of parents. Young.

ORPHANAGE Or"phan*age, n.

1. The state of being an orphan; orphanhood; orphans, collectively.

2. An institution or asylum for the care of orphans.

ORPHANCY Or"phan*cy, n.

Defn: Orphanhood. Sir P. Sidney.

ORPHANET Or"phan*et, n.

Defn: A little orphan. Drayton.

ORPHANHOOD Or"phan*hood, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being an orphan; orphanage.

ORPHANISM Or"phan*ism, n.

Defn: Orphanhood. [R.]

ORPHANOTROPHISM Or`phan*ot"ro*phism, n.

Defn: The care and support of orphans. [R.] Cotton Mather (1711).

ORPHANOTROPHY Or`phan*ot"ro*phy, n. Etym: [L. orphanotrophium, Gr.

1. A hospital for orphans. [R.] A. Chalmers.

2. The act of supporting orphans. [R.]

ORPHARION Or*pha"ri*on, n. (Mus.)

Defn: An old instrument of the lute or cittern kind. [Spelt also orpheoreon.]

ORPHEAN Or*phe"an, a. Etym: [L. Orphus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Orpheus, the mythic poet and musician; as, Orphean strains. Cowper.

ORPHELINE Or"phe*line, n. Etym: [F. orphelin. See Orphan.]

Defn: An orphan. [Obs.] Udcll.

ORPHEUS Or"phe*us, n. Etym: [L. Orpheus, Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.

ORPHIC Or"phic, a. Etym: [L. Orphicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns.

ORPHREY Or"phrey, n. Etym: [See Orfrays.]

Defn: A band of rich embroidery, wholly or in part of gold, affixed to vestments, especially those of ecclesiastics. Pugin.

ORPIMENT Or"pi*ment, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. auripigmentum; aurum gold + pigmentum pigment. Cf. Aureate, Pigment, Orpin, Orpine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Arsenic sesquisulphide, produced artificially as an amorphous lemonyellow powder, and occurring naturally as a yellow crystalline mineral; — formerly called auripigment. It is used in king's yellow, in white Indian fire, and in certain technical processes, as indigo printing. Our orpiment and sublimed mercurie. Chaucer. Red orpiment, realgar; the red sulphide of arsenic. — Yellow orpiment, king's yellow.

ORPIN Or"pin, n. Etym: [F., orpiment, also, the plant orpine. See Orpiment.]

1. A yellow pigment of various degrees of intensity, approaching also to red.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The orpine.

ORPINE Or"pine, n. Etym: [F. orpin the genus of plants which includes orpine; — so called from the yellow blossoms of a common species (Sedum acre). See Orpiment.] (Bot.)

Defn: A low plant with fleshy leaves (Sedum telephium), having clusters of purple flowers. It is found on dry, sandy places, and on old walls, in England, and has become naturalized in America. Called also stonecrop, and live-forever. [Written also orpin.]

ORRACH Or"rach, n.

Defn: See Orach.

ORRERY Or"re*ry, n.; pl. Orreries. Etym: [So named in honor of the Earl of Orrery.]

Defn: An apparatus which illustrates, by the revolution of balls moved by wheelwork, the relative size, periodic motions, positions, orbits, etc., of bodies in the solar system.

ORRIS Or"ris, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted from It. ireos iris. See Iris.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Iris (I. Florentina); a kind of flower-de- luce. Its rootstock has an odor resembling that of violets. Orris pea (Med.), an issue pea made from orris root. — Orris root, the fragrant rootstock of the orris.

ORRIS Or"ris, n.

1. Etym: [Contr. from orfrays, or from arras.]

Defn: A sort of gold or silver lace. Johnson.

2. A peculiar pattern in which gold lace or silver lace is worked; especially, one in which the edges are ornamented with conical figures placed at equal distances, with spots between them.

ORSEDEW; ORSEDUE Orse"dew, Or"se*due, n.

Defn: Leaf metal of bronze; Dutch metal. See under Dutch.

ORSEILLE Or`seille", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Archil.

ORSELLIC Or*sel"lic, a. Etym: [From F. orseille archil. See Archil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in certain lichens, and called also lecanoric acid. [Formerly written also orseillic.]

ORSELLINIC Or`sel*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by a partial decomposition of orsellic acid as a white crystalline substance, and related to protocatechuic acid.

ORT Ort, n.; pl. Orts. Etym: [Akin to LG. ort, ortels, remnants of food, refuse, OFries. ort, OD. oorete, ooraete; prob. from the same prefix as in E. ordeal + a word akin to eat.]

Defn: A morsel left at a meal; a fragment; refuse; — commonly used in the plural. Milton. Let him have time a beggar's orts to crave. Shak.

ORTALIDIAN Or`ta*lid"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small two-winged flies of the family Ortalidæ. The larvæ of many of these flies live in fruit; those of others produce galls on various plants.

ORTHID Or"thid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brachiopod shell of the genus Orthis, and allied genera, of the family Orthidæ.

ORTHIS Or"this, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Brachiopoda, abundant in the Paleozoic rocks.

ORTHITE Or"thite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of allanite occurring in slender prismatic crystals.

ORTHO- Or"tho-. Etym: [Gr. upright, vrdh to grow, to cause to grow.]

1. A combining form signifying straight, right, upright, correct, regular; as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox, orthographic.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively), designating: (a) (Inorganic Chem.) The one of several acids of the same element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with the greatest number of hydroxyl groups; as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. Normal. (b) (Organic Chem.)

Defn: Connection with, or affinity to, one variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene compounds; — contrasted with meta- or para-; as, the ortho position; hence, designating any substance showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound.

Note: In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), provisionally adopted, any substance exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as, orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by meta-; as, resorcin or metaxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by para-; as, hydroquinone or paraxylene.

ORTHOCARBONIC Or`tho*car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + carbonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating a complex ether, C.(OC2H5)4, which is obtained as a liquid of a pleasant ethereal odor by means of chlorpicrin, and is believed to be a derivative of the hypothetical normal carbonic acid, C.(OH)4.

ORTHOCENTER Or`tho*cen"ter, n. Etym: [Ortho- + center.] (Geom.)

Defn: That point in which the three perpendiculars let fall from the angles of a triangle upon the opposite sides, or the sides produced, mutually intersect.

ORTHOCERAS Or*thoc"e*ras, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Paleozoic Cephalopoda, having a long, straight, conical shell. The interior is divided into numerous chambers by transverse septa.

ORTHOCERATITE Or`tho*cer"a*tite, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An orthoceras; also, any fossil shell allied to Orthoceras.

ORTHOCLASE Or"tho*clase, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Common or potash feldspar crystallizing in the monoclinic system and having two cleavages at right angles to each other. See Feldspar.

ORTHOCLASTIC Or`tho*clas"tic, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Breaking in directions at right angles to each other; — said of the monoclinic feldspars.

ORTHODIAGONAL Or`tho*di*ag"o*nal, n. Etym: [Ortho- + diagonal.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: The diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which is at right angles with the vertical axis.

ORTHODOME Or"tho*dome, n. Etym: [Ortho- + dome.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: See the Note under Dome, 4.

ORTHODOX Or"tho*dox, a. Etym: [L. orthodoxus, Gr. orthodoxe. See Ortho-, Dogma.]

1. Sound in opinion or doctrine, especially in religious doctrine; hence, holding the Christian faith; believing the doctrines taught in the Scriptures; — opposed to Ant: heretical and Ant: heterodox; as, an orthodox Christian.

2. According or congruous with the doctrines of Scripture, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, or the like; as, an orthodox opinion, book, etc.

3. Approved; conventional. He saluted me on both cheeks in the orthodox manner. H. R. Haweis.

Note: The term orthodox differs in its use among the various Christian communions. The Greek Church styles itself the "Holy Orthodox Apostolic Church," regarding all other bodies of Christians as more or less heterodox. The Roman Catholic Church regards the Protestant churches as heterodox in many points. In the United States the term orthodox is frequently used with reference to divergent views on the doctrine of the Trinity. Thus it has been common to speak of the Trinitarian Congregational churches in distinction from the Unitarian, as Orthodox. The name is also applied to the conservative, in distinction from the "liberal", or Hicksite, body in the Society of Friends. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

ORTHODOXAL Or"tho*dox`al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox. [R.] Milton.

ORTHODOXALITY Or`tho*dox*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Orthodoxness. [R.]

ORTHODOXALLY Or"tho*dox`al*ly, adv.

Defn: Orthodoxly. [R.] Milton

ORTHODOXASTICAL Or`tho*dox*as"tic*al, a.

Defn: Orthodox. [Obs.]

ORTHODOXICAL Or`tho*dox"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox.

ORTHODOXLY Or"tho*dox`ly, adv.

Defn: In an orthodox manner; with soundness of faith. Sir W. Hamilton.

ORTHODOXNESS Or"tho*dox`ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being orthodox; orthodoxy. Waterland.

ORTHODOXY Or"tho*dox`y, n. Etym: [Gr. orthodoxie. See Orthodox.]

1. Soundness of faith; a belief in the doctrines taught in the Scriptures, or in some established standard of faith; — opposed to heterodoxy or to heresy. Basil himself bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's orthodoxy. Waterland.

2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines; — said of moral doctrines and beliefs; as, the orthodoxy of a creed.

3. By extension, said of any correct doctrine or belief.

ORTHODROMIC Or`tho*drom"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to orthodromy.

ORTHODROMICS Or`tho*drom"ics, n.

Defn: The art of sailing in a direct course, or on the arc of a great circle, which is the shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the globe; great-circle sailing; orthodromy.

ORTHODROMY Or"tho*drom`y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. orthodromie.]

Defn: The act or art of sailing on a great circle.

ORTHOEPIC; ORTHOEPICAL Or`tho*ëp"ic, Or`tho*ëp"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to orthoëpy, or correct pronunciation. — Or`tho*ëp"ic*al*ly, adv.

ORTHOEPIST Or"tho*ë*pist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in orthoëpy.

ORTHOEPY Or"tho*ë*py, n. Etym: [Gr. orthoépie. See Ortho-, and Epic.]

Defn: The art of uttering words corectly; a correct pronunciation of words; also, mode of pronunciation.

ORTHOGAMY Or*thog"a*my, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Direct fertilization in plants, as when the pollen fertilizing the ovules comes from the stamens of the same blossom; — opposed to heterogamy.

ORTHOGNATHIC Or`thog*nath"ic, a.

Defn: Orthognathous.

ORTHOGNATHISM Or*thog"na*thism, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The quality or state of being orthognathous. Huxley.

ORTHOGNATHOUS Or*thog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the front of the head, or the skull, nearly perpendicular, not retreating backwards above the jaws; — opposed to Ant: prognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.

ORTHOGON Or"tho*gon, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. orthogone, a.] (Geom.)

Defn: A rectangular figure.

ORTHOGONAL Or*thog"o*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. orthogonal.]

Defn: Right-angled; rectangular; as, an orthogonal intersection of one curve with another. Orthogonal projection. See under Orthographic.

ORTHOGONALLY Or*thog"o*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: Perpendicularly; at right angles; as, a curve cuts a set of curves orthogonally.

ORTHOGRAPH Or"tho*graph, n. [Ortho- + -graph.] (Arch.)

Defn: An orthographic projection, sometimes partly in section, esp. of a building.

ORTHOGRAPHER Or*thog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One versed in orthography; one who spells words correctly.

ORTHOGRAPHIC; ORTHOGRAPHICAL Or`tho*graph"ic, Or`tho*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. orthographique, L. orthographus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to orthography, or right spelling; also, correct in spelling; as, orthographical rules; the letter was orthographic.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to right lines or angles. Orthographic or Orthogonal, projection, that projection which is made by drawing lines, from every point to be projected, perpendicular to the plane of projection. Such a projection of the sphere represents its circles as seen in perspective by an eye supposed to be placed at an infinite distance, the plane of projection passing through the center of the sphere perpendicularly to the line of sight.

ORTHOGRAPHICALLY Or`tho*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an orthographical manner: (a) according to the rules of proper spelling; (b) according to orthographic projection.

ORTHOGRAPHIST Or*thog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who spells words correctly; an orthographer.

ORTHOGRAPHIZE Or*thog"ra*phize, v. t.

Defn: To spell correctly or according to usage; to correct in regard to spelling. In the coalesced into ith, which modern reaction has orthographized to i' th'. Earle.

ORTHOGRAPHY Or*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [OE. ortographie, OF. orthographie, L. orthographia, Gr. Ortho-, and Graphic.]

1. The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious. When spelling no longer follows the pronunciation, but is hardened into orthography. Earle.

2. The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.

3. A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.

ORTHOLOGY Or*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. orthologie.]

Defn: The right description of things. [R.] Fotherby.

ORTHOMETRIC Or`tho*met"ric, a. Etym: [See Orthometry.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having the axes at right angles to one another; — said of crystals or crystalline forms.

ORTHOMETRY Or*thom"e*try, n. Etym: [Ortho- + -metry.]

Defn: The art or practice of constructing verses correctly; the laws of correct versification.

ORTHOMORPHIC Or`tho*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + morphic.] (Geom.)

Defn: Having the right form. Orthomorphic projection, a projection in which the angles in the figure to be projected are equal to the corresponding angles in the projected figure.

ORTHOPEDIC; ORTHOPEDICAL Or`tho*ped"ic, Or`tho*ped"ic*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, orthopedy; relating to the prevention or cure of deformities of children, or, in general, of the human body at any age; as, orthopedic surgery; an orthopedic hospital.

ORTHOPEDIST Or*thop"e*dist, n. (Med.)

Defn: One who prevents, cures, or remedies deformities, esp. in children.

ORTHOPEDY Or*thop"e*dy, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The art or practice of curing the deformities of children, or, by extension, any deformities of the human body.

ORTHOPHONY Or*thoph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr.

Defn: The art of correct articulation; voice training.

ORTHOPINACOID Or`tho*pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Ortho- + pinacoid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A name given to the two planes in the monoclinic system which are parallel to the vertical and orthodiagonal axes.

ORTHOPNOEA; ORTHOPNY Or`thop*noe"a, Or*thop"ny, n. Etym: [L. orthopnoea, Gr. orthopnée.] (Med.)

Defn: Specifically, a morbid condition in which respiration can be performed only in an erect posture; by extension, any difficulty of breathing.

ORTHOPODA Or*thop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ortho-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct order of reptiles which stood erect on the hind legs, and resembled birds in the structure of the feet, pelvis, and other parts.

ORTHOPRAXY Or"tho*prax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The treatment of deformities in the human body by mechanical appliances.

ORTHOPTERA Or*thop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mandibulate insects including grasshoppers, locusts, cockroaches, etc. See Illust. under Insect.

Note: The anterior wings are usually thickened and protect the posterior wings, which are larger and fold longitudinally like a fan. The Orthoptera undergo no metamorphosis.

ORTHOPTERAN Or*thop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Orthoptera.

ORTHOPTEROUS Or*thop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Orthoptera.

ORTHORHOMBIC Or`tho*rhom"bic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + rhombic.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Noting the system of crystallization which has three unequal axes at right angles to each other; trimetric. See Crystallization.

ORTHOSCOPE Or"tho*scope, n. Etym: [Ortho- + -scope.] (Physyol.)

Defn: An instrument designed to show the condition of the superficial portions of the eye.

ORTHOSCOPIC Or`tho*scop"ic, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Giving an image in correct or normal proportions; giving a flat field of view; as, an orthoscopic eyepiece.

ORTHOSILICIC Or`tho*si*lic"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + silicic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating the form of silicic acid having the normal or highest number of hydroxyl groups.

ORTHOSPERMOUS Or`tho*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the seeds straight, as in the fruits of some umbelliferous plants; — opposed to coelospermous. Darwin.

ORTHOSTADE Or"tho*stade, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anc. Costume)

Defn: A chiton, or loose, ungirded tunic, falling in straight folds.

ORTHOSTICHY Or*thos"ti*chy, n.; pl. Orthostichies. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A longitudinal rank, or row, of leaves along a stem.

ORTHOTOMIC Or`tho*tom"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: Cutting at right angles. Orthotomic circle (Geom.), that circle which cuts three given circles at right angles.

ORTHOTOMOUS Or*thot"o*mous, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having two cleavages at right angles with one another.

ORTHOTOMY Or*thot"o*my, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The property of cutting at right angles.

ORTHOTONE Or"tho*tone, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: Retaining the accent; not enclitic; — said of certain indefinite pronouns and adverbs when used interrogatively, which, when not so used, are ordinarilly enclitic.

ORTHOTROPAL; ORTHOTROPOUS Or*thot"ro*pal, Or*thot"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. orthotrope.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the axis of an ovule or seed straight from the hilum and chalaza to the orifice or the micropyle; atropous.

Note: This word has also been used (but improperly) to describe any embryo whose radicle points towards, or is next to, the hilum.

ORTHOTROPIC Or`tho*trop"ic, a. Etym: [See Orthotropal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the longer axis vertical; — said of erect stems. Encyc. Brit.

ORTHOXYLENE Or`tho*xy"lene, n. Etym: [Ortho- + xylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: That variety of xylene in which the two methyl groups are in the ortho position; a colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon resembling benzene.

ORTIVE Or"tive, a. Etym: [L. ortivus, fr. oriri, ortus, to rise: cf. F. ortive.]

Defn: Of or relating to the time or act of rising; eastern; as, the ortive amplitude of a planet.

ORTOLAN Or"to*lan, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. ortolano ortolan, gardener, fr. L. hortulanus gardener, fr. hortulus, dim. of hortus garden. So called because it frequents the hedges of gardens. See Yard an inclosure, and cf. Hortulan.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European singing bird (Emberiza hortulana), about the size of the lark, with black wings. It is esteemed delicious food when fattened. Called also bunting. (b) In England, the wheatear (Saxicola oenanthe). (c) In America, the sora, or Carolina rail (Porzana Carolina). See Sora.

ORTYGAN Or"ty*gan, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of East Indian birds of the genera Ortygis and Hemipodius. They resemble quails, but lack the hind toe. See Turnix.

ORVAL Or"val, n. Etym: [F. orvale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of sage (Salvia Horminum).

ORVET Or`vet", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blindworm.

ORVIETAN Or`vi*e"tan, n. Etym: [F. orviétan: cf. It. orvietano. So called because invented at Orvieto, in Italy.]

Defn: A kind of antidote for poisons; a counter poison formerly in vogue. [Obs.]

-ORY -o*ry. Etym: [L. -orius: cf. F. -oire.]

1. An adjective suffix meaning of or pertaining to, serving for; as in auditory, pertaining to or serving for hearing; prohibitory, amendatory, etc.

2. Etym: [L. -orium: cf. F. -oire.]

Defn: A noun suffix denoting that which pertains to, or serves for; as in ambulatory, that which serves for walking; consistory, factory, etc.

ORYAL; ORYALL O"ry*al, O"ry*all, n.

Defn: See Oriel.

ORYCTERE Or"yc*tere, n. Etym: [Gr. oryctère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aard-vark.

ORYCTEROPE O*ryc"ter*ope, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Oryctere.

ORYCTOGNOSY Or`yc*tog"no*sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Mineralogy. [Obs.] — Or`yc*tog*nos"tic, a. — Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al, a. [Obs.] — Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

ORYCTOGRAPHY Or`yc*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: Description of fossils. [Obs.]

ORYCTOLOGICAL Or`yc*to*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. oryctologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to oryctology. [Obs.]

ORYCTOLOGIST Or`yc*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in oryctology. [Obs.]

ORYCTOLOGY Or`yc*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. oryctologie.]

1. An old name for paleontology.

2. An old name for mineralogy and geology.

ORYX O"ryx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of African antelopes which includes the gemsbok, the leucoryx, the bisa antelope (O. beisa), and the beatrix antelope (O. beatrix) of Arabia.

ORYZA O*ry"za, n. Etym: [L., rice, Gr. Rice.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses including the rice plant; rice.

OS Os, n.; pl. Ossa. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A bone.

OS Os, n.; pl. Ora. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A mouth; an opening; an entrance.

OS Os, n.; pl. Osar. Etym: [Sw. ås ridge, chain of hills, pl. åsar.] (Geol.)

Defn: One of the ridges of sand or gravel found in Sweden, etc., supposed by some to be of marine origin, but probably formed by subglacial waters. The osar are similar to the kames of Scotland and the eschars of Ireland. See Eschar.

OSAGE ORANGE O"sage or"ange. (Bot.)

Defn: An ornamental tree of the genus Maclura (M. aurantiaca), closely allied to the mulberry (Morus); also, its fruit. The tree was first found in the country of the Osage Indians, and bears a hard and inedible fruit of an orangelike appearance. See Bois d'arc.

OSAGES O*sa"ges, n. pl.; sing. Osage (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of southern Sioux Indians, now living in the Indian Territory.

OSANNE O*san"ne, n.

Defn: Hosanna. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OSAR O"sar, n. pl. (Geol.)

Defn: See 3d Os.

OSCAN Os"can, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Osci, a primitive people of Campania, a province of ancient Italy. — n.

Defn: The language of the Osci.

OSCILLANCY Os"cil*lan*cy, n.

Defn: The state of oscillating; a seesaw kind of motion. [R.]

OSCILLARIA Os`cil*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. oscillare to swing.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of dark green, or purplish black, filamentous, fresh- water algæ, the threads of which have an automatic swaying or crawling motion. Called also Oscillatoria.

OSCILLATE Os"cil*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oscillated; p. pr. & vb. n. Oscillating.] Etym: [L. oscillare to swing, fr. oscillum a swing, a little mask or puppet made to be hung from trees and swing in the wind, prob. orig., a little mouth, a dim. from os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Osculate.]

1. To move backward and forward; to vibrate like a pendulum; to swing; to sway.

2. To vary or fluctuate between fixed limits; to act or move in a fickle or fluctuating manner; to change repeatedly, back and forth. The amount of superior families oscillates rather than changes, that is, it fluctuates within fixed limits. Dc Quincey.

OSCILLATING Os"cil*la`ting, a.

Defn: That oscillates; vibrating; swinging. Oscillating engine, a steam engine whose cylinder oscillates on trunnions instead of being permanently fixed in a perpendicular or other direction. Weale.

OSCILLATING CURRENT Os"cil*lat`ing current. (Elec.)

Defn: A current alternating in direction.

OSCILLATION Os`cil*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. oscillatio a swinging.]

1. The act of oscillating; a swinging or moving backward and forward, like a pendulum; vibration.

2. Fluctuation; variation; change back and forth. His mind oscillated, undoubtedly; but the extreme points of the oscillation were not very remote. Macaulay. Axis of oscillation, Center of oscillation. See under Axis, and Center.

OSCILLATIVE Os"cil*la*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to oscillate; vibratory. [R.] I. Taylor.

OSCILLATOR Os"cil*la`tor, n. One that oscillates; specif.: (a) (Elec.)

Defn: Any device for producing electric oscillations; esp., an apparatus for generating electric waves in a system of wireless telegraphy. (b) (Mech.) An instrument for measuring rigidity by the torsional oscillations of a weighted wire.

OSCILLATORIA Os`cil*la*to"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Oscillatory.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Oscillaria.

OSCILLATORY Os"cil*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. oscillatoire. See Oscillate.]

Defn: Moving, or characterized by motion, backward and forward like a pendulum; swinging; oscillating; vibratory; as, oscillatory motion.

OSCILLOGRAM Os"cil*lo*gram, n. [L. oscillare + -gram.] (Elec.)

Defn: An autographic record made by an oscillograph.

OSCILLOGRAPH Os"cil*lo*graph, n. [L. oscillare to swing + -graph.] (Elec.)

Defn: An apparatus for recording or indicating alternating-current wave forms or other electrical oscillations, usually consisting of a galvanometer with strong field, in which the mass of the moving part is very small and frequency of vibration very high. — Os`cil*lo*graph"ic (#), a.

OSCILLOMETER Os`cil*lom"e*ter, n. [L. oscillare to swing + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the angle through which a ship rolls or pitches at sea.

OSCILLOSCOPE Os*cil"lo*scope, n. [L. oscillare to swing + -scope.] (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for showing visually the changes in a varying current; an oscillograph.

OSCINE Os"cine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to the Oscines.

OSCINES Os"ci*nes, n. pl. Etym: [L. oscen, -inis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Singing birds; a group of the Passeres, having numerous syringeal muscles, conferring musical ability.

OSCINIAN Os*cin"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Oscines, or singing birds.

OSCINIAN Os*cin"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of dipterous files of the family Oscinidæ.

Note: Some, whose larvæ live in the stalks, are very destructive to barley, wheat, and rye; others, as the barley fly (Oscinis frit), destroy the heads of grain.

OSCININE Os"ci*nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Oscines.

OSCITANCY Os"ci*tan*cy, n. Etym: [See Oscitant.]

1. The act of gaping or yawning.

2. Drowsiness; dullness; sluggishness. Hallam. It might proceed from the oscitancy of transcribers. Addison.

OSCITANT Os"ci*tant, a. Etym: [L. oscitans, -antis, p. pr. of oscitare: cf. F. oscitant.]

1. Yawning; gaping.

2. Sleepy; drowsy; dull; sluggish; careless. He must not be oscitant, but intent on his charge. Barrow.

OSCITANTLY Os"ci*tant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an oscitant manner.

OSCITATE Os"ci*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. oscitare; os the mouth + citare, v. intens. fr. ciere to move.]

Defn: To gape; to yawn.

OSCITATION Os`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. oscitatio: cf. F. oscitation.]

Defn: The act of yawning or gaping. Addison.

OSCULANT Os"cu*lant, a. Etym: [L. osculans, -antis, p. pr. of osculari to kiss. See Osculate.]

1. Kissing; hence, meeting; clinging.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Adhering closely; embracing; — applied to certain creeping animals, as caterpillars.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Intermediate in character, or on the border, between two genera, groups, families, etc., of animals or plants, and partaking somewhat of the characters of each, thus forming a connecting link; interosculant; as, the genera by which two families approximate are called osculant genera.

OSCULATE Os"cu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Osculated; p. pr. & vb. n. Osculating.] Etym: [L. osculatus, p. p. of osculari to kiss, fr. osculum a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Oscillate.]

1. To kiss.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: To touch closely, so as to have a common curvature at the point of contact. See Osculation, 2.

OSCULATE Os"cu*late, v. i.

1. To kiss one another; to kiss.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: To touch closely. See Osculation, 2.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To have characters in common with two genera or families, so as to form a connecting link between them; to interosculate. See Osculant.

OSCULATION Os`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. osculatio a kissing: cf. F. osculation.]

1. The act of kissing; a kiss.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The contact of one curve with another, when the number of consecutive points of the latter through which the former passes suffices for the complete determination of the former curve. Brande & C.

OSCULATORY Os"cu*la*to*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining to kissing; kissing. "The osculatory ceremony." Thackeray.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the properties of, an osculatrix; capable of osculation; as, a circle may be osculatory with a curve, at a given point. Osculatory circle. (Geom.) See Osculating circle of a curve, under Circle. — Osculatory plane (to a curve of double curvature), a plane which passes through three successive points of the curve. — Osculatory sphere (to a line of double curvature), a sphere passing through four consecutive points of the curve.

OSCULATORY Os"cu*la*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. osculatorium. See Osculate.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Same as Pax, 2.

OSCULATRIX Os`cu*la"trix, n.; pl. Osculatrixes. Etym: [NL.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve whose contact with a given curve, at a given point, is of a higher order (or involves the equality of a greater number of successive differential coefficients of the ordinates of the curves taken at that point) than that of any other curve of the same kind.

OSCULE Os"cule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oscule. See Osculum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the excurrent apertures of sponges.

OSCULUM Os"cu*lum, n.; pl. Oscula. Etym: [L., a little mouth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Oscule.

-OSE -ose. Etym: [L. -osus: cf. F. -ose. Cf. -ous.]

1. A suffix denoting full of, containing, having the qualities of, like; as in verbose, full of words; pilose, hairy; globose, like a globe.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix indicating that the substance to the name of wich it is affixed is a member of the carbohydrate group; as in cellulose, sucrose, dextrose, etc.

OSIER O"sier, n. Etym: [F. osier: cf. Prov. F. oisis, Armor. ozil, aozil, Gr. vitex, and E. withy.] (Bot.) (a) A kind of willow (Salix viminalis) growing in wet places in Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given to any kind of willow. (b) One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other somilar plants. The rank of osiers by the murmuring stream. Shak. Osier bed, or Osier holt, a place where willows are grown for basket making. [Eng.] — Red osier. (a) A kind of willow with reddish twigs (Salix rubra). (b) An American shrub (Cornus stolonifera) which has slender red branches; — also called osier cornel.

OSIER O"sier, a.

Defn: Made of osiers; composed of, or containing, osiers. "This osier cage of ours." Shak.

OSIERED O"siered, a.

Defn: Covered or adorned with osiers; as, osiered banks. [Poetic] Collins.

OSIERY O"sier*y, n.

Defn: An osier bed.

OSIRIS O*si"ris, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: One of the principal divinities of Egypt, the brother and husband of Isis. He was figured as a mummy wearing the royal cap of Upper Egypt, and was symbolized by the sacred bull, called Apis. Cf. Serapis. — O*sir"i*an, a.

OSMANLI Os"man*li, n.; pl. Osmanlis. Etym: [So called from Osman. See Ottoman.]

Defn: A Turkish official; one of the dominant tribe of Turks; loosely, any Turk.

OSMATE Os"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of osmic acid. [Formerly written also osmiate.]

OSMATERIUM Os`ma*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Osmateria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a pair of scent organs which the larvæ of certain butterflies emit from the first body segment, either above or below.

OSMAZOME Os"ma*zome, n. Etym: [Gr. osmazôme.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A substance formerly supposed to give to soup and broth their characteristic odor, and probably consisting of one or several of the class of nitrogenous substances which are called extractives.

OSMIAMATE Os`mi*am"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of osmiamic acid.

OSMIAMIC Os`mi*am"ic, a. Etym: [Osmium + amido.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid of osmium, H2N2Os2O5, forming a well-known series of yellow salts.

OSMIC Os"mic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, osmium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a valence higher than in other lower compounds; as, osmic oxide. Osmic acid. (Chem.) (a) Osmic tetroxide. [Obs.] (b) Osmic acid proper, an acid analogous to sulphuric acid, not known in the free state, but forming a well-known and stable series of salts (osmates), which were formerly improperly called osmites. — Osmic tetroxide (Chem.), a white volatile crystalline substance, OsO4, the most stable and characteristic of the compounds of osmium. It has a burning taste, and gives off a vapor, which is a powerful irritant poison, violently attacking the eyes, and emitting a strong chlorinelike odor. Formerly improperly called osmic acid.

OSMIDROSIS Os`mi*dro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The secretion of fetid sweat.

OSMIOUS Os"mi*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Denoting those compounds of osmium in which the element has a valence relatively lower than in the osmic compounds; as, osmious chloride. [Written also osmous.] Osmious acid (Chem.), an acid derived from osmium, analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming unstable salts. It is a brown amorphous substance.

OSMITE Os"mite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of osmious acid.

OSMIUM Os"mi*um, n. Etym: [Gr. Odor.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the platinum group, found native as an alloy in platinum ore, and in iridosmine. It is a hard, infusible, bluish or grayish white metal, and the heaviest substance known. Its tetroxide is used in histological experiments to stain tissues. Symbol Os. Atomic weight 191.1. Specific gravity 22.477.

OSMOGENE Os"mo*gene, n. [Osmose + root of Gr. race.]

Defn: An apparatus, consisting of a number of cells whose sides are of parchment paper, for conducting the process of osmosis. It is used esp. in sugar refining to remove potassium salts from the molasses.

OSMOGRAPH Os"mo*graph, n. [Osmose + -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for recording the height of the liquid in an endosmometer or for registering osmotic pressures.

OSMOMETER Os*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of osmotic action in different liquids.

OSMOMETRY Os*mom"e*try, n. (Physics)

Defn: The study of osmose by means of the osmometer.

OSMOSE Os"mose, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chemical Physics) (a) The tendency in fluids to mix, or become equably diffused, when in contact. It was first observed between fluids of differing densities, and as taking place through a membrane or an intervening porous structure. The more rapid flow from the thinner to the thicker fluid was then called endosmose, and the opposite, slower current, exosmose. Both are, however, results of the same force. Osmose may be regarded as a form of molecular attraction, allied to that of adhesion. (b) The action produced by this tendency. Electric osmose, or Electric endosmose (Elec.), the transportation of a liquid through a porous septum by the action of an electric current.

OSMOSIS Os*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Osmose.

OSMOTIC Os*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the property of, osmose; as, osmotic force.

OSMUND Os"mund, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fern of the genus Osmunda, or flowering fern. The most remarkable species is the osmund royal, or royal fern (Osmunda regalis), which grows in wet or boggy places, and has large bipinnate fronds, often with a panicle of capsules at the top. The rootstock contains much starch, and has been used in stiffening linen.

OSNABURG Os"na*burg, n.

Defn: A species of coarse linen, originally made in Osnaburg, Germany.

OSO-BERRY O"so-ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The small, blueblack, drupelike fruit of the Nuttallia cerasiformis, a shrub of Oregon and California, belonging to the Cherry tribe of Rosaceæ.

OSPHRADIUM Os*phra"di*um, n.; pl. Osphradia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The olfactory organ of some Mollusca. It is connected with the organ of respiration.

OSPREY; OSPRAY Os"prey, Os"pray, n. Etym: [Through OF. fr. L. ossifraga (orig., the bone breaker); prob. influenced by oripelargus (mountain stork, a kind of eagle, Gr. orpres, and F. orfraie. See Ossifrage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fishhawk.

OSS Oss, v. i. Etym: [See Osse, n.]

Defn: To prophesy; to presage. [R. & Obs.] R. Edgeworth.

OSSE Osse, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prophetic or ominous utterance. [R. & Obs.] Holland.

OSSEAN Os"se*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish having a bony skeleton; a teleost.

OSSEIN Os"se*in, n. Etym: [L. os bone.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The organic basis of bone tissue; the residue after removal of the mineral matters from bone by dilute acid; in embryonic tissue, the substance in which the mineral salts are deposited to form bone; — called also ostein. Chemically it is the same as collagen.

OSSELET Os"se*let, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A little bone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The internal bone, or shell, of a cuttlefish.

OSSEOUS Os"se*ous, a. Etym: [L. osseus, from os, ossis bone; akin to Gr. asthi. Cf. Oyster.]

Defn: Composed of bone; resembling bone; capable of forming bone; bony; ossific.

OSSETER Os"se*ter, n. Etym: [Russ, osetr' sturgeon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of sturgeon.

OSSIANIC Os`si*an"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, Ossian, a legendary Erse or Celtic bard. The compositions might be fairly classed as Ossianic. G. Eliot.

OSSICLE Os"si*cle, n. Etym: [L. ossiculum, dim. of os, ossis, a bone.]

1. A little bone; as, the auditory ossicles in the tympanum of the ear.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous small calcareous structures forming the skeleton of certain echinoderms, as the starfishes.

OSSICULATED Os*sic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having small bones.

OSSICULUM Os*sic"u*lum, n.; pl. Ossicula. Etym: [L., a little bone.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ossicle.

OSSIFEROUS Os*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. os, ossis, a bone + -ferous: cf. F. ossifère.]

Defn: Containing or yielding bone.

OSSIFIC Os*sif"ic, a. Etym: [L. os, ossis, bone + facere to make: cf. F. ossifique. See Fact.]

Defn: Capable of producing bone; having the power to change cartilage or other tissue into bone.

OSSIFICATION Os`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ossification. See Ossify.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation of bone; the process, in the growth of an animal, by which inorganic material (mainly lime salts) is deposited in cartilage or membrane, forming bony tissue; ostosis.

Note: Besides the natural ossification of growing tissue, there is the so-called accidental ossification which sometimes follows certain abnormal conditions, as in the ossification of an artery.

2. The state of being changed into a bony substance; also, a mass or point of ossified tissue.

OSSIFIED Os"si*fied, a.

Defn: Changed to bone or something resembling bone; hardened by deposits of mineral matter of any kind; — said of tissues.

OSSIFRAGE Os"si*frage, n. Etym: [L. ossifraga, ossifragus, osprey, fr. ossifragus bone breaking; os, ossis, a bone + frangere, fractum, to break. See Osseous, Break, and cf. Osprey, Ossifragous.] (Zoöl.) (a) The lammergeir. (b) The young of the sea eagle or bald eagle. [Obs.]

OSSIFRAGOUS Os*sif"ra*gous, a. Etym: [L. ossifragus. See Ossifrage.]

Defn: Serving to break bones; bone-breaking.

OSSIFY Os"si*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ossified; p. pr. & vb. n. Ossifying.] Etym: [L. os, ossis, bone + -fy: cf. F. ossifier. See Osseous.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: To form into bone; to change from a soft animal substance into bone, as by the deposition of lime salts.

2. Fig.: To harden; as, to ossify the heart. Ruskin.

OSSIFY Os"si*fy, v. i. (Physiol.)

Defn: To become bone; to change from a soft tissue to a hard bony tissue.

OSSIFYING Os"si*fy`ing, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Changing into bone; becoming bone; as, the ossifying process.

OSSIVOROUS Os*siv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. os, ossis, bone + vorare to devour: cf. F. ossivore.]

Defn: Feeding on bones; eating bones; as, ossivorous quadrupeds. Derham.

OSSPRINGER Os"spring*er, n.

Defn: The osprey. [R.]

OSSUARIUM Os`su*a"ri*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A charnel house; an ossuary. Walpole.

OSSUARY Os"su*a*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [L. ossuarium, fr. ossuarius of or bones, fr. os, ossis, bone: cf. F. ossuaire.]

Defn: A place where the bones of the dead are deposited; a charnel house. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

OST Ost, n.

Defn: See Oast.

OSTEAL Os"te*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Osseous.

OSTEIN Os"te*in, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Ossein.

OSTEITIS Os`te*i"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Osteo-, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of bone.

OSTELER Os"tel*er, n.

Defn: Same as Hosteler. Wyclif.

OSTEND Os*tend", v. t. Etym: [L. ostendere to show.]

Defn: To exhibit; to manifest. [Obs.] Mercy to mean offenders we'll ostend. J. Webster.

OSTENSIBILITY Os*ten`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ostensible.

OSTENSIBLE Os*ten"si*ble, a. Etym: [From L. ostensus, p. p. of ostendere to show, prop., to stretch out before; fr. prefix obs- (old form of ob-) + tendere to stretch. See Tend.]

1. Capable of being shown; proper or intended to be shown. [R.] Walpole.

2. Shown; exhibited; declared; avowed; professed; apparent; — often used as opposed to real or actual; as, an ostensible reason, motive, or aim. D. Ramsay.

OSTENSIBLY Os*ten"si*bly, adv.

Defn: In an ostensible manner; avowedly; professedly; apparently. Walsh. Ostensibly, we were intended to prevent filibustering into Texas, but really as a menace to Mexico. U. S. Grant.

OSTENSION Os*ten"sion, n. Etym: [L. ostensio a showing: cf. F. ostension. See Ostend.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The showing of the sacrament on the altar in order that it may receive the adoration of the communicants.

OSTENSIVE Os*ten"sive, a.

Defn: Showing; exhibiting. Ostensive demonstration (Math.), a direct or positive demonstration, as opposed to the apagogical or indirect method.

OSTENSIVELY Os*ten"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ostensive manner.

OSTENSORIUM; OSTENSORY Os`ten*so"ri*um, Os*ten"so*ry, n.; pl. L. -soria, E. -sories. Etym: [NL. ostensorium: cf. F. ostensoir. See Ostensible.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Same as Monstrance.

OSTENT Os"tent, n. Etym: [L. ostentus, ostentum, fr. ostendere (p. p. ostensus and ostentus) to show. See Ostensible.]

1. Appearance; air; mien. Shak.

2. Manifestation; token; portent. Dryden. We asked of God that some ostent might clear Our cloudy business, who gave us sign. Chapman.

OSTENTATE Os"ten*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. ostentatus, p. p. of ostentare, v. intens. fr. ostendere. See Ostent.]

Defn: To make an ambitious display of; to show or exhibit boastingly. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

OSTENTATION Os`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ostentatio: cf. F. ostentation.]

1. The act of ostentating or of making an ambitious display; unnecessary show; pretentious parade; — usually in a detractive sense. "Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm." Milton. He knew that good and bountiful minds were sometimes inclined to ostentation. Atterbury.

2. A show or spectacle. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. — Parade; pageantry; show; pomp; pompousness; vaunting; boasting. See Parade.

OSTENTATIOUS Os`ten*ta"tious, a.

Defn: Fond of, or evincing, ostentation; unduly conspicuous; pretentious; boastful. Far from being ostentatious of the good you do. Dryden. The ostentatious professions of many years. Macaulay. — Os`ten*ta"tious*ly, adv. — Os`ten*ta"tious*ness, n.

OSTENTATOR Os"ten*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One fond of display; a boaster. Sherwood.

OSTENTIVE Os*ten"tive, a.

Defn: Ostentatious. [Obs.]

OSTENTOUS Os*ten"tous, a.

Defn: Ostentatious. [Obs.] Feltham.

OSTEO- Os"te*o-.

Defn: A combining form of Gr. a bone.

OSTEOBLAST Os"te*o*blast, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -blast.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the protoplasmic cells which occur in the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum, and from or around which the matrix of the bone is developed; an osteoplast.

OSTEOCLASIS Os`te*o*cla"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Osteoclast.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of breaking a bone in order to correct deformity.

OSTEOCLAST Os"te*o*clast, n. Etym: [Osteo- + Gr.

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: A myeloplax.

Note: The osteoclasts occur usually in pits or cavities which they appear to have excavated, and are supposed to be concerned in the absorption of the bone matrix.

2. An instrument for performing osteoclasis.

OSTEOCOLLA Os`te*o*col"la, n. Etym: [Osteo- + Gr.

1. A kind of glue obtained from bones. Ure.

2. A cellular calc tufa, which in some places forms incrustations on the stems of plants, — formerly supposed to have the quality of uniting fractured bones.

OSTEOCOMMA Os`te*o*com"ma, n.; pl. L. Osteocommata, E. Osteocommas. Etym: [NL. See Osteo-, and Comma.] (Anat.)

Defn: A metamere of the vertebrate skeleton; an osteomere; a vertebra. Owen.

OSTEOCOPE Os"te*o*cope, n. Etym: [Gr. ostéocope.] (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone. — Os`te*o*cop"ic, a.

OSTEOCRANIUM Os`te*o*cra"ni*um, n. Etym: [Osteo- + cranium.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bony cranium, as distinguished from the cartilaginous cranium.

OSTEODENTINE Os`te*o*den"tine, n. Etym: [Osteo- + denite.] (Anat.)

Defn: A hard substance, somewhat like bone, which is sometimes deposited within the pulp cavity of teeth.

OSTEOGEN Os"te*o*gen, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The soft tissue, or substance, which, in developing bone, ultimately undergoes ossification.

OSTEOGENESIS; OSTEOGENY Os`te*o*gen"e*sis, Os`te*og"e*ny, n. Etym: [Osteo- + genesis, or the root of Gr. ostéogénie.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation or growth of bone.

OSTEOGENETIC Os`te*o*ge*net"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with osteogenesis, or the formation of bone; producing bone; as, osteogenetic tissue; the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum.

OSTEOGENIC Os`te*o*gen"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Osteogenetic.

OSTEOGRAPHER Os`te*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: An osteologist.

OSTEOGRAPHY Os`te*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -graphy.]

Defn: The description of bones; osteology.

OSTEOID Os"te*oid, a. Etym: [Osteo- + -oid: cf. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling bone; bonelike.

OSTEOLITE Os"te*o*lite, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive impure apatite, or calcium phosphate.

OSTEOLOGER Os`te*ol"o*ger, n.

Defn: One versed in osteology; an osteologist.

OSTEOLOGIC; OSTEOLOGICAL Os`te*o*log"ic, Os`te*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ostéologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to osteology. — Os`te*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

OSTEOLOGIST Os`te*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in osteology; an osteologer.

OSTEOLOGY Os`te*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -logy: cf. F. ostéologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the bones of the vertebrate skeleton.

OSTEOLYSIS Os`te*ol"y*sis, n. [NL. osteo-+ Gr. a loosing.]

Defn: Softening and absorption of bone. — Os`te*o*lyt"ic (#), a.

OSTEOMA Os`te*o"ma, n.; pl. Osteomata. Etym: [NL. See Osteo-, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor composed mainly of bone; a tumor of a bone.

OSTEOMALACIA Os`te*o*ma*la"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the bones, in which they lose their earthy material, and become soft, flexible, and distorted. Also called malacia.

OSTEOMANTY Os"te*o*man`ty, n. Etym: [Osteo- Gr.

Defn: Divination by means of bones. [R.]

OSTEOMERE Os"te*o*mere, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -mere.] (Anat.)

Defn: An osteocomma. Owen.

OSTEOPATH Os"te*o*path, n.

Defn: A practitioner of osteopathy.

OSTEOPATHIC Os`te*o*path"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to osteopathy. —Os`te*o*path"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

OSTEOPATHIST Os`te*op"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who practices osteopathy; an osteopath.

OSTEOPATHY Os`te*op"a*thy, n. [Osteo- + Gr. suffering.] (Med.) (a) Any disease of the bones. [R.] (b) A system of treatment based on the theory that diseases are chiefly due to deranged mechanism of the bones, nerves, blood vessels, and other tissues, and can be remedied by manipulations of these parts.

OSTEOPERIOSTITIS Os`te*o*per`i*os*ti"tis, n. [NL.; osteo- + periosteum + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a bone and its periosteum.

OSTEOPHONE Os"te*o*phone, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument for transmission of auditory vibrations through the bones of the head, so as to be appreciated as sounds by persons deaf from causes other than those affecting the nervous apparatus of hearing.

OSTEOPLAST Os"te*o*plast, n. Etym: [Osteo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An osteoblast.

OSTEOPLASTIC Os`te*o*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Osteo- + -plastic.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing bone; as, osteoplastic cells.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the replacement of bone; as, an osteoplastic operation.

OSTEOPLASTY Os"te*o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Osteo- + -plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: An operation or process by which the total or partial loss of a bone is remedied. Dunglison.

OSTEOPOROSIS Os`te*o*po*ro"sis, n. [NL.; osteo- + Gr. pore.] (Med. & Physiol.)

Defn: An absorption of bone so that the tissue becomes unusually porous.

OSTEOPTERYGIOUS Os`te*op`ter*yg"i*ous, a. Etym: [Osteo- Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having bones in the fins, as certain fishes.

OSTEOSARCOMA Os`te*o*sar*co"ma, n.; pl. Osteosarcomata. Etym: [NL. See Osteo-, and sarcoma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor having the structure of a sacroma in which there is a deposit of bone; sarcoma connected with bone.

OSTEOSCLEROSIS Os`te*o*scle*ro"sis, n. [NL.; osteo- + sclerosis.]

Defn: Abnormal hardness and density of bone.

OSTEOTOME Os"te*o*tome, n. Etym: [Osteo- + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Strong nippers or a chisel for dividing bone.

OSTEOTOMIST Os`te*ot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One skilled in osteotomy.

OSTEOTOMY Os`te*ot"o*my, n.

1. The dissection or anatomy of bones; osteology.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of dividing a bone or of cutting a piece out of it, — done to remedy deformity, etc.

OSTEOZOA Os`te*o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Vertebrata.

OSTIARY Os"ti*a*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [L. ostium door, entrance. See Usher.]

1. The mouth of a river; an estuary. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. One who keeps the door, especially the door of a church; a porter. N. Bacon.

OSTIC Os"tic, a. Etym: [From North American Indian oshtegwon a head.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or applied to, the language of the Tuscaroras, Iroquois, Wyandots, Winnebagoes, and a part of the Sioux Indians. Schoolcraft.

OSTIOLE Os"ti*ole, n. Etym: [L. ostiolum a little door, dim. of ostium a door: cf. F. ostiole.] (Bot.) (a) The exterior opening of a stomate. See Stomate. (b) Any small orifice.

OSTITIS Os*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: See Osteitis.

OSTIUM Os"ti*um, n.; pl. Ostia. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: An opening; a passage.

OSTLER Ost"ler, n.

Defn: See Hostler.

OSTLERESS Ost"ler*ess, n.

Defn: A female ostler. [R.] Tennyson.

OSTLERY Ost"ler*y, n.

Defn: See Hostelry. [Obs.]

OSTMEN Ost"men, n. pl.; sing. Ostman. Etym: [See East, and Man.]

Defn: East men; Danish settlers in Ireland, formerly so called. Lyttelton.

OSTOSIS Os*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Bone formation; ossification. See Ectostosis, and Endostosis.

OSTRACEA Os*tra"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of bivalve mollusks including the oysters and allied shells.

OSTRACEAN Os*tra"cean, n. Etym: [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a family of bivalves, of which the oyster is the type.

OSTRACION Os*tra"ci*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of plectognath fishes having the body covered with solid, immovable, bony plates. It includes the trunkfishes.

OSTRACIONT Os*tra"ci*ont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Ostracion and allied genera.

OSTRACISM Os"tra*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. Ostracize.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Banishment by popular vote, — a means adopted at Athens to rid the city of a person whose talent and influence gave umbrage.

2. Banishment; exclusion; as, social ostracism. Public envy is as an ostracism, that eclipseth men when they grow too great. Bacon. Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from the . . . confidence, and honors, and emoluments of his country. A. Hamilton.

OSTRACITE Os"tra*cite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil oyster.

OSTRACIZE Os"tra*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ostracized; p. pr. & vb. n. Ostracizing.] Etym: [Gr. Osseous, Oyster.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: To exile by ostracism; to banish by a popular vote, as at Athens. Grote.

2. To banish from society; to put under the ban; to cast out from social, political, or private favor; as, he was ostracized by his former friends. Marvell.

OSTRACODA Os*trac"o*da, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ostracoidea.

OSTRACODERMI Os`tra*coder"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of fishes of which Ostracion is the type.

OSTRACOID Os"tra*coid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ostracoidea. — n.

Defn: One of the Ostracoidea.

OSTRACOIDEA Os`tra*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Entomostraca possessing hard bivalve shells. They are of small size, and swim freely about. [Written also Ostracoda.]

OSTREA Os"tre*a, n. Etym: [L., an oyster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve Mollusca which includes the true oysters.

OSTREACEOUS Os`tre*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an oyster, or to a shell; shelly. The crustaceous or ostreaceous body. Cudworth.

OSTREACULTURE Os"tre*a*cul`ture, n.

Defn: The artificial cultivation of oysters.

OSTREOPHAGIST Os`tre*oph"a*gist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who feeds on oysters.

OSTRICH Os"trich, n. Etym: [OE. ostriche, ostrice, OF. ostruche, ostruce, F. autruche, L. avis struthio; avis bird + struthio ostrich, fr. Gr. Aviary, Struthious.] [Formerly written also estrich.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bird of the genus Struthio, of which Struthio camelus of Africa is the best known species. It has long and very strong legs, adapted for rapid running; only two toes; a long neck, nearly bare of feathers; and short wings incapable of flight. The adult male is about eight feet high.

Note: The South African ostrich (Struthio australis) and the Asiatic ostrich are considered distinct species by some authors. Ostriches are now domesticated in South Africa in large numbers for the sake of their plumes. The body of the male is covered with elegant black plumose feathers, while the wings and tail furnish the most valuable white plumes. Ostrich farm, a farm on which ostriches are bred for the sake of their feathers, oil, eggs, etc. — Ostrich farming, the occupation of breeding ostriches for the sake of their feathers, etc. — Ostrich fern (Bot.) a kind of fern (Onoclea Struthiopteris), the tall fronds of which grow in a circle from the rootstock. It is found in alluvial soil in Europe and North America.

OSTRIFEROUS Os*trif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ostrifer; ostrea oyster + ferre.]

Defn: Producing oysters; containing oysters.

OSTROGOTH Os"tro*goth, n. Etym: [L. Ostrogothi, pl. See East, and Goth.]

Defn: One of the Eastern Goths. See Goth.

OSTROGOTHIC Os`tro*goth"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ostrogoths.

OSWEGO TEA Os*we"go tea". (Bot.)

Defn: An American aromatic herb (Monarda didyma), with showy, bright red, labiate flowers.

OTACOUSTIC Ot`a*cous"tic, a. Etym: [Oto- + acoustic: cf. F. otacoustique.]

Defn: Assisting the sense of hearing; as, an otacoustic instrument.

OTACOUSTIC; OTACOUSTICON Ot`a*cous"tic, Ot`a*cous"ti*con, n.

Defn: An instrument to facilitate hearing, as an ear trumpet.

OTAHEITE APPLE O`ta*hei"te ap"ple. Etym: [So named from Otaheite, or Tahiti, one of the Society Islands.] (Bot.) (a) The fruit of a Polynesian anacardiaceous tree (Spondias dulcis), also called vi-apple. It is rather larger than an apple, and the rind has a flavor of turpentine, but the flesh is said to taste like pineapples. (b) A West Indian name for a myrtaceous tree (Jambosa Malaccensis) which bears crimson berries.

OTALGIA O*tal"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. otalgie.] (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the ear; earache.

OTALGIC O*tal"gic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to otalgia. — n.

Defn: A remedy for otalgia.

OTALGY O*tal"gy, n.

Defn: Pain in the ear; otalgia.

OTARY O"ta*ry, n.; pl. Otaries. Etym: [Gr. otarie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any eared seal.

OTHEOSCOPE O"the*o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for exhibiting the repulsive action produced by light or heat in an exhausted vessel; a modification of the radoimeter. W. Crookes.

OTHER Oth"er conj. Etym: [See Or.]

Defn: Either; — used with other or or for its correlative (as either . . . or are now used). [Obs.] Other of chalk, other of glass. Chaucer.

OTHER Oth"er, pron. & a. Etym: [AS. ; akin to OS. a, , D. & G. ander, OHG. andar, Icel. annarr, Sw. annan, Dan. anden, Goth. an, Skr. antara: cf. L. alter; all orig. comparatives: cf. Skr. anya other. sq. root180. Cf. Alter.] [Formerly other was used both as singular and plural.]

1. Different from that which, or the one who, has been specified; not the same; not identical; additional; second of two. Each of them made other for to win. Chaucer. Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. 39.

2. Not this, but the contrary; opposite; as, the other side of a river.

3. Alternate; second; — used esp. in connection with every; as, every other day, that is, each alternate day, every second day.

4. Left, as opposed to right. [Obs.] A distaff in her other hand she had. Spenser.

Note: Other is a correlative adjective, or adjective pronoun, often in contrast with one, some, that, this, etc. The one shall be taken, and the other left. Matt. xxiv. 4 And some fell among thorns . . . but other fell into good ground. Matt. xiii. 7, 8.

It is also used, by ellipsis, with a noun, expressed or understood. To write this, or to design the other. Dryden. It is written with the indefinite article as one word, another; is used with each, indicating a reciprocal action or relation; and is employed absolutely, or eliptically for other thing, or other person, in which case it may have a plural. The fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. Ps. xlix. 10. If he is trimming, others are true. Thackeray. Other is sometimes followed by but, beside, or besides; but oftener by than. No other but such a one as he. Coleridge. Other lords beside thee have had dominion over us. Is. xxvi. 13. For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid. 1 Cor. iii. 11. The whole seven years of . . . ignominy had been little other than a preparation for this very hour. Hawthorne. Other some, some others. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] — The other day, at a certain time past, not distant, but indefinite; not long ago; recently; rarely, the third day past. Bind my hair up: as't was yesterday No, nor t' other day. B. Jonson.

OTHER Oth"er, adv.

Defn: Otherwise. "It shall none other be." Chaucer. "If you think other." Shak.

OTHERGATES Oth"er*gates`, adv. Etym: [Other + gate way. See wards.]

Defn: In another manner. [Obs.] He would have tickled you othergates. Shak.

OTHERGUISE; OTHERGUESS Oth"er*guise`, Oth"er*guess`, a. & adv. Etym: [A corruption of othergates.]

Defn: Of another kind or sort; in another way. "Otherguess arguments." Berkeley.

OTHERNESS Oth"er*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being other or different; alterity; oppositeness.

OTHERWAYS Oth"er*ways`, adv.

Defn: See Otherwise. Tyndale.

OTHERWHERE Oth"er*where`, adv.

Defn: In or to some other place, or places; elsewhere. Milton. Tennyson.

OTHERWHILE; OTHERWHILES Oth"er*while`, Oth"er*whiles`, adv.

Defn: At another time, or other times; sometimes; [Archaic] Weighing otherwhiles ten pounds and more. Holland.

OTHERWISE Oth"er*wise`, adv. Etym: [Other + wise manner.]

1. In a different manner; in another way, or in other ways; differently; contrarily. Chaucer. Thy father was a worthy prince, And merited, alas! a better fate; But Heaven thought otherwise. Addison.

2. In other respects. It is said, truly, that the best men otherwise are not always the best in regard of society. Hooker.

3. In different circumstances; under other conditions; as, I am engaged, otherwise I would accept.

Note: Otherwise, like so and thus, may be used as a substitute for the opposite of a previous adjective, noun, etc. Let no man think me a fool; if otherwise, yet as a fool receive me. 2 Cor. xi. 16. Her eyebrows . . . rather full than otherwise. Fielding.

OTHMAN Oth"man, n. & a.

Defn: See Ottoman.

OTIC O"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. otique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the ear; auricular; auditory.

OTIOSE O"ti*ose`, a. Etym: [L. otiosus, fr. otium ease.]

Defn: Being at leisure or ease; unemployed; indolent; idle. "Otiose assent." Paley. The true keeping of the Sabbath was not that otiose and unAlford.

OTIOSITY O`ti*os"ity, n. Etym: [L. otiositas.]

Defn: Leisure; indolence; idleness; ease. [R.] Thackeray.

OTIS O"tis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of bustard, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the bustards.

OTITIS O*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the ear.

OTO- O"to-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to, or situation near or in, the ear.

OTOBA FAT O*to"ba fat`. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless buttery substance obtained from the fruit of Myristica otoba, a species of nutmeg tree.

OTOCONITE O*toc"o*nite, n. Etym: [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.) (a) A mass of otoliths. (b) An otolith.

OTOCRANE O"to*crane, n. Etym: [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The cavity in the skull in which the parts of the internal ear are lodged.

OTOCRANIAL O`to*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the otocrane.

OTOCYST O"to*cyst, n. Etym: [Oto- + cyst.] (Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: An auditory cyst or vesicle; one of the simple auditory organs of many invertebrates, containing a fluid and otoliths; also, the embryonic vesicle from which the parts of the internal ear of vertebrates are developed.

OTOGRAPHY O*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Oto- + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the ear.

OTOLITH; OTOLITE O"to*lith, O"to*lite, n. Etym: [Oto- + -lith, -lite.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the small bones or particles of calcareous or other hard substance in the internal ear of vertebrates, and in the auditory organs of many invertebrates; an ear stone. Collectively, the otoliths are called ear sand and otoconite.

OTOLITHIC; OTOLITIC O`to*lith"ic, O`to*lit"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to otoliths.

OTOLOGICAL O`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining tootology.

OTOLOGIST O*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in otology; an aurist.

OTOLOGY O*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Oto- + -logy.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the ear and its diseases.

OTOPATHY O*top"a*thy, n. Etym: [Oto- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition of the ear.

OTORRHEA; OTORRHOEA O`tor*rhe"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A flow or running from the ear, esp. a purulent discharge.

OTOSCOPE O"to*scope, n. Etym: [Oto- + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.

OTOSCOPEIC O`to*scope"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the otoscope or to otoscopy.

OTOSCOPY O*tos"co*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: The examination of the ear; the art of using the otoscope.

OTOSTEAL O*tos"te*al, n. Etym: [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An auditory ossicle. R. Owen.

OTOZOUM O`to*zo"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of huge vertebrates, probably dinosaurs, known only from four-toed tracks in Triassic sandstones.

OTTAR Ot"tar, n.

Defn: See Attar.

OTTAVA RIMA Ot*ta"va ri"ma. [It. See Octave, and Rhyme.] (Pros.)

Defn: A stanza of eight lines of heroic verse, with three rhymes, the first six lines rhyming alternately and the last two forming a couplet. It was used by Byron in "Don Juan," by Keats in "Isabella," by Shelley in "The Witch of Atlas," etc.

OTTAWAS Ot"ta*was, n. pl.; sing. Ottawa (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who, when first known, lived on the Ottawa River. Most of them subsequently migrated to the southwestern shore of Lake Superior.

OTTER Ot"ter, n. Etym: [OE. oter, AS. Otor; akin to D. & G. otter, Icel. otr, Dan. odder, Sw. utter, Lith. udra, Russ, vuidra, Gr. udra otter, and also to E. water. Water, and cf. Hydra.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carnivorous animal of the genus Lutra, and related genera. Several species are described. They have large, flattish heads, short ears, and webbed toes. They are aquatic, and feed on fish. Their fur is soft and valuable. The common otter of Europe is Lutra vulgaris; the American otter is L. Canadensis; other species inhabit South America and Asia.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the ghost moth. It is very injurious to hop vines. Otter hound, Otter dog (Zoöl.), a small breed of hounds, used in England for hunting otters. — Otter sheep. See Ancon sheep, under Ancon. — Otter shell (Zoöl.), very large bivalve mollusk (Schizothærus Nuttallii) found on the northwest coast of America. It is excellent food, and is extensively used by the Indians. — Sea otter. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.

OTTER Ot"ter, n.

Defn: A corruption of Annotto.

OTTO Ot"to, n.

Defn: See Attar.

OTTO CYCLE Ot"to cy`cle. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: A four-stroke cycle for internal-combustion engines consisting of the following operations: First stroke, suction into cylinder of explosive charge, as of gas and air; second stroke, compression, ignition, and explosion of this charge; third stroke (the working stroke), expansion of the gases; fourth stroke, expulsion of the products of combustion from the cylinder. This is the cycle invented by Beau de Rochas in 1862 and applied by Dr. Otto in 1877 in the Otto-Crossley gas engine, the first commercially successful internal- combustion engine made.

OTTO ENGINE Otto engine.

Defn: An engine using the Otto cycle.

OTTOMAN Ot"to*man, a. Etym: [F. ottoman: cf. It. ottomano, ottomanno; — from Othoman, Othman, or Osman, the name of a sultan who assumed the government of Turkey about the year 1300. Cf. Osmanli, Ottoman a stuffed seat.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Turks; as, the Ottoman power or empire.

OTTOMAN Ot"to*man, n.; pl. Ottomans (.

1. A Turk.

2. Etym: [F. ottomane, from ottoman Turkish.]

Defn: A stuffed seat without a back, originally used in Turkey.

OTTOMITE Ot"to*mite, n.

Defn: An Ottoman. [R.] Shak.

OTTRELITE Ot"trel*ite, n. Etym: [From Ottrez, on the borders of Luxembourg.] (Min.)

Defn: A micaceous mineral occurring in small scales. It is characteristic of certain crystalline schists.

OUAKARI Oua*ka"ri, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any South American monkey of the genus Brachyurus, especially B. ouakari.

OUANANICHE Oua`na`niche", n. [Canadian F., of Amer. Indian origin.]

Defn: A small landlocked variety of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ounaniche) of Lake St. John, Canada, and neighboring waters, noted for its vigor and activity, and habit of leaping from the water when hooked.

OUANDEROO Ouan`der*oo", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wanderoo.

OUARINE Oua`rine", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Brazilian monkey of the genus Mycetes.

OUBLIETTE Ou`bli`ette", n. Etym: [F., fr. oublier to forget, fr. (assumed) LL. oblitare, L. oblivisci, p. p. oblitus.]

Defn: A dungeon with an opening only at the top, found in some old castles and other strongholds, into which persons condemned to perpetual imprisonment, or to perish secretly, were thrust, or lured to fall. Sudden in the sun An oubliette winks. Where is he Gone. Mrs. Browning.

OUCH Ouch, n. Etym: [OE. ouch, nouche (a nouch being taken for an ouch: cf. Adder), fr. OF. nusche, nosche, nousche, buckle, clasp, LL. nusca, fr. OHG. nusca, nuscha.]

Defn: A socket or bezel holding a precious stone; hence, a jewel or ornament worn on the person. A precious stone in a rich ouche. Sir T. Elyot. Your brooches, pearls, and ouches. Shak.

OUGHNE Ough"ne, a.

Defn: Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OUGHT Ought, n. & adv.

Defn: See Aught.

OUGHT Ought, imp., p. p., or auxiliary. Etym: [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]

1. Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Obs.] This due obedience which they ought to the king. Tyndale. The love and duty I long have ought you. Spelman. [He] said . . . you ought him a thousand pound. Shak.

2. Owned; possessed. [Obs.] The knight the which that castle ought. Spenser.

3. To be bound in duty or by moral obligation. We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak. Rom. xv. 1.

4. To be necessary, fit, becoming, or expedient; to behoove; — in this sense formerly sometimes used impersonally or without a subject expressed. "Well ought us work." Chaucer. To speak of this as it ought, would ask a volume. Milton. Ought not Christ to have suffered these things Luke xxiv. 26.

Note: Ought is now chiefly employed as an auxiliary verb, expressing fitness, expediency, propriety, moral obligation, or the like, in the action or state indicated by the principal verb.

Syn. — Ought, Should. Both words imply obligation, but ought is the stronger. Should may imply merely an obligation of propriety, expendiency, etc.; ought denotes an obligation of duty.

OUGHTNESS Ought"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being as a thing ought to be; rightness. [R.] N. W. Taylor.

OUGHWHERE Ough"where`, adv. Etym: [AS. ahwær.]

Defn: Anywhere; somewhere. See Owher. [Obs.]

OUISTITI Ouis"ti*ti, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wistit.

OUL Oul, n.

Defn: An awl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OUL Oul, n.

Defn: An owl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OULACHAN Ou"la*chan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Eulachon.

OUNCE Ounce, n. Etym: [F. once, fr. L. uncia a twelfth, the twelfth part of a pound or of a foot: cf. Gr. Inch, Oke.]

1. A weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and containing 437

2. (Troy Weight)

Defn: The twelfth part of a troy pound.

Note: The troy ounce contains twenty pennyweights, each of twenty- four grains, or, in all, 480 grains, and is the twelfth part of the troy pound. The troy ounce is also a weight in apothecaries' weight. [Troy ounce is sometimes written as one word, troyounce.]

3. Fig.: A small portion; a bit. [Obs.] By ounces hung his locks that he had. Chaucer. Fluid ounce. See under Fluid, n.

OUNCE Ounce, n. Etym: [F. once; cf. It. lonza, Sp. onza; prob. for lonce, taken as l'once, fr. L. lynx, Gr. lyncea, from lynx. Cf. Lynx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A feline quadruped (Felis irbis, or uncia) resembling the leopard in size, and somewhat in color, but it has longer and thicker fur, which forms a short mane on the back. The ounce is pale yellowish gray, with irregular dark spots on the neck and limbs, and dark rings on the body. It inhabits the lofty mountain ranges of Asia. Called also once.

OUNDED; OUNDY Ound"ed, Oun"dy, a. Etym: [F. ondé, -ée, fr. onde, L. unda, a wave.]

Defn: Wavy; waving [Obs.] "Owndie hair." Chaucer.

OUNDING Ound"ing, vb. n.

Defn: Waving. [Obs.] Ounding, paling, winding, or bending . . . of cloth. Chaucer.

OUPHE Ouphe, n. Etym: [See Auf.]

Defn: A fairy; a goblin; an elf. [Obs.] "Like urchins, ouphes, and fairies." Shak.

OUPHEN Ouph"en, a.

Defn: Elfish. [Obs.]

OUR Our, possessive pron. Etym: [AS. our, of us; akin to us, to us, and to G. unser our, of us, Goth. unsara. sq. root186 See Us.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to us; belonging to us; as, our country; our rights; our troops; our endeavors. See I. The Lord is our defense. Ps. lxxxix. 18.

Note: When the noun is not expressed, ours is used in the same way as hers for her, yours for your, etc.; as, whose house is that It is ours. Our wills are ours, we known not how. Tennyson.

-OUR -our. Etym: [OF. -our.]

Defn: See -or.

OURANG Ou*rang", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The orang-outang.

OURANG-OUTANG Ou*rang"-ou*tang`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Orang-outang.

OURANOGRAPHIST Ou`ra*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: See Uranographist.

OURANOGRAPHY Ou`ra*nog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: See Uranography.

OUREBI Ou"re*bi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, graceful, and swift African antelope, allied to the klipspringer.

OURETIC Ou*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Uretic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Uric.

OUROLOGY Ou*rol"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Urology.

OUROSCOPY Ou*ros"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: Ourology.

OURS Ours, possessive pron.

Defn: See Note under Our.

OURSELVES Our*selves", pron.

Defn: ; sing. Ourself (we; also, alone in the predicate, in the nominative or the objective case. We ourselves might distinctly number in words a great deal further then we usually do. Locke. Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we stand. Dryden.

Note: The form ourself is usec only in the regal or formal style after we or us, denoting a single person. Unless we would denude ourself of all force. Clarendon.

-OUS -ous. Etym: [OF. -ous, us, -os, F. -eux, fr. L. -osus, and -us. Cf. - ose.]

1. An adjective suffix meaning full of, abounding in, having, possessing the qualities of, like; as in gracious, abounding in grace; arduous, full of ardor; bulbous, having bulbs, bulblike; riotous, poisonous, piteous, joyous, etc.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix denoting that the element indicated by the name bearing it, has a valence lower than that denoted by the termination -ic; as, nitrous, sulphurous, etc., as contrasted with nitric, sulphuric, etc.

OUSE Ouse, n. & v.

Defn: See Ooze. [Obs.]

OUSEL Ou"sel, n. Etym: [OE. osel, AS. ; akin to G. amsel, OHG. amsala, and perh. to L. merula blackbird. Cf. Merle, Amsel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of European thrushes, especially the blackbird (Merula merula, or Turdus merula), and the mountain or ring ousel (Turdus torquatus). [Written also ouzel.] Rock ousel (Zoöl.), the ring ousel. — Water ousel (Zoöl.), the European dipper (Cinclus aquaticus), and the American dipper (C. Mexicanus).

OUST Oust, n.

Defn: See Oast.

OUST Oust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ousted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ousting.] Etym: [OF. oster, F. ôter, prob. fr. L. obstare to oppose, hence, to forbid, take away. See Obstacle, and cf. Ouster.]

1. To take away; to remove. Multiplication of actions upon the case were rare, formerly, and thereby wager of law ousted. Sir M. Hale.

2. To eject; to turn out. Blackstone. From mine own earldom foully ousted me. Tennyson.

OUSTER Oust"er, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. the OF. infin. oster, used substantively. See Oust.]

Defn: A putting out of possession; dispossession; ejection; disseizin. Ouster of the freehold is effected by abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontinuance, or deforcement. Blackstone. Ouster le main. Etym: [Ouster + F. la main the hand, L. manus.] (Law) A delivery of lands out of the hands of a guardian, or out of the king's hands, or a judgement given for that purpose. Blackstone.

OUT Out, adv. Etym: [OE. out, ut, oute, ute, AS. , and , , fr. ; akin to D. uit, OS. , G. aus, OHG. -, Icel. , Sw. ut, Dan. ud, Goth. ut, Skr. ud. About, But, prep., Carouse, Utter, a.]

Defn: In its original and strict sense, out means from the interior of something; beyond the limits or boundary of somethings; in a position or relation which is exterior to something; — opposed to in or into. The something may be expressed after of, from, etc. (see Out of, below); or, if not expressed, it is implied; as, he is out; or, he is out of the house, office, business, etc.; he came out; or, he came out from the ship, meeting, sect, party, etc. Out is used in a variety of applications, as: —

1. Away; abroad; off; from home, or from a certain, or a usual, place; not in; not in a particular, or a usual, place; as, the proprietor is out, his team was taken out. "My shoulder blade is out." Shak. He hath been out (of the country) nine years. Shak.

2. Beyond the limits of concealment, confinement, privacy, constraint, etc., actual of figurative; hence, not in concealment, constraint, etc., in, or into, a state of freedom, openness, disclosure, publicity, etc.; as, the sun shines out; he laughed out, to be out at the elbows; the secret has leaked out, or is out; the disease broke out on his face; the book is out. Leaves are out and perfect in a month. Bacon. She has not been out [in general society] very long. H. James.

3. Beyond the limit of existence, continuance, or supply; to the end; completely; hence, in, or into, a condition of extinction, exhaustion, completion; as, the fuel, or the fire, has burned out. "Hear me out." Dryden. Deceitiful men shall not live out half their days. Ps. iv. 23. When the butt is out, we will drink water. Shak.

4. Beyond possession, control, or occupation; hence, in, or into, a state of want, loss, or deprivation; — used of office, business, property, knowledge, etc.; as, the Democrats went out and the Whigs came in; he put his money out at interest. "Land that is out at rack rent." Locke. "He was out fifty pounds." Bp. Fell. I have forgot my part, and I am out. Shak.

5. Beyond the bounds of what is true, reasonable, correct, proper, common, etc.; in error or mistake; in a wrong or incorrect position or opinion; in a state of disagreement, opposition, etc.; in an inharmonious relation. "Lancelot and I are out." Shak. Wicked men are strangely out in the calculating of their own interest. South. Very seldom out, in these his guesses. Addison.

6. Not in the position to score in playing a game; not in the state or turn of the play for counting or gaining scores.

Note: Out is largely used in composition as a prefix, with the same significations that it has as a separate word; as outbound, outbreak, outbuilding, outcome, outdo, outdoor, outfield. See also the first Note under Over, adv. Day in, day out, from the beginning to the limit of each of several days; day by day; every day. — Out and out. (a) adv. Completely; wholly; openly. (b) adj. Without any reservation or disguise; absolute; as, an out and out villain. [As an adj. written also out-and-out.] — Out at, Out in, Out on, etc., elliptical phrases, that to which out refers as a source, origin, etc., being omitted; as, out (of the house and) at the barn; out (of the house, road, fields, etc., and) in the woods. Three fishers went sailing out into the west, Out into the west, as the sun went down. C. Kingsley.

Note: In these lines after out may be understood, "of the harbor," "from the shore," "of sight," or some similar phrase. The complete construction is seen in the saying: "Out of the frying pan into the fire." — Out from, a construction similar to out of (below). See Of and From. Out of, a phrase which may be considered either as composed of an adverb and a preposition, each having its appropriate office in the sentence, or as a compound preposition. Considered as a preposition, it denotes, with verbs of movement or action, from the interior of; beyond the limit: from; hence, origin, source, motive, departure, separation, loss, etc.; — opposed to in or into; also with verbs of being, the state of being derived, removed, or separated from. Examples may be found in the phrases below, and also under Vocabulary words; as, out of breath; out of countenance. Out of cess, beyond measure, excessively. Shak. — Out of character, unbecoming; improper. — Out of conceit with, not pleased with. See under Conceit. — Out of date, not timely; unfashionable; antiquated. — Out of door, Out of doors, beyond the doors; from the house; in, or into, the open air; hence, figuratively, shut out; dismissed. See under Door, also, Out-of-door, Outdoor, Outdoors, in the Vocabulary. "He 's quality, and the question's out of door," Dryden. — Out of favor, disliked; under displeasure. — Out of frame, not in correct order or condition; irregular; disarranged. Latimer. — Out of hand, immediately; without delay or preparation. "Ananias . . . fell down and died out of hand." Latimer. — Out of harm's way, beyond the danger limit; in a safe place. — Out of joint, not in proper connection or adjustment; unhinged; disordered. "The time is out of joint." Shak. — Out of mind, not in mind; forgotten; also, beyond the limit of memory; as, time out of mind. — Out of one's head, beyond commanding one's mental powers; in a wandering state mentally; delirious. [Colloq.] — Out of one's time, beyond one's period of minority or apprenticeship. — Out of order, not in proper order; disarranged; in confusion. — Out of place, not in the usual or proper place; hence, not proper or becoming. — Out of pocket, in a condition of having expended or lost more money than one has received. — Out of print, not in market, the edition printed being exhausted; — said of books, pamphlets, etc. — Out of the question, beyond the limits or range of consideration; impossible to be favorably considered. — Out of reach, beyond one's reach; inaccessible. — Out of season, not in a proper season or time; untimely; inopportune. — Out of sorts, wanting certain things; unsatisfied; unwell; unhappy; cross. See under Sort, n. — Out of temper, not in good temper; irritated; angry. — Out of time, not in proper time; too soon, or too late. — Out of time, not in harmony; discordant; hence, not in an agreeing temper; fretful. — Out of twist, winding, or wind, not in warped condition; perfectly plain and smooth; — said of surfaces. — Out of use, not in use; unfashionable; obsolete. — Out of the way. (a) On one side; hard to reach or find; secluded. (b) Improper; unusual; wrong. — Out of the woods, not in a place, or state, of obscurity or doubt; free from difficulty or perils; safe. [Colloq.] — Out to out, from one extreme limit to another, including the whole length, breadth, or thickness; — applied to measurements. — Out West, in or towards, the West; specifically, in some Western State or Territory. [U. S.] — To come out, To cut out, To fall out, etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, etc. — To put out of the way, to kill; to destroy. — Week in, week out. See Day in, day out (above).

OUT Out, n.

1. One who, or that which, is out; especially, one who is out of office; — generally in the plural.

2. A place or space outside of something; a nook or corner; an angle projecting outward; an open space; — chiefly used in the phrase ins and outs; as, the ins and outs of a question. See under In.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A word or words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy; an omission. To make an out (Print.), to omit something, in setting or correcting type, which was in the copy.

OUT Out, v. t.

1. To cause to be out; to eject; to expel. A king outed from his country. Selden. The French have been outed of their holds. Heylin.

2. To come out with; to make known. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To give out; to dispose of; to sell. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OUT Out, v. i.

Defn: To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public. "Truth will out." Shak.

OUT Out, interj.

Defn: Expressing impatience, anger, a desire to be rid of; — with the force of command; go out; begone; away; off. Out, idle words, servants to shallow fools ! Shak. Out upon or on! equivalent to "shame upon!" "away with!" as, out upon you!

OUTACT Out*act", v. t.

Defn: To do or beyond; to exceed in acting. [R.] He has made me heir to treasures Would make me outact a real window's whining. Otway.

OUTAGAMIES Ou"ta*gam`ies, n. pl.; sing. Outagamie (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See lst Fox, 7.

OUTARGUE Out*ar"gue, v. t.

Defn: To surpass or conquer in argument.

OUTBABBLE Out*bab"ble, v. t.

Defn: To utter foolishly or excessively; to surpass in babbling. [R.] Milton.

OUTBALANCE Out*bal"ance, v. t.

Defn: To outweight; to exceed in weight or effect. Let dull Ajax bear away my right When all his days outbalance this one night. Dryden.

OUTBAR Out*bar", v. t.

Defn: To bar out. [R.] Spenser.

OUTBEG Out*beg", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in begging. [R.]

OUTBID Out*bid", v. t. [imp. Outbid or Outbade (p. p. Outbid or Outbidden (p. pr. & vb. n. Outbidding.]