S (continued 20)

1. Whole; unbroken; unharmed; free from flaw, defect, or decay; perfect of the kind; as, sound timber; sound fruit; a sound tooth; a sound ship.

2. Healthy; not diseased; not being in a morbid state; — said of body or mind; as, a sound body; a sound constitution; a sound understanding.

3. Firm; strong; safe. The brasswork here, how rich it is in beams, And how, besides, it makes the whole house sound. Chapman.

4. Free from error; correct; right; honest; true; faithful; orthodox; — said of persons; as, a sound lawyer; a sound thinker. Do not I know you a favorer Of this new seat Ye are nor sound. Shak.

5. Founded in truth or right; supported by justice; not to be overthrown on refuted; not fallacious; as, sound argument or reasoning; a sound objection; sound doctrine; sound principles. Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me. 2 Tim. i. 13.

6. heavy; laid on with force; as, a sound beating.

7. Undisturbed; deep; profound; as, sound sleep.

8. Founded in law; legal; valid; not defective; as, a sound title to land.

Note: Sound is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sound-headed, sound-hearted, sound-timbered, etc. Sound currency (Com.), a currency whose actual value is the same as its nominal value; a currency which does not deteriorate or depreciate or fluctuate in comparision with the standard of values.

SOUND Sound, adv.

Defn: Soundly. So sound he slept that naught might him awake. Spenser.

SOUND Sound, n. Etym: [AS. sund a narrow sea or strait; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan. & G. sund, probably so named because it could be swum across. See Swim.] (Geog.)

Defn: A narrow passage of water, or a strait between the mainland and an island; also, a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or lake with the ocean; as, the Sound between the Baltic and the german Ocean; Long Island Sound. The Sound of Denmark, where ships pay toll. Camden. Sound dues, tolls formerly imposed by Denmark on vessels passing through the Baltic Sound.

SOUND Sound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sounding.] Etym: [F. sonder; cf. AS. sundgyrd a sounding rod, sundline a sounding line (see Sound a narrow passage of water).]

1. To measure the depth of; to fathom; especially, to ascertain the depth of by means of a line and plummet.

2. Fig.: To ascertain, or try to ascertain, the thoughts, motives, and purposes of (a person); to examine; to try; to test; to probe. I was in jest, And by that offer meant to sound your breast. Dryden. I've sounded my Numidians man by man. Addison.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To explore, as the bladder or urethra, with a sound; to examine with a sound; also, to examine by auscultation or percussion; as, to sound a patient.

SOUND Sound, v. i.

Defn: To ascertain the depth of water with a sounding line or other device. I sound as a shipman soundeth in the sea with his plummet to know the depth of sea. Palsgrave.

SOUND Sound, n. Etym: [F. sonde. See Sound to fathom.] (Med.)

Defn: Any elongated instrument or probe, usually metallic, by which cavities of the body are sounded or explored, especially the bladder for stone, or the urethra for a stricture.

SOUND Sound, n. Etym: [OE. soun, OF. son, sun, F. son, fr. L. sonus akin to Skr. svana sound, svan to sound, and perh. to E. swan. Cf. Assonant, Consonant, Person, Sonata, Sonnet, Sonorous, Swan.]

1. The peceived object occasioned by the impulse or vibration of a material substance affecting the ear; a sensation or perception of the mind received through the ear, and produced by the impulse or vibration of the air or other medium with which the ear is in contact; the effect of an impression made on the organs of hearing by an impulse or vibration of the air caused by a collision of bodies, or by other means; noise; report; as, the sound of a drum; the sound of the human voice; a horrid sound; a charming sound; a sharp, high, or shrill sound. The warlike sound Of trumpets loud and clarions. Milton.

2. The occasion of sound; the impulse or vibration which would occasion sound to a percipient if present with unimpaired; hence, the theory of vibrations in elastic media such cause sound; as, a treatise on sound.

Note: In this sense, sounds are spoken of as audible and inaudible.

3. Noise without signification; empty noise; noise and nothing else. Sense and not sound . . . must be the principle. Locke. Sound boarding, boards for holding pugging, placed in partitions of under floors in order to deaden sounds. — Sound bow, in a series of transverse sections of a bell, that segment against which the clapper strikes, being the part which is most efficacious in producing the sound. See Illust. of Bell. — Sound post. (Mus.) See Sounding post, under Sounding.

SOUND Sound, v. i. Etym: [OE. sounen, sownen, OF. soner, suner, F. sonner, from L. sonare. See Sound a noise.]

1. To make a noise; to utter a voice; to make an impulse of the air that shall strike the organs of hearing with a perceptible effect. "And first taught speaking trumpets how to sound." Dryden. How silver-sweet sound lovers' tongues! Shak.

2. To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or published; to convey intelligence by sound. From you sounded out the word of the Lord. 1 Thess. i. 8.

3. To make or convey a certain impression, or to have a certain import, when heard; hence, to seem; to appear; as, this reproof sounds harsh; the story sounds like an invention. Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear Things that do sound so fair Shak. To sound in or into, to tend to; to partake of the nature of; to be consonant with. [Obs., except in the phrase To sound in damages, below.] Soun[d]ing in moral virtue was his speech. Chaucer. — To sound in damages (Law), to have the essential quality of damages. This is said of an action brought, not for the recovery of a specific thing, as replevin, etc., but for damages only, as trespass, and the like.

SOUND Sound, v. t.

1. To causse to make a noise; to play on; as, to sound a trumpet or a horn. A bagpipe well could he play and soun[d]. Chaucer.

2. To cause to exit as a sound; as, to sound a note with the voice, or on an instrument.

3. To order, direct, indicate, or proclain by a sound, or sounds; to give a signal for by a certain sound; as, to sound a retreat; to sound a parley. The clock sounded the hour of noon. G. H. Lewes.

4. To celebrate or honor by sounds; to cause to be reported; to publish or proclaim; as, to sound the praises of fame of a great man or a great exploit.

5. To examine the condition of (anything) by causing the same to emit sounds and noting their character; as, to sound a piece of timber; to sound a vase; to sound the lungs of a patient.

6. To signify; to import; to denote. [Obs.] Milton. Soun[d]ing alway the increase of his winning. Chaucer.

SOUNDABLE Sound"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being sounded.

SOUNDAGE Sound"age (; 48), n.

Defn: Dues for soundings.

SOUND-BOARD Sound"-board`, n.

Defn: A sounding-board. To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes. Milton.

SOUNDER Sound"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which; sounds; specifically, an instrument used in telegraphy in place of a register, the communications being read by sound.

SOUNDER Sound"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A herd of wild hogs.

SOUNDING Sound"ing, a.

Defn: Making or emitting sound; hence, sonorous; as, sounding words. Dryden.

SOUNDING Sound"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sounds (in any of the senses of the several verbs).

2. (Naut.) Etym: [From Sound to fathom.] (a) measurement by sounding; also, the depth so ascertained. (b) Any place or part of the ocean, or other water, where a sounding line will reach the bottom; — usually in the plural. (c) The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by the sounding lead when it has touched bottom. Sounding lead, the plummet at the end of a sounding line. — Sounding line, a line having a plummet at the end, used in making soundings. — Sounding post (Mus.), a small post in a violin, violoncello, or similar instrument, set under the bridge as a support, for propagating the sounds to the body of the instrument; — called also sound post. — Sounding rod (Naut.), a rod used to ascertain the depth of water in a ship's hold. — In soundings, within the eighty-fathom line. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SOUNDING BALLOON Sound"ing bal*loon".

Defn: An unmanned balloon sent aloft for meteorological or aëronautic purposes.

SOUNDING-BOARD Sound"ing-board`, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A thin board which propagates the sound in a piano, in a violin, and in some other musical instruments.

2. A board or structure placed behind or over a pulpit or rostrum to give distinctness to a speaker's voice.

3. pl.

Defn: See Sound boarding, under Sound, a noise.

SOUNDLESS Sound"less, a.

Defn: Not capable of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable. Shak.

SOUNDLESS Sound"less, a.

Defn: Having no sound; noiseless; silent. — Sound"less*ly, adv. — Sound"less*ness, n.

SOUNDLY Sound"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sound manner.

SOUNDNESS Sound"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sound; as, the soundness of timber, of fruit, of the teeth, etc.; the soundness of reasoning or argument; soundness of faith.

Syn. — Firmness; strength; solidity; healthiness; truth; rectitude.

SOUNE Soune, v. t. & i.

Defn: To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOUNST Sounst, a.

Defn: Soused. See Souse. [Obs.]

SOUP Soup, n. Etym: [F. soupe, OF. sope, supe, soupe, perhaps originally, a piece of bread; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. D. sop sop, G. suppe soup. See Sop something dipped in a liquid, and cf. Supper.]

Defn: A liquid food of many kinds, usually made by boiling meat and vegetables, or either of them, in water, — commonly seasoned or flavored; strong broth. Soup kitchen, an establishment for preparing and supplying soup to the poor. — Soup ticket, a ticket conferring the privilege of receiving soup at a soup kitchen.

SOUP Soup, v. t.

Defn: To sup or swallow. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SOUP Soup, v. t.

Defn: To breathe out. [Obs.] amden.

SOUP Soup, v. t.

Defn: To sweep. See Sweep, and Swoop. [Obs.]

SOUPCON Soup`çon", n. [F.]

Defn: A suspicion; a suggestion; hence, a very small portion; a taste; as, coffee with a soupçon of brandy; a soupçon of coquetry.

SOUPE-MAIGRE Soupe`-mai"gre, n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: Soup made chiefly from vegetables or fish with a little butter and a few condiments.

SOUPLE Sou"ple, n.

Defn: That part of a flail which strikes the grain. Knight.

SOUPY Soup"y, a.

Defn: Resembling soup; souplike.

SOUR Sour, a. [Compar. Sourer; superl. Sourest.] Etym: [OE. sour, sur, AS. s; akin to D. zuur, G. sauer, OHG. s, Icel. s, Sw. sur, Dan. suur, Lith. suras salt, Russ. surovui harsh, rough. Cf. Sorrel, the plant.]

1. Having an acid or sharp, biting taste, like vinegar, and the juices of most unripe fruits; acid; tart. All sour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite. Bacon.

2. Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid, rancid, or musty, turned.

3. Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed; peevish; morose; as, a man of a sour temper; a sour reply. "A sour countenance." Swift. He was a scholar . . . Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, But to those men that sought him sweet as summer. Shak.

4. Afflictive; painful. "Sour adversity." Shak.

5. Cold and unproductive; as, sour land; a sour marsh. Sour dock (Bot.), sorrel. — Sour gourd (Bot.), the gourdlike fruit Adansonia Gregorii, and A. digitata; also, either of the trees bearing this fruit. See Adansonia. — Sour grapes. See under Grape. — Sour gum (Bot.) See Turelo. — Sour plum (Bot.), the edible acid fruit of an Australian tree (Owenia venosa); also, the tree itself, which furnished a hard reddish wood used by wheelwrights.

Syn. — Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh; acrimonious; crabbed; currish; peevish.

SOUR Sour, n.

Defn: A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect. Spenser.

SOUR Sour, v. t. Etym: [AS. s to sour, to become sour.]

1. To cause to become sour; to cause to turn from sweet to sour; as, exposure to the air sours many substances. So the sun's heat, with different powers, Ripens the grape, the liquor sours. Swift.

2. To make cold and unproductive, as soil. Mortimer.

3. To make unhappy, uneasy, or less agreeable. To sour your happiness I must report, The queen is dead. Shak.

4. To cause or permit to become harsh or unkindly. "Souring his cheeks." Shak. Pride had not sour'd nor wrath debased my heart. Harte.

5. To macerate, and render fit for plaster or mortar; as, to sour lime for business purposes.

SOUR Sour, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soured; p. pr. & vb. n. Souring.]

Defn: To become sour; to turn from sweet to sour; as, milk soon sours in hot weather; a kind temper sometimes sours in adversity. They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder the hatred of vice from souring into severity. Addison.

SOURCE Source, n. Etym: [OE. sours, OF. sourse, surse, sorse, F. source, fr. OF. sors, p.p. of OF. sordre, surdre, sourdre, to spring forth or up, F. sourdre, fr. L. surgere to lift or raise up, to spring up. See Surge, and cf. Souse to plunge or swoop as a bird upon its prey.]

1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.] Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth into the air, right so prayers . . . Maken their sours to Goddes ears two. Chaucer.

2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain. Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his firste springing and his sours. Chaucer. Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the Nile. Addison.

3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause. This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself. Locke. The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense. Pope.

Syn. — See Origin.

SOURCROUT Sour"crout`, n.

Defn: See Sauerkraut.

SOURDE Sourde, v. i. Etym: [F. sourdre. See Source.]

Defn: To have origin or source; to rise; to spring. [Obs.] Now might men ask whereof that pride sourdeth. Chaucer.

SOURING Sour"ing, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any sour apple.

SOURISH Sour"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat sour; moderately acid; as, sourish fruit; a sourish taste.

SOURKROUT Sour"krout`, n.

Defn: Same as Sauerkraut.

SOURLY Sour"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sour manner; with sourness.

SOURNESS Sour"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sour.

SOURS Sours, n.

Defn: Source. See Source. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOURSOP Sour"sop`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The large succulent and slightly acid fruit of a small tree (Anona muricata) of the West Indies; also, the tree itself. It is closely allied to the custard apple.

SOURWOOD Sour"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The sorrel tree.

SOUS; SOUSE Sous, Souse (F. soo; colloq. Eng. sous), n.

Defn: A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] Colman, the Elder.

SOUSE Souse, n. Etym: [OF. sausse. See Sauce.] [Written also souce, sowce, and sowse.]

1. Pickle made with salt.

2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine. And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his souse. Tusser.

3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.]

4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.

SOUSE Souse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soused; p. pr. & vb. n. Sousing.] Etym: [Cf. F. saucer to wet with sauce. See Souse pickle.]

1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. "A soused gurnet." Shak.

2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid. They soused me over head and ears in water. Addison.

3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly. Although I be well soused in this shower. Gascoigne.

SOUSE Souse, v. i. Etym: [Probably fr. OF. sors, p.p. of sordre to rise, and first used of an upward swood, then of a swoop in general, but also confused with Souse, v. t. See Source.]

Defn: To swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack. For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy main. Marston. Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare. J. Dryden. Jr.

SOUSE Souse, v. t.

Defn: To pounce upon. [R.] [The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers, To souse annoyance that comes near his nest. Shak.

SOUSE Souse, n.

Defn: The act of sousing, or swooping. As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse full near. Spenser.

SOUSE Souse, adv.

Defn: With a sudden swoop; violently. Young.

SOUSLIK Sous"lik, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Suslik.

SOUT Sout, n.

Defn: Soot. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOUTACHE Sou`tache", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of narrow braid, usually of silk; — also known as Russian braid.

SOUTAGE Sout"age ( or ; 48), n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: That in which anything is packed; bagging, as for hops. [Obs.] Halliwell.

SOUTANE Sou`tane", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. sotana, or It. sottana, LL. subtana, fr. L. subtus below, beneath, fr. sub under.] (Eccl. Costume)

Defn: A close garnment with straight sleeves, and skirts reaching to the ankles, and buttoned in front from top to bottom; especially, the black garment of this shape worn by the clergy in France and Italy as their daily dress; a cassock.

SOUTER Sou"ter, n. Etym: [AS. s, fr. It. sutor, fr. suere to sew.]

Defn: A shoemaker; a cobbler. [Obs.] Chaucer. There is no work better than another to please God: . . . to wash dishes, to be a souter, or an apostle, — all is one. Tyndale.

SOUTERLY Sou"ter*ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cobbler or cobblers; like a cobbler; hence, vulgar; low. [Obs.]

SOUTERRAIN Sou"ter*rain, n. Etym: [F. See Subterranean.]

Defn: A grotto or cavern under ground. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

SOUTH South (; by sailors sou), n. Etym: [OE. south, suþ, AS. suedh for sunedh; akin to D. zuid, OHG. sund, G. süd, süden, Icel. suedhr, sunnr, Dan. syd, sönden, Sw. syd, söder, sunnan; all probably akin to E. sun, meaning, the side towards the sun. sq. root297. See Sun.]

1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to the north; the region or direction to the right or direction to the right of a person who faces the east.

2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south than another; the southern section of a country. "The queen of the south." Matt. xii. 42.

3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line.

4. The wind from the south. [Obs.] Shak.

SOUTH South, a.

Defn: Lying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a southern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or coming from the south; blowing from the south; southern; as, the south pole. "At the south entry." Shak. South-Sea tea (Bot.) See Yaupon.

SOUTH South

Defn: , adv.

1. Toward the south; southward.

2. From the south; as, the wind blows south. Bacon.

SOUTH South, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Southed; p. pr. & vb. n. Southing.]

1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the south.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line; — said chiefly of the moon; as, the moon souths at nine.

SOUTHCOTTIAN South*cot"ti*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Joanna Southcott (1750-1814), an Englishwoman who, professing to have received a miraculous calling, preached and prophesied, and committed many impious absurdities.

SOUTHDOWN South"down`, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the South Downs, a range of pasture hills south of the Thames, in England. Southdown sheep (Zoöl.), a celebrated breed of shortwooled, hornless sheep, highly valued on account of the delicacy of their flesh. So called from the South Downs where the breed originated.

SOUTHDOWN South"down`, n.

Defn: A Southdown sheep.

SOUTHEAST South`east" (; by sailors sou"-), n.

Defn: The point of the compass equally distant from the south and the east; the southeast part or region.

SOUTHEAST South`east (; by sailors sou"-), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding toward, or coming from, the southeast; as, a southeast course; a southeast wind.

SOUTHEASTER South`east"er, n.

Defn: A storm, strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.

SOUTHEASTER South`east"er, adv.

Defn: Toward the southeast.

SOUTHEASTERN South`east"ern, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the southeast; southeasterly.

SOUTHEASTWARD; SOUTHEASTWARDLY South`east"ward, South`east"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the southeast.

SOUTHER South"er, n.

Defn: A strong wind, gale, or storm from the south.

SOUTHERLINESS South"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being southerly; direction toward the south.

SOUTHERLY South"er*ly, a.

Defn: Southern.

SOUTHERN South"ern, a. Etym: [AS. s. See South.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the south; situated in, or proceeding from, the south; situated or proceeding toward the south. Southern Cross (Astron.), a constellation of the southern hemisphere containing several bright stars so related in position as to resemble a cross. — Southern Fish (Astron.), a constelation of the southern hemisphere (Piscis Australis) containing the bright star Fomalhaut. — Southern States (U.S. Hist. & Geog.), the States of the American Union lying south of Pennsylvania and the Ohio River, with Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Before the Civil War, Missouri also, being a slave State, was classed as one of the Southern States.

SOUTHERN South"ern, n.

Defn: A Southerner. [R.]

SOUTHERNER South"ern*er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant or native of the south, esp. of the Southern States of North America; opposed to Northerner.

SOUTHERNLINESS South"ern*li*ness, n.

Defn: Southerliness.

SOUTHERNLY South"ern*ly, a.

Defn: Somewhat southern. — adv.

Defn: In a southerly manner or course; southward.

SOUTHERNMOST South"ern*most`, a.

Defn: Farthest south.

SOUTHERNWOOD South"ern*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrubby species of wormwood (Artemisia Abrotanum) having aromatic foliage. It is sometimes used in making beer.

SOUTHING South"ing, n.

1. Tendency or progress southward; as, the southing of the sun. Emerson.

2. The time at which the moon, or other heavenly body, passes the meridian of a place.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: Distance of any heavenly body south of the equator; south declination; south latitude.

4. (Surv. & Navigation)

Defn: Distance southward from any point departure or of reckoning, measured on a meridian; — opposed to northing.

SOUTHLY South"ly, adv.

Defn: Southerly. [Obs. & R.]

SOUTHMOST South"most`, a.

Defn: Farthest toward the south; southernmost. [R.] Milton.

SOUTHNESS South"ness, n.

Defn: A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point toward the south pole. Faraday.

SOUTHPAW South"paw`, a. (Baseball)

Defn: Using the left hand in pitching; said of a pitcher. [Cant]

SOUTHPAW South"paw`, n.

Defn: A pitcher who pitches with the left hand. [Cant]

SOUTHREN South"ren, a.

Defn: Southern. [Obs.] "I am a Southren man." Chaucer.

SOUTHRON South"ron, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the more southern part of a country; formerly, a name given in Scotland to any Englishman.

SOUTHSAY South"say`, v. i.

Defn: See Soothsay. [Obs.]

SOUTHSAYER South"say`er, n.

Defn: See Soothsayer. [Obs.]

SOUTH; SOUTHERLY South` south"er*ly. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the old squaw; — so called in imitation of its cry. Called also southerly, and southerland. See under Old.

SOUTHWARD; SOUTHWARDS South"ward, South"wards, adv.

Defn: Toward the south, or toward a point nearer the south than the east or west point; as, to go southward.

SOUTHWARD South"ward, a.

Defn: Toward the south.

SOUTHWARD South"ward, n.

Defn: The southern regions or countries; the south. Sir W. Raleigh.

SOUTHWARDLY South"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: In a southern direction.

SOUTHWEST South`west (; colloq. sou"-.), n.

Defn: The point of the compass equally from the south and the west; the southwest part or region.

SOUTHWEST South`west", a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the southwest; proceeding toward the southwest; coming from the southwest; as, a southwest wind.

SOUTHWESTER South`west"er (; colloq. , n.

1. A storm, gale, or strong wind from the southwest.

2. A hat made of painted canvas, oiled cloth, or the like, with a flap at the back, — worn in stormy weather.

SOUTHWESTERLY South`west"er*ly, a.

Defn: To ward or from the southwest; as, a southwesterly course; a southwesterly wind.

SOUTHWESTERN South`west"ern, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the southwest; southwesterly; as, to sail a southwestern course.

SOUTHWESTWARD; SOUTHWESTWARDLY South`west"ward, South`west"ward*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the southwest.

SOUVENANCE; SOVENAUNCE Sou"ve*nance, So"ve*naunce, n. Etym: [F. souvenance.]

Defn: Remembrance. [Obs.] Of his way he had no sovenance. Spenser.

SOUVENIR Sou`ve*nir ( or ), n. Etym: [F., fr. souvenir to remember, fr. L. subvenire to come up, come to mind; sub under + venire to come, akin to E. come. See Come, and cf. Subvention.]

Defn: That which serves as a reminder; a remembrancer; a memento; a keepsake.

SOVEREIGN Sov"er*eign ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [OE. soverain, sovereyn, OF. soverain, suvrain, F. souverain, LL. superanus, fr. L. superus that is above, upper, higher, fr. super above. See Over, Super, and cf. Soprano. The modern spelling is due to a supposed connection with reign.]

1. Supreme or highest in power; superior to all others; chief; as, our sovereign prince.

2. Independent of, and unlimited by, any other; possessing, or entitled to, original authority or jurisdiction; as, a sovereign state; a sovereign discretion.

3. Princely; royal. "Most sovereign name." Shak. At Babylon was his sovereign see. Chaucer.

4. Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount. We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good. Hooker.

5. Efficacious in the highest degree; effectual; controlling; as, a sovereign remedy. Dryden. Such a sovereign influence has this passion upon the regulation of the lives and actions of men. South. Sovereign state, a state which administers its own government, and is not dependent upon, or subject to, another power.

SOVEREIGN Sov"er*eign ( or ; 277), n.

1. The person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; especially, in a monarchy, a king, queen, or emperor. No question is to be made but that the bed of the Mississippi belongs to the sovereign, that is, to the nation. Jefferson.

2. A gold coin of Great Britain, on which an effigy of the head of the reigning king or queen is stamped, valued at one pound sterling, or about $4.86.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any butterfly of the tribe Nymphalidi, or genus Basilarchia, as the ursula and the viceroy.

Syn. — King; prince; monarch; potentate; emperor.

SOVEREIGNIZE Sov"er*eign*ize, v. i.

Defn: To exercise supreme authority. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

SOVEREIGNLY Sov"er*eign*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sovereign manner; in the highest degree; supremely. Chaucer.

SOVEREIGNTY Sov"er*eign*ty, n.; pl. Sovereignties. Etym: [OE. soverainetee, OF. sovraineté, F. souveraineté.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sovereign, or of being a sovereign; the exercise of, or right to exercise, supreme power; dominion; sway; supremacy; independence; also, that which is sovereign; a sovereign state; as, Italy was formerly divided into many sovereignties. Woman desiren to have sovereignty As well over their husband as over their love. Chaucer.

SOVRAN Sov"ran, a.

Defn: A variant of Sovereign. [Poetic] On thy bald, awful head, O sovran Blanc. Coleridge.

SOW Sow, v. i.

Defn: To sew. See Sew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOW Sow, n. Etym: [OE. sowe, suwe, AS. sugu, akin to su, D. zog, zeug, OHG. su, G. sau, Icel. syr, Dan. so, Sw. sugga, so, L. sus. Gr. "y^s, sy^s, Zend. hu boar; probably from the root seen in Skr. su to beget, to bear; the animal being named in allusion to its fecundity. sq. root294. Cf. Hyena, Soil to stain, Son, Swine.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of swine, or of the hog kind.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sow bug.

3. (Metal.) (a) A channel or runner which receives the rows of molds in the pig bed. (b) The bar of metal which remains in such a runner. (c) A mass of solidified metal in a furnace hearth; a salamander.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of covered shed, formerly used by besiegers in filling up and passing the ditch of a besieged place, sapping and mining the wall, or the like. Craig. Sow bread. (Bot.) See Cyclamen. — Sow bug, or Sowbug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of terrestrial Isopoda belonging to Oniscus, Porcellio, and allied genera of the family Oniscidæ. They feed chiefly on decaying vegetable substances. — Sow thistle Etym: [AS. sugepistel] (Bot.), a composite plant (Sonchus oleraceus) said to be eaten by swine and some other animals.

SOW Sow, v. t. [imp. Sowed; p. p. Sown or Sowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sowing.] Etym: [OE. sowen, sawen, AS. sawan; akin to OFries. s, D. zaaijen, OS. & HG. sajan, G. säen, Icel. sa, Sw. så, Dan. saae, Goth. saian, Lith. seti, Russ. sieiate, L. serere, sevi. Cf. Saturday, Season, Seed, Seminary.]

1. To scatter, as seed, upon the earth; to plant by strewing; as, to sow wheat. Also used figuratively: To spread abroad; to propagate. "He would sow some difficulty." Chaucer. A sower went forth to sow; and when he sowed, some seeds fell by the wayside. Matt. xiii. 3, 4. And sow dissension in the hearts of brothers. Addison.

2. To scatter seed upon, in, or over; to supply or stock, as land, with seeds. Also used figuratively: To scatter over; to besprinkle. The intellectual faculty is a goodly field, . . . and it is the worst husbandry in the world to sow it with trifles. Sir M. Hale. [He] sowed with stars the heaven. Milton. Now morn . . . sowed the earth with orient pearl. Milton.

SOW Sow, v. i.

Defn: To scatter seed for growth and the production of a crop; — literally or figuratively. They that sow in tears shall reap in joi. Ps. cxxvi. 5.

SOWANS Sow"ans ( or ), n. pl.

Defn: See Sowens.

SOWAR Sow"ar, n. Etym: [Per. sawar a horseman.]

Defn: In India, a mounted soldier.

SOWBANE Sow"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The red goosefoot (Chenopodium rubrum), — said to be fatal to swine.

SOWCE Sowce, n. & v.

Defn: See Souse. [Obs.]

SOWDAN Sow"dan, n. Etym: [F. soudan. See Soldan.]

Defn: Sultan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOWDANESSE Sow"dan*esse`, n.

Defn: A sultaness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOWENS Sow"ens ( or ), n. pl. Etym: [Scottish; cf. AS. seáw juice, glue, paste.]

Defn: A nutritious article of food, much used in Scotland, made from the husk of the oat by a process not unlike that by which common starch is made; — called flummery in England. [Written also sowans, and sowins.]

SOWER Sow"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sows.

SOWINS Sow"ins ( or ), n. pl.

Defn: See Sowens.

SOWL; SOWLE Sowl, Sowle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. prov. G. zaulen, zauseln, G. zausen to tug, drag.]

Defn: To pull by the ears; to drag about. [Obs.] hak.

SOWL Sowl, v. i.

Defn: See Soul, v. i. [Obs.]

SOWN Sown,

Defn: p. p. of Sow.

SOWNE Sowne, v. t. & i.

Defn: To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOWSE Sowse, n. & v.

Defn: See Souse. [Obs.] ryden.

SOWTER Sow"ter, n.

Defn: See Souter. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SOY Soy, n. Etym: [Chinese shoyu.]

1. A Chinese and Japanese liquid sauce for fish, etc., made by subjecting boiled beans (esp. soja beans), or beans and meal, to long fermentation and then long digestion in salt and water.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The soja, a kind of bean. See Soja.

SOYLE Soyle, v. t. Etym: [Aphetic form of assoil.]

Defn: To solve, to clear up; as, to soyl all other texts. [Obs.] Tyndate.

SOYLE Soyle, n. Etym: [Cf. Soil to feed.]

Defn: Prey. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOYNED Soyn"ed ( or ), a. Etym: [F. soigner to care.]

Defn: Filled with care; anxious. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

SOZZLE Soz"zle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. from soss, v.]

1. To splash or wet carelessly; as, to sozzle the feet in water. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

2. To heap up in confusion. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

SOZZLE Soz"zle, n.

1. One who spills water or other liquids carelessly; specifically, a sluttish woman. [Local, U.S.]

2. A mass, or heap, confusedly mingled. [Prov. Eng.]

SPA Spa, n.

Defn: A spring or mineral water; — so called from a place of this name in Belgium.

SPAAD Spaad, n. Etym: [Cf. G. spath spar. See Spar the mineral.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of spar; earth flax, or amianthus. [Obs.] oodward.

SPACE Space, n. Etym: [OE. space, F. espace, from L. spatium space; cf. Gr. span. Cf. Expatiate.]

1. Extension, considered independently of anything which it may contain; that which makes extended objects conceivable and possible. Pure space is capable neither of resistance nor motion. Locke.

2. Place, having more or They gave him chase, and hunted him as hare; Long had he no space to dwell [in]. R. of Brunne. While I have time and space. Chaucer.

3. A quantity or portion of extension; distance from one thing to another; an interval between any two or more objects; as, the space between two stars or two hills; the sound was heard for the space of a mile. Put a space betwixt drove and drove. Gen. xxxii. 16.

4. Quantity of time; an interval between two points of time; duration; time. "Grace God gave him here, this land to keep long space." R. of brunne. Nine times the space that measures day and night. Milton. God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a people a longer space of repentance. Tillotson.

5. A short time; a while. [R.] "To stay your deadly strife a space." Spenser.

6. Walk; track; path; course. [Obs.] This ilke [same] monk let old things pace, And held after the new world the space. Chaucer.

7. (print.) (a) A small piece of metal cast lower than a face type, so as not to receive the ink in printing, — used to separate words or letters. (b) The distance or interval between words or letters in the lines, or between lines, as in books.

Note: Spaces are of different thicknesses to enable the compositor to arrange the words at equal distances from each other in the same line.

8. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the intervals, or open places, between the lines of the staff. Absolute space, Euclidian space, etc. See under Absolute, Euclidian, etc. — Space line (Print.), a thin piece of metal used by printers to open the lines of type to a regular distance from each other, and for other purposes; a lead. Hansard. — Space rule (Print.), a fine, thin, short metal rule of the same height as the type, used in printing short lines in tabular matter.

SPACE Space, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. espacier, L. spatiari. See Space, n.]

Defn: To walk; to rove; to roam. [Obs.] And loved in forests wild to space. Spenser.

SPACE Space, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Spacong.] Etym: [Cf. F. espacer. See Space, n.] (Print.)

Defn: To arrange or adjust the spaces in or between; as, to space words, lines, or letters.

SPACE BAR; SPACE KEY Space bar or key. (Mach.)

Defn: A bar or key, in a typewriter or typesetting machine, used for spacing between letters.

SPACEFUL Space"ful, a.

Defn: Wide; extensive. Sandys.

SPACELESS Space"less, a.

Defn: Without space. Coleridge.

SPACIAL Spa"cial, a.

Defn: See Spatial.

SPACIALLY Spa"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: See Spatially. Sir W,Hamilton.

SPACIOUS Spa"cious, a. Etym: [L. spatiousus: cf. F. spacieux. See Space, n.]

1. Extending far and wide; vast in extent. "A spacious plain outstretched in circuit wide." Milton.

2. Inclosing an extended space; having large or ample room; not contracted or narrow; capacious; roomy; as, spacious bounds; a spacious church; a spacious hall. — Spa"cious*ly, adv. — Spa"cious*ness, n.

SPAD Spad, n. (Mining)

Defn: A nail one or two inches long, of iron, brass, tin, or tinner iron, with a hole through the flattened head, used to mark stations in underground surveying.

SPADASSIN Spa`das`sin", n. Etym: [F., fr. It. spadaccino a swordsman, from spada a sword.]

Defn: A bravo; a bully; a duelist. Ld. Lytton.

SPADDLE Spad"dle, n.

Defn: A little spade. [Obs.]

SPADE Spade, n. Etym: [Cf. Spay, n.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hart or stag three years old. [Written also spaid, spayade.]

2. Etym: [Cf. L. spado.]

Defn: A castrated man or beast.

SPADE Spade, n. Etym: [AS. spæd; spada; akin to D. spade, G. spaten, Icel. spaedhi, Dan. & Sw. spade, L. spatha a spatula, a broad two-edged sword, a spathe, Gr. spa`qh. Cf. Epaulet, Spade at cards, Spathe, Spatula.]

1. An implement for digging or cutting the ground, consisting usually of an oblong and nearly rectangular blade of iron, with a handle like that of a shovel. "With spade and pickax armed." Milton.

2. Etym: [Sp. espada, literally, a sword; — so caused because these cards among the Spanish bear the figure of a sword. Sp. espada is fr. L. spatha, Gr. spa`qh. See the Etymology above.]

Defn: One of that suit of cards each of which bears one or more figures resembling a spade. "Let spades be trumps!" she said. Pope.

3. A cutting instrument used in flensing a whale. Spade bayonet, a bayonet with a broad blade which may be used digging; — called also trowel bayonet. — Spade handle (Mach.), the forked end of a connecting rod in which a pin is held at both ends. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle.

SPADE Spade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Spading.]

Defn: To dig with a spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with a spade.

SPADEBONE Spade"bone` (, n.

Defn: Shoulder blade. [Prov. Eng.]

SPADEFISH Spade"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American market fish (Chætodipterus faber) common on the southern coasts; — called also angel fish, moonfish, and porgy.

SPADEFOOT Spade"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of burrowing toads of the genus Scaphiopus, esp. S. Holbrookii, of the Eastern United States; — called also spade toad.

SPADEFUL Spade"ful, n.; pl. Spadefuls. Etym: [Spade + full.]

Defn: As much as a spade will hold or lift.

SPADER Spad"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, spades; specifically, a digging machine.

SPADICEOUS Spa*di"ceous, a. Etym: [L. spadix, -icis, a date-brown or nut-brown color. See Spadix.]

1. Of a bright clear brown or chestnut color. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing flowers on a spadix; of the nature of a spadix.

SPADICOSE Spa"di*cose`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Spadiceous.

SPADILLE Spa*dille", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. espadilla, dim. of espada. See Spade a card.] (Card Playing)

Defn: The ace of spades in omber and quadrille.

SPADIX Spa"dix, n.; pl. L. Spadices, E. Spadixes. Etym: [L., a palm branch broken off, with its fruit, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy spike of flowers, usually inclosed in a leaf called a spathe.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A special organ of the nautilus, due to a modification of the posterior tentacles.

SPADO Spa"do, n.; pl. Spadones. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. Same as Spade, 2.

2. (Law)

Defn: An impotent person.

SPADROON Spa*droon", n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Sp. espadon, It. spadone. See Espadon, Spade.]

Defn: A sword, especially a broadsword, formerly used both to cut and thrust.

SPAE Spae, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Spaeing.] Etym: [Scot. spae, spay, to foretell, to divine, Icel. spa.]

Defn: To foretell; to divine. [Scot.]

SPAEMAN Spae"man, n.

Defn: A prophet; a diviner. [Scot.]

SPAEWIFE Spae"wife`, n.

Defn: A female fortune teller. [Scot.]

SPAGHETTI Spa*ghet"ti, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A variety or macaroni made in tubes of small diameter.

SPAGYRIC; SPAGYRICAL Spa*gyr"ic, Spa*gyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. sparygicus, fr. Gr. spagirique.]

Defn: Chemical; alchemical. [Obs.]

SPAGYRIC Spa*gyr"ic, n.

Defn: A spagyrist. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SPAGYRIST Spag"y*rist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. spagiriste.]

1. A chemist, esp. one devoted to alchemistic pursuits. [Obs.]

2. One of a sect which arose in the days of alchemy, who sought to discover remedies for disease by chemical means. The spagyrists historically preceded the iatrochemists. Encyc. Brit.

SPAHI; SPAHEE Spa"hi, Spa"hee, n. Etym: [Per., Turk., & Hind. sipahi: cf. F. spahi. See Seroy.]

1. Formerly, one of the Turkish cavalry.

2. An Algerian cavalryman in the French army.

SPAID Spaid, n.

Defn: See 1st Spade.

SPAKE Spake, archaic

Defn: imp. of Speak.

SPAKENET Spake"net`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A net for catching crabs. Halliwell.

SPAKY Spak"y, a.

Defn: Specky. [Obs.] hapman.

SPALDING KNIFE Spald"ing knife`.

Defn: A spalting knife.

SPALE Spale, n. Etym: [Cf. Spell a splinter.]

1. A lath; a shaving or chip, as of wood or stone. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A strengthening cross timber.

SPALL Spall, n. Etym: [OF. espaule; cf. It. spalla. See Epaule.]

Defn: The shoulder. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPALL Spall, n. Etym: [Prov. E. spall, spell. See Spale, Spell a splinter.]

Defn: A chip or fragment, especially a chip of stone as struck off the block by the hammer, having at least one feather-edge.

SPALL Spall, v. t.

1. (Mining)

Defn: To break into small pieces, as ore, for the purpose of separating from rock. Pryce.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: To reduce, as irregular blocks of stone, to an approximately level surface by hammering.

SPALL Spall, v. i.

Defn: To give off spalls, or wedge-shaped chips; — said of stone, as when badly set, with the weight thrown too much on the outer surface.

SPALPEEN Spal"peen, n. Etym: [Ir. spailpin, fr. spailp a beau, pride, self- conceit.]

Defn: A scamp; an Irish term for a good-for-nothing fellow; — often used in good-humored contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.]

SPALT Spalt, n. Etym: [Cf. G. spaltstein, from spalten to split. See 1st Spell.] (Metal.)

Defn: Spelter. [Colloq.]

SPALT Spalt, a. Etym: [See 1st Spell.]

1. Liable to break or split; brittle; as, spalt timber. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. Heedless; clumsy; pert; saucy. [Prov. Eng.]

SPALT Spalt, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. OE. spalden. See Spalt, a.]

Defn: To split off; to cleave off, as chips from a piece of timber, with an ax. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

SPALTING KNIFE Spalt"ing knife`.

Defn: A knife used in splitting codfish. [Written also spalding knife.]

SPAN Span, archaic

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Spin.

SPAN Span, n. Etym: [AS. spann; akin to D. span, OHG. spanna, G. spanne, Icel. spönn. sq. root170. See Span, v. t. ]

1. The space from the thumb to the end of the little finger when extended; nine inches; eighth of a fathom.

2. Hence, a small space or a brief portion of time. Yet not to earth's contracted span Thy goodness let me bound. Pope. Life's but a span; I'll every inch enjoy. Farquhar.

3. The spread or extent of an arch between its abutments, or of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like, between its supports.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope having its ends made fast so that a purchase can be hooked to the bight; also, a rope made fast in the center so that both ends can be used.

5. Etym: [Cf. D. span, Sw. spann, Dan. spænd, G. gespann. See Span, v. t. ]

Defn: A pair of horses or other animals driven together; usually, such a pair of horses when similar in color, form, and action. Span blocks (Naut.), blocks at the topmast and topgallant-mast heads, for the studding-sail halyards. — Span counter, an old English child's game, in which one throws a counter on the ground, and another tries to hit it with his counter, or to get his counter so near it that he can span the space between them, and touch both the counters. Halliwell. "Henry V., in whose time boys went to span counter for French crowns." Shak. — Span iron (Naut.), a special kind of harpoon, usually secured just below the gunwale of a whaleboat. — Span roof, a common roof, having two slopes and one ridge, with eaves on both sides. Gwilt. — Span shackle (Naut.), a large bolt driven through the forecastle deck, with a triangular shackle in the head to receive the heel of the old-fashioned fish davit. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SPAN Span, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Spanning.] Etym: [AS. pannan; akin to D. & G. spannen, OHG. spannan, Sw. spänna, Dan. spænde, Icel. spenna, and perh. to Gr. spatium space. sq. root170. Cf. Spin, v. t., Space, Spasm.]

1. To measure by the span of the hand with the fingers extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object; as, to span a space or distance; to span a cylinder. My right hand hath spanned the heavens. Isa. xiviii. 13.

2. To reach from one side of to the order; to stretch over as an arch. The rivers were spanned by arches of solid masonry. prescott.

3. To fetter, as a horse; to hobble.

SPAN Span, v. i.

Defn: To be matched, as horses. [U. S.]

SPANAEMIA Spa*næ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of impoverishment of the blood; a morbid state in which the red corpuscles, or other important elements of the blood, are deficient.

SPANAEMIC Spa*næ"mic ( or ), a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to spanæmia; having impoverished blood.

SPANCEL Span"cel, n. Etym: [Perhaps span + AS. sal a rope.]

Defn: A rope used for tying or hobbling the legs of a horse or cow. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.] Grose.

SPANCEL Span"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanceled or Spancelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Spanceling or Spancelling.]

Defn: To tie or hobble with a spancel. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.] Malone.

SPANDOGS Span"dogs`, n. pl.

Defn: A pair of grappling dogs for hoisting logs and timber.

SPANDREL Span"drel, n. Etym: [From Span.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: The irregular triangular space between the curve of an arch and the inclosing right angle; or the space between the outer moldings of two contiguous arches and a horizontal line above them, or another arch above and inclosing them.

2. A narrow mat or passe partout for a picture. [Cant]

SPANE Spane, v. t. Etym: [Akin to G. spänen, LG. & D. spennen, AS. spanu a teat.]

Defn: To wean. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SPANG Spang, v. t.

Defn: To spangle. [Obs.]

SPANG Spang, v. i.

Defn: To spring; to bound; to leap. [Scot.] But when they spang o'er reason's fence, We smart for't at our own expense. Ramsay.

SPANG Spang, n.

Defn: A bound or spring. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SPANG Spang, n. Etym: [AS. spange a clasp or fastening; akin to D. spang, G. spange, OHG. spanga, Icel. spöng a spangle.]

Defn: A spangle or shining ornament. [Obs.] With glittering spangs that did like stars appear. Spenser.

SPANGLE Span"gle, n. Etym: [OE. spangel, dim. of AS. spange. See Spang a spangle.]

1. A small plate or boss of shining metal; something brilliant used as an ornament, especially when stitched on the dress.

2. Figuratively, any little thing that sparkless. "The rich spangles that adorn the sky." Waller. Oak spangle. See under Oak.

SPANGLE Span"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Spangling.]

Defn: To set or sprinkle with, or as with, spangles; to adorn with small, distinct, brilliant bodies; as, a spangled breastplate. Donne. What stars do spangle heaven with such beauty Shak. Spangled coquette (Zoöl.), a tropical humming bird (Lophornis reginæ). See Coquette, 2.

SPANGLE Span"gle, v. i.

Defn: To show brilliant spots or points; to glisten; to glitter. Some men by feigning words as dark as mine Make truth to spangle, and its rays to shine. Bunyan.

SPANGLER Span"gler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, spangles.

SPANGLY Span"gly, a.

Defn: Resembling, or consisting of, spangles; glittering; as, spangly light.

SPANIARD Span"iard, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Spain.

SPANIEL Span"iel, n. Etym: [OF. espagneul, F. épagneul, espagnol Spanish, Sp. españnol, fr. España Spain, from L. Hispania.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of small dogs having long and thick hair and large drooping ears. The legs are usually strongly feathered, and the tail bushy. See Illust. under Clumber, and Cocker.

Note: There are several varieties of spaniels, some of which, known as field spaniels, are used in hunting; others are used for toy or pet dogs, as the Blenheim spaniel, and the King Charles spaniel (see under Blenheim). Of the field spaniels, the larger kinds are called springers, and to these belong the Sussex, Norfolk, and Clumber spaniels (see Clumber). The smaller field spaniels, used in hunting woodcock, are called cocker spaniels (see Cocker). Field spaniels are remarkable for their activity and intelligence. As a spaniel she will on him leap. Chaucer.

2. A cringing, fawning person. Shak.

SPANIEL Span"iel, a.

Defn: Cringing; fawning. Shak.

SPANIEL Span"iel, v. i.

Defn: To fawn; to cringe; to be obsequious. [R.] Churchill.

SPANIEL Span"iel, v. t.

Defn: To follow like a spaniel. [R.]

SPANISH Span"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Spain or the Spaniards. Spanish bayonet (Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Yucca alorifolia) with rigid spine-tipped leaves. The name is also applied to other similar plants of the Southwestern United States and mexico. Called also Spanish daggers. — Spanish bean (Bot.) See the Note under Bean. — Spanish black, a black pigment obtained by charring cork. Ure. — Spanish broom (Bot.), a leguminous shrub (Spartium junceum) having many green flexible rushlike twigs. — Spanish brown, a species of earth used in painting, having a dark reddish brown color, due to the presence of sesquioxide of iron. — Spanish buckeye (Bot.), a small tree (Ungnadia speciosa) of Texas, New Mexico, etc., related to the buckeye, but having pinnate leaves and a three-seeded fruit. — Spanish burton (Naut.), a purchase composed of two single blocks. A double Spanish burton has one double and two single blocks. Luce (Textbook of Seamanship). — Spanish chalk (Min.), a kind of steatite; — so called because obtained from Aragon in Spain. — Spanish cress (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (lepidium Cadamines), a species of peppergrass. — Spanish curiew (Zoöl.), the long-billed curlew. [U.S.] — Spanish daggers (Bot.) See Spanish bayonet. — Spanish elm (Bot.), a large West Indian tree (Cordia Gerascanthus) furnishing hard and useful timber. — Spanish feretto, a rich reddish brown pigment obtained by calcining copper and sulphur together in closed crucibles. — Spanish flag (Zoöl.), the California rockfish (Sebastichthys rubrivinctus). It is conspicuously colored with bands of red and white. — Spanish fly (Zoöl.), a brilliant green beetle, common in the south of Europe, used for raising blisters. See Blister beetle under Blister, and Cantharis. — Spanish fox (Naut.), a yarn twisted against its lay. — Spanish grass. (Bot.) See Esparto. — Spanish juice (Bot.), licorice. — Spanish leather. See Cordwain. — Spanish mackerel. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of mackerel (Scomber colias) found both in Europe and America. In America called chub mackerel, big-eyed mackerel, and bull mackerel. (b) In the United States, a handsome mackerel having bright yellow round spots (Scomberomorus maculatus), highly esteemed as a food fish. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to other species. See Illust. under Mackerel. — Spanish main, the name formerly given to the southern portion of the Caribbean Sea, together with the contiguous coast, embracing the route traversed by Spanish treasure ships from the New to the Old World. — Spanish moss. (Bot.) See Tillandsia. — Spanish needles (Bot.), a composite weed (Bidens bipinnata) having achenia armed with needlelike awns. — Spanish nut (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Iris Sisyrinchium) of the south of Europe. — Spanish potato (Bot.), the sweet potato. See under Potato. — Spanish red, an ocherous red pigment resembling Venetian red, but slightly yellower and warmer. Fairholt. — Spanish reef (Naut.), a knot tied in the head of a jib-headed sail. — Spanish sheep (Zoöl.), a merino. — Spanish white, an impalpable powder prepared from chalk by pulverizing and repeated washings, — used as a white pigment. — Spanish windlass (Naut.), a wooden roller, with a rope wound about it, into which a marline spike is thrust to serve as a lever.

SPANISH Span"ish, n.

Defn: The language of Spain.

SPANK Spank (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanked (; p. pr. & vb. n. Spanking.] Etym: [Of unknown origin; cf. LG. spakken, spenkern, to run and spring about quickly.]

Defn: To strike, as the breech, with the open hand; to slap.

SPANK Spank, n.

Defn: A blow with the open hand; a slap.

SPANK Spank, v. i.

Defn: To move with a quick, lively step between a trot and gallop; to move quickly. Thackeray.

SPANKER Spank"er, n.

1. One who spanks, or anything used as an instrument for spanking.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The after sail of a ship or bark, being a fore-and-aft sail attached to a boom and gaff; — sometimes called driver. See Illust. under Sail. Totten.

3. One who takes long, quick strides in walking; also, a fast horse. [Colloq.]

4. Something very large, or larger than common; a whopper, as a stout or tall person. [Colloq.] Spanker boom (Naut.), a boom to which a spanker sail is attached. See Illust. of Ship.

SPANKER Spank"er, n.

Defn: A small coin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SPANKING Spank"ing, a.

1. Moving with a quick, lively pace, or capable of so doing; dashing. Four spanking grays ready harnessed. G. Colman, the Younger.

2. Large; considerable. [Colloq.]

SPANKING BREEZE Spanking breeze (Naut.),

Defn: a strong breeze.

SPANLESS Span"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being spanned.

SPANNER Span"ner, n.

1. One who, or that which, spans.

2. The lock of a fusee or carbine; also, the fusee or carbine itself. [Obs.]

3. An iron instrument having a jaw to fit a nut or the head of a bolt, and used as a lever to turn it with; a wrench; specifically, a wrench for unscrewing or tightening the couplings of hose.

4. pl.

Defn: A contrivance in some of the ealier steam engines for moving the valves for the alternate admission and shutting off of the steam.

SPAN-NEW Span"-new`, a. Etym: [Icel. spann, properly, new as a ship just split; spann chip + n new. See Spoon, and New.]

Defn: Quite new; brand-new; fire-new. "A span-new archbishop's chair." Fuller.

SPANNISHING Span"nish*ing, n. Etym: [From OF. espanir to spread, F. épanou. See Expand.]

Defn: The full blooming of a flower. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

SPANPIECE Span"piece, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The collar of a roof; sparpiece.

SPANWORM Span"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any geometrid moth, as the cankeworm; a geometer; a measuring worm.

SPAR Spar, n. Etym: [AS. spær in spærstan chalkstone; akin to MHG. spar, G. sparkalk plaster.] (Min.)

Defn: An old name for a nonmetallic mineral, usually cleavable and somewhat lustrous; as, calc spar, or calcite, fluor spar, etc. It was especially used in the case of the gangue minerals of a metalliferous vein. Blue spar, Cube spar, etc. See under Blue, Cube, etc.

SPAR Spar, n. Etym: [OE. sparre; akin to D. spar, G. sparren, OHG. sparro, Dan.& Sw. sparre, Icel. sparri; of uncertain origin. Spar, v. t. ]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A general term any round piece of timber used as a mast, yard, boom, or gaff.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Formerly, a piece of timber, in a general sense; — still applied locally to rafters.

3. The bar of a gate or door. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spar buoy (Naut.), a buoy anchored by one end so that the other end rises above the surface of the water. — Spar deck (Naut.), the upper deck of a vessel; especially, in a frigate, the deck which is continued in a straight line from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, and on which spare spars are usually placed. See under Deck. — Spar torpedo (Naut.), a torpedo carried on the end of a spar usually projecting from the bow of a vessel, and intended to explode upon contact with an enemy's ships.

SPAR Spar, v. t. Etym: [OE. sparren, AS. sparrian; akin to G. sperren, Icel. sperra; from the noun. sq. root171. See Spara beam, bar.]

1. To bolt; to bar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To To supply or equip with spars, as a vessel.

Note: A vessel equipped with spars that are too large or too small is said to be oversparred or undersparred.

SPAR Spar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sparred; p. pr. & vb. n. Sparring.] Etym: [Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. esparer to kick, F. éparer, or Icel. sperra to stretch out the legs, to struggle.]

1. To strike with the feet or spurs, as cocks do.

2. To use the fists and arms scientifically in attack or defense; to contend or combat with the fists, as for exercise or amusement; to box. Made believe to spar at Paul with great science. Dickens.

3. To contest in words; to wrangle. [Colloq.]

SPAR Spar, n.

1. A contest at sparring or boxing.

2. A movement of offense or defense in boxing.

SPARABLE Spar"a*ble, n. Etym: [Corrupted from sparrow bill.]

Defn: A kind of small nail used by shoemakers.

SPARADA Spar"a*da, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small California surf fish (Micrometrus aggregatus); — called also shiner.

SPARADRAP Spar"a*drap, n. Etym: [F. sparadrap; cf. It. sparadrappo, NL. sparadrapa.]

1. A cerecloth. [Obs.]

2. (Med.)

Defn: Any adhesive plaster.

SPARAGE; SPARAGUS; SPARAGRASS Spar"age, Spar"a*gus, Spar"a*grass`, n.

Defn: Obs. or corrupt forms of Asparagus.

SPARBLE Spar"ble, v. t. Etym: [OF. esparpiller to scatter, F. éparpiller.]

Defn: To scatter; to disperse; to rout. [Obs.] The king's host was sparbled and chased. Fabyan.

SPARE Spare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spared; p. pr. & vb. n.n Sparing.] Etym: [AS. sparian, fr. spær spare, sparing, saving; akin to D. & G. sparen, OHG. spar, Icel. & Sw. spara, Dan. spare See Spare, a.]

1. To use frugally or stintingly, as that which is scarce or valuable; to retain or keep unused; to save. "No cost would he spare." Chaucer. [Thou] thy Father's dreadful thunder didst not spare. Milton. He that hath knowledge, spareth his words. Prov. xvii. 27.

2. To keep to one's self; to forbear to impart or give. Be pleased your plitics to spare. Dryden. Spare my sight the pain Of seeing what a world of tears it costs you. Dryden.

3. To preserve from danger or punishment; to forbear to punish, injure, or harm; to show mercy to. Spare us, good Lord. Book of Common Prayer. Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial visages. Milton. Man alone can whom he conquers spare. Waller.

4. To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as from some occupation, use, or duty. All the time he could spare from the necessary cares of his weighty charge, he Knolles.

5. To deprive one's self of, as by being frugal; to do without; to dispense with; to give up; to part with. Where angry Jove did never spare One breath of kind and temperate air. Roscommon. I could have better spared a better man. Shak. To spare one's self. (a) To act with reserve. [Obs.] Her thought that a lady should her spare. Chaucer. (b) To save one's self labor, punishment, or blame.

SPARE Spare, v. i.

1. To be frugal; not to be profuse; to live frugally; to be parsimonious. I, who at some times spend, at others spare, Divided between carelessness and care. Pope.

2. To refrain from inflicting harm; to use mercy or forbearance. He will not spare in the day of vengeance. Prov. vi. 34.

3. To desist; to stop; to refrain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SPARE Spare, a. [Compar. Sparer; superl. Sparest; — not used in all the senses of the word.] Etym: [AS. spær sparing. Cf. Spare, v. t. ]

1. Scanty; not abundant or plentiful; as, a spare diet.

2. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; chary. He was spare, but discreet of speech. Carew.

3. Being over and above what is necessary, or what must be used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous; as, I have no spare time. If that no spare clothes he had to give. Spenser.

4. Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency; as, a spare anchor; a spare bed or room.

5. Lean; wanting flesh; meager; thin; gaunt. O, give me the spare men, and spare me the great ones. Shak.

6. Slow. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Grose.

SPARE Spare, n.

1. The act of sparing; moderation; restraint. [Obs.] Killing for sacrifice, without any spare. Holland.

2. Parsimony; frugal use. [Obs.] Bacon. Poured out their plenty without spite or spare. Spenser.

3. An opening in a petticoat or gown; a placket. [Obs.]

4. That which has not been used or expended.

5. (Tenpins)

Defn: The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare.

SPAREFUL Spare"ful, a.

Defn: Sparing; chary. [Obs.] Fairfax. — Spare"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

SPARELESS Spare"less, a.

Defn: Unsparing. Sylvester.

SPARELY Spare"ly, adv.

Defn: In a spare manner; sparingly.

SPARENESS Spare"ness, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. spærnis frugality.]

Defn: The quality or state of being lean or thin; leanness.

SPARER Spar"er, n.

Defn: One who spares.

SPARERIB Spare"rib`, n. Etym: [Spare, a. + rib.]

Defn: A piece of pork, consisting or ribs with little flesh on them.

SPARGE Sparge, v. t. Etym: [L. spargere; cf. F. asperger.]

Defn: To sprinkle; to moisten by sprinkling; as, to sparge paper.

SPARGEFACTION Spar`ge*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. spargere to strew + facere, factum, to make.]

Defn: The act of sprinkling. [Obs.] Swift.

SPARGER Spar"ger, n. Etym: [Cf. F. asperger to sprinkle, L. aspergere, spargere.]

Defn: A vessel with a perforated cover, for sprinkling with a liquid; a sprinkler.

SPARHAWK Spar"hawk`, n. Etym: [OE. sperhauke.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sparrow hawk. [Prov. Eng.]

SPAR-HUNG Spar"-hung`, a.

Defn: Hung with spar, as a cave.

SPARING Spar"ing, a.

Defn: Spare; saving; frugal; merciful. Bacon. — Spar"ing*ly, adv. — Spar"ing*ness, n.

SPARK Spark, n. Etym: [OE. sparke, AS. spearca; akin to D. spark, sperk; cf. Icel. spraka to crackle, Lith. spragëti, Gr. sph to crackle, to thunder. Cf. Speak.]

1. A small particle of fire or ignited substance which is emitted by a body in combustion. Man is born unto trouble, as hte sparks fly upward. Job v. 7.

2. A small, shining body, or transient light; a sparkle.

3. That which, like a spark, may be kindled into a flame, or into action; a feeble germ; an elementary principle. "If any spark of life be yet remaining." Shak. "Small intellectual spark." Macaulay. "Vital spark of heavenly flame." Pope. We have here and there a little clear light, some sparks of bright knowledge. Locke. Bright gem instinct with music, vocal spark. Wordsworth. Spark arrester, a contrivance to prevent the escape of sparks while it allows the passage of gas, — chiefly used in the smokestack of a wood-burning locomotive. Called also spark consumer. [U.S.]

SPARK Spark, n. Etym: [Icel. sparkr lively, sprightly.]

1. A brisk, showy, gay man. The finest sparks and cleanest beaux. Prior.

2. A lover; a gallant; a beau.

SPARK Spark, v. i.

Defn: To sparkle. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPARK Spark, v. i.

Defn: To play the spark, beau, or lover. A sure sign that his master was courting, or, as it is termed, sparking, within. W. Irwing.

SPARK COIL Spark coil. (Elec.) (a) An induction coil, esp. of an internal-combustion engine, wireless telegraph apparatus, etc. (b) A self-induction coil used to increase the spark in an electric gas-lighting apparatus.

SPARKER Spark"er, n.

Defn: A spark arrester.

SPARKFUL Spark"ful, a.

Defn: Lively; brisk; gay. [Obs.] "Our sparkful youth." Camden.

SPARK GAP Spark gap. (Elec.)

Defn: The space filled with air or other dielectric between high potential terminals (as of an electrostatic machine, induction coil, or condenser), through which the discharge passes; the air gap of a jump spark.

SPARKISH Spark"ish, a.

1. Like a spark; airy; gay. W. Walsh.

2. Showy; well-dresed; fine. L'Estrange.

SPARKLE Spar"kle, n. Etym: [Dim. of spark.]

1. A little spark; a scintillation. As fire is wont to quicken and go From a sparkle sprungen amiss, Till a city brent up is. Chaucer. The shock was sufficiently strong to strike out some sparkles of his fiery temper. Prescott.

2. Brilliancy; luster; as, the sparkle of a diamond.

SPARKLE Spar"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sparkled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sparkling.] Etym: [See Sparkle, n., Spark of fire.]

1. To emit sparks; to throw off ignited or incandescent particles; to shine as if throwing off sparks; to emit flashes of light; to scintillate; to twinkle; as, the blazing wood sparkles; the stars sparkle. A mantelet upon his shoulder hanging Bretful of rubies red, as fire sparkling. Chaucer.

2. To manifest itself by, or as if by, emitting sparks; to glisten; to flash. I see bright honor sparkle through your eyes. Milton.

3. To emit little bubbles, as certain kinds of liquors; to effervesce; as, sparkling wine.

Syn. — To shine; glisten; scintillate; radiate; coruscate; glitter; twinkle.

SPARKLE Spar"kle, v. t.

Defn: To emit in the form or likeness of sparks. "Did sparkle forth great light." Spenser.

SPARKLE Spar"kle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sparble.]

1. To disperse. [Obs.] The Landgrave hath sparkled his army without any further enterprise. State Papers.

2. To scatter on or over. [Obs.] Purchas.

SPARKLER Spar"kler, n.

Defn: One who scatters; esp., one who scatters money; an improvident person. [Obs.]

SPARKLER Spar"kler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sparkles.

SPARKLER Spar"kler, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tiger beetle.

SPARKLET Spark"let, n.

Defn: A small spark. [Obs.]

SPARKLINESS Spark"li*ness, n.

Defn: Vivacity. [Obs.] Aubrey.

SPARKLING Spar"kling, a.

Defn: Emitting sparks; glittering; flashing; brilliant; lively; as, sparkling wine; sparkling eyes. — Spar"kling*ly, adv. — Spar"kling*ness, n.

Syn. — Brilliant; shining. See Shining.

SPARK PLUG Spark plug.

Defn: In internal-combustion engines with electric ignition, a plug, screwed into the cylinder head, having through it an insulated wire which is connected with the induction coil or magneto circuit on the outside, and forms, with another terminal on the base of the plug, a spark gap inside the cylinder.

SPARLING Spar"ling, n. Etym: [Akin to G. spierling, spiering, D. spiering: cf. F. éperlan.] (Zoöl.) (a) The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus). (b) A young salmon. (c) A tern. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SPARLYRE Spar"lyre`, n. Etym: [AS. spear-lira.]

Defn: The calf of the leg. [Obs.] Wyclif (Deut. xxviii. 35).

SPAROID Spa"roid, a. Etym: [L. sparus the gilthead + -oid: cf. F. sparoïde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the Sparidæ, a family of spinous-finned fishes which includes the scup, sheepshead, and sea bream. — n.

Defn: One of the Sparidæ.

SPARPIECE Spar"piece`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The collar beam of a roof; the spanpiece. Gwilt.

SPARPOIL Spar"poil, v. t. Etym: [See Sparble.]

Defn: To scatter; to spread; to disperse. [Obs.]

SPARROW Spar"row, n. Etym: [OE. sparwe, AS. spearwa; akin to OHG. sparo, G. sperling, Icel. spörr, Dan. spurv, spurre, Sw. sparf, Goth. sparwa; - - originally, probably, the quiverer or flutterer, and akin to E. spurn. See Spurn, and cf. Spavin.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of many species of small singing birds of the family Fringilligæ, having conical bills, and feeding chiefly on seeds. Many sparrows are called also finches, and buntings. The common sparrow, or house sparrow, of Europe (Passer domesticus) is noted for its familiarity, its voracity, its attachment to its young, and its fecundity. See House sparrow, under House.

Note: The following American species are well known; the chipping sparrow, or chippy, the sage sparrow, the savanna sparrow, the song sparrow, the tree sparrow, and the white-throated sparrow (see Peabody bird). See these terms under Sage, Savanna, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small singing birds somewhat resembling the true sparrows in form or habits, as the European hedge sparrow. See under Hedge. He that doth the ravens feed, Yea, providently caters for the sparrow, Be comfort to my age! Shak. Field sparrow, Fox sparrow, etc. See under Field, Fox, etc. — Sparrow bill, a small nail; a castiron shoe nail; a sparable. — Sparrow hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) A small European hawk (Accipiter nisus) or any of the allied species. (b) A small American falcon (Falco sparverius). (c) The Australian collared sparrow hawk (Accipiter torquatus).

Note: The name is applied to other small hawks, as the European kestrel and the New Zealand quail hawk. — Sparrow owl (Zoöl.), a small owl (Glaucidium passerinum) found both in the Old World and the New. The name is also applied to other species of small owls. — Sparrow spear (Zoöl.), the female of the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.]

SPARROWGRASS Spar"row*grass`, n. Etym: [Corrupted from asparagus.]

Defn: Asparagus. [Colloq.] See the Note under Asparagus.

SPARROWWORT Spar"row*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen shrub of the genus Erica (E. passerina).

SPARRY Spar"ry, a. Etym: [From Spar.]

Defn: Resembling spar, or consisting of spar; abounding with spar; having a confused crystalline structure; spathose. Sparry iron (Min.), siderite. See Siderite (a). — Sparry limestone (Min.), a coarsely crystalline marble.

SPARSE Sparse, a. [Compar. Sparser; superl. Sparsest.] Etym: [L. sparsus, p.p. of spargere to strew, scatter. Cf. Asperse, Disperse.]

1. Thinly scattered; set or planted here and there; not being dense or close together; as, a sparse population. Carlyle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Placed irregularly and distantly; scattered; — applied to branches, leaves, peduncles, and the like.

SPARSE Sparse, v. t. Etym: [L. sparsus, p.p. of spargere to scatter.]

Defn: To scatter; to disperse. [Obs.] Spenser.

SPARSEDLY Spars"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Sparsely. [Obs.]

SPARSELY Sparse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a scattered or sparse manner.

SPARSENESS Sparse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sparse; as, sparseness of population.

SPARSIM Spar"sim, adv. Etym: [L., fr. spargere to scatter.]

Defn: Sparsely; scatteredly; here and there.

SPARTAN Spar"tan, a. Etym: [L. Spartanus.]

Defn: of or pertaining to Sparta, especially to ancient Sparta; hence, hardy; undaunted; as, Spartan souls; Spartan bravey. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Sparta; figuratively, a person of great courage and fortitude.

SPARTEINE Spar"te*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A narcotic alkaloid extracted from the tops of the common broom (Cytisus scoparius, formerly Spartium scoparium), as a colorless oily liquid of aniline-like odor and very bitter taste.

SPARTERIE Spar"ter*ie, n. Etym: [F., from Sp. esparto esparto, L. spartum, Gr.

Defn: Articles made of the blades or fiber of the Lygeum Spartum and Stipa (or Macrochloa) tenacissima, kinds of grass used in Spain and other countries for making ropes, mats, baskets, nets, and mattresses. Loudon.

SPARTH Sparth, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. spar.]

Defn: An Anglo-Saxon battle-ax, or halberd. [Obs.] He hath a sparth of twenty pound of weight. Chaucer.

SPARVE Sparve, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]

SPARY Spar"y, a.

Defn: Sparing; parsimonious. [Obs.]

SPASM Spasm, n. Etym: [F. spasme, L. spasmus, Gr. Span, v. t.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An involuntary and unnatural contraction of one or more muscles or muscular fibers.

Note: Spasm are usually either clonic or tonic. In clonic spasm, the muscles or muscular fibers contract and relax alternately in very quick succession. In tonic spasm, the contraction is steady and uniform, and continues for a comparatively long time, as in tetanus.

2. A sudden, violent, and temporary effort or emotion; as, a spasm of repentance. Cynic spasm (Med.) See under Cynic. — Spasm of the chest. See Angina pectoris, under Angina.

SPASMATICAL Spas*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Spasmodic. [Obs.]

SPASMODIC Spas"mod"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. spasmotique.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to spasm; consisting in spasm; occuring in, or characterized by, spasms; as, a spasmodic asthma.

2. Soon relaxed or exhausted; convulsive; intermittent; as, spasmodic zeal or industry. Spasmodic croup (Med.), an affection of childhood characterized by a stoppage of brathing developed suddenly and without fever, and produced by spasmodic contraction of the vocal cords. It is sometimes fatal. Called also laryngismus stridulus, and childcrowing. — Spasmodic stricture, a stricture caused by muscular spasm without structural change. See Organic stricture, under Organic.

SPASMODIC Spas*mod"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine for spasm.

SPASMODICAL Spas*mod"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Spasmodic, a. — Spas*mod"ic*al*ly, adv.

SPASTIC Spas"tic, a. Etym: [L. spasticus, Gr. spastique. See Spasm.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to spasm; spasmodic; especially, pertaining to tonic spasm; tetanic.

SPASTICALLY Spas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Spasmodically.

SPASTICITY Spas*tic"i*ty, n.

1. A state of spasm.

2. The tendency to, or capability of suffering, spasm.

SPAT Spat,

Defn: imp. of Spit. [Obs. or R.]

SPAT Spat, n. Etym: [From the root of spit; hence, literally, that which is ejected.]

Defn: A young oyster or other bivalve mollusk, both before and after it first becomes adherent, or such young, collectively.

SPAT Spat, v. i. & t.

Defn: To emit spawn; to emit, as spawn.

SPAT Spat, n. Etym: [Cf. Pat.]

1. A light blow with something flat. [U.S. & Prov. Eng.]

2. Hence, a petty combat, esp. a verbal one; a little quarrel, dispute, or dissension. [U. S.]

SPAT Spat, v. i.

Defn: To dispute. [R.] Smart.

SPAT Spat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spatting.]

Defn: To slap, as with the open hand; to clap together; as the hands. [Local, U.S.] Little Isabel leaped up and down, spatting her hands. Judd.

SPATANGOID Spa*tan"goid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Spatangoidea. — n.

Defn: One of the Spatangoidea.

SPATANGOIDEA Spat`an*goi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Spatangus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of irregular sea urchins, usually having a more or less heart-shaped shell with four or five petal-like ambulacra above. The mouth is edentulous and situated anteriorly, on the under side.

SPATANGUS Spa*tan"gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. spatangius a kind of sea urchin, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of heart-shaped sea urchins belonging to the Spatangoidea.

SPATCHCOCK Spatch"cock`, n.

Defn: See Spitchcock.

SPATE Spate, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. speid.]

Defn: A river flood; an overflow or inundation. Burns. Gareth in a showerful spring Stared at the spate. Tennyson.

SPATHA Spa"tha, n,; pl. Spathæ. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spathe.

SPATHACEOUS Spa*tha"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a spathe; resembling a spathe; spathal.

SPATHAL Spa"thal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a spathe; as, spathal flowers. Howitt.

SPATHE Spathe, n. Etym: [L. spatha, Gr. spathe. See Spade for digging.] (Bot.)

Defn: A special involucre formed of one leaf and inclosing a spadix, as in aroid plants and palms. See the Note under Bract, and Illust. of Spadix.

Note: The name is also given to the several-leaved involucre of the iris and other similar plants.

SPATHED Spathed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a spathe or calyx like a sheath.

SPATHIC Spath"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. spathique, fr. F. & G. spath spar.]

Defn: Like spar; foliated or lamellar; spathose. Spathic iron (Min.), siderite. See Siderite (a).

SPATHIFORM Spath"i*form, a. Etym: [F. spathiforme.]

Defn: Resembling spar in form. "The ocherous, spathiform, and mineralized forms of uranite." Lavoisier (Trans.).

SPATHOSE Spath"ose`, a. (Min.)

Defn: See Spathic.

SPATHOSE Spath"ose`, a. Etym: [See Spathe.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a spathe; resembling a spathe; spatheceous; spathal.

SPATHOUS Spath"ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Spathose.

SPATHULATE Spath"u*late, a.

Defn: See Spatulate.

SPATIAL Spa"tial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to space. "Spatial quantity and relations." L. H. Atwater.

SPATIALLY Spa"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: As regards space.

SPATIATE Spa"ti*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. spatiatus, p.p. of spatiari, fr. spatiatum. See Space.]

Defn: To rove; to ramble. [Obs.] Bacon.

SPATTER Spat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Spattering.] Etym: [From the root of spit salvia.]

1. To sprinkle with a liquid or with any wet substance, as water, mud, or the like; to make wet of foul spots upon by sprinkling; as, to spatter a coat; to spatter the floor; to spatter boots with mud. Upon any occasion he is to be spattered over with the blood of his people. Burke.

2. To distribute by sprinkling; to sprinkle around; as, to spatter blood. Pope.

3. Fig.: To injure by aspersion; to defame; to soil; also, to throw out in a defamatory manner.

SPATTER Spat"ter, v. i.

Defn: To throw something out of the mouth in a scattering manner; to sputter. That mind must needs be irrecoverably depraved, which, . . . tasting but once of one just deed, spatters at it, and abhors the relish ever after. Milton.

SPATTERDASHED Spat"ter*dashed`, a.

Defn: Wearing spatterdashes. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

SPATTERDASHES Spat"ter*dash`es, n. pl. Etym: [Spatter + dash.]

Defn: Coverings for the legs, to protect them from water and mud; long gaiters.

SPATTER-DOCK Spat`ter-dock`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common yellow water lily (Nuphar advena).

SPATTLE Spat"tle, n.

Defn: Spawl; spittle. [Obs.] Bale.

SPATTLE Spat"tle, n.

1. A spatula.

2. (Pottery)

Defn: A tool or implement for mottling a molded article with coloring matter Knoght.

SPATTLING-POPPY Spat"tling-pop"py, n. Etym: [Prov. E. spattle to spit + E. poppy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of catchfly (Silene inflata) which is sometimes frothy from the action of captured insects.

SPATULA Spat"u*la, n. Etym: [L. spatula, spathula, dim. of spatha a spatula: F. spatule. See Spade for digging.]

Defn: An implement shaped like a knife, flat, thin, and somewhat flexible, used for spreading paints, fine plasters, drugs in compounding prescriptions, etc. Cf. Palette knife, under Palette.

SPATULATE Spat"u*late, a. Etym: [NL. spatulatus.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Shaped like spatula, or like a battledoor, being roundish, with a long, narrow, linear base. [Also written spathulate.]

SPAULD Spauld, n. Etym: [See Spall the shoulder.]

Defn: The shoulder. [Scot.]

SPAVIN Spav"in, n. Etym: [OE. spaveyne, OF. esparvain, F. éparvin; akin to OF. espervier a sparrow hawk, F. épervier, fr. OHG. sparwari (G. sperber), fr. OHG. sparo sparrow, because this disease makes the horse raise the infirm leg in the manner of a sparrow hawk or sparrow. See Sparrow.] (Far.)

Defn: A disease of horses characterized by a bony swelling developed on the hock as the result of inflammation of the bones; also, the swelling itself. The resulting lameness is due to the inflammation, and not the bony tumor as popularly supposed. Harbaugh. Bog spavin, a soft swelling produced by distention of the capsular ligament of the hock; — called also blood spavin. — Bone spavin, spavin attended with exostosis; ordinary spavin.

SPAVINED Spav"ined, a.

Defn: Affected with spavin.

SPAW Spaw, n.

Defn: See Spa.

SPAWL Spawl, n.

Defn: A splinter or fragment, as of wood or stone. See Spall.

SPAWL Spawl, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. spatl, fr. spætan to spit; probably akin to spiwan, E. spew. Cf. Spew.]

Defn: Scattered or ejected spittle.

SPAWL Spawl, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Spawled; p. pr. & vb. n. Spawling.] Etym: [Cf. AS. spatlian.]

Defn: To scatter spittle from the mouth; to spit, as saliva. Why must he sputter, spawl, and slaver it In vain, against the people's favorite. Swift.

SPAWLING Spawl"ing, n.

Defn: That which is spawled, or spit out.

SPAWN Spawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Spawning.] Etym: [OE. spanen, OF. espandre, properly, to shed, spread, L. expandere to spread out. See Expand.]

1. To produce or deposit (eggs), as fishes or frogs do.

2. To bring forth; to generate; — used in contempt. One edition [of books] spawneth another. Fuller.

SPAWN Spawn, v. i.

1. To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs do.

2. To issue, as offspring; — used contemptuously.

SPAWN Spawn, n. Etym: [sq. root170. See Spawn, v. t.]

1. The ova, or eggs, of fishes, oysters, and other aquatic animals.

2. Any product or offspring; — used contemptuously.

3. (Hort.)

Defn: The buds or branches produced from underground stems.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The white fibrous matter forming the matrix from which fungi. Spawn eater (Zoöl.), a small American cyprinoid fish (Notropis Hudsonius) allied to the dace.

SPAWNER Spawn"er, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mature female fish. The barbel, for the preservation or their seed, both the spawner and the milter, cover their spawn with sand. Walton.

2. Whatever produces spawn of any kind.

SPAY Spay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Spaying.] Etym: [Cf. Armor. spac'hein, spaza to geld, W. dyspaddu to geld, L. spado a eunuch, Gr.

Defn: To remove or extirpate the ovaries of, as a sow or a bitch; to castrate (a female animal).

SPAY Spay, n. Etym: [Cf. Spade a spay, Spay, v. t.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the red deer in his third year; a spade.

SPAYAD; SPAYADE Spay"ad, Spay"ade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spay.

SPEAK Speak, v. i. [imp. Spoke (Spake ( Archaic); p. p. Spoken (Spoke, Obs. or Colloq.); p. pr. & vb. n. Speaking.] Etym: [OE. speken, AS. specan, sprecan; akin to OF.ries. spreka, D. spreken, OS. spreken, G. sprechen, OHG. sprehhan, and perhaps to Skr. sphurj to crackle, to thunder. Cf. Spark of fire, Speech.]

1. To utter words or articulate sounds, as human beings; to express thoughts by words; as, the organs may be so obstructed that a man may not be able to speak. Till at the last spake in this manner. Chaucer. Speak, Lord; for thy servant heareth. 1 Sam. iii. 9.

2. To express opinions; to say; to talk; to converse. That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set, as the tradesmen speak. Boyle. An honest man, is able to speak for himself, when a knave is not. Shak. During the century and a half which followed the Conquest, there is, to speak strictly, no English history. Macaulay.

3. To utter a speech, discourse, or harangue; to adress a public assembly formally. Many of the nobility made themselves popular by speaking in Parliament against those things which were most grateful to his majesty. Clarendon.

4. To discourse; to make mention; to tell. Lycan speaks of a part of Cæsar's army that came to him from the Leman Lake. Addison.

5. To give sound; to sound. Make all our trumpets speak. Shak.

6. To convey sentiments, ideas, or intelligence as if by utterance; as, features that speak of self-will. Thine eye begins to speak. Shak. To speak of, to take account of, to make mention of. Robynson (More's Utopia). — To speak out, to speak loudly and distinctly; also, to speak unreservedly. — To speak well for, to commend; to be favorable to. — To speak with, to converse with. "Would you speak with me" Shak.

Syn. — To say; tell; talk; converse; discourse; articulate; pronounce; utter.

SPEAK Speak, v. t.

1. To utter with the mouth; to pronounce; to utter articulately, as human beings. They sat down with him upn ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word unto him. Job. ii. 13.

2. To utter in a word or words; to say; to tell; to declare orally; as, to speak the truth; to speak sense.

3. To declare; to proclaim; to publish; to make known; to exhibit; to express in any way. It is my father;s muste To speak your deeds. Shak. Speaking a still good morrow with her eyes. Tennyson. And for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak The maker's high magnificence. Milton. Report speaks you a bonny monk. Sir W. Scott.

4. To talk or converse in; to utter or pronounce, as in conversation; as, to speak Latin. And French she spake full fair and fetisely. Chaucer.

5. To address; to accost; to speak to. [He will] thee in hope; he will speak thee fair. Ecclus. xiii. 6. each village senior paused to scan And speak the lovely caravan. Emerson. To speak a ship (Naut.), to hail and speak to her captain or commander.

SPEAKABLE Speak"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being spoken; fit to be spoken. Ascham.

2. Able to speak. Milton.

SPEAKER Speak"er, n.

1. One who speaks. Specifically: (a) One who utters or pronounces a discourse; usually, one who utters a speech in public; as, the man is a good speaker, or a bad speaker. (b) One who is the mouthpiece of others; especially, one who presides over, or speaks for, a delibrative assembly, preserving order and regulating the debates; as, the Speaker of the House of Commons, originally, the mouthpiece of the House to address the king; the Speaker of a House of Representatives.

2. A book of selections for declamation. [U. S.]

SPEAKERSHIP Speak"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of speaker; as, the speakership of the House of Representatives.

SPEAKING Speak"ing, a.

1. Uttering speech; used for conveying speech; as, man is a speaking animal; a speaking tube.

2. Seeming to be capable of speech; hence, lifelike; as, a speaking likeness. A speaking acquaintance, a slight acquaintance with a person, or one which merely permits the exchange of salutations and remarks on indifferent subjects. — Speaking trumpet, an instrument somewhat resembling a trumpet, by which the sound of the human voice may be so intensified as to be conveyed to a great distance. — Speaking tube, a tube for conveying speech, especially from one room to another at a distance. — To be on speaking terms, to be slightly acquainted.

SPEAKING Speak"ing, n.

1. The act of uttering words.

2. Public declamation; oratory.

SPEAR Spear, n. Etym: [OE. spere, AS. spere; akin to D. & G. speer, OS. & OHS. sper, Icel. spjör, pl., Dan. spær, L. sparus.]

1. A long, pointed weapon, used in war and hunting, by thrusting or throwing; a weapon with a long shaft and a sharp head or blade; a lance.

Note: [See Illust. of Spearhead.] "A sharp ground spear." Chaucer. They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Micah iv. 3.

2. Fig.: A spearman. Sir W. Scott.

3. A sharp-pointed instrument with barbs, used for stabbing fish and other animals.

4. A shoot, as of grass; a spire.

5. The feather of a horse. See Feather, n., 4.

6. The rod to which the bucket, or plunger, of a pump is attached; a pump rod. Spear foot, the off hind foot of a horse. — Spear grass. (Bot.) (a) The common reed. See Reed, n., 1. (b) meadow grass. See under Meadow. — Spear hand, the hand in which a horseman holds a spear; the right hand. Crabb. — Spear side, the male line of a family. Lowell. — Spear thistle (Bot.), the common thistle (Cnicus lanceolatus).

SPEAR Spear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Speared; p. pr. & vb. n. Spearing.]

Defn: To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear; as, to spear a fish.

SPEAR Spear, v. i.

Defn: To shoot into a long stem, as some plants. See Spire. Mortimer.

SPEARER Spear"er, n.

Defn: One who uses a spear; as, a spearer of fish.

SPEARFISH Spear"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A large and powerful fish (Tetrapturus albidus) related to the swordfish, but having scales and ventral fins. It is found on the American coast and the Mediterranean. (b) The carp sucker.

SPEARHEAD Spear"head`, n.

Defn: The pointed head, or end, of a spear.

SPEARMAN Spear"man, n.; pl. Spearmen (.

Defn: One who is armed with a spear. Acts xxiii. 23.

SPEARMINT Spear"mint`, n. Etym: [So named from its spiry, not capitate, inflorescence. Dr. Prior.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of mint (Mentha viridis) growing in moist soil. It vields an aromatic oil. See Mint, and Mentha.

SPEARWOOD Spear"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian tree (Acacia Doratoxylon), and its tough wood, used by the natives for spears.

SPEARWORT Spear"wort`, n. Etym: [AS. sperewyrt.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several species of crowfoot (Ranunculus) which have spear-shaped leaves.

SPEARY Spear"y, a.

Defn: Having the form of a spear.

SPECE Spece, n.

Defn: Species; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SPECHT Specht, n. Etym: [See Speight.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A woodpecker. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Sherwood.

SPECIAL Spe"cial, a. Etym: [L. specialis, fr. species a particular sort, kind, or quality: cf. F. spécial. See Species, and cf. Especial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a species; constituting a species or sort. A special is called by the schools a "species". I. Watts.

2. Particular; peculiar; different from others; extraordinary; uncommon. Our Savior is represented everywhere in Scripture as the special patron of the poor and the afficted. Atterbury. To this special evil an improvement of style would apply a special redress. De Quincey.

3. Appropriate; designed for a particular purpose, occasion, or person; as, a special act of Parliament or of Congress; a special sermon.

4. Limited in range; confined to a definite field of action, investigation, or discussion; as, a special dictionary of commercial terms; a special branch of study.

5. Chief in excellence. [Obs.] The king hath drawn The special head of all the land together. Shak. Special administration (Law), an administration limited to certain specified effects or acts, or one granted during a particular time or the existence of a special cause, as during a controversy respecting the probate of a will, or the right of administration, etc. — Special agency, an agency confined to some particular matter. — Special bail, Bail above, or Bail to the action (Law), sureties who undertake that, if the defendant is convicted, he shall satisfy the plaintiff, or surrender himself into custody. Tomlins. Wharton (Law Dict.). — Special constable. See under Constable. Bouvier. — Special damage (Law), a damage resulting from the act complained of, as a natural, but not the necessary, consequence of it. — Special demurrer (Law), a demurrer for some defect of form in the opposite party pleading, in which the cause of demurrer is particularly stated. — Special deposit, a deposit made of a specific thing to be kept distinct from others. — Special homology. (Biol.) See under Homology. — Special injuction (Law), an injuction granted on special grounds, arising of the circumstances of the case. Daniell. — Special issue (Law), an issue produced upon a special plea. Stephen. — Special jury (Law), a jury consisting of persons of some particular calling, station, or qualification, which is called upon motion of either party when the cause is supposed to require it; a struck jury. — Special orders (Mil.), orders which do not concern, and are not published to, the whole command, such as those relating to the movement of a particular corps, a detail, a temporary camp, etc. — Special partner, a limited partner; a partner with a limited or restricted responsibility; — unknown at common law. — Special partnership, a limited or particular partnership; — a term sometimes applied to a partnership in a particular business, operation, or adventure. — Special plea in bar (Law), a plea setting forth particular and new matter, distinguished from the general issue. Bouvier. — Special pleader (Law), originally, a counsel who devoted himself to drawing special counts and pleas; in a wider sense, a lawyer who draws pleadings. — Special pleading (Law), the allegation of special or new matter, as distingiushed from a direct denial of matter previously alleged on the side. Bouvier. The popular denomination of the whole science of pleading. Stephen. The phrase is sometimes popularly applied to the specious, but unsound, argumentation of one whose aim is victory, and not truth. Burrill. — Special property (Law), a qualified or limited ownership possession, as in wild animals, things found or bailed. — Special session, an extraordinary session; a session at an unusual time or for an unusual purpose; as, a special session of Congress or of a legislature. — Special statute, or Special law, an act of the legislature which has reference to a particular person, place, or interest; — in distinction from a general law. — Special verdict (Law), a special finding of the facts of the case, leaving to the court the application of the law to them. Wharton (Law Dict.).

Syn. — Peculiar; appropriate; specific; dictinctive; particular; exceptional; singular. See Peculiar.

SPECIAL Spe"cial, n.

1. A particular. [Obs.] Hammond.

2. One appointed for a special service or occasion. In special, specially; in particular. Chaucer.

SPECIALISM Spe"cial*ism, n.

Defn: Devotion to a particular and restricted part or branch of knowledge, art, or science; as, medical specialism.

SPECIALIST Spe"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One who devotes himself to some specialty; as, a medical specialist, one who devotes himself to diseases of particular parts of the body, as the eye, the ear, the nerves, etc.

SPECIALITY Spe`ci*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Specialities. Etym: [See Special, and Specialty.]

1. A particular or peculiar case; a particularity. Sir M. Hale.

2. (Law)

Defn: See Specialty, 3.

3. The special or peculiar mark or characteristic of a person or thing; that for which a person is specially distinguished; an object of special attention; a special occupation or object of attention; a specialty. On these two general heads all other specialities are depedent. Hooker. Strive, while improving your one talent, to enrich your whole capital as a man. It is in this way that you escape from the wretched narrow- mindedness which is the characteristic of every one who cultivates his speciality. Ld. Lytton. We 'll say, instead, the inconsequent creature man, -For that'a his speciality. Mrs. Browning. Think of this, sir, . . . remote from the impulses of passion, and apart from the specialities — if I may use that strong remark — of prejudice. Dickens.

4. An attribute or quality peculiar to a species.

SPECIALIZATION Spe`cial*i*za"tion, n.

1. The act of specializing, or the state of being spezialized.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The setting spart of a particular organ for the performance of a particular function. Darwin.

SPECIALIZE Spe"cial*ize, v. t.

1. To mention specialy; to particularize.

2. To apply to some specialty or limited object; to assign to a specific use; as, specialized knowledge.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions.

SPECIALLY Spe"cial*ly, adv.

1. In a special manner; partcularly; especially. Chaucer.

2. For a particular purpose; as, a meeting of the legislature is specially summoned.

SPECIALTY Spe"cial*ty, n.; pl. Specialties. Etym: [F. spécialité. Cf. Speciality.]

1. Particularity. Specialty of rule hath been neglected. Shak.

2. A particular or peculiar case. [Obs.]

3. (Law)

Defn: A contract or obligation under seal; a contract by deed; a writing, under seal, given as security for a debt particularly specified. Chitty. Bouvier. Wharton (Law Dict.). Let specialties be therefore drawn between us. Shak.

4. That for which a person is distinguished, in which he is specially versed, or which he makes an object of special attention; a speciality. Men of boundless knowledge, like Humbold, must have had once their specialty, their pet subject. C. Kingsley.

SPECIE Spe"ci*e,

Defn: abl. of L. species sort, kind. Used in the phrase in specie, that is, in sort, in kind, in (its own) form. "[The king] expects a return in specie from them" [i. e., kindness for kindness]. Dryden. In specie (Law), in precise or definite form; specifically; according to the exact terms; of the very thing.

SPECIE Spe"cie, n. Etym: [Formed as a singular from species, in sense 5.]

Defn: Coin; hard money.

SPECIES Spe"cies, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [L., a sight, outward appearance, shape, form, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species. See Spice, n., and cf. Specie, Special.]

1. Visible or sensible presentation; appearance; a sensible percept received by the imagination; an image. [R.] "The species of the letters illuminated with indigo and violet." Sir I. Newton. Wit, . . . the faculty of imagination in the writer, which searches over all the memory for the species or ideas of those things which it designs to represent. Dryden.

Note: In the scholastic philosophy, the species was sensible and intelligible. The sensible species was that in any material, object which was in fact discerned by the mind through the organ of perception, or that in any object which rendered it possible that it should be perceived. The sensible species, as apprehended by the understanding in any of the relations of thought, was called an intelligible species. "An apparent diversity between the species visible and audible is, that the visible doth not mingle in the medium, but the audible doth." Bacon.