E (continued 2)

Defn: An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle of tentacles.

ECTOPY Ec"to*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Ectopia.

ECTORGANISM Ect*or"gan*ism, n. Etym: [Ect- + organism.] (Biol.)

Defn: An external parasitic organism.

ECTOSARC Ec"to*sarc, n. Etym: [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some unicellular organisms, as the amoeba; ectoplasm; exoplasm.

ECTOSTEAL Ec*tos"te*al, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ectostosis; as, ectosteal ossification.

ECTOSTOSIS Ec`tos*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Ect-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the cartilage.

ECTOZOIC Ec`to*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Epizoic.

ECTOZOON; ECTOZOOEN Ec`to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Ectozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Epizoön.

ECTROPION Ec*tro"pi*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural eversion of the eyelids.

ECTROPIUM Ec*tro"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Ectropion.

ECTROTIC Ec*trot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Having a tendency to prevent the development of anything, especially of a disease.

ECTYPAL Ec"ty*pal, a. Etym: [L. ectypus worked in high relief, Gr. Type.]

Defn: Copied, reproduced as a molding or cast, in contradistinction from the original model.

ECTYPE Ec"type, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ectype. See Ectypal.]

1. (Classical Archæol.) (a) A copy, as in pottery, of an artist's original work. Hence: (b) A work sculptured in relief, as a cameo, or in bas-relief (in this sense used loosely).

2. A copy from an original; a type of something that has previously existed. Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an ectype of the ancient prophets. Eng. Cyc. .

ECTYPOGRAPHY Ec`ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Ectype + -graphy.]

Defn: A method of etching in which the design upon the plate is produced in relief.

ECUMENIC; ECUMENICAL Ec`u*men"ic, Ec`u*men"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. oecumenicus, Gr. Economy.]

Defn: General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which concerns the whole church; as, an ecumenical council. [Written also .] Ecumenical Bishop, a title assumed by the popes. — Ecumenical council. See under Council.

ECURIE Ec"u*rie, n. Etym: [F. See Equerry.]

Defn: A stable.

ECZEMA Ec"ze*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kzema; "ek out + zei^n to boil.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small vesicles, and the discharge of a watery exudation, which often dries up, leaving the skin covered with crusts; — called also tetter, milk crust, and salt rheum.

ECZEMATOUS Ec*zem"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to eczema; having the characteristic of eczema.

-ED -ed.

Defn: The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak, verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns; as, pigmented; talented.

EDACIOUS E*da"cious, a. Etym: [L. edax, edacis, fr. edere to eat.]

Defn: Given to eating; voracious; devouring. Swallowed in the depths of edacious Time. Carlyle. — E*da"cious*ly, adv. — E*da"cious*ness, n.

EDACITY E*dac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. edacitas.]

Defn: Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity. Bacon.

EDAM; EDAM CHEESE E"dam, n., or Edam cheese.

Defn: A Dutch pressed cheese of yellow color and fine flavor, made in balls weighing three or four pounds, and usually colored crimson outside; — so called from the village of Edam, near Amsterdam. Also, cheese of the same type, wherever made.

EDDA Ed"da, n.; pl. Eddas. Etym: [Icel., lit. great-grandmother (i. e., of Scandinavian poetry), so called by Bishop Brynjúlf Sveinsson, who brought it again to light in 1643.]

Defn: The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas (legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes.

Note: There are two Eddas. The older, consisting of 39 poems, was reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland between 1050 and 1133. The younger or prose Edda, called also the Edda of Snorri, is the work of several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri Sturleson, who was born in 1178.

EDDAIC; EDDIC Ed*da"ic, Ed"dic, a.

Defn: Relating to the Eddas; resembling the Eddas.

EDDER Ed"der, n. Etym: [See Adder.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An adder or serpent. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

EDDER Ed"der, n. Etym: [AS. edor hedge, fence; akin to etar.]

Defn: Flexible wood worked into the top of hedge stakes, to bind them together. [Obs.] Tusser.

EDDER Ed"der, v. t.

Defn: To bind the top interweaving edder; as, to edder a hedge. [Obs.]

EDDISH Ed"dish, n. Etym: [AS. edisc; cf. AS. pref. ed- again, anew. Cf. Eddy, and Arrish.]

Defn: Aftermath; also, stubble and stubble field. See Arrish. [Eng.]

EDDOES Ed"does, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: The tubers of Colocasia antiquorum. See Taro.

EDDY Ed"dy, n.; pl. Eddies. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. i; cf. Icel. pref. i back, AS. ed-, OS. idug-, OHG. ita-; Goth. id-.]

1. A current of air or water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main current.

2. A current of water or air moving in a circular direction; a whirlpool. And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden. Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. Addison.

Note: Used also adjectively; as, eddy winds. Dryden.

EDDY Ed"dy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eddied; p. pr. & vb. n. Eddying.]

Defn: To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle. Eddying round and round they sink. Wordsworth.

EDDY Ed"dy, v. t.

Defn: To collect as into an eddy. [R.] The circling mountains eddy in From the bare wild the dissipated storm. Thomson.

EDDY CURRENT Ed"dy cur"rent. (Elec.)

Defn: An induced electric current circulating wholly within a mass of metal; — called also Foucault current.

EDDY KITE Ed"dy kite. Called also Malay kite. [After William A. Eddy, American kite expert.]

Defn: A quadrilateral, tailless kite, with convex surfaces exposed to the wind. This kite was extensively used by Eddy in his famous meteorological experiments. It is now generally superseded by the box kite.

EDELWEISS E"del*weiss, n. Etym: [G., fr. edel noble + weiss white.] (Bot.)

Defn: A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (Leontopodium alpinum), growing at high elevations in the Alps.

EDEMA E*de"ma, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as oedema.

EDEMATOUS; EDEMATOSE E*de"ma*tous, or E*de"ma*tose`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Same as oedematous.

EDEN E"den, n. Etym: [Heb. eden delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.]

Defn: The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence.

EDENIC E*den"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic. "Edenic joys." Mrs. Browning.

EDENITE E"den*ite, n. Etym: [From Edenville, N. Y.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of amphibole. See Amphibole.

EDENIZED E"den*ized, a.

Defn: Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr. ).

EDENTAL E*den"tal, a.

Defn: See Edentate, a. — n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Edentata.

EDENTALOUS E*den"tal*ous, a.

Defn: See Edentate, a.

EDENTATA E`den*ta"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from L. edentatus, p. p. of edentare to render toothless; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and anteaters; — called also Bruta. The incisor teeth are rarely developed, and in some groups all the teeth are lacking.

EDENTATE E*den"tate, a.

1. Destitute of teeth; as, an edentate quadruped; an edentate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Edentata.

EDENTATE E*den"tate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Edentata.

EDENTATED E*den`ta*ted, a.

Defn: Same as Edentate, a.

EDENTATION E`den*ta"tion, n.

Defn: A depriving of teeth. [R.] Cockeram.

EDENTULOUS E*den"tu*lous, a. Etym: [L. edentulus; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.]

Defn: Toothless.

EDGE Edge, n. Etym: [OE. eg, egge, AS. ecg; akin to OHG. ekka, G. ecke, Icel. & Sw. egg, Dan. eg, and to L. acies, Gr. a edge. Egg, v. t., Eager, Ear spike of corn, Acute.]

1. The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as, the edge of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence, figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc. He which hath the sharp sword with two edges. Rev. ii. 12. Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword. Shak.

2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge; as, the edge of a table, a precipice. Upon the edge of yonder coppice. Shak. In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge Of battle. Milton. Pursue even to the very edge of destruction. Sir W. Scott.

3. Sharpness; readiness of fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of desire. The full edge of our indignation. Sir W. Scott. Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do not set an edge upon them by our fears and by our vices. Jer. Taylor.

4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning or early part; as, in the edge of evening. "On the edge of winter." Milton. Edge joint (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a corner. — Edge mill, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll around on their edges, on a level circular bed; — used for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also Chilian mill. — Edge molding (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of two curves meeting in an angle. — Edge plane. (a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards. (b) (Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles. — Edge play, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed. — Edge rail. (Railroad) (a) A rail set on edge; — applied to a rail of more depth than width. (b) A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch. Knight. — Edge railway, a railway having the rails set on edge. — Edge stone, a curbstone. — Edge tool. (a) Any tool instrument having a sharp edge intended for cutting. (b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging tool. — To be on edge, to be eager, impatient, or anxious. — To set the teeth on edge, to cause a disagreeable tingling sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them. Bacon.

EDGE Edge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edged; p. pr. & vb. n. Edging.]

1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen. To edge her champion's sword. Dryden.

2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool.

3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress; to edge a garden with box. Hills whose tops were edged with groves. Pope.

4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.] By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged. Hayward.

5. To move by little and little or cautiously, as by pressing forward edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards. Locke.

EDGE Edge, v. i.

1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this way.

2. To sail close to the wind. I must edge up on a point of wind. Dryden. To edge away or off (Naut.), to increase the distance gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object. — To edge down (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the windward. — To edge in, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees. — To edge in with, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to advance gradually, but not directly, toward it.

EDGEBONE Edge"bone`, n.

Defn: Same as Aitchbone.

EDGELESS Edge"less, a.

Defn: Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; as, an edgeless sword or weapon.

EDGELONG Edge"long, adv.

Defn: In the direction of the edge. [Obs.] Three hundred thousand pieces have you stuck Edgelong into the ground. B. Jonson.

EDGESHOT Edge"shot, a. (Carp.)

Defn: Having an edge planed, — said of a board. Knight.

EDGEWAYS; EDGEWISE Edge"ways, Edge"wise, adv.

Defn: With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge. Glad to get in a word, as they say, edgeways. Sir W. Scott.

EDGING Edg"ing, n.

1. That which forms an edge or border, as the fringe, trimming, etc., of a garment, or a border in a garden. Dryden.

2. The operation of shaping or dressing the edge of anything, as of a piece of metal. Edging machine, a machine tool with a revolving cutter, for dressing edges, as of boards, or metal plates, to a pattern or templet.

EDGINGLY Edg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Gradually; gingerly. [R.]

EDGY Edg"y, a. Etym: [From Edge.]

1. Easily irritated; sharp; as, an edgy temper.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too sharply defined. "An edgy style of sculpture." Hazlitt.

EDH Edh, n.

Defn: The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter edh, capital form th in a similar word: oedher, other, dôedh, doth." March.

EDIBILITY Ed`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Suitableness for being eaten; edibleness.

EDIBLE Ed"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. edibilis, fr. edere to eat. See Eat.]

Defn: Fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent; as, edible fishes. Bacon. — n.

Defn: Anything edible. Edible bird's nest. See Bird's nest,

2. — Edible crab (Zoöl.), any species of crab used as food, esp. the American blue crab (Callinectes hastatus). See Crab. — Edible frog (Zoöl.), the common European frog (Rana esculenta), used as food. — Edible snail (Zoöl.), any snail used as food, esp. Helix pomatia and H. aspersa of Europe.

EDIBLENESS Ed"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Suitableness for being eaten.

EDICT E"dict, n. Etym: [L. edictum, fr. edicere, edictum, to declare, proclaim; e out + dicere to say: cf. F. édit. See Diction.]

Defn: A public command or ordinance by the sovereign power; the proclamation of a law made by an absolute authority, as if by the very act of announcement; a decree; as, the edicts of the Roman emperors; the edicts of the French monarch. It stands as an edict in destiny. Shak. Edict of Nantes (French Hist.), an edict issued by Henry IV. (A. D. 1598), giving toleration to Protestants. Its revocation by Louis XIV. (A. D. 1685) was followed by terrible persecutions and the expatriation of thousands of French Protestants.

Syn. — Decree; proclamation; law; ordinance; statute; rule; order; manifesti; command. See Law.

EDICTAL E*dic"tal, a.

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, edicts; as, the Roman edictal law.

EDIFICANT Ed"i*fi*cant, a. Etym: [L. aedificans, -antis, p. pr. of aedificare. See Edify.]

Defn: Building; constructing. [R.] Dugard.

EDIFICATION Ed`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. aedificatio: cf. F. édification. See Edify.]

1. The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a building up, especially in a moral or spiritual sense; moral, intellectual, or spiritual improvement; instruction. The assured edification of his church. Bp. Hall. Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with what may tend to their edification. Addison.

2. A building or edifice. [Obs.] Bullokar.

EDIFICATORY Ed"i*fi*ca`to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to edification. Bp. Hall.

EDIFICE Ed"i*fice, n. Etym: [L. aedificium, fr. aedificare: cf. F. édifice. See Edify.]

Defn: A building; a structure; an architectural fabric; — chiefly applied to elegant houses, and other large buildings; as, a palace, a church, a statehouse.

EDIFICIAL Ed`i*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. aedificialis.]

Defn: Pertaining to an edifice; structural.

EDIFIER Ed"i*fi`er, n.

1. One who builds. [Obs.]

2. One who edifies, builds up, or strengthens another by moral or religious instruction.

EDIFY Ed"i*fy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Edified; p. pr. & vb. n. Edifying.] Etym: [F. édifier, L. aedificare; aedes a building, house, orig., a fireplace (akin to Gr. idh to kindle, OHG. eit funeral pile, AS. ad, OIr. aed fire) + facere to make. See Fact, -fy.]

1. To build; to construct. [Archaic] There was a holy chapel edified. Spenser.

2. To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious knowledge; to teach. It does not appear probable that our dispute [about miracles] would either edify or enlighten the public. Gibbon.

3. To teach or persuade. [Obs.] Bacon.

EDIFY Ed"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To improve. [R.] Swift.

EDIFYING Ed"i*fy`ing, a.

Defn: Instructing; improving; as, an edifying conversation. — Ed"i*fy`ing*ly, adv. — Ed"i*fy`ing*ness, n.

EDILE E"dile, n. Etym: [L. aedilis: cf. F. édile. Cf. Ædile.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: See Ædile.

EDILESHIP E"dile*ship, n.

Defn: The office of ædile. T. Arnold.

EDINGTONITE Ed"ing*ton*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A grayish white zeolitic mineral, in tetragonal crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta.

EDIT Ed"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edited; p. pr. & vb. n. Editing.] Etym: [F. éditer, or L. editus, p. p. of edere to give out, put forth, publish; e out + dare to give. See Date a point of time.]

Defn: To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper. Philosophical treatises which have never been edited. Enfield.

EDITION E*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. editio, fr. edere to publish; cf. F. édition. See Edit.]

1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner; as, a good edition of Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare.

2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time; as, the first edition was soon sold.

EDITION DE LUXE É`di`tion" de luxe". Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Luxe.

EDITIONER E*di`tion*er, n.

Defn: An editor. [Obs.]

EDITOR Ed"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., that which produces, from edere to publish: cf. F. éditeur.]

Defn: One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends, revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc., for publication.

EDITORIAL Ed`i*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an editor; as, editorial labors; editorial remarks. editorial content

EDITORIAL Ed`i*to"ri*al, n.

Defn: A leading article in a newspaper or magazine; an editorial article; an article published as an expression of the views of the editor.

EDITORIALLY Ed`i*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner or character of an editor or of an editorial article.

EDITORSHIP Ed"i*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence of a publication.

EDITRESS Ed"i*tress, n.

Defn: A female editor.

EDITUATE E*dit"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. aedituatus, p. p. of aedituare, fr. L. aedituus a temple warden; aedes building, temple + tueri to guard.]

Defn: To guard as a churchwarden does. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

EDOMITE E"dom*ite, n.

Defn: One of the descendants of Esau or Edom, the brother of Jacob; an Idumean.

EDRIOPHTHALMA Ed`ri*oph*thal"ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Crustacea in which the eyes are without stalks; the Arthrostraca. [Written also Edriophthalmata.]

EDRIOPHTHALMOUS Ed`ri*oph*thal"mous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Edriophthalma.

EDUCABILITY Ed`u*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éducabilité.]

Defn: Capability of being educated.

EDUCABLE Ed"u*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éducable.]

Defn: Capable of being educated. "Men are educable." M. Arnold.

EDUCATE Ed"u*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educated; p. pr. & vb. n. Educating.] Etym: [L. educatus, p. p. of educare to bring up a child physically or mentally, to educate, fr. educere to Educe.]

Defn: To bring as, to educate a child; to educate the eye or the taste.

Syn. — To develop; instruct; teach; inform; enlighten; edify; bring up; train; breed; rear; discipline; indoctrinate.

EDUCATED Ed"u*ca`ted, a.

Defn: Formed or developed by education; as, an educated man.

EDUCATION Ed`u*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. educatio; cf. F. éducation.]

Defn: The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of character, acquired; also, the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course of study or discipline; as, an education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education. To prepare us for complete living is the function which education has to discharge. H. Spenser.

Syn. — Education, Instruction, Teaching, Training, Breeding. Education, properly a drawing forth, implies not so much the communication of knowledge as the discipline of the intellect, the establishment of the principles, and the regulation of the heart. Instruction is that part of education which furnishes the mind with knowledge. Teaching is the same, being simply more familiar. It is also applied to practice; as, teaching to speak a language; teaching a dog to do tricks. Training is a department of education in which the chief element is exercise or practice for the purpose of imparting facility in any physical or mental operation. Breeding commonly relates to the manners and outward conduct.

EDUCATIONAL Ed`u*ca"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to education. "His educational establishment." J. H. Newman.

EDUCATIONIST Ed`u*ca"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in the theories of, or who advocates and promotes, education.

EDUCATIVE Ed"u*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éducatif.]

Defn: Tending to educate; that gives education; as, an educative process; an educative experience.

EDUCATOR Ed"u*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who educates; a teacher.

EDUCE E*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educed; p. pr. & vb. n. Educing.] Etym: [L. educere; e out + ducere to lead. See Duke.]

Defn: To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; as, to educe a form from matter. The eternal art educing good from ill. Pope. They want to educe and cultivate what is best and noblest in themselves. M. Arnold.

EDUCIBLE E*du"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being educed.

EDUCT E"duct, n. Etym: [L. eductum, fr. educere.]

Defn: That which is educed, as by analysis. Sir W. Hamilton.

EDUCTION E*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. eductio.]

Defn: The act of drawing out or bringing into view. Eduction pipe, and Eduction port. See Exhaust pipe and Exhaust port, under Exhaust, a.

EDUCTIVE E*duc"tive, a.

Defn: Tending to draw out; extractive.

EDUCTOR E*duc"tor, n. Etym: [L., tutor.]

Defn: One who, or that which, brings forth, elicits, or extracts. Stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether. E. Darwin.

EDULCORANT E*dul"co*rant, a. Etym: [See Edulcorate.]

Defn: Having a tendency to purify or to sweeten by removing or correcting acidity and acrimony.

EDULCORANT E*dul"co*rant, n.

Defn: An edulcorant remedy.

EDULCORATE E*dul"co*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edulcorated; p. pr. & vb. n. Edulcorating.] Etym: [L. e oudulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare to sweeten, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet: cf. F. édulcorer.]

1. To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity. Succory . . . edulcorated with sugar and vinegar. Evelyn.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To free from acids, salts, or other soluble substances, by washing; to purify. [R.]

EDULCORATION E*dul`co*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. édulcoration.]

1. The act of sweetening or edulcorating.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of freeing from acids or any soluble substances, by affusions of water. [R.] Ure.

EDULCORATIVE E*dul"co*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to

EDULCORATOR E*dul"co*ra`tor, n.

Defn: A contrivance used to supply small quantities of sweetened liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to test tubes, etc.; a dropping bottle.

EDULIOUS E*du"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. edulis, fr. edere to eat.]

Defn: Edible. [Obs.] "Edulious pulses." Sir T. Browne.

-EE -ee. Etym: [Formed on the F. p. p. ending -é, masc.]

Defn: A suffix used, chiefly in law terms, in a passive signification, to indicate the direct or indirect object of an action, or the one to whom an act is done or on whom a right is conferred; as in assignee, donee, alienee, grantee, etc. It is correlative to -or, the agent or doer.

EEK; EEKE Eek, Eeke, v. t.

Defn: See Eke. [Obs.] Spenser.

EEL Eel, n. Etym: [AS. ; akin to D., G., & Dan. aal, Icel. all, Sw. ål.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus.

EELBUCK Eel"buck`, n.

Defn: An eelpot or eel basket.

EELFARE Eel"fare`, n. Etym: [Eel + fare a journey or passage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brood of eels. [Prov. Eng.]

EELGRASS Eel"grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Zostera marina), with very long and narrow leaves, growing abundantly in shallow bays along the North Atlantic coast.

EEL-MOTHER Eel"-moth`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The eelpout.

EELPOT Eel"pot`, n.

Defn: A boxlike structure with funnel-shaped traps for catching eels; an eelbuck.

EELPOUT Eel"pout`, n. Etym: [AS. .] (Zoöl.) (a) A European fish (Zoarces viviparus), remarkable for producing living young; — called also greenbone, guffer, bard, and Maroona eel. Also, an American species (Z. anguillaris), — called also mutton fish, and, erroneously, congo eel, ling, and lamper eel. Both are edible, but of little value. (b) A fresh-water fish, the burbot.

EELSPEAR Eel"spear`, n.

Defn: A spear with barbed forks for spearing eels.

E'EN E'en, adv.

Defn: A contraction for even. See Even. I have e'en done with you. L'Estrange.

EEN Een, n.

Defn: The old plural of Eye. And eke with fatness swollen were his een. Spenser.

E'ER E'er, adv.

Defn: A contraction for ever. See Ever.

EERIE; EERY Ee"rie, Ee"ry, a. Etym: [Scotch, fr. AS. earh timid.]

1. Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts; wild; weird; as, eerie stories. She whose elfin prancer springs By night to eery warblings. Tennyson.

2. Affected with fear; affrighted. Burns.

EERILY Ee"ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a strange, unearthly way.

EERISOME Ee"ri*some, a.

Defn: Causing fear; eerie. [Scot.]

EET Eet, obs. imp.

Defn: of Eat. Chaucer.

EFFABLE Ef"fa*ble, a. Etym: [L. effabilis; ex out + fari to speak.]

Defn: Capable of being uttered or explained; utterable. Barrow.

EFFACE Ef*face", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Effacing.] Etym: [F. effacer; pref. es- (L. ex) + face face; prop., to destroy the face or form. See Face, and cf. Deface.]

1. To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed upon a surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to erase; to render illegible or indiscernible; as, to efface the letters on a monument, or the inscription on a coin.

2. To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away. Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received. Bacon.

Syn. — To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel; destroy. — Efface, Deface. To deface is to injure or impair a figure; to efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible.

EFFACEABLE Ef*face"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being effaced.

EFFACEMENT Ef*face"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effacement.]

Defn: The act if effacing; also, the result of the act.

EFFASCINATE Ef*fas"ci*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. effascinare.]

Defn: To charm; to bewitch. [Obs.] Heywood.

EFFASCINATION Ef*fas`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effascinatio.]

Defn: A charming; state of being bewitched or deluded. [Obs.]

EFFECT Ef*fect", n. Etym: [L. effectus, fr. efficere, effectum, to effect; ex + facere to make: cf. F. effet, formerly also spelled effect. See Fact.]

1. Execution; performance; realization; operation; as, the law goes into effect in May. That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it. Shak.

2. Manifestation; expression; sign. All the large effects That troop with majesty. Shak.

3. In general: That which is produced by an agent or cause; the event which follows immediately from an antecedent, called the cause; result; consequence; outcome; fruit; as, the effect of luxury. The effect is the unfailing index of the amount of the cause. Whewell.

4. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced. Patchwork . . . introduced for oratorical effect. J. C. Shairp. The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place. W. Irving.

5. Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account; as, to speak with effect.

6. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; — with to. They spake to her to that effect. 2 Chron. xxxiv. 22.

7. The purport; the sum and substance. "The effect of his intent." Chaucer.

8. Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance. No other in effect than what it seems. Denham.

9. pl.

Defn: Goods; movables; personal estate; — sometimes used to embrace real as well as personal property; as, the people escaped from the town with their effects. For effect, for an exaggerated impression or excitement. — In effect, in fact; in substance. See 8, above. — Of no effect, Of none effect, To no effect, or Without effect, destitute of results, validity, force, and the like; vain; fruitless. "Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition." Mark vii. 13. "All my study be to no effect." Shak. — To give effect to, to make valid; to carry out in practice; to push to its results. — To take effect, to become operative, to accomplish aims. Shak.

Syn. — Effect, Consequence, Result. These words indicate things which arise out of some antecedent, or follow as a consequent. Effect, which may be regarded as the generic term, denotes that which springs directly from something which can properly be termed a cause. A consequence is more remote, not being strictly caused, nor yet a mere sequence, but following out of and following indirectly, or in the train of events, something on which it truly depends. A result is still more remote and variable, like the rebound of an elastic body which falls in very different directions. We may foresee the effects of a measure, may conjecture its consequences, but can rarely discover its final results. Resolving all events, with their effects And manifold results, into the will And arbitration wise of the Supreme. Cowper. Shun the bitter consequence, for know, The day thou eatest thereof, . . . thou shalt die. Milton.

EFFECT Ef*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effected; p. pr. & vb. n. Effecting.]

1. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be. So great a body such exploits to effect. Daniel.

2. To bring to pass; to execute; to enforce; to achieve; to accomplish. To effect that which the divine counsels had decreed. Bp. Hurd. They sailed away without effecting their purpose. Jowett (Th. ).

Syn. — To accomplish; fulfill; achieve; complete; execute; perform; attain. See Accomplish.

EFFECTER Ef*fect"er, n.

Defn: One who effects.

EFFECTIBLE Ef*fect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being done or achieved; practicable; feasible. Sir T. Browne.

EFFECTION Ef*fec"tion, n. Etym: [L. effectio: cf. F. effection.]

Defn: Creation; a doing. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

EFFECTIVE Ef*fect"ive, a. Etym: [L. effectivus: cf. F. effectif.]

Defn: Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable; operative; as, an effective force, remedy, speech; the effective men in a regiment. They are not effective of anything, nor leave no work behind them. Bacon. Whosoever is an effective, real cause of doing his heighbor wrong, is criminal. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. — Efficient; forcible; active; powerful; energetic; competent. See Effectual.

EFFECTIVE Ef*fect"ive, n.

1. That which produces a given effect; a cause. Jer. Taylor.

2. One who is capable of active service. He assembled his army — 20,000 effectives — at Corinth. W. P. Johnston.

3. Etym: [F. effectif real, effective, real amount.] (Com.)

Defn: Specie or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; — a term used in many parts of Europe. Simmonds.

EFFECTIVELY Ef*fect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: With effect; powerfully; completely; thoroughly.

EFFECTIVENESS Ef*fect"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being effective.

EFFECTLESS Ef*fect"less, a.

Defn: Without effect or advantage; useless; bootless. Shak. — Ef*fect"less*ly, adv.

EFFECTOR Ef*fect"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An effecter. Derham.

EFFECTUAL Ef*fec"tu*al, a. Etym: [See Effect, n.]

Defn: Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive. Shak. Effectual steps for the suppression of the rebellion. Macaulay. Effectual calling (Theol.), a doctrine concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and acceptance of salvation by Christ, — one of the five points of Calvinism. See Calvinism.

Syn. — Effectual, Efficacious, Effective. An efficacious remedy is had recourse to, and proves effective if it does decided good, effectual if it does all the good desired. C. J. Smith.

EFFECTUALLY Ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv.

1. With effect; efficaciously.

2. Actually; in effect. [Obs.] Fuller.

EFFECTUALNESS Ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being effectual.

EFFECTUATE Ef*fec"tu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effectuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Effectuating.] Etym: [Cf. F. effectuer. See Effect, n. & v. t.]

Defn: To bring to pass; to effect; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfill. A fit instrument to effectuate his desire. Sir P. Sidney. In order to effectuate the thorough reform. G. T. Curtis.

EFFECTUATION Ef*fec`tu*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of effectuating.

EFFECTUOSE; EFFECTUOUS Ef*fec"tu*ose`, Ef*fec"tu*ous, a.

Defn: Effective. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EFFECTUOUSLY Ef*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Effectively. [Obs.]

EFFEMINACY Ef*fem"i*na*cy, n.; pl. Effeminacies. Etym: [From Effeminate.]

Defn: Characteristic quality of a woman, such as softness, luxuriousness, delicacy, or weakness, which is unbecoming a man; womanish delicacy or softness; — used reproachfully of men. Milton.

EFFEMINATE Ef*fem"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. effeminatus, p. p. of effeminare to make a woman of; ex out + femina a woman. See Feminine, a.]

1. Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy, luxuriousness, etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; womanish; weak. The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became effeminate, and less sensible of honor. Bacon. An effeminate and unmanly foppery. Bp. Hurd.

2. Womanlike; womanly; tender; — in a good sense. Gentle, kind, effeminate remorse. Shak.

Note: Effeminate and womanish are generally used in a reproachful sense; feminine and womanly, applied to women, are epithets of propriety or commendation.

EFFEMINATE Ef*fem"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effeminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Effeminating.]

Defn: To make womanish; to make soft and delicate; to weaken. It will not corrupt or effeminate children's minds. Locke.

EFFEMINATE Ef*fem"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To grow womanish or weak. In a slothful peace both courage will effeminate and manners corrupt. Pope.

EFFEMINATELY Ef*fem"i*nate*ly, adv.

1. In an effeminate or womanish manner; weakly; softly; delicately. "Proud and effeminately gay." Fawkes.

2. By means of a woman; by the power or art of a woman. [R.] "Effeminately vanquished." Milton.

EFFEMINATENESS Ef*fem"i*nate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being effeminate; unmanly softness. Fuller.

EFFEMINATION Ef*fem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effeminatio.]

Defn: Effeminacy; womanishness. [Obs.] Bacon.

EFFEMINIZE Ef*fem"i*nize, v. t.

Defn: To make effeminate. [Obs.]

EFFENDI Ef*fen"di, n. Etym: [Turk. efendi, fr. Modern Gr. Authentic.]

Defn: Master; sir; — a title of a Turkish state official and man of learning, especially one learned in the law.

EFFERENT Ef"fe*rent, a. Etym: [L. efferens, -entis, p. pr. of effere to bear out; ex out + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) (a) Conveying outward, or discharging; — applied to certain blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, etc. (b) Conveyed outward; as, efferent impulses, i. e., such as are conveyed by the motor or efferent nerves from the central nervous organ outwards; — opposed to afferent.

EFFERENT Ef"fe*rent, n.

Defn: An efferent duct or stream.

EFFEROUS Ef"fer*ous, a. Etym: [L. efferus savage; ex (intens.) + ferus wild.]

Defn: Like a wild beast; fierce. [Obs.]

EFFERVESCE Ef`fer*vesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effervesced; p. pr. & vb. n. Effervescing.] Etym: [L. effervescere; ex + fervescere to begin boiling, incho., fr. fervere to boil. See Fervent.]

1. To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in a gaseous form.

2. To exhibit, in lively natural expression, feelings that can not be repressed or concealed; as, to effervesce with joy or merriment.

EFFERVESCENCE; EFFERVESCENCY Ef`fer*ves"cence, Ef`fer*ves"cen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effervescence.]

Defn: A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which takes place when some part of the mass flies off in a gaseous form, producing innumerable small bubbles; as, the effervescence of a carbonate with citric acid.

EFFERVESCENT Ef`fer*ves"cent, a. Etym: [L. effervescences, p. pr. of effervescere: cf. F. effervescent.]

Defn: Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of gas

EFFERVESCIBLE Ef`fer*ves"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of effervescing.

EFFERVESCIVE Ef`fer*ves"cive, a.

Defn: Tending to produce effervescence. "An effervescive force." Hickok.

EFFET Ef"fet, n. Etym: [See Eft, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common newt; — called also asker, eft, evat, and ewt.

EFFETE Ef*fete", a. Etym: [L. effetus that has brought forth, exhausted; ex + fetus that has brought forth. See Fetus.]

Defn: No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy; incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren; sterile. Effete results from virile efforts. Mrs. Browning If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . . they may seek new ones. Burke.

EFFICACIOUS Ef`fi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. eficax, -acis, fr. efficere. See Effect, n.]

Defn: Possessing the quality of being effective; productive of, or powerful to produce, the effect intended; as, an efficacious law.

Syn. — See Effectual. — Ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv. — Ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n.

EFFICACITY Ef`fi*cac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. efficacitas: cf. F. efficacité.]

Defn: Efficacy. [R.] J. Fryth.

EFFICACY Ef"fi*ca*cy, n. Etym: [L. efficacia, fr. efficax. See Efficacious.]

Defn: Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or force; production of the effect intended; as, the efficacy of medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of prayer. "Of noxious efficacy." Milton.

Syn. — Virtue; force; energy; potency; efficiency.

EFFICIENCE; EFFICIENCY Ef*fi"cience, Ef*fi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. efficientia.]

1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency. The manner of this divine efficiency being far above us. Hooker.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: The ratio of useful work to energy expended. Rankine. Efficiency of a heat engine, the ratio of the work done an engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it.

EFFICIENT Ef*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. efficiens, -entis, p. pr. of efficere to effect: cf. F. efficient. See Effect, n.]

Defn: Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient officer, power. The efficient cause is the working cause. Wilson.

Syn. — Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable; material; potent.

EFFICIENT Ef*fi"cient, n.

Defn: An efficient cause; a prime mover. God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an efficient only. Hooker.

EFFICIENTLY Ef*fi"cient*ly, adv.

Defn: With effect; effectively.

EFFIERCE Ef*fierce", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- (intens.) + fierce.]

Defn: To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFIGIAL Ef*fig"i*al, a.

Defn: Relating to an effigy.

EFFIGIATE Ef*fig"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. effigiatus, p. p. of effigiare to form, fr. effigies. See Effigy.]

Defn: To form as an effigy; hence, to fashion; to adapt. [He must] effigiate and conform himself to those circumstances. Jer. Taylor.

EFFIGIATION Ef*fig`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. effigiatio.]

Defn: The act of forming in resemblance; an effigy. Fuller.

EFFIGIES Ef*fig"i*es, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Effigy. Dryden.

EFFIGY Ef"fi*gy, n.; pl. Effigies. Etym: [L. effigies, fr. effingere to form, fashion; ex + fingere to form, shape, devise. See Feign.]

Defn: The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; — commonly applied to sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or to those of the heads of princes on coins and medals, sometimes applied to portraits. To burn, or To hang, in effigy, to burn or to hang an image or picture of a person, as a token of public odium.

EFFLAGITATE Ef*flag"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. efflagitatus, p. p. of efflagitare.]

Defn: To ask urgently. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EFFLATE Ef*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. efflatus, p. p. of efflare to blow or breathe out; ex + flare to blow.]

Defn: To fill with breath; to puff up. Sir T. Herbert.

EFFLATION Ef*fla"tion, n.

Defn: The act of filling with wind; a breathing or puffing out; a puff, as of wind. A soft efflation of celestial fire. Parnell.

EFFLORESCE Ef`flo*resce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effloresced; p. pr. & vb. n. Efflorescing.] Etym: [L. efflorescere to bloom, blossom; ex + florescere to begin to blossom, incho., fr. florere to blossom, fr. flos a flower. See Flower.]

1. To blossom forth. Carlyle.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To change on the surface, or throughout, to a whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder, from a gradual decomposition, esp. from the loss of water, on simple exposure to the air; as, Glauber's salts, and many others, effloresce.

3. To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization, from a slow chemical change between some of the ingredients of the matter covered and an acid proceeding commonly from an external source; as, the walls of limestone caverns sometimes effloresce with nitrate of calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of nitric acid formed in the atmosphere.

EFFLORESCENCE Ef`flo*res"cence, n. Etym: [F. efflorescence.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of flowers; blowth.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash, measles, smallpox, scarlatina, etc.

3. (Chem.) (a) The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the surface of efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc. (b) The powder or crust thus formed.

EFFLORESCENCY Ef`flo*res"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being efflorescent; efflorescence.

EFFLORESCENT Ef`flo*res"cent, a. Etym: [F. efflorescent, L. efflorescens, -entis, blooming, p. pr. of efflorescere. See Effloresce, v. i.]

1. That effloresces, or is liable to effloresce on exposure; as, an efflorescent salt.

2. Covered with an efflorescence.

EFFLOWER Ef*flow"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. effleurer.] (Leather Making)

Defn: To remove the epidermis of (a skin) with a concave knife, blunt in its middle part, — as in making chamois leather.

EFFLUENCE Ef"flu*ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. effluence.]

1. A flowing out, or emanation.

2. That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue; efflux. Bright effluence of bright essence increate! Milton. And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow. Hawthorne.

EFFLUENCY Ef"flu*en*cy, n.

Defn: Effluence.

EFFLUENT Ef"flu*ent, a. Etym: [L. effluens, -entis, p. pr. of effluere to flow out; ex + fluere to flow: cf. F. effluent. See Fluent.]

Defn: Flowing out; as, effluent beams. Parnell.

EFFLUENT Ef"flu*ent, n. (Geog.)

Defn: A stream that flows out of another stream or lake.

EFFLUVIABLE Ef*flu"vi*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being given off as an effluvium. "Effluviable matter." Boyle.

EFFLUVIAL Ef*flu"vi*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to effluvia.

EFFLUVIATE Ef*flu"vi*ate, v. i.

Defn: To give forth effluvium. [R.] "An effluviating power." Boyle.

EFFLUVIUM Ef*flu"vi*um, n.; pl. Effluvia. Etym: [L., a flowing out, fr. effluere to flow out. See Effluent, a.]

Defn: Subtile or invisible emanation; exhalation perceived by the sense of smell; especially, noisome or noxious exhalation; as, the effluvium from diseased or putrefying bodies, or from ill drainage.

EFFLUX Ef"flux, n. Etym: [See Effluent, Flux.]

1. The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion; outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer; the efflux of men's piety. It is then that the devout affections . . . are incessantly in efflux. I. Taylor.

2. That which flows out; emanation; effluence. Prime cheerer, light! . . . Efflux divine. Thomson.

EFFLUX Ef*flux", v. i.

Defn: To run out; to flow forth; to pass away. [Obs.] Boyle.

EFFLUXION Ef*flux"ion, n. Etym: [From Efflux.]

1. The act of flowing out; effusion.

2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation. Some light effluxions from spirit to spirit. Bacon.

EFFODIENT Ef*fo"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. effodiens, p. pr. of effodere to dig out; ex + fodere to dig.]

Defn: Digging up.

EFFORCE Ef*force, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Efforced; p. pr. & vb. n. Efforcing.] Etym: [OF. esforcier (F. s'efforcer to exert one's self), LL. exforciare; L. ex + fortis strong. See Force.]

Defn: To force; to constrain; to compel to yield. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFORM Ef*form", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- + form.]

Defn: To form; to shape. [Obs.] Efforming their words within their lips. Jer. Taylor.

EFFORMATION Ef`for*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act of giving shape or form. [Obs.] Ray.

EFFORT Ef"fort, n. Etym: [F. effort, OF. esfort, for esfors, esforz, fr. esforcier. See Efforce.]

1. An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object; more or less strenuous endeavor; struggle directed to the accomplishment of an object; as, an effort to scale a wall. We prize the stronger effort of his power. Pope.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A force acting on a body in the direction of its motion. Rankine.

Syn. — Endeavor; exertion; struggle; strain; straining; attempt; trial; essay. See Attempt.

EFFORT Ef"fort, v. t.

Defn: To stimulate. [Obs.] "He efforted his spirits." Fuller.

EFFORTLESS Ef"fort*less, a.

Defn: Making no effort. Southey.

EFFOSSION Ef*fos"sion, n. Etym: [L. effossio. See Effodient.]

Defn: A digging out or up. [R.] "The effossion of coins." Arbuthnot.

EFFRANCHISE Ef*fran"chise, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ex- + franchise: cf. OF. esfranchir.]

Defn: To enfranchise.

EFFRAY Ef*fray", v. t. Etym: [F. effrayer. See Affray.]

Defn: To frighten; to scare. [Obs.] Spenser.

EFFRAYABLE Ef*fray"a*ble, a.

Defn: Frightful. [Obs.] Harvey.

EFFRENATION Ef`fre*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. effrenatio, fr. effrenare to unbridle; ex + frenum a bridle.]

Defn: Unbridled license; unruliness. [Obs.] Cockeram.

EFFRONT Ef*front", v. t.

Defn: To give assurance to. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EFFRONTERY Ef*front"er*y, n.; pl. Effronteries. Etym: [F. effronterie, fr. effronté shameless, fr. L. effrons, -ontis, putting forth the forehead, i. e., barefaced, shameless; ex + frons the forehead. See Front.]

Defn: Impudence or boldness in confronting or in transgressing the bounds of duty or decorum; insulting presumptuousness; shameless boldness; barefaced assurance. Corruption lost nothing of its effrontery. Bancroft.

Syn. — Impudence; sauciness. See Impudence.

EFFRONTIT Ef*front"it, a. Etym: [F. effronté.]

Defn: Marked by impudence. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

EFFRONTUOUSLY Ef*fron"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Impudently. [Obs.] R. North.

EFFULGE Ef*fulge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effulged; p. pr. & vb. n. Effulging.] Etym: [L. effulgere to shine forth; ex + fulgere to flash, shine. See Fulgent.]

Defn: To cause to shine with abundance of light; to radiate; to beam. [R.] His eyes effulging a peculiar fire. Thomson.

EFFULGE Ef*fulge", v. i.

Defn: To shine forth; to beam.

EFFULGENCE Ef*ful"gence, n.

Defn: The state of being effulgent; extreme brilliancy; a flood of light; great luster or brightness; splendor. The effulgence of his glory abides. Milton. The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn. Beattie.

EFFULGENT Ef*ful"gent, a. Etym: [L. effulgens, -entis, p. pr. of effulgere.]

Defn: Diffusing a flood of light; shining; luminous; beaming; bright; splendid. "Effulgent rays of light." Cowper.

EFFULGENTLY Ef*ful"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an effulgent manner.

EFFUMABILITY Ef*fu`ma*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The capability of flying off in fumes or vapor. [Obs.] Boyle.

EFFUME Ef*fume", v. t. Etym: [L. effumare to emit smoke; ex + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.]

Defn: To breathe or puff out. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

EFFUND Ef*fund", v. t. Etym: [L. effundere. See Effuse.]

Defn: To pour out. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

EFFUSE Ef*fuse", a. Etym: [L. effusus, p. p. of effundere to pour out; ex + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]

1. Poured out freely; profuse. [Obs.] So should our joy be very effuse. Barrow.

2. Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal. [Obs.] Young.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Spreading loosely, especially on one side; as, an effuse inflorescence. Loudon.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading; — said of certain shells.

EFFUSE Ef*fuse", n.

Defn: Effusion; loss. "Much effuse of blood." Shak.

EFFUSE Ef*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effused; p. pr. & vb. n. Effusing.]

Defn: To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to shed. [R.] With gushing blood effused. Milton.

EFFUSE Ef*fuse", v. i.

Defn: To emanate; to issue. Thomson.

EFFUSION Ef*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. effusio: cf. F. effusion.]

1. The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood, of grace, of words, and the like. To save the effusion of my people's blood. Dryden.

2. That which is poured out, literally or figuratively. Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall be whiter than sow. Eikon Basilike. The light effusions of a heedless boy. Byron.

3. (Pathol.) (a) The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel, either by rupture of the vessel, or by exudation through its walls. It may pass into the substance of an organ, or issue upon a free surface. (b) The liquid escaping or exuded.

EFFUSIVE Ef*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Pouring out; pouring forth freely. "Washed with the effusive wave." Pope. Effusive rocks (Geol.), volcanic rocks, in distinction from so-called intrusive, or plutonic, rocks. — Ef*fu"sive*ly, adv. — Ef*fu"sive*ness, n.

EFREET Ef"reet, n.

Defn: See Afrit.

EFT Eft, n. Etym: [AS. efete lizard. See Newt.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European lizard of the genus Seps. (b) A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt (Triton punctatus).

EFT Eft, adv. Etym: [AS. eft, æft, again, back, afterward. See Aft, After.]

Defn: Again; afterwards; soon; quickly. [Obs.] I wold never eft comen into the snare. Spenser.

EFTSOON; EFTSOONS Eft*soon", Eft*soons", adv. Etym: [OE. eftsone, eftsones; AS. eft + s soon. See Eft, and Soon.]

Defn: Again; anew; a second time; at once; speedily. [Archaic] And, if he fall from his capel [horse] eftsone. Chaucer. The champion stout eftsoons dismounted. Spenser.

EGAD E*gad", interj. Etym: [Euphemistic corruption of the oath, "by God."]

Defn: An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc.

EGAL E"gal, a. Etym: [F. égal. See Equal.]

Defn: Equal; impartial. [Obs.] Shak.

EGALITY E*gal"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. egalite, F. égalité.]

Defn: Equality. Chaucer. Tennyson.

EGEAN E*ge"an, a.

Defn: See Ægean.

EGENCE E"gence, n. Etym: [L. egens, -entis, p. pr. of egere to be needy, suffer want.]

Defn: The state of needing, or of suffering a natural want. [R.] J. Grote.

EGER; EGRE E"ger, E"gre, a. Etym: [See Eager.]

Defn: Sharp; bitter; acid; sour. [Obs.] The egre words of thy friend. Chaucer.

EGER E"ger, n.

Defn: An impetuous flood; a bore. See Eagre.

EGERMINATE E*ger"mi*nate, v. i. Etym: [From L. egerminare to sprout.]

Defn: To germinate. [Obs.]

EGEST E*gest", v. t. Etym: [L. egestus, p. p. of egerere to carry out, to discharge; e out + gerere to carry.] (Physiol.)

Defn: To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement; to excrete, as the indigestible matter of the food; in an extended sense, to excrete by the lungs, skin, or kidneys.

EGESTA E*ges"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from p. p. of L. egere. See Egest.] (Physiol.)

Defn: That which is egested or thrown off from the body by the various excretory channels; excrements; — opposed to ingesta.

EGESTION E*ges"tion, n. Etym: [L. egestio.]

Defn: Act or process of egesting; a voiding. Sir M. Hale.

EGG Egg, n. Etym: [OE., fr. Icel. egg; akin to AS. æg (whence OE. ey), Sw. ägg, Dan. æg, G. & D. ei, and prob. to OSlav. aje, jaje, L. ovum, Gr. ugh, Gael. ubh, and perh. to L. avis bird. Cf. Oval.]

1. (Popularly)

Defn: The oval or roundish body laid by domestic poultry and other birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a yolk, usually surrounded by the "white" or albumen, and inclosed in a shell or strong membrane.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A simple cell, from the development of which the young of animals are formed; ovum; germ cell.

3. Anything resembling an egg in form.

Note: Egg is used adjectively, or as the first part of self- explaining compounds; as, egg beater or egg-beater, egg case, egg ladle, egg-shaped, etc. Egg and anchor (Arch.), an egg-shaped ornament, alternating with another in the form of a dart, used to enrich the ovolo; — called also egg and dart, and egg and tongue. See Anchor, n., 5. Ogilvie. — Egg cleavage (Biol.), a process of cleavage or segmentation, by which the egg undergoes endogenous division with formation of a mass of nearly similar cells, from the growth and differentiation of which the new organism is ultimately formed. See Segmentation of the ovum, under Segmentation. — Egg development (Biol.), the process of the development of an egg, by which the embryo is formed. — Egg mite (Zoöl.), any mite which devours the eggs of insects, as Nothrus ovivorus, which destroys those of the canker worm. — Egg parasite (Zoöl.), any small hymenopterous insect, which, in the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other insects. Many genera and species are known.

EGG Egg, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egged; p. pr. & vb. n. Egging.] Etym: [OE. eggen, Icel. eggja, fr. egg edge. Edge.]

Defn: To urge on; to instigate; to incite Adam and Eve he egged to ill. Piers Plowman. [She] did egg him on to tell How fair she was. Warner.

EGGAR Eg"gar, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bombycid moth of the genera Eriogaster and Lasiocampa; as, the oak eggar (L. roboris) of Europe.

EGG-BIRD Egg"-bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of tern, esp. the sooty tern (Sterna fuliginosa) of the West Indies. In the Bahama Islands the name is applied to the tropic bird, Phaëthon flavirostris.

EGG-CUP Egg"-cup`, n.

Defn: A cup used for holding an egg, at table.

EGGEMENT Eg"ge*ment, n. Etym: [Egg, v. t. + -ment.]

Defn: Instigation; incitement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGGER Egg"er, n. Etym: [See Egg, n.]

Defn: One who gathers eggs; an eggler.

EGGER Egg"er, n. Etym: [See Egg, v. t.]

Defn: One who eggs or incites.

EGGERY Egg"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where eggs are deposited (as by sea birds) or kept; a nest of eggs. [R.]

EGG-GLASS Egg"-glass`, n.

Defn: A small sandglass, running about three minutes, for marking time in boiling eggs; also, a small glass for holding an egg, at table.

EGGHOT Egg"hot`, n.

Defn: A kind of posset made of eggs, brandy, sugar, and ale. Lamb.

EGGLER Egg"ler, n.

Defn: One who gathers, or deals in, eggs.

EGGNOG Egg`nog", n.

Defn: A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and (usually) wine or spirits.

EGGPLANT Egg"plant`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Solanum Melongena), of East Indian origin, allied to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple.

EGG-SHAPED Egg"-shaped`, a.

Defn: Resembling an egg in form; ovoid.

EGGSHELL Egg"shell`, n.

1. The shell or exterior covering of an egg. Also used figuratively for anything resembling an eggshell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A smooth, white, marine, gastropod shell of the genus Ovulum, resembling an egg in form.

EGG SQUASH Egg" squash`.

Defn: A variety of squash with small egg-shaped fruit.

EGHEN E"ghen, n. pl.

Defn: Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGILOPICAL Eg`i*lop"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Ægilops.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an ægilops, or tumor in the corner of the eye.

EGILOPS Eg"i*lops, n.

Defn: See Ægilops.

EGLANDULOSE; EGLANDULOUS E*glan"du*lose`, E*glan"du*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + glandulose, glandulosus.]

Defn: Destitute of glands.

EGLANTINE Eg"lan*tine, n. Etym: [F. églantine, fr. OF. aiglent brier, hip tree, fr. (assumed) LL. acuculentus, fr. a dim. of L. acus needle; cf. F. aiguille needle. Cf. Aglet.] (Bot.) (a) A species of rose (Rosa Eglanteria), with fragrant foliage and flowers of various colors. (b) The sweetbrier (R. rubiginosa).

Note: Milton, in the following lines, has applied the name to some twinning plant, perhaps the honeysuckle. Through the sweetbrier, or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine. L'Allegro, 47. "In our early writers and in Gerarde and the herbalists, it was a shrub with white flowers." Dr. Prior.

EGLATERE Eg"la*tere, n.

Defn: Eglantine. [Obs. or R.] [Written also eglantere.] Tennyson.

EGLING Eg"ling, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European perch when two years old. [Prov. Eng.]

EGLOMERATE E*glom"er*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. e- + glomerate.]

Defn: To unwind, as a thread from a ball. [R.]

EGO E"go, n. Etym: [L., I.] (Met.)

Defn: The conscious and permanent subject of all psychical experiences, whether held to be directly known or the product of reflective thought; — opposed to non-ego.

EGOICAL E*go"i*cal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to egoism. [R.]

EGOISM E"go*ism, n. Etym: [F. égoïsme, fr. L. -ego I. See I, and cf. Egotism.]

1. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine of certain extreme adherents or disciples of Descartes and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, which finds all the elements of knowledge in the ego and the relations which it implies or provides for.

2. Excessive love and thought of self; the habit of regarding one's self as the center of every interest; selfishness; — opposed to altruism.

EGOIST E"go*ist, n. Etym: [F. égoïste. See Egoism.]

1. One given overmuch to egoism or thoughts of self. I, dullard egoist, taking no special recognition of such nobleness. Carlyle.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: A believer in egoism.

EGOISTIC; EGOISTICAL E`go*is"tic, E`go*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to egoism; imbued with egoism or excessive thoughts of self; self-loving. Ill-natured feeling, or egoistic pleasure in making men miserable. G. Eliot.

EGOISTICALLY E`go*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an egoistic manner.

EGOITY E*go"i*ty, n.

Defn: Personality. [R.] Swift.

EGOMISM E"go*mism, n.

Defn: Egoism. [R.] A. Baxter.

EGOPHONIC E`go*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, egophony.

EGOPHONY E*goph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The sound of a patient's voice so modified as to resemble the bleating of a goat, heard on applying the ear to the chest in certain diseases within its cavity, as in pleurisy with effusion.

EGOTHEISM E"go*the`ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The deification of self. [R.]

EGOTISM E"go*tism, n. Etym: [L. ego I + ending -tism for -ism, prob. influenced by other English words in -tism fr. the Greek, where t is not part of the ending, as baptism. See Egoism.]

Defn: The practice of too frequently using the word I; hence, a speaking or writing overmuch of one's self; self-exaltation; self- praise; the act or practice of magnifying one's self or parading one's own doings. The word is also used in the sense of egoism. His excessive egotism, which filled all objects with himself. Hazlitt.

Syn. — Egotism, Self-conceit, Vanity, Egoism. Self-conceit is an overweening opinion of one's talents, capacity, attractions, etc.; egotism is the acting out of self-conceit, or self-importance, in words and exterior conduct; vanity is inflation of mind arising from the idea of being thought highly of by others. It shows itself by its eagerness to catch the notice of others. Egoism is a state in which the feelings are concentrated on one's self. Its expression is egotism.

EGOTIST E"go*tist, n. Etym: [L. ego I + ending -tist for -ist. See Egotism, and cf. Egoist.]

Defn: One addicted to egotism; one who speaks much of himself or magnifies his own achievements or affairs.

EGOTISTIC; EGOTISTICAL E`go*tis"tic, E`go*tis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Addicted to, or manifesting, egotism.

Syn. — Conceited; vain; self-important; opinionated.

EGOTISTICALLY E`go*tis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With egotism.

EGOTIZE E"go*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Egotized; p. pr. & vb. n. Egotizing.] Etym: [See Egotism.]

Defn: To talk or write as an egotist. Cowper.

EGRANULOSE E*gran"u*lose`, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + granule.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no granules, as chlorophyll in certain conditions. R. Brown.

EGRE E"gre, a. & n.

Defn: See Eager, and Eagre. [Obs.]

EGREGIOUS E*gre"gious, a. Etym: [L. egregius; lit., separated or chosen from the herd, i. e., distinguished, excellent; e out + grex, gregis, herd. See Gregarious.]

Defn: Surpassing; extraordinary; distinguished (in a bad sense); — formerly used with words importing a good quality, but now joined with words having a bad sense; as, an egregious rascal; an egregious ass; an egregious mistake. The egregious impudence of this fellow. Bp. Hall. His [Wyclif's] egregious labors are not to be neglected. Milton.

EGREGIOUSLY E*gre"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: Greatly; enormously; shamefully; as, egregiously cheated.

EGREGIOUSNESS E*gre"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being egregious.

EGREMOIN Eg"re*moin, n. Etym: [See Agrimony.]

Defn: Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupatoria). [Obs.] Chaucer.

EGRESS E"gress, n. Etym: [L. egressus, fr. egredi to go out; e out + gradi to go. See Grade.]

1. The act of going out or leaving, or the power to leave; departure. Embarred from all egress and regress. Holland. Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress. Milton.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The passing off from the sun's disk of an inferior planet, in a transit.

EGRESS E*gress", v. i.

Defn: To go out; to depart; to leave.

EGRESSION E*gres"sion, n. Etym: [L. egressio.]

Defn: The act of going; egress. [R.] B. Jonson.

EGRESSOR E*gress"or, n.

Defn: One who goes out. [R.]

EGRET E"gret, n. Etym: [See Aigret, Heron.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the American egret (Ardea, or Herodias, egretta); the great egret (A. alba); the little egret (A. garzetta), of Europe; and the American snowy egret (A. candidissima). A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage. G. W. Cable.

2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the down of the thistle.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of ape.

EGRETTE E*grette", n. Etym: [See Aigrette.]

Defn: Same as Egret, n.,

2.

EGRIMONY Eg"ri*mo*ny, Etym: [Corrupted fr. agrimony.] (Bot.)

Defn: The herb agrimony. [Obs.]

EGRIMONY Eg"ri*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. aegrimonia.]

Defn: Sorrow. [Obs.]

EGRIOT E"gri*ot, n. Etym: [F. aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote; cf. aigre sour.]

Defn: A kind of sour cherry. Bacon.

EGRITUDE E"gri*tude, n. Etym: [L. aegritudo, fr. aeger sick.]

Defn: Sickness; ailment; sorrow. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

EGYPTIAN E*gyp"tian, a. Etym: [L. Aegyptius, Gr. Aegyptus) Egypt: cf. F. égyptien. Cf. Gypsy.]

Defn: Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa. Egyptian bean. (Bot.) (a) The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (Nelumbium speciosum), somewhat resembling the water lily. (b) See under Bean,

1. — Egyptian cross. See Illust. (No. 6) of Cross. — Egyptian thorn (Bot.), a medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic.

EGYPTIAN E*gyp"tian, n.

1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language.

2. A gypsy. [Obs.] Shak.

EGYPTIZE E"gypt*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egyptized; p. pr. & vb. n. Egyptizing.]

Defn: To give an Egyptian character or appearance to. Fairbairn.

EGYPTOLOGER; EGYPTOLOGIST E`gyp*tol"o*ger, E`gyp*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in the antiquities of Egypt; a student of Egyptology.

EGYPTOLOGICAL E*gyp`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or devoted to, Egyptology.

EGYPTOLOGY E`gyp*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Egypt + -logy.]

Defn: The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the hieroglyphics.

EH Eh, interj. Etym: [OE. ei, ey.]

Defn: An expression of inquiry or slight surprise.

EHLITE Eh"lite, n. Etym: [From Ehl near Linz, where it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a green color and pearly luster; a hydrous phosphate of copper.

EIDER Ei"der, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin, cf. Icel æ; akin to Sw. eider, Dan. ederfugl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of sea duck of the genus Somateria, esp. Somateria mollissima, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is an article of commerce; — called also eider duck. The American eider (S. Dresseri), the king eider (S. spectabilis), and the spectacled eider (Arctonetta Fischeri) are related species. Eider down. Etym: [Cf. Icel. æ\'ebardun, Sw. eiderdun, Dan. ederduun.] Down of the eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury.

EIDOGRAPH Ei"do*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. graph.]

Defn: An instrument for copying drawings on the same or a different scale; a form of the pantograph.

EIDOLON Ei*do"lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Idol.]

Defn: An image or representation; a form; a phantom; an apparition. Sir W. Scott.

EIGH Eigh, interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressing delight.

EIGHT Eight, n. Etym: [See Ait.]

Defn: An island in a river; an ait. [Obs.] "Osiers on their eights." Evelyn.

EIGHT Eight, a. Etym: [AS. eahta; akin to OS. ahto, OFries. achta, D. & G. acht, OHG. ahto, Icel. atta, Sw. åtta, Dan. otte, Goth. ahtau, Lith. aszt, Ir. & Gael. ochd, W. wyth, Armor. eich, eiz, L. octo, Gr. ash. Octave.]

Defn: Seven and one; as, eight years.

EIGHT Eight, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii.

EIGHTEEN Eight"een`, a. Etym: [AS. eahtat, eahtat. See Eight, and Ten, and cf. Eighty.]

Defn: Eight and ten; as, eighteen pounds.

EIGHTEEN Eight"een`, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen units or objects.

2. A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.

EIGHTEENMO Eight`een"mo, a. & n.

Defn: See Octodecimo.

EIGHTEENTH Eight"eenth`, a. Etym: [From Eighteen.]

1. Next in order after the seventeenth.

2. Consisting of one of eighteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.

EIGHTEENTH Eight"eenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by eighteen; one of eighteen equal parts or divisions.

2. The eighth after the tenth.

EIGHTETETHE Eight"e*teth`e, a. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. eahtateó; eahta eight + teó tenth. Cf. Eighteenth, Tenth.]

Defn: Eighteenth. [Obs.]

EIGHTFOLD Eight"fold`, a.

Defn: Eight times a quantity.

EIGHTH Eighth, a. Etym: [AS. eahto.]

1. Next in order after the seventh.

2. Consisting of one of eight equal divisions of a thing. Eighth note (Mus.), the eighth part of a whole note, or semibreve; a quaver.

EIGHTH Eighth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by eight; one of eight equal parts; an eighth part.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval of an octave.

EIGHTHLY Eighth"ly, adv.

Defn: As the eighth in order.

EIGHTIETH Eight"i*eth, a. Etym: [From Eighty.]

1. The next in order after seventy-ninth.

2. Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions.

EIGHTIETH Eight"i*eth, n.

Defn: The quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal parts.

EIGHTLING Eight"ling, n. Etym: [Eight + -ling.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals.

EIGHTSCORE Eight"score`, a. & n.

Defn: Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty.

EIGHTY Eight"y, a. Etym: [AS. eahtatig, where the ending -tig is akin to English ten; cf. G. achtzig. See Eight, and Ten.]

Defn: Eight times ten; fourscore.

EIGHTY Eight"y, n.

1. The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times repeated, as 80 or lxxx.

EIGNE Eigne, a. Etym: [OF. aisné, ainsné, F. aîné, fr. L. ante natus born before. Cf. Esnecy.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Eldest; firstborn. Blackstone.

2. Entailed; belonging to the eldest son. [Obs.] Bastard eigne, a bastard eldest son whose parents afterwards intermarry.

EIKING Eik"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Eking.

EIKON Ei"kon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: An image or effigy; — used rather in an abstract sense, and rarely for a work of art.

EIKONOGEN Ei*kon"o*gen, n. [Gr. e'ikw`n, e'iko`nos, image + root of gi`gnesqai to be born.] (Photog. & Chem.)

Defn: The sodium salt of a sulphonic acid of a naphthol, C10H5(OH)(NH2)SO3Na used as a developer.

EIKOSANE Ei"ko*sane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A solid hydrocarbon, C20H42, of the paraffine series, of artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum.

EIKOSYLENE Ei*kos"y*lene, n. Etym: [Gr. ylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal.

EILD Eild, n. Etym: [See Eld.]

Defn: Age. [Obs.] Fairfax.

EIRE Eire, n.

Defn: Air. [Obs.] Chaucer.

EIRENARCH Ei`re*narch, n. Etym: [See Irenarch.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A justice of the peace; irenarch.

EIRENIC Ei*ren"ic, a.

Defn: Pacific. See Irenic.

EIRIE Ei"rie, n.

Defn: See Aerie, and Eyrie.

EISEL Ei"sel, n. Etym: [OF. aisil, aissil, fr. L. acet. Cf. Acetic.]

Defn: Vinegar; verjuice. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

EISTEDDFOD Eis*tedd"fod, n. Etym: [W., session, fr. eistedd to sit.]

Defn: Am assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, — being a patriotic revival of the old custom.

EITHER Ei"ther, a. & pron. Etym: [OE. either, aither, AS. , (akin to OHG. , MHG. iegeweder); a + ge + hwæ whether. See Each, and Whether, and cf. Or, conj.]

1. One of two; the one or the other; — properly used of two things, but sometimes of a larger number, for any one. Lepidus flatters both, Of both is flattered; but he neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak. Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three. Bacon. There have been three talkers in Great British, either of whom would illustrate what I say about dogmatists. Holmes.

2. Each of two; the one and the other; both; — formerly, also, each of any number. His flowing hair In curls on either cheek played. Milton. On either side . . . was there the tree of life. Rev. xxii. 2. The extreme right and left of either army never engaged. Jowett (Thucyd).

EITHER Ei"ther, conj. Either

Defn: precedes two, or more, coördinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or. Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth. 1 Kings xviii. 27. Few writers hesitate to use either in what is called a triple alternative; such as, We must either stay where we are, proceed, or recede. Latham.

Note: Either was formerly sometimes used without any correlation, and where we should now use or. Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries either a vine, figs James iii. 12.

EJACULATE E*jac"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejaculated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ejaculating.] Etym: [L. ejaculatus, p. p. of ejaculari to throw out; e out + ejaculari to throw, fr. jaculum javelin, dart, fr. jacere to throw. See Eject.]

1. To throw out suddenly and swiftly, as if a dart; to dart; to eject. [Archaic or Technical] Its active rays ejaculated thence. Blackmore.

2. To throw out, as an exclamation; to utter by a brief and sudden impulse; as, to ejaculate a prayer.

EJACULATE E*jac"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To utter ejaculations; to make short and hasty exclamations. [R.] "Ejaculating to himself." Sir W. Scott.

EJACULATION E*jac`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éjaculation.]

1. The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and rapid flight. [Archaic or Technical] "An ejaculation or irradiation of the eye." Bacon.

2. The uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer, or the exclamation or prayer uttered. In your dressing, let there be jaculations fitted to the several actions of dressing. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of ejecting or suddenly throwing, as a fluid from a duct.

EJACULATOR E*jac"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [NL. See Ejaculate.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which helps ejaculation.

EJACULATORY E*jac"u*la*to*ry, a.

1. Casting or throwing out; fitted to eject; as, ejaculatory vessels.

2. Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; as, an ejaculatory prayer or petition.

3. Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] "Ejaculatory repentances, that take us by fits and starts." L'Estrange.

EJECT E*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejected; p. pr. & vb. n. Ejecting.] Etym: [L. ejectus, p. p. of ejicere; e out + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. To expel; to dismiss; to cast forth; to thrust or drive out; to discharge; as, to eject a person from a room; to eject a traitor from the country; to eject words from the language. "Eyes ejecting flame." H. Brooke.

2. (Law)

Defn: To cast out; to evict; to dispossess; as, to eject tenants from an estate.

Syn. — To expel; banish; drive out; discharge; oust; evict; dislodge; extrude; void.

EJECTA E*jec"ta, n. pl. [L., neut. pl. of ejectus cast out. See Eject.]

Defn: Matter ejected; material thrown out; as, the ejecta of a volcano; the ejecta, or excreta, of the body.

EJECTION E*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. ejectio: cf. F. éjection.]

1. The act of ejecting or casting out; discharge; expulsion; evacuation. "Vast ejection of ashes." Eustace. "The ejection of a word." Johnson.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of discharging anything from the body, particularly the excretions.

3. The state of being ejected or cast out; dispossession; banishment.

EJECTMENT E*ject"ment, n.

1. A casting out; a dispossession; an expulsion; ejection; as, the ejectment of tenants from their homes.

2. (Law)

Defn: A species of mixed action, which lies for the recovery of possession of real property, and damages and costs for the wrongful withholding of it. Wharton.

EJECTOR E*ject"or, n.

1. One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air from a space. Ejector condenser (Steam Engine), a condenser in which the vacuum is maintained by a jet pump.

EJOO E"joo, n. Etym: [Malay ij or hij.]

Defn: Gomuti fiber. See Gomuti.

EJULATION Ej`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ejulatio, fr. ejulare to wail, lament.]

Defn: A wailing; lamentation. [Obs.] "Ejulation in the pangs of death." Philips.

EKABOR; EKABORON Ek"a*bor`, Ek"a*bo"ron, n. Etym: [G., fr. Skr. one + G. bor, boron, E. boron.] (Chem.)

Defn: The name given by Mendelejeff in accordance with the periodic law, and by prediction, to a hypothetical element then unknown, but since discovered and named scandium; — so called because it was a missing analogue of the boron group. See Scandium.

EKALUMINIUM Ek*al`u*min"i*um, n. Etym: [Skr. one + E. aluminium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The name given to a hypothetical element, — later discovered and called gallium. See Gallium, and cf. Ekabor.

EKASILICON Ek`a*sil"i*con, n. Etym: [Skr. one + E. silicon.] (Chem.)

Defn: The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards discovered and named germanium; — so called because it was a missing analogue of the silicon group. See Germanium, and cf. Ekkabor.

EKE Eke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eked; p. pr. & vb. n. Eking.] Etym: [AS. ekan, ykan; akin to OFries, aka, OS. , OHG. ouhhon to add, Icel. auka to increase, Sw. öka, Dan. öge, Goth. aukan, L. augere, Skr. strength, ugra mighty, and probably to English wax, v. i. Cf. Augment, Nickname.]

Defn: To increase; to add to; to augment; — now commonly used with out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a scanty supply of one kind with some other. "To eke my pain." Spenser. He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds. Macaulay.

EKE Eke, adv. Etym: [AS. eác; akin to OFries. ák, OS. , D. , OHG. ouh, G. auch, Icel. auk, Sw. och and, Dan. og, Goth. auk for, but. Prob. from the preceding verb.]

Defn: In addition; also; likewise. [Obs. or Archaic] 'T will be prodigious hard to prove That this is eke the throne of love. Prior. A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper.

Note: Eke serves less to unite than to render prominent a subjoined more important sentence or notion. Mätzner.

EKE Eke, n.

Defn: An addition. [R.] Clumsy ekes that may well be spared. Geddes.

EKEBERGITE Ek"e*berg`ite, n. Etym: [From Ekeberg, a German.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of scapolite.

EKENAME Eke"name`, n. Etym: [See Nickname.]

Defn: An additional or epithet name; a nickname. [Obs.]

EKING Ek"ing, n. Etym: [From Eke, v. t.] (Shipbuilding) (a) A lengthening or filling piece to make good a deficiency in length. (b) The carved work under the quarter piece at the aft part of the quarter gallery. [Written also eiking.]

E-LA E"-la`, n.

Defn: Originally, the highest note in the scale of Guido; hence, proverbially, any extravagant saying. "Why, this is above E-la!" Beau. & Fl.

ELABORATE E*lab"o*rate, a. Etym: [L. elaboratus, p. p. of elaborare to work out; e out + laborare to labor, labor labor. See Labor.]

Defn: Wrought with labor; finished with great care; studied; executed with exactness or painstaking; as, an elaborate discourse; an elaborate performance; elaborate research. Drawn to the life in each elaborate page. Waller.

Syn. — Labored; complicated; studied; perfected; high-wrought. — E*lab"o*rate*ly, adv. — E*lab"o*rate*ness, n.

ELABORATE E*lab"o*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elaborated; p. pr. & vb. n. Elaborating.]

1. To produce with labor They in full joy elaborate a sigh, Young.

2. To perfect with painstaking; to improve or refine with labor and study, or by successive operations; as, to elaborate a painting or a literary work. The sap is . . . still more elaborated and exalted as it circulates through the vessels of the plant. Arbuthnot.

ELABORATED elaborated adj.

Defn: developed or executed with care and in minute detail; as, the carefully elaborated theme. Syn. — detailed, elaborate. [WordNet 1.5]

ELABORATION E*lab`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. elaboratio: cf. F. élaboration.]

1. The act or process of producing or refining with labor; improvement by successive operations; refinement.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by the living organs in animals and vegetables, by which a crude substance is changed into something of a higher order; as, the elaboration of food into chyme; the elaboration of chyle, or sap, or tissues.

ELABORATIVE E*lab"o*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to elaborate; constructing with labor and minute attention to details. Elaborative faculty (Metaph.), the intellectual power of discerning relations and of viewing objects by means of, or in, relations; the discursive faculty; thought.

ELABORATOR E*lab"o*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, elaborates.

ELABORATORY E*lab"o*ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to elaborate.

ELABORATORY E*lab"o*ra*to*ry, n.

Defn: A laboratory. [Obs.]

ELAEAGNUS E`læ*ag"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs or small trees, having the foliage covered with small silvery scales; oleaster.

ELAEIS E*læ"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms.

Note: Elæis Guineensis, the African oil palm, is a tree twenty or thirty feet high, with immense pinnate leaves and large masses of fruit. The berries are rather larger than olives, and when boiled in water yield the orange-red palm oil.

ELAEOLITE E*læ"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of hephelite, usually massive, of greasy luster, and gray to reddish color. Elæolite syenite, a kind of syenite characterized by the presence of elæolite.

ELAEOPTENE E`læ*op"tene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The more liquid or volatile portion of certain oily substance, as distinguished from stearoptene, the more solid parts. [Written also elaoptene.]

ELAIDATE E*la"i*date, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of elaidic acid.

ELAIDIC E`la*id"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. élaïdique. See Elaine.]

Defn: Relating to oleic acid, or elaine. Elaidic acid (Chem.), a fatty acid isomeric with oleic acid, and obtained from it by the action of nitrous acid.

ELAIDIN E*la"i*din, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élaïdine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A solid isomeric modification of olein.

ELAINE; ELAIN E*la"ine, or E*la"in, n. Etym: [Gr. élaïne.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Olein.

ELAIODIC E`lai*od"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Derived from castor oil; ricinoleic; as, elaiodic acid. [R.]

ELAIOMETER E`lai*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for determining the amount of oil contained in any substance, or for ascertaining the degree of purity of oil.

ELAMITE E"lam*ite, n.

Defn: A dweller in Flam (or Susiana), an ancient kingdom of Southwestern Asia, afterwards a province of Persia.

ELAMPING E*lamp"ing, a. Etym: [See Lamp.]

Defn: Shining. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

ELAN e`lan", b. Etym: [F., fr. élancer to dart.]

Defn: Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm.

ELANCE E*lance", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elanced; p. pr. & vb. n. Elancing.] Etym: [F. élancer, OF. eslancier; pref. es- (L. ex) + F. lancer to dart, throw, fr. lance.]

Defn: To throw as a lance; to hurl; to dart. [R.] While thy unerring hand elanced . . . a dart. Prior.

ELAND E"land, n. Etym: [D. eland elk, of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. jelen stag, Russ. oléne, Lith. elnis; perh. akin to E. elk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of large South African antelope (Oreas canna). It is valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; — called also Cape elk.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The elk or moose.

ELANET E*la"net, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kite of the genus Elanus.

ELAOLITE E*la"o*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Elæolite.

ELAOPTENE E`la*op"tene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Elæoptene.

ELAPHINE El"a*phine, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or characteristic of, the stag, or Cervus elaphus.

ELAPHURE El"a*phure, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of deer (Elaphurus Davidianus) found in china. It about four feet high at the shoulder and has peculiar antlers.

ELAPIDATION E*lap`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. elapidatus cleared from stones; e out + lapis stone.]

Defn: A clearing away of stones. [R.]

ELAPINE El"a*pine, a. Etym: [See Elaps.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Elapidæ, a family of poisonous serpents, including the cobras. See Ophidia.

ELAPS E"laps, n. Etym: [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of venomous snakes found both in America and the Old World. Many species are known. See Coral snake, under Coral.

ELAPSE E*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Elapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Elapsing.] Etym: [L. elapsus, p. p. of elabi to glide away; e out + labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.]

Defn: To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; — used chiefly in reference to time. Eight days elapsed; at length a pilgrim came. Hoole.

ELAPSION E*lap"sion, n.

Defn: The act of elapsing. [R.]

ELAQUEATE E*la"que*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. elaqueatus, p. p. of elaqueare to unfetter.]

Defn: To disentangle. [R.]

ELASIPODA El`a*sip"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of holothurians mostly found in the deep sea. They are remarkable for their bilateral symmetry and curious forms. [Written also Elasmopoda.]

ELASMOBRANCH E*las"mo*branch, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Elasmobranchii. — n.

Defn: One of the Elasmobranchii.

ELASMOBRANCHIATE E*las`mo*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Elasmobranchii. — n.

Defn: One of the Elasmobranchii.

ELASMOBRANCHII E*las`mo*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of fishes, comprising the sharks, the rays, and the Chimæra. The skeleton is mainly cartilaginous.

ELASMOSAURUS E*las`mo*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct, long-necked, marine, cretaceous reptile from Kansas, allied to Plesiosaurus.

ELASTIC E*las"tic, a. Etym: [Formed fr. Gr. alacer lively, brisk, and E. alacrity: cf. F. élastique.]

1. Springing back; having a power or inherent property of returning to the form from which a substance is bent, drawn, pressed, or twisted; springy; having the power of rebounding; as, a bow is elastic; the air is elastic; India rubber is elastic. Capable of being drawn out by force like a piece of elastic gum, and by its own elasticity returning, when the force is removed, to its former position. Paley.

2. Able to return quickly to a former state or condition, after being depressed or overtaxed; having power to recover easily from shocks and trials; as, elastic spirits; an elastic constitution. Elastic bitumen. (Min.) See Elaterite. — Elastic curve. (a) (Geom.) The curve made by a thin elastic rod fixed horizontally at one end and loaded at the other. (b) (Mech.) The figure assumed by the longitudinal axis of an originally straight bar under any system of bending forces. Rankine. — Elastic fluids, those which have the property of expanding in all directions on the removal of external pressure, as the air, steam, and other gases and vapors. — Elastic limit (Mech.), the limit of distortion, by bending, stretching, etc., that a body can undergo and yet return to its original form when relieved from stress; also, the unit force or stress required to produce this distortion. Within the elastic limit the distortion is directly proportional to the stress producing it. — Elastic tissue (Anat.), a variety of connective tissue consisting of a network of slender and very elastic fibers which are but slightly affected by acids or alkalies. — Gum elastic, caoutchouc.

ELASTIC E*las"tic, n.

Defn: An elastic woven fabric, as a belt, braces or suspenders, etc., made in part of India rubber. [Colloq.]

ELASTICAL E*las"tic*al, a.

Defn: Elastic. [R.] Bentley.

ELASTICALLY E*las"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an elastic manner; by an elastic power; with a spring.

ELASTICITY E`las*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. élasticité.]

1. The quality of being elastic; the inherent property in bodies by which they recover their former figure or dimensions, after the removal of external pressure or altering force; springiness; tendency to rebound; as, the elasticity of caoutchouc; the elasticity of the air.

2. Power of resistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork. Coefficient of elasticity, the quotient of a stress (of a given kind), by the strain (of a given kind) which it produces; — called also coefficient of resistance. — Surface of elasticity (Geom.), the pedal surface of an ellipsoid (see Pedal); a surface used in explaining the phenomena of double refraction and their relation to the elastic force of the luminous ether in crystalline media.

ELASTICNESS E*las"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being elastic; elasticity.

ELASTIN E*las"tin, n. Etym: [Elastic + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance, somewhat resembling albumin, which forms the chemical basis of elastic tissue. It is very insoluble in most fluids, but is gradually dissolved when digested with either pepsin or trypsin.

ELATE E*late", a. Etym: [L. elatus elevated, fig., elated, proud (the figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); e out + latus (used as p. p. of ferre to bear), for tlatus, and akin to E. tolerate. See Tolerate, and cf. Extol.]

1. Lifted up; raised; elevated. With upper lip elate. Fenton. And sovereign law, that State's collected will, O'er thrones and globes, elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones.

2. Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed or exalted with confidence; elated; exultant. O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate, Too soon dejected, and dejected, and too soon elate. Pope. Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem, wonderfully elate at its progress. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

Syn. — Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited; transported; delighted; overjoyed.

ELATE E*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elated; p. pr. & vb. n. Elating.]

1. To raise; to exalt. [R.] By the potent sun elated high. Thomson.

2. To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or exultation; to elevate or flush with success; to puff up; to make proud. Foolishly elated by spiritual pride. Warburton. You ought not be elated at the chance mishaps of your enemies. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

ELATEDLY E*lat"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With elation.

ELATEDNESS E*lat"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being elated.

ELATER E*lat"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, elates.

ELATER El"a*ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An elastic spiral filament for dispersing the spores, as in some liverworts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any beetle of the family Elateridæ, having the habit, when laid on the back, of giving a sudden upward spring, by a quick movement of the articulation between the abdomen and thorax; — called also click beetle, spring beetle, and snapping beetle.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The caudal spring used by Podura and related insects for leaping. See Collembola.

ELATER El"a*ter, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The active principle of elaterium, being found in the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly Motordica Elaterium) and other related species. It is extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance, which is a violent purgative.

ELATERITE El"a*ter*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral resin, of a blackish brown color, occurring in soft, flexible masses; — called also mineral caoutchouc, and elastic bitumen.

ELATERIUM El`a*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Elater.]

Defn: A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly called Momordica Elaterium).

ELATEROMETER El`a*ter*om"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Elatrometer.

ELATERY El"a*ter*y, n. Etym: [See 2d Elater.]

Defn: Acting force; elasticity. [Obs.] Ray.

ELATION E*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. elatio. See Elate.]

Defn: A lifting up by success; exaltation; inriation with pride of prosperity. "Felt the elation of triumph." Sir W. Scott.

ELATIVE E*la"tive, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Raised; lifted up; — a term applied to what is also called the absolute superlative, denoting a high or intense degree of a quality, but not excluding the idea that an equal degree may exist in other cases.

ELATROMETER El`a*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of rarefaction of air contained in the receiver of an air pump. [Spelt also elaterometer.]

ELAYL E*la"yl, n. Etym: [Gr. yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Olefiant gas or ethylene; — so called by Berzelius from its forming an oil combining with chlorine. [Written also elayle.] See Ethylene.

ELBOW El"bow, n. Etym: [AS. elboga, elnboga (akin to D. elleboga, OHG. elinbogo, G. ellbogen, ellenbogen, Icel. ; prop.; arm-bend); eln ell (orig., forearm) + boga a bending. See 1st Ell, and 4th Bow.]

1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the arm when bent. Her arms to the elbows naked. R. of Gloucester.

2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or other woodwork; the upright sides which flank any paneled work, as the sides of windows, where the jamb makes an elbow with the window back. Gwilt.

Note: Elbow is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to denote something shaped like, or acting like, an elbow; as, elbow joint; elbow tongs or elbow-tongs; elbowroom, elbow-room, or elbow room. At the elbow, very near; at hand. — Elbow grease, energetic application of force in manual labor. [Low] — Elbow in the hawse (Naut.), the twisting together of two cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by swinging completely round once. Totten. — Elbow scissors (Surg.), scissors bent in the blade or shank for convenience in cutting. Knight. — Out at elbow, with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby; in needy circumstances.

ELBOW El"bow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elbowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Elbowing.]

Defn: To push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another. They [the Dutch] would elbow our own aldermen off the Royal Exchange. Macaulay. To elbow one's way, to force one's way by pushing with the elbows; as, to elbow one's way through a crowd.

ELBOW El"bow, v. i.

1. To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the manner of an elbow.

2. To push rudely along; to elbow one's way. "Purseproud, elbowing Insolence." Grainger.

ELBOWBOARD El"bow*board`, n.

Defn: The base of a window casing, on which the elbows may rest.

ELBOWCHAIR El"bow*chair`, n.

Defn: A chair with arms to support the elbows; an armchair. Addison.

ELBOWROOM El"bow*room`, n.

Defn: Room to extend the elbows on each side; ample room for motion or action; free scope. "My soul hath elbowroom." Shak. Then came a stretch of grass and a little more elbowroom. W. G. Norris.

ELCAJA El*ca"ja, n. Etym: [Ar.] (Bot.)

Defn: An Arabian tree (Trichilia emetica). The fruit, which is emetic, is sometimes employed in the composition of an ointment for the cure of the itch.

ELCESAITE El*ce"sa*ite, n. Etym: [From Elcesai, the leader of the sect.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect of Asiatic Gnostics of the time of the Emperor Trajan.

ELD Eld, a. Etym: [AS. eald.]

Defn: Old. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ELD Eld, n. Etym: [AS. yldu, yldo, eldo, old age, fr. ald, eald, old. See Old.]

1. Age; esp., old age. [Obs. or Archaic] As sooth is said, eelde hath great avantage. Chaucer. Great Nature, ever young, yet full of eld. Spenser.

2. Old times; former days; antiquity. [Poetic] Astrologers and men of eld. Longfellow.

ELD Eld, v. i.

Defn: To age; to grow old. [Obs.]

ELD Eld, v. t.

Defn: To make old or ancient. [Obs.] Time, that eldeth all things. Rom. of R.

ELDER Eld"er, a. Etym: [AS. yldra, compar. of eald old. See Old.]

1. Older; more aged, or existing longer. Let the elder men among us emulate their own earlier deeds. Jowett (Thucyd. )

2. Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier; older; as, his elder brother died in infancy; — opposed to Ant: younger, and now commonly applied to a son, daughter, child, brother, etc. The elder shall serve the younger. Gen. xxv. 23. But ask of elder days, earth's vernal hour. Keble. Elder hand (Card Playing), the hand playing, or having the right to play, first. Hoyle.

ELDER Eld"er, n. Etym: [AS. ealdor an elder, prince, fr. eald old. See Old, and cf. Elder, a., Alderman.]

1. One who is older; a superior in age; a senior. 1 Tim. v. 1.

2. An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor. Carry your head as your elders have done. L'Estrange.

3. A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office of ruler or judge; hence, a person occupying any office appropriate to such as have the experience and dignity which age confers; as, the elders of Israel; the elders of the synagogue; the elders in the apostolic church.

Note: In the modern Presbyterian churches, elders are lay officers who, with the minister, compose the church session, with authority to inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline. In some churches, pastors or clergymen are called elders, or presbyters.

4. (M. E. Ch.)

Defn: A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments; as, a traveling elder. Presiding elder (Meth. Ch.), an elder commissioned by a bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers in a certain district. — Ruling elder, a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian church session. Schaff.

ELDER El"der, n. Etym: [OE. ellern, eller, AS. ellen, cf. LG. elloorn; perh. akin to OHG. holantar, holuntar, G. holunder; or perh. to E. alder, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs (Sambucus) having broad umbels of white flowers, and small black or red berries.

Note: The common North American species is Sambucus Canadensis; the common European species (S. nigra) forms a small tree. The red- berried elder is S. pubens. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient. Box elder. See under 1st Box. — Dwarf elder. See Danewort. — Elder tree. (Bot.) Same as Elder. Shak. — Marsh elder, the cranberry tree Viburnum Opulus).

ELDERBERRY El"der*ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The berrylike drupe of the elder. That of the Old World elder (Sambucus nigra) and that of the American sweet elder (S. Canadensis) are sweetish acid, and are eaten as a berry or made into wine.

ELDERISH Eld"er*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat old; elderly. [R.]

ELDERLY Eld"er*ly, a.

Defn: Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old age; as, elderly people.

ELDERN El"dern, a.

Defn: Made of elder. [Obs.] He would discharge us as boys do eldern guns. Marston.

ELDERSHIP Eld"er*ship, n.

1. The state of being older; seniority. "Paternity an eldership." Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Office of an elder; collectively, a body of elders.

ELDERWORT El"der*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Danewort.

ELDEST Eld"est, a. Etym: [AS. yldest, superl. of eald old. See Elder, a.]

1. Oldest; longest in duration. Shak.

2. Born or living first, or before the others, as a son, daughter, brother, etc.; first in origin. See Elder. "My lady's eldest son." Shak. Their eldest historians are of suspected credit. Bp. Stillingfleet. Eldest hand (Card Playing), the player on the dealer's left hand. R. A. Proctor.

ELDING El"ding, n. Etym: [Icel. elding, fr. elda to kindle, eldr fire; akin to AS. æld fire, ælan to burn.]

Defn: Fuel. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

EL DORADO El` Do*ra"do, pl. El Doradoes (. Etym: [Sp., lit., the gilt (sc. land); el the + dorado gilt, p. p. of dorare to gild. Cf. Dorado.]

1. A name given by the Spaniards in the 16th century to an imaginary country in the interior of South America, reputed to abound in gold and precious stones.

2. Any region of fabulous wealth; exceeding richness. The whole comedy is a sort of El Dorado of wit. T. Moore.

ELDRITCH El"dritch, a.

Defn: Hideous; ghastly; as, an eldritch shriek or laugh. [Local, Eng.]

ELEATIC E`le*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. eleaticus, from Elea (or Velia) in Italy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a certain school of Greek philosophers who taught that the only certain science is that which owes nothing to the senses, and all to the reason. — n.

Defn: A philosopher of the Eleatic school.