L (continued 8)

Defn: Pertaining to, of or the nature of, a liturgy; of or pertaining to public prayer and worship. T. Warton.

LITURGICALLY Li*tur"gic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a liturgy.

LITURGICS Li*tur"gics, n.

Defn: The science of worship; history, doctrine, and interpretation of liturgies.

LITURGIOLOGIST Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in liturgiology.

LITURGIOLOGY Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Liturgy + -logy.]

Defn: The science treating of liturgical matters; a treatise on, or description of, liturgies. Shipley.

LITURGIST Lit"ur*gist, n.

Defn: One who favors or adheres strictly to a liturgy. Milton.

LITURGY Lit"ur*gy, n.; pl. Liturgies. Etym: [F. liturgie, LL. liturgia, Gr. Lay, a., and Work.]

Defn: An established formula for public worship, or the entire ritual for public worship in a church which uses prescribed forms; a formulary for public prayer or devotion. In the Roman Catholic Church it includes all forms and services in any language, in any part of the world, for the celebration of Mass.

LITUUS Lit"u*us, n.; pl. Litui. Etym: [L.]

1. (Rom. Antig.) (a) A curved staff used by the augurs in quartering the heavens. (b) An instrument of martial music; a kind of trumpet of a somewhat curved form and shrill note.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A spiral whose polar equation is r2th = a; that is, a curve the square of whose radius vector varies inversely as the angle which the radius vector makes with a given line.

LIVABLE Liv"a*ble, a.

1. Such as can be lived.

2. Such as in pleasant to live in; fit or suitable to live in. [Colloq.] A more delightful or livable region is not easily to be found. T. Arnold.

LIVE Live, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lived; p. pr. & vb. n. Living.] Etym: [OE. liven, livien, AS. libban, lifian; akin to OS. libbian, D. leven, G. leben, OHG. lebn, Dan. leve, Sw. lefva, Icel. lifa to live, to be left, to remain, Goth. liban to live; akin to E. leave to forsake, and life, Gr. lip to anoint, smear; — the first sense prob. was, to cleave to, stick to; hence, to remain, stay; and hence, to live.]

1. To be alive; to have life; to have, as an animal or a plant, the capacity of assimilating matter as food, and to be dependent on such assimilation for a continuance of existence; as, animals and plants that live to a great age are long in reaching maturity. Thus saith the Lord God unto these bones; Behold, I will . . . lay sinews upon you, and will bring up flesh upon you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and ye shall live. Ezek. xxxvii. 5, 6.

2. To pass one's time; to pass life or time in a certain manner, as to habits, conduct, or circumstances; as, to live in ease or affluence; to live happily or usefully. O death, how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a man that liveth at rest in his possessions! Ecclus. xli. 1.

3. To make one's abiding place or home; to abide; to dwell; to reside. Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years. Gen. xlvii. 28.

4. To be or continue in existence; to exist; to remain; to be permanent; to last; — said of inanimate objects, ideas, etc. Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues We write in water. Shak.

5. To enjoy or make the most of life; to be in a state of happiness. What greater curse could envious fortune give Than just to die when I began to live Dryden.

6. To feed; to subsist; to be nourished or supported; — with on; as, horses live on grass and grain.

7. To have a spiritual existence; to be quickened, nourished, and actuated by divine influence or faith. The just shall live by faith. Gal. iii. ll.

8. To be maintained in life; to acquire a livelihood; to subsist; — with on or by; as, to live on spoils. Those who live by labor. Sir W. Temple.

9. To outlast danger; to float; — said of a ship, boat, etc.; as, no ship could live in such a storm. A strong mast that lived upon the sea. Shak. To live out, to be at service; to live away from home as a servant. [U. S.] — To live with. (a) To dwell or to be a lodger with. (b) To cohabit with; to have intercourse with, as male with female.

LIVE Live, v. t.

1. To spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually; as, to live an idle or a useful life.

2. To act habitually in conformity with; to practice. To live the Gospel. Foxe. To live down, to live so as to subdue or refute; as, to live down slander.

LIVE Live, a. Etym: [Abbreviated from alive. See Alive, Life.]

1. Having life; alive; living; not dead. If one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it. Ex. xxi. 35.

2. Being in a state of ignition; burning; having active properties; as, a live coal; live embers. " The live ether." Thomson.

3. Full of earnestness; active; wide awake; glowing; as, a live man, or orator.

4. Vivid; bright. " The live carnation." Thomson.

5. (Engin.)

Defn: Imparting power; having motion; as, the live spindle of a lathe. Live birth, the condition of being born in such a state that acts of life are manifested after the extrusion of the whole body. Dunglison. — Live box, a cell for holding living objects under microscopical examination. P. H. Gosse. — Live feathers, feathers which have been plucked from the living bird, and are therefore stronger and more elastic. — Live gang. (Sawing) See under Gang. — Live grass (Bot.), a grass of the genus Eragrostis. — Live load (Engin.), a suddenly applied load; a varying load; a moving load; as a moving train of cars on a bridge, or wind pressure on a roof. Live oak (Bot.), a species of oak (Quercus virens), growing in the Southern States, of great durability, and highly esteemed for ship timber. In California the Q. chrysolepis and some other species are also called live oaks. — Live ring (Engin.), a circular train of rollers upon which a swing bridge, or turntable, rests, and which travels around a circular track when the bridge or table turns. — Live steam , steam direct from the boiler, used for any purpose, in distinction from exhaust steam. — Live stock, horses, cattle, and other domestic animals kept on a farm. whole body.

LIVE Live, n.

Defn: Life. [Obs.] Chaucer. On live, in life; alive. [Obs.] See Alive. Chaucer.

LIVED Lived, a.

Defn: Having life; — used only in composition; as, long-lived; short-lived.

LIVE-FOREVER Live"-for*ev`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Sedum Telephium) with fleshy leaves, which has extreme powers of resisting drought; garden ox-pine.

LIVELIHED Live"li*hed, n.

Defn: See Livelihood. [Obs.]

LIVELIHOOD Live"li*hood, n. Etym: [OE. livelode, liflode, prop., course of life, life's support, maintenance, fr. AS. lif life + lad road, way, maintenance. Confused with livelihood liveliness. See Life, and Lode.]

Defn: Subsistence or living, as dependent on some means of support; support of life; maintenance. The opportunities of gaining an honest livelihood. Addison. It is their profession and livelihood to get their living by practices for which they deserve to forfeit their lives. South.

LIVELIHOOD Live"li*hood, n. Etym: [Lively + -hood.]

Defn: Liveliness; appearance of life. [Obs.] Shak.

LIVELILY Live"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lively manner. [Obs.] Lamb.

LIVELINESS Live"li*ness, n. Etym: [From Lively.]

1. The quality or state of being lively or animated; sprightliness; vivacity; animation; spirit; as, the liveliness of youth, contrasted with the gravity of age. B. Jonson.

2. An appearance of life, animation, or spirit; as, the liveliness of the eye or the countenance in a portrait.

3. Briskness; activity; effervescence, as of liquors.

Syn. — Sprightliness; gayety; animation; vivacity; smartness; briskness; activity. — Liveliness, Gayety, Animation, Vivacity. Liveliness is an habitual feeling of life and interest; gayety refers more to a temporary excitement of the animal spirits; animation implies a warmth of emotion and a corresponding vividness of expressing it, awakened by the presence of something which strongly affects the mind; vivacity is a feeling between liveliness and animation, having the permanency of the one, and, to some extent, the warmth of the other. Liveliness of imagination; gayety of heart; animation of countenance; vivacity of gesture or conversation.

LIVELODE Live"lode`, n. Etym: [See 1st Livelihood.]

Defn: Course of life; means of support; livelihood. [Obs.]

LIVELONG Live"long`, a. Etym: [For lifelong. Cf. Lifelong.]

1. Whole; entire; long in passing; — used of time, as day or night, in adverbial phrases, and usually with a sense of tediousness. The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak. How could she sit the livelong day, Yet never ask us once to play Swift.

2. Lasting; durable. [Obs.] Thou hast built thyself a livelong monument. Milton.

LIVELY Live"ly, a. [Compar. Livelier; superl. Liveliest.] Etym: [For lifely. Cf. Lifelike.]

1. Endowed with or manifesting life; living. Chaplets of gold and silver resembling lively flowers and leaves. Holland.

2. Brisk; vivacious; active; as, a lively youth. But wherefore comes old Manoa in such haste, With youthful steps Much livelier than erewhile He seems. Milton.

3. Gay; airy; animated; spirited. From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope.

4. Representing life; lifelike. [Obs.] I spied the lively picture of my father. Massinger.

5. Bright; vivid; glowing; strong; vigorous. The colors of the prism are manifestly more full, intense, and lively that those of natural bodies. Sir I. Newton. His faith must be not only living, but lively too. South. Lively stones (Script.), saints, as being quickened by the Spirit, and active in holiness.

Syn. — Brisk; vigorous; quick; nimble; smart; active; alert; sprightly; animated; spirited; prompt; earnest; strong; energetic; vivid; vivacious; blithe; gleeful; airy; gay; jocund.

LIVELY Live"ly, adv.

1. In a brisk, active, or animated manner; briskly; vigorously. Hayward.

2. With strong resemblance of life. [Obs.] Thou counterfeitest most lively. Shak.

LIVER Liv"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, lives. And try if life be worth the liver's care. Prior.

2. A resident; a dweller; as, a liver in Brooklyn.

3. One whose course of life has some marked characteristic (expressed by an adjective); as, a free liver. Fast liver, one who lives in an extravagant and dissipated way. — Free liver, Good liver, one given to the pleasures of the table. — Loose liver, a person who lives a somewhat dissolute life.

LIVER Liv"er, n. Etym: [AS. lifer; akin to D. liver, G. leber, OHG. lebara, Icel. lifr, Sw. lefver, and perh. to Gr. live, v.] (Anat.)

Defn: A very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral cavity of all vertebrates.

Note: Most of the venous blood from the alimentary canal passes through it on its way back to the heart; and it secretes the bile, produces glycogen, and in other ways changes the blood which passes through it. In man it is situated immediately beneath the diaphragm and mainly on the right side. See Bile, Digestive, and Glycogen. The liver of invertebrate animals is usually made up of cæcal tubes, and differs materially, in form and function, from that of vertebrates. Floating liver. See Wandering liver, under Wandering. — Liver of antimony, Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. — Liver brown, Liver color, the color of liver, a dark, reddish brown. — Liver shark (Zoöl.), a very large shark (Cetorhinus maximus), inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe and North America. It sometimes becomes forty feet in length, being one of the largest sharks known; but it has small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It is captured for the sake of its liver, which often yields several barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone, by means of which it separates small animals from the sea water. Called also basking shark, bone shark, hoemother, homer, and sailfish. — Liver spots, yellowish brown patches or spots of chloasma.

LIVER Liv"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glossy ibis (Ibis falcinellus); — said to have given its name to the city of Liverpool.

LIVER-COLORED Liv"er-col`ored, a.

Defn: Having a color like liver; dark reddish brown.

LIVERED Liv"ered, a.

Defn: Having (such) a liver; used in composition; as, white-livered.

LIVER-GROWN Liv"er-grown`, a.

Defn: Having an enlarged liver. Dunglison.

LIVERIED Liv"er*ied, a.

Defn: Wearing a livery. See Livery, 3. The liveried servants wait. Parnell.

LIVERING Liv"er*ing, n.

Defn: A kind of pudding or sausage made of liver or pork. [Obs.] Chapman.

LIVERLEAF Liv"er*leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Liverwort.

LIVERWORT Liv"er*wort`, n. (Bot.)

1. A ranunculaceous plant (Anemone Hepatica) with pretty white or bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; — called also squirrel cups.

2. A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond.

Note: From this plant many others of the same order (Hepaticæ) have been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe Marchantiaceæ. See Illust. of Hepatica.

LIVERY Liv"er*y, n.; pl. Liveries. Etym: [OE. livere, F. livrée, formerly, a gift of clothes made by the master to his servants, prop., a thing delivered, fr. livrer to deliver, L. liberare to set free, in LL., to deliver up. See Liberate.]

1. (Eng. Law) (a) The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements. (b) The writ by which possession is obtained.

Note: It is usual to say, livery of seizin, which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod, or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In the United States, and now in Great Britain, no such ceremony is necessary, the delivery of a deed being sufficient.

2. Release from wardship; deliverance. It concerned them first to sue out their livery from the unjust wardship of his encroaching prerogative. Milton.

3. That which is delivered out statedly or formally, as clothing, food, etc.; especially: (a) The uniform clothing issued by feudal superiors to their retainers and serving as a badge when in military service. (b) The peculiar dress by which the servants of a nobleman or gentleman are distinguished; as, a claret-colored livery. (c) Hence, also, the peculiar dress or garb appropriated by any association or body of persons to their own use; as, the livery of the London tradesmen, of a priest, of a charity school, etc.; also, the whole body or company of persons wearing such a garb, and entitled to the privileges of the association; as, the whole livery of London. A Haberdasher and a Carpenter, A Webbe, a Dyer, and a Tapicer, And they were clothed all in one livery Of a solempne and a gret fraternite. Chaucer. From the periodical deliveries of these characteristic articles of servile costume (blue coats) came our word livery. De Quincey.

(d) Hence, any characteristic dress or outward appearance. " April's livery." Sir P. Sidney. Now came still evening on, and twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad. Milton.

(e) An allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to servants, to horses, etc. The emperor's officers every night went through the town from house to house whereat any English gentleman did repast or lodge, and served their liveries for all night: first, the officers brought into the house a cast of fine manchet [white bread], and of silver two great post, and white wine, and sugar. Cavendish.

(f) The feeding, stabling, and care of horses for compensation; boarding; as, to keep one's horses at livery. What livery is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely, that is, allowance of horse meat, as to keep horses at livery, the which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly food. Spenser. It need hardly be observed that the explanation of livery which Spenser offers is perfectly correct, but . . . it is no longer applied to the ration or stated portion of food delivered at stated periods. Trench.

(g) The keeping of horses in readiness to be hired temporarily for riding or driving; the state of being so kept. Pegasus does not stand at livery even at the largest establishment in Moorfields. Lowell.

4. A low grade of wool. Livery gown, the gown worn by a liveryman in London.

LIVERY Liv"er*y, v. t.

Defn: To clothe in, or as in, livery. Shak.

LIVERYMAN Liv"er*y*man, n.; pl. Liverymen (.

1. One who wears a livery, as a servant.

2. A freeman of the city, in London, who, having paid certain fees, is entitled to wear the distinguishing dress or livery of the company to which he belongs, and also to enjoy certain other privileges, as the right of voting in an election for the lord mayor, sheriffs, chamberlain, etc.

3. One who keeps a livery stable.

LIVERY STABLE Liv"er*y sta`ble

Defn: . A stable where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling is provided. See Livery, n., 3 (e) (f) & (g).

LIVES Lives, n.;

Defn: pl. of Life.

LIVES Lives, a. & adv. Etym: [Orig. a genitive sing. of life.]

Defn: Alive; living; with life. [Obs.] " Any lives creature." Chaucer.

LIVID Liv"id, a. Etym: [L. lividus, from livere to be of a blush color, to be black and blue: cf. F. livide.]

Defn: Black and blue; grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, as flesh by contusion. Cowper. There followed no carbuncles, no purple or livid spots, the mass of the blood not being tainted. Bacon.

LIVIDITY Li*vid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lividité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being livid.

LIVIDNESS Liv"id*ness, n.

Defn: Lividity. Walpole.

LIVING Liv"ing, a. Etym: [From Live, v. i.]

1. Being alive; having life; as, a living creature.

2. Active; lively; vigorous; — said esp. of states of the mind , and sometimes of abstract things; as, a living faith; a living principle. " Living hope. " Wyclif.

3. Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as, a living spring; — opposed to stagnant.

4. Producing life, action, animation, or vigor; quickening. " Living light." Shak.

5. Ignited; glowing with heat; burning; live. Then on the living coals wine they pour. Dryden. Living force. See Vis viva, under Vis. — Living gale (Naut.), a heavy gale. Living rock or stone, rock in its native or original state or location; rock not quarried. " I now found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the steps of which were cut of the living rock." Moore. — The living, those who are alive, or one who is alive.

LIVING Liv"ing, n.

1. The state of one who, or that which, lives; lives; life; existence. "Health and living." Shak.

2. Manner of life; as, riotous living; penurious living; earnest living. " A vicious living." Chaucer.

3. Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate. She can spin for her living. Shak. He divided unto them his living. Luke xv. 12.

4. Power of continuing life; the act of living, or living comfortably. There is no living without trusting somebody or other in some cases. L' Estrange.

5. The benefice of a clergyman; an ecclesiastical charge which a minister receives. [Eng.] He could not get a deanery, a prebend, or even a living Macaulay. Livng room, the room most used by the family.

LIVINGLY Liv"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a living state. Sir T. Browne.

LIVINGNESS Liv"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being alive; possession of energy or vigor; animation; quickening.

LIVING PICTURE Liv"ing pic"ture.

Defn: A tableau in which persons take part; also, specif., such a tableau as imitating a work of art.

LIVONIAN Li*vo"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Livonia, a district of Russia near the Baltic Sea.

LIVONIAN Li*vo"ni*an, n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Livonia; the language (allied to the Finnish) of the Livonians.

LIVOR Li"vor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Malignity. [P.] Burton.

LIVRAISON Li`vrai`son", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. liberatio a setting free, in LL., a delivering up. See Liberation.]

Defn: A part of a book or literary composition printed and delivered by itself; a number; a part.

LIVRE Li"vre, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. libra a pound of twelve ounces. Cf. Lira.]

Defn: A French money of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20 sous. It is not now in use, having been superseded by the franc.

LIXIVIAL Lix*iv"i*al, a. Etym: [L. lixivius, fr. lix ashes, lye ashes, lye: cf. F. lixiviel.]

1. Impregnated with, or consisting of, alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; impregnated with a salt or salts like a lixivium. Boyle.

2. Of the color of lye; resembling lye.

3. Having the qualities of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes. Lixivial salts (Old Chem.), salts which are obtained by passing water through ashes, or by pouring it on them.

LIXIVIATE; LIXIVITED Lix*iv"i*ate, Lix*iv"i*`ted, a. Etym: [From Lixivium.]

1. Of or pertaining to lye or lixivium; of the quality of alkaline salts.

2. Impregnated with salts from wood ashes. Boyle.

LIXIVIATE Lix*iv"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lixiviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Lixiviating.]

Defn: To subject to a washing process for the purpose of separating soluble material from that which is insoluble; to leach, as ashes, for the purpose of extracting the alkaline substances.

LIXIVIATION Lix*iv`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lixiviation.]

Defn: Lixiviating; the process of separating a soluble substance form one that is insoluble, by washing with some solvent, as water; leaching.

LIXIVIOUS Lix*iv"i*ous, a.

Defn: See Lixivial.

LIXIVIUM Lix*iv"i*um, n. Etym: [L. lixivium, lixivia. See Lixivial.]

Defn: A solution of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; hence, any solution obtained by lixiviation.

LIXT Lixt, obs.

Defn: 2d pers. sing. pres. of Lige, to lie, to tell lies, — contracted for ligest. Chaucer.

LIZA Li"za, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American white mullet (Mugil curema).

LIZARD Liz"ard, n. Etym: [OE. lesarde, OF. lesarde, F. lézard, L. lacerta, lacertus. Cf. Alligator, Lacerta.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other orders, as the Hatteria.

Note: Most lizards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; most have eyelids, but some do not. The tongue is varied in form and structure. In some it is forked, in others, as the chameleons, club-shaped, and very extensible. See Amphisbæna, Chameleon, Gecko, Gila monster, Horned toad, Iguana, and Dragon, 6.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of rope with thimble or block spliced into one or both of the ends. R. H. Dana, Ir.

3. A piece of timber with a forked end, used in dragging a heavy stone, a log, or the like, from a field. Lizard fish (Zoöl.), a marine scopeloid fish of the genus Synodus, or Saurus, esp. S. foetens of the Southern United States and West Indies; — called also sand pike. — Lizard snake (Zoöl.), the garter snake (Eutænia sirtalis). — Lizard stone (Min.), a kind of serpentine from near Lizard Point, Cornwall, England, — used for ornamental purposes.

LIZARD'S TAIL Liz"ard's tail`. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant of the genus Saururus (S. cernuus), growing in marshes, and having white flowers crowded in a slender terminal spike, somewhat resembling in form a lizard's tail; whence the name. Gray.

LLAMA Lla"ma, n. Etym: [Peruv.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American ruminant (Auchenia llama), allied to the camels, but much smaller and without a hump. It is supposed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco. It was formerly much used as a beast of burden in the Andes.

LLANDEILO GROUP Llan*dei"lo group`. (Geol.)

Defn: A series of strata in the lower Silurian formations of Great Britain; — so named from Llandeilo in Southern Wales. See Chart of Geology.

LLANERO Lla*ne"ro, n. Etym: [Sp. Amer.]

Defn: One of the inhabitants of the llanos of South America.

LLANO Lla"no, n.; pl. Llanos. Etym: [Sp., plain even, level. See Plain.]

Defn: An extensive plain with or without vegetation. [Spanish America]

LLOYD'S Lloyd's, n.

1. An association of underwriters and others in London, for the collection and diffusion of marine intelligence, the insurance, classification, registration, and certifying of vessels, and the transaction of business of various kinds connected with shipping.

2. A part of the Royal Exchange, in London, appropriated to the use of underwriters and insurance brokers; — called also Lloyd's Rooms.

Note: The name is derived from Lloyd's Coffee House, in Lombard Street, where there were formerly rooms for the same purpose. The name Lloyd or Lloyd's has been taken by several associations, in different parts of Europe, established for purposes similar to those of the original association. Lloyd's agents, persons employed in various parts of the world, by the association called Lloyd's, to serve its interests. — Lloyd's list, a publication of the latest news respecting shipping matters, with lists of vessels, etc., made under the direction of Lloyd's. Brande & C. — Lloyd's register, a register of vessels rated according to their quality, published yearly.

LO Lo, interj. Etym: [OE. lo, low; perh. akin to E. look, v.]

Defn: Look; see; behold; observe. " Lo, here is Christ." Matt. xxiv. 23. " Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." Acts xiii. 46.

LOACH Loach, n. Etym: [OE. loche, F. loche.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small, fresh-water, cyprinoid fishes of the genera Cobitis, Nemachilus, and allied genera, having six or more barbules around the mouth. They are found in Europe and Asia. The common European species (N. barbatulus) is used as a food fish.

LOAD Load, n. Etym: [OE. lode load, way; properly the same word as lode, but confused with lade, load, v. See Lade, Lead, v., Lode.]

1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; that which is borne or sustained; a weight; as, a heavy load. He might such a load To town with his ass carry. Gower.

2. The quantity which can be carried or drawn in some specified way; the contents of a cart, barrow, or vessel; that which will constitute a cargo; lading.

3. That which burdens, oppresses, or grieves the mind or spirits; as, a load of care. " A . . . load of guilt." Ray. " Our life's a load." Dryden.

4. A particular measure for certain articles, being as much as may be carried at one time by the conveyance commonly used for the article measured; as, a load of wood; a load of hay; specifically, five quarters.

5. The charge of a firearm; as, a load of powder.

6. Weight or violence of blows. [Obs.] Milton.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: The work done by a steam engine or other prime mover when working. Load line, or Load water line (Naut.), the line on the outside of a vessel indicating the depth to which it sinks in the water when loaded.

Syn. — Burden; lading; weight; cargo. See Burden.

LOAD Load, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Loading. Loaden is obsolete, and laden belongs to lade.]

1. To lay a load or burden on or in, as on a horse or in a cart; to charge with a load, as a gun; to furnish with a lading or cargo, as a ship; hence, to add weight to, so as to oppress or embarrass; to heap upon. I strive all in vain to load the cart. Gascoigne. I have loaden me with many spoils. Shak. Those honors deep and broad, wherewith Your majesty loads our house. Shak.

2. To adulterate or drug; as, to load wine. [Cant]

3. To magnetize.[Obs.] Prior. Loaded dice, dice with one side made heavier than the others, so that the number on the opposite side will come up oftenest.

LOADER Load"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, loads; a mechanical contrivance for loading, as a gun.

LOADING Load"ing, n.

1. The act of putting a load on or into.

2. A load; cargo; burden. Shak.

LOADMANAGE; LODEMANAGE Load"man*age, Lode"man*age, n.

Defn: Pilotage; skill of a pilot or loadsman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOADSMAN; LODESMAN Loads"man, Lodes"man, n. Etym: [Load, lode + man. See Lode.]

Defn: A pilot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOADSTAR; LODESTAR Load"star`, Lode"star`, n. Etym: [Load, lode + star. See Lode.]

Defn: A star that leads; a guiding star; esp., the polestar; the cynosure. Chaucer. " Your eyes are lodestars." Shak. The pilot can no loadstar see. Spenser.

LOADSTONE; LODESTONE Load"stone`, Lode"stone, n. Etym: [Load, lode + stone.] (Min.)

Defn: A piece of magnetic iron ore possessing polarity like a magnetic needle. See Magnetite.

LOAF Loaf, n.; pl. Loaves. Etym: [OE. lof, laf, AS. hlaf; akin to G. laib, OHG. hleip, Icel. hleifr, Goth. hlaifs, Russ. khlieb', Lith. klëpas. Cf. Lady, Lammas, Lord.]

Defn: Any thick lump, mass, or cake; especially, a large regularly shaped or molded mass, as of bread, sugar, or cake. Bacon. Loaf sugar, refined sugar that has been formed into a conical loaf in a mold.

LOAF Loaf, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loafed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loafing.] Etym: [G. laufen to run, Prov. G. loofen. See Leap.]

Defn: To spend time in idleness; to lounge or loiter about. " Loafing vagabonds." W. Black.

LOAF Loaf, v. t.

Defn: To spend in idleness; — with away; as, to loaf time away.

LOAFER Loaf"er, n. Etym: [G. läufer a runner, Prov. G. laufer, lofer, fr. laufen to run. See Leap.]

Defn: One who loafs; a lazy lounger. Lowell.

LOAM Loam, n. Etym: [AS. lam; akin to D. leem, G. lehm, and E. lime. See 4th Lime.]

1. A kind of soil; an earthy mixture of clay and sand, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due. We wash a wall of loam; we labor in vain. Hooker.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A mixture of sand, clay, and other materials, used in making molds for large castings, often without a pattern. Loam mold (Founding), a mold made with loam. See Loam, n., 2. — Loam molding, the process or business of making loam molds. Loam plate, an iron plate upon which a section of a loam mold rests, or from which it is suspended. — Loam work, loam molding or loam molds.

LOAM Loam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loaming.]

Defn: To cover, smear, or fill with loam.

LOAMY Loam"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of loam; partaking of the nature of loam; resembling loam. Bacon.

LOAN Loan, n. Etym: [See Lawn.]

Defn: A loanin. [Scot.]

LOAN Loan, n. Etym: [OE. lone, lane, AS. lan, læn, fr. león to lend; akin to D. leen loan, fief, G. lehen fief, Icel. lan, G. leihen to lend, OHG. lihan, Icel. lji, Goth. leihwan, L. linquere to leave, Gr. ric. Delinquent, Eclipse, Eleven, Ellipse, Lend, License, Relic.]

1. The act of lending; a lending; permission to use; as, the loan of a book, money, services.

2. That which one lends or borrows, esp. a sum of money lent at interest; as, he repaid the loan. Loan office. (a) An office at which loans are negotiated, or at which the accounts of loans are kept, and the interest paid to the lender. (b) A pawnbroker's shop.

LOAN Loan, n. t. [imp. & p. p. Loaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Loaning.]

Defn: To lend; — sometimes with out. Kent. By way of location or loaning them out. J. Langley (1644).

LOANABLE Loan"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be lent; available for lending; as, loanable funds; — used mostly in financial business and writings.

LOANIN; LOANING Loan"in, Loan"ing, n. Etym: [From Scotch loan, E. lawn.]

Defn: An open space between cultivated fields through which cattle are driven, and where the cows are sometimes milked; also, a lane. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

LOANMONGER Loan"mon`ger, n.

Defn: A dealer in, or negotiator of, loans. The millions of the loanmonger. Beaconsfield.

LOATH Loath, a. Etym: [OE. looth, loth, AS. la hostile, odious; akin to OS. l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. lidan to suffer, go, cf. AS. li to go, Goth. leipan, and E. lead to guide.]

1. Hateful; odious; disliked. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Filled with disgust or aversion; averse; unwilling; reluctant; as, loath to part. Full loth were him to curse for his tithes. Chaucer . Why, then, though loath, yet must I be content. Shak.

LOATHE Loathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Loathing.] Etym: [AS. la to hate. See Loath.]

1. To feel extreme disgust at, or aversion for. Loathing the honeyed cakes, I Ionged for bread. Cowley.

2. To dislike greatly; to abhor; to hate. The secret which I loathe. Waller. She loathes the vital sir. Dryden.

Syn. — To hate; abhor; detest; abominate. See Hate.

LOATHE Loathe, v. i.

Defn: To feel disgust or nausea. [Obs.]

LOATHER Loath"er, n.

Defn: One who loathes.

LOATHFUL Loath"ful, a.

1. Full of loathing; hating; abhorring. "Loathful eyes." Spenser.

2. Causing a feeling of loathing; disgusting. Above the reach of loathful, sinful lust. Spenser.

LOATHING Loath"ing, n.

Defn: Extreme disgust; a feeling of aversion, nausea, abhorrence, or detestation. The mutual fear and loathing of the hostile races. Macaulay.

LOATHINGLY Loath"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With loathing.

LOATHLINESS Loath"li*ness, n.

Defn: Loathsomeness. [Obs.]

LOATHLY Loath"ly, a. Etym: [AS. la.]

Defn: Loathsome. [Obs.] " Loathly mouth." Spenser.

LOATHLY Loath"ly, adv.

1. Unwillingly; reluctantly. This shows that you from nature loathly stray. Donne.

2. ( [Obs.] With dust and blood his locks were loathly dight. Fairfax.

LOATHNESS Loath"ness, n.

Defn: Unwillingness; reluctance. A general silence and loathness to speak. Bacon.

LOATHSOME Loath"some, a.

Defn: Fitted to cause loathing; exciting disgust; disgusting. The most loathsome and deadly forms of infection. Macaulay. — Loath"some*ly. adv. — Loath"some*ness, n.

LOATHY Loath"y, a.

Defn: Loathsome. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOAVES Loaves, n.;

Defn: pl. of Loaf.

LOB Lob, n. Etym: [W. llob an unwieldy lump, a dull fellow, a blockhead. Cf. Looby, Lubber.]

1. A dull, heavy person. " Country lobs." Gauden.

2. Something thick and heavy.

LOB Lob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Lobbing.]

Defn: To let fall heavily or lazily. And their poor jades Lob down their heads. Shak. To lob a ball (Lawn Tennis), to strike a ball so as to send it up into the air.

LOB Lob, v. t. (Mining)

Defn: See Cob, v. t.

LOB Lob, n. Etym: [Dan. lubbe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European pollock.

LOBAR Lo"bar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a lobe; characterized by, or like, a lobe or lobes.

LOBATE; LOBATED Lo"bate, Lo"ba*ted, a. Etym: [See Lobe.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or having, lobes; lobed; as, a lobate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Having lobes; — said of the tails of certain fishes having the integument continued to the bases of the fin rays. (b) Furnished with membranous flaps, as the toes of a coot. See Illust. (m) under Aves.

LOBATELY Lo"bate*ly, adv.

Defn: As a lobe; so as to make a lobe; in a lobate manner.

LOBBISH Lob"bish, a.

Defn: Like a lob; consisting of lobs. Sir. P. Sidney.

LOBBY Lob"by, n.; pl. Lobbies. Etym: [LL. lobium, lobia, laubia, a covered portico fit for walking, fr. OHG.louba, G. laube, arbor. See Lodge.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A passage or hall of communication, especially when large enough to serve also as a waiting room. It differs from an antechamber in that a lobby communicates between several rooms, an antechamber to one only; but this distinction is not carefully preserved.

2. That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly; hence, the persons, collectively, who frequent such a place to transact business with the legislators; any persons, not members of a legislative body, who strive to influence its proceedings by personal agency. [U.S.]

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck.

4. (Agric.)

Defn: A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges. trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard. Lobby member, a lobbyist. [Humorous cant, U. S.]

LOBBY Lob"by, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lobbied; p. pr. & vb. n. Lobbying.]

Defn: To address or solicit members of a legislative body in the lobby or elsewhere, with the purpose to influence their votes.[U.S.] Bartlett.

LOBBY Lob"by, v. t.

Defn: To urge the adoption or passage of by soliciting members of a legislative body; as, to lobby a bill. [U.S.]

LOBBYIST Lob"by*ist, n.

Defn: A member of the lobby; a person who solicits members of a legislature for the purpose of influencing legislation. [U.S.]

LOBCOCK Lob"cock`, n.

Defn: A dull, sluggish person; a lubber; a lob. [Low]

LOBE Lobe, n. Etym: [F. lobe, Gr.

Defn: Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat rounded form; as: (a) (Bot.) A rounded projection or division of a leaf. Gray. (b)(Zoöl.)

Defn: A membranous flap on the sides of the toes of certain birds, as the coot. (c) (Anat.) A round projecting part of an organ, as of the liver, lungs, brain, etc. See Illust. of Brain. (b) (Mach.) The projecting part of a cam wheel or of a non-circular gear wheel. Lobe of the ear, the soft, fleshy prominence in which the human ear terminates below. See. Illust. of Ear.

LOBED Lobed, a.

Defn: Having lobes; lobate.

LOBEFOOT Lobe"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird having lobate toes; esp., a phalarope.

LOBE-FOOTED Lobe"-foot`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lobiped.

LOBELET Lobe"let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small lobe; a lobule.

LOBELIA Lo*be"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called from Lobel, botanist to King James I.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including a great number of species. Lobelia inflata, or Indian tobacco, is an annual plant of North America, whose leaves contain a poisonous white viscid juice, of an acrid taste. It has often been used in medicine as an emetic, expectorant, etc. L. cardinalis is the cardinal flower, remarkable for the deep and vivid red color of its flowers.

LOBELIACEOUS Lo*be`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants of which the genus Lobelia is the type.

LOBELIN Lo*be"lin, n. (Med.)

Defn: A yellowish green resin from Lobelia, used as an emetic and diaphoretic.

LOBELINE Lo*be"line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous narcotic alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) as a yellow oil, having a tobaccolike taste and odor.

LOBIPED Lo"bi*ped, a. Etym: [Lobe + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having lobate toes, as a coot.

LOBLOLLY Lob"lol`ly, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Gruel; porridge; — so called among seamen. Loblolly bay (Bot.), an elegant white-flowered evergreen shrub or small tree, of the genus Gordonia (G. Lasianthus), growing in the maritime parts of the Southern United States. Its bark is sometimes used in tanning. Also, a similar West Indian tree (Laplacea hæmatoxylon). — Loblolly boy, a surgeon's attendant on shipboard. Smollett. — Loblolly pine (Bot.), a kind of pitch pine found from Delaware southward along the coast; old field pine (Pinus Tæda). Also, P. Bahamensis, of the West Indies. — Loblolly tree (Bot.), a name of several West Indian trees, having more or less leathery foliage, but alike in no other respect; as Pisonia subcordata, Cordia alba, and Cupania glabra.

LOBOSA Lo*bo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Lobe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Rhizopoda, in which the pseudopodia are thick and irregular in form, as in the Amoeba.

LOBSCOUSE Lob"scouse`, n. Etym: [Written also lobscourse from which lobscouse is corrupted.] Etym: [Lob + course.] (Naut.)

Defn: A combination of meat with vegetables, bread, etc., usually stewed, sometimes baked; an olio.

LOBSIDED Lob"sid`ed, a.

Defn: See Lopsided.

LOBSPOUND Lobs"pound`, n. Etym: [Lob + pound a prison.]

Defn: A prison. [Obs.] Hudibras.

LOBSTER Lob"ster, n. Etym: [AS. loppestre, lopystre prob., corrupted fr. L. locusta a marine shellfish, a kind of lobster, a locust. Cf. Locust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large macrurous crustacean used as food, esp. those of the genus Homarus; as the American lobster (H. Americanus), and the European lobster (H. vulgaris). The Norwegian lobster (Nephrops Norvegicus) is similar in form. All these have a pair of large unequal claws. The spiny lobsters of more southern waters, belonging to Palinurus, Panulirus, and allied genera, have no large claws. The fresh-water crayfishes are sometimes called lobsters. Lobster caterpillar (Zoöl.), the caterpillar of a European bombycid moth (Stauropus fagi); — so called from its form. Lobster louse (Zoöl.), a copepod crustacean (Nicothoë astaci) parasitic on the gills of the European lobster.

LOBULAR Lob"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lobulaire.]

Defn: Like a lobule; pertaining to a lobule or lobules.

LOBULATE; LOBULATED Lob"u*late, Lob"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Made up of, or divided into, lobules; as, a lobulated gland.

LOBULE Lob"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. lobule, dim. of lobe. See Lobe.]

Defn: A small lobe; a subdivision of a lobe. Lobule of the ear. (Anat.) Same as Lobe of the ear.

LOBULETTE Lob`u*lette", n. Etym: [Dim. of lobule.] (Anat.)

Defn: A little lobule, or subdivision of a lobule.

LOBWORM Lob"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lugworm.

LOCAL Lo"cal, a. Etym: [L. localis, fr. locus place: cf. F. local. See Lieu, Locus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a particular place, or to a definite region or portion of space; restricted to one place or region; as, a local custom. Gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak. Local actions (Law), actions such as must be brought in a particular county, where the cause arises; — distinguished from transitory actions. — Local affection (Med.), a disease or ailment confined to a particular part or organ, and not directly affecting the system. — Local attraction (Magnetism), an attraction near a compass, causing its needle to deviate from its proper direction, especially on shipboard. — Local battery (Teleg.), the battery which actuates the recording instruments of a telegraphic station, as distinguished from the battery furnishing a current for the line. — Local circuit (Teleg.), the circuit of the local battery. — Local color. (a) (Paint.) The color which belongs to an object, and is not caused by accidental influences, as of reflection, shadow, etc. (b) (Literature) Peculiarities of the place and its inhabitants where the scene of an action or story is laid. — Local option, the right or obligation of determining by popular vote within certain districts, as in each county, city, or town, whether the sale of alcoholic beverages within the district shall be allowed.

LOCAL Lo"cal, n.

1. (Railroad)

Defn: A train which receives and deposits passengers or freight along the line of the road; a train for the accommodation of a certain district. [U.S.]

2. On newspaper cant, an item of news relating to the place where the paper is published. [U.S.]

LOCALE Lo`cale", n. Etym: [F. local.]

1. A place, spot, or location.

2. A principle, practice, form of speech, or other thing of local use, or limited to a locality.

LOCALISM Lo"cal*ism, n.

1. The state or quality of being local; affection for a particular place.

2. A method of speaking or acting peculiar to a certain district; a local idiom or phrase.

LOCALITY Lo*cal"i*ty, n.; pl. Localitiees (. Etym: [L. localitas: cf. F. localité.]

1. The state, or condition, of belonging to a definite place, or of being contained within definite limits. It is thought that the soul and angels are devoid of quantity and dimension, and that they have nothing to do with grosser locality. Glanvill.

2. Position; situation; a place; a spot; esp., a geographical place or situation, as of a mineral or plant.

3. Limitation to a county, district, or place; as, locality of trial. Blackstone.

4. (Phren.)

Defn: The perceptive faculty concerned with the ability to remember the relative positions of places.

LOCALIZATION Lo`cal*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. localisation.]

Defn: Act of localizing, or state of being localized. Cerebral localization (Physiol.), the localization of the control of special functions, as of sight or of the various movements of the body, in special regions of the brain.

LOCALIZE Lo"cal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Localized; p. pr. & vb. n. Localizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. localiser. See Local.]

Defn: To make local; to fix in, or assign to, a definite place. H. Spencer. Wordsworth.

LOCALLY Lo"cal*ly, adv.

Defn: With respect to place; in place; as, to be locally separated or distant.

LOCATE Lo"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Located; p. pr. & vb. n. Locating.] Etym: [L. locatus, p. p. of locare to place, fr. locus place. See Local.]

1. To place; to set in a particular spot or position. The captives and emigrants whom he brought with him were located in the trans-Tiberine quarter. B. F. Westcott.

2. To designate the site or place of; to define the limits of; as, to locate a public building; to locate a mining claim; to locate (the land granted by) a land warrant. That part of the body in which the sense of touch is located. H. Spencer.

LOCATE Lo"cate, v. i.

Defn: To place one's self; to take up one's residence; to settle. [Colloq.]

LOCATION Lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. locatio, fr. locare.]

1. The act or process of locating.

2. Situation; place; locality. Locke.

3. That which is located; a tract of land designated in place. [U.S.]

4. (Law) (a) (Civil Law) A leasing on rent. (b) (Scots Law) A contract for the use of a thing, or service of a person, for hire. Wharton. (c) (Amer. Law)

Defn: The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying the place or site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in an entry, plan, map, etc. Burrill. Bouvier.

LOCATIVE Loc"a*tive, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Indicating place, or the place where, or wherein; as, a locative adjective; locative case of a noun. — n.

Defn: The locative case.

LOCATOR Lo"ca*tor, n.

Defn: One who locates, or is entitled to locate, land or a mining claim. [U.S.]

LOCELLATE Lo*cel"late, a. Etym: [L. locellus a compartment, dim. of locus a place.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into secondary compartments or cells, as where one cavity is separated into several smaller ones.

LOCH Loch, n. Etym: [Gael. & Olr. loch. See Lake of water.]

Defn: A lake; a bay or arm of the sea. [Scot.]

LOCH Loch, n. Etym: [F. looch, Ar. la', an electuary, or any medicine which may be licked or sucked, fr. la' to lick.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of medicine to be taken by licking with the tongue; a lambative; a lincture.

LOCHABER AX; LOCHABER AXE Loch*a"ber ax", Loch*a"ber axe". Etym: [So called from Lochaber, in Scotland.]

Defn: A weapon of war, consisting of a pole armed with an axhead at its end, formerly used by the Scotch Highlanders.

LOCHAGE Loch"age, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An officer who commanded a company; a captain. Mitford.

LOCHAN Loch"an, n. Etym: [Gael. See 1st Loch.]

Defn: A small lake; a pond. [Scot.] A pond or lochan rather than a lake. H. Miller.

LOCHE Loche, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Loach.

LOCHIA Lo*chi"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The discharge from the womb and vagina which follows childbirth.

LOCHIAL Lo"chi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. lochial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lochia.

LOCK Lock, n. Etym: [AS. locc; akin to D. lok, G. locke, OHG. loc, Icel. lokkr, and perh. to Gr.

Defn: A tuft of hair; a flock or small quantity of wool, hay, or other like substance; a tress or ringlet of hair. These gray locks, the pursuivants of death. Shak.

LOCK Lock, n. Etym: [AS. loc inclosure, an inclosed place, the fastening of a door, fr. lucan to lock, fasten; akin to OS. lukan (in comp.), D. luiken, OHG. luhhan, Icel. l, Goth. lukan (in comp.); cf. Skr. ruj to break. Cf. Locket.]

1. Anything that fastens; specifically, a fastening, as for a door, a lid, a trunk, a drawer, and the like, in which a bolt is moved by a key so as to hold or to release the thing fastened.

2. A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable. Albemarle Street closed by a lock of carriages. De Quincey.

3. A place from which egress is prevented, as by a lock. Dryden.

4. The barrier or works which confine the water of a stream or canal.

5. An inclosure in a canal with gates at each end, used in raising or lowering boats as they pass from one level to another; — called also lift lock.

6. That part or apparatus of a firearm by which the charge is exploded; as, a matchlock, flintlock, percussion lock, etc.

7. A device for keeping a wheel from turning.

8. A grapple in wrestling. Milton. Detector lock, a lock containing a contrivance for showing whether it as has been tampered with. — Lock bay (Canals), the body of water in a lock chamber. — Lock chamber, the inclosed space between the gates of a canal lock. — Lock nut. See Check nut, under Check. — Lock plate, a plate to which the mechanism of a gunlock is attached. — Lock rail (Arch.), in ordinary paneled doors, the rail nearest the lock. Lock rand (Masonry), a range of bond stone. Knight. — Mortise lock, a door lock inserted in a mortise. — Rim lock, a lock fastened to the face of a door, thus differing from a mortise lock.

LOCK Lock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Locked; p. pr. & vb. n. Locking.]

1. To fasten with a lock, or as with a lock; to make fast; to prevent free movement of; as, to lock a door, a carriage wheel, a river, etc.

2. To prevent ingress or access to, or exit from, by fastening the lock or locks of; — often with up; as, to lock or lock up, a house, jail, room, trunk. etc.

3. To fasten in or out, or to make secure by means of, or as with, locks; to confine, or to shut in or out — often with up; as, to lock one's self in a room; to lock up the prisoners; to lock up one's silver; to lock intruders out of the house; to lock money into a vault; to lock a child in one's arms; to lock a secret in one's breast.

4. To link together; to clasp closely; as, to lock arms. " Lock hand in hand." Shak.

5. (Canals)

Defn: To furnish with locks; also, to raise or lower (a boat) in a lock.

6. (Fencing)

Defn: To seize, as the sword arm of an antagonist, by turning the left arm around it, to disarm him.

LOCK Lock, v. i.

Defn: To become fast, as by means of a lock or by interlacing; as, the door locks close. When it locked none might through it pass. Spenser. To lock into, to fit or slide into; as, they lock into each other. Boyle.

LOCKAGE Lock"age, n.

1. Materials for locks in a canal, or the works forming a lock or locks.

2. Toll paid for passing the locks of a canal.

3. Amount of elevation and descent made by the locks of a canal. The entire lock will be about fifty feet. De Witt Clinton.

LOCK-DOWN Lock"-down`, n.

Defn: A contrivance to fasten logs together in rafting; — used by lumbermen. [U.S.]

LOCKED-JAW Locked"-jaw`, n.

Defn: See Lockjaw.

LOCKEN Lock"en, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Lock. Chaucer.

LOCKEN Lock"en, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The globeflower (Trollius).

LOCKER Lock"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, locks.

2. A drawer, cupboard, compartment, or chest, esp. one in a ship, that may be closed with a lock. Chain locker (Naut.), a compartment in the hold of a vessel, for holding the chain cables. — Davy Jones's locker, or Davy's locker. See Davy Jones. — Shot locker, a compartment where shot are deposited. Totten.

LOCKET Lock"et, n. Etym: [F. loquet latch, dim. of OF. loc latch, lock; of German origin. See Lock a fastening.]

1. A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament.

2. A little case for holding a miniature or lock of hair, usually suspended from a necklace or watch chain.

LOCK HOSPITAL Lock" hos"pi*tal

Defn: . A hospital for the treatment of venereal diseases. [Eng.]

LOCKJAW Lock"jaw`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A contraction of the muscles of the jaw by which its motion is suspended; a variety of tetanus.

LOCKLESS Lock"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a lock.

LOCKMAN Lock"man, n.

Defn: A public executioner. [Scot.]

LOCKOUT Lock"out`, n.

Defn: The closing of a factory or workshop by an employer, usually in order to bring the workmen to satisfactory terms by a suspension of wages.

LOCKRAM Lock"ram, n. Etym: [F. locrenan, locronan; from Locronan, in Brittany, where it is said to have been made.]

Defn: A kind of linen cloth anciently used in England, originally imported from Brittany. Shak.

LOCKSMITH Lock"smith`, n.

Defn: An artificer whose occupation is to make or mend locks.

LOCK STEP Lock" step`

Defn: . A mode of marching by a body of men going one after another as closely as possible, in which the leg of each moves at the same time with the corresponding leg of the person before him.

LOCK STITCH Lock" stitch`

Defn: . A peculiar sort of stitch formed by the locking of two threads together, as in the work done by some sewing machines. See Stitch.

LOCKUP Lock"up`, n.

Defn: A place where persons under arrest are temporarily locked up; a watchhouse.

LOCK-WEIR Lock"-weir`, n.

Defn: A waste weir for a canal, discharging into a lock chamber.

LOCKY Lock"y, a.

Defn: Having locks or tufts. [R.] Sherwood.

LOCO Lo"co, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A direction in written or printed music to return to the proper pitch after having played an octave higher.

LOCO Lo"co, n. Etym: [Sp. loco insane.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Astragalus Hornii) growing in the Southwestern United States, which is said to poison horses and cattle, first making them insane. The name is also given vaguely to several other species of the same genus. Called also loco weed.

LOCO DISEASE Loco disease. (Veter.)

Defn: A chronic nervous affection of cattle, horses, and sheep, caused by eating the loco weed and characterized by a slow, measured gait, high step, glassy eyes with defective vision, delirium, and gradual emaciation.

LOCOFOCO Lo`co*fo"co, n. Etym: [Of uncertain etymol.; perh. for L. loco foci instead of fire; or, according to Bartlett, it was called so from a self-lighting cigar, with a match composition at the end, invented in 1834 by John Marck of New York, and called by him locofoco cigar, in imitation of the word locomotive, which by the uneducated was supposed to mean, self-moving.]

1. A friction match. [U.S.]

2. A nickname formerly given to a member of the Democratic party. [U.S.]

Note: The name was first applied, in 1834, to a portion of the Democratic party, because, at a meeting in Tammany Hall, New York, in which there was great diversity of sentiment, the chairman left his seat, and the lights were extinguished, for the purpose of dissolving the meeting; when those who were opposed to an adjournment produced locofoco matches, rekindled the lights, continued the meeting, and accomplished their object.

LOCOMOTION Lo`co*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. locus place + motio motion: cf. F. locomotion. See Local, and Motion.]

1. The act of moving from place to place. " Animal locomotion." Milton.

2. The power of moving from place to place, characteristic of the higher animals and some of the lower forms of plant life.

LOCOMOTIVE Lo"co*mo`tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. locomotif. See Locomotion.]

1. Moving from place to place; changing place, or able to change place; as, a locomotive animal.

2. Used in producing motion; as, the locomotive organs of an animal.

LOCOMOTIVE Lo"co*mo`tive, n.

Defn: A locomotive engine; a self-propelling wheel carriage, especially one which bears a steam boiler and one or more steam engines which communicate motion to the wheels and thus propel the carriage, — used to convey goods or passengers, or to draw wagons, railroad cars, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Consolidation locomotive, a locomotive having four pairs of connected drivers. — Locomotive car, a locomotive and a car combined in one vehicle; a dummy engine. [U.S.] — Locomotive engine. Same as Locomotive, above. — Mogul locomotive. See Mogul.

LOCOMOTIVENESS; LOCOMOTIVITY Lo"co*mo`tive*ness, Lo`co*mo*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. locomotivité.]

Defn: The power of changing place.

LOCOMOTOR Lo`co*mo"tor, a. Etym: [See Locomotion.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to movement or locomotion. Locomotor ataxia, or Progressive locomotor ataxy (Med.), a disease of the spinal cord characterized by peculiar disturbances of gait, and difficulty in coördinating voluntary movements.

LOCULAMENT Loc"u*la*ment, n. Etym: [L. loculamentum case, box, fr. loculus a compartment, dim. of locus place.] (Bot.)

Defn: The cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged.

LOCULAR Loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. locularis.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or relating to the cell or compartment of an ovary, etc.; in composition, having cells; as trilocular. Gray.

LOCULATE Loc"u*late, a. Etym: [L. loculatus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided into compartments.

LOCULE Loc"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. locule. See Loculus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A little hollow; a loculus.

LOCULICIDAL Loc"u*li*ci`dal, a. Etym: [L. loculus cell + caedere to cut: cf. F. loculicide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dehiscent through the middle of the back of each cell; — said of capsules.

LOCULOSE; LOCULOUS Loc"u*lose`, Loc"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. loculosus. See Loculament.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided by internal partitions into cells, as the pith of the pokeweed.

LOCULUS Loc"u*lus, n.; pl. Loculi. Etym: [L., little place, a compartment.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the spaces between the septa in the Anthozoa.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the compartments of a several-celled ovary; loculament.

LOCUM TENENS Lo"cum te"nens. Etym: [L., holding the place; locus place + tenens, p. pr. of tenere to hold. Cf. Lieutenant.]

Defn: A substitute or deputy; one filling an office for a time.

LOCUS Lo"cus, n.; pl. Loci, & Loca. Etym: [L., place. Cf. Allow, Couch, Lieu, Local.]

1. A place; a locality.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The line traced by a point which varies its position according to some determinate law; the surface described by a point or line that moves according to a given law. Plane locus, a locus that is a straight line, or a circle. — Solid locus, a locus that is one of the conic sections.

LOCUST Lo"cust, n. Etym: [L. locusta locust, grasshopper. Cf. Lobster.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of long-winged, migratory, orthopterous insects, of the family Acrididæ, allied to the grasshoppers; esp., (Edipoda, or Pachytylus, migratoria, and Acridium perigrinum, of Southern Europe, Asia, and Africa. In the United States the related species with similar habits are usually called grasshoppers. See Grasshopper.

Note: These insects are at times so numerous in Africa and the south of Asia as to devour every green thing; and when they migrate, they fly in an immense cloud. In the United States the harvest flies are improperly called locusts. See Cicada. Locust beetle (Zoöl.), a longicorn beetle (Cyllene robiniæ), which, in the larval state, bores holes in the wood of the locust tree. Its color is brownish black, barred with yellow. Called also locust borer. — Locust bird (Zoöl.) the rose-colored starling or pastor of India. See Pastor. — Locust hunter (Zoöl.), an African bird; the beefeater.

2. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: The locust tree. See Locust Tree (definition, note, and phrases). Locust bean (Bot.), a commercial name for the sweet pod of the carob tree.

LOCUSTA Lo*cus"ta, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. locuste.] (Bot.)

Defn: The spikelet or flower cluster of grasses. Gray.

LOCUSTELLA Lo`cus*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. locusta a locust.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European cricket warbler.

LOCUSTIC Lo*cus"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the locust; — formerly used to designate a supposed acid.

LOCUSTING Lo"cust*ing, p. a.

Defn: Swarming and devastating like locusts. [R.] Tennyson.

LOCUST TREE Lo"cust tree`. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large North American tree of the genus Robinia (R. Pseudacacia), producing large slender racemes of white, fragrant, papilionaceous flowers, and often cultivated as an ornamental tree. In England it is called acacia.

Note: The name is also applied to other trees of different genera, especially to those of the genus Hymenæa, of which H. Courbaril is a lofty, spreading tree of South America; also to the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), a tree growing in the Mediterranean region. Honey locust tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Gleditschia ) G. triacanthus), having pinnate leaves and strong branching thorns; — so called from a sweet pulp found between the seeds in the pods. Called also simply honey locust. — Water locust tree (Bot.), a small swamp tree (Gleditschia monosperma), of the Southern United States.

LOCUTION Lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. locutio, fr. loqui to speak: cf. F. locution. ]

Defn: Speech or discourse; a phrase; a form or mode of expression. " Stumbling locutions." G. Eliot. I hate these figures in locution, These about phrases forced by ceremony. Marston.

LOCUTORY Loc"u*to*ry, n.

Defn: A room for conversation; especially, a room in monasteries, where the monks were allowed to converse.

LODDE Lod"de, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The capelin.

LODE Lode, n. Etym: [AS. lad way, journey, fr. li\'eban to go. See Lead to guide, and cf. Load a burden.]

1. A water course or way; a reach of water. Down that long, dark lode . . . he and his brother skated home in triumph. C. Kingsley.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A metallic vein; any regular vein or course, whether metallic or not.

LODEMANAGE Lode"man*age, n. Etym: [OE. lodemenage. Chaucer.]

Defn: Pilotage. [Obs.]

LODE-SHIP Lode"-*ship`, n.

Defn: An old name for a pilot boat.

LODESMAN Lodes"man, n.

Defn: Same as Loadsman. [Obs.]

LODESTAR Lode"star`, n.

Defn: Same as Loadstar.

LODESTONE Lode"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Loadstone.

LODGE Lodge, n. Etym: [OE. loge, logge, F. loge, LL. laubia porch, gallery, fr. OHG. louba, G. laube, arbor, bower, fr. lab foliage. See Leaf, and cf. Lobby, Loggia.]

1. A shelter in which one may rest; as: (a) A shed; a rude cabin; a hut; as, an Indian's lodge. Chaucer. Their lodges and their tentis up they gan bigge [to build]. Robert of Brunne. O for a lodge in some vast wilderness! Cowper.

(b) A small dwelling house, as for a gamekeeper or gatekeeper of an estate. Shak. (c) A den or cave. (d) The meeting room of an association; hence, the regularly constituted body of members which meets there; as, a masonic lodge. (c) The chamber of an abbot, prior, or head of a college.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The space at the mouth of a level next the shaft, widened to permit wagons to pass, or ore to be deposited for hoisting; — called also platt. Raymond.

3. A collection of objects lodged together. The Maldives, a famous lodge of islands. De Foe.

4. A family of North American Indians, or the persons who usually occupy an Indian lodge, — as a unit of enumeration, reckoned from four to six persons; as, the tribe consists of about two hundred lodges, that is, of about a thousand individuals. Lodge gate, a park gate, or entrance gate, near the lodge. See Lodge, n., 1 (b).

LODGE Lodge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lodged; p. pr. & vb. n. Lodging.]

1. To rest or remain a lodge house, or other shelter; to rest; to stay; to abide; esp., to sleep at night; as, to lodge in York Street. Chaucer. Stay and lodge by me this night. Shak. Something holy lodges in that breast. Milton .

2. To fall or lie down, as grass or grain, when overgrown or beaten down by the wind. Mortimer.

3. To come to a rest; to stop and remain; as, the bullet lodged in the bark of a tree.

LODGE Lodge, v. t. Etym: [OE. loggen, OF. logier, F. loger. See Lodge, n. ]

1. To give shelter or rest to; especially, to furnish a sleeping place for; to harbor; to shelter; hence, to receive; to hold. Every house was proud to lodge a knight. Dryden. The memory can lodge a greater stone of images that all the senses can present at one time. Cheyne.

2. To drive to shelter; to track to covert. The deer is lodged; I have tracked her to her covert. Addison.

3. To deposit for keeping or preservation; as, the men lodged their arms in the arsenal.

4. To cause to stop or rest in; to implant. He lodged an arrow in a tender breast. Addison.

5. To lay down; to prostrate. Though bladed corn be lodged, and trees blown down. Shak. To lodge an information, to enter a formal complaint.

LODGEABLE Lodge"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logeable.]

1. That may be or can be lodged; as, so many persons are not lodgeable in this village.

2. Capable of affording lodging; fit for lodging in. [R.] " The lodgeable area of the earth." Jeffrey.

LODGED Lodged, a. (Her.)

Defn: Lying down; — used of beasts of the chase, as couchant is of beasts of prey.

LODGEMENT Lodge"ment, n.

Defn: See Lodgment.

LODGER Lodg"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, lodges; one who occupies a hired room in another's house.

LODGING Lodg"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, lodges.

2. A place of rest, or of temporary habitation; esp., a sleeping apartment; — often in the plural with a singular meaning. Gower. Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow. Pope.

3. Abiding place; harbor; cover. Fair bosom . . . the lodging of delight. Spenser. Lodging house, a house where lodgings are provided and let. — Lodging room, a room in which a person lodges, esp. a hired room.

LODGMENT Lodg"ment, n. [Written also lodgement.] Etym: [Cf. F. logement. See Lodge, v.]

1. The act of lodging, or the state of being lodged. Any particle which is of size enough to make a lodgment afterwards in the small arteries. Paley.

2. A lodging place; a room. [Obs.]

3. An accumulation or collection of something deposited in a place or remaining at rest.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: The occupation and holding of a position, as by a besieging party; an instrument thrown up in a captured position; as, to effect a lodgment.

LODICULE Lod"i*cule, n. Etym: [L. lodicula. dim, of lodix, lodicis, a coverlet: cf. F. lodicule.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the two or three delicate membranous scales which are next to the stamens in grasses.

LOELLINGITE Loel"ling*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Lölling, in Austria.] (Min.)

Defn: A tin-white arsenide of iron, isomorphous with arsenopyrite.

LOESS Loess, n. Etym: [G. löss.] (Geol.)

Defn: A quaternary deposit, usually consisting of a fine yellowish earth, on the banks of the Rhine and other large rivers.

LOEVEN'S LARVA Loev"en's lar"va. Etym: [Named after the Swedish zoölogist, S. F. Löven, who discovered it.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peculiar larva of Polygordius. See Polygordius.

LOFFE Loffe, v. i.

Defn: To laugh. [Obs.] Shak.

LOFT Loft, n. Etym: [Icel. lopt air, heaven, loft, upper room; akin to AS. lyft air, G. luft, Dan. loft loft, Goth. luftus air. Cf. Lift, v. & n. ]

Defn: That which is lifted up; an elevation. Hence, especially: (a) The room or space under a roof and above the ceiling of the uppermost story. (b) A gallery or raised apartment in a church, hall, etc.; as, an organ loft. (c) A floor or room placed above another; a story. Eutychus . . . fell down from the third loft. Acts xx. 9. On loft, aloft; on high. Cf. Onloft. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOFT Loft, a.

Defn: Lofty; proud. [R. & Obs.] Surrey.

LOFTER Loft"er, n. (Golf)

Defn: An iron club used in lofting the ball; — called also lofting iron.

LOFTILY Loft"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Lofty.]

Defn: In a lofty manner or position; haughtily.

LOFTINESS Loft"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being lofty.

LOFTING IRON Loft"ing iron. (Golf)

Defn: Same as Lofter.

LOFTY Loft"y, a. [Compar. Loftier; superl. Loftiest.] Etym: [From Loft.]

1. Lifted high up; having great height; towering; high. See lofty Lebanon his head advance. Pope.

2. Fig.: Elevated in character, rank, dignity, spirit, bearing, language, etc.; exalted; noble; stately; characterized by pride; haughty. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15. Lofty and sour to them that loved him not. Shak. Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme. Milton.

Syn. — Tall; high; exalted; dignified; stately; majestic; sublime; proud; haughty. See Tall.

LOG Log, n. Etym: [Heb. log.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing 2.37 gills. W. H. Ward.

LOG Log, n. Etym: [Icel. lag a felled tree, log; akin to E. lie. See Lie to lie prostrate.]

1. A bulky piece of wood which has not been shaped by hewing or sawing.

2. Etym: [Prob. the same word as in sense 1; cf. LG. log, lock, Dan. log, Sw. logg.] (Naut.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the rate of a ship's motion through the water.

Note: The common log consists of the log-chip, or logship, often exclusively called the log, and the log line, the former being commonly a thin wooden quadrant of five or six inches radius, loaded with lead on the arc to make it float with the point up. It is attached to the log line by cords from each corner. This line is divided into equal spaces, called knots, each bearing the same proportion to a mile that half a minute does to an hour. The line is wound on a reel which is so held as to let it run off freely. When the log is thrown, the log-chip is kept by the water from being drawn forward, and the speed of the ship is shown by the number of knots run out in half a minute. There are improved logs, consisting of a piece of mechanism which, being towed astern, shows the distance actually gone through by the ship, by means of the revolutions of a fly, which are registered on a dial plate.

3. Hence: The record of the rate of ship's speed or of her daily progress; also, the full nautical record of a ship's cruise or voyage; a log slate; a log book.

4. A record and tabulated statement of the work done by an engine, as of a steamship, of the coal consumed, and of other items relating to the performance of machinery during a given time.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave. Log board (Naut.), a board consisting of two parts shutting together like a book, with columns in which are entered the direction of the wind, course of the ship, etc., during each hour of the day and night. These entries are transferred to the log book. A folding slate is now used instead. — Log book, or Logbook (Naut.), a book in which is entered the daily progress of a ship at sea, as indicated by the log, with notes on the weather and incidents of the voyage; the contents of the log board. Log cabin, Log house, a cabin or house made of logs. — Log canoe, a canoe made by shaping and hollowing out a single log. — Log glass (Naut.), a small sandglass used to time the running out of the log line. — Log line (Naut.), a line or cord about a hundred and fifty fathoms long, fastened to the log-chip. See Note under 2d Log, n., 2. — Log perch (Zoöl.), an ethiostomoid fish, or darter (Percina caprodes); — called also hogfish and rockfish. — Log reel (Naut.), the reel on which the log line is wound. — Log slate. (Naut.) See Log board (above). — Rough log (Naut.), a first draught of a record of the cruise or voyage. — Smooth log (Naut.), a clean copy of the rough log. In the case of naval vessels this copy is forwarded to the proper officer of the government. — To heave the log (Naut.), to cast the log-chip into the water; also, the whole process of ascertaining a vessel's speed by the log.

LOG Log, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Logged; p. pr. & vb. n. Logging.] (Naut.)

Defn: , To enter in a ship's log book; as, to log the miles run. J. F. Cooper.

LOG Log, v. i.

1. To engage in the business of cutting or transporting logs for timber; to get out logs. [U.S.]

2. To move to and fro; to rock. [Obs.]

LOGAN Log"an, n.

Defn: A rocking or balanced stone. Gwill.

LOGAOEDIC Log`a*oed"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Pros.)

Defn: Composed of dactyls and trochees so arranged as to produce a movement like that of ordinary speech.

LOGARITHM Log"a*rithm, n. Etym: [Gr. logarithme.] (Math.)

Defn: One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier, of Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place of multiplication and division.

Note: The relation of logarithms to common numbers is that of numbers in an arithmetical series to corresponding numbers in a geometrical series, so that sums and differences of the former indicate respectively products and quotients of the latter; thus 0 1 2 3 4 Indices or logarithms 1 10 100 1000 10,000 Numbers in geometrical progression Hence, the logarithm of any given number is the exponent of a power to which another given invariable number, called the base, must be raised in order to produce that given number. Thus, let 10 be the base, then 2 is the logarithm of 100, because 102 = 100, and 3 is the logarithm of 1,000, because 103 = 1,000. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, the difference between a logarithm and the number ten. — Binary logarithms. See under Binary. — Common logarithms, or Brigg's logarithms, logarithms of which the base is 10; — so called from Henry Briggs, who invented them. — Gauss's logarithms, tables of logarithms constructed for facilitating the operation of finding the logarithm of the sum of difference of two quantities from the logarithms of the quantities, one entry of those tables and two additions or subtractions answering the purpose of three entries of the common tables and one addition or subtraction. They were suggested by the celebrated German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (died in 1855), and are of great service in many astronomical computations. — Hyperbolic, or Napierian, logarithms, those logarithms (devised by John Speidell, 1619) of which the base is 2.7182818; — so called from Napier, the inventor of logarithms. — Logistic or Proportionallogarithms., See under Logistic.

LOGARITHMETIC; LOGARITHMETICAL Log`a*rith*met"ic, Log"a*rith*met"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Logarithmic.

LOGARITHMETICALLY Log`a*rith*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Logarithmically.

LOGARITHMIC; LOGARITHMICAL Log`a*rith"mic, Log`a*rith"mic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logarithmique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms. Logarithmic curve (Math.), a curve which, referred to a system of rectangular coördinate axes, is such that the ordinate of any point will be the logarithm of its abscissa. — Logarithmic spiral, a spiral curve such that radii drawn from its pole or eye at equal angles with each other are in continual proportion. See Spiral.

LOGARITHMICALLY Log`a*rith"mic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By the use of logarithms.

LOG-CHIP Log"-chip`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A thin, flat piece of board in the form of a quadrant of a circle attached to the log line; — called also log-ship. See 2d Log, n., 2.

LOGCOCK Log"cock`, n.

Defn: The pileated woodpecker.

LOGE Loge, n. Etym: [F. See Lodge.]

Defn: A lodge; a habitation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOGGAN Log"gan, n.

Defn: See Logan.

LOGGAT Log"gat, n. Etym: [Also written logget.]

1. A small log or piece of wood. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. pl.

Defn: An old game in England, played by throwing pieces of wood at a stake set in the ground. [Obs.] Shak.

LOGGE Logge, n. & v.

Defn: See Lodge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOGGED Logged, a.

Defn: Made slow and heavy in movement; water-logged. Beaconsfield.

LOGGER Log"ger, n.

Defn: One engaged in logging. See Log, v. i. [U.S.] Lowell.

LOGGERHEAD Log"ger*head`, n. Etym: [Log + head.]

1. A blockhead; a dunce; a numskull. Shak. Milton.

2. A spherical mass of iron, with a long handle, used to heat tar.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An upright piece of round timber, in a whaleboat, over which a turn of the line is taken when it is running out too fast. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large marine turtle (Thalassochelys caretta, or caouana), common in the warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from Brazil to Cape Cod; — called also logger-headed turtle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus), similar to the butcher bird, but smaller. See Shrike. To be at loggerheads, To fall to loggerheads, or To go to loggerheads, to quarrel; to be at strife. L' Estrange.

LOGGERHEADED Log"ger*head`ed, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid. Shak. A rabble of loggerheaded physicians. Urquhart.

LOGGERHEADS Log"ger*heads`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The knapweed.

LOGGIA Log"gia, n. Etym: [It. See Lodge.] (Arch.)

Defn: A roofed open gallery. It differs from a veranda in being more architectural, and in forming more decidedly a part of the main edifice to which it is attached; from a porch, in being intended not for entrance but for an out-of-door sitting-room.

LOGGING Log"ging, n.

Defn: The business of felling trees, cutting them into logs, and transporting the logs to sawmills or to market.

LOGIC Log"ic, n. Etym: [OE. logike, F. logique, L. logica, logice, Gr. Legend.]

1. The science or art of exact reasoning, or of pure and formal thought, or of the laws according to which the processes of pure thinking should be conducted; the science of the formation and application of general notions; the science of generalization, judgment, classification, reasoning, and systematic arrangement; correct reasoning.

Logic is science of the laws of thought, as that is, of the necessary conditions to which thought, considered in itself, is subject. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: Logic is distinguished as pure and applied. " Pure logic is a science of the form, or of the formal laws, of thinking, and not of the matter. Applied logic teaches the application of the forms of thinking to those objects about which men do think. " Abp. Thomson.

2. A treatise on logic; as, Mill's Logic.

LOGICAL Log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. logique, L. logicus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to logic; used in logic; as, logical subtilties. Bacon.

2. According to the rules of logic; as, a logical argument or inference; the reasoning is logical. Prior.

3. Skilled in logic; versed in the art of thinking and reasoning; as, he is a logical thinker. Addison.

LOGICALITY Log`i*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Logicalness.

LOGICALLY Log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a logical manner; as, to argue logically.

LOGICALNESS Log"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being logical.

LOGICIAN Lo*gi"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. logicien.]

Defn: A person skilled in logic. Bacon. Each fierce logician still expelling Locke. Pope.

LOGICS Log"ics, n.

Defn: See Logic.

LOGISTIC; LOGISTICAL Lo*gis"tic, Lo*gis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. logistique.]

1. Logical. [Obs.] Berkeley.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Sexagesimal, or made on the scale of 60; as, logistic, or sexagesimal, arithmetic. Logistic, or Proportional, logarithms, certain logarithmic numbers used to shorten the calculation of the fourth term of a proportion of which one of the terms is a given constant quantity, commonly one hour, while the other terms are expressed in minutes and seconds; — not now used.

LOGISTICS Lo*gis"tics, n.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: That branch of the military art which embraces the details of moving and supplying armies. The meaning of the word is by some writers extended to include strategy. H. L. Scott.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A system of arithmetic, in which numbers are expressed in a scale of 60; logistic arithmetic.

LOGMAN Log"man, n.; pl. Logmen (.

Defn: A man who carries logs. Shak.

LOGODAEDALY Log`o*dæd"a*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. Logos, and Dædal.]

Defn: Verbal legerdemain; a playing with words. [R.] Coleridge.

LOGOGRAM Log"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A word letter; a phonogram, that, for the sake of brevity, represents a word; as, |, i. e., t, for it. Cf. Grammalogue.

LOGOGRAPHER Lo*gog"ra*pher, n.

1. A chronicler; one who writes history in a condensed manner with short simple sentences.

2. One skilled in logography.

LOGOGRAPHIC; LOGOGRAPHICAL Log`o*graph"ic, Log`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. logographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to logography.

LOGOGRAPHY Lo*gog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. logographie.]

1. A method of printing in which whole words or syllables, cast as single types, are used.

2. A mode of reporting speeches without using shorthand, — a number of reporters, each in succession, taking down three or four words. Brande & C.

LOGOGRIPH Log"o*griph, n. Etym: [Gr. logogriphe.]

Defn: A sort of riddle in which it is required to discover a chosen word from various combinations of its letters, or of some of its letters, which form other words; — thus, to discover the chosen word chatter form cat, hat, rat, hate, rate, etc. B. Jonson.

LOGOMACHIST Lo*gom"a*chist, n. Etym: [See Logomachy.]

Defn: One who contends about words.

LOGOMACHY Lo*gom"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. logomachie.]

1. Contention in words merely, or a contention about words; a war of words. The discussion concerning the meaning of the word " justification" . . . has largely been a mere logomachy. L. Abbott.

2. A game of word making.

LOGOMETRIC Log`o*met"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Serving to measure or ascertain chemical equivalents; stoichiometric. [R.]

LOGOS Log"os, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. A word; reason; speech. H. Bushell.

2. The divine Word; Christ.

LOGOTHETE Log"o*thete, Etym: [LL. logotheta, fr. Gr.

Defn: An accountant; under Constantine, an officer of the empire; a receiver of revenue; an administrator of a department.

LOGOTYPE Log"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Print.)

Defn: A single type, containing two or more letters; as, æ, Æ, fi, fl, ffl, etc. ; — called also ligature.

LOGROLL Log"roll`, v. i. & t.

Defn: To engage in logrolling; to accomplish by logrolling. [Political cant, U. S.]

LOGROLLER Log"roll`er, n.

Defn: One who engages in logrolling. [Political cant, U. S.] The jobbers and logrollers will all be against it. The. Nation.

LOGROLLING Log"roll`ing, n.

1. (Logging)

Defn: The act or process of rolling logs from the place where they were felled to the stream which floats them to the sawmill or to market. In this labor neighboring camps of loggers combine to assist each other in turn. Longfellow. [U.S.]

2. Hence: A combining to assist another in consideration of receiving assistance in return; — sometimes used of a disreputable mode of accomplishing political schemes or ends. [Cant, U.S.]

LOG-SHIP Log"-ship, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A part of the log. See Log-chip, and 2d Log, n., 2.

LOGWOOD Log"wood` n. Etym: [So called from being imported in logs.]

Defn: The heartwood of a tree (Hæmatoxylon Campechianum), a native of South America, It is a red, heavy wood, containing a crystalline substance called hæmatoxylin, and is used largely in dyeing. An extract from this wood is used in medicine as an astringent. Also called Campeachy wood, and bloodwood.

-LOGY -lo*gy. Etym: [Gr. Logic.]

Defn: A combining form denoting a discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science; as, theology, geology, biology, mineralogy.

LOGY Lo"gy, a. Etym: [From D. log.]

Defn: Heavy or dull in respect to motion or thought; as, a logy horse. [U.S.] Porcupines are . . . logy, sluggish creatures. C. H. Merriam.

LOHOCK Lo"hock, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Loch, a medicine.

LOIMIC Loi"mic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the plague or contagious disorders.

LOIN Loin, n. Etym: [OE. loine, OF. logne, F. longe, from (assumed) LL. lumbea, L. lumbus join. Cf. Lends, Lumbar, Nombles.]

Defn: That part of a human being or quadruped, which extends on either side of the spinal column between the hip bone and the false ribs. In human beings the loins are also called the reins. See Illust. of Beef.

LOIR Loir, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. glis, gliris.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large European dormouse (Myoxus glis).

LOITER Loi"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loitered; p. pr. & vb. n. Loitering.] Etym: [D. leuteren to delay, loiter; cf; Prov. G. lottern to be louse, lotter louse, slack, unsettled, vagrant, OHG. lotar.]

1. To be slow in moving; to delay; to linger; to be dilatory; to spend time idly; to saunter; to lag behind. Sir John, you loiter here too long. Shak. If we have loitered, let us quicken our pace. Rogers.

2. To wander as an idle vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn. — To linger; delay; lag; saunter; tarry.

LOITERER Loi"ter*er, n.

1. One who loiters; an idler.

2. An idle vagrant; a tramp. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

LOITERINGLY Loi"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a loitering manner.

LOK; LOKI Lok, Lo"ki, n. Etym: [Icel. Loki, perh. akin to lokka, locka to allure, entice.] (Scandinavian Myth.)

Defn: The evil deity, the author of all calamities and mischief, answering to the African of the Persians.

LOKAO Lo*ka"o, n.

Defn: A green vegetable dye imported from China.

LOKE Loke, n. Etym: [See Lock a fastening.]

Defn: A private path or road; also, the wicket or hatch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

LOKORYS Lok"o*rys, n.

Defn: Liquorice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LOLIGO Lo*li"go, n. Etym: [L., cuttle fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of cephalopods, including numerous species of squids, common on the coasts of America and Europe. They are much used for fish bait.

LOLL Loll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Lolling.] Etym: [Cf. Icel. lolla to act lazily, loll, lolla, laziness, OD. lollen to sit over the fire, and E. lull. Cf. Lill, Lull.]

1. To act lazily or indolently; to recline; to lean; to throw one's self down; to lie at ease. Void of care, he lolls supine in state. Dryden.

2. To hand extended from the mouth, as the tongue of an ox or a log when heated with labor or exertion. The triple porter of the Stygian seat, With lolling tongue, lay fawning at thy feet. Dryden .

3. To let the tongue hang from the mouth, as an ox, dog, or other animal, when heated by labor; as, the ox stood lolling in the furrow.

LOLL Loll, v. t.

Defn: To let hang from the mouth, as the tongue. Fierce tigers couched around and lolled their fawning tongues. Dryden.

LOLLARD Lol"lard, n. Etym: [LL. Lollardi, Lullardi, from Walter Lolhardus, a German; cf. LG. & D. lollen to mumble, to hum, sing in a murmuring strain; hence, OD. lollaerd a mumbler, i. e., of prayers or psalms, which was prob. the origin of the name. See Loll, Lull.] (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of a sect of early reformers in Germany. (b) One of the followers of Wyclif in England. [Called also Loller.] By Lollards all know the Wyclifities are meant, so called from Walter Lollardus, one of their teachers in Germany. Fuller.

LOLLARDISM; LOLLARDY Lol"lard*ism, Lol"lard*y, n.

Defn: The doctrines or principles of the Lollards.

LOLLER Loll"er, n. Etym: [See Loll.]

1. One who lolls.

2. An idle vagabond. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. A Lollard.

LOLLINGLY Loll"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a lolling manner. Buckle.

LOLLIPOP Lol"li*pop, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Prov. E. loll to soothe + pope a mixed liquor.]

Defn: A kind of sugar confection which dissolves easily in the mouth. Thackeray.

LOLLOP Lol"lop, v. i. Etym: [From Loll.]

Defn: To move heavily; to lounge or idle; to loll. [Law.] Charles Reade.

LOMA Lo"ma, n.; pl. Lomata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lobe; a membranous fringe or flap.

LOMATINOUS Lo*mat"i*nous, a. Etym: [See Loma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with lobes or flaps.

LOMBARD Lom"bard, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy.

LOMBARD Lom"bard, n. Etym: [F. lombard, fr. the Longobardi or Langobardi, i. e., Longbeards, a people of Northern Germany, west of the Elbe, and afterward in Northern Italy. See Long, and Beard, and cf. Lumber.]

1. A native or inhabitant of Lombardy.

2. A money lender or banker; — so called because the business of banking was first carried on in London by Lombards.

3. Same as Lombard-house. A Lombard unto this day signifying a bank for usury or pawns. Fuller.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A form of cannon formerly in use. Prescott. Lombard Street, the principal street in London for banks and the offices of note brokers; hence, the money market and interest of London.

LOMBARDEER Lom`bard*eer", n.

Defn: A pawnbroker. [Obs.] Howell.

LOMBARD-HOUSE; LOMBAR-HOUSE Lom"bard-house, Lom"bar-house`,Etym: [F. or D. lombard. See Lombard, n.]

1. A bank or a pawnbroker's shop.

2. A public institution for lending money to the poor at a moderate interest, upon articles deposited and pledged; — called also mont de piété.

LOMBARDIC Lom*bar"dic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Lombardy of the Lombards. Lombardic alphabet, the ancient alphabet derived from the Roman, and employed in the manuscript of Italy. — Lombardic architecture, the debased Roman style of architecture as found in parts of Northern Italy. F. G. Lee. Lombardy poplar. (Bot.) See Poplar.

LOMENT Lo"ment, n. Etym: [L. lomentum a mixture of bean meal and rice, used as a cosmetic wash, bean meal, fr. lavare, lotum, to wash.] (Bot.)

Defn: An elongated pod, consisting, like the legume, of two valves, but divided transversely into small cells, each containing a single seed.

LOMENTACEOUS Lo`men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [From Loment.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of the nature of a loment; having fruits like loments.

LOMONITE Lom"o*nite, n.

Defn: Same as Laumontite.

LOMPISH Lomp"ish, a.

Defn: Lumpish. [Obs.] Spenser.

LOND Lond, n.

Defn: Land. [Obs.] Chaucer.

LONDON Lon"don, n.

Defn: The capital city of England. London paste (Med.), a paste made of caustic soda and unslacked lime; — used as a caustic to destroy tumors and other morbid enlargements. — London pride. (Bot.) (a) A garden name for Saxifraga umbrosa, a hardy perennial herbaceous plant, a native of high lands in Great Britain. (b) A name anciently given to the Sweet William. Dr. Prior. — London rocket (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (Sisymbrium Irio) which sprung up in London abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of 1667.

LONDONER Lon"don*er (-er), n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of London. Shak.

LONDONISM Lon"don*ism, n.

Defn: A characteristic of Londoners; a mode of speaking peculiar to London.

LONDONIZE Lon"don*ize, v. i.

Defn: To impart to (one) a manner or character like that which distinguishes Londoners.

LONDONIZE Lon"don*ize, v. i.

Defn: To imitate the manner of the people of London.

LONDON SMOKE Lon"don smoke.

Defn: A neutral tint given to spectacles, shade glasses for optical instruments, etc., which reduces the intensity without materially changing the color of the transmitted light.

LONDON TUFT London tuft. (Bot.)

Defn: The Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus).

LONE Lone, n.

Defn: A lane. See Loanin. [Prov. Eng.]

LONE Lone, a. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. alone.]

1. Being without a companion; being by one's self; also, sad from lack of companionship; lonely; as, a lone traveler or watcher. When I have on those pathless wilds a appeared, And the lone wanderer with my presence cheered. Shenstone.

2. Single; unmarried, or in widowhood. [Archaic] Queen Elizabeth being a lone woman. Collection of Records (1642). A hundred mark is a long one for a poor lone woman to bear. Shak.

3. Being apart from other things of the kind; being by itself; also, apart from human dwellings and resort; as, a lone house. " A lone isle." Pope. By a lone well a lonelier column rears. Byron.

4. Unfrequented by human beings; solitary. Thus vanish scepters, coronets, and balls, And leave you on lone woods, or empty walls. Pope.

LONELINESS Lone"li*ness, n.

1. The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.

2. The state of being unfrequented by human beings; as, the loneliness of a road.

3. Love of retirement; disposition to solitude. I see The mystery of your loneliness. Shak.

4. A feeling of depression resulting from being alone.

Syn. — Solitude; seclusion. See Solitude.

LONELY Lone"ly, a. [Compar. Lonelier; superl. Loneliest.] Etym: [Shortened fr. alonely.]

1. Sequestered from company or neighbors; solitary; retired; as, a lonely situation; a lonely cell.

2. Alone, or in want of company; forsaken. To the misled and lonely traveler. Milton.

3. Not frequented by human beings; as, a lonely wood.

4. Having a feeling of depression or sadness resulting from the consciousness of being alone; lonesome. I am very often alone. I don't mean I am lonely. H. James.

Syn. — Solitary; lone; lonesome; retired; unfrequented; sequestered; secluded.

LONENESS Lone"ness, n.

Defn: Solitude; seclusion. [Obs.] Donne.

LONESOME Lone"some, a. [Compar. Lonesomer; superl. Lonesomest.]

1. Secluded from society; not frequented by human beings; solitary. Like one that on a lonesome road Doth walk in fear and dread. Coleridge .

2. Conscious of, and somewhat depressed by, solitude; as, to feel lonesome. — Lone"some*ly, adv. — Lone"some*ness, n.

LONE-STAR STATE Lone-Star State.

Defn: Texas; — a nickname alluding to the single star on its coat of arms, being the device used on its flag and seal when it was a republic.

LONG Long, a. [Compar. Longer; superl. Longest.] Etym: [AS. long, lang; akin to OS, OFries., D., & G. lang, Icel. langr, Sw. lång, Dan. lang, Goth. laggs, L.longus. sq. root125. Cf. Length, Ling a fish, Linger, Lunge, Purloin.]

1. Drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; protracted; extended; as, a long line; — opposed to short, and distinguished from broad or wide.

2. Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a considerable tine, or to a great length; as, a long series of events; a long debate; a long drama; a long history; a long book.

3. Slow in passing; causing weariness by length or duration; lingering; as, long hours of watching.

4. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time; far away. The we may us reserve both fresh and strong Against the tournament, which is not long. Spenser.

5. Extended to any specified measure; of a specified length; as, a span long; a yard long; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure of a mile, etc.

6. Far-reaching; extensive. " Long views." Burke.

7. (Phonetics)

Defn: Prolonged, or relatively more prolonged, in utterance; — said of vowels and syllables. See Short, a., 13, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 22, 30.

Note: Long is used as a prefix in a large number of compound adjectives which are mostly of obvious meaning; as, long-armed, long- beaked, long-haired, long-horned, long-necked, long-sleeved, long- tailed, long- worded, etc. In the long run, in the whole course of things taken together; in the ultimate result; eventually. — Long clam (Zoöl.), the common clam (Mya arenaria) of the Northern United States and Canada; — called also soft-shell clam and long- neck clam. See Mya. — Long cloth, a kind of cotton cloth of superior quality. — Long clothes, clothes worn by a young infant, extending below the feet. — Long division. (Math.) See Division. — Long dozen, one more than a dozen; thirteen. — Long home, the grave. — Long measure, Long mater. See under Measure, Meter. — Long Parliament (Eng. Hist.), the Parliament which assembled Nov. 3, 1640, and was dissolved by Cromwell, April 20, 1653. — Long price, the full retail price. — Long purple (Bot.), a plant with purple flowers, supposed to be the Orchis mascula. Dr. Prior. — Long suit (Whist), a suit of which one holds originally more than three cards. R. A. Proctor. — Long tom. (a) A pivot gun of great length and range, on the dock of a vessel. (b) A long trough for washing auriferous earth. [Western U.S.] (c) (Zoöl.) The long-tailed titmouse. — Long wall (Coal Mining), a working in which the whole seam is removed and the roof allowed to fall in, as the work progresses, except where passages are needed. — Of long, a long time. [Obs.] Fairfax. — To be, or go, long of the market, To be on the long side of the market, etc. (Stock Exchange), to hold stock for a rise in price, or to have a contract under which one can demand stock on or before a certain day at a stipulated price; — opposed to short in such phrases as, to be short of stock, to sell short, etc. [Cant] See Short. — To have a long head, to have a farseeing or sagacious mind.