Chapter C · hap"ter, v. t. (continued 7)

COILON Coi"lon, n. Etym: [F. See Cullion.]

Defn: A testicle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COIN Coin (koin), n. Etym: [F. coin, formerly also coing, wedge, stamp, corner, fr. L. cuneus wedge; prob. akin to E. cone, hone. See Hone, n., and cf. Coigne, Quoin, Cuneiform.]

1. A quoin; a corner or external angle; a wegde. See Coigne, and Quoin.

2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are stamped by government authority, making it legally current as money; — much used in a collective sense. It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current coin of the realm. Hallam.

3. That which serves for payment or recompense. The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a nobler coin. Hammond. Coin balance. See Illust. of Balance. — To pay one in his own coin, to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as has been received from him. [Colloq.]

COIN Coin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coined (koind); p. pr. & vb. n. Coining.]

1. To make of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver dollars; to coin a medal.

2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate; as, to coin a word. Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined, To soothe his sister and delude her mind. Dryden.

3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make. Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day. Locke.

COIN Coin, v. i.

Defn: To manufacture counterfeit money. They cannot touch me for coining. Shak.

COINAGE Coin"age, n. Etym: [From Coin, v. t., cf. Cuinage.]

1. The act or process of converting metal into money. The care of the coinage was committed to the inferior magistrates. Arbuthnot.

2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or place.

3. The cost or expense of coining money.

4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing; formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged. "Unnecessary coinage . . . of words." Dryden. This is the very coinage of your brain. Shak.

COINCIDE Co`in*cide", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coincided; p. pr. & vb. n. Coinciding.] Etym: [L. co- + incidere to fall on; in + cadere to fall: cf. F. coïncider. See Chance, n.]

1. To occupy the same place in space, as two equal triangles, when placed one on the other. If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it would have rendered the annual revoluton of the earth useless. Cheyne.

2. To occur at the same time; to be contemporaneous; as, the fall of Granada coincided with the discovery of America.

3. To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur; as, our aims coincide. The rules of right jugdment and of good ratiocination often coincide with each other. Watts.

COINCIDENCE Co*in"ci*dence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coïncidence.]

1. The condition of occupying the same place in space; as, the coincidence of circles, surfaces, etc. Bentley.

2. The condition or fact of happening at the same time; as, the coincidence of the deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.

3. Exact correspondence in nature, character, result, circumstances, etc.; concurrence; agreement. The very concurrence and coincidence of ao many evidences . . . carries a great weight. Sir M. Hale. Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . . . affirm a perfect coincidence between truth and goodness. South.

COINCIDENCY Co*in"ci*den*cy, n.

Defn: Coincidence. [R.]

COINCIDENT Co*in"ci*dent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. coïncident.]

Defn: Having coincidence; occupying the same place; contemporaneous; concurrent; — followed by with. Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly suitable to, and coincident with, the ruling principles of a virtuous and well- inclined man. South.

COINCIDENT Co*in"ci*dent, n.

Defn: One of two or more coincident events; a coincidence. [R.] "Coincidents and accidents." Froude.

COINCIDENTAL Co*in`ci*den"tal, a.

Defn: Coincident.

COINCIDENTLY Co*in"ci*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: With coincidence.

COINCIDER Co`in*cid"er, n.

Defn: One who coincides with another in an opinion.

COINDICATION Co*in`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coïdication.]

Defn: One of several signs or sumptoms indicating the same fact; as, a coindication of disease.

COINER Coin"er, n.

1. One who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; — usually, a maker of counterfeit money. Precautions such as are employed by coiners and receivers of stolen goods. Macaulay.

2. An inventor or maker, as of words. Camden.

COINHABITANT Co`in*hab"it*ant, n.

Defn: One who dwells with another, or with others. "Coinhabitants of the same element." Dr. H. More.

COINHERE Co`in*here", v. i.

Defn: To inhere or exist together, as in one substance. Sir W. Hamilton.

COINHERITANCE Co`in*her"it*ance, n.

Defn: Joint inheritance.

COINHERITOR Co`in*her"it*or, n.

Defn: A coheir.

COINITIAL Co`in*i"tial, a. (Math.)

Defn: Having a common beginning.

COINQUINATE Co*in"qui*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. coinquinatus, p. p. of coinquinare to defile. See Inquinate.]

Defn: Topollute. [Obs.] Skelton.

COINQUINATION Co*in`qui*na"tion, n.

Defn: Defilement. [Obs.]

COINSTANTANEOUS Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Happening at the same instant. C. Darwin.

COINSURANCE Co`in*sur"ance, n. [Co- + insurance.]

Defn: Insurance jointly with another or others; specif., that system of fire insurance in which the insurer is treated as insuring himself to the extent of that part of the risk not covered by his policy, so that any loss is apportioned between him and the insurance company on the principle of average, as in marine insurance or between other insurers.

COINTENSE Co`intense", a.

Defn: Equal in intensity or degree; as, the relations between 6 and 12, and 8 and 16, are cointense. H. Spencer.

COINTENSION Co`in*ten"sion, n.

Defn: The condition of being of equal in intensity; — applied to relations; as, 3 : 6 and 6 : 12 are relations of cointension. Cointension . . . is chosen indicate the equality of relations in respect of the contrast between their terms. H. Spencer.

COIR Coir (koir), n. Etym: [Tamil kayiru.]

1. A material for cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the outer husk of the cocoanut. Homans.

2. Cordage or cables, made of this material.

COISTRIL Cois"tril, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. coustillier groom or lad. Cf. Custrel.]

1. An inferior groom or lad employed by an esquire to carry the knight's arms and other necessaries. [Written also coistrel.]

2. A mean, paltry fellow; a coward. [Obs.] Shak.

COIT Coit (koit), n. Etym: [See Quoit.]

Defn: A quoit. [Obs.] Carew.

COIT Coit, v. t.

Defn: To throw, as a stone. [Obs.] See Quoit.

COITION Co*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. coitio, fr. coire to come together; co- + ire to go.]

Defn: A coming together; sexual intercourse; copulation. Grew.

COJOIN Co*join", v. t.

Defn: To join; to conjoin. [R.] Shak.

COJUROR Co*ju"ror, n.

Defn: One who swears to another's credibility. W. Wotton.

COKE Coke, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to cake, n.]

Defn: Mineral coal charred, or depriver of its bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in a kiln or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is lagerly used where [Written also coak.] Gas coke, the coke formed in gas retorts, as distinguished from that made in ovens.

COKE Coke, v. t.

Defn: To convert into coke.

COKENAY Coke"nay, n.

Defn: A cockney. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COKERNUT Co"ker*nut`, n. (Com.)

Defn: The cocoanut.

Note: A mode of spelling introduced by the London customhouse to distinguish more widely between this and other articles spelt much in the same manner.

COKES Cokes, n. Etym: [OE. Cf. Coax.]

Defn: A simpleton; a gull; a dupe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

COKEWOLD Coke"wold, n.

Defn: Cuckold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COL; COL- Col

Defn: - (with, together. See Com-.

COL Col, n. Etym: [F., neck, fr. L. collum neck.]

Defn: A short ridge connecting two higher elevations or mountains; the pass over such a ridge.

COLA Co"la, n. [NL., fr. a native name.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of sterculiaceous trees, natives of tropical Africa, esp. Guinea, but now naturalized in tropical America, esp. in the West Indies and Brazil. (b) Same as Cola nut, below.

COLA Co"la, n.,

Defn: L. pl. of Colon.

COLABORER Co*la"bor*er, n.

Defn: One who labors with another; an associate in labor.

COLANDER Col"an*der, n. Etym: [L. colans, -antis, p. pr. of colare to filter, to strain, fr. colum a strainer. Cf. Cullis, Culvert.]

Defn: A utensil with a bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal, or the like.

COLA NUT; COLA SEED Cola nut, Cola seed. (Bot.)

Defn: The bitter fruit of Cola acuminata, which is nearly as large as a chestnut, and furnishes a stimulant, which is used in medicine.

COLATION Co*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Colander.]

Defn: The act or process of straining or filtering. [R.]

COLATITUDE Co*lat"i*tude (; 134), n. Etym: [Formed like cosine. See Cosine.]

Defn: The complement of the latitude, or the difference between any latitude and ninety degrees.

COLATURE Col"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. colatura, from colare: cf. F. colature. See Colander.]

Defn: The process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer. [R.]

COLBERTINE Col"ber*tine, n. Etym: [From Jean Baptiste Colbert, a minister of Louis XIV., who encouraged the lace manufacture in France.]

Defn: A kind of lace. [Obs.] Pinners edged with colbertine. Swift. Difference rose between Mechlin, the queen of lace, and colbertine. Young.

COLCHICINE Col"chi*cine ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. colchicine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful vegetable alkaloid, C17H19NO5, extracted from the Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saffron, as a white or yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh, bitter taste; — called also colchicia.

COLCHICUM Col"chi*cum, n. Etym: [L., a plant with a poisonous root, fr. Colchicus Colchian, fr. Colchis, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of Europe, including the meadow saffron.

Note: Preparations made from the poisonous bulbs and seeds, and perhaps from the flowers, of the Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron) are used as remedies for gout and rheumatism.

COLCOTHAR Col"co*thar, n. Etym: [NL. colcothar vitrioli, fr. Ar. qolqotar.] (Chem.)

Defn: Polishing rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in polishing glass, and also as a pigment; — called also crocus Martis.

COLD Cold, a. [Compar. Colder; superl. Coldest.] Etym: [OE. cold, cald, AS. cald, ceald; akin to OS. kald, D. koud, G. kalt, Icel. kaldr, Dan. kold, Sw. kall, Goth. kalds, L. gelu frost, gelare to freeze. Orig. p. p. of AS. calan to be cold, Icel. kala to freeze. Cf. Cool, a., Chill, n.]

1. Deprived of heat, or having a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid. "The snowy top of cold Olympis." Milton.

2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be cold.

3. Not pungent or acrid. "Cold plants." Bacon

4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved. A cold and unconcerned spectator. T. Burnet. No cold relation is a zealous citizen. Burke.

5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory. "Cold news for me." "Cold comfort." Shak.

6. Wanting in power to excite; dull; uninteresting. What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend the better part of life in! B. Jonson. The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a second scene. Addison.

7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold scent.

8. Not sensitive; not acute. Smell this business with a sense as cold As is a dead man's nose. Shak.

9. Distant; — said, in the game of hunting for some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed.

10. (Paint.)

Defn: Having a bluish effect. Cf. Warm, 8. Cold abscess. See under Abscess. — Cold blast See under Blast, n., 2. Cold blood. See under Blood, n., 8. — Cold chill, an ague fit. Wright. — Cold chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for cutting cold metal. Weale. — Cold cream. See under Cream. — Cold slaw. See Cole slaw. — In cold blood, without excitement or passion; deliberately. He was slain in cold blood after thefight was over. Sir W. Scott. To give one the cold shoulder, to treat one with neglect.

Syn. — Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent; unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.

COLD Cold, n.

1. The relative absence of heat or warmth.

2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat; chilliness or chillness. When she saw her lord prepared to part, A deadly cold ran shivering to her heart. Dryden.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid state of the animal system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh. Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in the course of any disease attended with fever. — To leave one out in the cold, to overlook or neglect him. [Colloq.] Cold, v. i.

Defn: To become cold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLD-BLOODED Cold"-blood`ed, a.

1. Having cold blood; — said of fish or animals whose blood is but little warmer than the water or air about them.

2. Deficient in sensibility or feeling; hard-hearted.

3. Not thoroughbred; — said of animals, as horses, which are derived from the common stock of a country.

COLDFINCH Cold"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A British wagtail.

COLD-HEARTED Cold"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Wanting passion or feeling; indifferent. — Cold"-heart`ed*ness, n.

COLDISH Cold"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat cold; cool; chilly.

COLDLY Cold"ly, adv.

Defn: In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly. Withdraw unto some private place, And reason coldly of your grievances. Shak.

COLDNESS Cold"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being cold.

COLD-SHORT Cold"-short`, a.

Defn: Brittle when cold; as, cold-short iron.

COLD-SHUT Cold"-shut`, a. (Metal.)

Defn: Closed while too cold to become thoroughly welded; — said of a forging or casting. — n.

Defn: An imperfection caused by such insufficient welding.

COLD WAVE Cold" wave". (Meteor.)

Defn: In the terminology of the United States Weather Bureau, an unusual fall in temperature, to or below the freezing point, exceeding 16º in twenty-four hours or 20º in thirty-six hours, independent of the diurnal range.

COLE Cole, n. Etym: [OE. col, caul, AS. cawl, cawel, fr. L. caulis, the stalk or stem of a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin to Gr. Cauliflower, Kale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Brassica or Cabbage genus; esp. that form of B. oleracea called rape and coleseed.

CO-LEGATEE Co-leg`a*tee", n.

Defn: A joint legatee.

COLEGOOSE Cole"goose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Coalgoose.

COLEMANITE Cole"man*ite, n. Etym: [From W.T. Coleman of San Francisco.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless or white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.

COLEMOUSE Cole"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Coletit.

COLEOPTER Co`le*op"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERA Co`le*op"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of insects having the anterior pair of wings (elytra) hard and horny, and serving as coverings for the posterior pair, which are membranous, and folded transversely under the others when not in use. The mouth parts form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and maxillæ) adapted for chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known as beetles and weevils.

COLEOPTERAL; COLEOPTEROUS Co`le*op"ter*al, Co`le*op"ter*ous a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having wings covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERAN Co`le*op"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the order of Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERIST Co`le*op"ter*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in the study of the Coleoptera.

COLEORHIZA Co`le*o*rhi"za, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A sheath in the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle. Gray.

COLEPERCH Cole"perch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of small black perch.

COLERA Col"e*ra, n. Etym: [L. cholera. See Choler.]

Defn: Bile; choler. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLERIDGIAN Cole*ridg"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, or to his poetry or metaphysics.

COLESEED Cole"seed`, n.

Defn: The common rape or cole.

COLESLAW Cole"slaw`, n. Etym: [D. kool slaa cabbage salad.]

Defn: A salad made of sliced cabbage.

CO-LESSEE Co`-les*see", n.

Defn: A partner in a lease taen.

CO-LESSOR Co`-les*sor", n.

Defn: A partner in giving a lease.

COLESTAFF Cole"staff`, n.

Defn: See Colstaff.

COLET; COLLET Col"et, Col"letEtym: [Corrupted fr. acolyte.]

Defn: An inferior church servant. [Obs.] See Acolyte.

COLETIT; COALTIT Cole"tit` or Coal"tit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European titmouse (Parus ater), so named from its black color; — called also coalmouse and colemouse.

COLEUS Co"le*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of several species of the Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or variegated leaves.

COLEWORT Cole"wort`, n. Etym: [AS. cawlwyrt; cawl cole + wyrt wort. Cf. Collards.]

1. A variety of cabbage in which the leaves never form a compact head.

2. Any white cabbage before the head has become firm.

COLFOX Col"fox`, n.

Defn: A crafty fox. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLIC Col"ic, n. Etym: [F. colique, fr. L. colicus sick with the colic, GR. Colon.] (Med.)

Defn: A severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or distention of some one of the hollow viscera. Hepatic colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the bile duct. — Intestinal colic, or Ordinary colic, pain due to distention of the intestines by gas. — Lead colic, Painter's colic, a violent form of intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation, produced by chronic lead poisoning. — Renal colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a calculus from the kidney through the ureter. — Wind colic. See Intestinal colic, above.

COLIC Col"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to colic; affecting the bowels. Milton.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the colon; as, the colic arteries.

COLICAL Col"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic. Swift.

COLICKY Col"ick*y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky disorder.

COLICROOT Col"ic*root`, n.

Defn: A bitter American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves all radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike (Aletris farinosa and A. aurea). Called sometimes star grass, blackroot, blazing star, and unicorn root.

COLIN Col"in, n. Etym: [F. colin; prop. a dim. of Colas, contr. fr. Nicolas Nicholas.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to other related species. See Bobwhite.

COLISEUM Col`i*se"um, n. Etym: [NL. (cf. It. coliseo, colosseo), fr. L. colosseus colossal, fr. colossus a colossus. See Colossus, and cf. Colosseum.]

Defn: The amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome, the largest in the world. [Written also Colosseum.]

COLITIS Co*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane; colonitis.

COLL Coll, v. t. Etym: [OF. coler, fr. L. collum neck.]

Defn: To embrace. [Obs.] "They coll and kiss him." Latimer.

COLLABORATEUR Col*la`bo*ra*teur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Collaborator.

COLLABORATION Col*lab`o*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The act ofworking together; united labor.

COLLABORATOR Col*lab"o*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L. collaborare to labor together; col- + laborare to labor: cf. F. collaborateur.]

Defn: An associate in labor, especially in literary or scientific labor.

COLLAGEN Col"la*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it becomes gelatin or glue.

COLLAGENOUS Col*lag"e*nous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Containing or resembling collagen.

COLLAPSE Col*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Collapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Collapsing] Etym: [L. collapsus, p. p. of collabi to collapse; col- + labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.]

1. To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a hollow vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be crushed in together; as, a flue in the boiler of a steam engine sometimes collapses. A balloon collapses when the gas escapes from it. Maunder.

2. To fail suddenly and completely, like something hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse; as, Maximilian's government collapsed soon after the French army left Mexico; many financial projects collapse after attaining some success and importance.

COLLAPSE Col*lapse", n.

1. A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow vessel.

2. A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure of any kind; a breakdown. [Colloq.]

3. (Med.)

Defn: Extreme depression or sudden failing o

COLLAPSION Col*lap"sion, n. Etym: [L. collapsio.]

Defn: Collapse. [R.] Johnson.

COLLAR Col"lar, n. Etym: [OE. coler, coller, OF. colier, F. collier, necklace, collar, fr. OF. col neck, F. cou, fr. L. collum; akin to AS. heals, G. & Goth. hals. Cf. Hals, n.]

1. Something worn round the neck, whether for use, ornament, restraint, or identification; as, the collar of a coat; a lady's collar; the collar of a dog.

2. (Arch.) (a) A ring or cinture. (b) A collar beam.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The neck or line of junction between the root of a plant and its stem. Gray.

4. An ornament worn round the neck by knights, having on it devises to designate their rank or order.

5. (Zoöl.) (a) A ringlike part of a mollusk in connection with esophagus. (b) A colored ring round the neck of a bird or mammal.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: A ring or round flange upon, surrounding, or against an object, and used for rastraining motion within given limits, or for holding something to its place, or for hibing an opening around an object; as, a collar on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the shaft; a collar surrounding a stovepipe at the place where it enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of a stuffing box are sometimes called collars.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: An eye formed in the bight or bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.

8. (Mining)

Defn: A curb, or a horizontal timbering, around the mouth of a shaft. Raymond. Collar beam (Arch.), a horizontal piece of timber connecting and tying together two opposite rafters; — also, called simply collar. — Collar of brawn, the quantity of brawn bound up in one parcel. [Eng.] Johnson. — Collar day, a day of great ceremony at the English court, when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear the collars of those orders. — To slip the collar, to get free; to disentangle one's self from difficulty, labor, or engagement. Spenser.

COLLAR Col"lar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collared; p. pr. & vb. n. Collaring.]

1. To seize by the collar.

2. To put a collar on. To collar beef (or other meat), to roll it up, and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking it.

COLLAR BONE Col"lar bone`. (Anat.)

Defn: The clavicle.

COLLARDS Col"lards, n., pl. Etym: [Corrupted fr. colewort.]

Defn: Young cabbage, used as "greens"; esp. a kind cultivated for that purpose; colewort. [Colloq. Souther U. S.]

COLLARED Col"lared, a.

1. Wearing a collar. "Collared with gold." Chaucer.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Wearing a collar; — said of a man or beast used as a bearing when a collar is represented as worn around the neck or loins.

3. Rolled up and bound close with a string; as, collared beef. See To collar beef, under Collar, v. t.

COLLARET; COLLARETTE Col`lar*et", Col`la*rette", n. [F. collerette, dim. of collier. See Collar.]

Defn: A small collar; specif., a woman's collar of lace, fur, or other fancy material.

COLLATABLE Col*lat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being collated. Coleridge.

COLLATE Col*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collated; p. pr. & vb. n. Collating.] Etym: [From Collation.]

1. To compare critically, as books or manuscripts, in order to note the points of agreement or disagreement. I must collage it, word, with the original Hebrew. Coleridge.

2. To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a book for binding.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: To present and institute in a benefice, when the person presenting is both the patron and the ordinary; — followed by to.

4. To bestow or confer. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

COLLATE Col*late", v. i. (Ecl.)

Defn: To place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the patron and the ordinary. If the bishop neglets to collate within six months, the right to do it devolves on the archbishop. Encyc. Brit.

COLLATERAL Col*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [LL. collateralis; col- + lateralis lateral. See Lateral.]

1. Coming from, being on, or directed toward, the side; as, collateral pressure. "Collateral light." Shak.

2. Acting in an indirect way. If by direct or by collateral hand They find us touched, we will our kingdom give . . . To you in satisfaction. Shak.

3. Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main thing or matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not chief or principal; as, collateral interest; collateral issues. That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on the main question, and on all the collateral questions springing out of it, . . . is true. Macaulay.

4. Tending toward the same conclusion or result as something else; additional; as, collateral evidence. Yet the attempt may give Collateral interest to this homely tale. Wordsworth.

5. (Genealogy)

Defn: Descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one from the other; — opposed to lineal.

Note: Lineal descendants proceed one from another in a direct line; collateral relations spring from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that common stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers are collateral relations, having different fathers, but a common grandfather. Blackstone.

Collateral assurance, that which is made, over and above the deed itself. — Collateral circulation (Med. & Physiol.), circulation established through indirect or subordinate branches when the supply through the main vessel is obstructed. — Collateral issue. (Law) (a) An issue taken upon a matter aside from the merits of the case. (b) An issue raised by a criminal convict who pleads any matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as pardon, diversity of person, etc. (c) A point raised, on cross- examination, aside from the issue fixed by the pleadings, as to which the answer of the witness, when given, cannot subsequently be contradicted by the party asking the question. — Collateral security, security for the performance of covenants, or the payment of money, besides the principal security,

COLLATERAL Col*lat"er*al, n.

1. A collateral relative. Ayliffe.

2. Collateral security; that which is pledged or deposited as collateral security.

COLLATERALLY Col*lat"er*al*ly, adv.

1. Side by side; by the side. These pulleys . . . placed collaterally. Bp. Wilkins.

2. In an indirect or subordinate manner; indirectly. The will hath force upon the conscience collaterally and indirectly. Jer. Taylor.

3. In collateral relation; not lineally.

COLLATERALNESS Col*lat"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being collateral.

COLLATION Col*la"tion, n. Etym: [OE. collacioun speech, conference, reflection, OF. collacion, F. collation, fr. L. collatio a bringing together, comparing, fr. collatum (used as the supine of conferre); col- + latium (used as the supine of ferre to bear), for tlatum. See Tolerate, v. t.]

1. The act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy er thing (as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like kind; comparison, in general. Pope.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The gathering and examination of sheets preparatory to binding.

3. The act of conferring or bestowing. [Obs.] Not by the collation of the king . . . but by the people. Bacon.

4. A conference. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The presentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own gift.

6. (Law) (a) The act of comparing the copy of any paper with its original to ascertain its conformity. (b) The report of the act made by the proper officers.

7. (Scots Law)

Defn: The right which an heir has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equaly with others who are of the same degree of kindred.

Note: This also obtains in the civil law, and is found in the code of Louisiana. Bouvier.

8. (Eccles.)

Defn: A collection of the Lives of the Fathers or other devout work read daily in monasteries.

9. A light repast or luncheon; as, a cold collation; — first applied to the refreshment on fast days that accompanied the reading of the collation in monasteries. A collation of wine and sweetmeats. Whiston. Collation of seals (Old Law), a method of ascertaining the genuineness of a seal by comparing it with another known to be genuine. Bouvier.

COLLATION Col*la"tion, v. i.

Defn: To partake of a collation. [Obs.] May 20, 1658, I . . . collationed in Spring Garden. Evelyn.

COLLATIONER Col*la"tion*er, n. (Print.)

Defn: One who examines the sheets of a book that has just been printed, to ascertain whether they are correctly printed, paged, etc. [Eng.]

COLLATITIOUS Col`la*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. collatitius. See Collation.]

Defn: Brought together; contributed; done by contributions. [Obs.] Bailey.

COLLATIVE Col*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. collativus brought together. ]

Defn: Passing or held by collation; — said of livings of which the bishop and the patron are the same person.

COLLATOR Col*la"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who collates manuscripts, books, etc. Addison.

2. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: One who collates to a benefice.

3. One who confers any benefit. [Obs.] Feltham.

COLLAUD Col*laud", v. t. Etym: [L. collaudare; col- + laudare to praise.]

Defn: To join in praising. [Obs.] Howell.

COLLEAGUE Col"league, n. Etym: [F. coll*gue, L. collega one chosen at the same time with another, a partner in office; col- + legare to send or choose as deputy. See Legate.]

Defn: A partner or associate in some civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never used of partners in trade or manufactures.

Syn. — Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate; companion; confederate.

COLLEAGUE Col*league", v.t & i.

Defn: To unite or associate with another or with others. [R.] Shak.

COLLEAGUESHIP Col"league*ship, n.

Defn: Partnership in office. Milton.

COLLECT Col*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collected; p. pr. & vb. n. Collecting.] Etym: [L. collecrus, p. p. of collerige to bind together; col- + legere to gather: cf. OF. collecter. See Legend, and cf. Coil, v. t., Cull, v. t.]

1. To gather into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; to obtain by gathering. A band of men Collected choicely from each country. Shak. 'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what our labor and industry daily collect. Watts.

2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an account, or other indebtedness; as, to collect taxes.

3. To infer from observed facts; to conclude from premises. [Archaic.] Shak. Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill collected. Locke. To collect one's self, to recover from surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain self-control.

Syn. — To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate; garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.

COLLECT Col*lect", v. i.

1. To assemble together; as, the people collected in a crowd; to accumulate; as, snow collects in banks.

2. To infer; to conclude. [Archaic] Whence some collect that the former word imports a plurality of persons. South.

COLLECT Col"lect, n. Etym: [LL. collecta, fr. L. collecta a collection in money; an assemblage, fr. collerige: cf. F. collecte. See Collect, v. t.]

Defn: A short, comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day, occasion, or condition, and forming part of a liturgy. The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a collect in verse. Macaulay.

COLLECTANEA Col`lec*ta"ne*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. from L. collectaneus collected, fr. colligere. See Collect, v. t.]

Defn: Passages selected from various authors, usually for purposes of instruction; miscellany; anthology.

COLLECTED Col*lect"ed, a.

1. Gathered together.

2. Self-possessed; calm; composed.

COLLECTEDLY Col*lect"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Composedly; coolly.

COLLECTEDNESS Col*lect"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A collected state of the mind; self-possession.

COLLECTIBLE Col*lect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being collected.

COLLECTION Col*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. collectio: cf. F. collection.]

1. The act or process of collecting or of gathering; as, the collection of specimens.

2. That which is collected; as: (a) A gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons. "A collection of letters." Macaulay. (b) A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for freewill offerings. "The collection for the saints." 1 Cor. xvi. 1 (c) (Usually in pl.) That which is obtained in payment of demands. (d) An accumulation of any substance. "Collections of moisture." Whewell. "A purulent collection." Dunglison.

3. The act of inferring or concluding from premises or observed facts; also, that which is inferred. [Obs.] We may safely say thus, that wrong collections have been hitherto made out of those words by modern divines. Milton.

4. The jurisdiction of a collector of excise. [Eng.]

Syn. — Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd; congregation; mass; heap; compilation.

COLLECTIONAL Col*lec"tion*al (-al), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to collecting. The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for collectional purposes. H. A. Merewether.

COLLECTIVE Col*lect"ive, a. Etym: [L. collectivus: cf. F. collectif.]

1. Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; as, the collective body of a nation. Bp. Hoadley.

2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring. [Obs.] "Critical and collective reason." Sir T. Browne.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; as, a collective name or noun, like assembly, army, juri, etc.

4. Tending to collect; forming a collection. Local is his throne . . . to fix a point, A central point, collective of his sons. Young.

5. Having plurality of origin or authority; as, in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives of several governments is called a collective note. Collective fruit (Bot.), that which is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and the like; — called also multiple fruit. Gray.

COLLECTIVE Col*lect"ive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A collective noun or name.

COLLECTIVELY Col*lect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly.

COLLECTIVENESS Col*lect"ive*ness, n.

Defn: A state of union; mass.

COLLECTIVISM Col*lect"iv*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collectivisme.] (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by society collectively or as a whole; communism. W. G. Summer.

COLLECTIVIST Col*lect"iv*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collectiviste.]

Defn: An advocate of collectivism. — a.

Defn: Relating to, or characteristic of, collectivism.

COLLECTIVITY Col`lec*tiv"i*ty, n.

1. Quality or state of being collective.

2. The collective sum. aggregate, or mass of anything; specif., the people as a body; the state.

The proposition to give work by the collectivity is supposed to be in contravention of the sacred principle of monopolistic competition. W. D. Howells.

3. (Polit. Econ.) Collectivism.

COLLECTOR Col*lect"or, n. Etym: [LL. collector one who collects: cf. F. collecteur.]

1. One who collects things which are separate; esp., one who makes a business or practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural history, etc.; as, a collector of coins. I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have been thirty years a collector. Lamb.

2. A compiler of books; one who collects scattered passages and puts them together in one book. Volumes without the collector's own reflections. Addison.

3. (Com.)

Defn: An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or toll. A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by collectors, and other officers. Sir W. Temple.

4. One authorized to collect debts.

5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent. Todd.

COLLECTORATE Col*lect"or*ate, n.

Defn: The district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.

COLLECTORSHIP Col*lect"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a collector of customs or of taxes.

COLLEEN Col*leen", n. [Ir. cailin.]

Defn: A girl; a maiden. [Anglo-Irish]

Of all the colleens in the land Sweet Mollie is the daisy. The Century.

COLLEGATARY Col*leg"a*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. collegetarius. See Legatary.] (Law)

Defn: A joint legatee.

COLLEGE Col"lege, n. Etym: [F. collège, L. collegium, fr. collega colleague. See Colleague.]

1. A collection, body, or society of persons engaged in common pursuits, or having common duties and interests, and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and privileges; as, a college of heralds; a college of electors; a college of bishops. The college of the cardinals. Shak. Then they made colleges of sufferers; persons who, to secure their inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all their portion in this. Jer. Taylor.

2. A society of scholars or friends of learning, incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the higher branches of knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and many American colleges.

Note: In France and some other parts of continental Europe, college is used to include schools occupied with rudimentary studies, and receiving children as pupils.

3. A building, or number of buildings, used by a college. "The gate of Trinity College." Macaulay.

4. Fig.: A community. [R.] Thick as the college of the bees in May. Dryden. College of justice, a term applied in Scotland to the supreme civil courts and their principal officers. — The sacred college, the college or cardinals at Rome.

COLLEGIAL Col*le"gi*al, n. Etym: [LL. collegialis.]

Defn: Collegiate. [R.]

COLLEGIAN Col*le"gi*an, n.

Defn: A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a student in a college.

COLLEGIATE Col*le"gi*ate, a. Etym: [L. collegiatus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a college; as, collegiate studies; a collegiate society. Johnson. Collegiate church. (a) A church which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in having a college, or chapter of canons (and, in the Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey. (b) An association of churches, possessing common revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of several ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate Church of New York.

COLLEGIATE Col*le"gi*ate, n.

Defn: A member of a college. Burton.

COLLEMBOLA Col*lem"bo*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Thysanura which includes Podura, and allied forms.

COLLENCHYMA Col*len"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tissue of vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually) elongated.

COLLET Col"let, n. Etym: [F. collet, dim. fr. L. collum neck. See Collar.]

1. A small collar or neckband. Foxe.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A small metal ring; a small collar fastened on an arbor; as, the collet on the balance arbor of a watch; a small socket on a stem, for holding a drill.

3. (Jewelry) (a) The part of a ring containing the bezel in which the stone is set. (b) The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See Illust. of Brilliant. How full the collet with his jewel is! Cowley.

COLLETERIAL Col`le*te"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the colleterium of insects. R. Owen.

COLLETERIUM Col`le*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Colletic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the ejected ova.

COLLETIC Col*let"ic, a. Etym: [L. colleticus suitable for gluing, Gr.

Defn: Agglutinant. — n.

Defn: An agglutinant.

COLLEY Col"ley, n.

Defn: See Collie.

COLLIDE Col*lide", v. i. Etym: [L. collidere, collisum; col- + laedere to strike. See Lesion.]

Defn: To strike or dash against each other; to come into collision; to clash; as, the vessels collided; their interests collided. Across this space the attraction urges them. They collide, they recoil, they oscillate. Tyndall. No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and colliding. Carlyle.

COLLIDE Col*lide", v. t.

Defn: To strike or dash against. [Obs.] Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.

COLLIDINE Col"li*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of organic bases, C8H11N, usually pungent oily liquids, belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone oil, coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.

COLLIE Col"lie, n. Etym: [Gael. cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for flocks. [Written also colly, colley.]

COLLIED Col"lied, p. & a.

Defn: Darkened. See Colly, v. t.

COLLIER Col"lier, n. Etym: [OE. colier. See Coal.]

1. One engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.

2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.

COLLIERY Col"lier*y, n.; pl. Collieries. Etym: [Cf. Coalery, Collier.]

1. The place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc., belonging to it.

2. The coal trade. [Obs.] Johnson.

COLLIFLOWER Col"li*flow`er, n.

Defn: See Cauliflower.

COLLIGATE Col"li*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colligated; p. pr. & vb. n. Colligating.] Etym: [L. colligatus, p. p. of colligare to collect; co- + ligare to bind.]

1. To tie or bind together. The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows. Nicholson.

2. (Logic)

Defn: To bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single proposition. He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the most wonderful . . . phenomena. Tundall.

COLLIGATE Col"li*gate, a.

Defn: Bound together.

COLLIGATION Col`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. colligatio.]

1. A binding together. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Logic)

Defn: That process by which a number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were points in an ellipse. "The colligation of facts." Whewell. Colligation is not always induction, but induction is always colligation. J. S. Mill.

COLLIMATE Col"li*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collimated; p. p. & vb. n. Collimating.] Etym: [See Collimation.] (Physics & Astron.)

Defn: To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render parallel, as rays of light.

Collimating eyepiece, an eyepiece with a diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position in the field with that of the same wire seen directly. — Collimating lens (Optics), a lens used for producing parallel rays of light.

COLLIMATION Col`li*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collimation, fr. a false reading (collimare) for L. collineare to direct in a straight line; col- + linea line. Cf. Collineation.]

Defn: The act of collimating; the adjustment of the line of the sights, as the axial line of the telescope of an instrument, into its proper position relative to the other parts of the instrument. Error of collimation, the deviation of the line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the position it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of the instrument. — Line of collimation, the axial line of the telescope of an astronomical or geodetic instrument, or the line which passes through the optical center of the object glass and the intersection of the cross wires at its focus.

COLLIMATOR Col"li*ma`tor, n.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A telescope arranged and used to determine errors of collimation, both vertical and horizontal. Nichol.

2. (Optics)

Defn: A tube having a convex lens at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is at the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of parallel rays; also, a lens so used.

COLLIN Col"lin, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A very pure form of gelatin.

COLLINE Col"line, n. Etym: [F. colline, fr. L. collis a hill.]

Defn: A small hill or mount. [Obs.] And watered park, full of fine collines and ponds. Evelyn.

COLLINEATION Col*lin`e*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. collineare to direct in a straight line. See Collimation.]

Defn: The act of aiming at, or directing in a line with, a fixed object. [R.] Johnson.

COLLING Coll"ing, n. Etym: [From Coll, v. t.]

Defn: An embrace; dalliance. [Obs.] Halliwell.

COLLINGLY Coll"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With embraces. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

COLLINGUAL Col*lin"gual, a.

Defn: Having, or pertaining to, the same language.

COLLIQUABLE Col*liq"ua*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.] Harvey.

COLLIQUAMENT Col*liq"ua*ment, n.

Defn: The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. Dr. H. More.

COLLIQUATE Col"li*quate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Colliquated; p. pr. & vb. n. Colliquating.] Etym: [Pref. col- + L. liquare, liquatum, to melt.]

Defn: To change from solid to fluid; to make or become liquid; to melt. [Obs.] The ore of it is colliquated by the violence of the fire. Boyle. [Ice] will colliquate in water or warm oil. Sir T. Browne.

COLLIQUATION Col`li*qua"tion, n.

1. A melting together; the act of melting; fusion. When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to cool, there is generated, by the colliquation, that sort of concretion we call "glass". Boyle.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A processive wasting or melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious excretions of liquids by one or more passages. [Obs.]

COLLIQUATIVE Col*liq"ua*tive, a.

Defn: Causing rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as, collequative sweats.

COLLIQUEFACTION Col*liq`ue*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. colliquefactus melted; col- + liquefacere; liquere to be liquid + facere to make.]

Defn: A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion. The incorporation of metals by simple colliquefaction. Bacon.

COLLISH Col"lish, n. (Shoemaking)

Defn: A tool to polish the edge of a sole. Knight.

COLLISION Col*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. collisio, fr. collidere. See Collide.]

1. The act of striking together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.

2. A state of opposition; antagonism; interference. The collision of contrary false principles. Bp. Warburton. Sensitive to the most trifling collisions. W. Irving.

Syn. — Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.

COLLISIVE Col*li"sive, a.

Defn: Colliding; clashing. [Obs.]

COLLITIGANT Col*lit"i*gant, a.

Defn: Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] — n.

Defn: One who litigates or wrangles. [Obs.]

COLLOCATE Col"lo*cate, a. Etym: [L. collocatus, p. p. of collocare. See Couch.]

Defn: Set; placed. [Obs.] Bacon.

COLLOCATE Col"lo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collocated; p. pr. & vb. n. Collocating.]

Defn: To set or place; to set; to station. To marshal and collocate in order his battalions. E. Hall.

COLLOCATION Col`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. collocatio.]

Defn: The act of placing; the state of being placed with something else; disposition in place; arrangement. The choice and collocation of words. Sir W. Jones.

COLLOCUTION Col`lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. collocutio, fr. colloqui, -locutum, to converse; col- + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.]

Defn: A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual discourse. Bailey.

COLLOCUTOR Col"lo*cu`tor, n. Etym: [L. collocutor]

Defn: One of the speakers in a dialogue. Derham.

COLLODION Col*lo"di*on, n. Etym: [Gr. Colloid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton) in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a containing for wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the sensitive film in photography. Collodion process (Photog.), a process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in preparing the plate for taking a picture. — Styptic collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as tannin.

COLLODIONIZE Col*lo"di*on*ize, v. t.

Defn: To prepare or treat with collodion. R. Hunt.

COLLODIOTYPE Col*lo"di*o*type, n.

Defn: A picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or ambrotype.

COLLODIUM Col*lo"di*um, n.

Defn: See Collodion.

COLLOGUE Col*logue", v. i. Etym: [Cf. L. colloqui and E. dialogue. Cf. Collocution.]

Defn: To talk or confer secretly and confidentially; to converse, especially with evil intentions; to plot mischief. [Archaic or Colloq.] Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter, Collogue with her again, and all shall be well. Greene. He had been colloguing with my wife. Thackeray.

COLLOID Col"loid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid. Cf. Collodion.]

Defn: Resembling glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike appearance; gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.

COLLOID Col"loid, n.

1. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance (as albumin, gum, gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; — opposed to crystalloid.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A gelatinous substance found in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer. Styptic colloid (Med.), a preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.

COLLOIDAL Col*loid"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, colloids.

COLLOIDALITY Col`loi*dal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being colloidal.

COLLOP Col"lop, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. colp blow, stroke, piece, F. coup, fr. L. colophus buffet, cuff, Gr. [Written also colp.]

1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh. God knows thou art a collop of my flesh. Shak. Sweetbread and collops were with skewers pricked. Dryden.

2. A part or piece of anything; a portion. Cut two good collops out of the crown land. Fuller.

COLLOPED Col"loped, a.

Defn: Having ridges or bunches of flesh, like collops. With that red, gaunt, and colloped neck astrain. R. Browning.

COLLOPHORE Col"lo*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects belonging to the Collembola. (b) An adhesive marginal organ of the Lucernariae.

COLLOQUIAL Col*lo"qui*al, a. Etym: [See Colloqui.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or used in, conversation, esp. common and familiar conversation; conversational; hence, unstudied; informal; as, colloquial intercourse; colloquial phrases; a colloquial style. — Col*lo"qui*al*ly, adv. His [Johnson's] colloquial talents were, indeed, of the highest order. Macaulay.

COLLOQUIALISM Col*lo"qui*al*ism, n.

Defn: A colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or writing.

COLLOQUIALIZE Col*lo"qui*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make colloquial and familiar; as, to colloquialize one's style of writing.

COLLOQUIST Col"lo*quist, n.

Defn: A speaker in a colloquy or dialogue. Malone.

COLLOQUY Col"lo*quy, n.; pl. Colloquies. Etym: [L. colloquium. See Collocution.]

1. Mutual discourse of two or more persons; conference; conversation. They went to Worms, to the colloquy there about religion. A. Wood.

2. In some American colleges, a part in exhibitions, assigned for a certain scholarship rank; a designation of rank in collegiate scholarship.

COLLOTYPE Col"lo*type, n. [Gr. glue + -type.]

Defn: A photomechanical print made directly from a hardened film of gelatin or other colloid; also, the process of making such prints. According to one method, the film is sensitized with potassium dichromate and exposed to light under a reversed negative. After the dichromate has been washed out, the film is soaked in glycerin and water. As this treatment causes swelling in those parts of the film which have been acted on by light, a plate results from which impressions can be taken with prepared ink. The albertype, phototype, and heliotype are collotypes.

COLLOW Col"low, n.

Defn: Soot; smut. See 1st Colly. [Obs.]

COLLUCTANCY Col*luc"tan*cy, n. Etym: [L. colluctari to struggle with.]

Defn: A struggling to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of nature. [Obs.]

COLLUCTATION Col`luc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. colluctatio, fr. colluctari to struggle with; col- + luctari to struggle.]

Defn: A struggling; a contention. [Obs.] Colluctation with old hags and hobgoblins. Dr. H. More.

COLLUDE Col*lude", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Colluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Colluding.] Etym: [L. colludere, -lusum; col- + ludere to play. See Ludicrous.]

Defn: To have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play into each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert. If they let things take their course, they will be represented as colluding with sedition. Burke.

COLLUDER Col*lud"er, n.

Defn: One who conspires in a fraud.

COLLUM Col"lum, n.; pl. Colla. Etym: [L., neck.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A neck or cervix. Dunglison.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Collar. Gray.

COLLUSION Col*lu"sion, n. Etym: [L. collusio: cf. F. collusion. See Collude.]

1. A secret agreement and cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning. The foxe, maister of collusion. Spenser. That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and collusion. Atterbury. By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was bad and the price excessive. Swift.

2. (Law)

Defn: An agreement between two or more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms of law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law. Bouvier. Abbott.

Syn. — Collusion, Connivance. A person who is guilty of connivance intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to prevent. A person who is guilty of collusion unites with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent purposes.

COLLUSIVE Col*lu"sive, a.

1. Characterized by collusion; done or planned in collusion. "Collusive and sophistical arguings." J. Trapp. "Collusive divorces." Strype.

2. Acting in collusion. "Collusive parties." Burke. — Col*lu"sive*ly, adv. — Col*lu"sive*ness, n.

COLLUSORY Col*lu"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. collusorius.]

Defn: Collusive.

COLLUTORY Col"lu*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. colluere, collutum, to wash.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicated wash for the mouth.

COLLUVIES Col*lu"vi*es, n. [L., a collection of washings, dregs, offscourings, fr. colluere to wash; col-+ luere to wash.]

1. A collection or gathering, as of pus, or rubbish, or odds and ends.

2. A medley; offscourings or rabble.

COLLY Col"ly, n. Etym: [From Coal.]

Defn: The black grime or soot of coal. [Obs.] Burton.

COLLY Col"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collied; p. pr. & vb. n. Collying.]

Defn: To render black or dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime. [Archaic.] Thou hast not collied thy face enough. B. Jonson. Brief as the lighting in the collied night. Shak.

COLLY Col"ly, n.

Defn: A kind of dog. See Collie.

COLLYBIST Col"ly*bist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A money changer. [Obs.] In the face of these guilty collybists. Bp. Hall.

COLLYRIUM Col*lyr"i*um, n.; pl. E. Collyriums, L. Collyria. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An application to the eye, usually an eyewater.

COLOBOMA Col`o*bo"ma, n. [NL. fr. Gr. , the part taken away in mutilation, fr. to mutilate.] (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: A defect or malformation; esp., a fissure of the iris supposed to be a persistent embryonic cleft.

COLOCOLO Col`o*co"lo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American wild cat (Felis colocolo), of the size of the ocelot.

COLOCYNTH Col"ocynth, n. Etym: [L. colocynthis, Gr. Coloquintida.] (Med.)

Defn: The light spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber (Citrullus, or Cucumis, colocynthis), an Asiatic plant allied to the watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white balls, is intensely bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called also bitter apple, bitter cucumber, bitter gourd.

COLOCYNTHIN Col`o*cyn"thin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colocynthine.] (Chem.)

Defn: The active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.

COLOGNE Co*logne", n. Etym: [Originally made in Cologne, the French name of Köln, a city in Germany.]

Defn: A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; — called also cologne water and eau de cologne.

COLOGNE EARTH Co*logne" earth`. Etym: [From Cologne the city.] (Min.)

Defn: An earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable than mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown coal.

COLOMBIER Col"om*bier, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A large size of paper for drawings. See under Paper.

COLOMBIN Co*lom"bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Calumbin.

COLOMBO Co*lom"bo, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLON Co"lon, n. Etym: [L. colon, colum, limb, member, the largest of the intestines, fr. Gr. colon. Cf. Colic.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the large intestines which extends from the cæcum to the rectum.

Note: [See Illust of Digestion.]

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A point or character, formed thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are complete in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place of a conjunction.

COLONEL Colo"nel, n. Etym: [F. colonel, It. colonello, prop., the chief or commander of a column, fr. colonna column, L. columna. See Column.] (Mil.)

Defn: The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier general.

COLONELCY Colo"nel*cy, n. (Mil.)

Defn: The office, rank, or commission of a colonel.

COLONELSHIP Colo"nel*ship, n.

Defn: Colonelcy. Swift.

COLONER Col"o*ner, n.

Defn: A colonist. [Obs.] Holland

COLONIAL Co*lo"ni*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. colonial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a colony; as, colonial rights, traffic, wars.

COLONIALISM Co*lo"ni*al*ism, n.

1. The state or quality of, or the relationship involved in, being colonial.

The last tie of colonialism which bound us to the mother country is broken. Brander Matthews.

2. A custom, idea, feature of government, or the like, characteristic of a colony.

3. The colonial system or policy in political government or extension of territory.

COLONICAL Co*lon"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. colonus husbandman.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to husbandmen. [Obs.]

COLONIST Col"o*nist, n.

Defn: A member or inhabitant of a colony.

COLONITIS Col`o*ni"tis, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Colitis.

COLONIZATION Col`o*ni*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colonisation.]

Defn: Tha act of colonizing, or the state of being colonized; the formation of a colony or colonies. The wide continent of America invited colonization. Bancroft.

COLONIZATIONIST Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A friend to colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the colonization of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United States.

COLONIZE Col"o*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Colonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. coloniser.]

Defn: To plant or establish a colony or colonies in; to people with colonists; to migrate to and settle in. Bacon. They that would thus colonize the stars with inhabitants. Howell.

COLONIZE Col"o*nize, v. i.

Defn: To remove to, and settle in, a distant country; to make a colony. C. Buchanan.

COLONIZER Col"o*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist. Bancroft.

COLONNADE Col`on*nade", n. Etym: [F. colonnade, It. colonnata, fr. colonna column. See Colonel.] (Arch.)

Defn: A series or range of columns placed at regular intervals with all the adjuncts, as entablature, stylobate, roof, etc.

Note: When in front of a building, it is called a portico; when surrounding a building or an open court or square, a peristyle.

COLONY Col"o*ny, n.; pl. Colonies. Etym: [L. colonia, fr. colonus farmer, fr. colere to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. colonie. Cf. Culture.]

1. A company of people transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or country, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state; as, the British colonies in America. The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen, well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty. There was never a colony formed of better materials. Ames.

2. The district or country colonized; a settlement.

3. A company of persons from the same country sojourning in a foreign city or land; as, the American colony in Paris.

4. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A number of animals or plants living or growing together, beyond their usual range.

COLOPHANY Col"o*pha`ny ( or ), n.

Defn: See Colophony.

COLOPHENE Co"lo*phene ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, oily liquid, formerly obtained by distillation of colophony. It is regarded as a polymeric form of terebenthene. Called also diterebene.

COLOPHON Col"o*phon, n. Etym: [L. colophon finishing stroke, Gr. culmen top, collis hill. Cf. Holm.]

Defn: An inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and date of publication, printer's name, etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book. The colophon, or final description, fell into disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct means of identifying the book. De Morgan. The book was uninjured from title page to colophon. Sir W. Scott.

COLOPHONITE Col"o*pho*nite ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. colophonite. So named from its resemblance to the color of colophony.] (Min.)

Defn: A coarsely granular variety of garnet.

COLOPHONY Col"o*pho`ny ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Rosin.

COLOQUINTIDA Col`o*quin"ti*da, n.

Defn: See Colocynth. Shak.

COLOR Col"or, n. [Written also colour.] Etym: [OF. color, colur, colour, F. couleur, L. color; prob. akin to celare to conceal (the color taken as that which covers). See Helmet.]

1. A property depending on the relations of light to the eye, by which individual and specific differences in the hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay colors; sad colors, etc.

Note: The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which rays of light produce different effects according to the length of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of color, and the color of objects depends upon their power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which fall upon them.

2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.

3. The hue or color characteristic of good health and spirits; ruddy complexion. Give color to my pale cheek. Shak.

4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; as, oil colors or water colors.

5. That which covers or hides the real character of anything; semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance. They had let down the boat into the sea, under color as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship. Acts xxvii. 30. That he should die is worthy policy; But yet we want a color for his death. Shak.

6. Shade or variety of character; kind; species. Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this color. Shak.

7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar symbol (usually in the plural); as, the colors or color of a ship or regiment; the colors of a race horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the jockey). In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery has two colors, one national and one regimental. Farrow.

8. (Law)

Defn: An apparent right; as where the defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of title, by stating his title specially, thus removing the cause from the jury to the court. Blackstone.

Note: Color is express when it is asverred in the pleading, and implied when it is implied in the pleading. Body color. See under Body. — Color blindness, total or partial inability to distinguish or recognize colors. See Daltonism. — Complementary color, one of two colors so related to each other that when blended together they produce white light; — so called because each color makes up to the other what it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors, when mixed, produce effects differing from those of the primary colors, in consequence of partial absorption. — Of color (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race; — commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood, pure or mixed. — Primary colors, those developed from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are reduced by some authors to three, — red, green, and violet-blue. These three are sometimes called fundamental colors. — Subjective or Accidental color, a false or spurious color seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous impression upon the retina, and a gradual change of its character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and with a circumference regulary subdiveded, is made to revolve rapidly over a dark object, the teeth, of the wheel appear to the eye of different shades of color varying with the rapidity of rotation. See Accidental colors, under Accidental.

COLOR Col"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colored; p. pr. & vb. n. Coloring.] Etym: [F. colorer.]

1. To change or alter the bue or tint of, by dyeing, staining, painting, etc.; to dye; to tinge; to aint; to stain. The rays, to speak properly, are not colored; in them there is nothing else than a certain power and disposition to stir up a sensation of this or that color. Sir I. Newton.

2. To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting; to give a false appearance to; usually, to give a specious appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make plausible; to palliate or excuse; as, the facts were colored by his prejudices. He colors the falsehood of Æneas by an express command from Jupiter to forsake the queen. Dryden.

3. To hide. [Obs.] That by his fellowship he color might Both his estate and love from skill of any wight. Spenser.

COLOR Col"or, v. i.

Defn: To acquire color; to turn red, especially in the face; to blush.

COLORABLE Col"or*a*ble, a.

Defn: Specious; plausible; having an appearance of right or justice. "Colorable pretense for infidility." Bp. Stillingfleet. — Col"or*a*ble*ness, n. — Col"or*a*bly, adv. Colorable and subtle crimes, that seldom are taken within the walk of human justice. Hooker.

COLORADO BEETLE Col`o*ra"do bee"tle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A yellowish beetle (Doryphora decemlineata), with ten longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated eastwards from its original habitat in Colorado, and is very destructive to the potato plant; — called also potato beetle and potato bug. See Potato beetle.

COLORADO GROUP Col`o*ra"do group. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North America, especially developed in Colorado and the upper Missouri region.

COLORADOITE Col`o*ra"do*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic mineral, found in Colorado.

COLORATE Col"or*ate, a. Etym: [L. coloratus, p. p. of colorare to color.]

Defn: Colored. [Obs.] Ray.

COLORATION Col`or*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or art of coloring; the state of being colored. Bacon. The females . . . resemble each other in their general type of coloration. Darwin.

COLORATURE Col"or*a*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. G. coloratur, fr. LL. coloratura.] (Mus.)

Defn: Vocal music colored, as it were, by florid ornaments, runs, or rapid passages.

COLOR-BLIND Col"or-blind, a.

Defn: Affected with color blindness. See Color blindness, under Color, n.

COLORED Col"ored, a.

1. Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained. The lime rod, colored as the glede. Chaucer. The colored rainbow arched wide. Spenser.

2. Specious; plausible; aborned so as to appear well; as, a highly colored description. Sir G. C. Lewis. His colored crime with craft to cloke. Spenser.

3. Of some other color than black or white.

4. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of some other color than white; specifically applied to negroes or persons having negro blood; as, a colored man; the colored people.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Of some other color than green. Colored, meaning, as applied to foliage, of some other color than green. Gray.

Note: In botany, green is not regarded as a color, but white is. Wood.

COLORIFIC Col`or*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. color color + facere to make: cf. F. colorifique.]

Defn: Capable of communicating color or tint to other bodies.

COLORIMETER Col`or*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [Color + -meter: cf. F. colorimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the depth of the color of anything, especially of a liquid, by comparison with a standard liquid.

COLORIMETRY Col`or*im"e*try, n. [See Colorimeter.]

1.

Defn: The quantitative determination of the depth of color of a substance.

2. A method of quantitative chemical analysis based upon the comparison of the depth of color of a solution with that of a standard liquid.

COLORING Col"or*ing, n.

1. The act of applying color to; also, that which produces color.

2. Change of appearance as by addition of color; appearance; show; disguise; misrepresentation. Tell the whole story without coloring or gloss. Compton Reade. Dead coloring. See under Dead.

COLORIST Col"or*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coloriste.]

Defn: One who colors; an artist who excels in the use of colors; one to whom coloring is of prime importance. Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of the good colorists. Dryden.

COLORLESS Col"or*less, a.

1. Without color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; as, colorless water.

2. Free from any manifestation of partial or peculiar sentiment or feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes, prejudice, etc.; as, colorless music; a colorless style; definitions should be colorless.

COLORMAN Col"or*man, n.; pl. Colormen.

Defn: A vender of paints, etc. Simmonds.

COLOR SERGEANT Col"or ser"geant.

Defn: See under Sergeant.

COLOSSAL Co*los"sal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cossal, L. colosseus. See Colossus.]

1. Of enormous size; gigantic; huge; as, a colossal statue. "A colossal stride." Motley.

2. (Sculpture & Painting)

Defn: Of a size larger than heroic. See Heroic.

COLOSSEAN Col`os*se"an, a.

Defn: Colossal. [R.]

COLOSSEUM Col`os*se"um, n. Etym: [Neut., fr. L. coloseus gigantic. See Coliseum.]

Defn: The amphitheater of Vespasian in Rome. [Also written Coliseum.]

COLOSSUS Co*los"sus, n.; pl. L. Colossi, E. Colossuses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome, the Colossus of Apollo at Rhodes. He doth bestride the narrow world Like a colossus. Shak.

Note: There is no authority for the statement that the legs of the Colossus at Rhodes extended over the mouth of the harbor. Dr. Wm. Smith.

2. Any man or beast of gigantic size.

COLOSTRUM Co*los"trum, n. Etym: [L., biestings.] (Med.) (a) The first milk secreted after delivery; biestings. (b) A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg, formerly used as an emulsion.

COLOTOMY Co*lot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An operation for opening the colon

COLOUR Col"our, n.

Defn: See Color.

COLP Colp, n.

Defn: See Collop.

COLPORTAGE Col"por`tage, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by colporteurs.

COLPORTER Col"por`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Colporteur.

COLPORTEUR Col"por`teur, n. Etym: [F. colporteur one who carries on his neck, fr. colporter to carry on one's neck; col (L. collum) neck + porter (L. portare) to carry.]

Defn: A hawker; specifically, one who travels about selling and distributing religious tracts and books.

COLSTAFF Col"staff`, n. Etym: [F. col neck + E. staff. Cf. Coll.]

Defn: A staff by means of which a burden is borne by two persons on their shoulders.

COLT Colt (; 110), n. Etym: [OE. colt a young horse, ass, or camel, AS. colt; cf. dial. Sw. kullt a boy, lad.]

1. The young of the equine genus or horse kind of animals; — sometimes distinctively applied to the male, filly being the female. Cf. Foal.

Note: In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of colts from some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or May 1, next preceding the birth of the animal.

2. A young, foolish fellow. Shak.

3. A short knotted rope formerly used as an instrument of punishment in the navy. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Colt's tooth, an imperfect or superfluous tooth in young horses. — To cast one's colt's tooth, to cease from youthful wantonness. "Your colt's tooth is not cast yet." Shak. — To have a colt's tooth, to be wanton. Chaucer.

COLT Colt (; 110), v. i.

Defn: To frisk or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or wantonly. [Obs.] They shook off their bridles and began to colt. Spenser.

COLT Colt, v. t.

1. To horse; to get with young. Shak.

2. To befool. [Obs.] Shak.

COLTER Col"ter, n. Etym: [AS. culter, fr. L. culter plowshare, knife. Cf. Cutlass.]

Defn: A knife or cutter, attached to the beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance of the plowshare and moldboard. [Written also coulter.]

COLTISH Colt"ish, a.

Defn: Like a colt; wanton; frisky. He was all coltish, full of ragery. Chaucer. — Colt"ish*ly, adv. — Colt"ish*ness, n.

COLT PISTOL Colt pistol. (Firearms)

Defn: A self-loading or semi-automatic pistol with removable magazine in the handle holding seven cartridges. The recoil extracts and ejects the empty cartridge case, and reloads ready for another shot. Called also Browning, and Colt-Browning, pistol.

COLT REVOLVER Colt revolver. (Firearms)

Defn: A revolver made according to a system using a patented revolving cylinder, holding six cartridges, patented by Samuel Colt, an American inventor, in 1835. With various modifications, it has for many years been the standard for the United States army.

COLTSFOOT Colts"foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herb (Tussilago Farfara), whose leaves and rootstock are sometimes employed in medicine. Butterbur coltsfoot (Bot.), a European plant (Petasites vulgaris).

COLT'S TOOTH Colt's" tooth`.

Defn: See under Colt.

COLUBER Col"u*ber, n. Etym: [L., a serpent.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of harmless serpents.

Note: Linnæus placed in this genus all serpents, whether venomous or not, whose scales beneath the tail are arranged in pairs; but by modern writers it is greatly restricted.

COLUBRINE Col"u*brine, a. Etym: [L. colubrinus.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.

2. Like a snake; cunning; crafty. Johnson.

COLUGO Co*lu"go, n. Etym: [Prob. an aboriginal name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar East Indian mammal (Galleopithecus volans), having along the sides, connecting the fore and hind limbs, a parachutelike membrane, by means of which it is able to make long leaps, like the flying squirrel; — called also flying lemur.

COLUMBA Co*lum"ba, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLUMBAE Co*lum"bæ, n. pl.; Etym: [L. columba pigeon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the pigeons.

COLUMBARIUM Col`um*ba"ri*um, n.; pl. L. Columbaria Etym: [L. See Columbary.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A dovecote or pigeon house. (b) A sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary urns.

COLUMBARY Col"um*ba*ry, n.; pl. Columbaries. Etym: [L. columbarium, fr. columba a dove.]

Defn: A dovecote; a pigeon house. Sir T. Browne.

COLUMBATE Co*lum"bate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colombate. See Columbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See Columbium.

COLUMBATZ FLY Co*lum"batz fly`. Etym: [From Kolumbatz, a mountain in Germany.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Buffalo fly, under Buffalo.

COLUMBELLA Col`um*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. columba a dove. So called from a fancied resemblance in color and form, of some species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of univale shells, abundant in tropical seas. Some species, as Columbella mercatoria, were formerly used as shell money.

COLUMBIA Co*lum"bi*a, n.

Defn: America; the United States; — a poetical appellation given in honor of Columbus, the discoverer. Dr. T. Dwight.

COLUMBIAD Co*lum"bi*ad, n. Etym: [From Columbia the United States.] (Mil.)

Defn: A form of seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed for throwing shot or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high angles of elevation.

Note: Since the War of 1812 the Columbiad has been much modified form now used in seacoast defense is often called the Rodman gun.

COLUMBIAN Co*lum"bi*an, a. Etym: [From Columbia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the United States, or to America.

COLUMBIC Co*lum"bic, a. Etym: [From Columbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, columbium or niobium; niobic. Columbic acid (Chem.), a weak acid derived from columbic or niobic oxide, Nb2O5; — called also niobic acid.

COLUMBIC Co*lum"bic, a. Etym: [From Columbo.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the columbo root. Columbic acid (Chem.), an organic acid extracted from the columbo root as a bitter, yellow, amorphous substance.

COLUMBIER Co*lum"bi*er, n.

Defn: See Colombier.

COLUMBIFEROUS Col"um*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Columbium + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing columbium.

COLUMBIN Co*lum"bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, bitter substance. See Calumbin.

COLUMBINE Col"um*bine, a. Etym: [L. columbinus, fr. columba dove.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored. "Columbine innocency." Bacon.

COLUMBINE Col"um*bine, n. Etym: [LL. columbina, L. columbinus dovelike, fr. columba dove: cf. F. colombine. Perh. so called from the beaklike spurs of its flowers.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of several species of the genus Aquilegia; as, A. vulgaris, or the common garden columbine; A. Canadensis, the wild red columbine of North America.

2. The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in pantomimes. Brewer.

COLUMBITE Co*lum"bite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colombite. See Columbium.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a black color, submetallic luster, and high specific specific gravity. It is a niobate (or columbate) of iron and manganese, containing tantalate of iron; — first found in New England.

COLUMBIUM Co*lum"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Columbia America.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the vanadium group, first found in a variety of the mineral columbite occurring in Connecticut, probably at Haddam. Atomic weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now more commonly called niobium.

COLUMBO Co*lum"bo, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLUMBUS DAY Co*lum"bus Day.

Defn: The 12th day of October, on which day in 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America, landing on one of the Bahama Islands (probably the one now commonly called Watling Island), and naming it "San Salvador"; — called also Discovery Day. This day is made a legal holiday in many States of The United States.

COLUMELLA Col`u*mel"la, n. Etym: [L., dim. of columen column. See Column.]

1. (Bot.) (a) An axis to which a carpel of a compound pistil may be attached, as in the case of the geranium; or which is left when a pod opens. (b) A columnlike axis in the capsule of mosses.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A term applied to various columnlike parts; as, the columnella, or epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many lizards; the columella of the ear, the bony or cartilaginous rod connecting the tympanic membrane with the internal ear.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) The upright pillar in the axis of most univalve shells. (b) The central pillar or axis of the calicles of certain corals.

COLUMELLIFORM Col`u*mel"li*form, a. Etym: [Columella + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a little column, or columella.

COLUMN Col"umn, n. Etym: [L. columna, fr. columen, culmen, fr. cellere (used only in comp.), akin to E. excel, and prob. to holm. See Holm, and cf. Colonel.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or polygonal support for a roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft, and capital. See Order.

2. Anything resembling, in form or position, a column an architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or obelisk; as, a column of air, of water, of mercury, etc. ; the Column Vendôme; the spinal column.

3. (Mil.) (a) A body of troops formed in ranks, one behind the other; — contradistinguished from line. Compare Ploy, and Deploy. (b) A small army.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A number of ships so arranged as to follow one another in single or double file or in squadrons; — in distinction from "line", where they are side by side.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A perpendicular set of lines, not extending across the page, and separated from other matter by a rule or blank space; as, a column in a newspaper.

6. (Arith.)

Defn: A perpendicular line of figures.

7. (Bot.)

Defn: The body formed by the union of the stamens in the Mallow family, or of the stamens and pistil in the orchids. Attached column. See under Attach, v. t. — Clustered column. See under Cluster, v. t. — Column rule, a thin strip of brass separating columns of type in the form, and making a line between them in printing.

COLUMNAR Co*lum"*nar, a. Etym: [L. columnaris, fr. columna.]

Defn: Formed in columns; having the form of a column or columns; like the shaft of a column. Columnar epithelium (Anat.), epithelium in which the cells are priismatic in form, and set upright on the surface they cover. — Columnar structure (Geol.), a structure consisting of more or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface above. This structure is characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.

COLUMNARITY Col`um*nar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being columnar.

COLUMNATED Co*lum"na*ted, a.

Defn: Having columns; as, columnated temples.

COLUMNED Col"umned, a.

Defn: Having columns. Troas and Ilion's columned citadel. Tennyson.

COLUMNIATION Co*lum`ni*a"tion, n.

Defn: The employment or arrangement of columns in a structure. Gwilt.

COLURE Co*lure", n.; pl. Colures. Etym: [F. colure, L. coluri, pl., fr. Gr. (Astron. & Geog.)

Defn: One of two great circles intersecting at right angles in the poles of the equator. One of them passes through the equinoctial points, and hence is denominated the equinoctial colure; the other intersects the equator at the distance of 90º from the former, and is called the solstitial colure. Thrice the equinoctial line He circled; four times crossed the car of night From pole to pole, traversing each colure. Milton.

COLY Co"ly, n.; pl. Colies. Etym: [NL. colius, prob. fr. Gr.

Defn: Any bird of the genus Colius and allied genera. They inhabit Africa.

COLZA Col"za, n. Etym: [F., fr. D. koolzaad, prob., cabbage seed; kool (akin to E. cole) + zaad akin to E. seed.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes; summer rape.

COM- Com-.

Defn: A prefix from the Latin preposition cum, signifying with, together, in conjunction, very, etc. It is used in the form com- before b, m, p, and sometimes f, and by assimilation becomes col- before l, cor- before r, and con- before any consonant except b, h, l, m, p, r, and w. Before a vowel com- becomes co-; also before h, w, and sometimes before other consonants.

COMA Co"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cemetery.]

Defn: A state of profound insensibility from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a person. See Carus.

COMA Co"ma, n. Etym: [L., hair, fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The envelope of a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the nucleus or body of a comet.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A tuft or bunch, — as the assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a cluster of brachts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds. Coma Berenices ( Etym: [L.] (Astron.), a small constellation north of Virgo; — called also Berenice's Hair.

COMANCHES Co*man"ches ( or ), n. pl.; sing. Comanche ( or ) . (Ethnol.)

Defn: A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of the Shoshone family of Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the adjacent parts of the United States; — called also Paducahs. They are noted for plundering and cruelty.

COMART Co"mart`, n.

Defn: A covenant. [Obs.] Shak.

COMATE Co"mate, a. Etym: [L. comatus, fr. comare to clothe with hair, fr. coma hair.]

Defn: Encompassed with a coma, or bushy appearance, like hair; hairy.

CO-MATE Co"-mate`, n. Etym: [Pref. co- + mate.]

Defn: A companion. Shak.

COMATOSE Co"ma*tose` ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [From Coma lethargy.]

Defn: Relating to, or resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; as, comatose sleep; comatose fever.

COMATOUS Co"ma*tous, a.

Defn: Comatose.

COMATULA Co*mat"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. comatulus having hair neatly curled, dim. fr. coma hair.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crinoid of the genus Antedon and related genera. When young they are fixed by a stem. When adult they become detached and cling to seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal cirri; — called also feather stars.

COMATULID Co*mat"u*lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any crinoid of the genus Antedon or allied genera.

COMB Comb (; 110), n. Etym: [AS.. camb; akin to Sw., Dan., & D. kam, Icel. kambr, G. kamm, Gr. jambha tooth.]

1. An instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing, and adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place.

2. An instrument for currying hairy animals, or cleansing and smoothing their coats; a currycomb.

3. (Manuf. & Mech.) (a) A toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool, flax, hair, etc. (b) The serrated vibratory doffing knife of a carding machine. (c) A former, commonly cone-shaped, used in hat manufacturing for hardening the soft fiber into a bat. (d) A tool with teeth, used for chasing screws on work in a lathe; a chaser. (e) The notched scale of a wire micrometer. (f) The collector of an electrical machine, usually resembling a comb.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) The naked fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the bill or hood of a cock or other bird. It is usually red. (b) One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the abdomen of scorpions.

5. The curling crest of a wave.

6. The waxen framework forming the walls of the cells in which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.; honeycomb. "A comb of honey." Wyclif. When the bee doth leave her comb. Shak.

7. The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by which it may be cocked.

COMB Comb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Combed; p. pr. & vb. n. Combing.]

Defn: To disentangle, cleanse, or adjust, with a comb; to lay smooth and straight with, or as with, a comb; as, to comb hair or wool. See under Combing. Comb down his hair; look, look! it stands upright. Shak.

COMB Comb, v. i. Etym: [See Comb, n., 5.] (Naut.)

Defn: To roll over, as the top or crest of a wave; to break with a white foam, as waves.

COMB; COMBE Comb, Combe ( or ), n. Etym: [AS. comb, prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. cwm a dale, valley.]

Defn: That unwatered portion of a valley which forms its continuation beyond and above the most elevated spring that issues into it. [Written also coombe.] Buckland. A gradual rise the shelving combe Displayed. Southey.

COMB Comb, n.

Defn: A dry measure. See Coomb.

COMBAT Com"bat ( or ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Combated; p. pr. & vb. n. Combating.] Etym: [F. combattre; pref. com- + battre to beat, fr. L. battuere to strike. See Batter.]

Defn: To struggle or contend, as with an opposing force; to fight. To combat with a blind man I disdain. Milton. After the fall of the republic, the Romans combated only for the choice of masters. Gibbon.

COMBAT Com"bat, v. t.

Defn: To fight with; to oppose by force, argument, etc.; to contend against; to resist. When he the ambitious Norway combated. Shak. And combated in silence all these reasons. Milton. Minds combat minds, repelling and repelled. Goldsmith.

Syn. — To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand; oppugn; antagonize; repel; resent.

COMBAT Com"bat, n. Etym: [Cf. F. combat.]

1. A fight; a contest of violence; a struggle for supremacy. My courage try by combat, if thou dar'st. Shak. The noble combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow was fought in Paulina. Shak.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An engagement of no great magnitude; or one in which the parties engaged are not armies. Single combat, one in which a single combatant meets a single opponent, as in the case of David and Goliath; also a duel.

Syn. — A battle; engagement; conflict; contest; contention; struggle; fight, strife. See Battle, Contest.

COMBATABLE Com"bat*a*ble ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. combattable.]

Defn: Such as can be, or is liable to be, combated; as, combatable foes, evils, or arguments.

COMBATANT Com"bat*ant, a. Etym: [F. combattant, p. pr.]

Defn: Contending; disposed to contend. B. Jonson.

COMBATANT Com"bat*ant, n. Etym: [F. combattant.]

Defn: One who engages in combat. "The mighty combatants." Milton. A controversy which long survived the original combatants. Macaulay

COMBATER Com"bat*er, n.

Defn: One who combats. Sherwood.

COMBATIVE Com"bat*ive or

Defn: (

COMBATIVENESS Com"bat*ive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being combative; propensity to contend or to quarrel.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: A cranial development supposed to indicate a combative disposition.

COMBATTANT Com`bat`tant", a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: In the position of fighting; — said of two lions set face to face, each rampant.

COMBBROACH Comb"broach`, n.

Defn: A tooth of a wool comb. [Written also combrouch.]

COMBE Combe ( or ), n.

Defn: See Comb.

COMBER Comb"er, n.

1. One who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool, flax, etc. Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.

2. A long, curling wave.

COMBER Com"ber, v. t.

Defn: To cumber. [Obs.] Spenser.

COMBER Com"ber, n.

Defn: Encumbrance. [Obs.]

COMBER Com"ber, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to a species of wrasse. [Prov. Eng.]

COMBINABLE Com*bin"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. combinable.]

Defn: Capable of combinding; consistent with. [R.] M. Arnold. — Com*bin"a*ble*ness, n.

COMBINATE Com"bi*nate, a. Etym: [LL. combinatus, p. p.]

Defn: United; joined; betrothed. [R.]

COMBINATION Com`bi*na"tion, n. Etym: [LL. combinatio. See Combine.]

1. The act or process of combining or uniting persons and things. Making new compounds by new combinations. Boyle. A solemn combination shall be made Of our dear souls. Shak.

2. The result of combining or uniting; union of persons or things; esp. a union or alliance of persons or states to effect some purpose; — usually in a bad sense. A combination of the most powerful men in Rome who had conspired my ruin. Melmoth.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of uniting by chemical affinity, by which substances unite with each other in definite proportions by weight to form distinct compounds.

4. pl. (Math.)

Defn: The different arrangements of a number of objects, as letters, into groups.

Note: In combinations no regard is paid to the order in which the objects are arranged in each group, while in variations and permutations this order is respected. Brande & C. Combination car, a railroad car containing two or more compartments used for different purposes. [U. S.] — Combination lock, a lock in which the mechanism is controlled by means of a movable dial (sometimes by several dials or rings) inscribed with letters or other characters. The bolt of the lock can not be operated until after the dial has been so turned as to combine the characters in a certain order or succession. — Combination room, in the University of Cambridge, Eng., a room into which the fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and conversation. — Combination by volume (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio by which gaseous elements and compounds unite in definite proportions by volume to form distinct compounds. — Combination by weight (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio, in which substances unite in proportions by weight, relatively fixed and exact, to form distinct compounds. See Law of definite proportions, under Definite.

Syn. — Cabal; alliance; association; league; union; confederacy; coalition; conspiracy. See Cabal.

COMBINE Com*bine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Combined; p. pr. & vb. n. Combining.] Etym: [LL. combinare, combinatum; L. com- + binus, pl. bini, two and two, double: cf. F. combiner. See Binary.]

1. To unite or join; to link closely together; to bring into harmonious union; to cause or unite so as to form a homogeneous, as by chemical union. So fitly them in pairs thou hast combined. Milton. Friendship is the which really combines mankind. Dr. H. More. And all combined, save what thou must combine By holy marriage. Shak. Earthly sounds, though sweet and well combined. Cowper.

2. To bind; to hold by a moral tie. [Obs.] I am combined by a sacred vow. Shak.

COMBINE Com*bine", v. i.

1. To form a union; to agree; to coalesce; to confederate. You with your foes combine, And seem your own destruction to design Dryden. So sweet did harp and voice combine. Sir W. Scott.

2. To unite by affinity or natural attraction; as, two substances, which will not combine of themselves, may be made to combine by the intervention of a third.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: In the game of casino, to play a card which will take two or more cards whose aggregate number of pips equals those of the card played. Combining weight (Chem.), that proportional weight, usually referred to hydrogen as a standard, and for each element fixed and exact, by which an element unites with another to form a distinct compound. The combining weights either are identical with, or are multiples or multiples of, the atomic weight. See Atomic weight, under Atomic, a.

COMBINED Com*bined", a.

Defn: United closely; confederated; chemically united.

COMBINEDLY Com*bin"ed*ly, adv. In combination or coöperation

Defn: ; jointly.

COMBINER Com*bin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, combines.

COMBING Comb"ing, n.

1. The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs; as, the combing of one's hair; the combing of wool.

Note: The process of combing is used in straightening wool of long staple; short wool is carded.

2. pl. (a) That which is caught or collected with a comb, as loose, tangled hair. (b) Hair arranged to be worn on the head. The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of their hair is supplied by borders and combings. Jer. Taylor. (c) (Naut.)

Defn: See Coamings. Combing machine (Textile Manuf.), a machine for combing wool, flax, cotton, etc., and separating the longer and more valuable fiber from the shorter. See also Carding machine, under Carding.

COMBLESS Comb"less, a.

Defn: Without a comb or crest; as, a combless ceck.

COMBOLOIO Com`bo*lo"io, n.

Defn: A Mohammedan rosary, consisting of ninety-nine beads. Byron.

COMB-SHAPED Comb"-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pectinate.

COMBUST Com*bust", a. Etym: [L. combustus, p. p. of comburere to burn up; com- + burere (only in comp.), of uncertian origin; cf. bustum fineral pyre, prurire to itch, pruna a live coal, Gr. plush to burn.]

1. Burnt; consumed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: So near the sun as to be obscured or eclipsed by his light, as the moon or planets when not more than eight degrees and a half from the sun. [Obs.] Planets that are oft combust. Milton.

COMBUSTIBILITY Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being combustible.

COMBUSTIBLE Com*bus"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. combustble.]

1. Capable of taking fire and burning; apt to catch fire; inflammable. Sin is to the soul like fire to combustible matter. South.

2. Ea Arnold was a combustible character. W. Irving.

COMBUSTIBLE Com*bus"ti*ble, n.

Defn: A substance that may bee set on fire, or which is liable to take fire and burn. All such combustibles as are cheap enough for common use go under the name of fuel. Ure.

COMBUSTIBLENESS Com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Combustibility.

COMBUSTION Com*bus"tion, n. Etym: [L. combustio: cf. F. combustion.]

1. The state of burning.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The combination of a combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light and heat. Combustion results is common cases from the mutual chemical action and reaction of the combustible and the oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a new compound is formed. Ure. Supporter of combustion (Chem.), a gas as oxygen, the combination of which with a combustible, as coal, constitutes combustion.

3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult. [Obs.] There [were] great combustions and divisions among the heads of the university. Mede. But say from whence this new combustion springs. Dryden.

COMBUSTION CHAMBER Com*bus"tion cham`ber. (Mech.) (a) A space over, or in front of , a boiler furnace where the gases from the fire become more thoroughly mixed and burnt. (b) The clearance space in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine where the charge is compressed and ignited.

COMBUSTIOUS Com*bus"tious, a.

Defn: Inflammable. [Obs.] Shak.

COME Come, v. i. [imp. Came; p. p. Come; p. pr & vb. n. Coming.] Etym: [OE. cumen, comen, AS. cuman; akin to OS.kuman, D. komen, OHG. queman, G. kommen, Icel. koma, Sw. komma, Dan. komme, Goth. giman, L. venire (gvenire), Gr. gam. *23. Cf. Base, n., Convene, Adventure.]

1. To move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker, or some place or person indicated; — opposed to go. Look, who comes yonder Shak. I did not come to curse thee. Tennyson.

2. To complete a movement toward a place; to arrive. When we came to Rome. Acts xxviii. 16. Lately come from Italy. Acts vviii. 2.

3. To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or form a distance. "Thy kingdom come." Matt. vi. 10. The hour is comming, and now is. John. v. 25. So quik bright things come to confusion. Shak.

4. To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause, or of the act of another. From whence come wars James iv. 1. Both riches and honor come of thee! Chron. xxix. 12.

5. To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear. Then butter does refuse to come. Hudibras.

6. To get to be, as the result of change or progress; — with a predicate; as, to come united. How come you thus estranged Shak. How come her eyes so bright Shak.

Note: Am come, is come, etc., are frequently used instead of have come, has come, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb to be gives adjectival significance to the participle as expressing a state or condition of the subject, while the auxiliary have expresses simply the completion of the action signified by the verb. Think not that I am come to destroy. Matt. v. 17. We are come off like Romans. Shak. The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the year. Bryant.