P P (pe), (continued 8)

3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as, personally I have no feeling in the matter.

PERSONALTY Per"son*al*ty, n.

1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.]

2. (Law)

Defn: Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real property.

PERSONATE Per"son*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personated; p. pr. & vb. n. Personating.] Etym: [L. personare to cry out, LL., to extol. See Person.]

Defn: To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.] In fable, hymn, or song so personating Their gods ridiculous. Milton.

PERSONATE Per"son*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr. persona a mask. See Person.]

1. To assume the character of; to represent by a fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; as, he tried to personate his brother; a personated devotion. Hammond.

2. To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A personated mate." Milton.

3. To personify; to typify; to describe. Shak.

PERSONATE Per"son*ate, v. i.

Defn: To play or assume a character.

PERSONATE Per"son*ate, a. Etym: [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.

PERSONATION Per`son*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of personating, or conterfeiting the person or character of another.

PERSONATOR Per"son*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who personates. "The personators of these actions." B. Jonson.

PERSONEITY Per`son*e"i*ty, n.

Defn: Personality. [R.] Coleridge.

PERSONIFICATION Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. personnification.]

1. The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment. C. Knight.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality; prosopopas, the floods clap their hands. "Confusion heards his voice." Milton.

PERSONIFIER Per*son"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who personifies.

PERSONIFY Per*son"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personified; p. pr. & vb. n. Personifying.] Etym: [Person + -fy: cf. F. personnifier.]

1. To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a rational being. The poets take the liberty of personifying inanimate things. Chesterfield.

2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he personifies the law.

PERSONIZE Per"son*ize, v. t.

Defn: To personify. [R.] Milton has personized them. J. Richardson.

PERSONNEL Per`son`nel", n. Etym: [F. See Personal.]

Defn: The body of persons employed in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; — distinguished from matériel.

PERSPECTIVE Per*spec"tive, a. Etym: [L. perspicere, perspectum, to look through; per + spicere, specere, to look: cf. F. perspectif; or from E. perspective, n. See Spy, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of perspective. Perspective plane, the plane or surface on which the objects are delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of projection; — distinguished from the ground plane, which is that on which the objects are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the principal face of the object, the perspective is called oblique perspective; when parallel to that face, parallel perspective. — Perspective shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Solarium and allied genera. See Solarium.

PERSPECTIVE Per*spec"tive, n. Etym: [F. perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It. perspettiva. See Perspective, a.]

1. A glass through which objects are viewed. [Obs.] "Not a perspective, but a mirror." Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista. "The perspective of life." Goldsmith.

3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable distance. Hence, aërial perspective, the assumed greater vagueness or uncertainty of outline in distant objects. Aërial perspective is the expression of space by any means whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc. Ruskin.

4. The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; — called also linear perspective.

5. A drawing in linear perspective. Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube. — Perspective glass, a telescope which shows objects in the right position.

PERSPECTIVELY Per*spec"tive*ly, adv.

1. Optically; as through a glass. [R.] You see them perspectively. Shak.

2. According to the rules of perspective.

PERSPECTOGRAPH Per*spec"to*graph, n. Etym: [L. perspectus (p.p. of perspicere to look through) + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.

PERSPECTOGRAPHY Per`spec*tog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The science or art of delineating objects according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.

PERSPICABLE Per"spi*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.]

Defn: Discernible. [Obs.] Herbert.

PERSPICACIOUS Per`spi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to look through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.]

1. Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.

2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen. — Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. — Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.

PERSPICACITY Per`spi*cac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacité. See Perspicacious.]

Defn: The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne.

PERSPICACY Per"spi*ca*cy, n.

Defn: Perspicacity. [Obs.]

PERSPICIENCE Per*spi"cience, n. Etym: [L. perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p.p. of perspicere. See Perspective.]

Defn: The act of looking sharply. [Obs.] Bailey.

PERSPICIL Per"spi*cil, n. Etym: [LL. perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look through.]

Defn: An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw.

PERSPICUITY Per`spi*cu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuité.]

1. The quality or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of expression or thought.

3. Sagacity; perspicacity.

Syn. — Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity; transparency. See Clearness.

PERSPICUOUS Per*spic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. perspicuus, from perspicere to look through. See Perspective.]

1. Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not opaque. [Obs.] Peacham.

2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood; clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a perspicuous writer; perspicuous statements. "The purpose is perspicuous." Shak. — Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. — Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n.

PERSPIRABILITY Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perspirable.

PERSPIRABLE Per*spir"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perspirable.]

1. Capable of being perspired. Sir T. Browne.

2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon.

PERSPIRATION Per`spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perspiration.]

1. The act or process of perspiring.

2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.

Note: A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24 hours about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400 grains of carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is not apparent, and the excretion is then termed insensible perspiration.

PERSPIRATIVE Per*spir"a*tive, a.

Defn: Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.

PERSPIRATORY Per*spir"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; as, the perspiratory ducts.

PERSPIRE Per*spire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perspired; p. pr. & vb. n. Perspiring.] Etym: [L. perspirare to breathe through; per + spirare. See Per-, and Spirit.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.

2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the skin; as, a fluid perspires.

PERSPIRE Per*spire", v. t.

Defn: To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to excrete through pores. Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of turpentine. Smollett.

PERSTREPEROUS Per*strep"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. perstrepere to make a great noise.]

Defn: Noisy; obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford.

PERSTRINGE Per*stringe", v. t. Etym: [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind up, to touch upon.]

1. To touch; to graze; to glance on. [Obs.]

2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn.

PERSUADABLE Per*suad"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be persuaded. — Per*suad"a*ble*ness, n. — Per*suad"a*bly, adv.

PERSUADE Per*suade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Persuading.] Etym: [L. persuadere, persuasum; per + suadere to advise, persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per-, and Suasion.]

1. To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty, expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by presenting sufficient motives. Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28. We will persuade him, be it possible. Shak.

2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent] Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you. 2 Kings xviii. 32.

3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from reflection, etc.; to cause to believe. Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. Heb. vi. 9.

4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. — To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice. See Convince.

PERSUADE Per*suade", v. i.

Defn: To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion. Shak.

PERSUADE Per*suade", n.

Defn: Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

PERSUADED Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a.

Defn: Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced. — Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. — Per*suad"ed*ness, n.

PERSUADER Per*suad"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, persuades or influences. "Powerful persuaders." Milton.

PERSUASIBILITY Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being persuaded. Hawthorne.

PERSUASIBLE Per*sua"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. L. persuasibilis persuasive, F. persuasible persuasible.]

1. Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.

2. Persuasive. [Obs.] Bale. — Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n. — Per*sua"si*bly, adv.

PERSUASION Per*sua"sion, n. Etym: [L. persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.]

1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a determination. For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion. Otway.

2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or conviction, which has been induced. If the general persuasion of all men does so account it. Hooker. My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes, That Heaven will weigh man's virtues and his crimes With nice attention. Cowper.

3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or system of opinions; as, of the same persuasion; all persuasions are agreed. Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political. Jefferson.

4. The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness. Is 't possible that my deserts to you Can lack persuasion Shak.

5. That which persuades; a persuasive. [R.]

Syn. — See Conviction.

PERSUASIVE Per*sua"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. persuasif.]

Defn: Tending to persuade; having the power of persuading; as, persuasive eloquence. "Persuasive words." Milton.

PERSUASIVE Per*sua"sive, n.

Defn: That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement; an exhortation. — Per*sua"sive*ly, adv. — Per*sua"sive*ness, n.

PERSUASORY Per*sua"so*ry, a.

Defn: Persuasive. Sir T. Browne.

PERSULPHATE Per*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate of the peroxide of any base. [R.]

PERSULPHIDE Per*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide containing more sulphur than some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a persulphide; — formerly called persulphuret.

PERSULPHOCYANATE Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of persulphocyanic acid. [R.]

PERSULPHOCYANIC Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline substance (called also perthiocyanic acid), analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur.

PERSULPHOCYANOGEN Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-yellow substance, produced by the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and sulphocyanate of potassium; — called also pseudosulphocyanogen, perthiocyanogen, and formerly sulphocyanogen.

PERSULPHURET Per*sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A persulphide. [Obs.]

PERT Pert, a. Etym: [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true, free, or impudent. See Apert.]

1. Open; evident; apert. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent. "A very pert manner." Addison. The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play. Cowper.

PERT Pert, v. i.

Defn: To behave with pertness. [Obs.] Gauden.

PERTAIN Per*tain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pertained; p. pr. & vb. n. Pertaining.] Etym: [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See Per-, and Tenable, and cf. Appertain, Pertinent.]

1. To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness pertains to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life. Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth not to them. Hayward.

2. To have relation or reference to something. These words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them at their time. Latimer.

PERTEREBRATION Per*ter`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. perterebratus, p.p. of perterebrare to bore through.]

Defn: The act of boring through. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

PERTHIOCYANOGEN Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Persulphocyanogen.

PERTHITE Perth"ite, n. Etym: [So called from Perth, in canada.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite and orthoclase, usually of different colors. — Per*thit"ic, a.

PERTINACIOUS Per`ti*na"cious, a.Etym: [L. pertinax, -acis; per + tenax tenacious. See Per-, and Tenacious.]

1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as, pertinacious plotters; a pertinacious beggar.

2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady. Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study. South.

Syn. — Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute; determined; firm; constant; steady. — Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv. — Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.

PERTINACITY Per`ti*nac"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pertinacité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency. Macaulay.

Syn. — See Obstinacy.

PERTINACY Per"ti*na*cy, n. Etym: [L. pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence. [Obs.]

PERTINACY Per"ti*na*cy, n. Etym: [L. pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See Pertinacious.]

Defn: Pertinacity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERTINATE Per"ti*nate, a.

Defn: Pertinacious. [Obs.]

PERTINATELY Per"ti*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: Pertinaciously. [Obs.]

PERTINENCE; PERTINENCY Per"ti*nence, Per"ti*nen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pertinence. See Pertinent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of relation to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; relevancy; suitableness. The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse. Bentley.

PERTINENT Per"ti*nent, a. Etym: [L. pertinens, -entis, p.pr. of pertinere: cf. F. pertinent. See Pertain.]

1. Belonging or related to the subject or matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way; adapted to the end proposed; apposite; material; relevant; as, pertinent illustrations or arguments; pertinent evidence.

2. Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining. [R.] "Pertinent unto faith." Hooker.

Syn. — Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate; fit. — Per"ti*nent*ly, adv. — Per"ti*nent*ness, n.

PERTLY Pert"ly, adv.

Defn: In a pert manner.

PERTNESS Pert"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pert.

PERTRANSIENT Per*tran"sient, a. Etym: [L. pertransiens, p.pr. of pertransire.]

Defn: Passing through or over. [R.]

PERTURB Per*turb", v. t. Etym: [L. perturbare, perturbatum; per + turbare to disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf. OF. perturber. See Per-, and Turbid.]

1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet. Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying. Chaucer.

2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PERTURBABILITY Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perturbable.

PERTURBABLE Per*turb"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be disturbed or disquieted.

PERTURBANCE Per*turb"ance, n.

Defn: Disturbance; perturbation. [R.] "Perturbance of the mind." Sharp.

PERTURBATE Per"tur*bate, v. t. Etym: [From L. perturbatus, p.p.]

Defn: To perturb. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PERTURBATE Per"tur*bate, a.

Defn: Perturbed; agitated. [R.]

PERTURBATION Per`tur*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.]

1. The act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp., agitation of mind.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of a heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which causes its regular motion; as, the perturbations of the planets are caused by their attraction on each other. Newcomb.

PERTURBATIONAL Per`tur*ba"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of the planets. "The perturbational theory." Sir J. Herschel.

PERTURBATIVE Per"tur*ba*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing. Sir J. Herschel.

PERTURBATOR Per"tur*ba`tor, n.

Defn: A perturber. [R.]

PERTURBED Per*turbed", a.

Defn: Agitated; disturbed; troubled. Shak. — Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.

PERTURBER Per*turb"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.

PERTUSATE Per*tus"ate, a. Etym: [See Pertuse.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pierced at the apex.

PERTUSE; PERTUSED Per*tuse", Per*tused", a. Etym: [L. pertusus, p.p. of pertundere to beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf. F. pertus. Cf. Pierce.]

Defn: Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.

PERTUSION Per*tu"sion, n. Etym: [L. pertusio.]

Defn: The act of punching or piercing with a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a vein. [R.] Arbuthnot.

2. A punched hole; a perforation. Bacon.

PERTUSSIS Per*tus"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.] (Med.)

Defn: The whooping cough.

PERUKE Per"uke, n. Etym: [F. perruque, It. perrucca, parrucca, fr. L. pilus hair. Cf. Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off, Plush, Pile a hair.]

Defn: A wig; a periwig.

PERUKE Per"uke, v. t.

Defn: To dress with a peruke. [R.]

PERULA Per"u*la, n.; pl. Perulæ. Etym: [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr. pérule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the scales of a leaf bud.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.

PERULE Per"ule, n.

Defn: Same as Perula.

PERUSAL Pe*rus"al, n. Etym: [From Peruse.]

1. The act of carefully viewing or examining. [R.] Tatler.

2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care. Woodward.

PERUSE Pe*ruse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perused; p. pr. & vb. n. Perusing.] Etym: [Pref. per- + use.]

1. To observe; to examine with care. [R.] Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed. Milton.

2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak.

PERUSER Pe*rus"er, n.

Defn: One who peruses.

PERUVIAN Pe*ru"vi*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. péruvien, Sp. peruviano.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America. — n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Peru. Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of Peru, under Balsam. — Peruvian bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; — called also Jesuit's bark, and cinchona. See Cinchona.

PERVADE Per*vade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pervading.] Etym: [L. pervadere, pervasum; per + vadere to go, to walk. See Per-, and Wade.]

1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate. That labyrinth is easily pervaded. Blackstone.

2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused throughout. A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their thoughts, words, and actions. Burke.

PERVASION Per*va"sion, n. Etym: [L. pervasio. See Pervade.]

Defn: The act of pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing. Boyle.

PERVASIVE Per*va"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a pervading quality. "Civilization pervasive and general." M. Arnold.

PERVERSE Per*verse", a. Etym: [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p.p. of pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F. pervers. See Pervert.]

1. Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted. The only righteous in a word perverse. Milton.

2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary. To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. Dryden.

Syn. — Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable; intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. — Perverse, Froward. One who is froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is perverse has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will of others.

PERVERSED Per*versed", a.

Defn: Turned aside. [Obs.]

PERVERSEDLY Per*vers"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Perversely. [Obs.]

PERVERSELY Per*verse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a perverse manner.

PERVERSENESS Per*verse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perverse. "Virtue hath some perverseness." Donne.

PERVERSION Per*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. perversio: cf. F. perversion. See Pervert.]

Defn: The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change to something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use. "Violations and perversions of the laws." Bacon.

PERVERSITY Per*ver"si*ty, n. Etym: [L. perversitas: cf. F. perversité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.

PERVERSIVE Per*ver"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to pervert.

PERVERT Per*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Perverting.] Etym: [F. pervertir, L. pervertere, perversum; per + vertere to turn. See Per-, and Verse.]

1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.] Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath. Shak.

2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words. Dryden. He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve. Milton.

PERVERT Per*vert", v. i.

Defn: To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.] Testament of Love.

PERVERT Per"vert, n.

Defn: One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error, especially in religion; — opposed to convert. See the Synonym of Convert. That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre. Thackeray.

PERVERTER Per*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who perverts (a person or thing). "His own parents his perverters." South. "A perverter of his law." Bp. Stillingfleet.

PERVERTIBLE Per*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perverted.

PERVESTIGATE Per*ves"ti*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. pervestigatus, p.p. of pervestigare.]

Defn: To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]

PERVESTIGATION Per*ves`ti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. pervestigatio.]

Defn: Thorough investigation. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

PERVIAL Per"vi*al, a. Etym: [See Pervious.]

Defn: Pervious. [Obs.] — Per"vi*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chapman.

PERVICACIOUS Per`vi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. pervicax, -acis.]

Defn: Obstinate; willful; refractory. [Obs.] — Per`vi*ca"cious*ly, adv. — Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, n. [Obs.]

PERVICACITY Per`vi*cac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.] Bentley.

PERVICACY Per"vi*ca*cy, n. Etym: [L. pervicacia.]

Defn: Pervicacity. [Obs.]

PERVIGILATION Per*vig`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.]

Defn: Careful watching. [Obs.]

PERVIOUS Per"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. pervis; per + via a way. See Per-, and Voyage.]

1. Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil. [Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way. Pope.

2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental vision. [R.] God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye. Jer. Taylor.

3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] Prior.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Open; — used synonymously with perforate, as applied to the nostrils or birds.

PERVIOUSNESS Per"vi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pervious; as, the perviousness of glass. Boyle.

PERVIS Per"vis, n.

Defn: See Parvis.

PERY Per"y, n.

Defn: A pear tree. See Pirie. [Obs.]

PES Pes, n.; pl. Pedes . Etym: [L., the foot.] (Anat.)

Defn: The distal segment of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.

PESADE Pe*sade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: The motion of a horse when, raising his fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing; rearing.

PESAGE Pes"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. peser to weigh.]

Defn: A fee, or toll, paid for the weighing of merchandise.

PESANE Pes"ane, n. (Anc. Armor.)

Defn: See Pusane.

PESANTED Pes"ant*ed, a. Etym: [F. pesant heavy.]

Defn: Made heavy or dull; debased. [Obs.] "Pesanted to each lewd thought's control." Marston.

PESCHITO Pe*schit"o, n.

Defn: See Peshito.

PESE Pese, n. Etym: [See Pea.]

Defn: A pea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PESETA Pe*se"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.

PESHITO; PESHITTO Pe*shit"o, Pe*shit"to, n. Etym: [Syriac peshîtâ simple.]

Defn: The earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament. [Written also peschito.]

PESKY Pes"ky, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.] Judd.

PESO Pe"so, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound weight.

PESSARY Pes"sa*ry, n.; pl. Pessaries. Etym: [L. pessarium, pessum, pessus, Gr. pessaire.] (Med.) (a) An instrument or device to be introduced into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass, designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.

PESSIMISM Pes"si*mism, n. Etym: [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf. F. pessimisme. Cf. Impair.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; — opposed to Ant: optimism.

2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.

PESSIMIST Pes"si*mist, n. Etym: [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; — opposed to Ant: optimist.

2. One who looks on the dark side of things.

PESSIMIST; PESSIMISTIC Pes"si*mist, Pes`si*mis"tic, a. (Metaph.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding. "Giving utterance to pessimistic doubt." Encyc. Brit.

PESSIMISTICAL Pes`si*mis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pessimistic.

PESSIMIZE Pes"si*mize, v. i.

Defn: To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism. London Sat. Rev.

PESSULUS Pes"su*lus, n.; pl. Pessuli. Etym: [L., a bolt.] (Anat.)

Defn: A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.

PEST Pest, n. Etym: [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]

1. A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague. England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest. Cowper.

2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A pest and public enemy." South.

PESTALOZZIAN Pes`ta*loz"zi*an, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary education which combined manual training with other instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi (1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. — n.

Defn: An advocate or follower of the system of Pestalozzi.

PESTALOZZIANISM Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.

PESTER Pes"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pestered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pestering.] Etym: [Abbrev. fr. impester, fr. OF. empaistrier, empestrer, to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. empêtrer; pref. em-, en- (L. in in) + LL. pastorium, pastoria, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging to a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In, and Pasture, Pastor.]

1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations. We are pestered with mice and rats. Dr. H. More. A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world. Dryden.

2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest. [Obs.] Milton. All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes. Holland.

PESTERER Pes"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who pesters or harasses.

PESTERMENT Pes"ter*ment, n.

Defn: The act of pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation; worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children." B. Franklin.

PESTEROUS Pes"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome. [Obs.] Bacon.

PESTFUL Pest"ful, a.

Defn: Pestiferous. "After long and pestful calms." Coleridge.

PESTHOUSE Pest`house", n.

Defn: A house or hospital for persons who are infected with any pestilential disease.

PESTIDUCT Pes"ti*duct, n. Etym: [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere to lead.]

Defn: That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.] Donne.

PESTIFEROUS Pes*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pestiferus, pestifer; pestis pest + ferre to bear: cf. F. pestifère.]

1. Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious; contagious; as, pestiferous bodies. "Poor, pestiferous creatures begging alms." Evelyn. "Unwholesome and pestiferous occupations." Burke.

2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful; destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue. Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held. Shak.

PESTIFEROUSLY Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pestiferuos manner.

PESTILENCE Pes"ti*lence, n. Etym: [F. pestilence, L. pestilentia. See Pestilent.]

1. Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating. The pestilence That walketh in darkness. Ps. xci. 6.

2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral character of great numbers. I'll pour this pestilence into his ear. Shak. Pestilence weed (Bot.), the butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris), so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague. Dr. Prior.

PESTILENT Pes"ti*lent, a. Etym: [L. pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis pest: cf. F. pestilent.]

Defn: Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt and pestilent." Milton. "What a pestilent knave is this same!" Shak.

PESTILENTIAL Pes`ti*len"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pestilentiel.]

1. Having the nature or qualities of a pestilence. "Sends the pestilential vapors." Longfellow.

2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive. So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin. Jer. Taylor.

PESTILENTIALLY Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: Pestilently.

PESTILENTIOUS Pes`ti*len"tious, a.

Defn: Pestilential. [Obs.]

PESTILENTLY Pes"ti*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively. "Above all measure pestilently noisome." Dr. H. More.

PESTILENTNESS Pes"ti*lent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being pestilent.

PESTILLATION Pes`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. pestillum, L. pistillum. See Pestle.]

Defn: The act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar. Sir T. Browne.

PESTLE Pes"tle, n. Etym: [OE. pestel, OF. pestel, LL. pestellum, L. pistillum, pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere, pinsere, to pound, crush, akin to Gr. pish. Cf. Pistil.]

1. An implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a mortar.

2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; — so called from its shape. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a pestle of pork.

PESTLE Pes"tle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pestled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pestling.]

Defn: To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as with a pestle; to use a pestle.

PET Pet, n. Etym: [Formerly peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael. peata.]

1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.

2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child. The love of cronies, pets, and favorites. Tatler.

3. Etym: [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a spoiled child.]

Defn: A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. "In a pet she started up." Tennyson.

PET Pet, a.

Defn: Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet lamb; a pet theory. Some young lady's pet curate. F. Harrison. Pet cock. Etym: [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to drain it.

PET Pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n. Petting.]

Defn: To treat as a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted and spoiled.

PET Pet, v. i.

Defn: To be a pet. Feltham.

PETAL Pet"al, n. Etym: [Gr. pétale. See Fathom.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See Corolla, and Illust. of Flower.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain Echini.

PETALED Pet"aled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having petals; as, a petaled flower; — opposed to Ant: apetalous, and much used in compounds; as, one-petaled, three- petaled, etc.

PETALIFEROUS Pet`al*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Petal + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing petals.

PETALIFORM Pe*tal"i*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a petal; petaloid; petal-shaped.

PETALINE Pet"al*ine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétalin.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a petal; attached to, or resembling, a petal.

PETALISM Pet"al*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. pétalisme.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans by which they banished for five years a citizen suspected of having dangerous influence or ambition. It was similar to the ostracism in Athens; but olive leaves were used instead of shells for ballots.

PETALITE Pet"al*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral, occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually white, or nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia.

PETALODY Pe*tal"o*dy, n. Etym: [Petal + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The metamorphosis of various floral organs, usually stamens, into petals.

PETALOID Pet"al*oid, a. Etym: [Petal + -oid: cf. F. pétaloïde.] (Bot.)

Defn: Petaline.

PETALOIDEOUS Pet`al*oid"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the whole or part of the perianth petaline. Petaloideous division, that division of endogenous plants in which the perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing the Liliaceæ, Orchidaceæ, Amaryllideæ, etc.

PETALOSTICHA Pet`a*los"ti*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See Spatangoid.

PETALOUS Pet"al*ous, a.

Defn: Having petals; petaled; — opposed to Ant: apetalous.

PETALUM Pet"a*lum, n.; pl. Petala. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A petal.

PETAR Pe*tar", n.

Defn: See Petard. [Obs.] "Hoist with his own petar." Shak.

PETARD Pe*tard", n. Etym: [F. pétard, fr. péter to break wind, to crack, to explode, L. pedere, peditum.] (Mil.)

Defn: A case containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.

PETARDEER; PETARDIER Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier", n. Etym: [F. pétardier.] (Mil.)

Defn: One who managed a petard.

PETASUS Pet"a*sus, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The winged cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks and Romans.

PETAURIST Pe*tau"rist, n. Etym: [L. petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. pétauriste.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus, Phalangista, Acrobata, and allied genera. See Flying mouse, under Flying, and Phalangister.

PETECHIAE Pe*tech"i*æ, n. pl.; sing. Petechia (. Etym: [NL., fr. LL. peteccia; cf. F. pétéchie, It. petecchia, Sp. petequia, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Small crimson, purple, or livid spots, like flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on the skin in malignant fevers, etc.

PETECHIAL Pe*tech"i*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétéchial, LL. petecchialis.] (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechiæ; spotted. Petechial fever, a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on the skin.

PETER Pe"ter, n.

Defn: A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles, Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers. — Peter Funk, the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] — Peter pence, or Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; — called also Rome scot, and hearth money. (b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope. — Peter's fish (Zoöl.), a haddock; — so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.

PETER Pet"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Petered; p. pr. & vb. n. Petering.] Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; — used generally with out; as, that mine has petered out. [Slang, U.S.]

PETEREL Pet"er*el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Petrel.

PETERERO Pet`e*re"ro, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Pederero.

PETERMAN Pe"ter*man, n.; pl. Petermen (.

Defn: A fisherman; — so called after the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term in Eng.] Chapman.

PETERSHAM Pe"ter*sham, n. Etym: [Named after Lord Petersham.]

Defn: A rough, knotted woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that material.

PETERWORT Pe"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Saint Peter's-wort, under Saint.

PETIOLAR; PETIOLARY Pet"i*o*lar, Pet"i*o*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétiolarie.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a petiolar tendril; growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a petiolar bud.

PETIOLATE; PETIOLATED Pet"i*o*late, Pet"i*o*la`ted, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a stalk or petiole; as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.

PETIOLE Pet"i*ole, n. Etym: [F. pétiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot, a fruit stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a foot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stalk or peduncle.

PETIOLED Pet"i*oled, a.

Defn: Petiolate.

PETIOLULATE Pet`i*ol"u*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Supported by its own petiolule. Gray.

PETIOLULE Pet"i*o*lule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétiolule.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small petiole, or the petiole of a leaflet.

PETIT Pet"it, a. Etym: [F. See Petty.]

Defn: Small; little; insignificant; mean; — Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal language.] By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold of and recover a vanishing notion. South. Petit constable, an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high constable. — Petit jury, a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes at the bar of a court; — so called in distinction from the grand jury. — Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of, or under, a certain specified small value; — opposed to grand larceny. The distinction is abolished in England. — Petit maître (. Etym: [F., lit., little master.] A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man. Goldsmith. — Petit serjeanty (Eng. Law), the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service of rendering annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag, etc. — Petit treason, formerly, in England, the crime of killing a person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not distinguished from murder.

PETITE Pe*tite", a. [F., fem. of petit.]

Defn: Small, little; of a woman or girl, of small size and trim figure.

PETITION Pe*ti"tion, n. Etym: [F. pétition, L. petitio, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. feather, or find.]

1. A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer. A house of prayer and petition for thy people. 1 Macc. vii. 37. This last petition heard of all her prayer. Dryden.

2. A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace or right; — in distinction from a memorial, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document. Petition of right (Law), a petition to obtain possession or restitution of property, either real or personal, from the Crown, which suggests such a title as controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W. — The Petition of Right (Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration of the rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.

PETITION Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petitioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Petitioning.]

Defn: To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition the court; to petition the governor. You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. Shak.

PETITION Pe*ti"tion, v. i.

Defn: To make a petition or solicitation.

PETITIONARILY Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of begging the question; by an assumption. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PETITIONARY Pe*ti"tion*a*ry, a.

1. Supplicatory; making a petition. Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen. Shak.

2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; as, a petitionary epistle. Swift.

PETITIONEE Pe*ti`tion*ee", n.

Defn: A person cited to answer, or defend against, a petition.

PETITIONER Pe*ti"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who presents a petition.

PETITIONING Pe*ti"tion*ing, n.

Defn: The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.

PETIT MAL Pe*tit" mal". [F., lit., little sickness.] (Med.)

Defn: The mildest form of epilepsy, with momentary faintness or unconsciousness, but without convulsions; — opposed to grand mal.

PETITOR Pet"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. petere to seek.]

Defn: One who seeks or asks; a seeker; an applicant. [R.] Fuller.

PETITORY Pet"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. petitorius, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask: cf. F. pétitore.]

Defn: Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating. Sir W. Hamilton. Petitory suit or action (Admiralty Law), a suit in which the mere title to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a suit wherein the plaintiff claims something as due him by the defendant. Burrill.

PETONG Pe*tong", n. (Metal.)

Defn: See Packfong.

PETRALOGY Pe*tral"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Petrology.

PETRARY Pet"ra*ry, n. Etym: [L. petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E. Pederero.]

Defn: An ancient war engine for hurling stones.

PETRE Pe"tre, n.

Defn: See Saltpeter.

PETREAN Pe*tre"an, a. Etym: [L. petraeus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to to rock. G. S. Faber.

PETREL Pe"trel, n. Etym: [F. pétrel; a dim. of the name Peter, L. Petrus, Gr. John i.42); — probably so called in allusion to St.Peter's walking on the sea. See Petrify.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family Procellaridæ. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to Oceanites, Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several allied genera. Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit the southern hemisphere. — Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See Fulmar. — Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. — Pintado petrel, any one of several small petrels, especially Procellaria pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic.

PETRESCENCE Pe*tres"cence, n.

Defn: The process of changing into stone; petrification.

PETRESCENT Pe*tres"cent, a. Etym: [L. petra rock, stone, Gr.

Defn: Petrifying; converting into stone; as, petrescent water. Boyle.

PETRIFACTION Pet`ri*fac"tion, n. Etym: [See Petrify.]

1. The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness.

2. The state or condition of being petrified.

3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation.

4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. "Petrifaction of the soul." Cudworth.

PETRIFACTIVE Pet`ri*fac"tive, a.

1. Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone; petrifying.

2. Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction. The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard bodies. Sir T. Browne.

PETRIFIC Pe*trif"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétrifique.]

Defn: Petrifying; petrifactive. Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry. Milton.

PETRIFICATE Pet"ri*fi*cate, v. t.

Defn: To petrify. [Obs.] Our hearts petrificated were. J. Hall (1646).

PETRIFICATION Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétrification. See Petrify.]

1. See Petrifaction.

2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness. Hallywell.

PETRIFY Pet"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petrified; p. pr. & vb. n. Petrifying.] Etym: [L. petra rock, Gr. -fy: cf. F. pétrifier. Cf. Parrot, Petrel, Pier.]

1. To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance. A river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves. Kirwan.

2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrifaction; as, to petrify the heart. Young. "Petrifying accuracy." Sir W. Scott. And petrify a genius to a dunce. Pope. The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was doing. De Quincey. A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your volition. G. Eliot.

PETRIFY Pet"ri*fy, v. i.

1. To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.

2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate. Like Niobe we marble grow, And petrify with grief. Dryden.

PETRINE Pe"trine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine Epistles.

PETRO- Pet"ro-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. rock, stone; as, petrology, petroglyphic.

PETROGALE Pe*trog"a*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale, as the rock wallaby (P. penicillata).

PETROGLYPHIC Pet`ro*glyph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.

PETROGLYPHY Pe*trog"ly*phy, n. Etym: [Petro + Gr.

Defn: The art or operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.

PETROGRAPHIC; PETROGRAPHICAL Pet`ro*graph"ic, Pet`ro*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to petrography.

PETROGRAPHY Pe*trog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Petro + -graphy.]

1. The art of writing on stone.

2. The scientific description of rocks; that department of science which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.

PETROHYOID Pet`ro*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Petro + hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the petrohyoid muscles of the frog.

PETROL Pe*trol", n.

Defn: Petroleum. [R.]

PETROLATUM Pet`ro*la"tum, n. (Chem. & Pharm.)

Defn: A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a substitute for fatty materials in ointments. U. S. Pharm.

Note: Petrolatum is the official name for the purified product. Cosmoline and vaseline are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but differing slightly in appearance and consistency or fusibility.

PETROLEUM Pe*tro"le*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F. pétrole. Cf. Petrify, and Oil.]

Defn: Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc. Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of 170° Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin. The terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.

PETROLEUR; PETROLEUSE Pé`tro`leur", n. m. Pé`tro`leuse", n. f.Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.

PETROLINE Pet"ro*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A paraffin obtained from petroleum from Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.

PETROLOGIC; PETROLOGICAL Pet`ro*log"ic, Pet`ro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to petrology.

PETROLOGICALLY Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to petrology.

PETROLOGIST Pe*trol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in petrology.

PETROLOGY Pe*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Petro + -logy.]

1. The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their classification: lithology.

2. A treatise on petrology.

PETROMASTOID Pet`ro*mas"toid, a. Etym: [Petro + mastoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.

PETROMYZONT Pet`ro*my"zont, n. Etym: [Petro + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lamprey.

PETRONEL Pet`ro*nel, n. Etym: [OF. petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine, the breast, F. poitrine; so called because it was placed against the breast in order to fire. See Poitrel.]

Defn: A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used in France in the 15th century.

PETROSAL Pe*tro"sal, a. Etym: [See Petrous.] (Anat.) (a) Hard; stony; petrous; as, the petrosal bone; petrosal part of the temporal bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or the corresponding part of the temporal bone. Petrosal bone (Anat.), a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.

PETROSAL Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.) (a) A petrosal bone. (b) The auditory capsule. Owen.

PETROSILEX Pet`ro*si"lex, n. Etym: [Petro + silex.] (Min.)

Defn: Felsite.

PETROSILICIOUS Pet`ro*si*li"cious, a.

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.

PETROSTEARINE Pet`ro*ste"a*rine, n. Etym: [Petro + stearine.]

Defn: A solid unctuous material, of which candles are made.

PETROUS Pe"trous, a. Etym: [L. petrosus, fr. petra a stone.]

1. Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the petrous part of the temporal bone. Hooper.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Petrosal.

PETTICHAPS Pet"ti*chaps, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pettychaps.

PETTICOAT Pet"ti*coat, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Petty + coat.]

Defn: A loose under-garment worn by women, and covering the body below the waist. Petticoat government, government by women, whether in politics or domestic affairs. [Colloq.] — Petticoat pipe (Locomotives), a short, flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the draft.

PETTIFOG Pet"ti*fog, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pettifogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pettifogging.] Etym: [Petty + fog to pettifog.]

Defn: To do a petty business as a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way. "He takes no money, but pettifogs gratis." S. Butler.

PETTIFOG Pet"ti*fog, v. t.

Defn: To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily; as, to pettifog a claim. [Colloq.]

PETTIFOGGER Pet"ti*fog`ger, n.

Defn: A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer. A pettifogger was lord chancellor. Macaulay.

PETTIFOGGERY Pet"ti*fog`ger*y, n.; pl. -ies (.

Defn: The practice or arts of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles. Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries. Barrow.

PETTIFOGGING Pet"ti*fog`ging, a.

Defn: Paltry; quibbling; mean.

PETTIFOGGING Pet"ti*fog`ging, n.

Defn: Pettifoggery.

PETTIFOGULIZE Pet`ti*fog"u*lize, v. i.

Defn: To act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks. De Quincey.

PETTILY Pet"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a petty manner; frivolously.

PETTINESS Pet"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being petty or paltry; littleness; meanness.

PETTISH Pet"tish, a. Etym: [From Pet.]

Defn: Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious; inclined to ill temper. "A pettish kind of humor." Sterne. — Pet"tish*ly, adv. — Pet"tish*ness, n.

PETTITOES Pet"ti*toes, n. pl. Etym: [Petty + toes.]

Defn: The toes or feet of a pig, — often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet. Shak.

PETTO Pet"to, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. pectus.]

Defn: The breast. In petto, in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.

PETTY Pet"ty, a. [Compar. Pettier; superl. Pettiest.] Etym: [OE. petit, F. petit; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.]

Defn: Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a petty fault; a petty prince. Denham. Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all. Milton. Petty averages. See under Average. — Petty cash, money expended or received in small items or amounts. — Petty officer, a subofficer in the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the army.

Note: For petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty treason, See Petit.

Syn. — Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling; trivial; unimportant; frivolous.

PETTYCHAPS Pet"ty*chaps, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small European singing birds of the subfamily Sylviinæ, as the willow warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler (Sylvia hortensis).

PETTYWHIN Pet"ty*whin, n. Etym: [Petty + whin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The needle furze. See under Needle.

PETULANCE; PETULANCY Pet"u*lance, Pet"u*lan*cy, n. Etym: [L. petulania: cf. F. pétulance. See Petulant.]

Defn: The quality or state of being petulant; temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill humor. "The petulancy of our words." B. Jonson. Like pride in some, and like petulance in others. Clarendon. The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown. Cowper.

Syn. — Petulance, Peevishness. — Peevishness implies the permanence of a sour, fretful temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious irritation.

PETULANT Pet"u*lant, a. Etym: [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight attacks upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf. F. pétulant. See Petition.]

1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.] Burton.

2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill-natured freakishness; irritable. "Petulant moods." Macaulay.

Syn. — Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.

PETULANTLY Pet"u*lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a petulant manner.

PETULCITY Pe*tul"ci*ty, n. Etym: [See Petulcous.]

Defn: Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PETULCOUS Pe*tul"cous, a. Etym: [L. petulcus. Cf. Petulant.]

Defn: Wanton; frisky; lustful. [Obs.] J. V. Cane.

PETUNE Pe*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petuned; p. pr. & vb. n. Petuning.] [See Petunia.] (Agric.)

Defn: To spray (tobacco) with a liquid intended to produce flavor or aroma.

PETUNIA Pe*tu"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.

PETUNSE; PETUNTSE; PETUNTZE Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse", Pe*tuntze", n. Etym: [From Chinese.]

Defn: Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.

PETWORTH MARBLE Pet"worth mar"ble.

Defn: A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; — called also Sussex marble.

PETZITE Petz"ite, n. Etym: [From Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.)

Defn: A telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.

PEUCEDANIN Peu*ced"a*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless white crystalline substance, extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort (Peucedanum), masterwort (Imperatoria), and other related plants; — called also imperatorin.

PEUCIL Peu"cil, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime. [Written also peucyl.]

PEW Pew, n. Etym: [OE. pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L. podium an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. Foot, and cf. Podium, Poy.]

1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; - - sometimes called slip. Pews were originally made square, but are now usually long and narrow.

2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.] Pepys. Milton. Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens.

PEW Pew, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with pews. [R.] Ash.

PEWEE Pe"wee, n. Etym: [So called from its note.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis phoebe, or S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and phoebe.

2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.] Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.

PEWET Pe"wet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pewit.

PEWFELLOW Pew"fel`low, n.

1. One who occupies the same pew with another.

2. An intimate associate; a companion. Shak.

PEWIT Pe"wit, n. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D. kievit, G. kibitz.] (Zoöl.) (a) The lapwing. (b) The European black-headed, or laughing, gull (Xema ridibundus). See under Laughing. (c) The pewee. [Written also peevit, peewit, pewet.]

PEWTER Pew"ter, n. Etym: [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D. peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum. Cf. Spelter.]

1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth.

2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots.

Note: Pewter was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.

PEWTERER Pew"ter*er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a pewtersmith. Shak.

PEWTERY Pew"ter*y, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery taste.

PEXITY Pex"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of pectere to comb.]

Defn: Nap of cloth. [Obs.]

PEYER'S GLANDS Pey"er's glands`. Etym: [So called from J.K.Peyer, who described them in 1677.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small intestiness; agminated glands; — called also Peyer's patches. In typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the characteristic organic lesion of that disease.

PEYTREL Pey"trel, n. Etym: [OF. peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also peitrel.] See Poitrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEZIZA Pe*zi"za, n. Etym: [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of which are remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.

PEZIZOID Pez"i*zoid, a. Etym: [Peziza + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.

PFENNIG Pfen"nig, n.; pl. Pfennigs, G. Pfennige. Etym: [G. See Penny.]

Defn: A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.

PHACELLUS Pha*cel"lus, n.; pl. Phacelli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain jellyfishes.

PHACOCHERE Phac"o*chere, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wart hog.

PHACOID Pha"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a lentil; lenticular.

PHACOLITE Phac"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.

PHACOPS Pha"cops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common species.

PHAEACIAN Phæ*a"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Phæacians, a fabulous seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.

PHAENOGAM Phæ"no*gam, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the class Phænogamia.

PHAENOGAMIA Phæ`no*ga"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Bot.)

Defn: The class of flowering plants including all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia.

PHAENOGAMIAN; PHAENOGAMIC Phæ`no*ga"mi*an, Phæ`no*gam"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Phænogamous.

PHAENOGAMOUS Phæ*nog"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having true flowers with with distinct floral organs; flowering.

PHAENOMENON Phæ*nom"e*non, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Phenomenon.

PHAEOSPORE Phæ"o*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A brownish zoöspore, characteristic of an order (Phæosporeæ) of dark green or olive-colored algæ. — Phæ`o*spor"ic, a.

PHAETHON Pha"ë*thon, n. Etym: [L., Phaëthon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. Phantom.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Helios (Phoebus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.

PHAETON Pha"ë*ton, n. Etym: [F. phaéton a kind of carriage, fr. Phaéthon Phaëthon, the son of Helios. See Phaëthon.]

1. A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.

2. See Phaëthon.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, or Melitæa, Phaëton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; — called also Baltimore.

PHAGEDENA Phag`e*de"na, n. Etym: [L. phagedaena, Gr. (Med.) (a) A canine appetite; bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading, obstinate ulceration.

PHAGEDENIC; PHAGEDENICAL Phag`e*den"ic, Phag`e*den"ic*AL, a. Etym: [L. phagedaenicus, Gr. phagédénique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, phagedena; used in the treatment of phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer or medicine. — n.

Defn: A phagedenic medicine.

PHAGEDENOUS Phag`e*de"nous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Phagedenic.

PHAGOCYTE Phag"o*cyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.

PHAINOPEPLA Pha*i`no*pep"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small crested passerine bird (Phaïnopepla nitens), native of Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black flycatcher.

PHAKOSCOPE Phak"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation.

PHALAENA Pha*læ"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A linnæan genus which included the moths in general.

PHALAENID Pha*læ"nid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any moth of the family Phalænidæ, of which the cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.

PHALANGEAL; PHALANGAL Pha*lan"ge*al, Pha*lan"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.

PHALANGER Pha*lan"ger, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phalanger. See Phalanx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and other genera of the family Phalangistidæ. They are arboreal, and the species of Petaurus are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying phalanger, under Flying.

PHALANGES Pha*lan"ges, n.

Defn: , pl. of Phalanx.

PHALANGIAL; PHALANGIAN Pha*lan"gi*al, Pha*lan"gi*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Phalangeal.

PHALANGID Pha*lan"gid, n.; pl. Phalangides (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Phalangoidea.

PHALANGIOUS Pha*lan"gi*ous, a. Etym: [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr. Phalanx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.

PHALANGIST Pha*lan"gist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any arboreal marsupial of the genus Phalangista. The vulpine phalangist (P. vulpina) is the largest species, the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It has a large bushy tail.

PHALANGISTER; PHALANGISTINE Phal`an*gis"ter, Phal`an*gis"tine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phalangist.

PHALANGITE Phal"an*gite, n. Etym: [Gr. phalangite.]

Defn: A soldier belonging to a phalanx. [Obs.]

PHALANGOIDEA Phal`an*goi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs (see Phalangious) + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Arachnoidea, including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by tracheæ. Called also Phalangides, Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and Opilionea.

PHALANSTERE Pha`lan`stére", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A phalanstery.

PHALANSTERIAN Phal`an*ste"ri*an, a. Etym: [F. phalanstérien, a. & n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phalansterianism.

PHALANSTERIAN Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who favors the system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier.

PHALANSTERISM; PHALANSTERIANISM Pha*lan"ster*ism, Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.

PHALANSTERY Phal"an*ster*y, n.; pl. -ies. Etym: [F. phalanstère, fr. Gr.

1. An association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See Fourierism.

2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.

PHALANX Pha"lanx, n.; pl. Phalanxes, L. Phalanges. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and files close and deep. There were several different arrangements, the phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of men. "In cubic phalanx firm advanced." Milton. The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. Pope.

2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union. At present they formed a united phalanx. Macaulay. The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed, All huddling into phalanx, stood and gazed. Cowper.

3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.

5. Etym: [pl. Phalanges.] (Bot.)

Defn: A group or bundle of stamens, as in polyadelphous flowers.

PHALAROPE Phal"a*rope, n. Etym: [Gr. phalarope.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Phalaropus and allied genera of small wading birds (Grallæ), having lobate toes. They are often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also sea goose.

PHALLIC Phal"lic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.

PHALLICISM Phal"li*cism, n.

Defn: See Phallism.

PHALLISM Phal"lism, n.

Defn: The worship of the generative principle in nature, symbolized by the phallus.

PHALLUS Phal"lus, n.; pl. Phalli (. Etym: [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr.

1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be derived.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.

PHANAR Phan"ar, n. [Turk. fanar, fr. NGr. lighthouse, Gr. lantern; — from a lighthouse on a point projecting into the Golden Horn.]

Defn: A quarter of Constantinople which, after the Turkish conquest of the city, became the chief Greek quarter; hence, the Greek officials of Turkey, or phanariots, as a class.

PHANARIOT; PHANARIOTE Pha*nar"i*ot, n. Also Pha*nar"i*ote. [NGr., fr. Phanar. See Phanar.]

Defn: One of the Greeks of Constantinople who after the Turkish conquest became powerful in clerical and other offices under Turkish patronage.

PHANE Phane, n.

Defn: See Fane. [Obs.] Joye.

PHANERITE Phan"er*ite, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Evident; visible. Phanerite series (Geol.), the uppermost part of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits produced by causes in obvious operation.

PHANEROCARPAE Phan`er*o*car"pæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Acraspeda.

PHANEROCODONIC Phan`er*o*co*don"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide, open cavity beneath; — said of certain jellyfishes.

PHANEROCRYSTALLINE Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line, a. Etym: [Gr. crystalline.] (Geol.)

Defn: Distinctly crystalline; — used of rocks. Opposed to Ant: cryptocrystalline.

PHANERODACTYLA Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Saururæ.

PHANEROGAMIA Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That one of the two primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.

PHANEROGAMIAN Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Phanerogamous.

PHANEROGAMIC; PHANEROGAMOUS Phan`er*o*gam"ic, Phan`er*og"a*mous, a.

Defn: Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils; — said of plants.

PHANEROGLOSSAL Phan`er*o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a conspicious tongue; — said of certain reptiles and insects.

PHANTASCOPE Phan"ta*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An optical instrument or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same principle; — called also phantasmascope.

PHANTASM Phan"tasm, n. Etym: [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.] [Spelt also fantasm.]

1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a dream. They be but phantasms or apparitions. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a notion. Cudworth. Figures or little features, of which the description had produced in you no phantasm or expectation. Jer. Taylor.

PHANTASMA Phan"tas"ma, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A phantasm.

PHANTASMAGORIA Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. phantasmagorie.]

1. An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another.

2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.

3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. "This mental phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott.

PHANTASMAGORIAL Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.

PHANTASMAGORIC Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial. Hawthorne.

PHANTASMAGORY Phan*tas"ma*go*ry, n.

Defn: See Phantasmagoria.

PHANTASMAL Phan*tas"mal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a phantasm; spectral; illusive.

PHANTASMASCOPE Phan*tas"ma*scope, n.

Defn: See Phantascope.

PHANTASMATICAL Phan`tas*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. phantasmaticus.]

Defn: Phantasmal. Dr. H. More.

PHANTASMATOGRAPHY Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.

PHANTASTIC; PHANTASTICAL Phan*tas"tic, Phan*tas"tic*al, a.

Defn: See Fantastic.

PHANTASY Phan"ta*sy, n.

Defn: See Fantasy, and Fancy.

PHANTOM Phan"tom, n. Etym: [OE. fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF. fantôme, fr. L. phantasma, Gr. Fancy, and cf. Phaëton, Phantasm, Phase.]

Defn: That which has only an apparent existence; an apparition; a specter; a phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image. Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise. Pope. She was a phantom of delight. Wordsworth. Phantom ship. See Flying Dutchman, under Flying. — Phantom tumor (Med.), a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm, accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual tumor in appearance, but disappearing upon the administration of an anæsthetic.

PHANTOMATIC Phan`tom*at"ic, a.

Defn: Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge.

PHANTOM CIRCUIT Phantom circuit. (Elec.)

Defn: The equivalent of an additional circuit or wire, in reality not existing, obtained by certain arrangements of real circuits, as in some multiplex telegraph systems.

PHARAOH Pha"raoh, n. Etym: [Heb. paroh; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao, Gr. Faro.]

1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.

2. See Faro. Pharaoh's chicken (Zoöl.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; — so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color. — Pharaoh's rat (Zoöl.), the common ichneumon.

PHARAON Pha"ra*on, n.

Defn: See Pharaoh, 2.

PHARAONIC Phar`a*on"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pharaonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.

PHARE Phare, n. Etym: [See Pharos.]

1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. Hence, a harbor. Howell.

PHARISAIC; PHARISAICAL Phar`i*sa"ic, Phar`i*sa"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Pharisaicus, Gr. pharisaïque. See Pharisee.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth.

2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness. " Bacon. "Pharisaical ostentation." Macaulay. — Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. — Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

PHARISAISM Phar`i*sa"ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pharisaisme.]

1. The notions, doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect. Sharp.

2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners. "A piece of pharisaism." Hammond.

PHARISEAN Phar`i*se"an, a. Etym: [L. Pharisaeus, Gr.

Defn: Following the practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.] "Pharisean disciples." Milton.

PHARISEE Phar"i*see, n. Etym: [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. parash to separate.]

Defn: One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.

PHARISEEISM Phar"i*see*ism, n.

Defn: See Pharisaism.

PHARMACEUTIC; PHARMACEUTICAL Phar`ma*ceu"tic, Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. pharmaceuticus, Gr. pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations. — Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al*ly, adv. Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of medicinal substances.

PHARMACEUTICS Phar`ma*ceu"tics, n.

Defn: The science of preparing medicines.

PHARMACEUTIST Phar`ma*ceu"tist, n.

Defn: One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under Apothecary.

PHARMACIST Phar"ma*cist, n.

Defn: One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a druggist.

PHARMACODYMANICS Phar`ma*co*dy*man"ics, n. [Gr. drug + E. dynamics.]

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which treats of the action and the effects of medicines.

PHARMACODYNAMICS Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. dynamics.]

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the effects, of medicines. Dunglison.

PHARMACOGNOSIS Phar`ma*cog*no"sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or simples; — called also pharmacography, and pharmacomathy.

PHARMACOGNOSY Phar`ma*cog"no*sy, n.

Defn: Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACOGRAPHY Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: See Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACOLITE Phar*mac"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pharmacolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white or grayish color.

PHARMACOLOGIST Phar`ma*col"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.]

Defn: One skilled in pharmacology.

PHARMACOLOGY Phar`ma*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pharmacologie.]

1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.

2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.

PHARMACOMATHY Phar`ma*com"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: See Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACON Phar"ma*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A medicine or drug; also, a poison. Dunglison.

PHARMACOPOEIA Phar`ma*co*poe"ia, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as an authoritative standard.

2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison.

PHARMACOPOLIST Phar`ma*cop"o*list, n. Etym: [L. pharmacopola, Gr.

Defn: One who sells medicines; an apothecary.

PHARMACOSIDERITE Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. siderite.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green cubic crystals; cube ore.

PHARMACY Phar"ma*cy, n. Etym: [OE. fermacie, OF. farmacie, pharmacie, F. pharmacie, Gr.

1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical chemist.

2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an apothecary's shop.

PHARO Pha"ro, n.

1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. See Faro.

PHAROLOGY Pha*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The art or science which treats of lighthouses and signal lights.

PHAROS Pha"ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen. He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse. Arbuthnot.

PHARYNGAL Pha*ryn"gal, a.

Defn: Pharyngeal. H. Sweet.

PHARYNGEAL Phar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [See Pharynx.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.

PHARYNGEAL Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the lower pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete branchial arches.

PHARYNGITIS Phar`yn*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pharynx.

PHARYNGOBRANCHIAL Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Pharynx + branchial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the branchiæ; — applied especially to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal. — n.

Defn: A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.

PHARYNGOBRANCHII Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Leptocardia.

PHARYNGOGNATHI Phar`yn*gog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones are united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.

PHARYNGOLARYNGEAL Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [Pharynx + laryngeal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.

PHARYNGOPNEUSTA Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata and Enteropneusta. — Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal, a.

PHARYNGOTOME Pha*ryn"go*tome, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for incising or scarifying the tonsils, etc.

PHARYNGOTOMY Phar`yn*got"o*my, n. Etym: [Pharynx + Gr. : cf. F. pharyngotomie.] (Surg.) (a) The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage. (b) Scarification or incision of the tonsils.

PHARYNX Phar"ynx, n.; pl. pharynges. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pharynx.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.

PHASCOLOME Phas"co*lome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marsupial of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.

PHASE Phase, n.; pl. Phases. Etym: [NL. phasis, Gr. phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and Emphasis.]

1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.

2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as, the problem has many phases.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. under Moon.

4. (Physics)

Defn: Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

PHASE ANGLE Phase angle. (Elec.)

Defn: The angle expressing phase relation.

PHASE CONVERTER Phase converter. (Elec.)

Defn: A machine for converting an alternating current into an alternating current of a different number of phases and the same frequency.

PHASE DISPLACEMENT Phase displacement. (Elec.)

Defn: A charge of phase whereby an alternating current attains its maximum later or earlier. An inductance would cause a lag, a capacity would cause an advance, in phase.

PHASEL Pha"sel, n. Etym: [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. phaséole, faséole. Cf. Fesels.]

Defn: The French bean, or kidney bean.

PHASELESS Phase"less, a.

Defn: Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless and increasing gloom." Poe.

PHASE METER; PHASEMETER Phase meter, or Phase"me`ter, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A device for measuring the difference in phase of two alternating currents of electromotive forces.

PHASEOLUS Pha*se"o*lus, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See Bean.

PHASEOMANNITE Pha`se*o*man"nite, n. Etym: [So called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Inosite.

PHASE RULE Phase rule. (Phys. Chem.)

Defn: A generalization with regard to systems of chemical equilibrium, discovered by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs. It may be stated thus: The degree of variableness (number of degrees of freedom) of a system is equal to the number of components minus the number of phases, plus two. Thus, if the components be salt and water, and the phases salt, ice, saturated solution, and vapor, the system is invariant, that is, there is only one set of conditions under which these four phases can exist in equilibrium. If only three phases be considered, the system is univariant, that is, the fixing of one condition, as temperature, determines the others.

PHASE SPLITTER Phase splitter. (Elec.)

Defn: A device by which a single-phase current is split into two or more currents differing in phase. It is used in starting single-phase induction motors.

PHASE SPLITTING Phase splitting. (Elec.)

Defn: The dephasing of the two parts of a single alternating current in two dissimilar branches of a given circuit.

PHASING Phas"ing, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Pertaining to phase or differences of phase.

PHASING CURRENT Phasing current.

Defn: The momentary current between two alternating-current generators when juxtaposed in parallel and not agreeing exactly in phase or period.

PHASING TRANSFORMER Phasing transformer.

Defn: Any of several transformers (there must be at least two) for changing phase.

PHASIS Pha"sis, n.; pl. Phases. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Phase. Creech.

PHASM; PHASMA Phasm, Phas"ma, n. Etym: [L. phasma, Gr. Phase.]

Defn: An apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.

PHASMID Phas"mid, n. Etym: [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any orthopterous insect of the family Phasmidæ, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.

PHASSACHATE Phas"sa*chate, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: The lead-colored agate; — so called in reference to its color.

PHATAGIN Phat"a*gin, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); — called also ipi.

PHEASANT Pheas"ant, n. Etym: [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F. faisan, L. phasianus, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family Phasianidæ, found chiefly in Asia.

Note: The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant (Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.]

Note: Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc. Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. — Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoöl.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet. — Mountain pheasant (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] — Pheasant coucal (Zoöl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied species. — Pheasant duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. — Pheasant parrot (Zoöl.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. — Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; — called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); — called also Pheasant's-eye pink. — Pheasant shell (Zoöl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant. — Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. — Sea pheasant (Zoöl.), the pintail. — Water pheasant. (Zoöl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded merganser.

PHEASANTRY Pheas"ant*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. faisanderie.]

Defn: A place for keeping and rearing pheasants. Gwilt.

PHEBE Phe"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Phoebe.

PHEER Pheer, n.

Defn: See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.

PHEESE Pheese, v. t.

Defn: To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, v.

PHEESE Pheese, n.

Defn: Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.

PHELLODERM Phel"lo*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. -derm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A layer of green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.

PHELLOGEN Phel"lo*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.

PHELLOPLASTICS Phel`lo*plas"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Art of modeling in cork.

PHENACETIN; PHENACETINE Phe*nac"e*tin, Phe*nac"e*tine, n. [Phenyl + acetic + -in.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A white, crystalline compound, C10H13O2N, used in medicine principally as an antipyretic.

PHENACITE Phen"a*cite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.

PHENAKISTOSCOPE Phen`a*kis"to*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.

PHENALGIN Phe*nal"gin, n. [Phenyl + analgetic + -in.] (Pharm.)

Defn: An ammoniated compound of phenyl and acetamide, used as an analgesic and antipyretic. It resembles phenacetin in its therapeutic action.

PHENANTHRENE Phe*nan"threne, n. Etym: [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.

PHENANTHRIDINE Phe*nan"thri*dine, n. Etym: [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.

PHENANTHROLINE Phe*nan"thro*line, n. Etym: [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.

PHENE Phene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Benzene. [Obs.]

PHENETOL Phe"ne*tol, n. Etym: [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C6H5.O.C2H5.

PHENIC Phe"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or phenol. Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.]

PHENICIAN Phe*ni"cian, a. & n.

Defn: See Phoenician.

PHENICINE Phen"i*cine, n. Etym: [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. phénicine.] (Chem.) (a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol. Watts.

PHENICIOUS Phe*ni"cious, a. Etym: [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from

Defn: Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.

PHENICOPTER Phen`i*cop"ter, n. Etym: [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i.e., red-feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf. F. phénicoptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flamingo.

PHENIX Phe"nix, n.; pl. Phenixes. Etym: [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written also phoenix.]

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A southern constellation.

3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer.

PHENOCRYST Phe"no*cryst, n. [Gr. to appear + crystal.] (Geol.)

Defn: One of the prominent embedded crystals of a porphyry.

PHENOGAMIA Phen`o*ga"mi*a, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Phænogamia.

PHENOGAMIAN; PHENOGAMIC; PHENOGAMOUS Phen`o*ga"mi*an, Phen`o*gam"ic, Phe*nog"a*mous, a.

Defn: Same as Phænogamian, Phænogamic, etc.

PHENOL Phe"nol, n. Etym: [Gr. -ol: cf. F. phénol.] (Chem.)

1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.

Note: It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.

2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type. Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. — Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid. — Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol alcohol. — Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties. — Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.

PHENOLATE Phe"no*late, n. Etym: [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of phenol analogous to a salt.

PHENOLOGY Phe*nol"o*gy, n. [Contracted from Phenomenology.] (Biol.)

Defn: The science of the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena, as the migrations and breeding of birds, the flowering and fruiting of plants, etc. — Phe`no*log"ic*al (#), a. — Phe`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. — Phe*nol"o*gist (#), n.

PHENOLPHTHALEIN; PHENOL PHTHALEIN Phe`nol*phthal"e*in, n., or Phenol phthalein. (Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellowish white crystalline substance, C20H14O4, formed by condensation of the anhydride of phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids. This reaction, being very delicate, is used as an indicator.

PHENOMENAL Phe*nom"e*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phénoménal.]

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a phenomenal memory. — Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.

PHENOMENALISM Phe*nom"e*nal*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.

PHENOMENIST Phe*nom"e*nist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.

PHENOMENOLOGY Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F. phénoménologie.]

Defn: A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.

PHENOMENON Phe*nom"e*non, n.; pl. Phenomena. Etym: [L. phaenomenon, Gr. faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See Phantom.]

1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory. In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the phenomena of mind. Stewart.

2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a musical phenomenon.

PHENOSE Phe"nose`, n. Etym: [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and resembling, dextrose.

PHENYL Phe"nyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl: cf. F. phényle. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives. Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. — Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.

PHENYLAMINE Phe`nyl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

PHENYLENE Phe"nyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine.

PHENYLIC Phe*nyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl. Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.

PHEON Phe"on, n. Etym: [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.)

Defn: A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.

PHIAL Phi"al, n. Etym: [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. Vial.]

Defn: A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.

PHIAL Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed; p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.]

Defn: To put or keep in, or as in, a phial. Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.

PHILABEG Phil"a*beg, n.

Defn: See Filibeg.

PHILADELPHIAN Phil`a*del"phi*an, a. Etym: [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s brother.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.

PHILADELPHIAN Phil`a*del"phi*an, n.

1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, — called also the Family of Love. Tatler.

PHILALETHIST Phil`a*le"thist, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr.

Defn: A lover of the truth. [Obs.] Brathwait.

PHILANDER Phi*lan"der, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To make love to women; to play the male flirt. You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.

PHILANDER Phi*lan"der, n.

Defn: A lover. [R.] Congreve.

PHILANDER Phi*lan"der, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A South American opossum (Didelphys philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).

PHILANDERER Phi*lan"der*er, n.

Defn: One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. Kingsley.

PHILANTHROPE Phil"an*thrope, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.

PHILANTHROPIC; PHILANTHROPICAL Phil`an*throp"ic, Phil`an*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philanthropique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic enterprise. — Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILANTHROPINISM Phil`an*throp"i*nism, n.

Defn: A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.

PHILANTHROPINIST Phil`an*throp"i*nist, n.

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.

PHILANTHROPIST Phi*lan"thro*pist, n. Etym: [Gr. philanthrope.]

Defn: One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others.

PHILANTHROPISTIC Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILANTHROPY Phi*lan"thro*py, n. Etym: [L. philanthropia, Gr. philanthropie.]

Defn: Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; — opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor.

PHILATELIC Phil`a*tel"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to philately.

PHILATELIST Phi*lat"e*list, n.

Defn: One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.

PHILATELY Phi*lat"e*ly, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. frank to send free.]

Defn: The collection of postage stamps of various issues.

PHILATHEA Phi*la"the*a, n. [Coined from Gr. loving + truth.]

Defn: An international, interdenominational organization of Bible classes of young women.

PHILATORY Phil"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

PHILAUTY Phil"au*ty, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.

PHILHARMONIC Phil`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philharmonique.]

Defn: Loving harmony or music.

PHILHELLENE Phil*hel"lene, n.

Defn: A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist. Emerson.

PHILHELLENIC Phil`hel*len"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

PHILHELLENISM Phil*hel"len*ism, n.

Defn: Love of Greece.

PHILHELLENIST Phil*hel"len*ist, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philhellène.]

Defn: A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.

PHILIBEG Phil"i*beg, n.

Defn: See Filibeg. [Scot.]

PHILIP Phil"ip, n. Etym: [So called from their notes.] (Zoöl.) (a) The European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]

PHILIPPIAN Phi*lip"pi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. — n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

PHILIPPIC Phi*lip"pic, n. Etym: [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. philippique.]

1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.

2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.

PHILIPPIUM Phi*lip"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.

PHILIPPIZE Phil"ip*pize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized; p. pr. & vb. n. Philippizing.] Etym: [Gr.

1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.

2. Etym: [See Philippic.]

Defn: To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

PHILISTER Phi*lis"ter, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A Philistine; — a cant name given to townsmen by students in German universities.

PHILISTINE Phi*lis"tine, n. Etym: [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishthi, pl. Phlishthim.]

1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.

2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.

3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. Arnold.

PHILISTINE Phi*lis"tine, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.

2. Uncultured; commonplace.

PHILISTINISM Phi*lis"tin*ism, n.

Defn: The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle. On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, — this is Philistinism. M. Arnold.

PHILLIPSITE Phil"lips*ite, n. Etym: [So named after John Phillips, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; — called also christianite.

PHILLYGENIN Phil*lyg"e*nin, n. Etym: [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.

PHILLYREA Phil*lyr"e*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.

PHILLYRIN Phil"ly*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.

PHILO- Philo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to; as, philosophy, philotechnic.

PHILOGYNIST Phi*log"y*nist, n. Etym: [See Philogyny.]

Defn: A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; — opposed to Ant: misogynist.

PHILOGYNY Phi*log"y*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fondness for women; uxoriousness; — opposed to Ant: misogyny. [R.] Byron.

PHILOHELLENIAN Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an, n.

Defn: A philhellenist.

PHILOLOGER Phi*lol"o*ger, n. Etym: [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr.

Defn: A philologist. Burton.

PHILOLOGIAN Phil`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A philologist. [R.]

PHILOLOGICAL; PHILOLOGIC Phil`o*log"ic*al, Phil`o*log"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philology. — Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILOLOGIST Phi*lol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in philology.

PHILOLOGIZE Phi*lol"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To study, or make critical comments on, language. Evelyn.

PHILOLOGUE Phil"o*logue, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philologue.]

Defn: A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILOLOGY Phi*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. philologie. See Philologer.]

1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.

2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science.

Note: Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.

3. A treatise on the science of language.

PHILOMATH Phil"o*math, n. Etym: [Gr. fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, fr.

Defn: A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.

PHILOMATHEMATIC Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A philomath.

PHILOMATHIC Phil`o*math"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philomathique.]

1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.

2. Having love of learning or letters.

PHILOMATHY Phi*lom"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The love of learning or letters.

PHILOMEL Phil"o*mel, n.

Defn: Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. Cowper.

PHILOMELA Phil`o*me"la, n. Etym: [L. philomela, Gr.

1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the nightingales.

PHILOMENE Phil"o*mene, n.

Defn: The nightingale. [Obs.]

PHILOMOT Phil"o*mot, a. Etym: [See Filemot.]

Defn: Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] Addison.

PHILOMUSICAL Phil`o*mu"sic*al, a. Etym: [Philo- + musical.]

Defn: Loving music. [R.]Busby.

PHILOPENA Phil`o*pe"na, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG. vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.]