G (continued 8)

1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for. A field or two to graze his cows. Swift.

2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture); to browse. The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead. Pope.

3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing. When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep. Shak.

4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall.

GRAZE Graze, v. i.

1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the meadows.

2. To yield grass for grazing. The ground cortinueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose. Bacon.

3. To touch something lightly in passing.

GRAZE Graze, n.

1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.] Turning him out for a grace on the common. T. Hughes.

2. A light touch; a slight scratch.

GRAZER Graz"er, n.

Defn: One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage. The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want. J. Philips.

GRAZIER Gra"zier, n.

Defn: One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market. The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen. Stow.

GRAZING Graz"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.

2. A pasture; growing grass.

GRAZIOSO Gra"zi*o"so, adv. Etym: [It., adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.)

Defn: Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly.

GRE Gre, n.

Defn: See Gree, a step. [Obs.]

GRE Gre, n.

Defn: See Gree, good will. [Obs.]

GREASE Grease (gres), n. Etym: [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf. Crass.]

1. Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences. Grease bush. (Bot.) Same as Grease wood (below). — Grease moth (Zoöl.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc. — Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat prickly shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several species of Atriplex and Obione.

GREASE Grease, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greased (grezd or gresd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greasing.]

1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as, to grease the wheels of a wagon.

2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents. The greased advocate that grinds the poor. Dryden.

3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

4. (Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease. To grease in the hand, to corrupt by bribes. Usher.

GREASE COCK; GREASE CUP Grease cock or cup . (Mach.)

Defn: A cock or cup containing grease, to serve as a lubricator.

GREASER Greas"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc.

2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest type. [Low, U. S.]

GREASILY Greas"i*ly

Defn: , adv.

1. In a greasy manner.

2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.] You talk greasily; your lips grow foul. Shak.

GREASINESS Greas"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.

GREASY Greas"y, a. Etym: [Compar. Greasier (

1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a greasy dish.

2. Smeared or defiled with grease. With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers. Shak.

3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.

4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak.

5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston.

6. (Far.)

Defn: Affected with the disease called grease; as, the heels of a horse. See Grease, n., 2.

GREAT Great, a. [Compar. Greater (; superl. Greatest.] Etym: [OE. gret, great, AS. gret; akin to OS. & LG. grt, D. groot, OHG. grz, G. gross. Cf. Groat the coin.]

1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; — opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length.

2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series, etc.

3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a great while; a great interval.

4. Superior; admirable; commanding; — applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings.

5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.

6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed; formost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal, etc. He doth object I am too great of birth. Shak.

7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle.

8. Pregnant; big (with young). The ewes great with young. Ps. lxxviii. 71.

9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain. We have all Great cause to give great thanks. Shak.

10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; — often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand- mother's father), great-grandson, etc. Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. — Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. — Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. — Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. — Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. — Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; — called also greats. T. Hughes. — Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. — The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. — Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand. — Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. — The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. — Great primer. See under Type. — Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; — employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. — Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. — Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office. — Great tithes. See under Tithes. — The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. — The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. — To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon.

GREAT Great, n.

Defn: The whole.; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great.

GREAT-BELLIED Great"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak.

GREATCOAT Great"coat", n.

Defn: An overcoat.

GREATEN Great"en, v. t.

Defn: To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand. [R.] A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king]. Ken.

GREATEN Great"en, v. i.

Defn: To become large; to dilate. [R.] My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass. Mrs. Browning.

GREAT-GRANDCHILD Great"-grand"child`, n.

Defn: The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER Great"-grand"daugh`ter, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-GRANDFATHER Great"-grand"fa`ther, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.

GREAT-GRANDMOTHER Great"-grand"moth`er, n.

Defn: The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.

GREAT-GRANDSON Great"-grand"son`, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]

Defn: A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.

GREAT-HEARTED Great"-heart`ed, a.

1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.

2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.

GREAT-HEARTEDNESS Great"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.

GREATLY Great"ly, adv.

1. In a great degree; much. I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Gen. iii. 16.

2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously. By a high fate thou greatly didst expire. Dryden.

GREATNESS Great"ness, n. Etym: [AS. greátnes.]

1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.

2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships. Bacon.

GREAT WHITE WAY Great White Way.

Defn: Broadway, in New York City, in the neighborhood chiefly occupied by theaters, as from about 30th Street about 50th Street; — so called from its brilliant illumination at night.

GREAVE Greave, n.

Defn: A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.

GREAVE Greave, n. Etym: [OF. greees; cf. Sp. grevas.]

Defn: Armor for the leg below the knee; — usually in the plural.

GREAVE Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (grevd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greaving.] Etym: [From Greaves.] (Naut.)

Defn: To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.

GREAVES Greaves (grevz), n. pl. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG. greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.]

Defn: The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called cracklings. [Written also graves.]

GREBE Grebe (greb), n. Etym: [F. grbe, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.

GRECIAN Gre"cian", a. Etym: [Cf. Greek.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek. Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] — Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.

GRECIAN Gre"cian, n.

1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.

2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1.

Note: The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.

6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey.

GRECISM Gre"cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grécisme.]

Defn: An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison.

GRECIZE Gre"cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized; p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. gréciser.]

1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton.

2. To translate into Greek.

GRECIZE; GRECIANIZE Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (, v. i.

Defn: To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.

GRECO-ROMAN Gre"co-Ro"man, a.

Defn: Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as, Greco-Roman architecture.

GRECQUE Grecque (grêk), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or meander,

GREE Gree, n. Etym: [F. gré. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.]

1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; — used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer. Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke. Fairfax.

2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. He is a shepherd great in gree. Spnser.

3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

GREE Gree, v. i. Etym: [From Agree.]

Defn: To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.

GREE Gree, n.; pl. Grees (grez); obs. plurals Greece (gres) Grice (grs or grs), Grise, Grize (grz or grz), etc. Etym: [OF. gré, F. grade. See Grade.]

Defn: A step.

GREECE Greece, n. pl.

Defn: See Gree a step. [Obs.]

GREED Greed, n. Etym: [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. graedhr. sq. root34. See Greedy.]

Defn: An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.

GREEDILY Greed"i*ly

Defn: , adv. In a greedy manner.

GREEDINESS Greed"i*ness, n. Etym: [AS grdignes.]

Defn: The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire. Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak.

Syn.— Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.

GREEDY Greed"y, a. [Compar. Greedier (-î-er); superl. Greediest.] Etym: [OE. gredi, AS. grdig, grdig; akin to D. gretig, OS. grdag, OHG. grtag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, grdig, Icel. graugr, Goth. grdags greedy, grdn to be hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.]

1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; — followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey.

2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.

GREEDY-GUT Greed"y-gut", n.

Defn: A glutton. [Low] Todd.

GREEGREE; GRIGRI Gree"gree", Gri"gri", n.

Defn: An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm. A greegree man, an African magician or fetich priest.

GREEK Greek, a. Etym: [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. : cf. F. grec. Cf. Grecian.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek calends. See under Calends. — Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. — Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. — Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. — Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. — Greek rose, the flower campion.

GREEK Greek, n.

1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece.

2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang] Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev.

3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]

GREEK CALENDAR Greek calendar.

1. Any of various calendars used by the ancient Greek states. The Attic calendar divided the year into twelve months of 29 and 30 days, as follows:

1. Hecatombæon (July-Aug.). 2. Metageitnion (Aug.-Sept.). 3. Boëdromion (Sept.-Oct.). 4. Pyanepsion (Oct.-Nov.). 5. Mæmacterion (Nov.-Dec.). 6. Poseideon (Dec.-Jan.). 7. Gamelion (Jan.-Feb.). 8. Anthesterion (Feb.-Mar.). 9. Elaphebolion (Mar.-Apr.). 10. Munychion (Apr.-May). 11. Thargelion (May-June). 12. Scirophorion (June-July).

A fixed relation to the seasons was maintained by introducing an intercalary month, "the second Poseideon," at first in an inexact way, afterward in years 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 16, 19 of the Metonic cycle. Dates were reckoned in Olympiads.

2. The Julian calendar, used in the Greek Church.

GREEK CALENDS; GREEK KALENDS Greek calends or kalends.

Defn: A time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.

GREEKESS Greek"ess, n.

Defn: A female Greek. [R.]

GREEKISH Greek"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. Grecisc.]

Defn: Peculiar to Greece.

GREEKLING Greek"ling, n.

Defn: A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B. Jonson.

GREEN Green, a. [Compar. Greener (; superl. Greenest.] Etym: [OE. grene, AS. grne; akin to D. groen, OS. grni, OHG. gruoni, G. grn, Dan. & Sw. grn, Icel. grnn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.]

1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.

2. Having a sickly color; wan. To look so green and pale. Shak.

3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound. As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation. Burke.

4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.

5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.] We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts.

6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment. I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott.

7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; — called also cat brier. — Green con (Zoöl.), the pollock. — Green crab (Zoöl.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; — in New England locally named joe-rocker. — Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. — Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. — Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (Arisæma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; — called also dragon root. — Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; — called also mountain green. — Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. — Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. — Green fly (Zoöl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. — Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. — Green gland (Zoöl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antennæ. — Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] — Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodioei, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. — Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. — Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); — called also green sloke. — Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. — Green linnet (Zoöl.), the greenfinch. — Green looper (Zoöl.), the cankerworm. — Green marble (Min.), serpentine. — Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. — Green monkey (Zoöl.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. — Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. — Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. — Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. — Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. — Green snake (Zoöl.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. æstivus). They are bright green in color. — Green turtle (Zoöl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. — Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. — Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. — Green woodpecker (Zoöl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); — called also yaffle.

GREEN Green (gren), n.

1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.

2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green. O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton.

3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; — usually in the plural. In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers. Pope.

4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.

5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; — called also Helvetia green.— Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. — Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. — Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. — Chrome green. See under Chrome. — Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; - - called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). — Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. — Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; — called also light-green. — Mineral green. See under Mineral. — Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. — Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; — called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. — Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; — called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.

GREEN Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n. Greening.]

Defn: To make green. Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson.

GREEN Green, v. i.

Defn: To become or grow green. Tennyson. By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier.

GREENBACK Green"back", n.

Defn: One of the legal tender notes of the United States; — first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.

GREENBACKER Green"back"er, n.

Defn: One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]

GREENBONE Green"bone, n. Etym: [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European eelpout.

GREEN-BROOM Green"-broom`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Genista (G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; — called also greenweed.

GREENCLOTH Green"cloth` (-klôth`; 115), n.

Defn: A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gatees.

GREENERY Green"er*y, n.

Defn: Green plants; verdure. A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery. J. Ingelow.

GREEN-EYED Green"-eyed, a.

1. Having green eyes.

2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts. "Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.

GREENFINCH Green"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); — called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.

2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.

GREENFISH Green"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bluefish, and Pollock.

GREENGAGE Green"gage`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage.

GREENGILL Green"gill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.

GREENGROCER Green"gro`cer, n.

Defn: A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.

GREENHEAD Green"head`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See Bass.

GREENHEAD; GREENHOOD Green"head, Green"hood, n.

Defn: A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer.

GREENHORN Green"horn`, n.

Defn: A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. W. Irving.

GREENHOUSE Green"house`, n.

Defn: A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.

GREENING Green"ing, n.

Defn: A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.

GREENISH Green"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow. — Green"ish*ness, n.

GREENLANDER Green"land*er, n.

Defn: A native of Greenland.

GREEN-LEEK Green"-leek`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis Barrabandi); — called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.

GREENLET Green"let, n.

Defn: l. (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue-headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.

2. (Zoöl,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.

GREENLY Green"ly, adv.

Defn: With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. — a.

Defn: Of a green color. [Obs.]

GREENNESS Green"ness, n. Etym: [AS. grnnes. See Green.]

1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow.

2. Freshness; vigor; newness.

3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the greenness of youth.

GREENOCKITE Green"ock*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.)

Defn: Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.

GREENROOM Green"room` (gren"room`), n.

Defn: The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.

GREENSAND Green"sand` (-s, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime.

Note: Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.

GREENSHANK Green"shank`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus canescens); — called also greater plover.

GREEN-STALL Green"-stall`, n.

Defn: A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.

GREENSTONE Green"stone` (gren"ston`), n. Etym: [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.

GREENSWARD Green"sward` (-sward') n.

Defn: Turf green with grass.

GREENTH Greenth (grenth), n. Etym: [Cf. Growth.]

Defn: The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.] The greenth of summer. G. Eliot.

GREENWEED Green"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Greenbroom.

GREENWOOD Green"wood`, n.

Defn: A forest as it appears is spring and summer.

GREENWOOD Green"wood`, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden.

GREET Greet, a.

Defn: Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREET Greet, v. i. Etym: [OE. greten, AS. grtan, grlan; akin to Icel. grata, Sw. gita, Dan. grde, Goth. grctan; cf. Skr. hrd to sound, roar. sq. root50.]

Defn: To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.

GREET Greet, n.

Defn: Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.

GREET Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] Etym: [OE. greten, AS. grtan to address, approach; akin to OS. gr, LG gröten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. grüssen.]

1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token. My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak.

2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad. In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison.

3. To accost; to address. Pope.

GREET Greet, v. i.

Defn: To meet and give salutations. There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace. Shak.

GREET Greet, n.

Defn: Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.

GREETER Greet"er, n.

Defn: One who greets or salutes another.

GREETER Greet"er, n.

Defn: One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]

GREETING Greet"ing, n.

Defn: Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent. Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak.

Syn. — Salutation; salute; compliment.

GREEVE Greeve, n.

Defn: See Grieve, an overseer.

GREEZE Greeze, n.

Defn: A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this. Latimer.

GREFFIER Gref"fi*er, n. Etym: [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L. graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See Graft, and cf. Graffer.]

Defn: A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

GREGAL Gre"gal, a. Etym: [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, a flock. For this gregal conformity there is an excuse. W. S. Mayo.

GREGARIAN Gre*ga"ri*an, a.

Defn: Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common. [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.

GREGARINE; GREGARINAE Greg`a*ri"nae, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr. L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they are amoebiform; — called also Gregarinida, and Gregarinaria.

GREGARINE Greg"a*rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gregarinæ. — n.

Defn: One of the Gregarinæ.

GREGARINIDA Greg`a*rin"i*da

Defn: Gregarinæ.

GREGARIOUS Gre*ga"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf. Gr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.]

Defn: Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke. No birds of prey are gregarious. Ray. — Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv. — Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.

GREGE; GREGGE Grege, Greg"ge (, v. t. Etym: [OE. gregier to burden.]

Defn: To make heavy; to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif.

GREGGOE; GREGO Greg"goe, Gre"go, n. Etym: [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp. Griego, or Pg. Grego.]

Defn: A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant. [Written also griego.]

GREGORIAN Gre*go"ri*an, a. Etym: [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. grégorien.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name. Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below). — Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century. — Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. — Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. — Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7.

GREILLADE Greil"lade, n. (Metal.)

Defn: Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the Catalan process.

GREISEN Grei"sen, n. (Min.)

Defn: A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.

GREIT Greit, v. i.

Defn: See Greet, to weep.

GREITH Greith, v. t. Etym: [Icel. grcta: cf. AS. gerdan to arrange; pref. ge- + r ready. Cf. Ready.]

Defn: To make ready; — often used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREITH Greith, n. Etym: [Icel. grcii. See Greith, v.]

Defn: Goods; furniture. [Obs.]

Note: See Graith.

GREMIAL Gre"mi*al, a. Etym: [L. gremium lap, bosom.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. [R.]

GREMIAL Gre"mi*al, n.

1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. (Ecol.)

Defn: A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.

GRENADE Gre*nade", n. Etym: [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblanse of its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.] (Min.)

Defn: A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.

GRENADIER Gren`a*dier", n. Etym: [F. grenadier. See Grenade.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; — called also onion fish, and rat-tail fish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back red and the lower parts black.

GRENADILLO Gren`a*dil"lo, n. Etym: [Sp. granadillo.]

Defn: A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; — called also Grenada cocos, or cocus, and red ebony.

GRENADINE Gren`a*dine", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.

2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.

GRENADO Gre*na"do, n.

Defn: Same as Grenade.

GRENE Grene, a.

Defn: Green. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRES Gres, n.

Defn: Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRESSORIAL; GRESSORIOUS Gres*so"ri*al, Gres*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. gressus, p. p. of gradi to step, go.] (Zool.)

Defn: Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.

GRET; GRETE Gret, Grete (, a.

Defn: Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRETTO Gret"to, obs.

Defn: imp. of Greet, to salute.

GREVE Greve, n.

Defn: A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GREW Grew,

Defn: imp. of Grow.

GREWSOME; GRUESOME Grew"some

Defn: , Grue"some, a. Etym: [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.]

Defn: Ugly; frightful. Grewsome sights of war. C. Kingsley.

GREY Grey, a.

Defn: See Gray (the correct orthography).

GREYHOUND Grey"hound`, n. Etym: [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond, Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. grghund. The origin of the first syllable is unknown.]

Defn: A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.]

GREYLAG Grey"lag`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Graylag.

GRIBBLE Grib"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.

GRICE Grice, n. Etym: [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. grss, Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. , Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise, Griskin.]

Defn: A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]

GRICE Grice, n.

Defn: See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

GRID Grid, n.

Defn: A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.

GRIDDLE Grid"dle, n. Etym: [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf. W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.]

1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.

2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.

GRIDDLECAKE Grid"dle*cake`, n.

Defn: A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.

GRIDE Gride, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] Etym: [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf. Grid to strike, sneer.]

Defn: To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton. That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride. Spenser.

GRIDE Gride, n.

Defn: A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating. The gride of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and stone. Whittier.

GRIDELIN Grid"e*lin, n. Etym: [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.]

Defn: A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden.

GRIDIRON Grid"i`ron, n. Etym: [OE. gredire, gredirne, from tthe same source as E. griddle, but the ending wass confused with E. iron. See Griddle.]

1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs. 3. (Sport)

Defn: A football field. Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. — Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.

GRIEF Grief, n. Etym: [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L. gravis heavy; akin to Gr. , Skr. guru, Goth. karus. Cf. Barometer, Grave, a., Grieve, Gooroo.]

1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. Addison.

2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance. Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak.

3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.] This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood. To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.]

Syn. — Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause — one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan.See Affliction.

GRIEFFUL Grief"ful, a.

Defn: Full of grief or sorrow. Sackvingle.

GRIEFLESS Grief"less, a.

Defn: Without grief. Huloet.

GRIEGO Grie"go, n.

Defn: See Greggoe.

GRIEVABLE Griev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Lamentable. [Obs.]

GRIEVANCE Griev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. grcvance. See Grieve, v. t.]

1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.

2. Grieving; grief; affliction. The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton.

Syn. — Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.

GRIEVANCER Griev"an*cer, n.

Defn: One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint. [Obs.] Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers. Fuller.

GRIEVE; GREEVE Grieve, Greeve, n. Etym: [AS. ger. Cf. Reeve an officer.]

Defn: A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.] Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. Sir W. Scott.

GRIEVE Grieve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved; p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving.] Etym: [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.]

1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try. Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30. The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper,

2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]

GRIEVE Grieve, v. i.

Defn: To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; — often followed by at, for, or over. Do not you grieve at this. Shak.

GRIEVER Griev"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grieves.

GRIEVING Griev"ing, a.

Defn: Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. — n.

Defn: The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved. — Griev'ing-ly, adv. Shak.

GRIEVOUS Griev"ous, a. Etym: [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.]

1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful. The famine was grievous in the land. Gen. xii. 10. The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight. Gen. xxi 11.

2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.

3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; as, a grievous cry. — Griev"ous*ly, adv. — Griev"ous*ness, n.

GRIFF Griff, n. Etym: [Cf. Gripe.]

1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.] A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff. Holland.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving)

Defn: An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods. Knight.

GRIFFE Griffe, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto. [Local, U. S.]

GRIFFIN Grif"fin, n.

Defn: An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H. Kingsley.

GRIFFIN; GRIFFON Grif"fin, Grif"fon, n. Etym: [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F. griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; - - called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]

4. An English early apple.

GRIG Grig, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. kräk little creature, reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey. As merry as a grig Etym: [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.

GRIL Gril, a. Etym: [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.]

Defn: Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

GRILL Grill, n. Etym: [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.]

1. A gridiron. [They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton.

2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.

GRILL Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] Etym: [F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. graïl, L. craticulum for craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate, n.]

1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons. Marvell.

2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.

GRILLADE Gril*lade" (, n. Etym: [F. See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.

GRILLAGE Gril"lage, n. Etym: [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.)

Defn: A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.

GRILLE Grille, a. Etym: [F. See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: A lattice or grating. The grille which formed part of the gate. L. Oliphant.

GRILLROOM Grill"room`, n.

Defn: A room specially fitted for broiling food, esp. one in a restaurant, hotel, or clubhouse, arranged for prompt service.

GRILLY Gril"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Grill, v. t.]

Defn: To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.

GRILSE Grilse, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon after its first return from the sea.

GRIM Grim, a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (.] Etym: [AS. grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr.

Defn: Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible. Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. Shak . The ridges of grim war. Milton.

Syn.— Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.

GRIMACE Gri*mace", n. Etym: [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr mask, specter, Ical. gr mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.]

Defn: A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face. Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion. Addison.

Note: "Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's "Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are now in common usa: chagrin, double—entendre, éclaircissement, embarras, équivoque, foible, grimace, naïvete, ridicule. All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." I. Disraeli.

GRIMACE Gri*mace", v. i.

Defn: To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces. H. Martineau.

GRIMACED Gri*maced", a.

Defn: Distorted; crabbed.

GRIMALKIN Gri*mal"kin, n. Etym: [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.]

Defn: An old cat, esp. a she-cat. J. Philips.

GRIME Grime, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.]

Defn: Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.

GRIME Grime, v. t.

Defn: To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.

GRIMILY Grim"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grimy manner.

GRIMINESS Grim"i*ness n.

Defn: The state of being grimy.

GRIMLY Grim"ly, a.

Defn: Grim; hideous; stern. [R.] In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D. Mallet.

GRIMLY Grim"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.

GRIMME Grimme, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African antelope (Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; — called also conquetoon.

GRIMNESS Grim"ness, n. Etym: [AS. grimnes.]

Defn: Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.

GRIMSIR Grim"sir, n.

Defn: A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.

GRIMY Grim"y, a. [Compar. Grimier; superl. Grimiest.]

Defn: Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.

GRIN Grin, n. Etym: [AS. grin.]

Defn: A snare; a gin. [Obs.] Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. Remedy of Love.

GRIN Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.] Etym: [OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen, G. greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. Groan.]

1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.

2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain. The pangs of death do make him grin. Shak.

GRIN Grin, v. t.

Defn: To express by grinning. Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.

GRIN Grin, n.

Defn: The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile. I.Watts. He showed twenty teeth at a grin. Addison.

GRIND Grind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] Etym: [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.]

1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones. Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2.

2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.

3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass. To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden.

4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]

GRIND Grind, v. i.

1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones. Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton.

2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well.

3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.

4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.

5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.

GRIND Grind, n.

1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.

2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.

3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]

GRINDED Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind.

Defn: Ground. Sir W. Scott.

GRINDELIA Grin*de"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.] (Med.)

Defn: The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a remedy in asthma and bronchitis.

GRINDER Grind"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, grinds.

2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; — called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.

GRINDERY Grind"er*y, n.

Defn: Leather workers' materials. [Eng.] Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]

GRINDING Grind"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Grind. Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton spinning machine. — Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's lathe.

GRINDINGLY Grind"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]

GRINDLE Grin"dle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bowfin; — called also Johnny Grindle. [Local, U. S.]

GRINDLE STONE Grin"dle stone".

Defn: A grindstone. [Obs.]

GRINDLET Grind"let, n.

Defn: A small drain.

GRINDSTONE Grind"stone`, n.

Defn: A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects. To hold, pat, or bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude. They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Lacedæmonians to hold their noses to the grindstone. Sir T. North.

GRINGO Grin"go, n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Sp. gringo gibberish; cf. griego Greek, F. grigou wretch.]

Defn: Among Spanish Americans, a foreigner, esp. an Englishman or American; — often used as a term of reproach.

GRINNER Grin"ner, n.

Defn: One who grins. Addison.

GRINNINGLY Grin"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grinning manner.

GRINT Grint,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, Etym: contr. from grindeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRINTE Grin"te, obs.

Defn: imp. of Grin, v. i., 1. [He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth. Chaucer.

GRINTING Grint"ing, n.

Defn: Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRIP Grip, n. Etym: [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The griffin. [Obs.]

GRIP Grip, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.]

Defn: A small ditch or furrow. Ray.

GRIP Grip, v. t.

Defn: To trench; to drain.

GRIP Grip, n. Etym: [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.]

1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping.

2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.

3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip of a sword.

4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.

GRIP Grip, v. t. Etym: [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; — of German origin. See Gripe, v. t.]

Defn: To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.

GRIP CAR Grip car.

Defn: A car with a grip to clutch a traction cable.

GRIPE Gripe, n. Etym: [See Grype.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.] Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws. Shak. Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson.

GRIPE Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped; p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] Etym: [AS. gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr, Icel. gripa, Sw. gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ. grabite to plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t., Grope.]

1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to clutch.

2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely. Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances. How inly sorrow gripes his soul. Shak.

GRIPE Gripe, v. i.

1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a gripe.

2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana, Jr.

GRIPE Gripe, n.

1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch. A barren scepter in my gripe. Shak.

2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of a sword.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.

4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the gripe of poverty.

5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; — chiefly used in the plural.

6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c) pl.

Defn: An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging. Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard. D. L. Mackenzie.

GRIPEFUL Gripe"ful, a.

Defn: Disposed to gripe; extortionate.

GRIPER Grip"er, a.

Defn: One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton.

GRIPINGLY Grip"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon.

GRIPMAN Grip"man, n.

Defn: The man who manipulates a grip.

GRIPPE Grippe, n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)

Defn: The influenza or epidemic catarrh. Dunglison.

GRIPPER Grip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.

2. pl.

Defn: In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.

GRIPPLE Grip"ple, n.

Defn: A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser.

GRIPPLE Grip"ple, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. gripe.]

Defn: Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious. [Obs.] Spenser.

GRIPPLENESS Grip"ple*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]

GRIPSACK Grip"sack`, n.

Defn: A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]

GRIS Gris, a. Etym: [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG. gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.]

Defn: Gray. [R.] Chaucer.

GRIS Gris, n. Etym: [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.]

Defn: A costly kind of fur. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GRIS Gris (grîs), n. sing. & pl. Etym: [See Grice a pig.]

Defn: A little pig. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

GRISAILLE Gri"saille`, n. Etym: [F., from gris gray.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Decorative painting in gray monochrome; — used in English especially for painted glass.

2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight.

GRISAMBER Gris"am`ber, n. Etym: [See Ambergris.]

Defn: Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton.

GRISE Grise (gris), n.

Defn: See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]

GRISE Grise (gris or gres), n. Etym: [Prop. pl. of gree a step.]

Defn: A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.] Every grise of fortune is smoothed by that below. Shak.

GRISEOUS Gris"e*ous, a. Etym: [LL. griseus. See Gris.]

Defn: Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly. Maunder.

GRISETTE Gri*sette", n. Etym: [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff. See Gars.]

Defn: A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry. Sterne.

GRISKIN Gris"kin, n. Etym: [Grise a pig + -kin.]

Defn: The spine of a hog. [Obs.]

GRISLED Gri"sled, a. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Grizzled.

GRISLINESS Gris"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney.

GRISLY Gris"ly, a. Etym: [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr. gro shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenlch, and also AS. gresan to frighten, and E. gruesome.]

Defn: Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly specter. "Grisly to behold." Chaucer. A man of grisly and stern gravity. Robynson (More's Utopia). Grisly bear. (Zoöl.) See under Grizzly.

GRISON Gri"son, n. Etym: [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See Gris.] (Zoöl.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.

GRISONS Gri"sons, n. pl. Etym: [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. (b) sing.

Defn: The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.

GRIST Grist, n. Etym: [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]

1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store. Tusser. Q.

2. Supply; provision. Swift.

3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands. Knight. All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] — To bring grist to the maill, to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.

GRISTLE Gris"tle, n. Etym: [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila, krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.)

Defn: Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.

GRISTLY Gris"tly, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous.

GRISTMILL Grist"mill", n.

Defn: A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill.

GRIT Grit, n. Etym: [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. greót grit, sant, dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess, Icel. grjot, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf. Grail gravel.]

1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.

2. The coarse part of meal.

3. pl.

Defn: Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit; — called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.

5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit.

6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude. C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.

GRIT Grit, v. i.

Defn: To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind. The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. Goldsmith.

GRIT Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.]

Defn: To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth. [Collog.]

GRITH Grith, n. Etym: [AS. grith peace; akin to Icel. grid.]

Defn: Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower.

GRITROCK; GRITSTONE Grit"rock`, Grit"stone` n. (Geol.)

Defn: See Grit, n., 4.

GRITTINESS Grit"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gritty.

GRITTY Grit"ty, a.

1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.

2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]

GRIVET Griv"et, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseoviridis), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota.

GRIZE Grize, n.

Defn: Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]

GRIZELIN Griz"e*lin, a.

Defn: See Gridelin.

GRIZZLE Griz"zle, n. Etym: [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.]

Defn: Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak.

GRIZZLED Griz"zled, a.

Defn: Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and black. Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. Sir W. Scott.

GRIZZLY Griz"zly, a.

Defn: Somewhat gray; grizzled. Old squirrels that turn grizzly. Bacon. Grizzly bear (Zoöl.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws.

GRIZZLY Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.

2. pl.

Defn: In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.

GROAN Groan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.] Etym: [OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr, fr. the root of grennian to grin. *35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.]

1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan. For we . . . do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor. v. 4. He heard the groaning of the oak. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans. Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so. Herbert.

GROAN Groan, v. t.

Defn: To affect by groans.

GROAN Groan, n.

Defn: A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans. Such groans of roaring wind and rain. Shak. The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

GROANFUL Groan"ful, a.

Defn: Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

GROAT Groat, n. Etym: [LG. grote, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.]

1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.

2. Any small sum of money.

GROATS Groats, n. pl. Etym: [OE. grot, AS. gratan; akin to Icel. grautr porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.]

Defn: Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits. Embden groats, crushed oats.

GROBIAN Gro"bi*an, n. [G., fr. grob rude. Cf. Gruff, a.]

Defn: A rude or clownish person; boor; lout.

GROCER Gro"cer, n. Etym: [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr. gros large, great. See Gross.]

Defn: A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities. Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.

GROCERY Gro"cer*y, n.; pl. Groceries. Etym: [F. grosserie wholesale. See Grocer.]

1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; — in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense. A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. Goldsmith. The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought grocery and millinery. Macaulay.

2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U.s.];

GROG Grog, n. Etym: [So named fronm "Old Grog" a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).]

Defn: A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor. Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]

GROGGERY Grog"ger*y, n.; pl. Groggeries.

Defn: A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]

GROGGINESS Grog"gi*ness, n.

1. State of being groggy.

2. (Man.)

Defn: Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.

GROGGY Grog"gy, a.

1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]

2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; — said of pugilists. [Cant or Slang]

3. (Man.)

Defn: Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; — said of a horse. Youatt.

GROGRAM; GROGRAN Grog"ram, Grog"ran, n. Etym: [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.]

Defn: A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.

GROGSHOP Grog"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.

GROIN Groin, n. Etym: [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.]

Defn: The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GROIN Groin, v. i. Etym: [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.]

Defn: To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bears that groined coatinually. Spenser.

GROIN Groin, n. Etym: [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The surface formed by two such vaults.

4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle. [Eng.] Weale.

GROIN Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined; p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.] (Arch.)

Defn: To fashion into groins; to build with groins. The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity. Emerson.

GROINED Groined, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.

GROLIER Gro"lier`, n.

Defn: The name by which Jean Grolier de Servier (1479-1565), a French bibliophile, is commonly known; — used in naming a certain style of binding, a design, etc.

Grolier binding, a book binding decorated with a pattern imitated from those given covers of books bound for Jean Grolier, and bearing his name and motto. —Grolier design or school, the pattern of interlacing bars, bands, or ribbons, with little scrolls of slender gold lines, assumed to be an imitation of the designs on Jean Grolier's book bindings.

GROMET Grom"et, n.

Defn: Same as Grommet.

GROMILL Grom"ill, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Gromwell.

GROMMET Grom"met, n. Etym: [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.]

1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.

GROMWELL Grom"well, n. Etym: [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. grmil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.]

GROND Grond,

Defn: obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.

GRONTE Gron"te,

Defn: obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.

GROOM Groom, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.]

1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.

2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole.

3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden. Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.

GROOM Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.]

Defn: To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.

GROOMER Groom"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.

GROOMSMAN Grooms"man, n.; pl. Groomsmen (.

Defn: A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; — the correlative of bridesmaid.

GROOPER Groop"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grouper.

GROOVE Groove, n. Etym: [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.]

1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.

2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine. The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove. J. Morley.

3. Etym: [See Grove.] (Mining)

Defn: A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]

GROOVE Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved; p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.]

Defn: To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.

GROOVER Groov"er, n.

1. One who or that which grooves.

2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.

GROOVING Groov"ing, n.

Defn: The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves.

GROPE Grope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped; p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] Etym: [OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. gr to touch, grope, fr. gr to gripe. See Gripe.]

1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]

2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see. We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10. To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life. Buckminster.

GROPE Grope, v. t.

1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight.

2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer. Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).

GROPER Grop"er, n.

Defn: One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.

GROPING-LY Grop"ing-ly, adv.

Defn: In a groping manner.

GROS Gros, n. Etym: [F. See Gross.]

Defn: A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de Tours.

GROSBEAK Gros"beak, n. Etym: [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris.

Note: Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca coerulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.] Habia Ludoviciana).

GROSCHEN Grosch"en, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the empire.

GROSGRAIN Gros"grain`, a. Etym: [F. Cf. Grogram.]

Defn: Of a coarse texture; — applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.

GROSS Gross, a. [Compar. Grosser (; superl. Grossest.] Etym: [F. gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer, Grogram.]

1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A gross fat man." Shak. A gross body of horse under the Duke. Milton.

2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.

3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless. Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear. Milton.

4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure. The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next. Macaulay.

5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.

6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.

7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; — opposed to net. Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a ship. — Gross average (Law), that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; — commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. — Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; — distinguished from net profits. Abbott. — Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; — distinguished from neat, or net, weight.

GROSS Gross, n. Etym: [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross, a.]

1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the enemy." Addison. For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle. Burke.

2. sing. & pl.

Defn: The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of bottles; ten gross of pens. Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor. — A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen. — By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale. — Common in gross. (Law) See under Common, n. — In the gross, In gross, in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.

GROSSBEAK Gross"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grosbeak.

GROSS-HEADED Gross"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Thick-skulled; stupid.

GROSSIFICATION Gross`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. Henslow.

GROSSLY Gross"ly, adv.

Defn: In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.

GROSSNESS Gross"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness. Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight.

GROSSULAR Gros"su*lar, a. Etym: [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See Gooseberry.]

Defn: Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet.

GROSSULAR Gros"su*lar, n. Etym: [See Grossular, a.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; — called also grossularite.

GROSSULARIA Gros`su*la"ria, n. Etym: [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Grossular.

GROSSULIN Gros"su*lin, n. Etym: [See Grossular.] (Chem.)

Defn: A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes Grossularia) and other fruits.

GROT Grot, n. Etym: [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.]

Defn: A grotto. [Poetic] Milton.

GROT; GROTE Grot, Grote (, n.

Defn: A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GROTESQUE Gro*tesque", a. Etym: [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See Grotto.]

Defn: Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design." Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.

GROTESQUE Gro*tesque, n.

1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden.

2. Artificial grotto-work.

GROTESQUELY Gro*tesque"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grotesque manner.

GROTESQUENESS Gro*tesque"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being grotesque.

GROTESQUERY Gro*tesqu"er*y, n. [Written also grotesquerie.] [From Grotesque.]

Defn: Grotesque action, speech, or manners; grotesque doings. "The sustained grotesquery of Feather-top." K. L. Bates.

Vileness, on the other hand, becomes grotesquerie, wonderfully converted into a subject of laughter. George Gissing.

GROTTO Grot"to, n.; pl. Grottoes. Etym: [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta, LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran passage vault, cavern, Gr. Grot, Crypt.]

Defn: A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.

GROTTO-WORK Grot"to-work`, n.

Defn: Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto. Cowper.

GROUND Ground, n. Etym: [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.]

1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23. Hence:

Defn: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.

2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground. From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. Milton.

3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept. Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4.

4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.

5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.

6. (Etching)

Defn: A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; — usually in the plural.

Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.

8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.). On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak.

9. (Elec.)

Defn: A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.

10. pl.

Defn: Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.

11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. — Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. — Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. — Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds. — Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. — Ground bass or base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. — Ground beetle (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabidæ, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. — Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. — Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus Chamæcerasus), with small, very acid fruit. — Ground cuckoo. (Zoöl.) See Chaparral cock. — Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. — Ground dove (Zoöl.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. — Ground fish (Zoöl.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. — Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; — called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. — Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. — Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; — called also rest- harrow. — Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. — Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. — Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. — Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. — Ground hog. (Zoöl.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. — Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. — Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. — Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. — Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. — Ground lark (Zoöl.), the European pipit. See Pipit. — Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. — Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. — Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). — Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. — Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. — Ground parrakeet (Zoöl.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. — Ground pearl (Zoöl.), an insect of the family Coccidæ (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. — Ground pig (Zoöl.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; — called also ground rat. — Ground pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). — Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. Chamæpitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); — called also club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. — Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. — Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. — Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. — Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. — Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. — Ground rat. (Zoöl.) See Ground pig (above). — Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. — Ground robin. (Zoöl.) See Chewink. — Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. — Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; — called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. — Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). — Ground snake (Zoöl.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta amoena). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. — Ground squirrel. (Zoöl.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. — Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). — Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. — Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. — Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. — Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. — Ground thrush (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittidæ. See Pitta. — Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. — Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. — Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Ground wren (below). — Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. — Ground wren (Zoöl.), a small California bird (Chamæa fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd tit, and wren lit. — To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. — To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. — To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. — To get, or To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." Milton. There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. South. — To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. These nine . . . began to give me ground. Shak. —To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. — To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. — To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; — said of a ship.

GROUND Ground, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.]

1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.

2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly. Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17. So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation. Sir W. Hamilton

3. To instruct in elements or first principles.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.

5. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.

GROUND Ground, v. i.

Defn: To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.

GROUND Ground,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. — Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. — Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.

GROUNDAGE Ground"age, n.

Defn: A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier.

GROUNDEDLY Ground"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.

GROUNDEN Ground"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

GROUNDING Ground"ing, n.

Defn: The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.

GROUNDLESS Ground"less, a. Etym: [AS. grundleás bottomless.]

Defn: Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. — Ground"less*ly, adv. — Ground"less*ness, n.

GROUNDLING Ground"ling, n. Etym: [Ground + -ling.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.

2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches. No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge.

GROUNDLY Ground"ly, adv.

Defn: Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.] Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate. Marston.

GROUNDNUT Ground"nut`, n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypogæa (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum) having an edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; — called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.

GROUNDSEL Ground"sel, n. Etym: [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige, grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe.

GROUNDSEL Ground"sel, n. Etym: [Ground + sill.]

Defn: See Ground

GROUNDSILL Ground"sill`

Defn:

GROUNDWORK Ground"work`, n.

Defn: That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden.

GROUP Group, n. Etym: [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop, n.]

1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.

2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; — sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.

GROUP Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] Etym: [Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.]

Defn: To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of. The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects. Prior. Grouped columns (Arch.), three or moro columns placed upon the same pedestal.

GROUPER Group"er, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the family Serranidæ, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The tripletail (Lobotes). (c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes. [Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]

GROUPING Group"ing, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.