P P (pe), (continued 2)

PALPATION Pal*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.]

1. Act of touching or feeling.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Examination of a patient by touch. Quain.

PALPATOR Pal*pa"tor, n. Etym: [L., a stroker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a family of clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary palpi.

PALPEBRA Pal"pe*bra, n.; pl. Palpebræ. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eyelid.

PALPEBRAL Pal"pe*bral, a. Etym: [L. palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F. palpébral.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the eyelids.

PALPEBRATE Pal"pe*brate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having eyelids.

PALPED Palped, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a palpus.

PALPI Pal"pi, n.,

Defn: pl. of Palpus. (Zoöl.) See Palpus.

PALPICORN Pal"pi*corn, n. Etym: [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short club-shaped antennæ, and long maxillary palpi.

PALPIFER Pal"pi*fer, n. Etym: [Palpus + L. ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Palpiger.

PALPIFORM Pal"pi*form, a. Etym: [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a palpus.

PALPIGER Pal"pi*ger, n. Etym: [See Palpigerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects.

PALPIGEROUS Pal*pig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Palpus + -gerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing a palpus. Kirby.

PALPITANT Pal"pi*tant, a. Etym: [L. palpitans, p. pr.]

Defn: Palpitating; throbbing; trembling. Carlyle.

PALPITATE Pal"pi*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Palpitating().] Etym: [L. palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr. pappare. See Palpable.]

Defn: To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; — said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from excitement.

PALPITATION Pal`pi*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.]

Defn: A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease.

PALPLESS Palp"less, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a palpus.

PALPOCIL Pal"po*cil, n. Etym: [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute soft filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and sponges.

PALPUS Pal"pus, n.; pl. Palpi. Etym: [NL. See Palp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A feeler; especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as, the mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The palpi of male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also palp. See Illust. of Arthrogastra and Orthoptera.

PALSGRAVE Pals"grave`, n. Etym: [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) + graaf count; cf. G. pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.)

Defn: A count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.

PALSGRAVINE Pals"gra*vine`, n.Etym: [D. paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.]

Defn: The consort or widow of a palsgrave.

PALSICAL Pal"si*cal, a.Etym: [From Palsy.]

Defn: Affected with palsy; palsied; paralytic. [R.] Johnson.

PALSIED Pal"sied, a.

Defn: Affected with palsy; paralyzed.

PALSTAVE Pal"stave`, n. Etym: [Dan. paalstav.]

Defn: A peculiar bronze adz, used in prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age. Dawkins.

PALSTER Pal"ster, n. Etym: [D. palsterstaf.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Halliwell.

PALSY Pal"sy, n.; pl. Palsies. Etym: [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie, F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.)

Defn: Paralysis, complete or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the palsy." Mark ii. 3. Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side of the face; — so called from Sir Charles Bell, an English surgeon who described it. — Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp, under Writer. — Shaking palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a peculiar shaking and tottering gait.

PALSY Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied; p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.]

Defn: To affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to paralyze.

PALSYWORT Pal"sy*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cowslip (Primula veris); — so called from its supposed remedial powers. Dr. Prior.

PALTER Pal"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Paltering.] Etym: [See Paltry.]

1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle. Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter. Shak. Who never sold the truth to serve the hour, Nor paltered with eternal God for power. Tennyson.

3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]

PALTER Pal"ter, v. t.

Defn: To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or on worthless things. [Obs.] "Palter out your time in the penal statutes." Beau. & Fl.

PALTERER Pal"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who palters. Johnson.

PALTERLY Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv.

Defn: Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "In palterly clothes." Pepys.

PALTOCK Pal"tock, n. Etym: [See Paletot.]

Defn: A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

PALTRILY Pal"tri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a paltry manner.

PALTRINESS Pal"tri*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being paltry.

PALTRY Pal"try, a. [Compar. Paltrier (; superl. Paltriest.] Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a rag, a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl. paltor.]

Defn: Mean; vile; worthless; despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry excuse; paltry gold. Cowper. The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost. Byron.

Syn. — See Contemptible.

PALUDAL Pa*lu"dal, a. Etym: [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy. [R.] Paludal fever, malarial fever; — so called because generated in marshy districts.

PALUDAMENT Pa*lu"da*ment, n.

Defn: See Paludamentum.

PALUDAMENTUM Pa*lu`da*men*tum, n.; pl. Paladumenta ( (Rom.

Defn: Antiq.) A military cloak worn by a general and his principal officers.

PALUDICOLAE Pal`u*dic"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc.

PALUDICOLE Pa*lu"di*cole, a. Etym: [Cf. F. paludicole.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicolæ

PALUDINA Pal`u*di"na, n.; pl. L. Paludinæ, E. Paludinas. Etym: [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to Paludina, Melantho, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of Pond snail, under Pond.

PALUDINAL Pal`u*di"nal, a.

Defn: Inhabiting ponds or swamps.

PALUDINE Pal"u*dine, a. Etym: [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a marsh. Buckland.

PALUDINOUS Pa*lu"di*nous, a.

1. (Zoöl.) (a) Paludinal. (b) Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina.

2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.]

PALUDISM Pa*lu"dism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes; malarial disease or disposition.

PALUDOSE Pal"u*dose`, a.Etym: [L. paludosus marshy.]

Defn: Growing or living in marshy places; marshy.

PALULE Pal"ule, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Palulus or Palus.

PALULUS Pal"u*lus, n.; pl. Paluli. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Palus.

PALUS Pa"lus, n.; pl. Pali. Etym: [L., a stake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part of the calicle of certain corals.

PALUSTRAL Pa*lus"tral, a. Etym: [L. paluster, -ustris.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy. [R.]

PALUSTRINE Pa*lus"trine, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy.

PALY Pal"y, a. Etym: [From Pale, a.]

Defn: Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak. Whittier.

PALY Pal"y, a. Etym: [Cf. F. palé. See Pale a stake.] (Her.)

Defn: Divided into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different tinctures disposed alternately.

PAM Pam, n. Etym: [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.]

Defn: The knave of clubs. [Obs.] Pope.

PAMENT Pa"ment, n.

Defn: A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PAMPANO Pam"pa*no, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pompano.

PAMPAS Pam"pas, n. pl. Etym: [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.]

Defn: Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia. Pampas cat (Zoöl.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet long. Called also straw cat. — Pampas deer (Zoöl.), a small, reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, or Blastocerus, campestris). — Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass (Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America.

PAMPER Pam"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pampering.] Etym: [Cf. LG. pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe thick pap, and E. pap.]

1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper the body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr. T. Dwight.

2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride; to pamper the imagination. South.

PAMPERED Pam"pered, a.

Defn: Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant. "Pampered boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope. — Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

PAMPERER Pam"per*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper.

PAMPERIZE Pam"per*ize, v. t.

Defn: To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith.

PAMPERO Pam*pe"ro, n.Etym: [Sp., fr. pampa a plain.]

Defn: A violent wind from the west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and the adjacent seas, often doing great damage. Sir W. Parish.

PAMPEROS Pam*pe"ros, n. pl.; sing. Pampero (. Etym: [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.

PAMPHLET Pam"phlet, n. Etym: [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr. OF. palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a leaf, dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, fr. L. Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old French name given to Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century, pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.]

1. A writing; a book. Testament of love. Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third. Ascham.

2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.

PAMPHLET Pam"phlet, v. i.

Defn: To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell.

PAMPHLETEER Pam`phlet*eer", n.

Defn: A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden. Macaulay.

PAMPHLETEER Pam`phlet*eer", v. i.

Defn: To write or publish pamphlets. By pamphleteering we shall not win. C. Kingsley.

PAMPINIFORM Pam*pin"i*form, a. Etym: [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.)

Defn: In the form of tendrils; — applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.

PAMPRE Pam"pre, n. Etym: [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.)

Defn: An ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for decorating spiral columns.

PAMPRODACTYLOUS Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies.

PAN-; PANTA-; PANTO- Pan-, Pan"ta-, Pan"to-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Combining forms signifying all, every; as, panorama, pantheism, pantagraph, pantograph. Pan- becomes pam- before b or p, as pamprodactylous.

PAN Pan, n. Etym: [OE. See 2d Pane.]

1. A part; a portion.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and the flanked angle.

3. Etym: [Perh. a different word.]

Defn: A leaf of gold or silver.

PAN Pan, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W. panu to fur, to full.]

Defn: To join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.] Halliwell.

PAN Pan, n. Etym: [Hind. pan, Skr. parna leaf.]

Defn: The betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See .

PAN Pan, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The god of shepherds, guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented.

PAN Pan, n. Etym: [OE. panne, AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG. pfanna, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E. paten.]

1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing. "A bowl or a pan." Chaucer.

2. (Manuf.)

Defn: A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum pan, under Vacuum.

3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.

4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer.

5. (C

Defn: A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.

6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan, under Hard.

7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud. Flash in the pan. See under Flash. — To savor of the pan, to suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be heretical. Ridley. Southey.

PAN Pan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panned; p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.] (Mining)

Defn: To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of pan. [U. S.] We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and panning out, which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand. Gen. W. T. Sherman.

PAN Pan, v. i.

1. (Mining)

Defn: To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; — usually with out; as, the gravel panned out richly.

2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop; as, the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang, U. S.]

PANABASE Pan"a*base, n. Etym: [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the number of metals contained in it.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Tetrahedrite.

PANACEA Pan`a*ce"a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The herb allheal.

PANACEAN Pan`a*ce"an, a.

Defn: Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean dews." Whitehead.

PANACHE Pa*nache", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.]

Defn: A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of feathers. A panache of variegated plumes. Prescott.

PANADA; PANADE Pa*na"da, Pa*nade", n. Etym: [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf. F. panade. See Pantry.]

Defn: Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp, and sweetened or flavored. [Written also panado.]

PANADE Pa*nade", n.

Defn: A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PANAMA HAT Pan`a*ma" hat`.

Defn: A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the young leaves of a plant (Carludovica palmata).

PANAMANIAN Pan`a*ma"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to Panama. — n.

Defn: A native or citizen of Panama.

PAN-AMERICAN Pan`-A*mer"i*can, a. Etym: [See Pan-.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to both North and South America.

PAN-AMERICAN CONGRESS Pan-American Congress. Any of several meetings of delegates from various American states; esp.: (a) One held in 1889-90 in the United States, at which all the independent states except Santo Domingo were represented and of which the practical result was the establishment of the Bureau of American Republics for the promotion of trade relations. (b) One held in Mexico in 1901-1902. (c) One held at Rio de Janeiro in 1906.

PAN-AMERICANISM Pan-A*mer"i*can*ism, n.

Defn: The principle or advocacy of a political alliance or union of all the states of America.

PAN-ANGLICAN Pan`-An"gli*can, a. Etym: [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the Pan-Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.

PANARY Pan"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. panis bread.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to bread or to breadmaking.

PANARY Pan"a*ry, n.

Defn: A storehouse for bread. Halliwell.

PANATHENAEA Pan*ath`e*næ"a, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ; , , all + Athena.]

Defn: The most ancient and important festival of Athens, celebrated in honor of Athena, the tutelary goddess of the city.

PANCAKE Pan"cake`, n.

Defn: A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday." Shak.

PANCARTE Pan"carte`, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.]

Defn: A royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions. [Obs.] Holinshed.

PANCE Pance, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The pansy. [Also paunce.]

PANCH Panch, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Paunch.

PANCHWAY Panch"way, n. Etym: [Hind. pan.] (Naut.)

Defn: A Bengalese four-oared boat for passengers. [Written also panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom.

PANCRATIAN Pan*cra"tian, a.

Defn: Pancratic; athletic.

PANCRATIAST Pan*cra"ti*ast, n.

Defn: One who engaged in the contests of the pancratium.

PANCRATIASTIC Pan*cra`ti*as"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West.

PANCRATIC Pan*crat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: Having all or many degrees of power; having a great range of power; — said of an eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying power.

PANCRATIC; PANCRATICAL Pan*crat"ic, Pan*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Pancratium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne

PANCRATIST Pan"cra*tist, n.

Defn: An athlete; a gymnast.

PANCRATIUM Pan*cra"ti*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An athletic contest involving both boxing and wrestling.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.

PANCREAS Pan"cre*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pancréas.] (Anat.)

Defn: The sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often together with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

PANCREATIC Pan`cre*at"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pancréatique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion, ferments. Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a colorless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See Pancreas.

PANCREATIN Pan"cre*a*tin, n. Etym: [See Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion.

Note: By some the term pancreatin is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still others to steapsin.

PANCY Pan"cy, n.

Defn: See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden.

PANDA Pan"da, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains of Northern India.

PANDANUS Pan*da"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous plants. See Screw pine.

PANDAR Pan"dar, n.

Defn: Same as Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius." Macaulay.

PANDARISM Pan"dar*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Panderism. Swift.

PANDARIZE Pan"dar*ize, v. i.

Defn: To pander. [Obs.]

PANDAROUS Pan"dar*ous, a.

Defn: Panderous. [Obs.]

PANDEAN Pan*de"an, a. Etym: [From 4th Pan.]

Defn: Of or relating to the god Pan. Pandean pipes, a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; — said to have been invented by Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes.

PANDECT Pan"dect, n. Etym: [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. pandectes, pl.]

1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science. [Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book. Donne.

2. pl.

Defn: The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent.

PANDEMIC Pan*dem"ic, a. Etym: [L. pandemus, Gr. pandémique.]

Defn: Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic. — n.

Defn: A pandemic disease. Harvey.

PANDEMONIUM Pan`de*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits. Milton.

2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.

PANDER Pan"der, n. Etym: [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus the possession of Cressida.]

1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer. Thou art the pander to her dishonor. Shak.

2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of another. Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition. Burke.

PANDER Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.]

Defn: To play the pander for.

PANDER Pan"der, v. i.

Defn: To act the part of a pander.

PANDERAGE Pan"der*age, n.

Defn: The act of pandering.

PANDERISM Pan"der*ism, n.

Defn: The employment, arts, or practices of a pander. Bp. Hall.

PANDERLY Pan"der*ly, a.

Defn: Having the quality of a pander. "O, you panderly rascals." Shak.

PANDERMITE Pan*der"mite, n. Etym: [From Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from which it is exported.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.

PANDEROUS Pan"der*ous

Defn: , Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander.

PANDICULATED Pan*dic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Pandiculation.]

Defn: Extended; spread out; stretched.

PANDICULATION Pan*dic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr. pandere to spread out.]

Defn: A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy.

PANDIT Pan"dit, n.

Defn: See Pundit.

PANDOOR Pan"door n.

Defn: Same as Pandour.

PANDORA Pan*do"ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a gift.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex.

PANDORE Pan"dore, n. Etym: [F. See Bandore.]

Defn: An ancient musical instrument, of the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also pandoran.]

PANDOUR Pan"dour, n.

Defn: One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army; — so called from Pandur, a principal town in the region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.] Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars. Campbell.

PANDOWDY Pan*dow"dy, n.

Defn: A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.

PANDURATE; PANDURIFORM Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. pandura a pandore + -form: cf. F. panduriforme.]

Defn: Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform color markings of an animal.

PANE Pane, n. Etym: [F. panne.]

Defn: The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.

PANE Pane, n. Etym: [OE. pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet, rag; akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.]

1. A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.

2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff so shown.

3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash.

4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a feeder and an outlet drain.

5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut diamond.

PANED Paned, a.

1. Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; as, a paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose." Massinger.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a sixpaned nut.

PANEGYRIC Pan`e*gyr"ic, n. Etym: [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F. panégyrique. See Panegyric, a.]

Defn: An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy.

PANEGYRIC; PANEGYRICAL Pan`e*gyr"ic, Pan`e*gyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s, from pa^, pa^n all +

Defn: Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory. "Panegyric strains." Pope. — Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv. Some of his odes are panegyrical. Dryden.

PANEGYRIS Pa*neg"y*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Panegyric.]

Defn: A festival; a public assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris.

PANEGYRIST Pan"e*gyr`ist, n. Etym: [L. panegyrista, Gr. Panegyric.]

Defn: One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by writing or speaking. If these panegyrists are in earnest. Burke.

PANEGYRIZE Pan"e*gy*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized; p. pr. & vb. n. Panegyrizing.] Etym: [Gr. Panegyrist.]

Defn: To praise highly; to extol in a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize.

PANEGYRIZE Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i.

Defn: To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford.

PANEGYRY Pan"e*gyr`y, n.

Defn: A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton.

PANEL Pan"el, n. Etym: [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F. panneau, dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d Pane.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.

2. (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill.

3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.

4. (Joinery)

Defn: A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door.

5. (Masonry)

Defn: One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt.

6. (Painting)

Defn: A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted.

7. (Mining) (a) A heap of dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal.

8. (Dressmaking)

Defn: A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.

9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss. Panel game, a method of stealing money in a panel house. — Panel house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. — Panel saw, handsaw with fine teeth, — used for cutting out panels, etc. — Panel thief, one who robs in a panel house.

PANEL Pan"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled or Panelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paneling or Panelling.]

Defn: To form in or with panels; as, to panel a wainscot. Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled work covering the window back. See Window back.

PANELATION Pan`el*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written also panellation.] Wood.

PANELESS Pane"less, a.

Defn: Without panes. To patch his paneless window. Shenstone.

PANELING Pan"el*ing, n.

Defn: A forming in panels; panelwork. [Written also panelling.]

PANELWORK Pan"el*work`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Wainscoting.

PANEULOGISM Pan*eu"lo*gism, n. Etym: [See Pan-, Eulogy.]

Defn: Eulogy of everything; indiscriminate praise. [R.] Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism. National Rev.

PANFUL Pan"ful, n.; pl. Panfuls. Etym: [See 5th Pan.]

Defn: Enough to fill a pan.

PANG Pang, n. Etym: [Prob. for older prange. Cf. Prong.]

Defn: A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs of death.

Syn. — Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.

PANG Pang, v. t.

Defn: To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment. [R.] Shak.

PANGENESIS Pan*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in explanation of heredity.

Note: The theory rests on the assumption, that the whole organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself, the cells throwing off minute granules called gemmules, which circulate freely throughout the system and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or parents, which in development give rise to cells in the offspring similar to those from which they were given off in the parent. The hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect until a case of atavism occurs.

PANGENETIC Pan`ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pangenesis.

PANGFUL Pang"ful, a.

Defn: Full of pangs. Richardson.

PANGLESS Pang"less, a.

Defn: Without a pang; painless. Byron.

PANGOLIN Pan"go*lin, n. Etym: [Malay pang.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Manis, Pholidotus, and related genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called also scaly ant-eater.

PANGOTHIC Pan*goth"ic, a. Etym: [Pan- + Gothic.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races. "Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle.

PANHANDLE Pan"han`dle, n.

Defn: The handle of a pan; hence, fig., any arm or projection suggestive of the handle of a pan; as, the panhandle of West Virginia, Texas, or Idaho.

PANHANDLE STATE Panhandle State.

Defn: West Virginia; — a nickname.

PANHELLENIC Pan`hel*len"ic, a. Etym: [See Panhellenium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to all Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks.

PANHELLENISM Pan*hel"len*ism, n.

Defn: A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body.

PANHELLENIST Pan*hel"len*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate of Panhellenism.

PANHELLENIUM Pan`hel*le"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An assembly or association of Greeks from all the states of Greece.

PANIC Pan"ic, n. Etym: [L. panicum.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass. Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum.

PANIC Pan"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. panique.]

Defn: Extreme or sudden and causeless; unreasonable; — said of fear or fright; as, panic fear, terror, alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden.

PANIC Pan"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. panigue. See Panic, a.]

1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic.

2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs.

PANICAL Pan"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden.

PANICLE Pan"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. pane: cf. F. panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and gradually simpler toward the end.

PANICLED Pan"i*cled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles; paniculate.

PANIC-STRICKEN; PANIC-STRUCK Pan"ic-strick`en, Pan"ic-struck`, a.

Defn: Struck with a panic, or sudden fear. Burke.

PANICULATE; PANICULATED Pa*nic"u*late, Pa*nic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Panicle.] (Bot)

Defn: Same as Panicled.

PANICUM Pan"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., panic grass.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses, including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic grass.

PANIDIOMORPHIC Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.)

Defn: Having a completely idiomorphic structure; — said of certain rocks.

PANIER Pan"ier, n.

Defn: See Pannier, 3. [Obs.]

PANIFICATION Pan`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. panification.]

Defn: The act or process of making bread. Ure.

PANIM Pa"nim, n.

Defn: See Painim. [Obs.] Milton.

PANISLAMISM Pan*is"lam*ism, n. Etym: [Pan- + Islamism.]

Defn: A desire or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.

PANIVOROUS Pa*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Eating bread; subsisting on bread.

PANNADE Pan*nade", n.

Defn: The curvet of a horse.

PANNAGE Pan"nage, n. Etym: [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr. pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing, grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; — called also pawns. (b) A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.

PANNARY Pan"na*ry, a.

Defn: See Panary. Loudon.

PANNE Panne, n. [F.]

Defn: A fabric resembling velvet, but having the nap flat and less close.

PANNEL Pan"nel, n. Etym: [See Panel.]

1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser.

2. (Falconry)

Defn: The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march. Farrow.

PANNIER Pan"nier, n. Etym: [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis bread. Cf. Pantry.]

1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras.

2. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles.

3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.

4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.

PANNIERED Pan"niered, a.

Defn: Bearing panniers. Wordsworth.

PANNIKEL Pan"ni*kel, n. Etym: [See Pan a dish.]

Defn: The brainpan, or skull; hence, the crest. [Obs.] Spenser.

PANNIKIN Pan"ni*kin, n. Etym: [Dim. of pan a dish.]

Defn: A small pan or cup. Marryat. Thackeray.

PANNOSE Pan"nose`, a. Etym: [See Pannus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.

PANNUS Pan"nus, n. Etym: [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.)

Defn: A very vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of the eyelids. Foster.

PANOISTIC Pan`o*is"tic, a. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing ova only; — said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous cells.

PANOMPHEAN Pan`om*phe"an, a. Etym: [L. panomphaeus, Gr.

Defn: Uttering ominous or prophetic voices; divining. [R.] We want no half gods, panomphean Joves. Mrs. Browning.

PANOPLIED Pan"o*plied, a.

Defn: Dressed in panoply.

PANOPLY Pan"o*ply, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive armor. Milton. We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole armor of God. Ray.

PANOPTICON Pa*nop"ti*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Pan-, and Optic.]

1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen.

2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.

PANORAMA Pan`o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Pan-, and Wary.]

1. A complete view in every direction.

2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a central point.

3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the spectator.

PANORAMIC; PANORAMICAL Pan`o*ram"ic, Pan`o*ram"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama. Panoramic camera. See under Camera.

PANORPIAN Pa*nor"pi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Panorpa. — n.

Defn: Same as Panorpid.

PANORPID Pa*nor"pid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa, and allied genera. The larvæ feed on plant lice.

PANPHARMACON Pan*phar"ma*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Pan-, and Pharmacon.]

Defn: A medicine for all diseases; a panacea. [R.]

PANPRESBYTERIAN Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an, a. Etym: [Pan- + Presbyterian.]

Defn: Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council.

PANPSYCHISM Pan*psy"chism, n. [See Pan-; Psychic.]

Defn: The theory that all nature is psychical or has a psychical aspect; the theory that every particle of matter has a psychical character or aspect. — Pan*psy"chic (#), a. — Pan*psy"chist (#), n. — Pan`psy*chis"tic (#), a.

Fechner affords a conspicuous instance of the idealistic tendency to mysterize nature in his panpsychicism, or that form of noumenal idealism which holds that the universe is a vast communion of spirits, souls of men, of animals, of plants, of earth and other planets, of the sun, all embraced as different members in the soul of the world. Encyc. Brit.

PANSCLAVIC; PANSCLAVISM; PANSCLAVIST; PANSCLAVONIAN Pan`sclav"ic, Pan`sclav"ism, Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an.

Defn: See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc.

PANSHON Pan"shon, n.

Defn: An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, — used for holding milk and for various other purposes. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

PANSIED Pan"sied, a. Etym: [From Pansy.]

Defn: Covered or adorned with pansies. "The pansied grounds." Darwin.

PANSLAVIC Pan`slav"ic, a. Etym: [Pan- + Slavic.]

Defn: Pertaining to all the Slavic races.

PANSLAVISM Pan`slav"ism, n.

Defn: A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one confederacy.

PANSLAVIST Pan`slav"ist, n.

Defn: One who favors Panslavism.

PANSLAVONIAN Pan`sla*vo"ni*an, a.

Defn: See Panslavic.

PANSOPHICAL Pan*soph"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Pansophy.]

Defn: All-wise; claiming universal knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders. [R.] John Worthington.

PANSOPHY Pan"so*phy, n. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. pansophie.]

Defn: Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 — 1671), a Moravian educator. [R.] Hartlib.

PANSPERMATIST; PANSPERMIST Pan*sper"ma*tist, Pan"sper`mist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a biogenist.

PANSPERMIC Pan`sper"mic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the panspermic hypothesis.

PANSPERMY Pan"sper`my, n. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The doctrine of the widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; — the opposite of Ant: spontaneous generation.

PANSTEREORAMA Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood, cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande & C.

PANSY Pan"sy, n.; pl. Pansies. Etym: [F. Pensée thought, pansy, fr. penser to think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness, and many other quaint names.

PANT Pant, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] Etym: [Cf. F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have the nightmare.]

1. To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp. Pluto plants for breath from out his cell. Dryden.

2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly. As the hart panteth after the water brooks. Ps. xlii. 1. Who pants for glory finds but short repose. Pope.

3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb; — said of the heart. Spenser.

4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic] The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees. Pope.

PANT Pant, v. t.

1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out. There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish. Shelley.

2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.] Then shall our hearts pant thee. Herbert.

PANT Pant, n.

1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. Drayton.

2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak.

PANTA- Pan"ta-.

Defn: See Pan-.

PANTABLE Pan"ta*ble

Defn: , n. See Pantofle. [Obs.]

PANTACOSM Pan"ta*cosm, n. Etym: [Panta- + Gr.

Defn: See Cosmolabe.

PANTAGRAPH Pan"ta*graph, n.

Defn: See Pantograph.

PANTAGRUELISM Pan*tag"ru*el*ism, n. Etym: [From Pantagruel, one of the characters of Rabelais.]

1. The theory or practice of the medical profession; — used in burlesque or ridicule.

2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.] Donaldson.

PANTALET Pan`ta*let", n. Etym: [Dim. of pantal.]

Defn: One of the legs of the loose drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece; — chiefly in the plural.

PANTALOON Pan`ta*loon", n. Etym: [F. pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice, which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr.

1. Aridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.

3. pl.

Defn: In recent times, same as Trousers.

PANTALOONERY Pan`ta*loon"er*y, n.

1. The character or performances of a pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.] Lamb.

2. Materials for pantaloons.

PANTAMORPH Pan"ta*morph, n.

Defn: That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.

PANTAMORPHIC Pan`ta*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Panta- + Gr.

Defn: Taking all forms.

PANTASCOPE Pan"ta*scope, n. Etym: [Panta- + -scope.] (Photog.)

Defn: A pantascopic camera.

PANTASCOPIC Pan`ta*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See under Camera.

PANTASTOMATA Pan`ta*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and allied forms.

PANTECHNICON Pan*tech"ni*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Pan-, and Technic.]

Defn: A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.

PANTELEGRAPH Pan*tel"e*graph, n. Etym: [Pan- + telegraph.]

Defn: See under Telegraph.

PANTER Pant"er, n.

Defn: One who pants. Congreve.

PANTER Pan"ter, n.Etym: [F. panetier. See Pantry.]

Defn: A keeper of the pantry; a pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale.

PANTER Pan"ter, n. Etym: [See Painter a rope.]

Defn: A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PANTEUTONIC Pan`teu*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Pan- + Teutonic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to all the Teutonic races.

PANTHEISM Pan"the*ism, n. Etym: [Pan- + theism.]

Defn: The doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the existing universe; cosmotheism.

PANTHEIST Pan"the*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds to pantheism.

PANTHEISTIC; PANTHEISTICAL Pan`the*is"tic, Pan`the*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism. — Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

PANTHEOLOGIST Pan`the*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in pantheology.

PANTHEOLOGY Pan`the*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pan- + theology.]

Defn: A system of theology embracing all religions; a complete system of theology.

PANTHEON Pan*the"on, n. Etym: [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. panthéon. See Pan-, and Theism.]

1. A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the building so called at Rome.

2. The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a divinity of the Greek pantheon.

PANTHER Pan"ther, n. Etym: [OE. pantere, F. panthère, L. panthera, Gr. pundrika a tiger.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some zoölogists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the body.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and sometimes to the jaguar. Panther cat (Zoöl.), the ocelot. — Panther cowry (Zoöl.), a spotted East Indian cowry (Cypræa pantherina); — so called from its color.

PANTHERESS Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female panther.

PANTHERINE Pan"ther*ine, a.

Defn: Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine snake (Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil.

PANTILE Pan"tile`, n. Etym: [5th pan + tile.] (Arch.)

Defn: A roofing tile, of peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S laid on its side (

PANTINGLY Pant"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak.

PANTISOCRACY Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Panto- + Gr.

Defn: A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days.

PANTISOCRAT Pan*tis"o*crat, n.

Defn: A pantisocratist.

PANTISOCRATIC Pan`ti*so*crat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.

PANTISOCRATIST Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist, n.

Defn: One who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy. Macaulay.

PANTLER Pan"tler, n. Etym: [F. panetier. See Panter, Pantry.]

Defn: The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the pantry. [Obs.] Shak.

PANTO- Pan"to-.

Defn: See Pan-.

PANTOCHRONOMETER Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Panto- + chronometer.]

Defn: An instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial. Brande & C.

PANTOFLE Pan*to"fle, n. Etym: [F. pantoufle.]

Defn: A slipper for the foot. [Written also pantable and pantoble.]

PANTOGRAPH Pan"to*graph, n. Etym: [Panto- + -graph: cf. F. pantographe.]

Defn: An instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or on a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also pantagraph, and incorrectly pentagraph.] Skew pantograph, a kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the original figure; — also called plagiograph.

PANTOGRAPHIC; PANTOGRAPHICAL Pan`to*graph"ic, Pan`to*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pantographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography.

PANTOGRAPHY Pan*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pantographie.]

Defn: A general description; entire view of an object.

PANTOLOGICAL Pan`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pantology.

PANTOLOGIST Pan*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.

PANTOLOGY Pan*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Panto- + -logy.]

Defn: A systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information.

PANTOMETER Pan*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Panto- + -meter: cf. F. pantomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances, etc.

PANTOMETRY Pan*tom"e*try, n.

Defn: Universal measurement. [R.] — Pan`to*met"ric, a. [R.]

PANTOMIME Pan"to*mime, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. pantomimo. See Mimic.]

1. A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, any actor. [Obs.]

2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without speaking; a pantomimist. [He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the performance from the action alone. Tylor.

3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence, dumb show, generally.

4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin, etc., are features.

PANTOMIME Pan"to*mime, a.

Defn: Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a pantomime dance.

PANTOMIMIC; PANTOMIMICAL Pan`to*mim"ic, Pan`to*mim"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pantomimique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show. "Pantomimic gesture." Bp. Warburton. — Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv.

PANTOMIMIST Pan"to*mi`mist, n.

Defn: An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes.

PANTON Pan"ton, n. Etym: [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.)

Defn: A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel.

PANTOPHAGIST Pan*toph"a*gist, n. Etym: [See Pantophagous.]

Defn: A person or an animal that has the habit of eating all kinds of food.

PANTOPHAGOUS Pan*toph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Eating all kinds of food.

PANTOPHAGY Pan*toph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The habit or power of eating all kinds of food.

PANTOPODA Pan*top"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pycnogonida.

PANTOSCOPIC Pan`to*scop"ic, a. Etym: [Panto- + -scope + -ic.]

Defn: Literally, seeing everything; — a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower for vision of near objects.

PANTRY Pan"try, n.; pl. Pantries. Etym: [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr. panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread, L. panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.]

Defn: An apartment or closet in which bread and other provisions are kept.

PANURGIC Pan*ur"gic, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Skilled in all kinds of work. "The panurgic Diderot." J. Morley.

PANURGY Pan"ur*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft. [R.] Bailey.

PANYARD Pan"yard, n.

Defn: See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys.

PANYM Pa"nym, n. & a.

Defn: See Panim. [Obs.]

PANZOISM Pan*zo"ism, n. Etym: [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A term used to denote all of the elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy. H. Spencer.

PAOLO Pa"o*lo, n. Etym: [It. Cf. Paul.]

Defn: An old Italian silver coin, worth about ten cents.

PAP Pap, n. Etym: [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden. The paps which thou hast sucked. Luke xi. 27.

2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon. Macaulay.

PAP Pap, n. Etym: [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa, the word with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.]

1. A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water.

2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap. [Colloq. & Contemptuous]

3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.

PAP Pap, v. t.

Defn: To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl.

PAPA Pa*pa", n. Etym: [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. Pope.]

1. A child's word for father.

2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley.

PAPABOTE Pa`pa*bo"te, n. Etym: [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The upland plover. [Local, U. S.]

PAPACY Pa"pa*cy, n. Etym: [LL. papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See Pope.]

1. The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal jurisdiction.

2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.

3. The Roman Catholic religion; — commonly used by the opponents of the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.

PAPAGAY Pap"a*gay, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Popinjay, 1 (b).

PAPAIN Pa*pa"in, n. Etym: [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw (Carica Papaya) of tropical America.

PAPAL Pa"pal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.]

1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope; ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal edict; the papal benediction. Milman.

2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians." Bp. Burnet. Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross. — Papal crown, the tiara.

PAPALIST Pa"pal*ist, n.

Defn: A papist. [Obs.] Baxter.

PAPALITY Pa*pal"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papauté.]

Defn: The papacy. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. Milton.

PAPALIZE Pa"pal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make papal. [R.]

PAPALIZE Pa"pal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To conform to popery. Cowper.

PAPALLY Pa"pal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a papal manner; popishly

PAPALTY Pa"pal*ty, n.

Defn: The papacy. [Obs.] Milton.

PAPAPHOBIA Pa`pa*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr.

Defn: Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church. [R.]

PAPARCHY Pa"par*chy, n. Etym: [L. papa bishop + -archy.]

Defn: Government by a pope; papal rule.

PAPAVER Pa*pa"ver, n. Etym: [L., poppy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the poppy.

PAPAVERACEOUS Pa*pav`er*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Papaveraceæ) of which the poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples.

PAPAVERINE Pa*pav"er*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in opium. It has a weaker therapeutic action than morphine.

PAPAVEROUS Pa*pav"er*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy. Sir T. Browne.

PAPAW Pa*paw", n. Etym: [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. papayo papaw, papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also pawpaw.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the order Passifloreæ. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon- shaped fruit, which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray.

PAPBOAT Pap"boat`, n.

1. A kind of sauce boat or dish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella rapha); — so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing.

PAPE Pape, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.]

Defn: A spiritual father; specifically, the pope. [Obs.]

PAPEJAY Pa"pe*jay, n.

Defn: A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PAPER Pa"per, n. Etym: [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. Papyrus.]

1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.

2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.

3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society. They brought a paper to me to be signed. Dryden.

4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as, a daily paper.

5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper.

6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper hangings, below.

7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of pins, tacks, opium, etc.

8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external application; as, cantharides paper.

Note: Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat.

Note: In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo.

Note: Paper is often used adjectively or in combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as, paper cutter or paper-cutter; paper knife, paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or papermaker; paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight, or paperweight, etc. Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual indebtedness; — opposed to accommodation paper. — Fly paper, paper covered with a sticky preparation, — used for catching flies. — Laid paper. See under Laid. — Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree (Betula papyracea). — Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval force. — Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper. — Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate-iron disks. Forney. — Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. — Paper hanger, one who covers walls with paper hangings. — Paper hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. — Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come in on free passes. [Cant] — Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the representative of coin. — Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry. — Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc. — Paper nautilus. (Zoöl.) See Argonauta. — Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. — Paper sailor. (Zoöl.) See Argonauta. — Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. De Colange. — Paper wasp (Zoöl.), any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. — Paper weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise. — Parchment paper. See Papyrine. — Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect engravings in books. — Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above. — Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for uses of little account. — Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or watermarked.

PAPER Pa"per, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper army.

PAPER Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.]

1. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a room or a house.

2. To fold or inclose in paper.

3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.]

PAPERWEIGHT Pa"per*weight`, n.

Defn: See under Paper, n.

PAPERY Pa"per*y, a.

Defn: Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of paper. Gray.

PAPESCENT Pa*pes"cent, a. Etym: [From Pap soft food.]

Defn: Containing or producing pap; like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot.

PAPESS Pa"pess, n. Etym: [F. papesse.]

Defn: A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope Joan. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PAPETERIE Pa`pe*terie", n. Etym: [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.]

Defn: A case or box containing paper and materials for writing.

PAPHIAN Pa"phi*an, a. Etym: [L. Paphius, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites.

PAPHIAN Pa"phi*an

Defn: , n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos.

PAPIER-MACHE Pa`pier"-ma`ché", n. Etym: [F. papier mâché, lit., chewed or mashed paper.]

Defn: A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually by means of molds.

PAPILIO Pa*pil"i*o, n. Etym: [L., a butterfly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of butterflies.

Note: Formerly it included numerous species which are now placed in other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow- tailed butterflies, like Papilio polyxenes, or asterias, and related species.

PAPILIONACEOUS Pa*pil`io*na"ceous, a.

1. Resembling the butterfly.

2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in the blossoms of the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that suborder of leguminous plants (Papilionaceæ) which includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust.

PAPILIONES Pa*pil`i*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Papilio.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.

PAPILIONIDES Pa*pil`i*on"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The typical butterflies.

PAPILLA Pa*pil"la, n.; pl. Papillæ. Etym: [L., a nipple, pimple.]

Defn: Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the papillæ of the tongue.

PAPILLAR Pap"il*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. papillaire.]

Defn: Same as Papillose.

PAPILLARY Pap"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. papillaire.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a papilla or papillæ; bearing, or covered with, papillæ; papillose.

PAPILLATE Pap"il*late, v. t. & i.

Defn: To cover with papillæ; to take the form of a papilla, or of papillæ.

PAPILLATE Pap"il*late, a.

Defn: Same as Papillose.

PAPILLIFORM Pa*pil"li*form, a. Etym: [Papilla + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a papilla; mammilliform.

PAPILLOMA Pap`il*lo"ma, n.; pl. Papillomata. Etym: [NL. See Papilla, and -Oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papillæ of the skin or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain.

PAPILLOMATOUS Pap`il*lo"ma*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, papillomata.

PAPILLOSE Pap"il*lose`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. papilleux.]

Defn: Covered with, or bearing, papillæ; resembling papillæ; papillate; papillar; papillary.

PAPILLOTE Pap"il*lote, n. Etym: [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.]

Defn: a small piece of paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper.

PAPILLOUS Pap"il*lous, a.

Defn: Papillary; papillose.

PAPILLULATE Pa*pil"lu*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a minute papilla in the center of a larger elevation or depression.

PAPION Pa"pi*on, n. Etym: [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.

PAPISM Pa"pism, n. Etym: [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.]

Defn: Popery; — an offensive term. Milton.

PAPIST Pa"pist, n. Etym: [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.]

Defn: A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; — an offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents.

PAPISTIC; PAPISTICAL Pa*pis"tic, Pa*pis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. papistique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; pertaining to popery; popish; — used disparagingly. "The old papistic worship." T. Warton. — Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.

PAPISTRY Pa"pist*ry, n.

Defn: The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery. [R.] Whitgift.

PAPIZED Pa"pized, a. Etym: [From Pape.]

Defn: Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized writers." Fuller.

PAPOOSE Pa*poose", n.

Defn: A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North America.

PAPPIFORM Pap"pi*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling the pappus of composite plants.

PAPPOOSE Pap*poose", n.

Defn: Same as Papoose. Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh.

PAPPOSE Pap*pose" a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a pappus; downy.

PAPPOUS Pap"pous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pappose.

PAPPUS Pap"pus, n. Etym: [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The hairy or feathery appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the order Compositæ; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which represent the calyx in other plants of the same order.

PAPPY Pap"py, a. Etym: [From Pap soft food.]

Defn: Like pap; soft; succulent; tender. Ray.

PAPRIKA; PAPRICA Pa"pri*ka, n. Also Pa"pri*ca. [Hung. paprika Turkish pepper; prob. through G.]

Defn: The dried ripened fruit of Capsicum annuum or various other species of pepper; also, the mildly pungent condiment prepared from it.

PAPUAN Pap"u*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Papua.

PAPUARS Pap"u*ars, n. pl.; sing. Papuan (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.

PAPULA Pap"u*la, n.; pl. Papulæ. Etym: [L.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule. Quain.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument between the plates of starfishes.

PAPULAR Pap"u*lar, a.

1. Covered with papules.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of papules; as, a papular eruption.

PAPULE Pap"ule, n.; pl. Papules (.

Defn: Same as Papula.

PAPULOSE Pap"u*lose`, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having papulæ; papillose; as, a papulose leaf.

PAPULOUS Pap"u*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pap.]

Defn: Covered with, or characterized by, papulæ; papulose.

PAPYRACEOUS Pap`y*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. papyraceus made of papyrus.]

Defn: Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.

PAPYREAN Pa*pyr"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous.

PAPYRINE Pap"y*rine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. papyrin made of paper. See Paper.]

Defn: Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric acid.

PAPYROGRAPH Pa*pyr"o*graph, n. Etym: [Papyrus + -graph.]

Defn: An apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph, Hectograph, Manifold.

PAPYROGRAPHY Pap`y*rog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means of the papyrograph. — Pap`y*ro*graph"ic, a.

PAPYRUS Pa*py"rus, n.; pl. Papyri. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Paper.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family, formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily, etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.

2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which were gummed together and pressed.

3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made of papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.

PAQUE Pâque, n. Etym: [F. pâque.]

Defn: See Pasch and Easter.

PAR Par, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Parr.

PAR Par, prep. Etym: [F., fr. L. per. See Per.]

Defn: By; with; — used frequently in Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.

PAR Par, n. Etym: [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]

1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.

2. Equality of condition or circumstances. At par, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium. — Above par, at a premium. — Below par, at a discount. — On a par, on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with his ambition. — Par of exchange. See under Exchange. — Par value, nominal value; face value.

PARA- Par"a-. Etym: [Gr. for- in forgive. Cf. For-.]

1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss; as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is contrary to opinion; parachronism.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection, or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene; paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used adjectively.

PARA Pa*ra", n. Etym: [Turk., fr. Per. parah a piece.]

Defn: A piece of Turkish money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one ninth of a cent.

PARA-ANAESTHESIA; PARA-ANESTHESIA Par`a-an`æs*the"si*a, -an`es*the"si*a, n. [NL.; para- + anæsthesia.] (Med.)

Defn: Anæsthesia of both sides of the lower half of the body.

PARABANIC Par`a*ban"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); — also called oxalyl urea.

PARABLAST Par"a*blast, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. Para-, and -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first blood and blood vessels. C. S. Minot.

PARABLASTIC Par`a*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the parablast; as, the parablastic cells.

PARABLE Par"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.]

Defn: Procurable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PARABLE Par"a*ble, n. Etym: [F. parabole, L. parabola, fr. Gr. gal to drop. Cf. Emblem, Gland, Palaver, Parabola, Parley, Parabole, Symbol.]

Defn: A comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer. Declare unto us the parable of the tares. Matt. xiii. 36.

Syn. — See Allegory, and Note under Apologue.

PARABLE Par"a*ble, v. t.

Defn: To represent by parable. [R.] Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled. Milton.

PARABOLA Pa*rab"o*la, n.; pl. Parabolas. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Parable, and cf. Parabole.] (Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n = Cubical, and Semicubical. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.

PARABOLE Pa*rab"o*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Parable.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Similitude; comparison.

PARABOLIC; PARABOLICAL Par`a*bol"ic, Par`a*bol"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. parabolique. See Parable.]

1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure; allegorical; as, parabolical instruction.

2. Etym: [From Parabola.] (Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic curve. (b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid. Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a parabola. See Conoid. — Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting telescopes. — Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. — Parabolic spiral, a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the parabola.

PARABOLICALLY Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.

2. In the form of a parabola.

PARABOLIFORM Par`a*bol"i*form, a. Etym: [Parabola + -form.]

Defn: Resembling a parabola in form.

PARABOLISM Pa*rab"o*lism, n. Etym: [From Parabola.] (Alg.)

Defn: The division of the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the first term. [Obs.]

PARABOLIST Pa*rab"o*list, n.

Defn: A narrator of parables.

PARABOLOID Pa*rab"o*loid, n. Etym: [Parabola + -oid: cf. F. paraboloïde.] (Geom.)

Defn: The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel to a given line are parabolas.

Note: The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to the parabolas of the higher orders. Hutton.

PARABOLOIDAL Par`a*bo*loid"al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid.

PARABRONCHIUM Par`a*bron"chi*um, n.; pl. Parabronchia. Etym: [NL. See Para-, Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the branches of an ectobronchium or entobronchium.

PARACELSIAN Par`a*cel"si*an, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th century. Ferrand.

PARACELSIAN Par`a*cel"si*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or teachings. Hakewill.

PARACELSIST Par`a*cel"sist, n.

Defn: A Paracelsian.

PARACENTESIS Par`a*cen*te"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The perforation of a cavity of the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.

PARACENTRIC; PARACENTRICAL Par`a*cen"tric, Par`a*cen"tric*al, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + centric, - ical: cf. F. paracentrique.]

Defn: Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a center. Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by equal distances in equal times; — called also a paracentric. — Paracentric motton or velocity, the motion or velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its motion as reckoned in any other direction.

PARACHORDAL Par`a*chor"dal, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + chordal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated on either side of the notochord; — applied especially to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part of the notochord. — n.

Defn: A parachordal cartilage.

PARACHRONISM Pa*rach"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + Gr. parachronisme.]

Defn: An error in chronology, by which the date of an event is set later than the time of its occurrence. [R.]

PARACHROSE Par"a*chrose, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Changing color by exposure Mohs.

PARACHUTE Par"a*chute, n. Etym: [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall. See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]

1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.

PARACLETE Par"a*clete, n. Etym: [L. paracletus, Gr.

Defn: An advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; — a term applied to the Holy Spirit. From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of the Paraclete given him by Christ. Bp. Pearson.

PARACLOSE Par"a*close, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Parclose.

PARACMASTIC Par`ac*mas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Para-, and Acme.] (Med.)

Defn: Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper. Dunglison.

PARACONIC Par`a*con"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids.

PARACONINE Par`a*co"nine, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + conine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.

PARACOROLLA Par`a*co*rol"la, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.)

Defn: A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.

PARA CRESS Pará cress.

Defn: An annual asteraceous herb (Spilances oleracea) grown in tropical countries as a pungent salad, and also used medicinally.

PARACROSTIC Par`a*cros"tic, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + acrostic.]

Defn: A poetical composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C.

PARACYANOGEN Par`a*cy*an"o*gen, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + cyanogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A polymeric modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide.

PARACYMENE Par`a*cy"mene, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Cymene.

PARADACTYLUM Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. Paradactyla. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Dactyl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The side of a toe or finger.

PARADE Pa*rade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an assembling for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr. parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.]

1. The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are drilled.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled.

3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition. Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. Swift.

4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as, a parade of firemen. In state returned the grand parade. Swift.

5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.] When they are not in parade, and upon their guard. Locke.

6. A public walk; a promenade. Dress parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. — Parade rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm.

Syn. — Ostentation; display; show. — Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; ostentation now generally indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for which one expects to be honored. "It was not in the mere parade of royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power." Robertson. "We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of learning, and the noise of victories." Spectator.

PARADE Pa*rade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.] Etym: [Cf. F. parader.]

1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off. Parading all her sensibility. Byron.

2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march ceremoniously; as, to parade troops.

PARADE Pa*rade", v. i.

1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public place.

2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form or march, as in review.

PARADIGM Par"a*digm, n. Etym: [F. paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. Para-, and Diction.]

1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns of all things." Cudworth.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in all its different forms of inflection.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: An illustration, as by a parable or fable.

PARADIGMATIC; PARADIGMATICAL Par`a*dig*mat"ic, Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Exemplary. — Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

PARADIGMATIC Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A writer of memoirs of religious persona, as examples of Christian excellence.

PARADIGMATIZE Par`a*dig"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized; p. pr. & vb. n. Paradigmatizing.] Etym: [Gr. Paradigm.]

Defn: To set forth as a model or example. [Obs.] Hammond.

PARADISAIC; PARADISAICAL Par`a*di*sa"ic, Par`a*di*sa"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal. "Paradisaical pleasures." Gray.

PARADISAL Par"a*di`sal, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal.

PARADISE Par"a*dise, n. Etym: [OE. & F. paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr. para`deisos park, paradise, fr. Zend pairidaeza an inclosure; pairi around (akin to Gr. diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to smear, and E. dough. Cf. Parvis.]

1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their creation.

2. The abode of sanctified souls after death. To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise. Luke xxiii. 43. It sounds to him like her mother's voice, Singing in Paradise. Longfellow.

3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a state of happiness. The earth Shall be all paradise. Milton. Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision. Beaconsfield.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.

5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and Limbo. — Grains of paradise. (Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under Pepper. — Paradise bird. (Zoöl.) Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most beautiful species are the superb (Lophorina superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes magnifica); and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia sefilata). The long-billed paradise birds (Epimachinæ) also include some highly ornamental species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides alba), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See Bird of paradise in the Vocabulary. — Paradise fish (Zoöl.), a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental fish. — Paradise flycatcher (Zoöl.), any flycatcher of the genus Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers extremely elongated. The adult male of T. paradisi is white, with the head glossy dark green, and crested. — Paradise grackle (Zoöl.), a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus Astrapia, having dark velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints. — Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local, U. S.] — Paradise whidah bird. (Zoöl.) See Whidah.

PARADISE Par"a*dise, v. t.

Defn: To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to bewitch. [R.] Marston.

PARADISEAN Par`a*dis"e*an, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal.

PARADISED Par"a*dised, a.

Defn: Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise.

PARADISIAC; PARADISIACAL Par`a*dis"i*ac, Par`a*di*si"a*cal, a. Etym: [L. paradisiacus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C. Kingsley. T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope. The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty. G. Eliot.

PARADISIAL; PARADISIAN Par`a*dis"i*al, Par`a*dis"i*an, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal. [R.]

PARADISIC Par`a*dis"ic, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome.

PARADISICAL Par`a*dis"ic*al, a.

Defn: Paradisiacal. [R.]

PARADOS Par`a*dos, n.; pl. Paradoses. Etym: [F., fr. parer to defend + dos back, L. dorsum.] (Fort.)

Defn: An intercepting mound, erected in any part of a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse. Farrow.

PARADOX Par`a*dox, n.; pl. Paradoxes. Etym: [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr. Gr. Para-, and Dogma.]

Defn: A tenet or proposition contrary to received opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be true in fact. A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable. Hooker. This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. Shak. Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic.

PARADOXAL Par"a*dox`al, a.

Defn: Paradoxical. [Obs.]

PARADOXER; PARADOXIST Par"a*dox`er, n., Par"a*dox`ist (, n.

Defn: One who proposes a paradox.

PARADOXICAL Par`a*dox"ic*al, a.

1. Of the nature of a paradox.

2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received opinions. Southey. — Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. — Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.

PARADOXIDES Par`a*dox"i*des, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large trilobites characteristic of the primordial formations.

PARADOXOLOGY Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Paradox + -logy.]

Defn: The use of paradoxes. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PARADOXURE Par`a*dox"ure, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See Musang.

PARADOXY Par"a*dox`y, n.

1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox.

2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge

PARAFFIN; PARAFFINE Par"af*fin, Par"af*fine, n. Etym: [F. paraffine, fr. L. parum too little + affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical inactivity.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of paraffins.

Note: In the present chemical usage this word is spelt paraffin, but in commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine. Native paraffin. See Ozocerite. — Paraffin series. See Methane series, under Methane.

PARAGE Par"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.]

1. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also, equality in the partition of an inheritance. Spelman.

2. (Feudal Law)

Defn: Equality of condition between persons holding unequal portions of a fee. Burrill.

3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. We claim to be of high parage. Chaucer.

PARAGENESIS Par`a*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.)

Defn: The science which treats of minerals with special reference to their origin.

PARAGENIC Par`a*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- the root of (Biol.)

Defn: Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first commencement of an individual; — said of peculiarities of structure, character, etc.

PARAGLOBULIN Par`a*glob"u*lin, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins. See Fibrinoplastin.

PARAGLOSSA Par`a*glos"sa, n.; pl. Paraglossæ. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of certain insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera.

PARAGNATH Par"ag*nath, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Paragnathus.

PARAGNATHOUS Pa*rag"na*thous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having both mandibles of equal length, the tips meeting, as in certain birds.

PARAGNATHUS Pa*rag"na*thus, n.; pl. Paragnathi. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Gnathic.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of the two lobes which form the lower lip, or metastome, of Crustacea. (b) One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of certain annelids.

PARAGOGE Par`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as withouten for without.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison.

PARAGOGIC; PARAGOGICAL Par`a*gog"ic, Par`a*gog"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. paragogique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving to lengthen, a word. Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.

PARAGON Par"a*gon, n. Etym: [OF. paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp. paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr.

1. A companion; a match; an equal. [Obs.] Spenser. Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.] Full many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men. Spenser.

3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall. Man, . . . the paragon of animals ! Shak. The riches of sweet Mary's son, Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon. Emerson.

4. (Print.)

Defn: A size of type between great primer and double pica. See the Note under Type.

PARAGON Par"a*gon, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.]

1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser. In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising. Glover.

3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.] He hath achieved a maid That paragons description and wild fame. Shak.

PARAGON Par"a*gon, v. i.

Defn: To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.] Few or none could . . . paragon with her. Shelton.

PARAGONITE Pa*rag"o*nite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist of the Alps.

PARAGRAM Par"a*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. Paragraph.]

Defn: A pun. Puns, which he calls paragrams. Addison.

PARAGRAMMATIST Par`a*gram"ma*tist, n.

Defn: A punster.

PARAGRANDINE Pa`ra*gran"di*ne, n. Etym: [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.]

Defn: An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See Paragr. Knight.

PARAGRAPH Par"a*graph, n. Etym: [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. Para-, and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.]

1. Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, e. g., a change of subject; now, the character

Note: This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness.

2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is sometimes noted by the mark

3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial paragraph.

PARAGRAPH Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paragraphed; p. pr. & vb. n. Paragraphing.]

1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character .

2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an article.

3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs

PARAGRAPHER Par"a*graph`er, n.

Defn: A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.

PARAGRAPHIC; PARAGRAPHICAL Par`a*graph"ic, Par`a*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs. — Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

PARAGRAPHIST Par"a*graph`ist, n.

Defn: A paragrapher.

PARAGRAPHISTICAL Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

PARA GRASS Pa*ra" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode) introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.

PARAGRELE Pa`ra`grêle", n. Etym: [F., fr. parer to guard + grêle hail.]

Defn: A lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms. [France] Knight.

PARAGUAYAN Par`a*guay"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paraguay. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.

PARAGUAY TEA Pa`ra*guay" tea".

Defn: See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.

PARAIL Par"ail, n.

Defn: See Apparel. [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim." Piers Plowman.

PARAKEET Par"a*keet`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Parrakeet.

PARAKITE Par"a*kite`, n. [Para- + kite.]

Defn: A train or series of kites on one string and flying tandem, used for attaining great heights and for sending up instruments for meteorological observations or a man for military reconnoissance; also, a kite of such a train.

PARALACTIC Par`a*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Designating an acid called paralactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic.

PARALBUMIN Par`al*bu"min, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.

PARALDEHYDE Par*al"de*hyde, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.

PARALEIPSIS Par`a*leip"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice." [Written also paralepsis, paralepsy, paralipsis.]

PARALEPSIS Par`a*lep"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Paraleipsis.

PARALGESIA Par`al*ge"si*a, n. [NL.; para-+ Gr. 'a`lghsis sense of pain.] (Med.)

Defn: Disordered sensibility to pain, including absence of sensibility to pain, excessive sensibility to pain, and abnormal painful results of stimuli. — Par`al*ge"sic (#), a.

PARALIAN Pa*ra"li*an, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A dweller by the sea. [R.]

PARALIPOMENON Par`a*li*pom"e*non, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr.

Defn: A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.

Note: In the Septuagint these books are called Paraleipome`nwn prw on and dey`teron, which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings W. Smith.

PARALIPSIS Par`a*lip"sis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Paraleipsis.

PARALLACTIC; PARALLACTICAL Par`al*lac"tic, Par`al*lac"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. parallactique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parallax.

PARALLAX Par"al*lax, n. Etym: [Gr. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.]

1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen from two different stations, or points of view.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun. Annual parallax, the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star. — Binocular parallax, the apparent difference in position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining unmoved. — Diurnal, or Geocentric, parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that is generally understood when the term is used without qualification. — Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a planet. — Horizontal parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. — Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly. Brande & C. — Parallax of the cross wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass. — Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed star.

PARALLEL Par"al*lel, a. Etym: [F. parallèle, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. alius. See Allien.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes. Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. Hakluyt.

Note: Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in all parts equally distant.

2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; — used with to and with. When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it can not be too much cherished. Addison.

3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage. Addison. Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, — used for gymnastic exercises. — Parallel circles of a sphere, those circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. — Parallel columns, or Parallels (Printing), two or more passages of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them. — Parallel forces (Mech.), forces which act in directions parallel to each other. — Parallel motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine. (b) (Mus.) The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths. — Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; — called also couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod. See Illust. of Locomotive, in App. — Parallel ruler, an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. — Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of latitude. — Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an observer at either pole. — Parallel vise, a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.

PARALLEL Par"al*lel, n.

1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc. Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line Pope.

2. Direction conformable to that of another line, Lines that from their parallel decline. Garth.

3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity. Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run. Swift.

4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope.

5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart. None but thyself can be thy parallel. Pope.

6. (Geog.)

Defn: One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.

8. (Print.)

Defn: A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page. Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. — Parallel of altitude (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. — Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. — Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.