S (continued 12)

SHINGLE Shin"gle, n. Etym: [OE. shingle, shindle, fr. L. scindula, scandula; cf. scindere to cleave, to split, E. shed, v.t., Gr.

1. A piece of wood sawed or rived thin and small, with one end thinner than the other, — used in covering buildings, especially roofs, the thick ends of one row overlapping the thin ends of the row below. I reached St. Asaph, . . . where there is a very poor cathedral church covered with shingles or tiles. Ray.

2. A sign for an office or a shop; as, to hang out one's shingle. [Jocose, U. S.] Shingle oak (Bot.), a kind of oak (Quercus imbricaria) used in the Western States for making shingles.

SHINGLE Shin"gle, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. Shingled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shingling.]

1. To cover with shingles; as, to shingle a roof. They shingle their houses with it. Evelyn.

2. To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly exposed all over the head, as shingles on a roof.

SHINGLE Shin"gle, v. t.

Defn: To subject to the process of shindling, as a mass of iron from the pudding furnace.

SHINGLER Shin"gler, n.

1. One who shingles.

2. A machine for shingling puddled iron.

SHINGLES Shin"gles, n. Etym: [OF. cengle a girth, F. sangle, fr. L. cingulum a girdle, fr. cingere to gird. Cf. Cincture, Cingle, Surcingle.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of herpes (Herpes zoster) which spreads half way around the body like a girdle, and is usually attended with violent neuralgic pain.

SHINGLING Shin"gling, n.

1. The act of covering with shingles; shingles, collectively; a covering made of shingles.

2. (Metal)

Defn: The process of expelling scoriæ and other impurities by hammering and squeezing, in the production of wrought iron. Shingling hammer, a ponderous hammer moved by machinery, used in shingling puddled iron. — Shingling mill, a mill or forge where puddled iron is shingled.

SHINGLY Shin"gly, a.

Defn: Abounding with shingle, or gravel.

SHINHOPPLE Shin"hop`ple, n.

Defn: The hobblebush.

SHINING Shin"ing, a.

1. Emitting light, esp. in a continuous manner; radiant; as, shining lamps; also, bright by the reflection of light; as, shining armor. "Fish . . . with their fins and shining scales." Milton.

2. Splendid; illustrious; brilliant; distinguished; conspicious; as, a shining example of charity.

3. Having the surface smooth and polished; — said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.

Syn. — Glistening; bright; radiant; resplendent; effulgent; lustrous; brilliant; glittering; splendid; illustrious. — Shining, Brilliant, Sparking. Shining describes the steady emission of a strong light, or the steady reflection of light from a clear or polished surface. Brilliant denotes a shining of great brightness, but with gleams or flashes. Sparkling implies a fitful, intense shining from radiant points or sparks, by which the eye is dazzled. The same distinctions obtain when these epithets are figuratively applied. A man of shining talents is made conspicious by possessing them; if they flash upon the mind with a peculiarly striking effect, we call them brilliant; if his brilliancy is marked by great vivacity and occasional intensity, he is sparkling. True paradise . . . inclosed with shining rock. Milton. Some in a brilliant buckle bind her waist, Some round her neck a circling light display. Gay. His sparkling blade about his head he blest. Spenser.

SHINING Shin"ing, n.

Defn: Emission or reflection of light.

SHININGNESS Shin"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Brightness. J. Spence.

SHINNEY Shin"ney, n. Etym: [CF. Shindy.]

Defn: The game of hockey; — so called because of the liability of the players to receive blows on the shin. Halliwell.

SHINPLASTER Shin"plas`ter, n.

Defn: Formerly, a jocose term for a bank note greatly depreciated in value; also, for paper money of a denomination less than a dollar. [U. S.]

SHIN SHU Shin Shu. [Jap., lit., true sect.]

Defn: The leading and most progressive Buddhist sect of Japan, resting its faith rather upon Amida than Gautama Buddha. Rites and ceremonies are held useless without uprightness.

SHINTIYAN; SHINTYAN Shin"ti*yan (shin"ti*yan), Shin"ty*an (shin"ti*an), n. [Ar. shintian.]

Defn: A kind of wide loose drawers or trousers worn by women in Mohammedan countries.

SHINTO; SHINTIISM Shin"to, Shin"ti*ism, n. Etym: [Chin. shin god + tao way, doctrine.]

Defn: One of the two great systems of religious belief in Japan. Its essence is ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead heroes. [Written also Sintu, and Sintuism.]

SHINTOIST Shin"to*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of Shintoism.

SHINTY Shin"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. sinteag a skip, a bound.]

Defn: A Scotch game resembling hockey; also, the club used in the game. Jamieson.

SHINY Shin"y, a. [Compar. Shinier; superl. Shiniest.]

Defn: Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded. Like distant thunder on a shiny day. Dryden.

-SHIP -ship. Etym: [OE. -schipe, AS. -scipe; akin to OFries. -skipe, OLG. - skepi, D. -schap, OHG. -scaf, G. -schaft. Cf. Shape, n., and Landscape.]

Defn: A suffix denoting state, office, dignity, profession, or art; as in lordship, friendship, chancellorship, stewardship, horsemanship.

SHIP Ship, n. Etym: [AS. scipe.]

Defn: Pay; reward. [Obs.] In withholding or abridging of the ship or the hire or the wages of servants. Chaucer.

SHIP Ship, n. Etym: [OE. ship, schip, AS. scip; akin to OFries. skip, OS. scip, D. schip, G. schiff, OHG. scif, Dan. skib, Sw. skeep, Icel. & Goth. skip; of unknown origin. Cf. Equip, Skiff, Skipper.]

1. Any large seagoing vessel. Like a stately ship . . . With all her bravery on, and tackle trim, Sails filled, and streamers waving. Milton. Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! Longfellow.

2. Specifically, a vessel furnished with a bowsprit and three masts (a mainmast, a foremast, and a mizzenmast), each of which is composed of a lower mast, a topmast, and a topgallant mast, and square-rigged on all masts. See Illustation in Appendix. l Port or Larboard Side; s Starboard Side; 1 Roundhouse or Deck House; 2 Tiller; 3 Grating; 4 Wheel; 5 Wheel Chains; 6 Binnacle; 7 Mizzenmast; 8 Skylight; 9 Capstan; 10 Mainmast; 11 Pumps; 12 Galley or Caboose; 13 Main Hatchway; 14 Windlass; 15 Foremast; 16 Fore Hatchway; 17 Bitts; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Head Rail; 20 Boomkins; 21 Catheads on Port Bow and Starboard Bow; 22 Fore Chains; 23 Main Chains; 24 Mizzen Chains; 25 Stern. 1 Fore Royal Stay; 2 Flying Jib Stay; 3 Fore Topgallant Stay;4 Jib Stay; 5 Fore Topmast Stays; 6 Fore Tacks; 8 Flying Martingale; 9 Martingale Stay, shackled to Dolphin Striker; 10 Jib Guys; 11 Jumper Guys; 12 Back Ropes; 13 Robstays; 14 Flying Jib Boom; 15 Flying Jib Footropes; 16 Jib Boom; 17 Jib Foottropes; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Fore Truck; 20 Fore Royal Mast; 21 Fore Royal Lift; 22 Fore Royal Yard; 23 Fore Royal Backstays; 24 Fore Royal Braces; 25 Fore Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 26 Fore Topgallant Lift; 27 Fore Topgallant Yard; 28 Fore Topgallant Backstays; 29 Fore Topgallant Braces; 30 Fore Topmast and Rigging; 31 Fore Topsail Lift; 32 Fore Topsail Yard; 33 Fore Topsail Footropes; 34 Fore Topsail Braces; 35 Fore Yard; 36 Fore Brace; 37 Fore Lift; 38 Fore Gaff; 39 Fore Trysail Vangs; 40 Fore Topmast Studding-sail Boom; 41 Foremast and Rigging; 42 Fore Topmast Backstays; 43 Fore Sheets; 44 Main Truck and Pennant; 45 Main Royal Mast and Backstay; 46 Main Royal Stay; 47 Main Royal Lift; 48 Main Royal Yard; 49 Main Royal Braces; 50 Main Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 51 Main Topgallant Lift; 52 Main Topgallant Backstays; 53 Main Topgallant Yard; 54 Main Topgallant Stay; 55 Main Topgallant Braces; 56 Main Topmast and Rigging; 57 Topsail Lift; 58 Topsail Yard; 59 Topsail Footropes; 60 Topsail Braces; 61 Topmast Stays; 62 Main Topgallant Studding-sail Boom; 63 Main Topmast Backstay; 64 Main Yard; 65 Main Footropes; 66 Mainmast and Rigging; 67 Main Lift; 68 Main Braces; 69 Main Tacks; 70 Main Sheets; 71 Main Trysail Gaff; 72 Main Trysail Vangs; 73 Main Stays; 74 Mizzen Truck; 75 Mizzen Royal Mast and Rigging; 76 Mizzen Royal Stay; 77 Mizzen Royal Lift; 78 Mizzen Royal Yard; 79 Mizzen Royal Braces; 80 Mizzen Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 81 Mizzen Topgallant Lift; 82 Mizzen Topgallant Backstays; 83 Mizzen Topgallant Braces; 84 Mizzen Topgallant Yard; 85 Mizzen Topgallant Stay; 86 Mizzen Topmast and Rigging; 87 Mizzen Topmast Stay; 88 Mizzen Topsail Lift; 89 Mizzen Topmast Backstays; 90 Mizzen Topsail Braces; 91 Mizzen Topsail Yard; 92 Mizzen Topsail Footropes; 93 Crossjack Yard; 94 Crossjack Footropes; 95 Crossjack Lift; 96 Crossjack Braces; 97 Mizzenmast and Rigging; 98 Mizzen Stay; 99 Spanker Gaff; 100 Peak Halyards; 101 Spanker Vangs; 102 Spanker Boom; 103 Spanker Boom Topping Lift; 104 Jacob's Ladder, or Stern Ladder; 105 Spanker Sheet; 106 Cutwater; 107 Starboard Bow; 108 Starboard Beam; 109 Water Line; 110 Starboard Quarter; 111 Rudder.

3. A dish or utensil (originally fashioned like the hull of a ship) used to hold incense. [Obs.] Tyndale. Armed ship, a private ship taken into the service of the government in time of war, and armed and equipped like a ship of war. [Eng.] Brande & C. — General ship. See under General. — Ship biscuit, hard biscuit prepared for use on shipboard; — called also ship bread. See Hardtack. — Ship boy, a boy who serves in a ship. "Seal up the ship boy's eyes." Shak. — Ship breaker, one who breaks up vessels when unfit for further use. — Ship broker, a mercantile agent employed in buying and selling ships, procuring cargoes, etc., and generally in transacting the business of a ship or ships when in port. — Ship canal, a canal suitable for the passage of seagoing vessels. — Ship carpenter, a carpenter who works at shipbuilding; a shipwright. — Ship chandler, one who deals in cordage, canvas, and other, furniture of vessels. — Ship chandlery, the commodities in which a ship chandler deals; also, the business of a ship chandler. — Ship fever (Med.), a form of typhus fever; — called also putrid, jail, or hospital fever. — Ship joiner, a joiner who works upon ships. — Ship letter, a letter conveyed by a ship not a mail packet. — Ship money (Eng. Hist.), an imposition formerly charged on the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties, of England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. The attempt made by Charles I. to revive and enforce this tax was resisted by John Hampden, and was one of the causes which led to the death of Charles. It was finally abolished. — Ship of the line. See under Line. — Ship pendulum, a pendulum hung amidships to show the extent of the rolling and pitching of a vessel. — Ship railway. (a) An inclined railway with a cradelike car, by means of which a ship may be drawn out of water, as for repairs. (b) A railway arranged for the transportation of vessels overland between two water courses or harbors. — Ship's company, the crew of a ship or other vessel. — Ship's days, the days allowed a vessel for loading or unloading. — Ship's husband. See under Husband. — Ship's papers (Mar. Law), papers with which a vessel is required by law to be provided, and the production of which may be required on certain occasions. Among these papers are the register, passport or sea letter, charter party, bills of lading, invoice, log book, muster roll, bill of health, etc. Bouvier. Kent. — To make ship, to embark in a ship or other vessel.

SHIP Ship, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Shipping.]

1. To put on board of a ship, or vessel of any kind, for transportation; to send by water. The timber was . . . shipped in the bay of Attalia, from whence it was by sea transported to Pelusium. Knolles.

2. By extension, in commercial usage, to commit to any conveyance for transportation to a distance; as, to ship freight by railroad.

3. Hence, to send away; to get rid of. [Colloq.]

4. To engage or secure for service on board of a ship; as, to ship seamen.

5. To receive on board ship; as, to ship a sea.

6. To put in its place; as, to ship the tiller or rudder.

SHIP Ship, v. i.

1. To engage to serve on board of a vessel; as, to ship on a man-of- war.

2. To embark on a ship. Wyclif (Acts xxviii. 11)

SHIPBOARD Ship"board`, n. Etym: [Ship + board. See Board, n., 8]

Defn: A ship's side; hence, by extension, a ship; — found chiefly in adverbial phrases; as, on shipboard; a shipboard.

SHIPBUILDER Ship"build`er, n.

Defn: A person whose occupation is to construct ships and other vessels; a naval architect; a shipwright.

SHIPBUILDING Ship"build`ing, n.

Defn: Naval architecturel the art of constructing ships and other vessels.

SHIPFUL Ship"ful, n.; pl. Shipfuls (.

Defn: As much or as many as a ship will hold; enough to fill a ship.

SHIPHOLDER Ship"hold`er, n.

Defn: A shipowner.

SHIPLESS Ship"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of ships. Gray.

SHIPLET Ship"let, n.

Defn: A little ship. [R.] Holinshed.

SHIPLOAD Ship"load`, n.

Defn: The load, or cargo, of a ship.

SHIPMAN Ship"man, n.; pl. Shipmen (.

Defn: A seaman, or sailor. [Obs. or Poetic] Chaucer. R. Browning. About midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country. Acts xxvii. 27. Shipman's card, the mariner's compass. [Obs.] Shak.

SHIPMASTER Ship"mas`ter, n.

Defn: The captain, master, or commander of a ship. Jonah i. 6.

SHIPMATE Ship"mate`, n.

Defn: One who serves on board of the same ship with another; a fellow sailor.

SHIPMENT Ship"ment, n.

1. The act or process of shipping; as, he was engaged in the shipment of coal for London; an active shipment of wheat from the West.

2. That which is shipped. The question is, whether the share of M. in the shipment is exempted from condemnation by reason of his neutral domicle. Story.

SHIPOWNER Ship"own`er, n.

Defn: Owner of a ship or ships.

SHIPPEN Ship"pen, n. Etym: [AS. scypen. Cf. Shop, Shepen.]

Defn: A stable; a cowhouse. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHIPPER Ship"per, n. Etym: [See Ship, n., and cf. Skipper.]

Defn: One who sends goods from one place to another not in the same city or town, esp. one who sends goods by water.

SHIPPING Ship"ping, a.

1. Relating to ships, their ownership, transfer, or employment; as, shiping concerns.

2. Relating to, or concerned in, the forwarding of goods; as, a shipping clerk.

SHIPPING Ship"ping, n.

1. The act of one who, or of that which, ships; as, the shipping of flour to Liverpool.

2. The collective body of ships in one place, or belonging to one port, country, etc.; vessels, generally; tonnage.

3. Navigation. "God send 'em good shipping." Shak. Shipping articles, articles of agreement between the captain of a vessel and the seamen on board, in respect to the amount of wages, length of time for which they are shipping, etc. Bouvier. — To take shipping, to embark; to take ship. [Obs.] John vi.24. Shak.

SHIPPING NOTE Ship"ping note. (Com.)

Defn: A document used in shipping goods by sea. In the case of free goods the shipping notes are the receiving note, addressed by the shipper to the chief officer of the vessel, requesting him to receive on board specified goods, and a receipt for the mate to sign, on receiving whose signature it is called the mate's receipt, and is surrendered by the shipper for the bills of lading.

SHIPPO Ship*po", n. [Jap. shippo seven precious things; Chin. ts'ih seven + pao gem.] (Japanese Art)

Defn: Cloisonné enamel on a background of metal or porcelain.

SHIPPON Ship"pon, n.

Defn: A cowhouse; a shippen. [Prov. Eng.] Bessy would either do fieldwork, or attend to the cows, the shippon, or churn, or make cheese. Dickens.

SHIP RAILWAY Ship railway. (a) An inclined railway running into the water with a cradelike car on which a vessel may be drawn out on land, as for repairs. (b) A railway on which to transport vessels overland between bodies of water.

SHIP-RIGGED Ship"-rigged`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Rigged like a ship, that is, having three masts, each with square sails.

SHIPSHAPE Ship"shape`, a.

Defn: Arranged in a manner befitting a ship; hence, trim; tidy; orderly. Even then she expressed her scorn for the lubbery executioner's mode of tying a knot, and did it herself in a shipshape orthodox manner. De Quincey. Keep everything shipshape, for I must go Tennyson.

SHIPSHAPE Ship"shape`, adv.

Defn: In a shipshape or seamanlike manner.

SHIPWORM Ship"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve mollusk of Teredo and allied genera. The shipworms burrow in wood, and are destructive to wooden ships, piles of wharves, etc. See Teredo.

SHIPWRECK Ship"wreck`, n.

1. The breaking in pieces, or shattering, of a ship or other vessel by being cast ashore or driven against rocks, shoals, etc., by the violence of the winds and waves.

2. A ship wrecked or destroyed upon the water, or the parts of such a ship; wreckage. Dryden.

3. Fig.: Destruction; ruin; irretrievable loss. Holding faith and a good conscience, which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck. 1 Tim. 1. 19. It was upon an Indian bill that the late ministry had made shipwreck. J. Morley.

SHIPWRECK Ship"wreck`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shipwrecked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shipwrecking.]

1. To destroy, as a ship at sea, by running ashore or on rocks or sandbanks, or by the force of wind and waves in a tempest. Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break. Shak.

2. To cause to experience shipwreck, as sailors or passengers. Hence, to cause to suffer some disaster or loss; to destroy or ruin, as if by shipwreck; to wreck; as, to shipwreck a business. Addison.

SHIPWRIGHT Ship"wright`, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other vessels.

SHIPYARD Ship"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard, place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.

SHIRAZ Shi*raz", n.

Defn: A kind of Persian wine; — so called from the place whence it is brought.

SHIRE Shire, n. Etym: [AS. scire, scir, a division, province, county. Cf. Sheriff.]

1. A portion of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an earl; a territorial division, usually identical with a county, but sometimes limited to a smaller district; as, Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Richmondshire, Hallamshire. An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or shire. Blackstone.

2. A division of a State, embracing several contiguous townships; a county. [U. S.]

Note: Shire is commonly added to the specific designation of a county as a part of its name; as, Yorkshire instead of York shire, or the shire of York; Berkshire instead of Berks shire. Such expressions as the county of Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological, are used in England. In the United States the composite word is sometimes the only name of a county; as, Berkshire county, as it is called in Massachusetts, instead of Berks county, as in Pensylvania. The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate the counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, etc. Encyc. Brit. Knight of the shire. See under Knight. — Shire clerk, an officer of a county court; also, an under sheriff. [Eng.] — Shire mote (Old. Eng. Law), the county court; sheriff's turn, or court. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. — Shire reeve (Old Eng. Law), the reeve, or bailiff, of a shire; a sheriff. Burrill. — Shire town, the capital town of a county; a county town. — Shire wick, a county; a shire. [Obs.] Holland.

SHIRE HORSE Shire horse.

Defn: One of an English breed of heavy draft horses believed to be descended largely from the horses used in war in the days of heavy armor. They are the largest of the British draft breeds, and have long hair on the back of the cannons and fetlocks. Brown or bay with white on the face and legs is now the commonest color.

SHIRK Shirk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shirked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shirking.] Etym: [Probably the same word as shark. See Shark, v. t.]

1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation. You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . . that shirk living from others, but time from Yourselves. Bp. Rainbow.

2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; — implying unfaithfulness or fraud; as, to shirk duty. The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties. Hare.

SHIRK Shirk, v. i.

1. To live by shifts and fraud; to shark.

2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away. One of the cities shirked from the league. Byron.

SHIRK Shirk, n.

Defn: One who lives by shifts and tricks; one who avoids the performance of duty or labor.

SHIRKER Shirk"er, n.

Defn: One who shirks. Macaulay.

SHIRKY Shirk"y, a.

Defn: Disposed to shirk. [Colloq.]

SHIRL Shirl, a.

Defn: Shrill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SHIRL Shirl, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Schorl.

SHIRLEY Shir"ley, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bullfinch.

SHIRR Shirr, n. (Sewing)

Defn: A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as to make the material between them set full by gatherings; — called also shirring, and gauging.

SHIRRED Shirred, a.

1. (Sewing)

Defn: Made or gathered into a shirr; as, a shirred bonnet.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Broken into an earthen dish and baked over the fire; — said of eggs.

SHIRT Shirt, n. Etym: [OE. schirte, sherte, schurte; akin to Icel. skyrta, Dan. skiorte, Sw. skjorta, Dan. skiört a petticoat, D. schort a petticoat, an argon, G. schurz, schürze, an argon; all probably from the root of E. short, as being originally a short garment. See Short, and cf. Skirt.]

Defn: A loose under-garment for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, or other material; — formerly used of the under- garment of either sex, now commonly restricted to that worn by men and boys. Several persons in December had nothing over their shoulders but their shirts. Addison. She had her shirts and girdles of hair. Bp. Fisher.

SHIRT Shirt, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Shirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shirting.]

Defn: To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as with a shirt. Dryden.

SHIRTING Shirt"ing, n.

Defn: Cloth, specifically cotton cloth, suitable for making shirts.

SHIRTLESS Shirt"less, a.

Defn: Not having or wearing a shirt. Pope. — Shirt"less*ness, n.

SHIRT WAIST Shirt waist.

Defn: A belted waist resembling a shirt in plainness of cut and style, worn by women or children; — in England called a blouse.

SHIRT-WAIST SUIT Shirt-waist suit.

Defn: A costume consisting of a plain belted waist and skirt of the same material.

SHIST; SHISTOSE Shist, Shis*tose".

Defn: See Shist, Schistose.

SHITTAH; SHITTAH TREE Shit"tah, Shit"tah tree`, n. Etym: [Heb. shittah, pl. shittim.]

Defn: A tree that furnished the precious wood of which the ark, tables, altars, boards, etc., of the Jewish tabernacle were made; — now believed to have been the wood of the Acacia Seyal, which is hard, fine grained, and yellowish brown in color.

SHITTIM; SHITTIM WOOD Shit"tim, Shit"tim wood`, n.

Defn: The wood of the shittah tree.

SHITTLE Shit"tle, n. Etym: [See Shuttle.]

Defn: A shuttle. [Obs.] Chapman.

SHITTLE Shit"tle, a.

Defn: Wavering; unsettled; inconstant. [Obs.] Holland.

SHITTLECOCK Shit"tle*cock`, n.

Defn: A shuttlecock. [Obs.]

SHITTLENESS Shit"tle*ness, n.

Defn: Instability; inconstancy. [Obs.] The vain shittlenesse of an unconstant head. Baret.

SHIVE Shive, n. Etym: [See Sheave, n.]

1. A slice; as, a shive of bread. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Shak.

2. A thin piece or fragment; specifically, one of the scales or pieces of the woody part of flax removed by the operation of breaking.

3. A thin, flat cork used for stopping a wide-mouthed bottle; also, a thin wooden bung for casks.

SHIVER Shiv"er, n. Etym: [OE. schivere, fr. shive; cf. G. schifer a splinter, slate, OHG. scivere a splinter, Dan. & Sw. skifer a slate. See Shive, and cf. Skever.]

1. One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a brittle thing is broken by sudden violence; — generally used in the plural. "All to shivers dashed." Milton.

2. A thin slice; a shive. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "A shiver of their own loaf." Fuller. Of your soft bread, not but a shiver. Chaucer.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A variety of blue slate.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A sheave or small wheel in a pulley.

5. A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window shutter.

6. A spindle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHIVER Shiv"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shivered; p. pr. & vb. n. Shivering.] Etym: [OE. schiveren, scheveren; cf. OD. scheveren. See Shiver a fragment.]

Defn: To break into many small pieces, or splinters; to shatter; to dash to pieces by a blow; as, to shiver a glass goblet. All the ground With shivered armor strown. Milton.

SHIVER Shiv"er, v. i.

Defn: To separate suddenly into many small pieces or parts; to be shattered. There shiver shafts upon shields thick. Chaucer The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . . would instantly shiver into millions of atoms. Woodward.

SHIVER Shiv"er, v. i. Etym: [OE. chiveren, cheveren; of uncertain origin. This word seems to have been confused with shiver to shatter.]

Defn: To tremble; to vibrate; to quiver; to shake, as from cold or fear. Prometheus is laid On icy Caucasus to shiver. Swift. The man that shivered on the brink of sin, Thus steeled and hardened, ventures boldly in. Creech.

SHIVER Shiv"er, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind.

SHIVER Shiv"er, n.

Defn: The act of shivering or trembling.

SHIVERINGLY Shiv"er*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shivering manner.

SHIVER-SPAR Shiv"er-spar`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schiefer-spath.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of calcite, so called from its slaty structure; — called also slate spar.

SHIVERY Shiv"er*y, a.

1. Tremulous; shivering. Mallet.

2. Easily broken; brittle; shattery.

SHIZOKU Shi*zo"ku, n. sing. & pl. [Jap. shi-zoku, fr. Chin. ch' (chi) branch, posterity + tsu kindered, class.]

Defn: The Japanese warrior gentry or middle class, formerly called samurai; also, any member of this class.

SHOAD Shoad, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schutt rubbish.] (Mining)

Defn: A train of vein material mixed with rubbish; fragments of ore which have become separated by the action of water or the weather, and serve to direct in the discovery of mines. [Written also shode.]

SHOADING Shoad"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: The tracing of veins of metal by shoads. [Written also shoding.] Pryce.

SHOAL Shoal, n. Etym: [AS. scolu, sceolu, a company, multitude, crowd, akin to OS. skola; probably originally, a division, and akin to Icel. skilja to part, divide. See Skill, and cf. School. of fishes.]

Defn: A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; — said especially of fish; as, a shoal of bass. "Great shoals of people." Bacon. Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides. Waller.

SHOAL Shoal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shoaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoaling.]

Defn: To assemble in a multitude; to throng; as, the fishes shoaled about the place. Chapman.

SHOAL Shoal, a. Etym: [Cf. Shallow; or cf. G. scholle a clod, glebe, OHG. scollo, scolla, prob. akin to E. shoal a multitude.]

Defn: Having little depth; shallow; as, shoal water.

SHOAL Shoal, n.

1. A place where the water of a sea, lake, river, pond, etc., is shallow; a shallow. The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on the sides some shoals for the fish to lay their span. Mortimer. Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, And sounded all the depths and shoals of honor. Shak.

2. A sandbank or bar which makes the water shoal. The god himself with ready trident stands, And opes the deep, and spreads the moving sands, Then heaves them off the shoals. Dryden.

SHOAL Shoal, v. i.

Defn: To become shallow; as, the color of the water shows where it shoals.

SHOAL Shoal, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become more shallow; to come to a more shallow part of; as, a ship shoals her water by advancing into that which is less deep. Marryat.

SHOALINESS Shoal"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shoaly; little depth of water; shallowness.

SHOALING Shoal"ing, a.

Defn: Becoming shallow gradually. "A shoaling estuary." Lyell.

SHOALY Shoal"y, a.

Defn: Full of shoals, or shallow places. The tossing vessel sailed on shoaly ground. Dryden.

SHOAR Shoar (shor), n.

Defn: A prop. See 3d Shore.

SHOAT Shoat (shot), n.

Defn: A young hog. Same as Shote.

SHOCK Shock, n. Etym: [OE. schokke; cf. OD schocke, G. schock a heap, quantity, threescore, MHG. schoc, Sw. skok, and also G. hocke a heap of hay, Lith. kugis.]

1. A pile or assemblage of sheaves of grain, as wheat, rye, or the like, set up in a field, the sheaves varying in number from twelve to sixteen; a stook. And cause it on shocks to be by and by set. Tusser. Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks. Thomson.

2. Etym: [G. schock.] (Com.)

Defn: A lot consisting of sixty pieces; — a term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.

SHOCK Shock, v. t.

Defn: To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook; as, to shock rye.

SHOCK Shock, v. i.

Defn: To be occupied with making shocks. Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn, Bind fast, shock apace. Tusser.

SHOCK Shock, n. Etym: [Cf. D. schok a bounce, jolt, or leap, OHG. scoc a swing, MHG. schoc, Icel. skykkjun tremuously, F. choc a shock, collision, a dashing or striking against, Sp. choque, It. ciocco a log. sq. root161. Cf. Shock to shake.]

1. A quivering or shaking which is the effect of a blow, collision, or violent impulse; a blow, impact, or collision; a concussion; a sudden violent impulse or onset. These strong, unshaken mounds resist the shocks Of tides and seas tempestuous. Blackmore. He stood the shock of a whole host of foes. Addison.

2. A sudden agitation of the mind or feelings; a sensation of pleasure or pain caused by something unexpected or overpowering; also, a sudden agitating or overpowering event. "A shock of pleasure." Talfourd.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A sudden depression of the vital forces of the entire body, or of a port of it, marking some profound impression produced upon the nervous system, as by severe injury, overpowering emotion, or the like.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: The sudden convulsion or contraction of the muscles, with the feeling of a concussion, caused by the discharge, through the animal system, of electricity from a charged body.

Syn. — Concussion, Shock. Both words signify a sudden violent shaking caused by impact or colision; but concussion is restricted in use to matter, while shock is used also of mental states.

SHOCK Shock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shocking.] Etym: [OE. schokken; cf. D. schokken, F. choquer, Sp. chocar. sq. root161. Cf. Chuck to strike, Jog, Shake, Shock a striking, Shog, n. & v.]

1. To give a shock to; to cause to shake or waver; hence, to strike against suddenly; to encounter with violence. Come the three corners of the world in arms, And we shall shock them. Shak. A shall never forget the force with which he shocked De Vipont. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strike with surprise, terror, horror, or disgust; to cause to recoil; as, his violence shocked his associates. Advise him not to shock a father's will. Dryden.

SHOCK Shock, v. i.

Defn: To meet with a shock; to meet in violent encounter. "They saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock together." De Quincey.

SHOCK Shock, n. Etym: [Cf. Shag.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog with long hair or shag; — called also shockdog.

2. A thick mass of bushy hair; as, a head covered with a shock of sandy hair.

SHOCK Shock, a.

Defn: Bushy; shaggy; as, a shock hair. His red shock peruke . . . was laid aside. Sir W. Scott.

SHOCKDOG Shock"dog`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 7th Shock, 1.

SHOCK-HEAD Shock"-head`, a.

Defn: Shock-headed. Tennyson.

SHOCK-HEADED Shock"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a thick and bushy head of hair.

SHOCKING Shock"ing, a.

Defn: Causing to shake or tremble, as by a blow; especially, causing to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting. The grossest and most shocking villainies. Secker. — Shock"ing*ly, adv. — Shock"ing*ness, n.

SHOD Shod, imp. & p. p.

Defn: f Shoe.

SHODDY Shod"dy, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Shed, v. t.; as meaning originally, waste stuff shedor thrown off.]

1. A fibrous material obtained by "deviling," or tearing into fibers, refuse woolen goods, old stockings, rags, druggets, etc. See Mungo.

2. A fabric of inferior quality made of, or containing a large amount of, shoddy.

Note: The great quantity of shoddy goods furnished as army supplies in the late Civil War in the United States gave wide currency to the word, and it came to be applied to persons who pretend to a higher position in society than that to which their breeding or worth entitles them.

SHODDY Shod"dy, a.

Defn: Made wholly or in part of shoddy; containing shoddy; as, shoddy cloth; shoddy blankets; hence, colloquially, not genuine; sham; pretentious; as, shoddy aristocracy. Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious pride. Compton Reade.

SHODDY FEVER Shoddy fever. (Med.)

Defn: A febrile disease characterized by dyspnoa and bronchitis caused by inhaling dust.

SHODDYISM Shod"dy*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shoddy. [Colloq.] See the Note under Shoddy, n.

SHODE Shode, n. Etym: [AS. scade, fr. sceádan. See Shed, v. t.]

1. The parting of the hair on the head. [Obs.] Full straight and even lay his jolly shode. Chaucer.

2. The top of the head; the head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHODE; SHODING Shode, Shod"ing.

Defn: See Shoad, Shoading.

SHODER Sho"der, n.

Defn: A package of gold beater's skins in which gold is subjected to the second process of beating.

SHOE Shoe, n.; pl. Shoes, formerly Shoon, now provincial. Etym: [OE. sho, scho, AS. sc, sceóh; akin to OFries. sk, OS. sk, D. schoe, schoen, G. schuh, OHG. scuoh, Icel. sk, Dan. & Sw. sko, Goth. sk; of unknown origin.]

1. A covering for the human foot, usually made of leather, having a thick and somewhat stiff sole and a lighter top. It differs from a boot on not extending so far up the leg. Your hose should be ungartered, . . . yourshoe untied. Shak. Spare none but such as go in clouted shoon. Shak.

2. Anything resembling a shoe in form, position, or use. Specifically: (a) A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal to defend it from injury. (b) A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood, fastened to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle which slides on the snow. (c) A drag, or sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under the wheel of a loaded vehicle, to retard its motion in going down a hill. (d) The part of a railroad car brake which presses upon the wheel to retard its motion. (e) (Arch.) A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member, put at the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves gutter, so as to throw the water off from the building. (f) (Milling.) The trough or spout for conveying the grain from the hopper to the eye of the millstone. (g) An inclined trough in an ore-crushing mill. (h) An iron socket or plate to take the thrust of a strut or rafter. (i) An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile. (j) (Mach.) A plate, or notched piece, interposed between a moving part and the stationary part on which it bears, to take the wear and afford means of adjustment; — called also slipper, and gib.

Note: Shoe is often used adjectively, or in composition; as, shoe buckle, or shoe-buckle; shoe latchet, or shoe-latchet; shoe leathet, or shoe-leather; shoe string, shoe-string, or shoestring. Shoe of an anchor. (Naut.) (a) A small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole to receive the point of the anchor fluke, — used to prevent the anchor from tearing the planks of the vessel when raised or lowered. (b) A broad, triangular piece of plank placed upon the fluke to give it a better hold in soft ground. — Shoe block (Naut.), a block with two sheaves, one above the other, and at right angles to each other. — Shoe bolt, a bolt with a flaring head, for fastening shoes on sleigh runners. — Shoe pac, a kind of moccasin. See Pac. — Shoe stone, a sharpening stone used by shoemakers and other workers in leather.

SHOE Shoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shod; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoeing.] Etym: [AS. sc, sce. See Shoe, n.]

1. To furnish with a shoe or shoes; to put a shoe or shoes on; as, to shoe a horse, a sled, an anchor.

2. To protect or ornament with something which serves the purpose of a shoe; to tip. The sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which is shod with brass or silver. Evelyn.

SHOEBILL Shoe"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African wading bird (Balæniceps rex) allied to the storks and herons, and remarkable for its enormous broad swollen bill. It inhabits the valley of the White Nile. See Illust. (l.) of Beak.

SHOEBLACK Shoe"black`, n.

Defn: One who polishes shoes.

SHOEFLY Shoe"fly`, n.

1. (Railroading) A contrivance for throwing the track temporarily to one side for convenience in filling washouts or effecting other repairs. [Cant, U. S.]

2. (Print.) In some cylinder presses, a device with long fingers for freeing the sheet from the cylinder.

SHOEHORN; SHOEING-HORN Shoe"horn`, Shoe"ing-horn`, n.

1. A curved piece of polished horn, wood, or metal used to facilitate the entrance of the foot into a shoe.

2. Figuratively: (a) Anything by which a transaction is facilitated; a medium; — by way of contempt. Spectator. (b) Anything which draws on or allures; an inducement. [Low] Beau & Fl.

SHOELESS Shoe"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of shoes. Addison.

SHOEMAKER Shoe"mak`er, n.

1. One whose occupation it is to make shoes and boots.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The threadfish. (b) The runner, 12.

SHOEMAKING Shoe"mak`ing, n.

Defn: The business of a shoemaker.

SHOER Sho"er, n.

Defn: One who fits shoes to the feet; one who furnishes or puts on shoes; as, a shoer of horses.

SHOG Shog, n. Etym: [See Shock a striking.]

Defn: A shock; a jog; a violent concussion or impulse. [R. or Scot.]

SHOG Shog, v. t.

Defn: To shake; to shock. [R. or Scot.]

SHOG Shog, v. i. Etym: [Cf. W. ysgogi to wag, to stir. Cf. Jog.]

Defn: To jog; to move on. [R. or Scot.] Beau & Fl.

SHOGGLE Shog"gle, v. t. Etym: [See Shog, Joggle.]

Defn: To joggle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Pegge.

SHOGUN Sho"gun, n. Etym: [Chin. tsiang kiÜn commander in chief.]

Defn: A title originally conferred by the Mikado on the military governor of the eastern provinces of Japan. By gradual usurpation of power the Shoguns (known to foreigners as Tycoons) became finally the virtual rulers of Japan. The title was abolished in 1867. [Written variously, Shiogun, Shiogoon, etc.]

SHOGUNATE Sho*gun"ate, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a Shogun. [Written also Siogoonate.]

SHOLA Sho"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sola.

SHOLE Shole, n.

Defn: A plank fixed beneath an object, as beneath the rudder of a vessel, to protect it from injury; a plank on the ground under the end of a shore or the like.

SHOLE Shole, n.

Defn: See Shoal. [Obs.]

SHONDE Shonde, n. Etym: [AS. sceond. Cf. Shend.]

Defn: Harm; disgrace; shame. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHONE Shone,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Shine.

SHOO Shoo, interj. Etym: [Cf. G. scheuchen to scare, drive away.]

Defn: Begone; away; — an expression used in frightening away animals, especially fowls.

SHOOI Sho"oi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus);- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

SHOOK Shook,

Defn: imp. & obs. or poet. p. p. of Shake.

SHOOK Shook, n. Etym: [Cf. Shock a bundle of sheaves.] (Com.) (a) A set of staves and headings sufficient in number for one hogshead, cask, barrel, or the like, trimmed, and bound together in compact form. (b) A set of boards for a sugar box. (c) The parts of a piece of house furniture, as a bedstead, packed together.

SHOOK Shook, v. t.

Defn: To pack, as staves, in a shook.

SHOON Shoon, n.,

Defn: pl. of Shoe. [Archaic] Chaucer. They shook the snow from hats and shoon. Emerson.

SHOOP Shoop, obs.

Defn: imp. of Shape. Shaped. Chaucer.

SHOOT Shoot, n. Etym: [F. chute. See Chute. Confused with shoot to let fly.]

Defn: An inclined plane, either artificial or natural, down which timber, coal, etc., are caused to slide; also, a narrow passage, either natural or artificial, in a stream, where the water rushes rapidly; esp., a channel, having a swift current, connecting the ends of a bend in the stream, so as to shorten the course. [Written also chute, and shute.] [U. S.] To take a shoot, to pass through a shoot instead of the main channel; to take the most direct course. [U.S.]

SHOOT Shoot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shot; p. pr. & vb. n. Shooting. The old participle Shotten is obsolete. See Shotten.] Etym: [OE. shotien, schotien, AS. scotian, v. i., sceótan; akin to D. schieten, G. schie, OHG. sciozan, Icel. skj, Sw. skjuta, Dan. skyde; cf. Skr. skund to jump. sq. root159. Cf. Scot a contribution, Scout to reject, Scud, Scuttle, v. i., Shot, Sheet, Shut, Shuttle, Skittish, Skittles.]

1. To let fly, or cause to be driven, with force, as an arrow or a bullet; — followed by a word denoting the missile, as an object. If you please To shoot an arrow that self way. Shak.

2. To discharge, causing a missile to be driven forth; — followed by a word denoting the weapon or instrument, as an object; — often with off; as, to shoot a gun. The two ends od a bow, shot off, fly from one another. Boyle.

3. To strike with anything shot; to hit with a missile; often, to kill or wound with a firearm; — followed by a word denoting the person or thing hit, as an object. When Roger shot the hawk hovering over his master's dove house. A. Tucker.

4. To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or sudden motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to emit. An honest weaver as ever shot shuttle. Beau & Fl. A pit into which the dead carts had nightly shot corpses by scores. Macaulay.

5. To push or thrust forward; to project; to protrude; — often with out; as, a plant shoots out a bud. They shoot out the lip, they shake the head. Ps. xxii. 7. Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting. Dryden.

6. (Carp.)

Defn: To plane straight; to fit by planing. Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or else pared with a paring chisel. Moxon.

7. To pass rapidly through, over, or under; as, to shoot a rapid or a bridge; to shoot a sand bar. She . . . shoots the Stygian sound. Dryden.

8. To variegate as if by sprinkling or intermingling; to color in spots or patches. The tangled water courses slept, Shot over with purple, and green, and yellow. Tennyson. To be shot of, to be discharged, cleared, or rid of. [Colloq.] "Are you not glad to be shot of him" Sir W. Scott.

SHOOT Shoot, v. i.

1. To cause an engine or weapon to discharge a missile; — said of a person or an agent; as, they shot at a target; he shoots better than he rides. The archers have . . . shot at him. Gen. xlix. 23.

2. To discharge a missile; — said of an engine or instrument; as, the gun shoots well.

3. To be shot or propelled forcibly; — said of a missile; to be emitted or driven; to move or extend swiftly, as if propelled; as, a shooting star. There shot a streaming lamp along the sky. Dryden.

4. To penetrate, as a missile; to dart with a piercing sensation; as, shooting pains. Thy words shoot through my heart. Addison.

5. To feel a quick, darting pain; to throb in pain. These preachers make His head to shoot and ache. Herbert.

6. To germinate; to bud; to sprout. Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth. Bacon. But the wild olive shoots, and shades the ungrateful plain. Dryden.

7. To grow; to advance; as, to shoot up rapidly. Well shot in years he seemed. Spenser. Delightful task! to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea how to shoot. Thomson.

8. To change form suddenly; especially, to solidify. If the menstruum be overcharged, metals will shoot into crystals. Bacon.

9. To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend; as, the land shoots into a promontory. There shot up against the dark sky, tall, gaunt, straggling houses. Dickens.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: To move ahead by force of momentum, as a sailing vessel when the helm is put hard alee. To shoot ahead, to pass or move quickly forward; to outstrip others.

SHOOT Shoot, n.

1. The act of shooting; the discharge of a missile; a shot; as, the shoot of a shuttle. The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot. Bacon. One underneath his horse to get a shoot doth stalk. Drayton.

2. A young branch or growth. Superfluous branches and shoots of this second spring. Evelyn.

3. A rush of water; a rapid.

4. (Min.)

Defn: A vein of ore running in the same general direction as the lode. Knight.

5. (Weaving)

Defn: A weft thread shot through the shed by the shuttle; a pick.

6. Etym: [Perh. a different word.]

Defn: A shoat; a young hog.

SHOOTER Shoot"er, n.

1. One who shoots, as an archer or a gunner.

2. That which shoots. Specifically: (a) A firearm; as, a five-shooter. [Colloq. U.S.] (b) A shooting star. [R.]

SHOOTING Shoot"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, shoots; as, the shooting of an archery club; the shooting of rays of light.

2. A wounding or killing with a firearm; specifically (Sporting), the killing of game; as, a week of shooting.

3. A sensation of darting pain; as, a shooting in one's head.

SHOOTING Shoot"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to shooting; for shooting; darting. Shooting board (Joinery), a fixture used in planing or shooting the edge of a board, by means of which the plane is guided and the board held true. — Shooting box, a small house in the country for use in the shooting season. Prof. Wilson. — Shooting gallery, a range, usually covered, with targets for practice with firearms. — Shooting iron, a firearm. [Slang, U.S.] — Shooting star. (a) (Astron.) A starlike, luminous meteor, that, appearing suddenly, darts quickly across some portion of the sky, and then as suddenly disappears, leaving sometimes, for a few seconds, a luminous train, - - called also falling star. Shooting stars are small cosmical bodies which encounter the earth in its annual revolution, and which become visible by coming with planetary velocity into the upper regions of the atmosphere. At certain periods, as on the 13th of November and 10th of August, they appear for a few hours in great numbers, apparently diverging from some point in the heavens, such displays being known as meteoric showers, or star showers. These bodies, before encountering the earth, were moving in orbits closely allied to the orbits of comets. See Leonids, Perseids. (b) (Bot.) The American cowslip (Dodecatheon Meadia). See under Cowslip. — Shooting stick (Print.), a tapering piece of wood or iron, used by printers to drive up the quoins in the chase. Hansard.

SHOOTY Shoot"y, a.

Defn: Sprouting or coming up freely and regularly. [Prev. Eng.] Grose.

SHOP Shop, obs.

Defn: imp. of Shape. Shaped. Chaucer.

SHOP Shop, n. Etym: [OE. shoppe, schoppe, AS. sceoppa a treasury, a storehouse, stall, booth; akin to scypen a shed, LG. schup a shed, G. schoppen, schuppen, a shed, a coachhouse, OHG. scopf.]

1. A building or an apartment in which goods, wares, drugs, etc., are sold by retail. From shop to shop Wandering, and littering with unfolded silks The polished counter. Cowper.

2. A building in which mechanics or artisans work; as, a shoe shop; a car shop. A tailor called me in his shop. Shak.

Note: Shop is often used adjectively or in composition; as, shop rent, or shop-rent; shop thief, or shop-thief; shop window, or shop- window, etc. To smell of the shop, to indicate too distinctively one's occupation or profession. — To talk shop, to make one's business the topic of social conversation; also, to use the phrases peculiar to one's employment. [Colloq.]

Syn. — Store; warehouse. See Store.

SHOP Shop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Shopping.]

Defn: To visit shops for the purpose of purchasing goods. He was engaged with his mother and some ladies to go shopping. Byron.

SHOPBOARD Shop"board`, n.

Defn: A bench or board on which work is performed; a workbench. South.

SHOPBOOK Shop"book`, n.

Defn: A book in which a tradesman keeps his accounts. Locke.

SHOPBOY Shop"boy`, n.

Defn: A boy employed in a shop.

SHOPEN Sho"pen, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shape. Chaucer.

SHOPGIRL Shop"girl`, n.

Defn: A girl employed in a shop.

SHOPKEEPER Shop"keep`er, n.

Defn: A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail; — in distinction from one who sells by wholesale. Addison.

SHOPLIFTER Shop"lift`er, n. Etym: [Shop + lift. See Lift to steal.]

Defn: One who steals anything in a shop, or takes goods privately from a shop; one who, under pretense of buying goods, takes occasion to steal.

SHOPLIFTING Shop"lift`ing, n.

Defn: Larceny committed in a shop; the stealing of anything from a shop.

SHOPLIKE Shop"like`, a.

Defn: Suiting a shop; vulgar. B. Jonson.

SHOPMAID Shop"maid`, n.

Defn: A shopgirl.

SHOPMAN Shop"man, n.; pl. Shopmen (.

1. A shopkeeper; a retailer. Dryden.

2. One who serves in a shop; a salesman.

3. One who works in a shop or a factory.

SHOPPER Shop"per, n.

Defn: One who shops.

SHOPPISH Shop"pish, a.

Defn: Having the appearance or qualities of a shopkeeper, or shopman.

SHOPPY Shop"py, a.

1. Abounding with shops. [Colloq.]

2. Of or pertaining to shops, or one's own shop or business; as, shoppy talk. [Colloq.] Mrs. Gaskell.

SHOPSHIFT Shop"shift`, n.

Defn: The trick of a shopkeeper; deception. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SHOPWALKER Shop"walk`er, n.

Defn: One who walks about in a shop as an overseer and director. Cf. Floorwalker.

SHOPWOMAN Shop"wom`an, n.; pl. Shopwomen (.

Defn: A woman employed in a shop.

SHOPWORN Shop"worn`, a.

Defn: Somewhat worn or damaged by having been kept for a time in a shop.

SHORAGE Shor"age, n.

Defn: Duty paid for goods brought on shore. Grabb.

SHORE Shore,

Defn: imp. of Shear. Chaucer.

SHORE Shore, n.

Defn: A sewer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHORE Shore, n. Etym: [OE. schore; akin to LG. schore, D. schoor, OD. schoore, Icel. skor, and perhaps to E. shear, as being a piece cut off.]

Defn: A prop, as a timber, placed as a brace or support against the side of a building or other structure; a prop placed beneath anything, as a beam, to prevent it from sinking or sagging. [Written also shoar.]

SHORE Shore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shored; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoring.] Etym: [OE. schoren. See Shore a prop.]

Defn: To support by a shore or shores; to prop; — usually with up; as, to shore up a building.

SHORE Shore, n. Etym: [OE. schore, AS. score, probably fr. scieran, and so meaning properly, that which is shorn off, edge; akin to OD. schoore, schoor. See Shear, v. t.]

Defn: The coast or land adjacent to a large body of water, as an ocean, lake, or large river. Michael Cassio, Lieutenant to the warlike Moor Othello, Is come shore. Shak. The fruitful shore of muddy Nile. Spenser. In shore, near the shore. Marryat. — On shore. See under On. — Shore birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for the various limicoline birds found on the seashore. — Shore crab (Zoöl.), any crab found on the beaches, or between tides, especially any one of various species of grapsoid crabs, as Heterograpsus nudus of California. — Shore lark (Zoöl.), a small American lark (Otocoris alpestris) found in winter, both on the seacoast and on the Western plains. Its upper parts are varied with dark brown and light brown. It has a yellow throat, yellow local streaks, a black crescent on its breast, a black streak below each eye, and two small black erectile ear tufts. Called also horned lark. — Shore plover (Zoöl.), a large-billed Australian plover (Esacus magnirostris). It lives on the seashore, and feeds on crustaceans, etc. — Shore teetan (Zoöl.), the rock pipit (Anthus obscurus). [Prov. Eng.]

SHORE Shore, v. t.

Defn: To set on shore. [Obs.] Shak.

SHORELESS Shore"less, a.

Defn: Having no shore or coast; of indefinite or unlimited extent; as, a shoreless ocean. Young.

SHORELING Shore"ling, n.

Defn: See Shorling.

SHORER Shor"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shores or props; a prop; a shore.

SHOREWARD Shore"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the shore.

SHORING Shor"ing, n.

1. The act of supporting or strengthening with a prop or shore.

2. A system of props; props, collectively.

SHORL; SHORLACEOUS Shorl, n., Shor*la"ceous (,a. (Min.)

Defn: See Schorl, Schorlaceous.

SHORLING Shor"ling, n.

1. The skin of a sheen after the fleece is shorn off, as distinct from the morling, or skin taken from the dead sheep; also, a sheep of the first year's shearing. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A person who is shorn; a shaveling; hence, in contempt, a priest. [Obs.] Halliwell.

SHORN Shorn (,

Defn: p. p. of Shear.

SHORT Short, a. [Compar. Shorter; superl. Shortest.] Etym: [OE. short, schort, AS. scort, sceort; akin to OHG. scurz, Icel. skorta to be short of, to lack, and perhaps to E. shear, v. t. Cf. Shirt.]

1. Not long; having brief length or linear extension; as, a short distance; a short piece of timber; a short flight. The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it. Isa. xxviii. 20.

2. Not extended in time; having very limited duration; not protracted; as, short breath. The life so short, the craft so long to learn. Chaucer. To short absense I could yield. Milton.

3. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty; as, a short supply of provisions, or of water.

4. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the ordinary, standard; — usually with of; as, to be short of money. We shall be short in our provision. Shak.

5. Deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up, as to a measure or standard; as, an account which is short of the trith.

6. Not distant in time; near at hand. Marinell was sore offended That his departure thence should be so short. Spenser. He commanded those who were appointed to attend him to be ready by a short day. Clarendon.

7. Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not comprehensive; narrow; not tenacious, as memory. Their own short understandings reach No farther than the present. Rowe.

8. Less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not equal or equivalent; less (than); — with of. Hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse them again to war. Landor.

9. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; as, he gave a short answer to the question.

10. (Cookery)

Defn: Breaking or crumbling readily in the mouth; crisp; as, short pastry.

11. (Metal)

Defn: Brittle.

Note: Metals that are brittle when hot are called ; as, cast iron may be hot-short, owing to the presence of sulphur. Those that are brittle when cold are called cold-short; as, cast iron may be cold- short, on account of the presence of phosphorus.

12. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: Engaging or engaged to deliver what is not possessed; as, short contracts; to be short of stock. See The shorts, under Short, n., and To sell short, under Short, adv.

Note: In mercantile transactions, a note or bill is sometimes made payable at short sight, that is, in a little time after being presented to the payer.

13. (Phon.)

Defn: Not prolonged, or relatively less prolonged, in utterance; — opposed to long, and applied to vowels or to syllables. In English, the long and short of the same letter are not, in most cases, the long and short of the same sound; thus, the i in ill is the short sound, not of i in isle, but of ee in eel, and the e in pet is the short sound of a in pate, etc. See Quantity, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§22, 30.

Note: Short is much used with participles to form numerous self- explaining compounds; as, short-armed, short-billed, short-fingered, short-haired, short-necked, short-sleeved, short-tailed, short- winged, short-wooled, etc. At short notice, in a brief time; promptly. — Short rib (Anat.), one of the false ribs. — Short suit (Whist), any suit having only three cards, or less than three. R. A. Proctor. — To come short, To cut short, To fall short, etc. See under Come, Cut, etc.

SHORT Short, n.

1. A summary account. The short and the long is, our play is preferred. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The part of milled grain sifted out which is next finer than the bran. The first remove above bran is shorts. Halliwell.

3. pl.

Defn: Short, inferior hemp.

4. pl.

Defn: Breeches; shortclothes. [Slang] Dickens.

5. (Phonetics)

Defn: A short sound, syllable, or vowel. If we compare the nearest conventional shorts and longs in English, as in "bit" and "beat," "not" and "naught," we find that the short vowels are generally wide, the long narrow, besides being generally diphthongic as well. Hence, originally short vowels can be lengthened and yet kept quite distinct from the original longs. H. Sweet. In short, in few words; in brief; briefly. — The long and the short, the whole; a brief summing up. — The shorts (Stock Exchange), those who are unsupplied with stocks which they contracted to deliver.

SHORT Short, adv.

Defn: In a short manner; briefly; limitedly; abruptly; quickly; as, to stop short in one's course; to turn short. He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible for such presumptuous language. Howell. To sell short (Stock Exchange), to sell, for future delivery, what the party selling does not own, but hopes to buy at a lower rate.

SHORT Short, v. t. Etym: [AS. sceortian.]

Defn: To shorten. [Obs.]

SHORT Short, v. i.

Defn: To fail; to decrease. [Obs.]

SHORTAGE Short"age, n.

Defn: Amount or extent of deficiency, as determined by some requirement or standard; as, a shortage in money accounts.

SHORT-BREATHED Short"-breathed`, a.

1. Having short-breath, or quick respiration.

2. Having short life.

SHORTCAKE Short"cake`, n.

Defn: An unsweetened breakfast cake shortened with butter or lard, rolled thin, and baked.

SHORT CIRCUIT Short" cir"cuit. (Elec.)

Defn: A circuit formed or closed by a conductor of relatively low resistance because shorter or of relatively great conductivity.

SHORT-CIRCUIT Short"-cir`cuit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Short-circuited; p. pr. & vb. n. Short-circuiting.] (Elec.)

Defn: To join, as the electrodes of a battery or dynamo or any two points of a circuit, by a conductor of low resistance.

SHORTCLOTHES Short"clothes`, n.

Defn: Coverings for the legs of men or boys, consisting of trousers which reach only to the knees, — worn with long stockings.

SHORTCOMING Short"com`ing, n.

Defn: The act of falling, or coming short; as: (a) The failure of a crop, or the like. (b) Neglect of, or failure in, performance of duty.

SHORT-DATED Short"-dat`ed, a.

Defn: Having little time to run from the date. "Thy short-dated life." Sandys.

SHORTEN Short"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shortened ; p. pr. & vb. n. Shortening.] Etym: [See Short, a.]

1. To make short or shorter in measure, extent, or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.

2. To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen; to abridge; to curtail; to contract; as, to shorten work, an allowance of food, etc. Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain. Dryden.

3. To make deficient (as to); to deprive; — with of. Spoiled of his nose, and shortened of his ears. Dryden.

4. To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, pot liquor, or the like. To shorten a rope (Naut.), to take in the slack of it. — To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce sail by taking it in.

SHORTEN Short"en, v. i.

Defn: To become short or shorter; as, the day shortens in northern latitudes from June to December; a metallic rod shortens by cold.

SHORTENER Short"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shortens.

SHORTENING Short"en*ing, n.

1. The act of making or becoming short or shorter.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: That which renders pastry short or friable, as butter, lard, etc.

SHORTHAND Short"hand`, n.

Defn: A compendious and rapid method or writing by substituting characters, abbreviations, or symbols, for letters, words, etc.; short writing; stenography. See Illust. under Phonography.

SHORT-HANDED Short`-hand"ed, a.

Defn: Short of, or lacking the regular number of, servants or helpers.

SHORTHEAD Short"head`, n.

Defn: A sucking whale less than one year old; — so called by sailors.

SHORTHORN Short"horn`, a.

Defn: One of a breed of large, heavy domestic cattle having short horns. The breed was developed in England.

SHORT-JOINTED Short"-joint`ed, a.

Defn: Having short intervals between the joints; — said of a plant or an animal, especially of a horse whose pastern is too short.

SHORT-LIVED Short"-lived`, a.

Defn: Not living or lasting long; being of short continuance; as, a short-lived race of beings; short-lived pleasure; short-lived passion.

SHORTLY Short"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. sceortlice.]

1. In a short or brief time or manner; soon; quickly. Chaucer. I shall grow jealous of you shortly. Shak. The armies came shortly in view of each other. Clarendon.

2. In few words; briefly; abruptly; curtly; as, to express ideas more shortly in verse than in prose.

SHORTNESS Short"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being short; want of reach or extension; brevity; deficiency; as, the shortness of a journey; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of an essay; the shortness of the memory; a shortness of provisions; shortness of breath.

SHORTSIGHTED Short"sight`ed, a.

1. Not able to see far; nearsighted; myopic. See Myopic, and Myopia.

2. Fig.: Not able to look far into futurity; unable to understand things deep; of limited intellect.

3. Having little regard for the future; heedless. — Short"sight`ed*ly, adv. — Short"sight`ed*ness, n. Cunning is a kind of shortsightedness. Addison.

SHORT-SPOKEN Short"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Speaking in a quick or short manner; hence, gruff; curt. [Colloq.]

SHORTSTOP Short"stop`, n. (Baseball)

Defn: The player stationed in the field bewtween the second and third bases.

SHORT-WAISTED Short"-waist`ed, a.

Defn: Having a short waist.

SHORT-WINDED Short"-wind`ed, a.

Defn: Affected with shortness of breath; having a quick, difficult respiration, as dyspnoic and asthmatic persons. May.

SHORTWING Short"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small wrenlike Asiatic birds having short wings and a short tail. They belong to Brachypterix, Callene, and allied genera.

SHORT-WITED Short"-wit`ed, a.

Defn: Having little wit; not wise; having scanty intellect or judgment.

SHORY Shor"y, a.

Defn: Lying near the shore. [Obs.]

SHOSHONES Sho*sho"nes, n. pl.; sing. Shoshone (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A linguistic family or stock of North American Indians, comprising many tribes, which extends from Montana and Idaho into Mexico. In a restricted sense the name is applied especially to the Snakes, the most northern of the tribes.

SHOT Shot,

Defn: imp. & p. p. Shoot.

SHOT Shot, a.

Defn: Woven in such a way as to produce an effect of variegation, of changeable tints, or of being figured; as, shot silks. See Shoot, v. t., 8.

SHOT Shot, n. Etym: [AS. scot, sceot, fr. sceótan to shoot; akin to D. sschot, Icel. skot. sq. root159. See Scot a share, Shoot, v. t., and cf. Shot a shooting.]

Defn: A share or proportion; a reckoning; a scot. Here no shots are where all shares be. Chapman. A man is never . . . welcome to a place till some certain shot be paid and the hostess say "Welcome." Shak.

SHOT Shot, n.; pl. Shotor Shots. Etym: [OE. shot, schot, AS. gesceot a missile; akin to D. schot a shot, shoot, G. schuss, geschoss a missile, Icel. skot a throwing, a javelin, and E. shoot, v.t. sq. root159. See Shoot, and cf. Shot a share.]

1. The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other weapon which throws a missile. He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army. Clarendon.

2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet; specifically, whatever is discharged as a projectile from firearms or cannon by the force of an explosive.

Note: Shot used in war is of various kinds, classified according to the material of which it is composed, into lead, wrought-iron, and cast-iron; according to form, into spherical and oblong; according to structure and modes of operation, into solid, hollow, and case. See Bar shot, Chain shot, etc., under Bar, Chain, etc.

3. Small globular masses of lead, of various sizes, — used chiefly for killing game; as, bird shot; buckshot.

4. The flight of a missile, or the distance which it is, or can be, thrown; as, the vessel was distant more than a cannon shot.

5. A marksman; one who practices shooting; as, an exellent shot. Shot belt, a belt having a pouch or compartment for carrying shot. — Shot cartridge, a cartridge containing powder and small shot, forming a charge for a shotgun. — Shot garland (Naut.), a wooden frame to contain shot, secured to the coamings and ledges round the hatchways of a ship. — Shot gauge, an instrument for measuring the diameter of round shot. Totten. — shot hole, a hole made by a shot or bullet discharged. — Shot locker (Naut.), a strongly framed compartment in the hold of a vessel, for containing shot. — Shot of a cable (Naut.), the splicing of two or more cables together, or the whole length of the cables thus united. — Shot prop (Naut.), a wooden prop covered with tarred hemp, to stop a hole made by the shot of an enemy in a ship's side. — Shot tower, a lofty tower for making shot, by dropping from its summit melted lead in slender streams. The lead forms spherical drops which cool in the descent, and are received in water or other liquid. — Shot window, a window projecting from the wall. Ritson, quoted by Halliwell, explains it as a window that opens and shuts; and Wodrow describes it as a window of shutters made of timber and a few inches of glass above them.

SHOT Shot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shotting.]

Defn: To load with shot, as a gun. Totten.

SHOT-CLOG Shot"-clog`, n.

Defn: A person tolerated only because he pays the shot, or reckoning, for the rest of the company, otherwise a mere clog on them. [Old Slang] Thou common shot-clog, gull of all companies. Chapman.

SHOTE Shote, n. Etym: [AS. sceóta a darting fish, a trout, fr. sceótan. See Shoot, v. t.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish resembling the trout. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Garew.

2. Etym: [Perh. a different word.]

Defn: A young hog; a shoat.

SHOT-FREE Shot"-free`, a.

Defn: Not to be injured by shot; shot-proof. [Obs.] Feltham.

SHOT-FREE Shot"-free`, a.

Defn: Free from charge or expense; hence, unpunished; scot-free. [Obs.] Shak.

SHOTGUN Shot"gun`, n.

Defn: A light, smooth-bored gun, often double-barreled, especially designed for firing small shot at short range, and killing small game.

SHOT-PROOF Shot"-proof`, a.

Defn: Impenetrable by shot.

SHOTS Shots, n. pl.

Defn: The refuse of cattle taken from a drove. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SHOT SAMPLES Shot samples. (Metal.)

Defn: Samples taken for assay from a molten metallic mass pouring a portion into water, to granulate it.

SHOTTED Shot"ted, a.

1. Loaded with shot.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Having a shot attached; as, a shotten suture.

SHOTTEN Shot"ten, n. Etym: [Properly p. p. of shoot; AS. scoten, sceoten, p. p. of sceótan.]

1. Having ejected the spawn; as, a shotten herring. Shak.

2. Shot out of its socket; dislocated, as a bone.

SHOUGH Shough, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shockdog.

SHOUGH Shough, interj.

Defn: See Shoo. Beau & Fl.

SHOULD Should, imp. of Shall. Etym: [OE. sholde, shulde, scholde, schulde, AS. scolde, sceolde. See Shall.]

Defn: Used as an auxiliary verb, to express a conditional or contingent act or state, or as a supposition of an actual fact; also, to express moral obligation (see Shall); e. g.: they should have come last week; if I should go; I should think you could go. "You have done that you should be sorry for." Shak.

Syn. — See Ought.

SHOULDER Shoul"der, n. Etym: [OE. shulder, shuldre, schutder, AS. sculdor; akin to D. schoulder, G. schulter, OHG. scultarra, Dan. skulder, Sw. skuldra.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The joint, or the region of the joint, by which the fore limb is connected with the body or with the shoulder girdle; the projection formed by the bones and muscles about that joint.

2. The flesh and muscles connected with the shoulder joint; the upper part of the back; that part of the human frame on which it is most easy to carry a heavy burden; — often used in the plural. Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore The gates of Azza. Milton. Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.

3. Fig.: That which supports or sustains; support. In thy shoulder do I build my seat. Shak.

4. That which resembles a human shoulder, as any protuberance or projection from the body of a thing. The north western shoulder of the mountain. Sir W. Scott.

5. The upper joint of the fore leg and adjacent parts of an animal, dressed for market; as, a shoulder of mutton.

6. (Fort.)

Defn: The angle of a bastion included between the face and flank. See Illust. of Bastion.

7. An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object, or limits motion, etc., as the projection around a tenon at the end of a piece of timber, the part of the top of a type which projects beyond the base of the raised character, etc. Shoulder belt, a belt that passes across the shoulder. — Shoulder blade (Anat.), the flat bone of the shoulder, to which the humerus is articulated; the scapula. — Shoulder block (Naut.), a block with a projection, or shoulder, near the upper end, so that it can rest against a spar without jamming the rope. — Shoulder clapper, one who claps another on the shoulder, or who uses great familiarity. [Obs.] Shak. — Shoulder girdle. (Anat.) See Pectoral girdle, under Pectoral. — Shoulder knot, an ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder; a kind of epaulet or braided ornament worn as part of a military uniform. — Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail carried on a boat's mast; — so called from its shape. — Shoulder slip, dislocation of the shoulder, or of the humerous. Swift. — Shoulder strap, a strap worn on or over the shoulder. Specifically (Mil. & Naval), a narrow strap worn on the shoulder of a commissioned officer, indicating, by a suitable device, the rank he holds in the service. See Illust. in App.

SHOULDER Shoul"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shouldered; p. pr. & vb. n. Shouldering.]

1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence; to jostle. As they the earth would shoulder from her seat. Spenser. Around her numberless the rabble flowed, Shouldering each other, crowding for a view. Rowe.

2. To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; as, to shoulder a basket; hence, to assume the burden or responsibility of; as, to shoulder blame; to shoulder a debt. As if Hercules Or burly Atlas shouldered up their state. Marston. Right shoulder arms (Mil.), a position in the Manual of Arms which the piece is placed on the right shoulder, with the lock plate up, and the muzzle elevated and inclined to the left, and held as in the illustration.

SHOULDERED Shoul"dered, a.

Defn: Having shoulders; — used in composition; as, a broad- shouldered man. "He was short-shouldered." Chaucer.

SHOULDER-SHOTTEN Shoul"der-shot`ten, a.

Defn: Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse. Shak.

SHOUT Shout, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shouting.] Etym: [OE. shouten, of unknown origin; perhaps akin to shoot; cf. Icel. sk, sk, a taunt.]

Defn: To utter a sudden and loud outcry, as in joy, triumph, or exultation, or to attract attention, to animate soldiers, etc. Shouting of the men and women eke. Chaucer. They shouted thrice: what was the last cry for Shak. To shout at, to utter shouts at; to deride or revile with shouts.

SHOUT Shout, v. t.

1. To utter with a shout; to cry; — sometimes with out; as, to shout, or to shout out, a man's name.

2. To treat with shouts or clamor. Bp. Hall.

SHOUT Shout, n.

Defn: A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, especially of a multitudes expressing joy, triumph, exultation, or animated courage. The Rhodians, seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout in derision. Knolles.

SHOUTER Shout"er, n.

Defn: One who shouts.

SHOVE Shove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shoved; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoving.] Etym: [OE. shoven, AS. scofian, fr. sc; akin to OFries. sk, D. schuiven, G. schieben, OHG. scioban, Icel. sk, sk, Sw. skuffa, Dan. skuffe, Goth. afskiuban to put away, cast away; cf. Skr. kshubh to become agitated, to quake, Lith. skubrus quick, skubinti to hasten. sq. root160. Cf. Sheaf a bundle of stalks, Scoop, Scuffle.]

1. To drive along by the direct and continuous application of strength; to push; especially, to push (a body) so as to make it move along the surface of another body; as, to shove a boat on the water; to shove a table across the floor.

2. To push along, aside, or away, in a careless or rude manner; to jostle. And shove away the worthy bidden guest. Milton. He used to shove and elbow his fellow servants. Arbuthnot.

SHOVE Shove, v. i.

1. To push or drive forward; to move onward by pushing or jostling.

2. To move off or along by an act pushing, as with an oar a pole used by one in a boat; sometimes with off. He grasped the oar,shoved from shore. Garth.

SHOVE Shove, n.

Defn: The act of shoving; a forcible push. I rested . . . and then gave the boat another shove. Swift.

Syn. — See Thrust.

SHOVE Shove, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shove. Chaucer.

SHOVEBOARD; SHOVEGROAT Shove"board`, Shove"groat`, n.

Defn: The same as Shovelboard.

SHOVEL Shov"el, n. Etym: [OE. shovele, schovele, AS. scoft, sceoft; akin to D. schoffel, G. schaufel, OHG. sc, Dan. skovl, Sw. skofvel, skyffel, and to E. shove. sq. root160. See Shove, v. t.]

Defn: An implement consisting of a broad scoop, or more or less hollow blade, with a handle, used for lifting and throwing earth, coal, grain, or other loose substances. Shovel hat, a broad-brimmed hat, turned up at the sides, and projecting in front like a shovel, - - worn by some clergy of the English Church. [Colloq.] — Shovelspur (Zoöl.), a flat, horny process on the tarsus of some toads, — used in burrowing. — Steam shovel, a machine with a scoop or scoops, operated by a steam engine, for excavating earth, as in making railway cuttings.

SHOVEL Shov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shoveled or Shovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoveling or Shovelling.]

1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a heap, or into a cart, or out of a pit.

2. To gather up as with a shovel.

SHOVELARD Shov"el*ard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shoveler. [Prov. Eng.]

SHOVELBILL Shov"el*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shoveler.

SHOVELBOARD Shov"el*board`, n.

1. A board on which a game is played, by pushing or driving pieces of metal or money to reach certain marks; also, the game itself. Called also shuffleboard, shoveboard, shovegroat, shovelpenny.

2. A game played on board ship in which the aim is to shove or drive with a cue wooden disks into divisions chalked on the deck; — called also shuffleboard.

SHOVELER Shov"el*er, n. Etym: [Also shoveller.]

1. One who, or that which, shovels.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A river duck (Spatula clypeata), native of Europe and America. It has a large bill, broadest towards the tip. The male is handsomely variegated with green, blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the head and neck are dark green. Called also broadbill, spoonbill, shovelbill, and maiden duck. The Australian shoveler, or shovel-nosed duck (S. rhynchotis), is a similar species.

SHOVELFUL Shov"el*ful, n.; pl. Shovelfuls (.

Defn: As much as a shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel.

SHOVELHEAD Shov"el*head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shark (Sphryna tiburio) allied to the hammerhead, and native of the warmer parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans; — called also bonnet shark.

SHOVELNOSE Shov"el*nose`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The common sand shark. See under Snad. (b) A small California shark (Heptranchias maculatus), which is taken for its oil. (c) A Pacific Ocean shark (Hexanchus corinus). (d) A ganoid fish of the Sturgeon family (Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus) of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers; — called also white sturgeon.

SHOVEL-NOSED Shov"el-nosed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a broad, flat nose; as, the shovel-nosed duck, or shoveler.

SHOVEN Shov"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shove. Chaucer.

SHOW Show, v. t. [imp. Showed; p. p. Shown or Showed; p. pr. & vb. n. Showing. It is sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn, shewing.] Etym: [OE. schowen, shewen, schewen, shawen, AS. sceáwian, to look, see, view; akin to OS. scaw, OFries. skawia, D. schouwen, OHG. scouw, G. schauen, Dan. skue, Sw. sk, Icel. sko, Goth. usskawjan to waken, skuggwa a mirror, Icel. skuggy shade, shadow, L. cavere to be on one's guard, Gr. kavi wise. Cf. Caution, Scavenger, Sheen.]

1. To exhibit or present to view; to place in sight; to display; — the thing exhibited being the object, and often with an indirect object denoting the person or thing seeing or beholding; as, to show a house; show your colors; shopkeepers show customers goods (show goods to customers). Go thy way, shew thyself to the priest. Matt. viii. 4. Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise Magnificence; and what can heaven show more Milton.

2. To exhibit to the mental view; to tell; to disclose; to reveal; to make known; as, to show one's designs. Shew them the way wherein they must walk. Ex. xviii. 20. If it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away. 1 Sam. xx. 13.

3. Specifically, to make known the way to (a person); hence, to direct; to guide; to asher; to conduct; as, to show a person into a parlor; to show one to the door.

4. To make apparent or clear, as by evidence, testimony, or reasoning; to prove; to explain; also, to manifest; to evince; as, to show the truth of a statement; to show the causes of an event. I 'll show my duty by my timely care. Dryden.

5. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favor. Shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me. Ex. xx. 6. To show forth, to manifest; to publish; to proclaim. — To show his paces, to exhibit the gait, speed, or the like; — said especially of a horse. — To show off, to exhibit ostentatiously. — To show up, to expose. [Colloq.]

SHOW Show, v. i. Etym: [Written also shew.]

1. To exhibit or manifest one's self or itself; to appear; to look; to be in appearance; to seem. Just such she shows before a rising storm. Dryden. All round a hedge upshoots, and shows At distance like a little wood. Tennyson.

2. To have a certain appearance, as well or ill, fit or unfit; to become or suit; to appear. My lord of York, it better showed with you. Shak. To show off, to make a show; to display one's self.

SHOW Show, n. Etym: [Formerly written also shew.]

1. The act of showing, or bringing to view; exposure to sight; exhibition.

2. That which os shown, or brought to view; that which is arranged to be seen; a spectacle; an exhibition; as, a traveling show; a cattle show. As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such shows. Bacon.

3. Proud or ostentatious display; parade; pomp. I envy none their pageantry and show. Young.

4. Semblance; likeness; appearance. He through the midst unmarked, In show plebeian angel militant Of lowest order, passed. Milton.

5. False semblance; deceitful appearance; pretense. Beware of the scribes, . . . which devour widows' houses, and for a shew make long prayers. Luke xx. 46. 47.

6. (Med.)

Defn: A discharge, from the vagina, of mucus streaked with blood, occuring a short time before labor.

7. (Mining)

Defn: A pale blue flame, at the top of a candle flame, indicating the presence of fire damp. Raymond. Show bill, a broad sheet containing an advertisement in large letters. — Show box, a box xontaining some object of curiosity carried round as a show. — Show card, an advertising placard; also, a card for displaying samples. — Show case, a gla — Show glass, a glass which displays objects; a mirror. — Show of hands, a raising of hands to indicate judgment; as, the vote was taken by a show of hands. — Show stone, a piece of glass or crystal supposed to have the property of exhibiting images of persons or things not present, indicating in that way future events.

SHOWBREAD Show"bread`, n. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: Bread of exhibition; loaves to set before God; — the term used in translating the various phrases used in the Hebrew and Greek to designate the loaves of bread which the priest of the week placed before the Lord on the golden table in the sanctuary. They were made of fine flour unleavened, and were changed every Sabbath. The loaves, twelve in number, represented the twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be eaten by the priests only, and in the Holy Place. [Written also shewbread.] Mark ii. 26.

SHOWER Show"er, n.

1. One who shows or exhibits.

2. That which shows; a mirror. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SHOWER Show"er, n. Etym: [OE. shour, schour, AS. se; akin to D. schoer, G. schauer, OHG. sc, Icel. sk, Sw. skur, Goth. sk a storm of wind; of uncertain origin.]

1. A fall or rain or hail of short duration; sometimes, but rarely, a like fall of snow. In drought or else showers. Chaucer. Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers. Milton.

2. That which resembles a shower in falling or passing through the air copiously and rapidly. With showers of stones he drives them far away. Pope.

3. A copious supply bestowed. [R.] He and myself Have travail'd in the great shower of your gifts. Shak. Shower bath, a bath in which water is showered from above, and sometimes from the sides also.

SHOWER Show"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Showered; p. pr. & vb. n. Showering.]

1. To water with a shower; to Lest it again dissolve and shower the earth. Milton.

2. To bestow liberally; to destribute or scatter in Shak. Cshowers down greatness on his friends. Addison.

SHOWER Show"er, v. i.

Defn: To rain in showers; to fall, as in a hower or showers. Shak.

SHOWERFUL Show"er*ful, a.

Defn: Full of showers. Tennyson.

SHOWERINESS Show"er*i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being showery.

SHOWERLESS Show"er*less, a.

Defn: Rainless; freo from showers.

SHOWERY Show"er*y, a.

1. Raining in showers; abounding with frequent showers of rain.

2. Of or pertaining to a shower or showers. "Colors of the showery arch." Milton.

SHOWILY Show"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a showy manner; pompously; with parade.

SHOWINESS Show"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being showy; pompousness; great parade; ostentation.

SHOWING Show"ing, n.

1. Appearance; display; exhibition.

2. Presentation of facts; statement. J. S. Mill.

SHOWISH Show"ish, a.

Defn: Showy; ostentatious. Swift.

SHOWMAN Show"man, n.; pl. Showmen.

Defn: One who exhibits a show; a proprietor of a show.

SHOWN Shown,

Defn: p. p. of Show.

SHOWROOM Show"room`, n.

Defn: A room or apartment where a show is exhibited.

2. A room where merchandise is exposed for sale, or where samples are displayed.

SHOWY Show"y

Defn: , a. Etym: [Compar. Showier (; superl. Showiest.]

Defn: Making a show; attracting attention; presenting a marked appearance; ostentatious; gay; gaudy. A present of everything that was rich and showy. Addison.

Syn. — Splendid; gay; gaudy; gorgeous; fine; magnificent; grand; stately; sumptuous; pompous.

SHRAG Shrag, n. Etym: [CF. Scrag.]

Defn: A twig of a tree cut off. [Obs.]

SHRAG Shrag, v. t.

Defn: To trim, as trees; to lop. [Obs.]

SHRAGGER Shrag"ger, n.

Defn: One who lops; one who trims trees. [Obs.] Huloet.

SHRAM Shram, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Shrink.]

Defn: To cause to shrink or shrivel with cold; to benumb. [Prov. Eng.]

SHRANK Shrank,

Defn: imp. of Shrink.

SHRAP; SHRAPE Shrap, Shrape, n. Etym: [Cf. Scrap, and Scrape.]

Defn: A place baited with chaff to entice birds. [Written also scrap.] [Obs.] Bp. Bedell.

SHRAPNEL Shrap"nel, a.

Defn: Applied as an appellation to a kind of shell invented by Gen. H. Shrapnel of the British army. — n.

Defn: A shrapnel shell; shrapnel shells, collectively. Shrapnel shell (Gunnery), a projectile for a cannon, consisting of a shell filled with bullets and a small bursting charge to scatter them at any given point while in flight. See the Note under Case shot.

SHRED Shred, n. Etym: [OE. shrede, schrede, AS. screáde; akin to OD. schroode, G. schrot a piece cut off, Icel. skrjothr a shred, and to E. shroud. Cf. Screed, Scroll, Scrutiny.]

1. A long, narrow piece cut or torn off; a strip. "Shreds of tanned leather." Bacon.

2. In general, a fragment; a piece; a particle. Shak.

SHRED Shred, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shred or Shredded (; p. pr. & vb. n. Shredding.] Etym: [OE. shreden, schreden, AS. screádian; akin to OD. schrooden, OHG. scr, G. schroten. See Shred, n.]

1. To cut or tear into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces, as of cloth or leather. Chaucer.

2. To lop; to prune; to trim. [Obs.]

SHREDCOOK Shred"cook`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fieldfare; — so called from its harsh cry before rain. [Prov. Eng.]

SHREDDING Shred"ding, n.

1. The act of cutting or tearing into shreds.

2. That which is cut or torn off; a piece. Hooker.

SHREDDY Shred"dy, a.

Defn: Consisting of shreds.

SHREDLESS Shred"less, a.

Defn: Having no shreds; without a shred. And those which waved are shredless dust ere now. Byron.

SHREW Shrew, a. Etym: [OE. shrewe, schrewe. Cf. Shrewd.]

Defn: Wicked; malicious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHREW Shrew, n. Etym: [See Shrew, a.]

1. Originally, a brawling, turbulent, vexatious person of either sex, but now restricted in use to females; a brawler; a scold. A man . . . grudgeth that shrews [i. e., bad men] have prosperity, or else that good men have adversity. Chaucer. A man had got a shrew to his wife, and there could be no quiet in the house for her. L'Estrange.

2. Etym: [AS. screáwa; — so called because supposed to be venomous. ] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small insectivore of the genus Sorex and several allied genera of the family Sorecidæ. In form and color they resemble mice, but they have a longer and more pointed nose. Some of them are the smallest of all mammals.

Note: The common European species are the house shrew (Crocidura araneus), and the erd shrew (Sorex vulgaris) (see under Erd.). In the United States several species of Sorex and Blarina are common, as the broadnosed shrew (S. platyrhinus), Cooper's shrew (S. Cooperi), and the short-tailed, or mole, shrew (Blarina brevicauda). Th American water, or marsh, shrew (Neosorex palustris), with fringed feet, is less common. The common European water shrews are Crossopus fodiens, and the oared shrew (see under Oared). Earth shrew, any shrewlike burrowing animal of the family Centetidæ, as the tendrac. — Elephant shrew, Jumping shrew, Mole shrew. See under Elephant, Jumping, etc. — Musk shrew. See Desman. — River shrew, an aquatic West African insectivore (Potamogale velox) resembling a weasel in form and size, but having a large flattened and crested tail adapted for rapid swimming. It feeds on fishes. — Shrew mole, a common large North American mole (Scalops aquaticus). Its fine, soft fur is gray with iridescent purple tints.

SHREW Shrew, v. t. Etym: [See Shrew, a., and cf. Beshrew.]

Defn: To beshrew; to curse. [Obs.] "I shrew myself." Chaucer.

SHREWD Shrewd, a. [Compar. Shrewder; superl. Shrewdest.] Etym: [Originally the p. p. of shrew, v.t.]

1. Inclining to shrew; disposing to curse or scold; hence, vicious; malicious; evil; wicked; mischievous; vexatious; rough; unfair; shrewish. [Obs.] Chaucer. [Egypt] hath many shrewd havens, because of the great rocks that ben strong and dangerous to pass by. Sir J. Mandeville. Every of this happy number That have endured shrewd days and nights with us. Shak.

2. Artful; wily; cunning; arch. These women are shrewd tempters with their tongues. Shak.

3. Able or clever in practical affairs; sharp in business; astute; sharp-witted; sagacious; keen; as, a shrewd observer; a shrewd design; a shrewd reply. Professing to despise the ill opinion of mankind creates a shrewd suspicion that we have deserved it. Secker.

Syn. — Keen; critical; subtle; artful; astute; sagacious; discerning; acute; penetrating. — Shrewd, Sagacious. One who is shrewd is keen to detect errors, to penetrate disguises, to foresee and guard against the selfishness of others. Shrewd is a word of less dignity than sagacious, which implies a comprehensive as well as penetrating mind, whereas shrewd does not. — Shrewd"ly, adv. — Shrewd"ness, n.

SHREWISH Shrew"ish, a.

Defn: having the qualities of a shrew; having a scolding disposition; froward; peevish. My wife is shrewish when I keep not hours. Shak. — Shrew"ish*ly, adv. — Shrew"ish*ness, n.

SHREWMOUSE Shrew"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shrew; especially, the erd shrew.

SHRIEK Shriek, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shrieked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shrieking.] Etym: [OE. shriken, originallythe same word as E. screech. See Screech, and cf. Screak.]

Defn: To utter a loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry, as do some birds and beasts; to scream, as in a sudden fright, in horror or anguish. It was the owl that shrieked. Shak. At this she shrieked aloud; the mournful train Echoed her grief. Dryden.

SHRIEK Shriek, v. t.

Defn: To utter sharply and shrilly; to utter in or with a shriek or shrieks. On top whereof aye dwelt the ghostly owl, Shrieking his baleful note. Spenser. She shrieked his name To the dark woods. Moore.

SHRIEK Shriek, n.

Defn: A sharp, shrill outcry or scream; a shrill wild cry such as is caused by sudden or extreme terror, pain, or the like. Shrieks, clamors, murmurs, fill the frighted town. Dryden. Shriek owl. (Zoöl.) (a) The screech owl. (b) The swift; — so called from its cry.

SHRIEKER Shriek"er, n.

Defn: One who utters a shriek.

SHRIEVAL Shriev"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sheriff.

SHRIEVALTY Shriev"al*ty, n. Etym: [Contr. from sheriffalty. See Shrieve, n. Sheriff.]

Defn: The office, or sphere of jurisdiction, of a sheriff; sheriffalty. It was ordained by 28 Edward I that the people shall have election of sheriff in every shire where the shrievalty is not of inheritance. Blackstone.

SHRIEVE Shrieve, n. Etym: [Contr. from OE. shereve. See Sheriff.]

Defn: A sheriff. [Obs.] Shak.

SHRIEVE Shrieve, v. t.

Defn: To shrive; to question. [Obs.] "She gan him soft to shrieve." Spenser.

SHRIFT Shrift, n. Etym: [OE. shrift, schrift, AS. scrift, fr. scrifan to shrive. See Shrive.]

1. The act of shriving. In shrift and preaching is my diligence. Chaucer.

2. Confession made to a priest, and the absolution consequent upon it. Chaucer. Have you got leave to go to shrift to-day Shak. Therefore, my lord, address you to your shrift, And be yourself; for you must die this instant. Rowe. Shrift father, a priest to whom confession is made.

SHRIGHT Shright, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Shriek. She cried alway and shright. Chaucer.

SHRIGHT Shright, n. Etym: [See Shriek.]

Defn: A shriek; shrieking. [Obs] Spenser. "All hoarse for shright." Chaucer.

SHRIKE Shrike, n. Etym: [Akin to Icel. skrikja a shrieker, the shrike, and E. shriek; cf. AS. scric a thrush. See Shriek, v. i.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of oscinine birds of the family Laniidæ, having a strong hooked bill, toothed at the tip. Most shrikes are insectivorous, but the common European gray shrike (Lanius excubitor), the great northern shrike (L. borealis), and several others, kill mice, small birds, etc., and often impale them on thorns, and are, on that account called also butcher birds. See under Butcher.

Note: The ant shrikes, or bush shrikes, are clamatorial birds of the family Formicaridæ. The cuckoo shrikes of the East Indies and Australia are Oscines of the family Campephagidæ. The drongo shrikes of the same regions belong to the related family Dicruridæ. See Drongo. Crow shrike. See under Crow. — Shrike thrush. (a) Any one of several species of Asiatic timaline birds of the genera Thamnocataphus, Gampsorhynchus, and allies. (b) Any one of several species of shrikelike Australian singing birds of the genus Colluricincla. — Shrike tit. (a) Any one of several Australian birds of the genus Falcunculus, having a strong toothed bill and sharp claws. They creep over the bark of trees, like titmice, in search of insects. (b) Any one of several species of small Asiatic birds belonging to Allotrius, Pteruthius, Cutia, Leioptila, and allied genera, related to the true tits. Called also hill tit. — Swallow shrike. See under Swallow.

SHRILL Shrill, a. [Compar. Shriller; superl. Shrillest.] Etym: [OE. shril, schril; akin to LG. schrell, G. schrill. See Shrill,v. i.]

Defn: Acute; sharp; piercing; having or emitting a sharp, piercing tone or sound; — said a sound, or of that which produces a sound. Hear the shrill whistle which doth order give To sounds confused. Shak. Let winds be shrill, let waves roll high. Byron.

SHRILL Shrill, n.

Defn: A shrill sound. [Obs.] Spenser.

SHRILL Shrill, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shrilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shrilling.] Etym: [OE. schrillen, akin to G. schrillen; cf. AS. scralletan to resound loudly, Icel. skrölta to jolt, Sw. skrälla to shrill, Norw. skryla, skr. Cf. Skirl.]

Defn: To utter an acute, piercing sound; to sound with a sharp, shrill tone; to become shrill. Break we our pipes, that shrilledloud as lark. Spenser. No sounds were heard but of the shrilling cock. Goldsmith. His voice shrilled with passion. L. Wallace.

SHRILL Shrill, v. t.

Defn: To utter or express in a shrill tone; to cause to make a shrill sound. How poor Andromache shrills her dolors forth. Shak.

SHRILL-GORGED Shrill"-gorged`, a.

Defn: Having a throat which produces a shrill note. [R.] Shak.

SHRILLNESS Shrill"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shrill.

SHRILL-TONGUED Shrill"-tongued`, a.

Defn: Having a shrill voice. "When shrill-tongued Fulvia scolds." Shak.