P P (pe), (continued 3)

PARALLEL Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paralleling.]

1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else. The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true meridian. Sir T. Browne.

2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like. His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great justice. Shak.

3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak.

4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke. My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. Shak.

PARALLEL Par"al*lel, v. i.

Defn: To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.] Bacon.

PARALLELABLE Par"al*lel`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.] Bp. Hall.

PARALLELISM Par"al*lel*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. parallélisme.]

1. The quality or state of being parallel.

2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity. A close parallelism of thought and incident. T. Warton.

3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: — At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down dead. Judg. v. 27.

PARALLELISTIC Par`al*lel*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism. The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely lost. Milman.

PARALLELIZE Par"al*lel*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render parallel. [R.]

PARALLELLESS Par"al*lel*less, a.

Defn: Matchless. [R.]

PARALLELLY Par"al*lel*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr. H. More.

PARALLELOGRAM Par`al*lel"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. parallélogramme. See Parallel, and - gram.] (Geom.)

Defn: A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; — sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles. Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.

PARALLELOGRAMMATIC Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.

PARALLELOGRAMMIC; PARALLELOGRAMMICAL Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic, Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al, a.

Defn: Having the properties of a parallelogram. [R.]

PARALLELOPIPED Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped, n. Etym: [Gr. parallélopipède.] (Geom.)

Defn: A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a parallelogram.

PARALLELOPIPEDON Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A parallelopiped. Hutton.

PARALLEL STANDARDS Parallel standards. (Numismatics)

Defn: Two or more metals coined without any attempt by the government to regulate their values.

PARALLEL SULCUS Parallel sulcus. (Anat.)

Defn: A sulcus parallel to, but some distance below, the horizontal limb of the fissure of Sylvius.

PARALLEL TRANSFORMER Parallel transformer. (Elec.)

Defn: A transformer connected in parallel.

PARALLEL VISE Parallel vise.

Defn: A vise with jaws so guided as to remain parallel.

PARALOGICAL Par`a*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical doubt." Sir T. Browne.

PARALOGISM Pa*ral"o*gism, n. Etym: [Gr. paralogisme.] (Logic)

Defn: A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formulæ; a formal fallacy, or pseudo- syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.

PARALOGIZE Pa*ral"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized; p. pr. & vb. n. Paralogizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises. [R.]

PARALOGY Pa*ral"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: False reasoning; paralogism.

PARALYSE Par"a*lyse, v. t.

Defn: Same as Paralyze.

PARALYSIS Pa*ral"y*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Para-, and Loose, and cf. Palsy.] (Med.)

Defn: Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of memory." G. Eliot. Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of ownership. Duke of Argyll (1887).

PARALYTIC Par`a*lyt"ic, a. Etym: [L. paralyticus, Gr. paralytique.]

1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.

2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy. The cold, shaking, paralytic hand. Prior.

3. Inclined or tending to paralysis. Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva.

PARALYTIC Par`a*lyt"ic, n.

Defn: A person affected with paralysis.

PARALYTICAL Par`a*lyt"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Paralytic.

PARALYZATION Par`a*ly*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being paralyzed.

PARALYZE Par"a*lyze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Paralyzing.] Etym: [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.]

1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.

2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency paralyzed his efforts.

PARAM Par"am, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C2H4N4); — called also dicyandiamide.

PARAMAGNETIC Par`a*mag*net"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + magnetic.]

Defn: Magnetic, as opposed to Ant: diamagnetic. — n.

Defn: A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. — Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PARAMAGNETISM Par`a*mag"net*ism, n.

Defn: Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism. Faraday.

PARAMALEIC Par`a*ma*le"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called fumaric acid. [Obs.]

PARAMALIC Par`a*ma"lic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.

PARAMASTOID Par`a*mas"toid, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + mastoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; paroccipital; — applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.

PARAMATTA Par`a*mat"ta, n. Etym: [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.]

Defn: A light fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck (Draper's Dict.)

PARAMENT Par"a*ment, n. Etym: [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.]

Defn: Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men of rank; — chiefly in the plural. [Obs.] Lords in paraments on their coursers. Chaucer. Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch.

PARAMENTO Pa`ra*men"to, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl.

PARAMERE Par"a*mere, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.

PARAMETER Pa*ram"e*ter, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. paramètre.]

1. (a) (Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b) Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.

Note: The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section is called the latus rectum.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species.

PARAMETRITIS Par`a*me*tri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.

PARAMIOGRAPHER Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph + -er.]

Defn: A collector or writer of proverbs. [R.]

PARAMITOME Par`a*mi"tome, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + mitome.] (Biol.)

Defn: The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

PARAMO Pa"ra*mo, n.; pl. Paramos. Etym: [Sp. pæramo.]

Defn: A high, bleak plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in the Andes, in South America.

PARAMORPH Par"a*morph, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite to calcite.

PARAMORPHISM Par`a*mor"phism, n. (Min.)

Defn: The change of one mineral species to another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without alteration of chemical composition.

PARAMORPHOUS Par`a*mor"phous, a. (Min.)

Defn: Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting paramorphism.

PARAMOUNT Par"a*mount, a. Etym: [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) + amont above. See Amount.]

Defn: Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme; preëminent; as, a paramount duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon. Lady paramount (Archery), the lady making the best score. — Lord paramount, the king.

Syn. Superior; principal; preëminent; chief.

PARAMOUNT Par"a*mount, n.

Defn: The highest or chief. Milton.

PARAMOUNTLY Par"a*mount`ly, adv.

Defn: In a paramount manner.

PARAMOUR Par"a*mour, n. Etym: [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par, and Amour.]

1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; — used of a man or a woman. The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his paramour Macaulay.

2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer.

PARAMOUR; PARAMOURS Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours`, adv.

Defn: By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; — sometimes written as two words. [Obs.] For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. Chaucer.

PARAMYLUM Par*am"y*lum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on the surface of stagnant water.

PARANAPHTHALENE Par`a*naph"tha*lene, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + naphthalene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Anthracene; — called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.]

PARANOIA Par`a*noi"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Mental derangement; insanity.

PARANOIAC Par`a*noi"ac, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to paranoia; affected with, or characteristic of, paranoia.

PARANOIAC Par`a*noi"ac, n.

Defn: A person affected with paranoia.

PARANTHRACENE Par*an"thra*cene, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inert isomeric modification of anthracene.

PARANUCLEUS Par`a*nu"cle*us, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + nucleus.] (Biol.)

Defn: Some as Nucleolus.

PARA NUT Pa*ra" nut`. (Bot.)

Defn: The Brazil nut.

PARANYMPH Par"a*nymph, n. Etym: [L. paranymphus, Gr. paranymphe.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the bride. Milton. (b) The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.

2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor.

PARANYMPHAL Par`a*nym"phal, a.

Defn: Bridal; nuptial. [R.] At some paranymphal feast. Ford.

PARAPECTIN Par`a*pec"tin, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + pectin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gelatinous modification of pectin.

PARAPEGM Par"a*pegm, n. Etym: [L. parapegma, Gr. parapegme.]

Defn: An engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public place.

Note: Parapegms were used for the publication of laws, proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events.

PARAPEPTONE Par`a*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.

PARAPET Par"a*pet, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off, guard (L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus. See Parry, and Pectoral.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a platform, roof, bridge, or the like.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.

PARAPETALOUS Par`a*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen.

PARAPETED Par"a*pet`ed, a.

Defn: Having a parapet.

PARAPH Par"aph, n. Etym: [F. paraphe, parafe, contr. fr. paragraphe.]

Defn: A flourish made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery. Brande & C.

PARAPH Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed; p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.] Etym: [Cf. F. parapher, parafer.]

Defn: To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials.

PARAPHERNA Par`a*pher"na, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: The property of a woman which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but remained her own.

PARAPHERNAL Par`a*pher"nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. paraphernal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property. Kent.

PARAPHERNALIA Par`a*pher*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L. parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.

2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.

PARAPHIMOSIS Par`a*phi*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition in which the prepuce, after being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not be brought forward into place again.

PARAPHOSPHORIC Par`a*phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]

PARAPHRAGMA Par`a*phrag"ma, n.; pl. Paraphragmata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea. — Par`a*phrag"mal, a.

PARAPHRASE Par"a*phrase, n. Etym: [L. paraphrasis, Gr. paraphrase. See Para-, and Phrase.]

Defn: A restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of its clearer and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a text in other and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; — opposed to metaphrase. In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense. Dryden. Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David. I. Disraeli. His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice. Sowth. The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases. Shipley.

PARAPHRASE Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphrased; p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphrasing.]

Defn: To express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the meaning of a passage in other language. We are put to construe and paraphrase our own words. Bp. Stillingfleet.

PARAPHRASE Par"a*phrase, v. i.

Defn: To make a paraphrase.

PARAPHRASER Par"a*phra`ser, n.

Defn: One who paraphrases.

PARAPHRASIAN Par`a*phra"sian, n.

Defn: A paraphraser. [R.]

PARAPHRAST Par"a*phrast, n. Etym: [L. paraphrastes, Gr. paraphraste.]

Defn: A paraphraser. T. Warton.

PARAPHRASTIC; PARAPHRASTICAL Par`a*phras"tic, Par`a*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.paraphrastique.]

Defn: Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author; not literal; free. — Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

PARAPHYSIS Pa*raph"y*sis, n.; pl. Paraphyses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless plants.

PARAPLEGIA; PARAPLEGY Par`a*ple"gi*a, Par"a*ple`gy, n. Etym: [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr. paraplégie.] (Med.)

Defn: Palsy of the lower half of the body on both sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord. — Par`a*pleg"ic, a.

PARAPLEURA Par`a*pleu"ra, n.; pl. Parapleuræ. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and 2d Pleura.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the pleuron of certain insects.

PARAPODIUM Par`a*po"di*um, n.; pl. Parapodia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; — called also foot tubercle.

Note: They may serve for locomotion, respiration, and sensation, and often contain spines or setæ. When well developed, a dorsal part, or notopodium, and a ventral part, or neuropodium, are distinguished.

PARAPOPHYSIS Par`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Parapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra. See Vertebra. — Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al, a.

PARAPTERUM Pa*rap"te*rum, n.; pl. Paraptera. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Pteron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and metathorax of certain insects.

PARAQUET; PARAQUITO Par`a*quet", Par`a*qui"to, n. Etym: [See Paroquet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Parrakeet.

PARA RUBBER Pará rubber.

Defn: The caoutchouc obtained from the South American euphorbiaceous tree Hevea brasiliensis, hence called the Pará rubber tree, from the Brazilian river and seaport named Pará; also, the similar product of other species of Hevea. It is usually exported in flat round cakes, and is a chief variety of commercial India rubber.

PARASANG Par"a*sang, n. Etym: [L. parasanga, Gr. farsang.]

Defn: A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles.

PARASCENIUM Par`a*sce"ni*um, n.; pl. Parascenia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used as robing rooms.

PARASCEVE Par`a*sce"ve, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42 (Douay ver.)

2. A preparation. [R.] Donne.

PARASCHEMATIC Par`a*sche*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the formation of a word from another by a change of termination, gender, etc. Max Müller.

PARASELENE Par`a*se*le"ne, n.; pl. Paraselenæ. Etym: [NL., from Gr. parasélène.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. Parhelion.

PARASHAH Par"a*shah, n.; pl. -shoth (#) or -shioth (#). [Heb. parashah.]

Defn: A lesson from the Torah, or Law, from which at least one section is read in the Jewish synagogue on every Sabbath and festival.

PARASHOTH Par"a*shoth, n.;

Defn: pl. of Parashah.

PARASITA Par`a*si"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.) (a) An artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b) A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also Siphonostomata.

PARASITAL Par"a*si`tal, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to parasites; parasitic.

PARASITE Par"a*site, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr.

1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant. Thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st. Milton. Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free guests at rich men's tables. Udall.

2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; — sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte. (b) A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.

PARASITIC; PARASITICAL Par`a*sit"ic, Par`a*sit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. parasiticus, Gr. parasitique.]

1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors; sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2 & 3. Parasitic gull, Parasitic jager. (Zoöl.) See Jager. — Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. — Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.

PARASITICIDE Par`a*sit"i*cide, n. Etym: [Parasite + L. caedere to kill.]

Defn: Anything used to destroy parasites. Quain.

PARASITISM Par"a*si`tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parasitisme.]

1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court parasitism." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: The state of being parasitic.

PARASOL Par"a*sol`, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It. parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry, Solar.]

Defn: A kind of small umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.

PARASOL Par"a*sol`, v. t.

Defn: To shade as with a parasol. [R.]

PARASOLETTE Par`a*sol*ette", n.

Defn: A small parasol.

PARASPHENOID Par`a*sphe"noid, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Near the sphenoid bone; — applied especially to a bone situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. — n.

Defn: The parasphenoid bone.

PARASTICHY Pa*ras"ti*chy, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone.

PARASYNAXIS Par`a*syn*ax"is, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Civil Law)

Defn: An unlawful meeting.

PARASYNTHETIC Par`a*syn*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Para-, and Synthetic.]

Defn: Formed from a compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr. Murray.

PARATACTIC Par`a*tac"tic, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Of pertaining to, or characterized by, parataxis.

PARATAXIS Par`a*tax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The mere ranging of propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; — opposed to syntax. Brande & C.

PARATHESIS Pa*rath"e*sis, n.; pl. Paratheses. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward expanded. Smart.

3. (Print.)

Defn: The matter contained within brackets.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: A commendatory prayer. Shipley.

PARATHETIC Par`a*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to parathesis.

PARATONNERRE Pa`ra`ton`nerre", n. Etym: [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre thunderbolt.]

Defn: A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.

PARAUNTER Par*aun"ter, adv. Etym: [Par + aunter.]

Defn: Peradventure. See Paraventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARAUQUE Pa*rauque", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.

PARAVAIL Par`a*vail", a. Etym: [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) + aval down; a- (L. ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: At the bottom; lowest. Cowell.

Note: In feudal law, the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another. Wharton.

PARAVANT; PARAVANT Par"a*vant`, Par"a*vant`, adv. Etym: [OF. par avant. See Par, and lst Avaunt.]

1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser.

PARAVENTURE Par`a*ven"ture, adv. Etym: [Par + aventure.]

Defn: Peradventure; perchance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARAXANTHIN Par`a*xan"thin, n. Etym: [Pref. Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small quantity in urine.

PARAXIAL Par*ax"i*al, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.)

Defn: On either side of the axis of the skeleton.

PARAXYLENE Par`a*xy"lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and Xylene.

PARBOIL Par"boil`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parboiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Parboiling.] Etym: [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through (see Par) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire. The sense has been influenced by E. part. See lst Boil.]

1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.

PARBREAK Par"break`, v. i. & t. Etym: [Par + break.]

Defn: To throw out; to vomit. [Obs.] Skelton.

PARBREAK Par"break`, n.

Defn: Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser.

PARBUCKLE Par"buc`kle, n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.

PARBUCKLE Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parbuckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Parbuckling.]

Defn: To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten.

PARCAE Par"cæ, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The Fates. See Fate, 4.

PARCASE Par*case", adv. Etym: [Par + case.]

Defn: Perchance; by chance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARCEL Par"cel, n. Etym: [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL. particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.]

1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer. Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot. The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of self-government. J. A. Symonds.

2. (Law)

Defn: A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of another piece.

3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group. This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing. Shak.

4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet. 'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper. Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. — Parcel office, an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. — Parcel post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels. — Part and parcel. See under Part.

PARCEL Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Parceling or Parcelling.]

1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; — often with out or into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak. These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden. The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson.

2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.] That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by Addition of his envy. Shak.

3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the machine parcels yarn, wool, etc. To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten. — To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas.

PARCEL Par"cel, a. & adv.

Defn: Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.] The worthy dame was parcel-blind. Sir W. Scott. One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson. Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PARCELING Par"cel*ing, n. Etym: [Written also parcelling.]

1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.

PARCEL-MELE Par"cel-mele`, adv. Etym: [See Parcel, and Meal a part.]

Defn: By parcels or parts. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARCEL POST Par"cel post.

Defn: That branch of the post office having to do with the collection, transmission, and delivery of parcels. The British Inland Parcel Post was established in 1883. The present rates, dating from 1897, are 3d. for parcels not exceeding one pound and 1d. for each additional pound up to the limit of 10 pounds. A general parcel post was established in the United States by Act of August 24, 1912, which took effect Jan. 1, 1913. Parcels must not exceed 11 pounds in weight nor 72 inches in length and girth combined. Provision is made from insuring parcels up to $50.00, and also for sending parcels C.O.D. The rates of postage vary with the distance. See Zone, below.

PARCENARY Par"ce*na*ry, n. Etym: [See Parcener, partner.] (Law)

Defn: The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to two or more persons; coheirship.

Note: It differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which is created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common. Wharton. Kent.

PARCENER Par"ce*ner, n. Etym: [Of. paronnier, parsonnier, fr. parzon, par, parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition, and cf. Partner.] (Law)

Defn: A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one estate.

PARCH Parch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched; p. pr. & vb. n. Parching.] Etym: [OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF. perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.]

1. To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn. Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. Lev. xxiii. 14.

2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched from fever. The ground below is parched. Dryden.

PARCH Parch, v. i.

Defn: To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry. "Parch in Afric sun." Shak.

PARCHEDNESS Parch"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being parched.

PARCHEESI Par*chee"si, n.

Defn: See Pachisi.

PARCHESI Par*che"si, n.

Defn: See Pachisi.

PARCHING Parch"ing, a.

Defn: Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching heat." Shak. — Parch"ing*ly, adv.

PARCHMENT Parch"ment, n. Etym: [OE. parchemin, perchemin, F. parchemin, LL. pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first used.]

1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum. But here's a parchment with the seal of Cæsar. Shak.

2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp. Parchment paper. See Papyrine.

PARCHMENTIZE Parch"ment*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.]

Defn: To convert to a parchmentlike substance, esp. by sulphuric acid.

PARCITY Par"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.]

Defn: Sparingless. [Obs.]

PARCLOSE Par"close, n. Etym: [OF. See Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: A screen separating a chapel from the body of the church. [Written also paraclose and perclose.] Hook.

PARD Pard, n. Etym: [L. pardus, Gr. p tiger, panther.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A leopard; a panther. And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain. Shak.

PARDALE Par"dale, n. Etym: [L. pardalis, Gr. Pard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A leopard. [Obs.] Spenser.

PARDE; PARDIE Par*de", Par*die", adv. or interj. Etym: [F. pardi, for par Dieu by God.]

Defn: Certainly; surely; truly; verily; — originally an oath. [Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.] He was, parde, an old fellow of yours. Chaucer.

PARDINE Par"dine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Spotted like a pard. Pardine lynx (Zoöl.), a species of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.

PARDO Par"do, n. Etym: [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. pratapa splendor, majesty.]

Defn: A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts.

PARDON Par"don, n. Etym: [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.]

1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution. Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. Shak. But infinite in pardon was my judge. Milton. Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg pardon.

2. An official warrant of remission of penalty. Sign me a present pardon for my brother. Shak.

3. The state of being forgiven. South.

4. (Law)

Defn: A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty, which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses.

Syn. — Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness.

PARDON Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.] Etym: [Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par-, and Donation.]

1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; — applied to the offender. In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. 2 Kings v. 18. I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. Shak.

2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; — applied to offenses. I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 S Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle Shak.

3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty. I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. Shak.

4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.] Even now about it! I will pardon you. Shak. Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; — a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction.

Syn. — To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See Excuse.

PARDON; REMISSION Pardon,

Syn: remission.

Defn: — Forgiveness, Pardon. Forgiveness is Anglo-Saxon, and pardon Norman French, both implying a giving back. The word pardon, being early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters, the same sense as forgiveness; but in the language of common life there is a difference between them, such as we often find between corresponding Anglo-Saxon and Norman words. Forgive points to inward feeling, and suppose alienated affection; when we ask forgiveness, we primarily seek the removal of anger. Pardon looks more to outward things or consequences, and is often applied to trifling matters, as when we beg pardon for interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a crowd. The civil magistrate also grants a pardon, and not forgiveness. The two words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished from each other in most cases which relate to the common concerns of life.

PARDONABLE Par"don*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pardonnable.]

Defn: Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; — applied to the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit.

PARDONABLENESS Par"don*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pardonable; as, the pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall.

PARDONABLY Par"don*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably. Dryden.

PARDONER Par"don*er, n.

1. One who pardons. Shak.

2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARDONING Par"don*ing, a.

Defn: Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a pardoning God.

PARE Pare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared; p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] Etym: [F. parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.]

1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof.

2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; — followed by off or away; as; to pare off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.

3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen. The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. Bacon.

PAREGORIC Par`e*gor"ic a. Etym: [L. paregoricus, Gr. parégorique. See Allegory.]

Defn: Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, paregoric elixir.

PAREGORIC Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; — called also paregoric elexir.

PARELCON Pa*rel"con, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.

PARELECTRONOMIC Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or relating to parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle.

PARELECTRONOMY Par*e`lec*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.

PARELLA; PARELLE Pa*rel"la, Pa`relle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum). (b) A kind of lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in the preparation of litmus.

PAREMBOLE Pa*rem"bo*le (, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A kind of parenthesis.

PAREMENT Pare"ment, n.

Defn: See Parament. [Obs.]

PAREMPTOSIS Par`emp*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: Same as Parembole.

PARENCHYMA Pa*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. parenchyme.] (Biol.)

Defn: The soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.

PARENCHYMAL Pa*ren"chy*mal, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.

PARENCHYMATOUS; PARENCHYMOUS Par`en*chym"a*tous, Pa*ren"chy*mous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. parenchymateux.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration.

PARENESIS Pa*ren"e*sis, n. Etym: [L. paraenesis, Gr.

Defn: Exhortation. [R.]

PARENETIC; PARENETIOAL Par`e*net"ic, Par`e*net"io*al, a. Etym: [Gr. parénétique.]

Defn: Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter.

PARENT Par"ent, n. Etym: [L. parens, -entis; akin to parere to bring forth; cf. Gr. parent. Cf. Part.]

1. One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother. Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1.

2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness is the parent of vice. Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Channing. Parent cell. (Biol.) See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula. — Parent nucleus (Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis, and Cell division, under Division.

PARENTAGE Par"ent*age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parentage relationship.]

Defn: Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage" Shak. Though men esteem thee low of parentage. Milton.

PARENTAL Pa*ren"tal, a. Etym: [L. parentalis.]

1. Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority; parental obligations.

2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate; devoted; as, parental care. The careful course and parental provision of nature. Sir T. Browne.

PARENTALLY Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parental manner.

PARENTATION Par`en*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.]

Defn: Something done or said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.] Abp. Potter.

PARENTELE Par"en`tele`, n. Etym: [F. parentèle, L. parentela.]

Defn: Kinship; parentage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARENTHESIS Pa*ren"the*sis, n.; pl. Parentheses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Para-, En-, 2, and Thesis.]

1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory parenthesis." Sir T. Browne. Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long parenthesis. Watts.

2. (Print.)

Defn: One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase.

Note: Parenthesis, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation.

PARENTHESIZE Pa*ren"the*size, v. t.

Defn: To make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical marks. Lowell.

PARENTHETIC; PARENTHETICAL Par`en*thet"ic, Par`en*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

1. Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic remark. A parenthetical observation of Moses himself. Hales.

2. Using or containing parentheses.

PARENTHETICALLY Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by parentheses.

PARENTHOOD Par"ent*hood, n.

Defn: The state of a parent; the office or character of a parent.

PARENTICIDE Pa*ren"ti*cide, n. Etym: [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent + caedere to kill.]

1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.]

2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.]

PARENTLESS Par"ent*less, a.

Defn: Deprived of parents.

PAREPIDIDYMIS Par*ep`i*did"y*mis, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the Wolffian body.

PARER Par"er, n. Etym: [From Pare, v. t.]

Defn: One who, or that which, pares; an instrument for paring.

PARERGON Pa*rer"gon, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Parergy.

PARERGY Par"er*gy, n. Etym: [L. parergon, Gr.

Defn: Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PARESIS Par"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation.

PARETHMOID Par*eth"moid, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; — applied especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals. — n.

Defn: A parethmoid bone.

PARETIC Pa*ret"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.

PARFAY Par*fay", interj. Etym: [Par + fay.]

Defn: By my faith; verily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARFIT Par"fit, a.

Defn: Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARFITLY Par"fit*ly, adv.

Defn: Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARFLECHE Par*fleche", n. [Prob. through Canadian F. fr. Amer. Indian.]

Defn: A kind of rawhide consisting of hide, esp. of the buffalo, which has been soaked in crude wood-ash lye to remove the hairs, and then dried.

PARFOCAL Par*fo"cal, a. [Pari- + focal.] (Opt.)

Defn: With the lower focal points all in the same plane; — said of sets of eyepieces so mounted that they may be interchanged without varying the focus of the instrument (as a microscope or telescope) with which they are used.

PARFORN; PARFOURN Par*forn", Par*fourn", v. t.

Defn: To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

PARGASITE Par"gas*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.)

Defn: A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.

PARGEBOARD Parge"board`, n.

Defn: See Bargeboard.

PARGET Par"get, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.] Etym: [OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.]

1. To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; as, to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert. The pargeted ceiling with pendants. R. L. Stevenson.

2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.]

PARGET Par"get, v. i.

1. To lay on plaster.

2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PARGET Par"get, n.

1. Gypsum or plaster stone.

2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork. Knight.

3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton.

PARGETER Par"get*er, n.

Defn: A plasterer. Johnson.

PARGETING Par"get*ing, n. Etym: [Written also pargetting.]

Defn: Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth surface and help the draught.

PARGETORY Par"get*o*ry, n.

Defn: Something made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster. [Obs.] Milton.

PARHELIC Par*he"lic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to parhelia.

PARHELION Par*hel"ion, n.; pl. Parhelia. Etym: [L. parelion, Gr.

Defn: A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually called an anthelion. Often several mock suns appear at the same time. Cf. Paraselene.

PARHELIUM Par*he"li*um, n.

Defn: See Parhelion.

PARI- Par"i-. Etym: [L. par, paris, equal.]

Defn: A combining form signifying equal; as, paridigitate, paripinnate.

PARIAH Pa"ri*ah, n. Etym: [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain festivals.]

1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

2. An outcast; one despised by society. Pariah dog (Zoöl.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities. — Pariah kite (Zoöl.), a species of kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India.

PARIAL Pa*ri"al, n.

Defn: See Pair royal, under Pair, n.

PARIAN Pa"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Parius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in the Ægean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian marble. Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian marbles.

PARIAN Pa"ri*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Paros.

2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.

PARIDIGITATA Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Artiodactyla.

PARIDIGITATE Par`i*dig"i*tate, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having an evennumber of digits on the hands or the feet. Qwen.

PARIES Pa"ri*es, n.; pl. Parietes. Etym: [See Parietes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.

PARIETAL Pa*ri"e*tal, a. Etym: [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf. F. pariétal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.]

1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the care of them.

2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college. At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal Committee. B. H. Hall (1856).

3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; — said of a placenta.

PARIETAL Pa*ri"e*tal, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the parietal bones.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and fishes.

PARIETARY Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, a.

Defn: See Parietal, 2.

PARIETARY Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf. Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several species of Parietaria. See 1st Pellitory.

PARIETES Pa*ri"e*tes, n. pl. Etym: [L. paries a wall.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal parietes; the parietes of the cranium.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.

PARIETIC Pa`ri*et"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic acid.

PARIETINE Pa*ri"e*tine, n. Etym: [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined walls.]

Defn: A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton.

PARIETO- Pa*ri"e*to- (. (Anat.)

Defn: A combining form used to indicate connection with, or relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the skull; as, the parieto-mastoid suture.

PARIGENIN Pa*rig"e*nin, n. Etym: [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A curdy white substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.

PARILLIN Pa*ril"lin, n. Etym: [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; — called also smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin.

PARING Par"ing, n. Etym: [From Pare, v. t.]

1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.

2. That which is pared off. Pope. Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your hills. Mortimer.

PARIPINNATE Par`i*pin"nate, a. Etym: [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.

PARIS Par"is, n. Etym: [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant common in Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic.

Note: It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.

PARIS Par"is, n.

Defn: The chief city of France. Paris green. See under Green, n. — Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white.

PARISH Par"ish, n. Etym: [OE. parishe, paresche, parosche, OF. paroisse, parosse, paroiche, F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia, Gr. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.]

1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls therein. Cowell. (b) The same district, constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc.

Note: Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual purposes. Mozley & W.

2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.]

3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other States.

PARISH Par"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as, parish poor. Dryden. Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer of a parish. (b) A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of the Church of England. — Parish court, in Louisiana, a court in each parish.

PARISHEN Par"ish*en, n.

Defn: A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARISHIONAL Pa*rish"ion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.] Bp. Hall.

PARISHIONER Pa*rish"ion*er, n. Etym: [F. paroissien, LL. parochianus.]

Defn: One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.

PARISIAN Pa*ri"sian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parisen.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France.

PARISIAN Pa*ri"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Paris.

PARISIENNE Pa`ri`si`enne", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A female native or resident of Paris.

PARISOLOGY Par`i*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.]

PARISYLLABIC; PARISYLLABICAL Par`i*syl*lab"ic, Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pari- + syllabic, - ical: cf. F. parisyllabique.]

Defn: Having the same number of syllables in all its inflections.

PARITOR Par"i*tor, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant, attendant.]

Defn: An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden.

PARITORY Par"i*to*ry, n.

Defn: Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PARITY Par"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. parité. See Pair, Peer an equal.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being equal or equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence; analogy; as, parity of reasoning. "No parity of principle." De Quincey. Equality of length and parity of numeration. Sir T. Browne.

PARK Park, n. Etym: [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being of the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W. park, parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.]

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant. Mozley & W.

2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like. Chaucer. While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and forget to fear. Waller.

3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New York.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery.

5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written also parc.] Park of artillery. See under Artillery. — Park phaeton, a small, low carriage, for use in parks.

PARK Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked; p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.]

1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park. How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. Shak.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the wagons, etc.

PARKA; PARKEE Par"ka, Par"kee, n. [Russ. parka, parki, dim. of para a pair, fr. G. paar, L. par. Cf. Pair.]

Defn: An outer garment made of the skins of birds or mammals, worn by Eskimos, etc.

PARKER Park"er, n

Defn: , The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale.

PARKERIA Par*ke"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named from W. K. Parker, a British zoölogist.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.

PARKESINE Parkes"ine, n. Etym: [So called from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.]

Defn: A compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized India rubber and for ivory; — called also xylotile.

PARKLEAVES Park"leaves`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European species of Saint John's-wort; the tutsan. See Tutsan.

PARLANCE Par"lance, n. Etym: [OF., fr. F. parler to speak. See Parley.]

Defn: Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal parlance; in common parlance. A hate of gossip parlance and of sway. Tennyson.

PARLANDO; PARLANTE Par*lan"do, Par*lan"te, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style of a recitative.

PARLE Parle, v. i. Etym: [F. parler. See Parley.]

Defn: To talk; to converse; to parley. [Obs.] Shak. Finding himself too weak, began to parle. Milton.

PARLE Parle, n.

Defn: Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.] They ended parle, and both addressed for fight. Milton.

PARLEY Par"ley, n.; pl. Parleys. Etym: [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler to speak, LL. parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in LL., a word. See Parable, and cf. Parliament, Parlor.]

Defn: Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with an enemy, as with regard to a truce. We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain. Dryden. To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference with the enemy.

PARLEY Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.]

Defn: To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an armistice, or terms of peace. They are at hand, To parley or to fight; therefore prepare. Shak.

PARLIAMENT Par"lia*ment, n. Etym: [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.]

1. A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [Obs.] But first they held their parliament. Rom. of R.

2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to make laws. They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a parliament of Gauls. Golding.

3. The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by the royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws.

Note: Thought the sovereign is a constituting branch of Parliament, the word is generally used to denote the three estates named above.

4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several principal judicial courts. Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast. — Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door or shutter to swing back flat against the wall. — Long Parliament, Rump Parliament. See under Long, and Rump.

PARLIAMENTAL Par`lia*men"tal, a.

Defn: Parliamentary. [Obs.]

PARLIAMENTARIAN Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood.

PARLIAMENTARIAN Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n.

1. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to King Charles I. Walpole.

2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian.

PARLIAMENTARILY Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parliamentary manner.

PARLIAMENTARY Par`lia*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. parlementaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority. Bacon.

2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M. Hale.

3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative bodies; as, a parliamentary motion. Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of Parliament. [Eng.] — Parliamentary train, one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate. [Eng.]

PARLOR Par"lor, n. Etym: [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium. See Parley.] [Written also parlour.]

Defn: A room for business or social conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar guests, — a room for less formal uses than the drawing- room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained.

Note: "In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a parlor, as they called it of old and till recently." Fitzed. Hall. Parior car. See Palace car, under Car.

PARLOR MATCH Par"lor match`.

Defn: A friction match that contains little or no sulphur.

PARLOUS Par"lous, a. Etym: [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.]

1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A parlous snuffing." Beau. & Fl.

2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy." Shak. "A parlous wit." Dryden. — Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] — Par"lous*ness, n. [Obs.]

PARMESAN Par`me*san", a. Etym: [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy. Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.

PARNASSIA Par*nas"si*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs growing in wet places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus.

PARNASSIAN Par*nas"sian, a. Etym: [L. Parnassius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Parnassus.

PARNASSIAN Par*nas"sian, n. Etym: [See Parnassus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius. They inhabit the mountains, both in the Old World and in America.

PARNASSIEN Par`nas`si`en", n. [F.]

Defn: Same as Parnassian.

PARNASSUS Par*nas"sus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring. Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia. — To climb Parnassus, to write poetry. [Colloq.]

PARNELLISM Par"nell*ism, n. (Eng. Politics)

Defn: The policy or principles of the Parnellites.

PARNELLITE Par"nell*ite, n. (Eng. Politics)

Defn: One of the adherents of Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-91) in his advocacy of home rule for Ireland.

PAROCCIPITAL Par`oc*cip"i*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. para- + occipital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone; paramastoid; — applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.

PAROCHIAL Pa*ro"chi*al, a. Etym: [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See Parish.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial duties. "Parochial pastors." Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow. "The parochial mind." W. Black.

PAROCHIALISM Pa*ro"chi*al*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.

PAROCHIALITY Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J. Marriot.

PAROCHIALIZE Pa*ro"chi*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render parochial; to form into parishes.

PAROCHIALLY Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet.

PAROCHIAN Pa*ro"chi*an, a. Etym: [See Parochial, Parishioner.]

Defn: Parochial. [Obs.] "Parochian churches." Bacon.

PAROCHIAN Pa*ro"chi*an, n. Etym: [LL. parochianus.]

Defn: A parishioner. [Obs.] Ld. Burleigh.

PARODIC; PARODICAL Pa*rod"ic, Pa*rod"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. parodique.]

Defn: Having the character of parody. Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical. T. Warton.

PARODIST Par"o*dist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. parodiste.]

Defn: One who writes a parody; one who parodies. Coleridge.

PARODY Par"o*dy, n.; pl. Parodies. Etym: [L. parodia, Gr. parodie. See Para- , and Ode.]

1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of burlesque; travesty. The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and Panther" was received with great applause. Macaulay.

2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.]

PARODY Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parodied; p. pr. & vb. n. Parodying.] Etym: [Cf. F. parodier.]

Defn: To write a parody upon; to burlesque. I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace. Pope.

PAROKET Par"o*ket`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Paroquet.

PAROL Pa*rol", n. Etym: [See Parole, the same word.]

1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under seal. Blackstone.

PAROL Pa*rol", a.

Defn: Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a writing not under seal; as, parol evidence. Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate. — Parol contract (Law), any contract not of record or under seal, whether oral or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story.

PAROLE Pa*role", n. Etym: [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.]

1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.), promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the like. This man had forfeited his military parole. Macaulay.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A watchword given only to officers of guards; — distinguished from countersign, which is given to all guards.

4. (Law)

Defn: Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2.

PAROLE Pa*role", a.

Defn: See 2d Parol.

PAROLE Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.] (Mil.)

Defn: To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners.

PAROMOLOGY Par`o*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. fr. Homologous.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument.

PARONOMASIA Par`o*no*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence; punning. Dryden.

PARONOMASTIC; PARONOMASTICAL Par`o*no*mas"tic, Par`o*no*mas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words.

PARONOMASY Par`o*nom"a*sy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. paronomasie.]

Defn: Paronomasia. [R.] B. Jonson.

PARONYCHIA Par`o*nych"i*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A whitlow, or felon. Quincy.

PARONYM Par"o*nym, n.

Defn: A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.]

PARONYMOUS Pa*ron"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; — said of certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc.

2. Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different meaning; — said of certain words, as al and awl; hair and hare, etc.

PARONYMY Pa*ron"y*my, n.

Defn: The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of paronymous words.

PAROOPHORON; PAROOEPHORON Par`o*öph"o*ron, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Para-) + (Anat.)

Defn: A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with the parepididymis of the male.

PAROQUET Par"o*quet`, n. Etym: [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob. orig. meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Parrakeet. [Written also paroket, parroquet, and perroquet.] Paroquet auk or auklet (Zoöl.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange red. Called also perroquet auk.

PARORCHIS Pa*ror"chis, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Orchis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body.

PAROSTEAL Pa*ros"te*al, (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to parostosis; as, parosteal ossification.

PAROSTOSIS Par`os*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the formation of bone outside of the periosteum.

PAROSTOTIC Par`os*tot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to parostosis.

PAROTIC Pa*rot"ic, a. Etym: [See Parotid.] (Anat.)

Defn: On the side of the auditory capsule; near the external ear. Parotic region (Zoöl.), the space around the ears.

PAROTID Pa*rot"id, a. Etym: [L. parotis, -idis, Gr. parotide. ] (Anat.) (a) Situated near the ear; — applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland. Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just in front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the second molar of the upper jaw.

PAROTID Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The parotid gland.

PAROTITIS Par`o*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the parotid glands. Epidemic, or Infectious, parotitis, mumps.

PAROTOID Par"o*toid, a. Etym: [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling the parotid gland; — applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in many toads and frogs. — n.

Defn: A parotoid gland.

PAROUSIA Pa*rou"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Parusia.] (a) The nativity of our Lord. (b) The last day. Shipley.

PAROVARIUM Par`o*va"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.)

Defn: A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct; the epoöphoron.

PAROXYSM Par"ox*ysm, n. Etym: [F. paroxysme, Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot.

2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a convulsion; a fit. The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair. South.

PAROXYSMAL Par`ox*ys"mal, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper. — Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv.

PAROXYTONE Par*ox"y*tone, n. Etym: [Gr. a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.

PARQUET Par*quet", n. Etym: [F. See Parquetry.]

1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.

2. Same as Parquetry.

PARQUETAGE Par"quet*age, n.

Defn: See Parquetry.

PARQUET CIRCLE Parquet circle.

Defn: That part of the lower floor of a theater with seats at the rear of the parquet and beneath the galleries; — called also, esp. in U. S., orchestra circle or parterre.

PARQUETED Par"quet*ed, a.

Defn: Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and differently colored figures. One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well. Evelyn.

PARQUETRY Par"quet*ry, n. Etym: [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring, fr. parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.]

Defn: A species of joinery or cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally of different colors, — used especially for floors.

PARQUETTE Par*quette", n.

Defn: See Parquet.

PARR Parr, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zoöl.) (a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; — called also samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret.

PARRAKEET; PARAKEET Par"ra*keet`, Par"a*keet`, n. Etym: [See Paroquet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long; — called also paroquet and paraquet.

Note: Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis).

PARRAL; PARREL Par"ral, Par"rel, n. Etym: [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure. Totten.

2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell.

PARRAQUA Par*ra"qua, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied to the guan.

PARRHESIA Par*rhe"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Boldness or freedom of speech.

PARRICIDAL Par"ri*ci`dal, a. Etym: [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See Parricide.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.

PARRICIDE Par"ri*cide, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere to kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]

1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.

2. Etym: [L. parricidium.]

Defn: The act or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.

PARRICIDIOUS Par`ri*cid"i*ous, a.

Defn: Parricidal. [Obs.]

PARROCK Par"rock, n. Etym: [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.]

Defn: A croft, or small field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.]

PARROT Par"rot, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. F. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F. pierrot is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. Paroquet, Petrel, Petrify.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other genera of the family Psittacidæ, as distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases. Carolina parrot (Zoöl.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. — Night parrot, or Owl parrot. (Zoöl.) See Kakapo. — Parrot coal, cannel coal; — so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning. [Eng. & Scot.] — Parrot green. (Chem.) See Scheele's green, under Green, n. — Parrot weed (Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled, apetalous flowers. — Parrot wrasse, Parrot fish (Zoöl.), any fish of the genus Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.

PARROT Par"rot, v. t.

Defn: To repeat by rote, as a parrot.

PARROT Par"rot, v. i.

Defn: To chatter like a parrot.

PARROTER Par"rot*er, n.

Defn: One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J. S. Mill.

PARROTRY Par"rot*ry, n.

Defn: Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge. "The supine parrotry." Fitzed. Hall.

PARROT'S-BILL Par"rot's-bill`, n. Etym: [So called from the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a parrot's bill.] (Bot.)

Defn: The glory pea. See under Glory.

PARRY Par"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parried; p. pr. & vb. n. Parrying.] Etym: [F. paré, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.]

1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke. Vice parries wide The undreaded volley with a sword of straw. Cowper.

2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade. The French government has parried the payment of our claims. E. Everett.

PARRY Par"ry, v. i.

Defn: To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc. Locke.

PARRY Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries (.

Defn: A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter.

PARSE Parse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.] Etym: [L. pars a part; pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.] (Gram.)

Defn: To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically. Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over perfectly. Ascham.

PARSEE Par"see, n. Etym: [Hind. & Per. parsi a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.]

1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian religion, descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire worshiper; a Gheber.

2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the Parsees.

PARSEEISM Par"see*ism, n.

Defn: The religion and customs of the Parsees.

PARSER Pars"er, n.

Defn: One who parses.

PARSIMONIOUS Par`si*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.]

Defn: Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. — Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. — Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious. Bacon. Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more men and money. Addison.

Syn. — Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.

PARSIMONY Par"si*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to spare, parsus sparing: cf. F. parcimonie.]

Defn: Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; — generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness. Bacon. Awful parsimony presided generally at the table. Thackeray.

Syn. — Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness; stinginess. See Economy.

PARSLEY Pars"ley, n. Etym: [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum rock parsley, Gr. Celery.] (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum), having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish. As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit. Shak. Fool's parsley. See under Fool. — Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone parsley, names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the parsley. — Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). — Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb (Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for calculus.

PARSNIP Pars"nip, n. Etym: [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L. pastinaca; cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF. pastenade, pastenaque.] (Bot.)

Defn: The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a biennial umbelliferous plant which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself. Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. — Meadow parsnip, the European cow parsnip. — Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the parsnip. — Water parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the species of which are poisonous.

PARSON Par"son, n. Etym: [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne person, LL. persona (sc. ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See Person.]

1. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: A person who represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the cure of souls.

2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher. He hears the parson pray and preach. Longfellow. Parson bird (Zoöl.), a New Zealand bird (Prosthemadera Novæseelandiæ) remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage bird.

PARSONAGE Par"son*age, n.

1. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a parish.

2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of the incumbent or settled pastor.

3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.] What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage, for Sir W. Scott.

PARSONED Par"soned, a.

Defn: Furnished with a parson.

PARSONIC; PARSONICAL Par*son"ic, Par*son"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a parson; clerical. Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart. Colman. — Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv.

PARSONISH Par"son*ish, a.

Defn: Appropriate to, or like, a parson; — used in disparagement. [Colloq.]

PART Part, n. Etym: [F. part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring forth, produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.]

1. One of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided, or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number, quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a member; a constituent. And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part and laid it at the apostles'feet. Acts v. 2. Our ideas of extension and number — do they not contain a secret relation of the parts Locke. I am a part of all that I have met. Tennyson.

2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal constituent portion; one of several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or ingredient. An homer is the tenth part of an ephah. Ex. xvi. 36. A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom, And ever three parts coward. Shak.

(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an organ; an essential element. All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body. Locke. The pulse, the glow of every part. Keble.

(c) A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent; — usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of considerable parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay. Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not admit any good part to intermingle with them. Shak.

(d) Quarter; region; district; — usually in the plural. "The uttermost part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9. All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears. Dryden. (e) (Math.)

Defn: Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of 12; — the opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a geometrical figure.

3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot; interest; concern; duty; office. We have no part in David. 2 Sam. xx. 1. Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part; Do thou but thine. Milton. Let me bear My part of danger with an equal share. Dryden.

4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a controversy; a faction. For he that is not against us is on our part. Mark ix. 40. Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part. Waller.

(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See To act a part, under Act. That part Was aptly fitted and naturally performed. Shak. It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf. Shak. Honor and shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there all the honor lies. Pope. (c) (Mus.)

Defn: One of the different melodies of a concerted composition, which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each voice or instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin part, etc. For my part, so far as concerns me; for my share. — For the most part. See under Most, a. — In good part, as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner. Hooker. In ill part, unfavorably; with displeasure. — In part, in some degree; partly. — Part and parcel, an essential or constituent portion; — a reduplicative phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was . . . part and parcel of the race and place." Howitt. — Part of speech (Gram.), a sort or class of words of a particular character; thus, the noun is a part of speech denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a part of speech which asserts something of the subject of a sentence. — Part owner (Law), one of several owners or tenants in common. See Joint tenant, under Joint. — Part singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic parts are taken. — Part song, a song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. "A part song differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many voices, instead of by one only, to each part." Stainer & Barrett.

Syn. — Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share; constituent. See Portion, and Section.

PART Part, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] Etym: [F. partir, L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a part. See Part, n.]

1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or more parts or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev. ii. 6. There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues. Keble.

2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to apportion; to share. To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee. Pope. They parted my raiment among them. John xix. 24.

3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder. The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and me. Ruth i. 17. While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven. Luke xxiv. 51. The narrow seas that part The French and English. Shak.

4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as combatants. The stumbling night did part our weary powers. Shak.

5. To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion; as, to part gold from silver. The liver minds his own affair, . . . And parts and strains the vital juices. Prior.

6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.] Since presently your souls must part your bodies. Shak. To part a cable (Naut.), to break it. — To part company, to separate, as travelers or companions.

PART Part, v. i.

1. To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become separated; to go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts in the middle.

2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to die; — often with from. He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted. Shak. He owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before. Macaulay. His precious bag, which he would by no means part from. G. Eliot.

3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any kind; — followed by with or from. Celia, for thy sake, I part With all that grew so near my heart. Waller. Powerful hands . . . will not part Easily from possession won with arms. Milton. It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at parting with an only son. A. Trollope.

4. To have a part or share; to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part alike." 1 Sam. xxx. 24.

PART Part, adv.

Defn: Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak.

PARTABLE Part"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Partible. Camden.

PARTAGE Part"age, n. Etym: [F. See Part, v. & n.]

1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford.

PARTAKE Par*take", v. i. [imp. Partook; p. p. Partaken (; p. pr. & vb. n. Partaking.] Etym: [Part + take.]

1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke. When I against myself with thee partake. Shak.

2. To have something of the properties, character, or office; — usually followed by of. The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney-general. Bacon.

PARTAKE Par*take", v. t.

1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share. Let every one partake the general joy. Driden.

2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to. [Obs.] Spencer.

3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak.

PARTAKER Par*tak"er, n.

1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator. Partakers of their spiritual things. Rom. xv. 27. Wish me partaker in my happiness. Shark.

2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.] Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets. Matt. xxiii. 30.

PARTAN Par"tan, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible British crab. [Prov. Eng.]

PARTED Part"ed, a.

1. Separated; devided.

2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to the midrib, or the base of the blade; — said of a leaf, and used chiefly in composition; as, three-parted, five-parted, etc. Gray.

PARTER Part"er, n.

Defn: One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney.

PARTERRE Par*terre", n. Etym: [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground, L. terra. See Terrace.]

1. (Hort.)

Defn: An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on.

2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]

PARTHENIAD Par*the"ni*ad, n. Etym: [See Parthenic.]

Defn: A poem in honor of a virgin. [Obs.]

PARTHENIC Par*then"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheniæ, or sons of unmarried women.

PARTHENOGENESIS Par`the*no*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.

PARTHENOGENETIC Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; as, parthenogenetic forms. — Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PARTHENOGENITIVE Par`the*no*gen"i*tive, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Parthenogenetic.

PARTHENOGENY Par`the*nog"e*ny, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Parthenogenesis.

PARTHENON Par"the*non, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i. e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.]

Defn: A celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important influence on art.

PARTHENOPE; PARTENOPE Par*then"o*pe, Par*ten"o*pe, n. Etym: [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs.

2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, descovered by M. de Gasparis in 1850.

PARTHIAN Par"thi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. — n.

Defn: A native Parthia. Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians; hence, a parting shot.

PARTIAL Par"tial, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon. "Partial dissolutions of the earth." T. Burnet.

2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not be partial. Ye have been partial in the law. Mal. ii. 9.

3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly fond. "A partial parent." Pope. Not partial to an ostentatious display. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a partial petiole. Partial differentials, Partial differential coefficients, Partial differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the time constant. — Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals a given fraction. — Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone.

PARTIALISM Par"tial*ism, n.

Defn: Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine of the Partialists.

PARTIALIST Par"tial*ist n.

1. One who is partial. [R.]

2. (Theol.)

Defn: One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part of mankind, that is, for the elect.

PARTIALITY Par`ti*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. partialité.]

1. The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind.

2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others; special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting. Roget.

PARTIALIZE Par"tial*ize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make or be partial. [R.]

PARTIALLY Par"tial*ly adv.

1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun partially eclipsed. Sir T. Browne.

2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak.

PARTIBILITY Part`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [From Partible.]

Defn: The quality or state of being partible; divisibility; separability; as, the partibility of an inherttance.

PARTIBLE Part"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr. L. pars: cf. F. partible. See Part.]

Defn: Admitting of being parted; divisible; separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an estate of inheritance may be partible. "Make the molds partible." Bacon.

PARTICIPABLE Par*tic"i*pa*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being participated or shared. [R.] Norris.

PARTICIPANT Par*tic"i*pant, a. Etym: [L. participans, p.pr. of participare: cf. F. participant. See Participate.]

Defn: Sharing; participating; having a share of part. Bacon.

PARTICIPANT Par*tic"i*pant, n.

Defn: A participator; a partaker. Participants in their . . . mysterious rites. Bp. Warburton.

PARTICIPANTLY Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a participant manner.

PARTICIPATE Par*tic"i*pate, a. Etym: [L. participatus, p.p. of participare to participate; pars, partis, part + capere to take. See Part, and Capacious.]

Defn: Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak.

PARTICIPATE Par*tic"i*pate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated; p. pr. & vb. n. Participating.]

Defn: Tj have a share in common with others; to take a part; to partake; — followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate in a debate. Shak. So would he participateof their wants. Hayward. Mine may come when men With angels may participate. Milton.

PARTICIPATE Par*tic"i*pate, v. t.

1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of. [R.] Fit to participate all rational delight. Milton.

2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton.

PARTICIPATION Par*tic`i*pa"tion, n. Etym: [F. participation, L. participatio.]

1. The act or state of participating, or sharing in common with others; as, a participation in joy or sorrows. These deities are so by participation. Bp. Stillingfleet. What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed participation of himself! Atterbury.

2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh.

3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak.

PARTICIPATIVE Par*tic"i*pa*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. participatif.]

Defn: Capable of participating.

PARTICIPATOR Par*tic"i*pa`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who participates, or shares with another; a partaker.

PARTICIPIAL Par`ti*cip"i*al, a. Etym: [L. participialis: cf. E. participal. See Participle.]

Defn: Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a participle; formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth.

PARTICIPIAL Par`ti*cip"i*al, n.

Defn: A participial word.

PARTICIPIALIZE Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p.p Participialized; p. pr. & vb. n. Participializing.]

Defn: To form into, or put in the form of, a participle. [R.]

PARTICIPIALLY Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the sense or manner of a participle.

PARTICIPLE Par"ti*ci*ple, n. Etym: [F. participe, L. participium, fr. particeps sharing, participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See Participate.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear; exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, — written, being, and exhaustedare participles. By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect. Earle.

Note: Present participles, called also imperfect, or incomplete, participles, end in -ing. Past participles, called also perfect, or complete, participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n. A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted army. The verbal noun in -ing has the form of the present participle. See Verbal noun, under Verbal, a.

2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.] The participles or confines between plants and living creatures. Bacon.

PARTICLE Par"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part: cf. F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.]

1. A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of dust. The small size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle of light. Blackmore.

2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has not a particle of patriotism or virtue. The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least particle to recede. Clarendon.

3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b) The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp. Fitzpatrick.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in compositions; as, ward in backward, ly in lovely.

PARTICOLORED Par"ti*col`ored, a.

Defn: Same as Party-colored.

PARTICULAR Par*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [OE. particuler, F. particulier, L. particularis. See Particle.]

1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a constellation. Shak. [/Make] each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the fretful porpentine. Shak. Seken in every halk and every herne Particular sciences for to lerne. Chaucer.

2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular. "Thine own particular wrongs." Shak. Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth. Bacon.

3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular news; she was the particular belle of the party.

4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident; hence, nice; fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress.

5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder. (b) Holding a particular estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone.

6. (Logic)

Defn: Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular proposition; — opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative) Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise. Particular average. See under Average. — Particular Baptist, one of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation. — Particular lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular thing. — Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the human race. See Calvinism.