S

Defn: the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonanat, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a more hissing, as in sack, this; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle, débris. With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation, t\'c5 255-261.

Note: Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the Phænician. the ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related to c, z, t, and r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase, raze; erase, razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison, L. ratio; E. was, were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and R.).

-S -s.

1. Etym: [OE. es, AS. as.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the plural of most words; as in roads, elfs, sides, accounts.

2. Etym: [OE. -s, for older -th, AS. -th.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the third person singular indicative of English verbs; as in the falls, tells, sends.

3. An adverbial suffix; as in towards, needs, always, — originally the genitive, possesive, ending. See -'s.

-'S -'s Etym: [OE. -es, AS. -es.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's; man's.

'S 's.

Defn: A contraction for is or (colloquially) for has. "My heart's subdued." Shak.

-'S -'s [OE. -es, AS. -es.]

The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's; man's.

SAADH Sa"adh, n.

Defn: See Sadh.

SAAN Saan, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Bushmen.

SABADILLA Sab`a*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. cebadilla.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican liliaceous plant (Schænocaulon officinale); also, its seeds, which contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic and purgative.

SABAEAN Sa*bæ"an, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABAEANISM Sa*bæ"an*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABAEISM; SABAISM Sa"bæ*ism, Sa"ba*ism, n.

Defn: See Sabianism.

SABAL Sa"bal, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of the Southern United States.

SABAOTH Sab"a*oth (sâb"ay*ôth or sa"ba*ôth; 277), n. pl. Etym: [Heb. tseba'oth, pl. of tsaba', an army or host, fr. tsaba', to go forth to war.]

1. Armies; hosts.

Note: [Used twice in the English Bible, in the phrase "The Lord of Sabaoth."]

2. Incorrectly, the Sabbath.

SABBAT Sab"bat, n. Etym: [See Sabbath.]

Defn: In mediæval demonology, the nocturnal assembly in which demons and sorcerers were thought to celebrate their orgies.

SABBATARIAN Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. Sabbatarius: cf. F. sabbataire. See Sabbath.]

1. One who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week as holy, aggreeably to the letter of the fourth commandment in the Decalogue.

Note: There were Christians in the early church who held this opinion, and certain Christians, esp. the Seventh-day Baptists, hold it now.

2. A strict observer of the Sabbath.

SABBATARIAN Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sabbath, or the tenets of Sabbatarians.

SABBATARIANISM Sab`ba*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets of Sabbatarians. Bp. Ward. (1673).

SABBATH Sab"bath, n. Etym: [OE. sabat, sabbat, F. sabbat, L. sabbatum, Gr. shabbath, fr. shabath to rest from labor. Cf. Sabbat.]

1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for rest or worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been continued by the Christian church with a transference of the day observed from the last to the first day of the week, which is called also Lord's Day. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. xx. 8.

2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of rest and festival. Lev. xxv. 4.

3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain, effort, sorrow, or the like. Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. Pope. Sabbath breaker, one who violates the law of the Sabbath. — Sabbath breaking, the violation of the law of the Sabbath. — Sabbath-day's journey, a distance of about a mile, which, under Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the Sabbath.

Syn. — Sabbath, Sunday. Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday. Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of the first day of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the Sabbath of most Christians on Sunday. In New England, the first day of the week has been called "the Sabbath," to mark it as holy time; Sunday is the word more commonly used, at present, in all parts of the United States, as it is in England. "So if we will be the children of our heavenly Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbathday, which is the Sunday." Homilies.

SABBATHLESS Sab"bath*less, a.

Defn: Without Sabbath, or intermission of labor; hence, without respite or rest. Bacon.

SABBATIC; SABBATICAL Sab*bat"ic, Sab*bat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. sabbatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor. Sabbatical year (Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage.

SABBATISM Sab"ba*tism, n. Etym: [L. sabbatismus, Gr. sabbatisme. See Sabbath.]

Defn: Intermission of labor, as upon the Sabbath; rest. Dr. H. More.

SABBATON Sab"ba*ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. zapaton, a large shoe, F. sabot a wooden shoe.]

Defn: A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn during a part of the sixteenth century in both military and civil dress.

SABEAN Sa*be"an, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Sabian.

SABEISM Sa"be*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABELLA Sa*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sabulum gravel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of tubiculous annelids having a circle of plumose gills around head.

SABELLIAN Sa*bel"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See Sabellian, n.

SABELLIAN Sa*bel"li*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Sabellius, a presbyter of Ptolemais in the third century, who maintained that there is but one person in the Godhead, and that the Son and Holy Spirit are only different powers, operations, or offices of the one God the Father.

SABELLIANISM Sa*bel"li*an*ism, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See Sabellian, n.

SABELLOID Sa*bel"loid, a. Etym: [Sabella + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or related to, the genus Sabella. — Sa*bel"loid, n.

SABER; SABRE Sa"ber, Sa"bre, n. Etym: [F. sabre, G. säbel; of uncertain origin; cf. Hung. száblya, Pol. szabla, Russ. sabla, and L. Gr.

Defn: A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.

SABER; SABRE Sa"ber, Sa"bre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabered or Sabred (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sabering or Sabring (.] Etym: [Cf. F. sabrer.]

Defn: To strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a saber. You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission. Burke.

SABERBILL; SABREBILL Sa"ber*bill`, Sa"bre*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The curlew.

SABIAN Sa"bi*an, a. Etym: [L. Sabaeus.] [Written also Sabean, and Sabæanism.]

1. Of or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated for producing aromatic plants.

2. Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the worship of the heavenly bodies.

SABIAN Sa"bi*an, n.

Defn: An adherent of the Sabian religion; a worshiper of the heavenly bodies. [Written also Sabæan, and Sabean.]

SABIANISM Sa"bi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion; that species of idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun, moon, and stars; heliolatry. [Written also Sabæanism.]

SABICU Sab"i*cu, n.

Defn: The very hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree (Lysilona Sabicu), valued for shipbuilding.

SABINE Sa"bine, a. Etym: [L. Sabinus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient Sabines, a people of Italy. — n.

Defn: One of the Sabine people.

SABINE Sab"ine, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. Sabina herba, fr. Sabini the Sabines. Cf. Savin.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Savin.

SABLE Sa"ble, n. Etym: [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, — noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur.

Note: The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head and ears. Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a dense coat of hair, overtopped by another still longer. It varies greatly in color and quality according to the locality and the season of the year. The darkest and most valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in the colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and British North America.

Note: The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered a distinct species (Mustela Americana), but it differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now considered only a geographical variety.

2. The fur of the sable.

3. A mouring garment; a funeral robe; — generally in the plural. "Sables wove by destiny." Young.

4. (Her.)

Defn: The tincture black; — represented by vertical and horizontal lines each other.

SABLE Sa"ble, a.

Defn: Of the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; — used chiefly in poetry. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world. Young. Sable antelope (Zoöl.), a large South African antelope (Hippotragus niger). Both sexes have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the female is dark chestnut above, white beneath. — Sable iron, a superior quality of Russia iron; — so called because originally stamped with the figure of a sable. — Sable mouse (Zoöl.), the lemming.

SABLE Sa"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sabling.]

Defn: To render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black. Sabled all in black the shady sky. G. Fletcher.

SABOT Sa`bot", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.

SABOTAGE Sa`bo`tage", n. [F.] (a) Scamped work. (b) Malicious waste or destruction of an employer's property or injury to his interests by workmen during labor troubles.

SABOTIERE Sa`bo"tière, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of freezer for ices.

SABRE Sa"bre, n. & v.

Defn: See Saber.

SABRETASCHE Sa"bre*tasche`, n. Etym: [F. sabretache, G. säbel, tasche; säbel salber + tasche a pocket.] (Mil.)

Defn: A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry at the left side, suspended from the sword belt. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci. ).

SABRINA WORK Sa*bri"na work`.

Defn: A variety of appliqué work for quilts, table covers, etc. Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).

SABULOSE Sab"u*lose, a. Etym: [L. sabulosus, from sabulum, sabulo, sand.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in sandy places.

SABULOSITY Sab`u*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being sabulous; sandiness; grittiness.

SABULOUS Sab"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. sabulosus.]

Defn: Sandy; gritty.

SAC Sac, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Sace.

SAC Sac, n. Etym: [See Sake, Soc.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: The privilege formerly enjoyed the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes, and imposing fines. Cowell.

SAC Sac, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. saccus a sack. See Sack a bag.]

1. See 2d Sack.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A cavity, bag, or receptacle, usually containing fluid, and either closed, or opening into another cavity to the exterior; a sack.

SACALAIT Sac"a*lait, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of fresh-water bass; the crappie. [Southern U.S.]

SACAR Sa"car, n.

Defn: See Saker.

SACCADE Sac*cade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: A sudden, violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one pull.

SACCATE Sac"cate, a. Etym: [NL. saccatus, fr. L. saccus a sack, bag.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form of a sack or pouch; furnished with a sack or pouch, as a petal.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saccata, a suborder of ctenophores having two pouches into which the long tentacles can be retracted.

SACCHARATE Sac"cha*rate, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharic acid. (b) In a wider sense, a compound of saccharose, or any similar carbohydrate, with such bases as the oxides of calcium, barium, or lead; a sucrate.

SACCHARIC Sac*char"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, saccharine substances; specifically, designating an acid obtained, as a white amorphous gummy mass, by the oxidation of mannite, glucose, sucrose, etc.

SACCHARIFEROUS Sac`cha*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing sugar; as, sacchariferous canes.

SACCHARIFY Sac*char"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharified; p. pr. & vb. n. Saccharifing.] Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -fy: cf. F. saccharifier.]

Defn: Toconvert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.

SACCHARILLA Sac`cha*ril"la, n.

Defn: A kind of muslin.

SACCHARIMETER Sac`cha*rim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -meter: cf. F. saccharimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertain the quantity of saccharine matter in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers' worts. [Written also saccharometer.]

Note: The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity. The polarizing saccharimeter of the chemist is a complex optical apparatus, in which polarized light is transmitted through the saccharine solution, and the proportion of sugar indicated by the relative deviation of the plane of polarization.

SACCHARIMETRICAL Sac`cha*ri*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to saccharimetry; obtained saccharimetry.

SACCHARIMETRY Sac`cha*rim"e*try, n.

Defn: The act, process or method of determining the amount and kind of sugar present in sirup, molasses, and the like, especially by the employment of polarizing apparatus.

SACCHARIN Sac"cha*rin, n. Etym: [F., from L. saccharon sugar.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; — so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane sugar (saccharose).

SACCHARINATE Sac"cha*ri*nate, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharinic acid. (b) A salt of saccharine.

SACCHARINE Sac"cha*rine ( or ), a. Etym: [F. saccharin, fr. L. saccharob sugar, Gr. çarkara. Cf. Sugar.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar; producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste; saccharine matter.

SACCHARINE Sac"cha*rine ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also saccharin.] C7H5NO3S.

SACCHARINIC Sac"cha*rin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharin; specifically, designating a complex acid not known in the free state but well known in its salts, which are obtained by boiling dextrose and levulose (invert sugar) with milk of lime.

SACCHARIZE Sac"cha*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharized; p. pr. & vb. n. Saccharizing.]

Defn: To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.

SACCHAROID; SACCHAROIDAL Sac"cha*roid, Sac`cha*roid"al, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -oid: cf. F. saccharoïde.]

Defn: resembling sugar, as in taste, appearance, consistency, or composition; as, saccharoidal limestone.

SACCHAROMETER Sac`cha*rom"e*ter, n.

Defn: A saccharimeter.

SACCHAROMYCES Sac`cha*ro*my"ces, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of budding fungi, the various species of which have the power, to a greater or less extent, or splitting up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the active agents in producing fermentation of wine, beer, etc. Saccharomyces cerevisiæ is the yeast of sedimentary beer. Also called Torula.

SACCHAROMYCETES Sac`cha*ro*my*ce"tes, n. pl. (Biol.)

Defn: A family of fungi consisting of the one genus Saccharomyces.

SACCHARONATE Sac"cha*ro*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of saccharonic acid.

SACCHARONE Sac"cha*rone, n. Etym: [Saccharin + lactone,] (Chem.) (a) A white crystalline substance, C6H8O6, obtained by the oxidation of saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid. (b) An oily liquid, C6H10O2, obtained by the reduction of saccharin.

SACCHARONIC Sac`cha*ron"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharone; specifically, designating an unstable acid which is obtained from saccharone (a) by hydration, and forms a well-known series of salts.

SACCHAROSE Sac"cha*rose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Cane sugar; sucrose; also, in general, any one of the group of which saccharose, or sucrose proper, is the type. See Sucrose.

SACCHAROUS Sac"cha*rous, a.

Defn: Saccharine.

SACCHARUM Sac"cha*rum, n. Etym: [NL. See Saccharine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tall tropical grasses including the sugar cane.

SACCHOLACTATE Sac`cho*lac"tate, n. Etym: [See Saccharolactatic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of saccholactactic acid; — formerly called also saccholate. [Obs.] See Mucate.

SACCHOLACTIC Sac`cho*lac"tic, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + lac, lactis, milk.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called mucic acid; saccholic. [Obs.]

SACCHOLIC Sac*chol"ic, a.

Defn: Saccholatic. [Obs.]

SACCHULMATE Sac*chul"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sacchulmic acid.

SACCHULMIC Sac*chul"mic, a. Etym: [Saccharine + ulmic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a dark amorphous substance by the long-continued boiling of sucrose with very dilute sulphuric acid. It resembles humic acid. [Written also sacculmic.]

SACCHULMIN Sac*chul"min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous huminlike substance resembling sacchulmic acid, and produced together with it.

SACCIFEROUS Sac*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. saccus a sack + -ferous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Bearing a sac.

SACCIFORM Sac"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. saccus a sack + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the general form of a sac.

SACCOGLOSSA Sac`co*glos"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. saccus a sack + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pellibranchiata.

SACCULAR Sac"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Like a sac; sacciform.

SACCULATED Sac"cu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Furnished with little sacs.

SACCULE Sac"cule, n. Etym: [L. sacculus, dim. of saccus sack.]

Defn: A little sac; specifically, the sacculus of the ear.

SACCULO-COCHLEAR Sac`cu*lo-coch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: pertaining to the sacculus and cochlea of the ear.

SACCULO-UTRICULAR Sac`cu*lo-u*tric"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the sacculus and utriculus of the ear.

SACCULUS Sac"cu*lus, n.; pl. Sacculi. Etym: [L., little sack.] (Anat.)

Defn: A little sac; esp., a part of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. See the Note under Ear.

SACCUS Sac"cus, n.; pl. Sacci. Etym: [L., a sack.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sac.

SACELLUM Sa*cel"lum, n.; pl. Sacella. Etym: [L., dim. of sacrum a sacred place.] (a) (Rom. Antiq.) An unroofed space consecrated to a divinity. (b) (Eccl.) A small monumental chapel in a church. Shipley.

SACERDOTAL Sac`er*do"tal, a. Etym: [L. sacerdotalis, fr. sacerdos, -otis, a priest, fr.sacer holy, sacred: cf. F. sacerdotal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to priests, or to the order of priests; relating to the priesthood; priesty; as, sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal functions. The ascendency of the sacerdotal order was long the ascendency which naturally and properly belongs to intellectual superiority. Macaulay.

SACERDOTALISM Sac`er*do"tal*ism, m.

Defn: The system, style, spirit, or character, of a priesthood, or sacerdotal order; devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order.

SACERDOTALLY Sac`er*do"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sacerdotal manner.

SACHEL Sach"el, n.

Defn: A small bag. See Satchel.

SACHEM Sa"chem, n.

Defn: A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.

SACHEMDOM Sa"chem*dom, n.

Defn: The government or jurisdiction of a sachem. Dr. T. Dwight.

SACHEMSHIP Sa"chem*ship, n.

Defn: Office or condition of a sachem.

SACHET Sa`chet", n. Etym: [F., dim. of sac. See Sac.]

Defn: A scent bag, or perfume cushion, to be laid among handkerchiefe, garments, etc., to perfume them.

SACIETY Sa*ci"e*ty, n.

Defn: Satiety. [Obs.] Bacon.

SACK Sack, n. Etym: [OE. seck, F. sec dry (cf. Sp. seco, It secco), from L. siccus dry, harsh; perhaps akin to Gr. sikata sand, Ir. sesc dry, W. hysp. Cf. Desiccate.]

Defn: A anme formerly given to various dry Spanish wines. "Sherris sack." Shak. Sack posset, a posset made of sack, and some other ingredients.

SACK Sack, n. Etym: [OE. sak, sek, AS. sacc, sæcc, L. saccus, Gr. sak; cf. F. sac from the Latin. Cf. Sac, Satchel, Sack to plunder.]

1. A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a receptacle made of some kind of pliable material, as cloth, leather, and the like; a large pouch.

2. A measure of varying capacity, according to local usage and the substance. The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat, two bushels. McElrath.

3. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.]

Defn: Originally, a loosely hanging garnment for women, worn like a cloak about the shoulders, and serving as a decorative appendage to the gown; now, an outer garment with sleeves, worn by women; as, a dressing saek. [Written also sacque.]

4. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to bottom without a cross seam.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: See 2d Sac, 2. Sack bearer (Zoöl.). See Basket worm, under Basket. — Sack tree (Bot.), an East Indian tree (Antiaris saccidora) which is cut into lengths, and made into sacks by turning the bark inside out, and leaving a slice of the wood for a bottom. — To give the sack to or get the sack, to discharge, or be discharged, from employment; to jilt, or be jilted. [Slang]

SACK Sack, v. t.

1. To put in a sack; to bag; as, to sack corn. Bolsters sacked in cloth, blue and crimson. L. Wallace.

2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders. [Colloq.]

SACK Sack, n. Etym: [F. sac plunder, pillage, originally, a pack, packet, booty packed up, fr. L. saccus. See Sack a bag.]

Defn: the pillage or plunder, as of a town or city; the storm and plunder of a town; devastation; ravage. The town was stormed, and delivered up to sack, — by which phrase is to be understood the perpetration of all those outrages which the ruthless code of war allowed, in that age, on the persons and property of the defenseless inhabitants, without regard to sex or age. Prescott.

SACK Sack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sacking.] Etym: [See Sack pillage.]

Defn: To plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to devastate; to ravage. The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous enemy. Addison.

SACKAGE Sack"age (; 48), n.

Defn: The act of taking by storm and pillaging; sack. [R.] H. Roscoe.

SACKBUT Sack"but, n. Etym: [F. saquebute, OF. saqueboute a sackbut. earlier, a sort of hook attached to the end of a lance used by foot soldiers to unhorse cavalrymen; prop. meaning, pull and push; fr. saquier, sachier, to pull, draw (perhaps originally, to put into a bag or take out from a bag; see Sack a bag) + bouter to push (see Butt to thrust). The name was given to the musical instrument from its being lengthened and shortened.] (Mus.)

Defn: A brass wind instrument, like a bass trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone required; — said to be the same as the trombone. [Written also sagbut.] Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Note: The sackbut of the Scriptures is supposed to have been a stringed instrument.

SACKCLOTH Sack"cloth`, n.

Defn: Linen or cotton cloth such a sacks are made of; coarse cloth; anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress, mortification, or penitence. Gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. 2 Sam. iii. 31. Thus with sackcloth I invest my woe. Sandys.

SACKCLOTHED sack"clothed`, a.

Defn: Clothed in sackcloth.

SACKER Sack"er, n.

Defn: One who sacks; one who takes part in the storm and pillage of a town.

SACKFUL Sack"ful, n.; pl. Sackfuls (.

Defn: As much as a sack will hold.

SACKFUL Sack"ful, a.

Defn: Bent on plunder. [Obs.] Chapman.

SACKING Sack"ing, n. Etym: [AS. sæccing, from sæcc sack, bag.]

Defn: Stout, coarse cloth of which sacks, bags, etc., are made.

SACKLESS Sack"less, a. Etym: [AS. sacleás; sacu contention + leás loose, free from.]

Defn: Quiet; peaceable; harmless; innocent. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SACK-WINGED Sack"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a peculiar pouch developed near the front edge of the wing; — said of certain bats of the genus Saccopteryx.

SACQUE Sacque, n. Etym: [Formed after the analogy of the French. See 2d Sack.]

Defn: Same as 2d Sack, 3.

SACRAL Sa"cral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sacrum; in the region of the sacrum.

SACRAMENT Sac"ra*ment, n. Etym: [L. sacramentum an oath, a sacred thing, a mystery, a sacrament, fr. sacrare to declare as sacred, sacer sacred: cf. F. sacrament. See Sacred.]

1. The oath of allegiance taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath. [Obs.] I'll take the sacrament on't. Shak.

2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn cobenant; a sacred thing; a mystery. [Obs.] God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . . . and the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people through their portion of sorrows. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined by Christ, the head of the Christian church, to be observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the eucharist; the Lord's Supper.

Syn. — Sacrament, Eucharist. — Protestants apply the term sacrament to baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath. and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz., confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow, the word has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, where the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving of thanks; and this term also has been applied to the same ordinance, as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death. "Some receive the sacrament as a means to procure great graces and blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of thanksgiving for what they have received." Jer. Taylor.

SACRAMENT Sac"ra*ment, v. t.

Defn: To bind by an oath. [Obs.] Laud.

SACRAMENTAL Sac`ra*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. sacramentalis: cf. F. sacramental, sacramentel.]

1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the nature of a sacrament; sacredly or solemny binding; as, sacramental rites or elements.

2. Bound by a sacrament. The sacramental host of God's elect. Cowper.

SACRAMENTAL Sac`ra*men"tal, n.

Defn: That which relates to a sacrament. Bp. Morton.

SACRAMENTALISM Sac`ra*men"tal*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine and use of sacraments; attashment of excessive importance to sacraments.

SACRAMENTALIST Sac`ra*men"tal*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the doctrine of the real objective presence of Christ;s body and blood in the holy eucharist. Shipley.

SACRAMENTALLY Sac`ra*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sacrament manner.

SACRAMENTARIAN Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [LL. sacramentarius: cf. F. sacramentaire.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A name given in the sixteenth century to those German reformers who rejected both the Roman and the Lutheran doctrine of the holy eucharist.

2. One who holds extreme opinions regarding the efficacy of sacraments.

SACRAMENTARIAN Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining a sacrament, or to the sacramentals; sacramental.

2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.

SACRAMENTARY Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining a sacrament or the sacraments; sacramental.

2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.

SACRAMENTARY Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. sacramentarium: cf. F. sacramentaire.]

1. An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church, written by Pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected, and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were contained the rites for Mass, the sacraments, the dedication of churches, and other ceremonies. There are several ancient books of the same kind in France and Germany.

2. Same as Sacramentarian, n., 1. Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentaries. Jer. Taylor.

SACRAMENTIZE Sac"ra*ment*ize, v. i.

Defn: To administer the sacraments. [R.] Both to preach and sacramentize. Fuller.

SACRARIUM Sa*cra"ri*um, n.; pl. -ria. Etym: [L., fr. sacer sacred.]

1. A sort of family chapel in the houses of the Romans, devoted to a special divinity.

2. The adytum of a temple. Gwilt.

3. In a Christian church, the sanctuary.

SACRATE Sa"crate, v. t. Etym: [L. sacratus, p.p. of sacrare. See Sacred.]

Defn: To consecrate. [Obs.]

SACRATION Sa*cra"tion, n.

Defn: Consecration. [Obs.]

SACRE Sa"cre, n.

Defn: See Sakker.

SACRE Sa"cre, v. t. Etym: [F. sacrer. See Sacred.]

Defn: To consecrate; to make sacred. [Obs.] Holland.

SACRED Sa"cred, a. Etym: [Originally p.p. of OE. sacren to consecrate, F. sacrer, fr. L. sacrare, fr. sacer sacred, holy, cursed. Cf. Consecrate, Execrate, Saint, Sextion.]

1. Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service.

2. Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not secular; religious; as, sacred history. Smit with the love of sacred song. Milton.

3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction; possessing the highest title to obedience, honor, reverence, or veneration; entitled to extreme reverence; venerable. Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood Should nothing privilege him. Shak. Poet and saint to thee alone were given, The two most sacred names of earth and heaven. Cowley.

4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated; inviolable. Secrets of marriage still are sacred held. Dryden.

5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; — with to. A temple, sacred to the queen oflove. Dryden.

6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil, vengeance, curse, or the like; accursed; baleful. [Archaic] But, to destruction sacred and devote. Milton.

Society of the Sacred Heart (R.C. Ch.), a religious order of women, founded in France in 1800, and approved in 1826. It was introduced into America in 1817. The members of the order devote themselves to the higher branches of female education. — Sacred baboon. (Zoöl.) See Hamadryas. — Sacred bean (Bot.), a seed of the Oriental lotus (Nelumbo speciosa or Nelimbium speciosum), a plant resembling a water lily; also, the plant itself. See Lotus. — Sacred beetle (Zoöl.) See Scarab. — Sacred canon. See Canon, n., 3. — Sacred fish (Zoöl.), any one of fresh-water African fishes of the family Mormyridæ. Several large species inhabit the Nile and were considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians; especially Mormyris oxyrhynchus. — Sacred ibis. See Ibis. — Sacred monkey. (Zoöl.) (a) Any Asiatic monkey of the genus Semnopitchecus, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the entellus. See Entellus. (b) The sacred baboon. See Hamadryas. (c) The blunder monkey. — Sacred place (Civil Law), the place where a deceased person is buried.

Syn. — Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated; devoted; religious; venerable; reverend. — Sa"cred*ly, adv. — Sa"cred*ness, n.

SACRIFIC; SACRIFICAL Sacrif"ic, Sa*crif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. sacrificus, sacrificalis. See Sacrifice.]

Defn: Employed in sacrifice. [R.] Johnson.

SACRIFICABLE Sa*crif"ic*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

SACRIFICANT Sa*crif"ic*ant, n. Etym: [L. sacrificans, p.pr. See Sacrifice.]

Defn: One who offers a sacrifice. [R.]

SACRIFICATOR Sac"ri*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A sacrificer; one who offers a sacrifice. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

SACRIFICATORY Sa*crif"ic`a*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sacrificatoire.]

Defn: Offering sacrifice. [R.] Sherwood.

SACRIFICE Sac"ri*fice, n. Etym: [OE. sacrifise, sacrifice, F. sacrifice, fr. L. sacrificium; sacer sacer + facere to make. See Sacred, and Fact.]

1. The offering of anything to God, or to a god; consecratory rite. Great pomp, and sacrifice, and praises loud, To Dagon. Milton.

2. Anything consecrated and offered to God, or to a divinity; an immolated victin, or an offering of any kind, laid upon an altar, or otherwise presented in the way of religious thanksgiving, atonement, or conciliation. Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice. Milton. My life, if thou preserv's my life, Thy sacrifice shall be. Addison.

3. Destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of something else; devotion of some desirable object in behalf of a higher object, or to a claim deemed more pressing; hence, also, the thing so devoted or given up; as, the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to interest.

4. A sale at a price less than the cost or the actual value. [Tradesmen's Cant] Burnt sacrifice. See Burnt offering, under Burnt. — Sacrifice hit (Baseball), in batting, a hit of such a kind that the batter loses his chance of tallying, but enables one or more who are on bases to get home or gain a base.

SACRIFICE Sac"ri*fice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacrificed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sacrificing (.] Etym: [From Sacrifice, n.: cf. F. sacrifier, L. sacrificare; sacer sacred, holy + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. To make an offering of; to consecrate or present to a divinity by way of expiation or propitiation, or as a token acknowledgment or thanksgiving; to immolate on the altar of God, in order to atone for sin, to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an ox or a sheep. Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid. Milton.

2. Hence, to destroy, surrender, or suffer to be lost, for the sake of obtaining something; to give up in favor of a higher or more imperative object or duty; to devote, with loss or suffering. Condemned to sacrifice his childish years To babbling ignorance, and to empty fears. Prior. The Baronet had sacrificed a large sum . . . for the sake of . . . making this boy his heir. G. Eliot.

3. To destroy; to kill. Johnson.

4. To sell at a price less than the cost or the actual value. [Tradesmen's Cant]

SACRIFICE Sac"ri*fice, v. i.

Defn: To make offerings to God, or to a deity, of things consumed on the altar; to offer sacrifice. O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen To that meek man, who well had sacrificed. Milton.

SACRIFICER Sac"ri*fi`cer, n.

Defn: One who sacrifices.

SACRIFICIAL Sac`ri*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices; consisting in sacrifice; performing sacrifice. "Sacrificial rites." Jer. Taylor.

SACRILEGE Sac"ri*lege, n. Etym: [F. sacrilège, L. sacrilegium, from sacrilegus that steals, properly, gathers or picks up, sacred things; sacer sacred + legere to gather, pick up. See Sacred, and Legend.]

Defn: The sin or crime of violating or profaning sacred things; the alienating to laymen, or to common purposes, what has been appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses. And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb With sacrilege to dig. Spenser. Families raised upon the ruins of churches, and enriched with the spoils of sacrilege. South.

SACRILEGIOUS Sac`ri*le"gious, a. Etym: [From sacrilege: cf. L. sacrilegus.]

Defn: Violating sacred things; polluted with sacrilege; involving sacrilege; profane; impious. Above the reach of sacrilegious hands. pope. — Sac`ri*le"gious*ly, adv. — Sac`ri*le"gious*ness, n.

SACRILEGIST Sac"ri*le`gist, n.

Defn: One guilty of sacrilege.

SACRING Sac"ring,

Defn: a. & n. from Sacre. Sacring bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.

SACRIST Sa"crist, n. Etym: [LL. sacrista. See Sacristan.]

Defn: A sacristan; also, a person retained in a cathedral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the books.

SACRISTAN Sac"ris*tan, n. Etym: [F. sacristian, LL. sacrista, fr. L. sacer. See Sacred, and cf. Sexton.]

Defn: An officer of the church who has the care of the utensils or movables, and of the church in general; a sexton.

SACRISTY Sac"ris*ty, n.; pl. Sacristies. Etym: [F. sacristie, LL. sacristia, fr. L. sacer. See Sacred.]

Defn: A apartment in a church where the sacred utensils, vestments, etc., are kept; a vestry.

SACRO- Sa"cro- (. (Anat.)

Defn: A combining form denoting connection with, or relation to, the sacrum, as in sacro-coccyageal, sacro-iliac, sacrosciatic.

SACROSANCT Sac"ro*sanct, a. Etym: [L. sucrosanctus.]

Defn: Sacred; inviolable. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SACROSCIATIC Sa`cro*sci*at"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the sacrum and the hip; as, the sacrosciatic formina formed by the sacrosciatic ligaments which connect the sacrum and hip bone.

SACROVERTEBRAL Sa`cro*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sacrum and that part of the vertebral column immediately anterior to it; as, the sacrovertebral angle.

SACRUM sa"crum, n.; pl. sacra (. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sacer sacred, os sacrum the lowest bone of the spine.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the vertebral column which is directly connected with, or forms a part of, the pelvis.

Note: It may consist of a single vertebra or of several more or less consolidated. In man it forms the dorsal, or posterior, wall of the pelvis, and consists of five united vertebræ, which diminish in size very rapidly to the posterior extremity, which bears the coccyx.

SACS Sacs, n. pl.; sing. Sac (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians, which, together with the Foxes, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin. [Written also Sauks.]

SAD Sad, a. [Compar. Sadder; supperl. Saddest.] Etym: [OE. sad sated, tired, satisfied, firm, steadfast, AS. sæd satisfied, sated; akin to D. zat, OS. sad, G. tt, OHG. sat, sa, saddr, Goth. saps, Lith. sotus, L. sat, satis, enough, satur sated, Gr. Assets, Sate, Satiate, Satisfy Satire.]

1. Sated; satisfied; weary; tired. [Obs.] Yet of that art they can not waxen sad, For unto them it is a bitter sweet. Chaucer.

2. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard. [Obs., except in a few phrases; as, sad bread.] His hand, more sad than lump of lead. Spenser. Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad. Mortimer.

3. Dull; grave; dark; somber; — said of colors. "Sad-colored clothes." Walton. Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors. Mortimer.

4. Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or frivolous. [Obs.] "Ripe and sad courage." Bacon. Which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete counsel of both parties. Ld. Berners.

5. Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down with affliction; downcast; gloomy; mournful. First were we sad, fearing you would not come; Now sadder, that you come so unprovided. Shak. The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad. Milton.

6. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as, a sad accident; a sad misfortune.

7. Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked. [Colloq.] "Sad tipsy fellows, both of them." I. Taylor.

Note: Sad is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sad-colored, sad-eyed, sad-hearted, sad-looking, and the like. Sad bread, heavy bread. [Scot. & Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

Syn. — Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed; cheerless; downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous; afflictive; calamitous.

SAD Sad, v. t.

Defn: To make sorrowful; to sadden. [Obs.] How it sadded the minister's spirits! H. Peters.

SADDA Sad"da, n. Etym: [Per. sad-dar the hundred gates or ways; sad a hundred + dar door, way.]

Defn: A work in the Persian tongue, being a summary of the Zend- Avesta, or sacred books.

SADDEN Sad"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddened; p. pr. & vb. n. Saddening.]

Defn: To make sad. Specifically: (a) To render heavy or cohesive. [Obs.] Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it doth to clay lands. Mortimer.

(b) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth. (c) To make grave or serious; to make melancholy or sorrowful. Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene. Pope.

SADDEN Sad"den, v. i.

Defn: To become, or be made, sad. Tennyson.

SADDER Sad"der, n.

Defn: Same as Sadda.

SADDLE Sad"dle, n. Etym: [OE. sadel, AS. sadol; akin to D. zadel, G. sattel, OHG. satal, satul, Icel. söedhull, Dan. & Sw. sadel; cf. Russ. siedlo; all perh. ultimately from the root of E. sit.]

1. A seat for a rider, — usually made of leather, padded to span comfortably a horse's back, furnished with stirrups for the rider's feet to rest in, and fastened in place with a girth; also, a seat for the rider on a bicycle or tricycle.

2. A padded part of a harness which is worn on a horse's back, being fastened in place with a girth. It serves various purposes, as to keep the breeching in place, carry guides for the reins, etc.

3. A piece of meat containing a part of the backbone of an animal with the ribs on each side; as, a saddle of mutton, of venison, etc.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A block of wood, usually fastened to some spar, and shaped to receive the end of another spar.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: A part, as a flange, which is hollowed out to fit upon a convex surface and serve as a means of attachment or support.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The clitellus of an earthworm.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: The threshold of a door, when a separate piece from the floor or landing; — so called because it spans and covers the joint between two floors. Saddle bar (Arch.), one the small iron bars to which the lead panels of a glazed window are secured. Oxf. Gloss. — Saddle gall (Far.), a sore or gall upon a horse's back, made by the saddle. — Saddle girth, a band passing round the body of a horse to hold the saddle in its place. — saddle horse, a horse suitable or trained for riding with a saddle. — Saddle joint, in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by bending up the edge of a sheet and folding it downward over the turned-up edge of the next sheet. — Saddle roof (Arch.), a roof having two gables and one ridge; — said of such a roof when used in places where a different form is more common; as, a tower surmounted by a saddle roof. Called also saddleback roof. — Saddle shell (Zoöl.), any thin plicated bivalve shaell of the genera Placuna and Anomia; — so called from its shape. Called also saddle oyster.

SADDLE Sad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Saddling.] Etym: [AS. sadelian.]

1. To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for riding. "saddle my horse." Shak. Abraham rose up early saddled his ass. Gen. xxii. 3.

2. Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to load; to encumber; as, to saddle a town with the expense of bridges and highways.

SADDLEBACK Sad"dle*back`, a.

Defn: Same as Saddle-backed. Saddleback roof. (Arch.) See Saddle roof, under Saddle.

SADDLEBACK Sad"dle*back`, n.

1. Anything saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge having a concave outline at the top.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The harp seal. (b) The great blackbacked gull (Larus marinus). (c) The larva of a bombycid moth (Empretia stimulea) which has a large, bright green, saddle-shaped patch of color on the back.

SADDLE-BACKED Sad"dle-backed`, a.

1. Having the outline of the upper part concave like the seat of a saddle.

2. Having a low back and high neck, as a horse.

SADDLEBAGS Sad"dle*bags, n. pl.

Defn: Bags, usually of leather, united by straps or a band, formerly much used by horseback riders to carry small articles, one bag hanging on each side.

SADDLEBOW Sad"dle*bow`, n. Etym: [AS. sadelboga.]

Defn: The bow or arch in the front part of a saddle, or the pieces which form the front.

SADDLECLOTH Sad"dle*cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth under a saddle, and extending out behind; a housing.

SADDLED Sad"dled, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a broad patch of color across the back, like a saddle; saddle-backed.

SADDLER Sad"dler, n. .

Defn: One who makes saddles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harp seal.

SADDLERY Sad"dler*y, n.

1. The materials for making saddles and harnesses; the articles usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop.

2. The trade or employment of a saddler.

SADDLE-SHAPED Sad"dle-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a saddle. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) Bent down at the sides so as to give the upper part a rounded form. Henslow. (b) (Geol.) Bent on each side of a mountain or ridge, without being broken at top; — said of strata.

SADDLETREE Sad"dle*tree`, n.

Defn: The frame of a saddle. For saddletree scarce reached had he, His journey to begin. Cowper.

SADDUCAIC Sad`du*ca"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the Sadducees; as, Sadducaic reasonings.

SADDUCEE Sad"du*cee, n. Etym: [L. Sadducaei, p., Gr. Tsaddukim; — so called from Tsadok, the founder of the sect.]

Defn: One of a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels. — Sad`du*ce"an, a.

SADDUCEEISM; SADDUCISM Sad"du*cee`ism, Sad"du*cism, n.

Defn: The tenets of the Sadducees.

SADDUCIZE Sad"du*cize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sadducized; p. pr. & vb. n. Sadducizing.]

Defn: To adopt the principles of the Sadducees. Atterbury.

SADH Sadh, n. Etym: [Skr. sadhu perfect, pure.]

Defn: A member of a monotheistic sect of Hindoos. Sadhs resemble the Quakers in many respects. Balfour (cyc. of India).

SADIRON Sad"i`ron, n. Etym: [Probably sad heavy + iron.]

Defn: An iron for smoothing clothes; a flatiron.

SADLY Sad"ly, adv.

1. Wearily; heavily; firmly. [Obs.] In go the spears full sadly in arest. Chaucer.

2. Seriously; soberly; gravely. [Obs.] To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame Or our neglect, we lost her as we came. Milton.

3. Grievously; deeply; sorrowfully; miserably. "He sadly suffers in their grief." Dryden.

SADNESS Sad"ness, n.

1. Heaviness; firmness. [Obs.]

2. Seriousness; gravity; discretion. [Obs.] Her sadness and her benignity. Chaucer.

3. Quality of being sad, or unhappy; gloominess; sorrowfulness; dejection. Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial visages. Milton.

Syn. — Sorrow; heaviness; dejection. See Grief.

SADR Sadr, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ziziphus (Z. lotus); — so called by the Arabs of Barbary, who use its berries for food. See Lotus (b).

SAENGERBUND Saeng"er*bund`, n.; G. pl. -bünde (#). [G. sängerbund.] (Music)

Defn: A singers' union; an association of singers or singing clubs, esp. German.

SAENGERFEST Saeng"er*fest, n. Etym: [G. sängerfest.]

Defn: A festival of singers; a German singing festival.

SAFE Safe, a. [Compar. Safer; superl. Safest.] Etym: [OE. sauf, F. sauf, fr. L. salvus, akin to salus health, welfare, safety. Cf. Salute, Salvation, Sage a plant, Save, Salvo an exception.]

1. Free from harm, injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened by danger or injury; unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; as, safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from foes. "And ye dwelled safe." 1 Sam. xii. 11. They escaped all safe all safe to land. Acts xxvii. 44. Established in a safe, unenvied throne. Milton.

2. Conferring safety; securing from harm; not exposing to danger; confining securely; to be relied upon; not dangerous; as, a safe harbor; a safe bridge, etc. "The man of safe discretion." Shak. The King of heaven hath doomed This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat. Milton.

3. Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in secure care or custody; as, the prisoner is safe. But Banquo's safe Ay, my good lord, safe in a ditch he bides. Shak. Safe hit (Baseball), a hit which enables the batter to get to first base even if no error is made by the other side.

Syn. — Secure; unendangered; sure.

SAFE Safe, n.

Defn: A place for keeping things in safety. Specifically: (a) A strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of steel, etc., or a closet or vault of brickwork) for money, valuable papers, or the like. (b) A ventilated or refrigerated chest or closet for securing provisions from noxious animals or insects.

SAFE Safe, v. t.

Defn: To render safe; to make right. [Obs.] Shak.

SAFE-CONDUCT Safe"-con"duct, n. Etym: [Safe + conduct: cf. F. sauf-conduit.]

Defn: That which gives a safe, passage; either (a) a convoy or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or a foreign country, or (b) a writing, pass, or warrant of security, given to a person to enable him to travel with safety. Shak.

SAFE-CONDUCT Safe`-con*duct", v. t.

Defn: To conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to. [POetic] He him by all the bonds of love besought To safe-conduct his love. Spenser.

SAFEGUARD Safe"guard`, n. Etym: [Safe = guard: cf. F. sauvegarde.]

1. One who, or that which, defends or protects; defense; protection. Shak. Thy sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne. Granwille.

2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler or property.

3. A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct. Shak.

SAFEGUARD Safe"guard`, v. t.

Defn: To guard; to protect. Shak.

SAFE-KEEPING Safe"-keep"ing, n. Etym: [Safe + keep.]

Defn: The act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape; care; custody.

SAFELY Safe"ly, adv.

Defn: In a safe manner; danger, injury, loss, or evil consequences.

SAFENESS Safe"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being safe; freedom from hazard, danger, harm, or loss; safety; security; as the safeness of an experiment, of a journey, or of a possession.

SAFE-PLEDGE Safe"-pledge", n. (Law)

Defn: A surety for the appearance of a person at a given time. Bracton.

SAFETY Safe"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sauveté.]

1. The condition or state of being safe; freedom from danger or hazard; exemption from hurt, injury, or loss. Up led by thee, Into the heaven I have presumed, An earthly guest . . . With like safety guided down, Return me to my native element. Milton.

2. Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or from libility to cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the quality of making safe or secure, or of giving confidence, justifying trust, insuring against harm or loss, etc. Would there were any safety in thy sex, That I might put a thousand sorrows off. Beau. & Fl.

3. Preservation from escape; close custody. Imprison him, . . . Deliver him to safety; and return. Shak.

4. (Football)

Defn: Same as Safety touchdown, below. Safety arch (Arch.), a discharging arch. See under Discharge, v. t. — Safety belt, a belt made of some buoyant material, or which is capable of being inflated, so as to enable a person to float in water; a life preserver. — Safety buoy, a buoy to enable a person to float in water; a safety belt. — Safety cage (Mach.), a cage for an elevator or mine lift, having appliances to prevent it from dropping if the lifting rope should break. — Safety lamp. (Mining) See under Lamp. — Safety match, a match which can be ignited only on a surface specially prepared for the purpose. — Safety pin, a pin made in the form of a clasp, with a guard covering its point so that it will not prick the wearer. — safety plug. See Fusible plug, under Fusible. — Safety switch. See Switch. — Safety touchdown (Football), the act or result of a player's touching to the ground behind his own goal line a ball which received its last impulse from a man on his own side; — distinguished from touchback. See Touchdown. — Safety tube (Chem.), a tube to prevent explosion, or to control delivery of gases by an automatic valvular connection with the outer air; especially, a bent funnel tube with bulbs for adding those reagents which produce unpleasant fumes or violent effervescence. — Safety valve, a valve which is held shut by a spring or weight and opens automatically to permit the escape of steam, or confined gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or other vessel, when the pressure becomes too great for safety; also, sometimes, a similar valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, to prevent collapse.

SAFETY BICYCLE Safety bicycle.

Defn: A bicycle with equal or nearly equal wheels, usually 28 inches diameter, driven by pedals connected to the rear (driving) wheel by a multiplying gear.

SAFETY CHAIN Safety chain. (a) (Railroads) A normally slack chain for preventing excessive movement between a truck and a car body in sluing. (b) An auxiliary watch chain, secured to the clothes, usually out of sight, to prevent stealing of the watch. (c) A chain of sheet metal links with an elongated hole through each broad end, made up by doubling the first link on itself, slipping the next link through and doubling, and so on.

SAFFLOW Saf"flow, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The safflower. [Obs.]

SAFFLOWER Saf"flow`er, n. Etym: [F. safeur, safior, for safran, influenced by fleur flower. See Saffron, and Flower.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant (Carthamus tinctorius), the flowers of which are used as a dyestuff and in making rouge; bastard, or false, saffron.

2. The died flowers of the Carthamus tinctorius.

3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See Safranin (b). Oil of safflower, a purgative oil expressed from the seeds of the safflower.

SAFFRON Saf"fron, n. Etym: [OE. saffran, F. safran; cf. It. zafferano, Sp. azafran, Pg. açafrao; all fr. Ar. & Per. za' faran.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A bulbous iridaceous plant (Crocus sativus) having blue flowers with large yellow stigmas. See Crocus.

2. The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually with part of the stile, of the Crocus sativus. Saffron is used in cookery, and in coloring confectionery, liquors, varnishes, etc., and was formerly much used in medicine.

3. An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the stigmas of the Crocus sativus. Bastard saffron, Dyer's saffron. (Bot.) See Safflower. — Meadow saffron (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Colchichum autumnate) of Europe, resembling saffron. — Saffron wood (Bot.), the yellowish wood of a South African tree (Elæodendron croceum); also, the tree itself. — Saffron yellow, a shade of yellow like that obtained from the stigmas of the true saffron (Crocus sativus).

SAFFRON Saf"fron, a.

Defn: Having the color of the stigmas of saffron flowers; deep orange-yellow; as, a saffron face; a saffron streamer.

SAFFRON Saf"fron, v. t.

Defn: To give color and flavor to, as by means of saffron; to spice. [Obs.] And in Latyn I speak a wordes few, To saffron with my predication. Chaucer.

SAFFRONY Saf"fron*y, a.

Defn: Having a color somewhat like saffron; yellowish. Lord (1630).

SAFRANIN Saf"ra*nin, n. (Chem.) (a) An orange-red dyestuff extracted from the saffron. [R.] (b) A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and formerly used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet; — called also Spanish red, China lake, and carthamin. (c) An orange-red dyestuff prepared from certain nitro compounds of creosol, and used as a substitute for the safflower dye.

SAFRANINE Saf"ra*nine ( or ), n. Etym: [So called because used as a substitute for safranin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff produced artificailly by oxidizing certain aniline derivatives, and used in dyeing silk and wool; also, any one of the series of which safranine proper is the type.

SAG Sag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Sagging.] Etym: [Akin to Sw. sacka to settle, sink down, LG.sacken, D. zakken. Cf. Sink, v. i.]

1. To sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied pressure, below a horizontal line or plane; as, a line or cable supported by its ends sags, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room sags; hence, to lean, give way, or settle from a vertical position; as, a building may sag one way or another; a door sags on its hinges.

2. Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink; to droop; to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be unsettled or unbalanced. [R.] the mind I sway by, and the heart I bear, Shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear. Shak.

3. To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or droop heavily. To sag to leeward (Naut.), to make much leeway by reason of the wind, sea, or current; to drift to leeward; — said of a vessel. Totten.

SAG Sag, v. t.

Defn: To cause to bend or give way; to load.

SAG Sag, n.

Defn: State of sinking or bending; sagging.

SAGA Sa"ga, n.; pl. Sagas. Etym: [Icel., akin to E. saw a saying. See Say, and cf. Saw.]

Defn: A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or mythic tradition, among the Norsemen and kindred people; a northern European popular historical or religious tale of olden time. And then the blue-eyed Norseman told A saga of the days of old. Longfellow.

SAGACIOUS Sa*ga"cious, a. Etym: [L. sagax, sagacis, akin to sagire to perceive quickly or keenly, and probably to E. seek. See Seek, and cf. Presage.]

1. Of quick sense perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in following a trail. Sagacious of his quarry from so far. Milton.

2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of keen penetration and judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing; far-sighted; shrewd; sage; wise; as, a sagacious man; a sagacious remark. Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious above our apprehension. Dr. H. More. Only sagacious heads light on these observations, and reduce them into general propositions. Locke.

Syn. — See Shrewd. — Sa*ga"cious*ly, adv. — Sa-ga"cious*ness, n.

SAGACITY Sa*gac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sagacitas. See Sagacious.]

Defn: The quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with soundness of judgment; shrewdness. Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell. Cowper. Natural sagacity improved by generous education. V. Knox.

Syn. — Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness. — Sagacity, Penetration. Penetration enables us to enter into the depths of an abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc. Sagacity adds to penetration a keen, practical judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of others, and to turn everything to the best possible advantage.

SAGAMORE Sag"a*more, n.

1. Etym: [Cf. Sachem.]

Defn: The head of a tribe among the American Indians; a chief; — generally used as synonymous with sachem, but some writters distinguished between them, making the sachem a chief of the first rank, and a sagamore one of the second rank. "Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow." Longfellow.

2. A juice used in medicine. [Obs.] Johnson.

SAGAPEN Sag"a*pen, n.

Defn: Sagapenum.

SAGAPENUM Sag`a*pe"num, n. Etym: [L. sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. sagapin, gomme sagapin, sagapénum, Ar. sikbinaj, Per. sakbinah, sikbinah.] (Med.)

Defn: A fetid gum resin obtained from a species of Ferula. It has been used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with. U. S. Disp.

SAGATHY Sag"a*thy, n. Etym: [F. sagatis: cf. Sp. sagatí, saetí.]

Defn: A mixed woven fabric of silk and cotton; or silk and wool; sayette; also, a light woolen fabric.

SAGE Sage, n. Etym: [OE. sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from salvus saved, in allusion to its reputed healing virtues. See Safe.] (Bot.) (a) A suffriticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage. (b) The sagebrush. Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of salvia (S. pratensis) growing in meadows in Europe. — Sage cheese, cheese flavored with sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spanish and other plants which are added to the milk. — Sage cock (Zoöl.), the male of the sage grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage grouse. — Sage green, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves of garden sage. — Sage grouse (Zoöl.), a very large American grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), native of the dry sagebrush plains of Western North America. Called also cock of the plains. The male is called sage cock, and the female sage hen. — Sage hare, or Sage rabbit (Zoöl.), a species of hare (Lepus Nuttalli, or artemisia) which inhabits the regions of Western North America and lives among sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of the common cottontail, or wood rabbit. — Sage hen (Zoöl.), the female of the sage grouse. Sage sparrow (Zoöl.), a small sparrow (Amphispiza Belli, var Nevadensis) which inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living among sagebrush. — Sage thrasher (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes montanus) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western North America. — Sage willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a low bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.

SAGE Sage, a. [Compar. Sager; superl. Sagest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. sapius (only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr. sapere to be wise; perhaps akin to E. sap. Cf. Savor, Sapient, Insipid.]

1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; sagacious. All you sage counselors, hence! Shak.

2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the purpose. Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of sage advice, counseled the general to retreat. Milton.

3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] "[Great bards.] in sage and solemn tunes have sung." Milton.

Syn. — Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.

SAGE Sage, n.

Defn: A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher. At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come, And guides the Eastern sages. Milton.

SAGEBRUSH Sage"brush`, n.

Defn: A low irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of the order Compositæ, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline regions of the American plains; — called also sagebush, and wild sage.

SAGEBRUSH STATE Sagebrush State.

Defn: Nevada; — a nickname.

SAGELY Sage"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sage manner; wisely.

SAGENE Sa*gene", n. Etym: [Russ. sajene.]

Defn: A Russian measure of length equal to about seven English feet.

SAGENESS Sage"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity. Ascham.

SAGENITE Sag"e*nite, n. Etym: [F. sagénite, fr. L. sagena a large net. See Saine.] (Min.)

Defn: Acicular rutile occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in quartz.

SAGENITIC Sag`e*nit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Resembling sagenite; — applied to quartz when containing acicular crystals of other minerals, most commonly rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.

SAGGER Sag"ger, n. Etym: [See Segger.]

1. A pot or case of fire clay, in which fine stoneware is inclosed while baking in the kiln; a segga.

2. The clay of which such pots or cases are made.

SAGGING Sag"ging, n.

Defn: A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.

SAGINATE Sag"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. saginatus, p.p. of saginare to fat, fr. sagina stuffing.]

Defn: To make fat; to pamper. [R.] "Many a saginated boar." Cowper.

SAGINATION Sag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. saginatio.]

Defn: The act of fettening or pampering. [R.] Topsell.

SAGITTA Sa*git"ta, n. Etym: [L., an arrow.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation north of Aquila; the Arrow.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The keystone of an arch. [R.] gwitt.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The distance from a point in a curve to the chord; also, the versed sine of an arc; — so called from its resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and string. [Obs.]

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The larger of the two otoliths, or ear bones, found in most fishes.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent, free-swimming marine worms having lateral and caudal fins, and capable of swimming rapidly. It is the type of the class Chætognatha.

SAGITTAL Sag"it*tal, a. Etym: [L. sagitta an arrow: cf. F. saguttal.]

1. Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; furnished with an arowlike appendage.

2. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the sagittal suture; in the region of the sagittal suture; rabdoidal; as, the sagittal furrow, or groove, on the inner surface of the roof of the skull. (b) In the mesial plane; as, a sagittal section of an animal. Sagittal suture (Anat.), the suture between the two parietal bones in the top of the skull; — called also rabdoidal suture, and interparietal suture.

SAGITTARIUS Sag`it*ta"ri*us, n. Etym: [L., literally, an archer, fr. sagittarius belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.] (Astron.) (a) The ninth of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about November 22, marked thus [&sagittarius;] in almanacs; the Archer. (b) A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps and globes as a centaur shooting an arrow.

SAGITTARY Sag"it*ta"ry, n. Etym: [See Sagittarius.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver. Shak.

2. The Arsenal in Venice; — so called from having a figure of an archer over the door. Shak.

SAGITTARY Sag"it*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sagittarius.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an arrow. Sir T. Browne.

SAGITTATE Sag"it*tate, a. Etym: [NL. sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an arrow.]

Defn: Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal angles prolonged downward.

SAGITTATED Sag"it*ta`ted, a.

Defn: Sagittal; sagittate.

SAGITTOCYST Sag"it*to*cyst, n. Etym: [See Sagitta, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain Turbellaria.

SAGO Sa"go, n. Etym: [Malay. sagu.]

Defn: A dry granulated starch imported from the East Indies, much used for making puddings and as an article of diet for the sick; also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from the stems of several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly from the Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous plants (Cycas revoluta, Zamia integrifolia, atc.). Portland sago, a kind of sago prepared from the corms of the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). — Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm tree which yields sago. (b) A species of Cycas (Cycas revoluta). — Sago spleen (Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen, produced by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section shows scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of sago.

SAGOIN Sa*goin", n. Etym: [F. sagouin(formed from the native South American name).] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marmoset; — called also sagouin.

SAGUM Sa"gum, n.; pl. Saga. Etym: [L. sagum, sagus; cf. Gr. Say a kind of serge.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The military cloak of the Roman soldiers.

SAGUS sa"gus, n. Etym: [NL. See Sago.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms from which sago is obtained.

SAGY Sa"gy, a.

Defn: Full of sage; seasoned with sage.

SAHIB; SAHEB Sa"hib, sa"heb, n. Etym: [Ar. çahib master, lord, fem. çahibah.]

Defn: A respectful title or appelation given to Europeans of rank. [India]

SAHIBAH Sa"hi*bah, n. Etym: [See Sahib.]

Defn: A lady; mistress. [India]

SAHIDIC Sa*hid"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Thebaic.

SAHLITE Sah"lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Salite.

SAHUI Sa*hui", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marmoset.

SAI Sa"i, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. sahi.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Capuchin, 3 (a).

SAIBLING Sai"bling, n. Etym: [Dial. G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European mountain trout (Salvelinus alpinus); — called also Bavarian charr.

SAIC Sa"ic, n. Etym: [F. saïque, turk. shaïka.] (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of ketch very common in the Levant, which has neither topgallant sail nor mizzen topsail.

SAID Said,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Say.

SAID Said, a.

Defn: before-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid; — used chiefly in legal style.

SAIGA Sai"ga, n. Etym: [Russ. saika.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An antelope (Saiga Tartarica) native of the plains of Siberia and Eastern Russia. The male has erect annulated horns, and tufts of long hair beneath the eyes and ears.

SAIKYR Sai"kyr, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Saker. [Obs.]

SAIL Sail, n. Etym: [OE. seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to D. zeil, OHG. segal, G. & Sw. segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil. sq. root 153.]

1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels through the water. Behoves him now both sail and oar. Milton.

2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.

3. A wing; a van. [Poetic] Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails. Spenser .

4. the extended surface of the arm of a windmill.

5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.

Note: In this sense, the plural has usually the same forms as the singular; as, twenty sail were in sight.

6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the water.

Note: Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square sails. Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech. Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily square. See Phrases under Fore, a., and Square, a.; also, Bark, Brig, Schooner, Ship, Stay. Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting sails aloft for bending. — Sail fluke (Zoöl.), the whiff. — Sail hook, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the seams square. — Sail loft, a loft or room where sails are cut out and made. — Sail room (Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are stowed when not in use. — Sail yard (Naut.), the yard or spar on which a sail is extended. — Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast. — To crowd sail. (Naut.) See under Crowd. — To loose sails (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails. — To make sail (Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of sail. — To set a sail (Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the wind. — To set sail (Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage. — To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part. — To strike sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge inferiority; to abate pretension. — Under sail, having the sails spread.

SAIL Sail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sailing.] Etym: [AS. segelian, seglian. See Sail, n.]

1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power.

2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water fowl.

3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they sailed from London to Canton.

4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.

5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird. As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air. Shak.

SAIL Sail, v. t.

1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey upon(the water) by means of steam or other force. A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea. Dryden.

2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through. Sublime she sails The aërial space, and mounts the winged gales. Pope.

3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's own ship. Totten.

SAILABLE Sail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being sailed over; navigable; as, a sailable river.

SAILBOAT Sail"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat propelled by a sail or sails.

SAILCLOTH Sail"cloth`, n.

Defn: Duck or canvas used in making sails.

SAILER Sail"er, n.

1. A sailor. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. A ship or other vessel; — with qualifying words descriptive of speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer.

SAILFISH Sail"fish, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The banner fish, or spikefish (Histiophorus.) (b) The basking, or liver, shark. (c) The quillback.

SAILING Sail"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of starting on a voyage.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The art of managing a vessel; seamanship; navigation; as, globular sailing; oblique sailing.

Note: For the several methods of sailing, see under Circular, Globular, Oblique, Parallel, etc. Sailing master (U. S. Navy), formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next below a lieutenant, whose duties were to navigate the vessel; and under the direction of the executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold, to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of master in 1862.

SAILLESS Sail"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of sails. Pollok.

SAILMAKER Sail"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make or repair sails. — Sail"mak`ing, n.

SAILOR Sail"or, n.

Defn: One who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels; one who understands the practical management of ships; one of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.

Syn. — Mariner; seaman; seafarer. Sailor's choice. (Zoöl.) (a) An excellent marine food fish (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides) of the Southern United States; — called also porgy, squirrel fish, yellowtail, and salt-water bream. (b) A species of grunt (Orthopristis, or Pomadasys, chrysopterus), an excellent food fish, common on the southern coasts of the United States; — called also hogfish, and pigfish.

SAILY Sail"y, a.

Defn: Like a sail. [R.] Drayton.

SAIM Saim, n. Etym: [OF. sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina a fattening.]

Defn: Lard; grease. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SAIMIR Sai*mir", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The squirrel monkey.

SAIN Sain, obs. p. p. of Say, for sayen.

Defn: Said. Shak.

SAIN Sain, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Saint, Sane.]

Defn: To sanctify; to bless so as to protect from evil influence. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

SAINFOIN Sain"foin, n. Etym: [F., fr. sain wholesome (L. sanus; see Sane.) + foin hay (L. fænum); or perh. fr. saint sacred (L. sanctus; see Saint) + foin hay.] (Bot.) (a) A leguminous plant (Onobrychis sativa) cultivated for fodder. [Written also saintfoin.] (b) A kind of tick trefoil (Desmodium Canadense). [Canada]

SAINT Saint, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. santcus sacred, properly p.p. of sancire to render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to sacer sacred. Cf. Sacred, Sanctity, Sanctum, Sanctus.]

1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated to God. Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints. 1 Cor. i. 2.

2. One of the blessed in heaven. Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure Far separate, circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing. Milton.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.] Saint Andrew's cross (a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under Cross. (b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub (Ascyrum Crux-Andræ, the petals of which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross. Gray. — Saint Anthony's cross, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6, under Cross. — Saint Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; — popularly so called because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of Saint Anthony. — Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium flexuosum); — so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. — Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.), the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr. Prior. — Saint Barnaby's thistle (Bot.), a kind of knapeweed (Centaurea solstitialis) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior. — Saint Bernard (Zoöl.), a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust. under Dog. — Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.), the plant love-a-mist. See under Love. — Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil joints of crinoid stems. — Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dabæcia polifolia), named from an Irish saint. — Saint Distaff's Day. See under Distaff. — Saint Elmo's fire, a luminious, flamelike appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the yardams. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena, or a Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux, or a double Corposant. It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. — Saint George's cross (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a field argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. — Saint George's ensign, a red cross on a white field with a union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; — called also the white ensign. Brande & C. — Saint George's flag, a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command of an admiral. [Eng.] Brande & C. — Saint Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of soda-lime plate glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where it was manufactured. — Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.), the seed of a tree of the Philippines (Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the nux vomica. — Saint Jame's shell (Zoöl.), a pecten (Vola Jacobæus) worn by piligrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under Scallop. — Saint Jame's wort (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa). — Saint John's bread. (Bot.) See Carob. — Saint John's-wort (Bot.), any plant of the genus Hypericum, most species of which have yellow flowers; — called also John's-wort. — Saint Leger, the name of a race for three-year-old horses run annually in September at Doncaster, England; — instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger. — Saint Martin's herb (Bot.), a small tropical American violaceous plant (Sauvagesia erecta). It is very mucilaginous and is used in medicine.

— Saint Martin's summer, a season of mild, damp weather frequently prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean countries; — so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America. Shak. Whitier. — Saint Patrick's cross. See Illust 4, under Cross. — Saint Patrick's Day, the 17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland. — Saint Peter's fish. (Zoöl.) See John Dory, under John. — Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several plants, as Hypericum Ascyron, H. quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc. — Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia), having long slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in spring. — Saint's bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus. — Saint Vitus's dance (Med.), chorea; — so called from the supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.

SAINT Saint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sainting.]

Defn: To make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of the pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to (some one). A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified, though never sainted. Addison. To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety. Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Shak.

SAINT Saint, v. i.

Defn: To act or live as a saint. [R.] Shak.

SAINTDOM Saint"dom, n.

Defn: The state or character of a saint. [R.] Tennyson.

SAINTED Saint"ed, a.

1. Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious. "A most sainted king." Shak. Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats. Milton.

2. Entered into heaven; — a euphemism for dead.

SAINTESS Saint"ess, n.

Defn: A female saint. [R.] Bp. Fisher.

SAINTHOOD Saint"hood, n.

1. The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint. Walpole.

2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints, considered collectively. It was supposed he felt no call to anu expedition that might sainthood. Sir W. Scott.

SAINTISH Saint"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat saintlike; — used ironically.

SAINTISM Saint"ism, n.

Defn: The character or quality of saints; also, hypocritical pretense of holiness. Wood.

SAINTLIKE Saint"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint; saintly. Glossed over only with a saintlike show. Dryden.

SAINTLINESS Saint"li*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being saintly.

SAINTLY Saint"ly, a. [Compar. Saintlier; superl. Saintliest.]

Defn: Like a saint; becoming a holy person. So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity. Milton.

SAINTOLOGIST Saint*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Saint + -logy + -ist.] (Theol.)

Defn: One who writes the lives of saints. [R.]

SAINTSHIP Saint"ship, n.

Defn: The character or qualities of a saint.

SAINT-SIMONIAN Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an, n.

Defn: A follower of the Count de St. Simon, who died in 1825, and who maintained that the principle of property held in common, and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils which exist. Brande & C.

SAINT-SIMONIANISM Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The principles, doctrines, or practice of the Saint-Simonians; — called also Saint-Simonism.

SAINT-SIMONISM Saint-Si"mon*ism, n.

Defn: A system of socialism in which the state owns all the property and the laborer is entitled to share according to the quality and amount of his work, founded by Saint Simon (1760-1825).

SAITH Saith,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say. [Archaic]

SAITHE Saithe, n. Etym: [Gael. saoidheam.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pollock, or coalfish; — called also sillock. [Scot.]

SAIVA Sai"va ( or ), n. Etym: [Skr. çaiva devoted to Siva.]

Defn: One of an important religious sect in India which regards Siva with peculiar veneration.

SAIVISM Sai"vism, n.

Defn: The worship of Siva.

SAJENE Sa*jene", n.

Defn: Same as Sagene.

SAJOU Sa"jou (; F. , n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sapajou.

SAKE Sake, n. Etym: [OE. sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. sacu strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak cause, thing, affair, G. sache thing, cause in law, OHG. sahha, Icel. sök, Sw. sak, Dan. sag, Goth. sakj strife, AS. sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakan, Icel. saka to contend, strive, blame, OHG. sahhan, MHG. sachen, to contend, strive, defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and also to E. seek. Cf. Seek.]

Defn: Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason; interest; concern; account; regard or respect; — used chiefly in such phrases as, for the sake, for his sake, for man's sake, for mercy's sake, and the like; as, to commit crime for the sake of gain; to go abroad for the sake of one's health. Moved with wrath and shame and ladies; sake. Spenser. I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. viii. 21. Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite Milton. Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is sometimes omitted for euphony; as, for goodness sake. "For conscience sake." 1 Cor. x. 28. The plural sakes is often used with a possessive plural. "For both our sakes." Shak.

SAKER Sa"ker, n. Etym: [F. sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp. & Pg. sacre), either fr. L. sacer sacred, holy, as a translation of Gr. hawk.] [Written also sacar, sacre.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A falcon (Falco sacer) native of Southern Europe and Asia, closely resembling the lanner.

Note: The female is called chargh, and the male charghela, or sakeret. (b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A small piece of artillery. Wilhelm. On the bastions were planted culverins and sakers. Macaulay. The culverins and sakers showing their deadly muzzles over the rampart. Hawthorne.

SAKERET Sa"ker*et, n. Etym: [F. sacret. See Saker.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: The male of the saker (a).

SAKI Sa"ki, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Pg. saki; probably from the native name.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Pithecia. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail which is not prehensile.

Note: The black saki (Pithecia satanas), the white-headed (P.leucocephala), and the red-backed, or hand-drinking, saki (P.chiropotes), are among the best-known.

SAKI Sa"ki, n.

Defn: The alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.sake

SAKIEH; SAKIYEH Sak"i*eh, Sak"i*yeh, n. [Ar. saqiah canal, trench.]

Defn: A kind of water wheel used in Egypt for raising water, from wells or pits, in buckets attached to its periphery or to an endless rope.

SAKTI Sak"ti, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The divine energy, personified as the wife of a deity (Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female principle.

SAL Sal (sall), n. Etym: [Hind. s\'bel, Skr. ç\'bela.] (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian timber tree (Shorea robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light brown color, close-grained, and durable. [Written also saul.]

SAL Sal (sâl), n. Etym: [L. See Salt.] (Chem. & Pharm.)

Defn: Salt. Sal absinthii Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure potassium carbonate obtained from the ashes of wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium). — Sal acetosell\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel. — Sal alembroth. (Old Chem.) See Alembroth. — Sal ammoniac (Chem.), ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a white crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste, obtained from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed as a source of ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in bronchitis. So called because originally made from the soot from camel's dung at the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also muriate of ammonia. — Sal catharticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts. — Sal culinarius Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium chloride. — Sal Cyrenaicus. Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal ammoniac above. — Sal de duobus, Sal duplicatum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), potassium sulphate; — so called because erroneously supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and one alkaline. — Sal diureticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate. — Sal enixum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate. — Sal gemm\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native. — Sal Jovis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride; — the alchemical name of tin being Jove. — Sal Martis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or ferrous sulphate; — the alchemical name of iron being. Mars. — Sal microcosmicum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic salt, under Microcosmic. — Sal plumbi Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead. — Sal prunella. (Old Chem.) See Prunella salt, under 1st Prunella. — Sal Saturni Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead acetate; — the alchemical name of lead being Saturn. — Sal sedativus Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or boric acid. — Sal Seignette Etym: [F. seignette, sel de seignette] (Chem.), Rochelle salt. — Sal soda (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under Sodium. — Sal vitrioli Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc sulphate. — Sal volatile. Etym: [NL.] (a) (Chem.) See Sal ammoniac, above. (b) Spirits of ammonia.

SALAAM Sa*laam", n.

Defn: Same as Salam. Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the exciseman just as he was folding up that letter. Prof. Wilson.

SALAAM Sa*laam", v. i.

Defn: To make or perform a salam. I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.

SALABILITY Sal`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being salable; salableness. Duke of Argyll.

SALABLE Sal"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Sale.]

Defn: Capable of being sold; fit to be sold; finding a ready market. — Sal"a*ble*ness, n. — Sal"a*bly, adv.

SALACIOUS Sa*la"cious, n. Etym: [L. salax, -acis, fond of leaping, lustful, fr. salire to leap. See Salient.]

Defn: Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous. Dryden. — Sa*la"cious*ly, dv. — Sa*la"cious*ness, n.

SALACITY Sa*lac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. salacitas: cf. F. salacité]

Defn: Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.

SALAD Sal"ad, n. Etym: [F. salade, OIt. salata, It. insalata, fr. salare to salt, fr. L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Slaw.]

1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc. Leaves eaten raw termed salad. I. Watts.

2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad. Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba), sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.

SALADE Sal"ade, n.

Defn: A helmet. See Sallet.

SALADING Sal"ad*ing, n.

Defn: Vegetable for salad.

SALAERATUS Sal`æ*ra"tus, n.

Defn: See Saleratus.

SALAGANE Sal"a*gane, n. Etym: [From the Chinese name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The esculent swallow. See under Esculent.

SALAL-BERRY Sal"al-ber`ry, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of the Gaultheria Shallon, an ericaceous shrub found from California northwards. The berries are about the size of a common grape and of a dark purple color.

SALAM Sa*lam (sa*läm"), n. Etym: [Ar. salam peace, safety.]

Defn: A salutation or compliment of ceremony in the east by word or act; an obeisance, performed by bowing very low and placing the right palm on the forehead. [Written also salaam.]

SALAMANDER Sal"a*man`der, n. Etym: [F. salamandre, L. salamandra, Gr. samander, samandel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Urodela, belonging to Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their habits.

Note: The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it by the natural coldness of its body. I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this two and thirty years. Shak. Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth immediately. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States.

3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.

4. A large poker. [prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: Solidofied material in a furnace hearth. Giant salamander. (Zoöl.) See under Giant. — Salamander's hair or wool (Min.), a species of asbestus or mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.

SALAMANDRINA Sal`a*man*dri"na, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Urodela, comprising salamanders.

SALAMANDRINE Sal`a*man"drine, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring fire. Addison.

SALAMANDROID Sal`a*man"droid, a Etym: [Salamander + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the salamanders.

SALAMANDROIDEA sal`a*man*droi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Amphibia including the Salamanders and allied groups; the Urodela.

SALAMSTONE Sal"am*stone` ( or ), n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of blue sapphire brought from Ceylon. Dana.

SALANGANA Sa*lan"ga*na, n.

Defn: The salagane.

SALARIED Sal"a*ried, a.

Defn: Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached; as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.

SALARY Sal"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. salarius.]

Defn: Saline [Obs.]

SALARY Sal"a*ry, n.; pl. Salaries. Etym: [F. salarie, L. salarium, originally, salt money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was a part of thir pay, fr. salarius belonging to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt.]

Defn: The recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid, to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire. This is hire and salary, not revenge. Shak.

Note: Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short intervals, as a day or week, is usually called wages.

Syn. — Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.

SALARY Sal"a*ry v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salaried; p. pr. & vb. n. Salarying.]

Defn: To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as, to salary a clerk; to salary a position.

SALE Sale, n.

Defn: See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.

SALE Sale, n. Etym: [Icel. sala, sal, akin to E.sell. See Sell, v. t.]

1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a price in money.

2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market. They shall have ready sale for them. Spenser.

3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market; auction. Sir W. Temple. Bill of sale. See under Bill. — Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be bought or sold; offered to purchasers; in the market. — To set to sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make merchandise of. [Obs.] Milton.

SALEABLE; SALEABLY Sale"a*ble, a., Sale"a*bly, adv., etc.

Defn: See Salable, Salably, etc.

SALEB Sal"eb, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Salep.

SALEBROSITY Sal`e*bros"i*ty, n.

Defn: Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.] Feltham.

SALEBROUS Sal"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. salebosus, fr. salebra a rugged road, fr. salire to leap.]

Defn: Rough; rugged. [Obs.]

SALEP Sal"ep, n. Etym: [Ar. sahleb, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word for fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's testicles: cf. F. salep.] [Written also saleb, salop, and saloop.]

Defn: The dried tubers of various species of Orchis, and Eulophia. It is used to make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered preparation with hot water. U. S. Disp.

SALERATUS Sal`e*ra"tus, n. Etym: [NL. sal aëratus; — so called because it is a source of fixed air (carbon dioxide). See Sal, and and Aërated.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Aërated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under Sodium.) It is lagerly used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast. It is also an ingridient of most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.

SALESMAN Sales"man, n.; pl. Salesmen. Etym: [Sale + man.]

Defn: One who sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

SALESWOMAN Sales"wom`an, n.; pl. Saleswomen (.

Defn: A woman whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

SALEWORK Sale"work`, n.

Defn: Work or things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or slightingly. Shak.

SALIAN Sa"lian, a.

Defn: Denoting a tribe of Franks who established themselves early in the fourth century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic. — n.

Defn: A Salian Frank.

SALIANT Sa"li*ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Salient.

SALIAUNCE Sal"i*aunce, a. Etym: [See Sally.]

Defn: Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] "So fierce saliaunce." Spenser.

SALIC Sal"ic, a. Etym: [F. salique, fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the fifth century, formed a body of laws called in latin leges Salicæ.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so called. [Also salique.] Salic law. (a) A code of laws formed by the Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of this code women were excluded from the inheritance of landed property. (b) Specifically, in modern times, a law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the throne. This law has obtained in France, and at times in other countries of Europe, as Spain.

SALICACEOUS Sal`i*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, the willow.]

Defn: Belonging or relating to the willow.

SALICIN Sal"i*cin, n. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, a willow: cf. F. salicine. See Sallow the tree.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the leaves of several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.salicyl alcohol glucoside, salicyl alcohol b-D- glucopyranoside, saligenin b-D-glucopyranoside, C13H18O7. It is used in biochemistry as a standard substrate for evaluating the potency of b-glucosidase in enzymatic preparations. It is also an analgesic.

SALICYL Sal"i*cyl, n. Etym: [Salicin + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid and of certain related compounds.

SALICYLAL Sal"i*cyl`al, n. Etym: [Salicylic + aldehide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A thin, fragrant, colorless oil, HO.C6H4.CHO, found in the flowers of meadow sweet (Spiræa), and also obtained by oxidation of saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also salycylol, salicylic aldehyde, and formerly salicylous, or spiroylous, acid.

SALICYLATE Sal"i*cyl`ate (-ayt), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of salicylic acid.