S (continued 14)

Defn: Producing silica; united with silica.

SILICIFICATION Si*lic`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Silicify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Thae act or process of combining or impregnating with silicon or silica; the state of being so combined or impregnated; as, the silicification of wood.

SILICIFIED Si*lic"i*fied, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica, especially the latter; as, silicified wood.

SILICIFY Si*lic"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silicified; p. pr. & vb. n. Silicifying.] Etym: [L. silex, silicis, a flint + -fy: cf. F. silicifier.] (Chem.)

Defn: To convert into, or to impregnate with, silica, or with the compounds of silicon. The specimens found . . . are completely silicified. Say.

Note: The silica may take the form of agate, chalcedony, flint, hornstone, or crystalline quartz.

SILICIFY Si*lic"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become converted into silica, or to be impregnated with silica.

SILICIOIDEA Sil`i*ci*oi"de*a, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Silicoidea.

SILICIOUS Si*li"cious, a.

Defn: See Siliceous.

SILICISPONGIAE Sil`i*ci*spon"gi*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Silex, and Sponge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Silicoidea.

SILICITED Si*lic"it*ed, a.

Defn: Silicified. [Obs.]

SILICIUM Si*lic"i*um, n.

Defn: See Silicon.

SILICIURETED Si*lic"i*u*ret`ed, a. [Written also siliciuretted.] (Old. Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with silicon. [Obsoles.] Siliciureted hydrogen. (Chem.) Hydrogen silicide. [Obs.]

SILICLE Sil"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. silicula, dim. of siliqua a pod or husk: cf. F. silicule.] (Bot.)

Defn: A seed vessel resembling a silique, but about as broad as it is long. See Silique.

SILICO- Sil"i*co-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of silicon or its compounds; as, silicobenzoic, silicofluoride, etc.

SILICOFLUORIC Sil`i*co*flu*or"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing, or composed of, silicon and fluorine; especially, denoting the compounds called silicofluorides. Silicofluoric acid (Chem.), a compound of hydrofluoric acid and silicon fluoride, known only in watery solution. It is produced by the action of silicon fluoride on water, and is regarded as an acid, H2SiF6, and the type and origin of the silicofluorides.

SILICOFLUORIDE Sil`i*co*flu"or*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A fluosilicate; a salt of silicofluoric acid.

SILICOIDEA Sil`i*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Silex, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of Porifera, which includes those that have the skeleton composed mainly of siliceous fibers or spicules.

SILICON Sil"i*con, n. Etym: [See Silica.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nonmetalic element analogous to carbon. It always occurs combined in nature, and is artificially obtained in the free state, usually as a dark brown amorphous powder, or as a dark crystalline substance with a meetallic luster. Its oxide is silica, or common quartz, and in this form, or as silicates, it is, next to oxygen, the most abundant element of the earth's crust. Silicon is characteristically the element of the mineral kingdom, as carbon is of the organic world. Symbol Si. Atomic weight 28. Called also silicium.

SILICOTUNGSTIC Sil`i*co*tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of double acids of silicon and tungsten, known in the free state, and also in their salts (called silicotungstates).

SILICULA Si*lic"u*la, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A silicle.

SILICULE Sil"i*cule, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A silicle.

SILICULOSE Si*lic"u*lose`, a. Etym: [NL. siliculosus, fr. L. silicula: cf. F. siliculeux. See Silicle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing silicles; pertaining to, or resembling, silicles.

2. Full of, or consisting of, husks; husky. [Obs.]

SILIGINOSE Si*lig"i*nose`, a.Etym: [L. siligineus, fr. siligo, -inis, fine and very white wheat.]

Defn: Made of fine wheat. [Obs.] Bailey.

SILING Sil"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Sile to strain. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] Siling dish, a colander. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SILIQUA Sil"i*qua, n.; pl. Siliquæ. Etym: [L. See Silique.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Silique.

2. A weight of four grains; a carat; — a term used by jewelers, and refiners of gold.

SILIQUE Sil"ique, n. Etym: [L. siliqua a pod or husk, a very small weight or measure: cf. F. silique.] (Bot.)

Defn: An oblong or elongated seed vessel, consisting of two valves with a dissepiment between, and opening by sutures at either margin. The seeds are attached to both edges of the dissepiment, alternately upon each side of it.

SILIQUIFORM Sil"i*qui*form, a. Etym: [Silique + -form: cf. F. siliquiforme.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a silique.

SILIQUOSA Sil`i*quo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Siliquose.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of plants including those which bear siliques.

SILIQUOSE; SILIQUOUS Sil"i*quose`, Sil"i*quous, a. Etym: [NL. siliquosus: cf. F. siliqueux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing siliques; as, siliquose plants; pertaining to, or resembling, siliques; as, siliquose capsules.

SILK Silk, n. Etym: [OE. silk, selk, AS. seolc, seoloc; akin to Icel. silki, SW. & Dan. silke; prob. through Slavic from an Oriental source; cf. Lith. szilkai, Russ. shelk', and also L. sericum Seric stuff, silk. Cf. Sericeous. Serge a woolen stuff.]

1. The fine, soft thread produced by various species of caterpillars in forming the cocoons within which the worm is inclosed during the pupa state, especially that produced by the larvæ of Bombyx mori.

2. Hence, thread spun, or cloth woven, from the above-named material.

3. That which resembles silk, as the filiform styles of the female flower of maize. Raw silk, silk as it is wound off from the cocoons, and before it is manufactured. — Silk cotton, a cottony substance enveloping the seeds of the silk-cotton tree. — Silk-cotton tree (Bot.), a name for several tropical trees of the genera Bombax and Eriodendron, and belonging to the order Bombaceæ. The trees grow to an immense size, and have their seeds enveloped in a cottony substance, which is used for stuffing cushions, but can not be spun. — Silk flower. (Bot.) (a) The silk tree. (b) A similar tree (Calliandra trinervia) of Peru. — Silk fowl (Zoöl.), a breed of domestic fowls having silky plumage. — Silk gland (Zoöl.), a gland which secretes the material of silk, as in spider or a silkworm; a sericterium. — Silk gown, the distinctive robe of a barrister who has been appointed king's or queen's counsel; hence, the counsel himself. Such a one has precedence over mere barristers, who wear stuff gowns. [Eng.] — Silk grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Stipa comata) of the Western United States, which has very long silky awns. The name is also sometimes given to various species of the genera Aqave and Yucca. — Silk moth (Zoöl.), the adult moth of any silkworm. See Silkworm. — Silk shag, a coarse, rough-woven silk, like plush, but with a stiffer nap. — Silk spider (Zoöl.), a large spider (Nephila plumipes), native of the Southern United States, remarkable for the large quantity of strong silk it produces and for the great disparity in the sizes of the sexes. — Silk thrower, Silk throwster, one who twists or spins silk, and prepares it for weaving. Brande & C. — Silk tree (Bot.), an Asiatic leguminous tree (Albizzia Julibrissin) with finely bipinnate leaves, and large flat pods; — so called because of the abundant long silky stamens of its blossoms. Also called silk flower. — Silk vessel. (Zoöl.) Same as Silk gland, above. — Virginia silk (Bot.), a climbing plant (Periploca Græca) of the Milkweed family, having a silky tuft on the seeds. It is native in Southern Europe.

SILKEN Silk"en, a. Etym: [AS. seolcen, seolocen.]

1. Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk; as, silken cloth; a silken veil.

2. Fig.: Soft; delicate; tender; smooth; as, silken language. "Silken terms precise." Shak.

3. Dressed in silk. "A . . . silken wanton." Shak.

SILKEN Silk"en, v. t.

Defn: To render silken or silklike. Dyer.

SILKINESS Silk"i*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being silky or silken; softness and smoothness.

2. Fig.: Effeminacy; weakness. [R.] B. Jonson.

SILKMAN Silk"man, n.; pl. Silkmen (.

Defn: A dealer in silks; a silk mercer. Shak.

SILKNESS Silk"ness, n.

Defn: Silkiness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SILK-STOCKING Silk"-stock`ing, a.

Defn: Wearing silk stockings (which among men were formerly worn chiefly by the luxurious or aristocratic); hence, elegantly dressed; aristocratic; luxurious; — chiefly applied to men, often by way of reproach.

[They] will find their levees crowded with silk-stocking gentry, but no yeomanry; an army of officers without soldiers. Jefferson.

SILKWEED Silk"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genera Asclepias and Acerates whose seed vessels contain a long, silky down; milkweed.

SILKWORM Silk"worm`, n. Etym: [AS. seolcwyrm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths, which spins a large amount of strong silk in constructing its cocoon before changing to a pupa.

Note: The common species (Bombyx mori) feeds onm the leaves of the white mulberry tree. It is native of China, but has long been introduced into other countries of Asia and Europe, and is reared on a large scale. In America it is reared only to small extent. The Ailanthus silkworm (Philosamia cynthia) is a much larger species, of considerable importance, which has been introduced into Europe and America from China. The most useful American species is the Polyphemus. See Polyphemus. Pernyi silkworm, the larva of the Pernyi moth. See Pernyi moth. — Silkworm gut, a substance prepared from the contents of the silk glands of silkworms and used in making lines for angling. See Gut. — Silkworm rot, a disease of silkworms; muscardine.

SILKY Silk"y, a. [Compar. Silkier; superl. Silkiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk; silken; silklike; as, a silky luster.

2. Hence, soft and smooth; as, silky wine.

3. Covered with soft hairs pressed close to the surface, as a leaf; sericeous. Silky oak (Bot.), a lofty Australian tree (Grevillea robusta) with silky tomentose lobed or incised leaves. It furnishes a valuable timber.

SILL Sill, n. Etym: [OE. sille, sylle, AS. syl, syll; akin to G. schwelle, OHG. swelli, Icel. syll, svill, Sw. syll, Dan. syld, Goth. gasuljan to lay a foundation, to found.]

Defn: The basis or foundation of a thing; especially, a horizontal piece, as a timber, which forms the lower member of a frame, or supports a structure; as, the sills of a house, of a bridge, of a loom, and the like. Hence: (a) The timber or stone at the foot of a door; the threshold. (b) The timber or stone on which a window frame stands; or, the lowest piece in a window frame. (c) The floor of a gallery or passage in a mine. (d) A piece of timber across the bottom of a canal lock for the gates to shut against. Sill course (Arch.), a horizontal course of stone, terra cotta, or the like, built into a wall at the level of one or more window sills, these sills often forming part of it.

SILL Sill, n. Etym: [Cf. Thill.]

Defn: The shaft or thill of a carriage. [Prov. Eng.]

SILL Sill, n. Etym: [Cf. 4th Sile.]

Defn: A young herring. [Eng.]

SILLABUB Sil"la*bub, n. Etym: [Cf. sile to strain, and bub liquor, also Prov. E. sillibauk.]

Defn: A dish made by mixing wine or cider with milk, and thus forming a soft curd; also, sweetened cream, flavored with wine and beaten to a stiff froth. [Written also syllabub.]

SILLER Sil"ler, n.

Defn: Silver. [Scot.]

SILLILY Sil"li*ly, adv. Etym: [From Silly.]

Defn: In a silly manner; foolishly. Dryden.

SILLIMANITE Sil"li*man*ite, n. Etym: [After Benjamin Siliman, an American meneralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Fibrolite.

SILLINESS Sil"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being silly.

SILLOCK Sil"lock, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pollock, or coalfish.

SILLON Sil"lon, n. Etym: [F., a furrow.] (Fort.)

Defn: A work raised in the middle of a wide ditch, to defend it. Crabb.

SILLY Sil"ly, a. [Compar. Sillier; superl. Silliest.] Etym: [OE. seely, sely, AS. s, ges, happy, good, fr. s, s, good, happy, s good fortune, happines; akin to OS. salig, a, good, happy, D. zalig blessed, G. selig, OHG. salig, Icel. s, Sw. säll, Dan. salig, Goth. s good, kind, and perh. also to L. sollus whole, entire, Gr. sarva. Cf. Seel, n.]

1. Happy; fortunate; blessed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Harmless; innocent; inoffensive. [Obs.] "This silly, innocent Custance." Chaucer. The silly virgin strove him to withstand. Spenser. A silly, innocent hare murdered of a dog. Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. Weak; helpless; frail. [Obs.] After long storms . . . With which my silly bark was tossed sore. Spenser. The silly buckets on the deck. Coleridge.

4. Rustic; plain; simple; humble. [Obs.] A fourth man, in a sillyhabit. Shak. All that did their silly thoughts so busy keep. Milton.

5. Weak in intellect; destitute of ordinary strength of mind; foolish; witless; simple; as, a silly woman.

6. Proceeding from want of understanding or common judgment; characterized by weakness or folly; unwise; absurd; stupid; as, silly conduct; a silly question.

Syn. — Simple; brainless; witless; shallow; foolish; unwise; indiscreet. See Simple.

SILLYHOW Sil"ly*how, n. Etym: [Prov. E. silly-hew; cf. AS. sælig happy, good, and hufe a cap, hood. See Silly, a.]

Defn: A caul. See Caul, n., 3. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SILO Si"lo, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pit or vat for packing away green fodder for winter use so as to exclude air and outside moisture. See Ensilage.

SILT Silt, n. Etym: [OE. silte gravel, fr. silen to drain, E. sile; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. sila, prob. akin to AS. seón to filter, sigan to fall, sink, cause to sink, G. seihen to strain, to filter, OHG. sihan, Icel.sia, Skr. sic to pour; cf. Gr. Sig, Sile.]

Defn: Mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water.

SILT Silt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silted; p. pr. & vb. n. Silting.]

Defn: To choke, fill, or obstruct with silt or mud.

SILT Silt, v. i.

Defn: To flow through crevices; to percolate.

SILTY Silt"y, a.

Defn: Full of silt; resembling silt.

SILUNDUM Si*lun"dum, n. [Trade name]

Defn: A form of silicon carbide, produced in the electric furnace, possessing great hardness, and high electrical resistance, and not subject to oxidation below 2880º F., or 1600º C.

SILURE Si*lure", n. Etym: [L. silurus a sort of river fish, Gr. silure.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Silurus, as the sheatfish; a siluroid.

SILURIAN Si*lu"ri*an, a. Etym: [From L. Silures, a people who anciently inhabited a part of England and Wales.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the country of the ancient Silures; — a term applied to the earliest of the Paleozoic eras, and also to the strata of the era, because most plainly developed in that country.

Note: The Silurian formation, so named by Murchison, is divided into the Upper Silurian and Lower Silurian. The lower part of the Lower Silurian, with some underlying beds, is now separated under the name Cambrian, first given by Sedwick. Recently the term Ordovician has been proposed for the Lower Silurian, leawing the original word to apply only to the Upper Silurian.

SILURIAN Si*lu"ri*an, n.

Defn: The Silurian age.

SILURIDAN Si*lu"ri*dan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the family Silurid or of the order Siluroidei.

SILUROID Si*lu"roid, n. Etym: [Silurus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Siluroidei, or Nematognathi, an order of fishes including numerous species, among which are the American catfishes and numerous allied fresh-water species of the Old World, as the sheatfish (Silurus glanis) of Europe. — n.

Defn: A siluroid fish.

SILUROIDEI Sil`u*roi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes, the Nematognathi.

SILURUS Si*lu"rus, n. Etym: [L. See Silure.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large malacopterygious fishes of the order Siluroidei. They inhabit the inland waters of Europe and Asia.

SILVA Sil"va, n.; pl. E. Silvas, L. Silvae (. Etym: [L., properly, a wood, forest.] [Written also sylva.] (Bot.) (a) The forest trees of a region or country, considered collectively. (b) A description or history of the forest trees of a country.

SILVAN Sil"van, a. Etym: [L. silva, less correctly sylva, a wood or grove, perh. akin to Gr. "y`lh; cf. L. Silvanus Silvanus the god of woods: cf. F. sylvain silvan. Cf. Savage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to woods; composed of woods or groves; woody. [Written also sylvan.] Betwixt two rows of rocks, a silvan scene Appears above, and groves forever green. Dryden.

SILVAN Sil"van, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: See Sylvanium. [Obs.]

SILVANITE Sil"van*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Sylvanite.

SILVAS; SELVAS Sil"vas or Sel"vas, n. pl. Etym: [L. silva a forest, Sp. selva.]

Defn: Vast woodland plains of South America.

SILVATE Sil"vate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Sylvate.

SILVER Sil"ver, n. Etym: [OE. silver, selver, seolver, AS. seolfor, siolfur, siolufr, silofr, sylofr; akin to OS. silubar, OFries. selover, D. zilver, LG. sulver, OHG. silabar, silbar, G. silber, Icel. silfr, Sw. silfver, Dan. sölv, Goth. silubr, Russ. serebro, Lith. sidabras; of unknown origin.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A soft white metallic element, sonorous, ductile, very malleable, and capable of a high degree of polish. It is found native, and also combined with sulphur, arsenic, antimony, chlorine, etc., in the minerals argentite, proustite, pyrargyrite, ceragyrite, etc. Silver is one of the "noble" metals, so-called, not being easily oxidized, and is used for coin, jewelry, plate, and a great variety of articles. Symbol Ag (Argentum). Atomic weight 107.7. Specific gravity 10.5.

Note: Silver was known under the name of luna to the ancients and also to the alchemists. Some of its compounds, as the halogen salts, are remarkable for the effect of light upon them, and are used in photography.

2. Coin made of silver; silver money.

3. Anything having the luster or appearance of silver.

4. The color of silver.

Note: Silver is used in the formation of many compounds of obvious meaning; as, silver-armed, silver-bright, silver-buskined, silver- coated, silver-footed, silver-haired, silver-headed, silver-mantled, silver-plated, silver-slippered, silver-sounding, silver-studded, silver-tongued, silver-white. See Silver, a. Black silver (Min.), stephanite; — called also brittle silver ore, or brittle silver glance. — Fulminating silver. (Chem.) (a) A black crystalline substance, Ag2O.(NH3)2, obtained by dissolving silver oxide in aqua ammonia. When dry it explodes violently on the slightest percussion. (b) Silver fulminate, a white crystalline substance, Ag2C2N2O2, obtained by adding alcohol to a solution of silver nitrate. When dry it is violently explosive. — German silver. (Chem.) See under German. — Gray silver. (Min.) See Freieslebenite. — Horn silver. (Min.) See Cerargyrite. — King's silver. (O. Eng. Law) See Postfine. — Red silver, or Ruby silver. (Min.) See Proustite, and Pyrargyrite. — Silver beater, one who beats silver into silver leaf or silver foil. — Silver glance, or Vitreous silver. (Min.) See Argentine.

SILVER Sil"ver, a.

1. Of or pertaining to silver; made of silver; as, silver leaf; a silver cup.

2. Resembling silver. Specifically: (a) Bright; resplendent; white. "Silver hair." Shak. Others, on silver lakes and rivers, bathed Their downy breast. Milton.

(b) Precious; costly. (c) Giving a clear, ringing sound soft and clear. "Silver voices." Spenser. (d) Sweet; gentle; peaceful. "Silver slumber." Spenser. American silver fir (Bot.), the balsam fir. See under Balsam. — Silver age (Roman Lit.), the latter part (a. d. 14-180) of the classical period of Latinity, — the time of writers of inferior purity of language, as compared with those of the previous golden age, so-called. — Silver-bell tree (Bot.), an American shrub or small tree (Halesia tetraptera) with white bell-shaped flowers in clusters or racemes; the snowdrop tree. — Silver bush (Bot.), a shrubby leguminous plant (Anthyllis Barba- Jovis) of Southern Europe, having silvery foliage. — Silver chub (Zoöl.), the fallfish. — Silver eel. (Zoöl.) (a) The cutlass fish. (b) A pale variety of the common eel. — Silver fir (Bot.), a coniferous tree (Abies pectinata) found in mountainous districts in the middle and south of Europe, where it often grows to the height of 100 or 150 feet. It yields Burgundy pitch and Strasburg turpentine. — Silver foil, foil made of silver. — Silver fox (Zoöl.), a variety of the common fox (Vulpes vulpes, variety argenteus) found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. Its fur is nearly black, with silvery tips, and is highly valued. Called also black fox, and silver-gray fox. — Silver gar. (Zoöl.) See Billfish (a) — Silver grain (Bot.), the lines or narrow plates of cellular tissue which pass from the pith to the bark of an exogenous stem; the medullary rays. In the wood of the oak they are much larger than in that of the beech, maple, pine, cherry, etc. — Silver grebe (Zoöl.), the red-throated diver. See Illust. under Diver. — Silver hake (Zoöl.), the American whiting. — Silver leaf, leaves or sheets made of silver beaten very thin. — Silver lunge (Zoöl.), the namaycush. — Silver moonfish.(Zoöl.) See Moonfish (b). — Silver moth (Zoöl.), a lepisma. — Silver owl (Zoöl.), the barn owl. — Silver perch (Zoöl.), the mademoiselle, 2. — Silver pheasant (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beautiful crested and long-tailed Asiatic pheasants, of the genus Euplocamus. They have the tail and more or less of the upper parts silvery white. The most common species (E. nychtemerus) is native of China. — Silver plate, domestic utensils made of silver. — Silver plover (Zoöl.), the knot. — Silver salmon (Zoöl.), a salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) native of both coasts of the North Pacific. It ascends all the American rivers as far south as the Sacramento. Called also kisutch, whitefish, and white salmon. — Silver shell (Zoöl.), a marine bivalve of the genus Anomia. See Anomia. — Silver steel, an alloy of steel with a very small proportion of silver. — Silver stick, a title given to the title field officer of the Life Guards when on duty at the palace. [Eng.] Thackeray. — Silver tree (Bot.), a South African tree (Leucadendron argenteum) with long, silvery, silky leaves. — Silver trout, (Zoöl.) See Trout. — Silver wedding. See under Wedding. — Silver whiting (Zoöl.), a marine sciænoid food fish (Menticirrus littoralis) native of the Southern United States; — called also surf whiting. — Silver witch (Zoöl.), A lepisma.

SILVER Sil"ver, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silvered; p. pr. & vb. n. Silvering.]

1. To cover with silver; to give a silvery appearance to by applying a metal of a silvery color; as, to silver a pin; to silver a glass mirror plate with an amalgam of tin and mercury.

2. To polish like silver; to impart a brightness to, like that of silver. And smiling calmness silvered o'er the deep. Pope.

3. To make hoary, or white, like silver. His head was silvered o'er with age. Gay.

SILVER Sil"ver, v. i.

Defn: To acquire a silvery color. [R.] The eastern sky began to silver and shine. L. Wallace.

SILVERBACK Sil"ver*back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The knot.

SILVERBERRY Sil"ver*ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree or shrub (Elæagnus argentea) with silvery foliage and fruit. Gray.

SILVERBILL Sil"ver*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Old World finch of the genus Minia, as the M. Malabarica of India, and M. cantans of Africa.

SILVERBOOM Sil"ver*boom`, n. Etym: [D. zilver silver + boom tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Leucadendron.

SILVER CERTIFICATE Sil"ver cer*tif"i*cate.

Defn: A certificate issued by a government that there has been deposited with it silver to a specified amount, payable to the bearer on demand. In the United States and its possessions, it is issued against the deposit of silver coin, and is not legal tender, but is receivable for customs, taxes, and all public dues.

SILVERFIN Sil"ver*fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small North American fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Notropis Whipplei).

SILVERFISH Sil"ver*fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The tarpum. (b) A white variety of the goldfish. Lepisma saccharina, which may infest houses, and eats starched clothing and sized papers. See Lepisma.

SILVER-GRAY Sil"ver-gray`, a.

Defn: Having a gray color with a silvery luster; as, silver-gray hair.

SILVERINESS Sil"ver*i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being silvery.

SILVERING Sil"ver*ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: The art or process of covering metals, wood, paper, glass, etc., with a thin film of metallic silver, or a substance resembling silver; also, the firm do laid on; as, the silvering of a glass speculum.

SILVERITE Sil"ver*ite, n.

Defn: One who favors the use or establishment of silver as a monetary standard; — so called by those who favor the gold standard. [Colloq. or Cant]

SILVERIZE Sil"ver*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silverized; p. pr. & vb. n. Silverizing.]

Defn: To cover with silver.

SILVERLESS Sil"ver*less, a.

Defn: Having no silcver; hence, without money; impecunious. Piers Plowman.

SILVERLING Sil"ver*ling, n.

Defn: A small silver coin. [Obs.] A thousand vines at a thousand silverings. Isa. vii. 23.

SILVERLY Sil"ver*ly, adv.

Defn: Like silver in appearance or in sound. Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on thy cheeks. Shak.

SILVERN Sil"vern, a. Etym: [AS. seolfern, sylfren.]

Defn: Made of silver. [Archaic.] Wyclif (Acts xix. 24). Speech is silvern; silence is golden. Old Proverb.

SILVERSIDES Sil"ver*sides`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small fishes of the family Atherinidæ, having a silvery stripe along each side of the body. The common species of the American coast (Menidia notata) is very abundant. Called also silverside, sand smelt, friar, tailor, and tinker. Brook silversides (Zoöl.), a small fresh-water North American fish (Labadesthes sicculus) related to the marine silversides.

SILVERSMITH Sil"ver*smith`, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to manufacture utensils, ornaments, etc., of silver; a worker in silver.

SILVERSPOT Sil"ver*spot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of butterflies of the genus Argynnis and allied genera, having silvery spots on the under side of the wings. See Illust. under Aphrodite.

SILVER STATE Silver State.

Defn: Nevada; — a nickname alluding to its silver mines.

SILVERWARE Sil"ver*ware`, n.

Defn: Dishes, vases, ornaments, and utensils of various sorts, made of silver.

SILVERWEED Sil"ver*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial rosaceous herb (Potentilla Anserina) having the leaves silvery white beneath.

SILVERY Sil"ver*y, a.

1. Resembling, or having the luster of, silver; grayish white and lustrous; of a mild luster; bright. All the enameled race, whose silvery wing Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the spring. Pope.

2. Besprinkled or covered with silver.

3. Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft and clear in sound; as, silvery voices; a silvery laugh. Silvery iron (Metal.), a peculiar light-gray fine-grained cast iron, usually obtained from clay iron ore.

SILVICS Sil"vics, n.

1. The science treating of the life of trees in the forest.

2. Habit or behavior of a forest tree.

SILVICULTURE Sil"vi*cul`ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. silviculture.]

Defn: See Sylviculture.

SIMA Si"ma, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A cyma.

SIMAGRE Sim"a*gre, n. Etym: [F. simagrée.]

Defn: A grimace. [Obs.] Dryden.

SIMAR Si*mar", n. Etym: [F. simarre. See Chimere.]

Defn: A woman's long dress or robe; also light covering; a scarf. [Written also cimar, cymar, samare, simare.]

SIMARRE Si`marre". Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Simar. Sir W. Scott.

SIMBLOT Sim"blot, n. Etym: [F. simbleau.]

Defn: The harness of a drawloom.

SIMIA Sim"i*a, n. Etym: [L., an ape; cf. simus flatnosed, snub-nosed, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnæan genus of Quadrumana which included the types of numerous modern genera. By modern writers it is usually restricted to the genus which includes the orang-outang.

SIMIAL Sim"i*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Simian; apelike.

SIMIAN Sim"i*an, a. Etym: [L. simia an ape.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Simiadæ, which, in its widest sense, includes all the Old World apes and monkeys; also, apelike. — n.

Defn: Any Old World monkey or ape.

SIMILAR Sim"i*lar, a. Etym: [F. similaire, fr. L. similis like, similar. See Same, a., and cf. Simulate.]

1. Exactly corresponding; resembling in all respects; precisely like.

2. Nearly corresponding; resembling in many respects; somewhat like; having a general likeness.

3. Homogenous; uniform. [R.] Boyle. Similar figures (Geom.), figures which differ from each other only in magnitude, being made up of the same number of like parts similarly situated. — Similar rectilineal figures, such as have their several angles respectively equal, each to each, and their sides about the equal angles proportional. — Similar solids, such as are contained by the same number of similar planes, similarly situated, and having like inclination to one another.

SIMILAR Sim"i*lar, n.

Defn: That which is similar to, or resembles, something else, as in quality, form, etc.

SIMILARITY Sim`i*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [Cf. F. similarité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being similar; likeness; resemblance; as, a similarity of features. Hardly is there a similarity detected between two or three facts, than men hasten to extend it to all. Sir W. Hamilton.

SIMILARLY Sim"i*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a similar manner.

SIMILARY Sim"i*lar*y, a.

Defn: Similar. [Obs.] Rhyming cadences of similarly words. South.

SIMILATIVE Sim"i*la*tive, a.

Defn: Implying or indicating likeness or resemblance. [R.] In similative or instrumental relation to a pa. pple. [past participle], as almond-leaved, -scented, etc. New English Dict.

SIMILE Simi"*le, n.; pl. Similes. Etym: [L., from similis. See Similar.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A word or phrase by which anything is likened, in one or more of its aspects, to something else; a similitude; a poetical or imaginative comparison. A good swift simile, but something currish. Shak.

SIMILITER Si*mil"i*ter, n. Etym: [L., in like manner.] (Law)

Defn: The technical name of the form by which either party, in pleading, accepts the issue tendered by his opponent; — called sometimes a joinder in issue.

SIMILITUDE Si*mil"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. similitude, L. similitudo, from similis similar. See Similar.]

1. The quality or state of being similar or like; resemblance; likeness; similarity; as, similitude of substance. Chaucer. Let us make now man in our image, man In our similitude. Milton. If fate some future bard shall join In sad similitude of griefs to mine. Pope.

2. The act of likening, or that which likens, one thing to another; fanciful or imaginative comparison; a simile. Tasso, in his similitudes, never departed from the woods; that is, all his comparisons were taken from the country. Dryden.

3. That which is like or similar; a representation, semblance, or copy; a facsimile. Man should wed his similitude. Chaucer.

SIMILITUDINARY Si*mil`i*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Involving or expressing similitude. [Obs.] Coke.

SIMILIZE Sim"i*lize, v. t.

Defn: To liken; to compare; as, to similize a person, thing, or act. Lowell.

SIMILOR Sim"i*lor, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. similus similar + F. or gold, L. aurum. Cf. Semilor.]

Defn: An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, but of a golden color. Ure.

SIMIOUS Sim"i*ous, a.Etym: [L. simia an ape.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Simian. That strange simious, schoolboy passion of giving pain to others. Sydney Smith.

SIMITAR Sim"i*tar, n.

Defn: See Scimiter.

SIMMER Sim"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Simmered; p. pr. & vb. n. Simmering.] Etym: [Prov. E. also simper; — an onomatopoetic word.]

Defn: To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing; to begin to boil. I simmer as liquor doth on the fire before it beginneth to boil. Palsgrave.

SIMMER Sim"mer, v. t.

Defn: To cause to boil gently; to cook in liquid heated almost or just to the boiling point.

SIMNEL Sim"nel, n. Etym: [OF. simenel cake or bread of wheat flour, LL. simenellus wheat bread, fr. L. simila the finest wheat flour. Cf. Semolina.]

1. A kind of cake made of fine flour; a cracknel. [Obs.] Not common bread, but vastel bread, or simnels. Fuller.

2. A kind of rich plum cake, eaten especially on Mid-Lent Sunday. [Eng.] Herrick.

SIMONIAC Si*mo"ni*ac, n. Etym: [LL. simoniacus. See Simony.]

Defn: One who practices simony, or who buys or sells preferment in the church. Ayliffe.

SIMONIACAL Sim`o*ni"a*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to simony; guilty of simony; consisting of simony. — Sim"o*ni`a*cal*ly, adv. The flagitious profligacy of their lives, and the simoniacal arts by which they grasped at the popedom. J. S. Harford.

SIMONIAL Si*mo"ni*al, a.

Defn: Simoniacal. [Obs.]

SIMONIAN Si*mo"ni*an, n.Etym: [See Simony.]

Defn: One of the followers of Simon Magus; also, an adherent of certain heretical sects in the early Christian church.

SIMONIOUS Si*mo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Simoniacal. [Obs.] Milton.

SIMONIST Sim"o*nist, n.

Defn: One who practices simony.

SIMON-PURE Si"mon-pure", a.

Defn: Genuine; true; real; authentic; — a term alluding to the comedy character Simon Pure, who is impersonated by another and is obliged to prove himself to be the "real Simon Pure."

SIMONY Sim"o*ny, n. Etym: [F. simonie, LL. simonia, fr. Simon Magus, who wished to purchase the power of conferring the Holy Spirit. Acts viii.]

Defn: The crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; the corrupt presentation of any one to an ecclesiastical benefice for money or reward. Piers Plowman.

SIMOOM; SIMOON Si*moom", Si*moon", n. Etym: [Ar. sam, fr. samma to poison. Cf. Samiel.]

Defn: A hot, dry, suffocating, dust-laden wind, that blows occasionally in Arabia, Syria, and neighboring countries, generated by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy plains.

SIMOUS Si"mous, a.Etym: [L. simus, Gr.

Defn: Having a very flat or snub nose, with the end turned up.

SIMPAI Sim"pai, n.Etym: [Malay simpei.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-tailed monkey (Semnopitchecus melalophus) native of Sumatra. It has a crest of black hair. The forehead and cheeks are fawn color, the upper parts tawny and red, the under parts white. Called also black-crested monkey, and sinpæ.

SIMPER Sim"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Simpered; p. pr. & vb. n. Simpering.] Etym: [Cf. Norw. semper fine, smart, dial. Dan. semper, simper, affected, coy, prudish, OSw. semper one who affectedly refrains from eating, Sw. sipp finical, prim, LG. sipp.]

1. To smile in a silly, affected, or conceited manner. Behold yond simpering dame. Shak. With a made countenance about her mouth, between simpering and smiling. ir. P. Sidney.

2. To glimmer; to twinkle. [Obs.] Yet can I mark how stars above Simper and shine. Herbert.

SIMPER Sim"per, n.

Defn: A constrained, self-conscious smile; an affected, silly smile; a smirk. The conscious simper, and the jealous leer. Pope.

SIMPERER Sim"per*er, n.

Defn: One who simpers. Sir W. Scott. A simperer that a court affords. T. Nevile.

SIMPERING Sim"per*ing, a. &. n.

Defn: from Simper, v.

SIMPERINGLY Sim"per*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a simpering manner.

SIMPLE Sim"ple, a. [Compar. Simpler; superl. Simplest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to each, single. Cg. Single, a., Same, a., and for the last part of the word cf. Double, Complex.]

1. Single; not complex; not infolded or entangled; uncombined; not compounded; not blended with something else; not complicated; as, a simple substance; a simple idea; a simple sound; a simple machine; a simple problem; simple tasks.

2. Plain; unadorned; as, simple dress. "Simple truth." Spenser. "His simple story." Burns.

3. Mere; not other than; being only. A medicine . . . whose simple touch Is powerful to araise King Pepin. Shak.

4. Not given to artifice, stratagem, or duplicity; undesigning; sincere; true. Full many fine men go upon my score, as simple as I stand here, and I trust them. Marston. Must thou trust Tradition's simple tongue Byron. To be simple is to be great. Emerson.

5. Artless in manner; unaffected; unconstrained; natural; inartificial;; straightforward. In simple manners all the secret lies. Young.

6. Direct; clear; intelligible; not abstruse or enigmatical; as, a simple statement; simple language.

7. Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; of but moderate understanding or attainments; hence, foolish; silly. "You have simple wits." Shak. The simple believeth every word; but the prudent man looketh well to his going. Prov. xiv. 15.

8. Not luxurious; without much variety; plain; as, a simple diet; a simple way of living. Thy simple fare and all thy plain delights. Cowper.

9. Humble; lowly; undistinguished. A simple husbandman in garments gray. Spenser. Clergy and laity, male and female, gentle and simple made the fuel of the same fire. Fuller.

10. (BOt.)

Defn: Without subdivisions; entire; as, a simple stem; a simple leaf.

11. (Chem.)

Defn: Not capable of being decomposed into anything more simple or ultimate by any means at present known; elementary; thus, atoms are regarded as simple bodies. Cf. Ultimate, a.

Note: A simple body is one that has not as yet been decomposed. There are indications that many of our simple elements are still compound bodies, though their actual decomposition into anything simpler may never be accomplished.fundamental particle

12. (Min.)

Defn: Homogenous.

13. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Consisting of a single individual or zooid; as, a simple ascidian; — opposed to compound. Simple contract (Law), any contract, whether verbal or written, which is not of record or under seal. J. W. Smith. Chitty. — Simple equation (Alg.), an eqyation containing but one unknown quantity, and that quantity only in the first degree. — Simple eye (Zoöl.), an eye having a single lens; — opposed to Ant: compound eye. — Simple interest. See under Interest. — Simple larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. — Simple obligation (Rom. Law), an obligation which does not depend for its execution upon any event provided for by the parties, or is not to become void on the happening of any such event. Burrill.

Syn. — Single; uncompounded; unmingled; unmixed; mere; uncombined; elementary; plain; artless; sincere; harmless; undesigning; frank; open; unaffected; inartificial; unadorned; credulous; silly; foolish; shallow; unwise. — Simple, Silly. One who is simple is sincere, unaffected, and inexperienced in duplicity, — hence liable to be duped. A silly person is one who is ignorant or weak and also self-confident; hence, one who shows in speech and act a lack of good sense. Simplicity is incompatible with duplicity, artfulness, or vanity, while silliness is consistent with all three. Simplicity denotes lack of knowledge or of guile; silliness denotes want of judgment or right purpose, a defect of character as well as of education. I am a simple woman, much too weak To oppose your cunning. Shak. He is the companion of the silliest people in their most silly pleasure; he is ready for every impertinent entertainment and diversion. Law.

SIMPLE Sim"ple, n. Etym: [F. See Simple, a.]

1. Something not mixed or compounded. "Compounded of many simples." Shak.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A medicinal plant; — so called because each vegetable was supposed to possess its particular virtue, and therefore to constitute a simple remedy. What virtue is in this remedy lies in the naked simple itself as it comes over from the Indies. Sir W. Temple.

3. (Weaving) (a) A drawloom. (b) A part of the apparatus for raising the heddles of a drawloom.

4. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A feast which is not a double or a semidouble.

SIMPLE Sim"ple, v. i.

Defn: To gather simples, or medicinal plants. As simpling on the flowery hills she [Circe] strayed. Garth.

SIMPLE-HEARTED Sim"ple-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Sincere; inguenuous; guileless. Sir W. Scott.

SIMPLE-MINDED Sim"ple-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Artless; guileless; simple-hearted; undesigning; unsuspecting; devoid of duplicity. Blackstone. — Sim"ple-mind`ed*ness, n.

SIMPLENESS Sim"ple*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being simple; simplicity. Shak.

SIMPLER Sim"pler, n.

Defn: One who collects simples, or medicinal plants; a herbalist; a simplist. Simpler's joy. (Bot.) Vervain.

SIMPLESS Sim"pless, n. Etym: [F. simplesse.]

Defn: Simplicity; silliness. [Obs.] Spenser.

SIMPLETON Sim"ple*ton, n. Etym: [Cf. F. simplet, It. semplicione.]

Defn: A person of weak intellect; a silly person.

SIMPLICIAN Sim*pli"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. simplicien.]

Defn: One who is simple. [Obs.] Arnway.

SIMPLICITY Sim*plic"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. simplicité, L. simplicitas. See Simple.]

1. The quality or state of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded; as, the simplicity of metals or of earths.

2. The quality or state of being not complex, or of consisting of few parts; as, the simplicity of a machine.

3. Artlessness of mind; freedom from cunning or duplicity; lack of acuteness and sagacity. Marquis Dorset, a man, for his harmless simplicity neither misliked nor much regarded. Hayward. In wit a man; simplicity a child. Pope.

4. Freedom from artificial ornament, pretentious style, or luxury; plainness; as, simplicity of dress, of style, or of language; simplicity of diet; simplicity of life.

5. Freedom from subtlety or abstruseness; clearness; as, the simplicity of a doctrine; the simplicity of an explanation or a demonstration.

6. Weakness of intellect; silliness; folly. How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity and the scorners delight in their scorning Prov. i. 22.

SIMPLIFICATION Sim`pli*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. simplification.]

Defn: The act of simplifying. A. Smith.

SIMPLIFY Sim"pli*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Simplified; p. pr. & vb. n. Simplifying.] Etym: [Cf. F. simplifier, LL. simplificare. See Simple, and -fy.]

Defn: To make simple; to make less complex; to make clear by giving the explanation for; to show an easier or shorter process for doing or making. The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so far simplified. A. Hamilton. It is important, in scientific pursuits, to be caitious in simplifying our deductions. W. Nicholson.

SIMPLIST Sim"plist, n.

Defn: One skilled in simples, or medicinal plants; a simpler. Sir T. Browne.

SIMPLISTIC Sim*plis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to simples, or a simplist. [R.] Wilkinson.

SIMPLITY Sim"pli*ty, n.

Defn: Simplicity. [Obs.]

SIMPLOCE Sim"plo*ce, n. (Gram.)

Defn: See Symploce.

SIMPLY Sim"ply, adv.

1. In a simple manner or state; considered in or by itself; without addition; along; merely; solely; barely. [They] make that now good or evil, . . . which otherwise of itself were not simply the one or the other. Hooker. Simply the thing I am Shall make me live. Shak.

2. Plainly; without art or subtlety. Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply meek. Milton.

3. Weakly; foolishly. Johnson.

SIMULACHER; SIMULACHRE Sim"u*la`cher, Sim"u*la`chre, n. Etym: [Cf. F. simulacre.]

Defn: See Simulacrum. [Obs.]

SIMULACRUM Sim`u*la"crum, n.; pl. Simulacra. Etym: [L. See Simulate.]

Defn: A likeness; a semblance; a mock appearance; a sham; — now usually in a derogatory sense. Beneath it nothing but a great simulacrum. Thackeray.

SIMULAR Sim"u*lar, n. Etym: [Cf. L. simulator, F. simulateur. See Simulate.]

Defn: One who pretends to be what he is not; one who, or that which, simulates or counterfeits something; a pretender. [Obs.] Shak. Christ calleth the Pharisees hypocrites, that is to say, simulars, and painted sepulchers. Tyndale.

SIMULAR Sim"u*lar, a.

Defn: False; specious; counterfeit. [R. & Obs.] "Thou simular man of virtue." Shak.

SIMULATE Sim"u*late, a. Etym: [L. simulatus, p. p. of simulare to simulate; akin to simul at the same time, together, similis like. See Similar, and cf. Dissemble, Semblance.]

Defn: Feigned; pretended. Bale.

SIMULATE Sim"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Simulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Simulating.]

Defn: To assume the mere appearance of, without the reality; to assume the signs or indications of, falsely; to counterfeit; to feign. The Puritans, even in the depths of the dungeons to which she had sent them, prayed, and with no simulated fervor, that she might be kept from the dagger of the assassin. Macaulay.

SIMULATION Sim`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. simulation, L. simulatio.]

Defn: The act of simulating, or assuming an appearance which is feigned, or not true; — distinguished from dissimulation, which disguises or conceals what is true.

Syn. — Counterfeiting; feint; pretense.

SIMULATOR Sim"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who simulates, or feigns. De Quincey.

SIMULATORY Sim"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Simulated, or capable of being simulated. Bp. Hall.

SIMULTANEITY Si`mul*ta*ne"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneousness.

SIMULTANEOUS Si`mul*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [LL. simultim at the same time, fr. L. simul. See Simulate.]

Defn: Existing, happening, or done, at the same time; as, simultaneous events. — Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. — Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. Simultaneous equations (Alg.), two or more equations in which the values of the unknown quantities entering them are the same at the same time in both or in all.

SIMULTY Sim"ul*ty, n. Etym: [L. simultas a hostile encounter, drudge, originally, a (hostile) coming together, fr. simul together: cf. OF. simulté.]

Defn: Private grudge or quarrel; as, domestic simulties. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SIN Sin, adv., prep., & conj.

Defn: Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Sin that his lord was twenty year of age. Chaucer.

SIN Sin, n. Etym: [OE. sinne, AS. synn, syn; akin to D. zonde, OS. sundia, OHG. sunta, G. sünde, Icel., Dan. & Sw. synd, L. sons, sontis, guilty, perhaps originally from the p. pr. of the verb signifying, to be, and meaning, the one who it is. Cf. Authentic, Sooth.]

1. Transgression of the law of God; disobedience of the divine command; any violation of God's will, either in purpose or conduct; moral deficiency in the character; iniquity; as, sins of omission and sins of commission. Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. John viii. 34. Sin is the transgression of the law. 1 John iii. 4. I think 't no sin. To cozen him that would unjustly win. Shak. Enthralled By sin to foul, exorbitant desires. Milton.

2. An offense, in general; a violation of propriety; a misdemeanor; as, a sin against good manners. I grant that poetry's a crying sin. Pope.

3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin. He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. 21.

4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person. [R.] Thy ambition, Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land Of noble Buckingham. Shak.

Note: Sin is used in the formation of some compound words of obvious signification; as, sin-born; sin-bred, sin-oppressed, sin-polluted, and the like. Actual sin, Canonical sins, Original sin, Venial sin. See under Actual, Canonical, etc. — Deadly, or Mortal, sins (R. C. Ch.), willful and deliberate transgressions, which take away divine grace; — in distinction from vental sins. The seven deadly sins are pride, covetousness, lust, wrath, gluttony, envy, and sloth. — Sin eater, a man who (according to a former practice in England) for a small gratuity ate a piece of bread laid on the chest of a dead person, whereby he was supposed to have taken the sins of the dead person upon himself. — Sin offering, a sacrifice for sin; something offered as an expiation for sin.

Syn. — Iniquity; wickedness; wrong. See Crime.

SIN Sin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sinning.] Etym: [OE. sinnen, singen, sinegen, AS. syngian. See Sin, n.]

1. To depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to man; to violate the divine law in any particular, by actual transgression or by the neglect or nonobservance of its injunctions; to violate any known rule of duty; — often followed by against. Against thee, thee only, have I sinned. Ps. li. 4. All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God. Rom. iii. 23.

2. To violate human rights, law, or propriety; to commit an offense; to trespass; to transgress. I am a man More sinned against than sinning. Shak. Who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins against the eternal cause. Pope.

SINAIC; SINAITIC Si*na"ic, Si`na*it"ic, a. Etym: [From Mount Sinai.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Mount Sinai; given or made at Mount Sinai; as, the Sinaitic law. Sinaitic manuscript, a fourth century Greek manuscript of the part Bible, discovered at Mount Sinai (the greater part of it in 1859) by Tisschendorf, a German Biblical critic; — called also Codex Sinaiticus.

SINALBIN Sin*al"bin, n. Etym: [From L. Sinapis + alba.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the seeds of white mustard (Brassica alba, formerly Sinapis alba), and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

SINAMINE Sin*am"ine, n. Etym: [Sinapis + melamine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly from oil of mustard and ammonia; — called also allyl melamine.

SINAPATE Sin"a*pate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sinapic acid.

SINAPIC Sin"a*pic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sinapine; specifically, designating an acid (C11H12O5) related to gallic acid, and obtained by the decomposition of sinapine, as a white crystalline substance.

SINAPINE Sin"a*pine, n. Etym: [L. sinapi, sinapis, mustard, Gr. sinapine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid occuring in the seeds of mustard. It is extracted, in combination with sulphocyanic acid, as a white crystalline substance, having a hot, bitter taste. When sinapine is isolated it is unstable and undergoes decomposition.

SINAPIS Si*na"pis, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A disused generic name for mustard; — now called Brassica.

SINAPISIN Sin"a*pis`in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance extracted from mustard seed and probably identical with sinalbin. [Obs.]

SINAPISM Sin"a*pism, n. Etym: [L. sinapismus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A plaster or poultice composed principally of powdered mustard seed, or containing the volatile oil of mustard seed. It is a powerful irritant.

SINAPOLEIC Sin`a*po*le"ic, a. Etym: [Sinapis + oleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to mustard oil; specifically, designating an acid of the oleic acid series said to occur in mistard oil.

SINAPOLINE Si*nap"o*line, n. Etym: [Sinapis + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base, CO.(NH.C3H5)2, related to urea, extracted from mustard oil, and also produced artifically, as a white crystalline substance; — called also diallyl urea.

SINCALINE Sin"ca*line, n. Etym: [So called because obtained by the action of alkalies on sinapine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Choline. [Written also sinkaline.]

SINCE Since, adv. Etym: [For sins, contr. fr. OE. sithens, sithenes, formed by an adverbial ending (cf. Besides) from OE. sithen, also shortened into sithe, sin, AS. si, sy, seo, afterward, then, since, after; properly, after that; fr. sisi afterward, since, OHG. sid, G. seit since, Goth. seipus late, ni sei no longer) + instrumental of the demonstrative and article. See That.]

1. From a definite past time until now; as, he went a month ago, and I have not seen him since. We since become the slaves to one man's lust. B. Jonson.

2. In the time past, counting backward from the present; before this or now; ago. w many ages since has Virgil writ Roscommon. About two years since, it so fell out, that he was brought to a great lady's house. Sir P. Sidney.

3. When or that. [Obs.] Do you remember since we lay all night in the windmill in St. George's field Shak.

SINCE Since, prep.

Defn: From the time of; in or during the time subsequent to; subsequently to; after; — usually with a past event or time for the object. The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Gen. xxx. 30. I have a model by which he build a nobler poem than any extant since the ancients. Dryden.

SINCE Since, conj.

Defn: Seeing that; because; considering; — formerly followed by that. Since that my penitence comes after all, Imploring pardon. Shak. Since truth and constancy are vain, Since neither love, nor sense of pain, Nor force of reason, can persuade, Then let example be obeyed. Granville.

Syn. — Because; for; as; inasmuch as; considering. See Because.

SINCERE Sin*cere", a. [Compar. Sincerer; superl. Sincerest.] Etym: [L. sincerus, of uncertain origin; the first part perhaps akin to sin- in singuli (see Single), and the second to cernere to separate (cf. Discern): cf. F. sincère.]

1. Pure; unmixed; unadulterated. There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. Arbuthnot. A joy which never was sincere till now. Dryden.

2. Whole; perfect; unhurt; uninjured. [Obs.] The inviolable body stood sincere. Dryden.

3. Being in reality what it appears to be; having a character which corresponds with the appearance; not falsely assumed; genuine; true; real; as, a sincere desire for knowledge; a sincere contempt for meanness. A sincere intention of pleasing God in all our actions. Law.

4. Honest; free from hypocrisy or dissimulation; as, a sincere friend; a sincere person. The more sincere you are, the better it will fare with you at the great day of account. Waterland.

Syn. — Honest; unfeigned; unvarnished; real; true; unaffected; inartificial; frank; upright. See Hearty.

SINCERELY Sin*cere"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sincere manner. Specifically: (a) Purely; without alloy. Milton. (b) Honestly; unfeignedly; without dissimulation; as, to speak one's mind sincerely; to love virtue sincerely.

SINCERENESS Sin*cere"ness, n.

Defn: Same as Sincerity. Beau & Fl.

SINCERITY Sin*cer"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sinceritas: cf. F. sincérité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sincere; honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or false pretense; sincereness. I protest, in the sincerity of love. Shak. Sincerity is a duty no less plain than important. Knox.

SINCH Sinch, n. Etym: [See Cinch.]

Defn: A saddle girth made of leather, canvas, woven horsehair, or woven grass. [Western U.S.]

SINCH Sinch, v. t.

Defn: To gird with a sinch; to tighten the sinch or girth of (a saddle); as, to sinch up a sadle. [Western U.S.]

SINCIPITAL Sin*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sinciput; being in the region of the sinciput.

SINCIPUT Sin"ci*put, n. Etym: [L., half a head; semihalf + caput the head.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The fore part of the head.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part of the head of a bird between the base of the bill and the vertex.

SINDI Sind"i, n. [Ar. Sindi, fr. Sind Indian, Skr. sindhu river, sea, the river Indus, the country along the Indus. Cf. Indian, Hindoo.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A native of Sind, India, esp. one of the native Hindoo stock.

SINDON Sin"don, n. Etym: [L., a kind of fine Indian cotton stuff, Gr.

1. A wrapper. [Obs.] "Wrapped in sindons of linen." Bacon.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A small rag or pledget introduced into the hole in the cranium made by a trephine. Dunglison.

SINE Sine, n. Etym: [LL. sinus a sine, L. sinus bosom, used in translating the Ar. jaib, properly, bosom, but probably read by mistake (the consonants being the same) for an original jiba sine, from Skr. jiva bowstring, chord of an arc, sine.] (Trig.) (a) The length of a perpendicular drawn from one extremity of an arc of a circle to the diameter drawn through the other extremity. (b) The perpendicular itself. See Sine of angle, below. Artificial sines, logarithms of the natural sines, or logarithmic sines. — Curve of sines. See Sinusoid. — Natural sines, the decimals expressing the values of the sines, the radius being unity. — Sine of an angle, in a circle whose radius is unity, the sine of the arc that measures the angle; in a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the given angle divided by the hypotenuse. See Trigonometrical function, under Function. — Versed sine, that part of the diameter between the sine and the arc.

SINE Si"ne, prep. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Without.

SINECURAL Si"ne*cu`ral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sinecure; being in the nature of a sinecure.

SINECURE Si`ne*cure, n. Etym: [L. sine without + cura care, LL., a cure. See Cure.]

1. An ecclesiastical benefice without the care of souls. Ayliffe.

2. Any office or position which requires or involves little or no responsibility, labor, or active service. A lucrative sinecure in the Excise. Macaulay.

SINECURE Si"ne*cure, v. t.

Defn: To put or place in a sinecure.

SINECURISM Si"ne*cu*rism, n.

Defn: The state of having a sinecure.

SINECURIST Si"ne*cu*rist, n.

Defn: One who has a sinecure.

SINEW Sin"ew, n. Etym: [OE. sinewe, senewe, AS. sinu, seonu; akin to D. zenuw, OHG. senawa, G. sehne, Icel. sin, Sw. sena, Dan. sene; cf. Skr. snava. sq. root290.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A tendon or tendonous tissue. See Tendon.

2. Muscle; nerve. [R.] Sir J. Davies.

3. Fig.: That which supplies strength or power. The portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry. Shak. The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the sinews of war. Sir W. Raleigh.

Note: Money alone is often called the sinews of war.

SINEW Sin"ew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sinewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sinewing.]

Defn: To knit together, or make strong with, or as with, sinews. Shak. Wretches, now stuck up for long tortures . . . might, if properly treated, serve to sinew the state in time of danger. Goldsmith.

SINEWED Sin"ewed, a.

1. Furnished with sinews; as, a strong-sinewed youth.

2. Fig.: Equipped; strengthened. When he sees Ourselves well sinewed to our defense. Shak.

SINEWINESS Sin"ew*i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sinewy.

SINEWISH Sin"ew*ish, a.

Defn: Sinewy. [Obs.] Holinshed.

SINEWLESS Sin"ew*less, a.

Defn: Having no sinews; hence, having no strength or vigor.

SINEWOUS Sin"ew*ous, a.

Defn: Sinewy. [Obs.] Holinshed.

SINEW-SHRUNK Sin"ew-shrunk`, a. (Far.)

Defn: Having the sinews under the belly shrunk by excessive fatigue.

SINEWY Sin"ew*y, a.

1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, a sinew or sinews. The sinewy thread my brain lets fall. Donne.

2. Well braced with, or as if with, sinews; nervous; vigorous; strong; firm; tough; as, the sinewy Ajax. A man whose words . . . were so close and sinewy. Hare.

SINFUL Sin"ful, a. Etym: [AAS. synfull.]

Defn: Tainted with, or full of, sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; as, sinful men; sinful thoughts. Piers Plowman. Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity. Isa. i. 4. — Sin"ful*ly, adv. — Sin"ful*ness, n.

SING Sing, v. i. [imp. Sung or Sang (; p. p. Sung; p. pr. & vb. n. Singing.] Etym: [AS. singan; akin to D. zingen, OS. & OHG. singan, G. singen, Icel. syngja, Sw. sjunga, Dan. synge, Goth. siggwan, and perhaps to E. say, v.t., or cf. Gr. Singe, Song.]

1. To utter sounds with musical inflections or melodious modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune, or of a given part (as alto, tenor, etc.) in a chorus or concerted piece. The noise of them that sing do I hear. Ex. xxxii. 18.

2. To utter sweet melodious sounds, as birds do. On every bough the briddes heard I sing. Chaucer. Singing birds, in silver cages hung. Dryden.

3. To make a small, shrill sound; as, the air sings in passing through a crevice. O'er his head the flying spear Sang innocent, and spent its force in air. Pope.

4. To tell or relate something in numbers or verse; to celebrate something in poetry. Milton. Bid her . . . sing Of human hope by cross event destroyed. Prior.

5. Ti cry out; to complain. [Obs.] They should sing if thet they were bent. Chaucer.

SING Sing, v. t.

1. To utter with musical infections or modulations of voice. And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb. Rev. xv. 3. And in the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.

2. To celebrate is song; to give praises to in verse; to relate or rehearse in numbers, verse, or poetry. Milton. Arms and the man I sing. Dryden. The last, the happiest British king, Whom thou shalt paint or I shall sing. Addison.

3. To influence by singing; to lull by singing; as, to sing a child to sleep.

4. To accompany, or attend on, with singing. I heard them singing home the bride. Longfellow.

SINGE Singe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Singed; p. pr. & vb. n. Singeing.] Etym: [OE. sengen, AS. sengan in besengan (akin to D. zengen, G. sengen), originally, to cause to sing, fr. AS. singan to sing, in allusion to the singing or hissing sound often produced when a substance is singed, or slightly burned. See Sing.]

1. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of; to burn the ends or outside of; as, to singe the hair or the skin. You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, . . . Singe my white head! Shak. I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass. L'Estrange.

2. (a) To remove the nap of (cloth), by passing it rapidly over a red- hot bar, or over a flame, preliminary to dyeing it. (b) To remove the hair or down from (a plucked chicken or the like) by passing it over a flame.

SINGE Singe, n.

Defn: A burning of the surface; a slight burn.

SINGER Sin"ger, n. Etym: [From Singe.]

Defn: One who, or that which, singes. Specifically: (a) One employed to singe cloth. (b) A machine for singeing cloth.

SINGER Sing"er, n. Etym: [From Sing.]

Defn: One who sings; especially, one whose profession is to sing.

SINGERESS Sing"er*ess, n.

Defn: A songstress. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SINGHALESE Sin`gha*lese", n. & a. Etym: [Skr.Si Ceylon.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Cingalese.

SINGING Sing"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Sing, v. Singing bird. (Zoöl.) (a) Popularly, any bird that sings; a song bird. (b) Specifically, any one of the Oscines. — Singing book, a book containing music for singing; a book of tunes. — Singing falcon or hawk. (Zoöl.) See Chanting falcon, under Chanting. — Singing fish (Zoöl.), a California toadfish (Porichthys porosissimus). — Singing flame (Acoustics), a flame, as of hydrogen or coal gas, burning within a tube and so adjusted as to set the air within the tube in vibration, causing sound. The apparatus is called also chemical harmonicon. — Singing master, a man who teaches vocal music. — Singing school, a school in which persons are instructed in singing.

SINGINGLY Sing"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With sounds like singing; with a kind of tune; in a singing tone. G. North (1575).

SINGLE Sin"gle, a. Etym: [L. singulus, a dim. from the root in simplex simple; cf. OE. & OF. sengle, fr. L. singulus. See Simple, and cf. Singular.]

1. One only, as distinguished from more than one; consisting of one alone; individual; separate; as, a single star. No single man is born with a right of controlling the opinions of all the rest. Pope.

2. Alone; having no companion. Who single hast maintained, Against revolted multitudes, the cause Of truth. Milton.

3. Hence, unmarried; as, a single man or woman. Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness. Shak. Single chose to live, and shunned to wed. Dryden.

4. Not doubled, twisted together, or combined with others; as, a single thread; a single strand of a rope.

5. Performed by one person, or one on each side; as, a single combat. These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant, . . . Who now defles thee thrice ti single fight. Milton.

6. Uncompounded; pure; unmixed. Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound. I. Watts.

7. Not deceitful or artful; honest; sincere. I speak it with a single heart. Shak.

8. Simple; not wise; weak; silly. [Obs.] He utters such single matter in so infantly a voice. Beau & Fl. Single ale, beer, or drink, small ale, etc., as contrasted with double ale, etc., which is stronger. [Obs.] Nares. — Single bill (Law), a written engagement, generally under seal, for the payment of money, without a penalty. Burril. — Single court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for only two players. — Single-cut file. See the Note under 4th File. — Single entry. See under Bookkeeping. — Single file. See under 1st File. — Single flower (Bot.), a flower with but one set of petals, as a wild rose. — Single knot. See Illust. under Knot. — Single whip (Naut.), a single rope running through a fixed block.

SINGLE Sin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Singled; p. pr. & vb. n. Singling.]

1. To select, as an individual person or thing, from among a number; to choose out from others; to separate. Dogs who hereby can single out their master in the dark. Bacon. His blood! she faintly screamed her mind Still singling one from all mankind. More.

2. To sequester; to withdraw; to retire. [Obs.] An agent singling itself from consorts. Hooker.

3. To take alone, or one by one. Men . . . commendable when they are singled. Hooker.

SINGLE Sin"gle, v. i.

Defn: To take the irrregular gait called single-foot;- said of a horse. See Single-foot. Many very fleet horses, when overdriven, adopt a disagreeable gait, which seems to be a cross between a pace and a trot, in which the two legs of one side are raised almost but not quite, simultaneously. Such horses are said to single, or to be single-footed. W. S. Clark.

SINGLE Sin"gle, n.

1. A unit; one; as, to score a single.

2. pl.

Defn: The reeled filaments of silk, twisted without doubling to give them firmness.

3. A handful of gleaned grain. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

4. (Law Tennis)

Defn: A game with but one player on each side; — usually in the plural.

5. (Baseball)

Defn: A hit by a batter which enables him to reach first base only.

SINGLE-ACTING Sin"gle-act`ing, a.

Defn: Having simplicity of action; especially (Mach.), acting or exerting force during strokes in one direction only; — said of a reciprocating engine, pump, etc.

SINGLE-BREASTED Sin"gle-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Lapping over the breast only far enough to permit of buttoning, and having buttons on one edge only; as, a single-breasted coast.

SINGLE-FOOT Sin"gle-foot`, n.

Defn: An irregular gait of a horse; — called also single-footed pace. See Single, v. i. Single-foot is an irregular pace, rather rare, distinguished by the posterior extremities moving in the order of a fast walk, and the anterior extremities in that of a slow trot. Stillman (The Horse in Motion.)

SINGLE-HANDED Sin"gle-hand"ed, a.

Defn: Having but one hand, or one workman; also, alone; unassisted.

SINGLE-HEARTED Sin"gle-heart"ed, a.

Defn: Having an honest heart; free from duplicity. — Sin"gle-heart"ed*ly, adv.

SINGLE-MINDED Sin"gle-mind"ed, a.

Defn: Having a single purpose; hence, artless; guileless; single- hearted.

SINGLENESS Sin"gle*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being single, or separate from all others; the opposite of doubleness, complication, or multiplicity.

2. Freedom from duplicity, or secondary and selfish ends; purity of mind or purpose; simplicity; sincerity; as, singleness of purpose; singleness of heart.

SINGLES Sin"gles, n. pl.

Defn: See Single, n., 2.

SINGLESTICK Sin"gle*stick`, n. (a) In England and Scotland, a cudgel used in fencing or fighting; a backsword. (b) The game played with singlesticks, in which he who first brings blood from his adversary's head is pronounced victor; backsword; cudgeling.

SINGLE-SURFACED Sin"gle-sur"faced, a.

Defn: Having one surface; — said specif. of aëroplanes or aërocurves that are covered with fabric, etc., on only one side.

SINGLET Sin"glet, n.

Defn: An unlined or undyed waistcoat; a single garment; — opposed to doublet. [Prov. Eng.]

SINGLE TAX Sin"gle tax`. (Pol. Econ.)

Defn: A tax levied upon land alone, irrespective of improvements, — advocated by certain economists as the sole source of public revenue.

Whatever may be thought of Henry George's single-tax theory as a whole, there can be little question that a relatively higher assessment of ground rent, with corresponding relief for those who have made improvements, is a much-needed reform. A. T. Hadley.

SINGLETON Sin"gle*ton, n.

Defn: In certain games at cards, as whist, a single card of any suit held at the deal by a player; as, to lead a singleton.

SINGLETREE Sin"gle*tree`, n. Etym: [Cf. Swingletree.]

Defn: The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces of a harnessed horse are fixed; a whiffletree.

Note: When two horses draw abreast, a singletree is fixed at each end of another crosspiece, called the doubletree.

SINGLY Sin"gly, adv.

1. Individually; particularly; severally; as, to make men singly and personally good.

2. Only; by one's self; alone. Look thee, 't is so! Thou singly honest man. Shak.

3. Without partners, companions, or associates; single-handed; as, to attack another singly. At omber singly to decide their doom. Pope.

4. Honestly; sincerely; simply. [R.] Johnson.

5. Singularly; peculiarly. [Obs.] Milton.

SING-SING Sing"-sing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kob.

SINGSONG Sing"song`, n.

1. Bad singing or poetry.

2. A drawling or monotonous tone, as of a badly executed song.

SINGSONG Sing"song`, a.

Defn: Drawling; monotonous.

SINGSONG Sing"song`, v. i.

Defn: To write poor poetry. [R.] Tennyson.

SINGSPIEL Sing"spiel`, n. [G.; singen to sing + spiel to play.] (Music)

Defn: A dramatic work, partly in dialogue and partly in song, of a kind popular in Germany in the latter part of the 18th century. It was often comic, had modern characters, and patterned its music on folk song with strictly subordinated accompaniment.

SINGSTER Sing"ster, n.

Defn: A songstress. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SINGULAR Sin"gu*lar, a. Etym: [OE. singuler, F. singulier, fr. L. singularius, singularis, fr. singulus single. See Single, a.]

1. Separate or apart from others; single; distinct. [Obs.] Bacon. And God forbid that all a company Should rue a singular man's folly. Chaucer.

2. Engaged in by only one on a side; single. [Obs.] To try the matter thus together in a singular combat. Holinshed.

3. (Logic)

Defn: Existing by itself; single; individual. The idea which represents one . . . determinate thing, is called a singular idea, whether simple, complex, or compound. I. Watts.

4. (Law)

Defn: Each; individual; as, to convey several parcels of land, all and singular.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting one person or thing; as, the singular number; — opposed to dual and Ant: plural.

6. Standing by itself; out of the ordinary course; unusual; uncommon; strange; as, a singular phenomenon. So singular a sadness Must have a cause as strange as the effect. Denham.

7. Distinguished as existing in a very high degree; rarely equaled; eminent; extraordinary; exceptional; as, a man of singular gravity or attainments.

8. Departing from general usage or expectations; odd; whimsical; — often implying disapproval or consure. His zeal None seconded, as out of season judged, Or singular and rash. Milton. To be singular in anything that is wise and worthy, is not a disparagement, but a praise. Tillotson.

9. Being alone; belonging to, or being, that of which there is but one; unique. These busts of the emperors and empresses are all very scarce, and some of them almost singular in their kind. Addison. Singular point in a curve (Math.), a point at which the curve possesses some peculiar properties not possessed by other points of the curve, as a cusp point, or a multiple point. — Singular proposition (Logic), a proposition having as its subject a singular term, or a common term limited to an individual by means of a singular sign. Whately. — Singular succession (Civil Law), division among individual successors, as distinguished from universal succession, by which an estate descended in intestacy to the heirs in mass. — Singular term (Logic), a term which represents or stands for a single individual.

Syn. — Unexampled; unprecedented; eminent; extraordinary; remarkable; uncommon; rare; unusual; peculiar; strange; odd; eccentric; fantastic.

SINGULAR Sin"gu*lar, n.

1. An individual instance; a particular. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Gram)

Defn: The singular number, or the number denoting one person or thing; a word in the singular number.

SINGULARIST Sin"gu*lar*ist, n.

Defn: One who affects singularity. [Obs.] A clownish singularist, or nonconformist to ordinary usage. Borrow.

SINGULARITY Sin`gu*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. Singularities. Etym: [L. singularitas: cf. F. singularité.]

1. The quality or state of being singular; some character or quality of a thing by which it is distinguished from all, or from most, others; peculiarity. Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the second year the very falling down of the seeds yieldeth corn. Sir. W. Raleigh. I took notice of this little figure for the singularity of the instrument. Addison.

2. Anything singular, rare, or curious. Your gallery Have we passed through, not without much content In many singularities. Shak.

3. Possession of a particular or exclusive privilege, prerogative, or distinction. No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of singularity [universal bishop]. Hooker. Catholicism . . . must be understood in opposition to the legal singularity of the Jewish nation. Bp. Pearson.

4. Celibacy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SINGULARIZE Sin"gu*lar*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make singular or single; to distinguish. [R.]

SINGULARLY Sin"gu*lar*ly, adv.

1. In a singular manner; in a manner, or to a degree, not common to others; extraordinarily; as, to be singularly exact in one's statements; singularly considerate of others. "Singularly handsome." Milman.

2. Strangely; oddly; as, to behave singularly.

3. So as to express one, or the singular number.

SINGULT Sin"gult, n.Etym: [L. singultus.]

Defn: A sigh or sobbing; also, a hiccough. [Obs.] Spenser. W. Browne.

SINGULTOUS Sin*gul"tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or affected with, hiccough. Dunglison.

SINGULTUS Sin*gul"tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Hiccough.

SINIC Sin"ic, a. [See Sinologue.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Chinese and allied races; Chinese.

SINICAL Sin"i*cal, a. Etym: [From Sine.] (Trig.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sine; employing, or founded upon, sines; as, a sinical quadrant.

SINICISM Sin"i*cism, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Anything peculiar to the Chinese; esp., a Chinese peculiarity in manners or customs.

SINIGRIN Sin"i*grin, n. Etym: [From NL. Sinapis nigra.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica nigra, formerly Sinapis nigra) It resembles sinalbin, and consists of a potassium salt of myronic acid.

SINISTER Sin"is*ter, a. Etym: [Accented on the middle syllable by the older poets, as Shakespeare, Milton, Dryden.] Etym: [L. sinister: cf. F. sinistre.]

1. On the left hand, or the side of the left hand; left; — opposed to dexter, or right. "Here on his sinister cheek." Shak. My mother's blood Runs on the dexter cheek, and this sinister Bounds in my father's Shak.

Note: In heraldy the sinister side of an escutcheon is the side which would be on the left of the bearer of the shield, and opposite the right hand of the beholder.

2. Unlucky; inauspicious; disastrous; injurious; evil; — the left being usually regarded as the unlucky side; as, sinister influences. All the several ills that visit earth, Brought forth by night, with a sinister birth. B. Jonson.

3. Wrong, as springing from indirection or obliquity; perverse; dishonest; corrupt; as, sinister aims. Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts. Bacon. He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts. South. He read in their looks . . . sinister intentions directed particularly toward himself. Sir W. Scott.

4. Indicative of lurking evil or harm; boding covert danger; as, a sinister countenance. Bar sinister. (Her.) See under Bar, n. — Sinister aspect (Astrol.), an appearance of two planets happening according to the succession of the signs, as Saturn in Aries, and Mars in the same degree of Gemini. — Sinister base, Sinister chief. See under Escutcheon.

SINISTER-HANDED Sin"is*ter-hand"ed, a.

Defn: Left-handed; hence, unlucky. [Obs.] Lovelace.

SINISTERLY Sin"is*ter*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sinister manner. Wood.

SINISTRAD Sin"is*trad, adv. Etym: [L. sinistra the left hand + ad tp.] (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Toward the left side; sinistrally.

SINISTRAL Sin"is*tral, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the left, inclining to the left; sinistrous; - - opposed to dextral.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the whorls of the spire revolving or rising to the left; reversed; — said of certain spiral shells.

SINISTRALITY Sin`is*tral"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sinistral.

SINISTRALLY Sin"is*tral*ly, adv.

Defn: Toward the left; in a sinistral manner. J. Le Conte.

SINISTRIN Sin"is*trin, n. Etym: [L. sinister left.] (Chem.)

Defn: A mucilaginous carbohydrate, resembling achroödextrin, extracted from squill as a colorless amorphous substance; — so called because it is levorotatory.

SINISTRORSAL Sin`is*tror"sal, a. Etym: [L.sinistrorsus, sinistroversus, turned toward the left side; sinister left + vertere, vortere, versum, vorsum, to turn.]

Defn: Rising spirally from right to left (of the spectator); sinistrorse.

SINISTRORSE Sin"is*trorse`, a. Etym: [See Sinistrolsal.]

Defn: Turning to the left (of the spectator) in the ascending line; - - the opposite of dextrorse. See Dextrorse.

SINISTROUS Sin"is*trous, a. Etym: [See Sinister.]

1. Being on the left side; inclined to the left; sinistral. "Sinistrous gravity." Sir T. Browne.

2. Wrong; absurd; perverse. A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the most sinistrous and absurd choice. Bentley.

SINISTROUSLY Sin"is*trous*ly, adv.

1. In a sinistrous manner; perversely; wrongly; unluckily.

2. With a tendency to use the left hand. Many, in their infancy, are sinistrously disposed, and divers continue all their life left-handed. Sir T. Browne.

SINK Sink, v. i. [imp. Sunk, or (Sank (); p. p. Sunk (obs. Sunken, — now used as adj.); p. pr. & vb. n. Sinking.] Etym: [OE. sinken, AS. sincan; akin to D. zinken, OS. sincan, G. sinken, Icel. sökkva, Dan. synke, Sw. sjunka, Goth. siggan, and probably to E. silt. Cf. Silt.]

1. To fall by, or as by, the force of gravity; to descend lower and lower; to decline gradually; to subside; as, a stone sinks in water; waves rise and sink; the sun sinks in the west. I sink in deep mire. Ps. lxix. 2.

2. To enter deeply; to fall or retire beneath or below the surface; to penetrate. The stone sunk into his forehead. 1 San. xvii. 49.

3. Hence, to enter so as to make an abiding impression; to enter completely. Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke ix. 44.

4. To be overwhelmed or depressed; to fall slowly, as so the ground, from weakness or from an overburden; to fail in strength; to decline; to decay; to decrease. I think our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. He sunk down in his chariot. 2 Kings ix. 24. Let not the fire sink or slacken. Mortimer.

5. To decrease in volume, as a river; to subside; to become diminished in volume or in apparent height. The Alps and Pyreneans sink before him. Addison.

Syn. — To fall; subside; drop; droop; lower; decline; decay; decrease; lessen.

SINK Sink, v. t.

1. To cause to sink; to put under water; to immerse or submerge in a fluid; as, to sink a ship. [The Athenians] fell upon the wings and sank a single ship. Jowett (Thucyd.).

2. Figuratively: To cause to decline; to depress; to degrade; hence, to ruin irretrievably; to destroy, as by drowping; as, to sink one's reputation. I raise of sink, imprison or set free. Prior. If I have a conscience, let it sink me. Shak. Thy cruel and unnatural lust of power Has sunk thy father more than all his years. Rowe.

3. To make (a depression) by digging, delving, or cutting, etc.; as, to sink a pit or a well; to sink a die.

4. To bring low; to reduce in quantity; to waste. You sunk the river repeated draughts. Addison.

5. To conseal and appropriate. [Slang] If sent with ready money to buy anything, and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account. Swift.

6. To keep out of sight; to suppress; to ignore. A courtly willingness to sink obnoxious truths. Robertson.

7. To reduce or extinguish by payment; as, to sink the national debt.

SINK Sink, n.

1. A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes.

2. A shallow box or vessel of wood, stone, iron, or other material, connected with a drain, and used for receiving filthy water, etc., as in a kitchen.

3. A hole or low place in land or rock, where waters sink and are lost; — called also sink hole. [U. S.] Sink hole. (a) The opening to a sink drain. (b) A cesspool. (c) Same as Sink, n., 3.

SINKER Sink"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sinks. Specifically: (a) A weight on something, as on a fish line, to sink it. (b) In knitting machines, one of the thin plates, blades, or other devices, that depress the loops upon or between the needles. Dividing sinker, in knitting machines, a sinker between two jack sinkers and acting alternately with them. — Jack sinker. See under Jack, n. — Sinker bar. (a) In knitting machines, a bar to which one set of the sinkers is attached. (b) In deep well boring, a heavy bar forming a connection between the lifting rope and the boring tools, above the jars.

SINKING Sink"ing, a & n.

Defn: from Sink. Sinking fund. See under Fund. — Sinking head (Founding), a riser from which the mold is fed as the casting shrinks. See Riser, n., 4. — Sinking pump, a pump which can be lowered in a well or a mine shaft as the level of the water sinks.

SINLESS Sin"less, a.

Defn: Free from sin. Piers Plowman. — Sin"less*ly, adv. — Sin"less*ness, n.

SINNER Sin"ner, n.

Defn: One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the law of God.

SINNER Sin"ner, v. i.

Defn: To act as a sinner. [Humorous] Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Pope.

SINNERESS Sin"ner*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who sins. [Obs.]

SINNET Sin"net, n.

Defn: See Sennit .

SINOLOGICAL Sin`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Sinilogue.]

Defn: Relating to the Chinese language or literature.

SINOLOGIST Si*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A sinilogue.

SINOLOGUE Sin"o*logue, n. Etym: [From L. Sinae, an Oriental people mentioned by Ptolemy, or Ar. Sin China or the Chinese + Gr. theologue: cf. F. sinologue.]

Defn: A student of Chinese; one versed in the Chinese language, literature, and history.

SINOLOGY Si*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sinologie.]

Defn: That branch of systemized knowledge which treats of the Chinese, their language, literature, etc.

SINOPER Sin"o*per, n. (Min.)

Defn: Sinople.

SINOPIA; SINOPIS Si*no"pi*a, Si*no"pis, n.

Defn: A red pigment made from sinopite.

SINOPITE Sin"o*pite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. sinopis (sc. terra), a red earth or ocher found in Sinope, a town in Paphlagoma, on the Black Sea, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A brickred ferruginous clay used by the ancients for red paint.

SINOPLE Sin"o*ple, n. (Min.)

Defn: Ferruginous quartz, of a blood-red or brownish red color, sometimes with a tinge of yellow.

SINOPLE Sin"o*ple, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. sinopis. See Sinople a mineral.] (Her.)

Defn: The tincture vert; green.

SINQUE Sinque, n.

Defn: See Cinque. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

SINSRING Sins"ring, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Banxring.

SINTER Sin"ter, n. Etym: [G. Cf. Cinder.] (Min.)

Defn: Dross, as of iron; the scale which files from iron when hammered; — applied as a name to various minerals. Calcareous sinter, a loose banded variety of calcite formed by deposition from lime-bearing waters; calcareous tufa; travertine. — Ceraunian sinter, fulgurite. — Siliceous sinter, a light cellular or fibrous opal; especially, geyserite (see Geyserite). It has often a pearly luster, and is then called pearl sinter.

SINTO; SINTU; SINTOISM; SINTOIST Sin"to, or Sin"tu, Sin"to*ism, Sin"to*ist.

Defn: See Shinto, etc.

SINTOC Sin"toc, n.

Defn: A kind of spice used in the East Indies, consisting of the bark of a species of Cinnamomum. [Written also sindoc.]

SINUATE Sin"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. sinuatus, p. p. of sinuare to wind, bend, fr. sinus a bend.]

Defn: Having the margin alternately curved inward and outward; having rounded lobes separated by rounded sinuses; sinuous; wavy.

SINUATE Sin"u*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sinuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sinuating.]

Defn: To bend or curve in and out; to wind; to turn; to be sinusous. Woodward.

SINUATED Sin"u*a`ted, a.

Defn: Same as Sinuate.

SINUATION Sin`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. sinuatio.]

Defn: A winding or bending in and out.

SINUOSE Sin"u*ose`, a.

Defn: Sinuous. Loudon.

SINUOSITY Sin`u*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Sinuosities. Etym: [Cf. F. sinuosité.]

1. Quality or state of being sinuous.

2. A bend, or a series of bends and turns; a winding, or a series of windings; a wave line; a curve. A line of coast certainly amounting, with its sinuosities, to more than 700 miles. Sydney Smith.

SINUOUS Sin"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. sinuosus, fr. sinus a bent surface, a curve: cf. F. sinueux. See Sinus.]

Defn: Bending in and out; of a serpentine or undulating form; winding; crooked. — Sin"u*ous*ly, adv. Streaking the ground with sinuous trace. Milton. Gardens bright with sinuous rills. Coleridge.

SINUPALLIATE Si`nu*pal"li*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a pallial sinus. See under Sinus.

SINUS Si"nus, n.; pl. L. Sinus, E. Sinuses. Etym: [L., a bent surface, a curve, the folds or bosom of a garment, etc., a bay. Cf. Sine, n.]

1. An opening; a hollow; a bending.

2. A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.

3. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity; a depression. Specifically: (a) A cavity in a bone or other part, either closed or with a narrow opening. (b) A dilated vessel or canal.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A narrow, elongated cavity, in which pus is collected; an elongated abscess with only a small orifice.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A depression between adjoining lobes.

Note: A sinus may be rounded, as in the leaf of the white oak, or acute, as in that of the red maple. Pallial sinus. (Zoöl.) See under Pallial. — Sinus venosus. Etym: [L., venous dilatation.] (Anat.) (a) The main part of the cavity of the right auricle of the heart in the higher vertebrates. (b) In the lower vertebrates, a distinct chamber of the heart formed by the union of the large systematic veins and opening into the auricle.

SINUSOID Si"nus*oid, n. Etym: [Sinus + -oid.] (Geom.)

Defn: The curve whose ordinates are proportional to the sines of the abscissas, the equation of the curve being y = a sin x. It is also called the curve of sines.

SINUSOIDAL Si`nus*oid"al, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sinusoid; like a sinusoid.

SIOGOON Sio"goon, n.

Defn: See Shogun.

SIOGOONATE Sio*goon"ate, n.

Defn: See Shogunate.

SIOUX Sioux, n. sing. & pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Dakotas.

SIOUX STATE Sioux State.

Defn: North Dakota; — a nickname.

SIP Sip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sipping.] Etym: [OE. sippen; akin to OD. sippen, and AS. s to sip, suck up, drink. See Sup, v. t.]

1. To drink or imbibe in small quantities; especially, to take in with the lips in small quantities, as a liquid; as, to sip tea. "Every herb that sips the dew." Milton.

2. To draw into the mouth; to suck up; as, a bee sips nectar from the flowers.

3. To taste the liquor of; to drink out of. [Poetic] They skim the floods, and sip the purple flowers. Dryden.

SIP Sip, v. i.

Defn: To drink a small quantity; to take a fluid with the lips; to take a sip or sips of something. [She] raised it to her mouth with sober grace; Then, sipping, offered to the next in place. Dryden.

SIP Sip, n.

1. The act of sipping; the taking of a liquid with the lips.

2. A small draught taken with the lips; a slight taste. One sip of this Will bathe the drooping spirits in delight Beyond the bliss of dreams. Milton. A sip is all that the public ever care to take from reservoirs of abstract philosophy. De Quincey.

SIPAGE Sip"age, n.

Defn: See Seepage. [Scot. & U.S.]

SIPE Sipe, v. i.

Defn: See Seep. [Scot. & U.S.]

SIPHILIS Siph"i*lis, n. (Med.)

Defn: Syphilis.

SIPHOID Si"phoid, n. Etym: [L. sipho a siphon + -oid: cf. F. vase siphoïde.]

Defn: A siphon bottle. See under Siphon, n.

SIPHON Si"phon, n. Etym: [F. siphon, L. sipho, -onis, fr. Gr.

1. A device, consisting of a pipe or tube bent so as to form two branches or legs of unequal length, by which a liquid can be transferred to a lower level, as from one vessel to another, over an intermediate elevation, by the action of the pressure of the atmosphere in forcing the liquid up the shorter branch of the pipe immersed in it, while the continued excess of weight of the liquid in the longer branch (when once filled) causes a continuous flow. The flow takes place only when the discharging extremity of the pipe ia lower than the higher liquid surface, and when no part of the pipe is higher above the surface than the same liquid will rise by atmospheric pressure; that is, about 33 feet for water, and 30 inches for mercury, near the sea level.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the tubes or folds of the mantle border of a bivalve or gastropod mollusk by which water is conducted into the gill cavity. See Illust. under Mya, and Lamellibranchiata. (b) The anterior prolongation of the margin of any gastropod shell for the protection of the soft siphon. (c) The tubular organ through which water is ejected from the gill cavity of a cephaloid. It serves as a locomotive organ, by guiding and confining the jet of water. Called also siphuncle. See Illust. under Loligo, and Dibranchiata. (d) The siphuncle of a cephalopod shell. (e) The sucking proboscis of certain parasitic insects and crustaceans. (f) A sproutlike prolongation in front of the mouth of many gephyreans. (g) A tubular organ connected both with the esophagus and the intestine of certain sea urchins and annelids.

3. A siphon bottle. Inverted siphon, a tube bent like a siphon, but having the branches turned upward; specifically (Hydraulic Engineering), a pipe for conducting water beneath a depressed place, as from one hill to another across an intervening valley, following the depression of the ground. — Siphon barometer. See under Barometer. — Siphon bottle, a bottle for holding aërated water, which is driven out through a bent tube in the neck by the gas within the bottle when a valve in the tube is opened; — called also gazogene, and siphoid. — Siphon condenser, a condenser for a steam engine, in which the vacuum is maintained by the downward flow of water through a vertical pipe of great height. — Siphon cup, a cup with a siphon attached for carrying off any liquid in it; specifically (Mach.), an oil cup in which oil is carried over the edge of a tube in a cotton wick, and so reaches the surface to be lubricated. — Siphon gauge. See under Gauge. — Siphon pump, a jet pump. See under Jet, n.

SIPHON Si"phon, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To convey, or draw off, by means of a siphon, as a liquid from one vessel to another at a lower level.

SIPHONAGE Si"phon*age, n.

Defn: The action of a siphon.

SIPHONAL Si"phon*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a siphon; resembling a siphon. Siphonal stomach (Zoöl.), a stomach which is tubular and bent back upon itself, like a siphon, as in the salmon.

SIPHONARID Si`pho*na"rid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of limpet-shaped pulmonate gastropods of the genus Siphonaria. They cling to rocks between high and low water marks and have both lunglike organs and gills. — Si`pho*na"rid, a.

SIPHONATA Si`pho*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of bivalve mollusks in which the posterior mantle border is prolonged into two tubes or siphons. Called also Siphoniata. See Siphon, 2 (a), and Quahaug.

SIPHONATE Si"phon*ate, a.

1. Having a siphon or siphons.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Siphonata.

SIPHONET Si"phon*et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two dorsal tubular organs on the hinder part of the abdomen of aphids. They give exit to the honeydew. See Illust. under Aphis.

SIPHONIA Si*pho"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A former name for a euphorbiaceous genus (Hevea) of South American trees, the principal source of caoutchouc.

SIPHONIATA Si*pho`ni*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Siphonata.

SIPHONIC Si*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a siphon.

SIPHONIFER Si*phon"i*fer, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sipho, -onis, siphon + ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any cephalopod having a siphonate shell.

SIPHONIFEROUS Si"phon*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Siphon + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Siphon-bearing, as the shell of the nautilus and other cephalopods.

SIPHONIUM Si*pho"ni*um, n.; pl. Siphonia. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Siphon.] (Anat.)

Defn: A bony tube which, in some birds, connects the tympanium with the air chambers of the articular piece of the mandible.

SIPHONOBRANCHIATA Si`pho*no*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Siphon, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of gastropods having the mantle border, on one or both sides, prolonged in the form of a spout through which water enters the gill cavity. The shell itself is not always siphonostomatous in this group.

SIPHONOBRANCHIATE Si`pho*no*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a siphon, or siphons, to convey water to the gills; belonging or pertaining to the Siphonobranchiata. — n.

Defn: One of the Siphonobranchiata.

SIPHONOGLYPHE Si`pho*nog"ly*phe, n. Etym: [Siphon + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gonidium.

SIPHONOPHORA Si`pho*noph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of pelagic Hydrozoa including species which form complex free-swimming communities composed of numerous zooids of various kinds, some of which act as floats or as swimming organs, others as feeding or nutritive zooids, and others as reproductive zooids. See Illust. under Physallia, and Porpita.

SIPHONOPHORAN Si`pho*noph"o*ran, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Siphonophora. — n.

Defn: One of the Siphonophora.

SIPHONOPHORE Si*phon"o*phore, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Siphonophora.

SIPHONOPODA Si`pho*nop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Siphon, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Scaphopoda including those in which the foot terminates in a circular disk.

SIPHONOSTOMATA Si`pho*no*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Siphon, and Stoma.] (Zoöl.) (a) A tribe of parasitic copepod Crustacea including a large number of species that are parasites of fishes, as the lerneans. They have a mouth adapted to suck blood. (b) An artificial division of gastropods including those that have siphonostomatous shells.

SIPHONOSTOMATOUS Si`pho*no*stom"a*tous, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Having the front edge of the aperture of the shell prolonged in the shape of a channel for the protection of the siphon; — said of certain gastropods. (b) Pertaining to the Siphonostomata.

SIPHONOSTOME Si`pho*nos"tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) Any parasitic entomostracan of the tribe Siphonostomata. (b) A siphonostomatous shell.

SIPHORHINAL Si`pho*rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Siphon + rhinal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having tubular nostrils, as the petrels.

SIPHORHINIAN Si`pho*rhin"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A siphorhinal bird.

SIPHUNCLE Si"phun`cle, n. Etym: [L. siphunculus, sipunculus, dim. of sipho. See Siphon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tube which runs through the partitions of chambered cephalopod shells.

SIPHUNCLED Si"phun`cled, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a siphuncle; siphunculated.

SIPHUNCULAR Si*phun"cu*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the siphuncle.

SIPHUNCULATED Si*phun"cu*la`ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a siphuncle. Huxley.

SIPID Sip"id, a. Etym: [See Insipid, Sapid.]

Defn: Having a taste or flavorl savory; sapid. [Obs.] Cockeram.

SIPPER Sip"per, n.

Defn: One whi sips.

SIPPET Sip"pet, n. Etym: [See Sip, Sop.]

Defn: A small sop; a small, thin piece of toasted bread soaked in milk, broth, or the like; a small piece of toasted or fried bread cut into some special shape and used for garnishing. Your sweet sippets in widows' houses. Milton.

SIPPLE Sip"ple, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of sip.]

Defn: To sip often. [Obs. or Scot.]

SIPPLING Sip"pling, a.

Defn: Sipping often. [Obs.] "Taken after a sippling sort." Holland.

SIPUNCULACEA Si*pun`cu*la"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Sipunculus, the typical genus. See Siphuncle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Gephyrea, including those which have the body unarmed and the intestine opening anteriorly.

SIPUNCULOID Si*pun"cu*loid, a. Etym: [NL. Sipunculus, the typical genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Sipunculoidea. — n.

Defn: One of the Sipunculoidea.

SIPUNCULOIDEA Si*pun`cu*loi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Gephyrea. (b) In a restricted sense, same as Sipunculacea.

SI QUIS Si` quis". Etym: [L., if any one (the first words of the notice in Latin).] (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A notification by a candidate for orders of his intention to inquire whether any impediment may be alleged against him.

SIR Sir, n. Etym: [OE. sire, F. sire, contr. from the nominative L. senior an elder, elderly person, compar. of senex,senis, an aged person; akin to Gr. sana, Goth. sineigs old, sinista eldest, Ir. & Gael. sean old, W. hen. Cf. Seignior, Senate, Seneschal, Senior, Senor, Signor, Sire, Sirrah.]

1. A man of social authority and dignity; a lord; a master; a gentleman; — in this sense usually spelled sire. [Obs.] He was crowned lord and sire. Gower. In the election of a sir so rare. Shak.

2. A title prefixed to the Christian name of a knight or a baronet. Sir Horace Vere, his brother, was the principal in the active part. Bacon.

3. An English rendering of the LAtin Dominus, the academical title of a bachelor of arts; — formerly colloquially, and sometimes contemptuously, applied to the clergy. Nares. Instead of a faithful and painful teacher, they hire a Sir John, which hath better skill in playing at tables, or in keeping of a garden, than in God's word. Latimer.

4. A respectful title, used in addressing a man, without being prefixed to his name; — used especially in speaking to elders or superiors; sometimes, also, used in the way of emphatic formality. "What's that to you, sir" Sheridan.

Note: Anciently, this title, was often used when a person was addressed as a man holding a certain office, or following a certain business. "Sir man of law." "Sir parish priest." Chaucer. Sir reverance. See under Reverence, n.

SIRASKIER Si*ras"kier, n.

Defn: See Seraskier.

SIRASKIERATE Si*ras"kier*ate, n.

Defn: See Seraskierate.

SIRBONIAN Sir*bo"ni*an, a.

Defn: See Serbonian.

SIRCAR Sir*car", n. Etym: [Hind. & Per. sarkar a superintendant, overseer, chief; Per. sar the head + kar action, work.]