D (continued 17)

Defn: A roundish mass of dough boiled in soup, or as a sort of pudding; often, a cover of paste inclosing an apple or other fruit, and boiled or baked; as, an apple dumpling.

DUMPY Dump"y, a. [Compar. Dumpier; superl. Dumpiest.] Etym: [

1. From Dump a short ill-shapen piece.

2. From Dump sadness.]

1. Short and thick; of low stature and disproportionately stout.

2. Sullen or discontented. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

DUMPY LEVEL Dump"y lev"el. (Surv.)

Defn: A level having a short telescope (hence its name) rigidly fixed to a table capable only of rotatory movement in a horizontal plane. The telescope is usually an inverting one. It is sometimes called the Troughton level, from the name of the inventor, and a variety improved by one Gavatt is known as the Gavatt level.

DUN Dun, n. Etym: [See Dune.]

Defn: A mound or small hill.

DUN Dun, v. t.

Defn: To cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or some like substance.

DUN Dun, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Dunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunning.] Etym: [AS. dyne noise, dynian to make a noise, or fr. Icel. dynr, duna, noise, thunder, duna to thunder; the same word as E. din. Din.]

Defn: To ask or beset, as a debtor, for payment; to urge importunately. Hath she sent so soon to dun Swift.

DUN Dun, n.

1. One who duns; a dunner. To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun. Arbuthnot.

2. An urgent request or demand of payment; as, he sent his debtor a dun.

DUN Dun, a. Etym: [AS. dunn. of Celtic origin; cf. W. dwn, Ir. & Gael. donn.]

Defn: Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy. Summer's dun cloud comes thundering up. Pierpont. Chill and dun Falls on the moor the brief November day. Keble. Dun crow (Zoöl.), the hooded crow; — so called from its color; — also called hoody, and hoddy. — Dun diver (Zoöl.), the goosander or merganser.

DUNBIRD Dun"bird`, n. Etym: [Named from its color.] (Zoöl.) (a) The pochard; — called also dunair, and dunker, or dun-curre. (b) An American duck; the ruddy duck.

DUNCE Dunce, n. Etym: [From Joannes Duns Scotus, a schoolman called the Subtle Doctor, who died in 1308. Originally in the phrase "a Duns man". See Note below.]

Defn: One backward in book learning; a child or other person dull or weak in intellect; a dullard; a dolt. I never knew this town without dunces of figure. Swift.

Note: The schoolmen were often called, after their great leader Duns Scotus, Dunsmen or Duncemen. In the revival of learning they were violently opposed to classical studies; hence, the name of Dunce was applied with scorn and contempt to an opposer of learning, or to one slow at learning, a dullard.

DUNCEDOM Dunce"dom, n.

Defn: The realm or domain of dunces. [Jocose] Carlyle.

DUNCERY Dun"cer*y, n.

Defn: Dullness; stupidity.

DUNCICAL Dun"ci*cal, a.

Defn: Like a dunce; duncish. The most dull and duncical commissioner. Fuller.

DUNCIFY Dun"ci*fy, v. t. Etym: [Dunce + -fy.]

Defn: To make stupid in intellect. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

DUNCISH Dun"cish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like a dunce. [R.] — Dun"cish*ness, n. [R.]

DUNDER Dun"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. redundar to overflow.]

Defn: The lees or dregs of cane juice, used in the distillation of rum. [West Indies] The use of dunder in the making of rum answers the purpose of yeast in the fermentation of flour. B. Edwards.

DUNDERHEAD Dun"der*head`, n. Etym: [Prov. Eng. also dunderpoll, from dunder, same as thunder.]

Defn: A dunce; a numskull; a blockhead. Beau. & Fl.

DUNDER-HEADED Dun"der-head`ed, a.

Defn: Thick-headed; stupid.

DUNDERPATE Dun"der*pate`, n.

Defn: See Dunderhead.

DUNE Dune, n. Etym: [The same word as down: cf. D. duin. See Down a bank of sand.]

Defn: A low hill of drifting sand usually formed on the coats, but often carried far inland by the prevailing winds. [Written also dun.] Three great rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, had deposited their slime for ages among the dunes or sand banks heaved up by the ocean around their mouths. Motley.

DUNFISH Dun"fish, n.

Defn: Codfish cured in a particular manner, so as to be of a superior quality.

DUNG Dung, n. Etym: [AS. dung; akin to G. dung, dünger, OHG. tunga, Sw. dynga; cf. Icel. dyngja heap, Dan. dynge, MHG. tunc underground dwelling place, orig., covered with dung. Cf. Dingy.]

Defn: The excrement of an animal. Bacon.

DUNG Dung, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunging.]

1. To manure with dung. Dryden.

2. (Calico Print.)

Defn: To immerse or steep, as calico, in a bath of hot water containing cow dung; — done to remove the superfluous mordant.

DUNG Dung, v. i.

Defn: To void excrement. Swift.

DUNGAREE Dun`ga*ree", n.

Defn: A coarse kind of unbleached cotton stuff. [Written also dungari.] [India]

DUNGEON Dun"geon, n. Etym: [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a castle, LL. domnio, the same word as LL. dominus lord. See Dame, Don, and cf. Dominion, Domain, Demesne, Danger, Donjon.]

Defn: A close, dark prison, commondonjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons. Down with him even into the deep dungeon. Tyndale. Year after year he lay patiently in a dungeon. Macaulay.

DUNGEON Dun"geon, v. t.

Defn: To shut up in a dungeon. Bp. Hall.

DUNGFORK Dung"fork`, n.

Defn: A fork for tossing dung.

DUNGHILL Dung"hill`, n.

1. A heap of dung.

2. Any mean situation or condition; a vile abode. He . . . lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill. 1. Sam. ii. 8. Dunghill fowl, a domestic fowl of common breed.

DUNGMEER Dung"meer`, n. Etym: [Dung + (prob.) meer a pool.]

Defn: A pit where dung and weeds rot for manure.

DUNGY Dung"y, a.

Defn: Full of dung; filthy; vile; low. Shak.

DUNGYARD Dung"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard where dung is collected.

DUNKER Dun"ker, n. Etym: [G. tunken to dip.]

Defn: One of a religious denomination whose tenets and practices are mainly those of the Baptists, but partly those of the Quakers; — called also Tunkers, Dunkards, Dippers, and, by themselves, Brethren, and German Baptists.

Note: The denomination was founded in Germany in 1708, but after a few years the members emigrated to the United States. Seventh-day Dunkers, a sect which separated from the Dunkers and formed a community, in 1728. They keep the seventh day or Saturday as the Sabbath.

DUNLIN Dun"lin, n. Etym: [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. dun hill (E. dune), and linne pool, pond, lake, E. lin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of sandpiper (Tringa alpina); — called also churr, dorbie, grass bird, and red-backed sandpiper. It is found both in Europe and America.

DUNNAGE Dun"nage, n. Etym: [Cf. Dun a mound.] (Naut.)

Defn: Fagots, boughs, or loose materials of any kind, laid on the bottom of the hold for the cargo to rest upon to prevent injury by water, or stowed among casks and other cargo to prevent their motion.

DUNNER Dun"ner, n. Etym: [From Dun to ask payment from.]

Defn: One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.

DUNNISH Dun"nish, a.

Defn: Inclined to a dun color. Ray.

DUNNOCK Dun"nock, n. Etym: [Cf. Dun,a.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hedge sparrow or hedge accentor. [Local, Eng.]

DUNNY Dun"ny, a.

Defn: Deaf; stupid.[Prov. Eng.] My old dame Joan is something dunny, and will scarce know how to manage. Sir W. Scott.

DUNT Dunt, n. Etym: [Dint.]

Defn: A blow. [Obs.] R. of Glouc.

DUNTED Dunt"ed, a.

Defn: Beaten; hence, blunted. [Obs.] Fencer's swords . . . having the edge dunted. Fuller.

DUNTER Dun"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A porpoise. [Scott.] Dunter goose (Zoöl.) the eider duck. J. Brand.

DUO Du"o, n. Etym: [It. duo, fr. L. duo two. See Duet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A composition for two performers; a duet.

DUODECAHEDRAL; DUODECAHEDRON Du`o*dec`a*he"dral, a., Du`o*dec`a*he"dron (, n.

Defn: See Dodecahedral, and Dodecahedron.

DUODECENNIAL Du`o*de*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. duodecennis; duodecim twelve + annus year.]

Defn: Consisting of twelve years. [R.] Ash.

DUODECIMAL Du`o*dec"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. duodecim twelve. See Dozen.]

Defn: Proceeding in computation by twelves; expressed in the scale of twelves. — Du`o*dec"i*mal*ly, adv.

DUODECIMAL Du`o*dec"i*mal, n.

1. A twelfth part; as, the duodecimals of an inch.

2. pl. (Arch.)

Defn: A system of numbers, whose denominations rise in a scale of twelves, as of feet and inches. The system is used chiefly by artificers in computing the superficial and solid contents of their work.

DUODECIMFID Du`o*dec"im*fid, a. Etym: [L. duodecim twelve + findere to cleave.]

Defn: Divided into twelve parts.

DUODECIMO Du`o*dec"i*mo, a. Etym: [L. in duodecimo in twelfth, fr. duodecimus twelfth, fr. duodecim twelve. See Dozen.]

Defn: Having twelve leaves to a sheet; as, a duodecimo from, book, leaf, size, etc.

DUODECIMO Du*o*dec"i*mo, n.; pl. Duodecimos (.

Defn: A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into twelve leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; — usually written 12mo or 12º.

DUODECUPLE Du`o*dec"u*ple, a. Etym: [L. duo two + decuple.]

Defn: Consisting of twelves. Arbuthnot.

DUODENAL Du`o*de"nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. duodénal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the duodenum; as, duodenal digestion.

DUODENARY Du`o*den"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. duodenarius, fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duodénaire.]

Defn: Containing twelve; twelvefold; increasing by twelves; duodecimal.

DUODENUM Du`o*de"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duodenum. So called because its length is about twelve fingers' breadth.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the small intestines between the stomach and the jejunum. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive.

DUOGRAPH Du"o*graph, n. [L. duo two + -graph.] (Photo-engraving)

Defn: A picture printed from two half-tone plates made with the screen set at different angles, and usually printed in two shades of the same color or in black and one tint.

DUOLITERAL Du`o*lit"er*al, a. Etym: [L. duo two + E. literal.]

Defn: Consisting of two letters only; biliteral. Stuart.

DUOMO Duo"mo, n. Etym: [It. See Done.]

Defn: A cathedral. See Dome, 2. Of tower or duomo, sunny sweet. Tennyson.

DUOTONE Du"o*tone, n. [L. duo two + tone.] (Photoengraving)

Defn: Any picture printed in two shades of the same color, as duotypes and duographs are usually printed.

DUOTYPE Du"o*type, n. [L. duo two + type.] (Photoengraving)

Defn: A print made from two half-tone plates made from the same negative, but etched differently.

DUP Dup, v. t. Etym: [Contr. fr. do up, that is, to lift up the latch. Cf. Don, Doff.]

Defn: To open; as, to dup the door. [Obs.] Shak.

DUPABLE Dup"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being duped.

DUPE Dupe, n. Etym: [F., prob. from Prov. F. dupe, dube; of unknown origin; equiv. to F. huppe hoopoe, a foolish bird, easily caught. Cf. Armor. houpérik hoopoe, a man easily deceived. Cf. also Gull, Booby.]

Defn: One who has been deceived or who is easily deceived; a gull; as, the dupe of a schemer.

DUPE Dupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duped; p. pr. & vb. n. Duping.] Etym: [Cf. F. duper, fr. dupe. See Dupe, n.]

Defn: To deceive; to trick; to mislead by imposing on one's credulity; to gull; as, dupe one by flattery. Ne'er have I duped him with base counterfeits. Coleridge.

DUPER Dup"er, n.

Defn: One who dupes another.

DUPERY Dup"er*y, n. Etym: [F. duperie, fr. duper.]

Defn: The act or practice of duping. [R.]

DUPION Du"pi*on, n. Etym: [F. doupion, It. doppione, fr. doppio double, L. duplus. See Double, and cf. Doubloon.]

Defn: A double cocoon, made by two silkworms.

DUPLE Du"ple, a. Etym: [L. duplus. See Double.]

Defn: Double. Duple ratio (Math.), that in which the antecedent term is double the consequent, as of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, etc.

DUPLEX Du"plex, a. Etym: [L., fr. duo two + plicare to fold. See Two, and Complex.]

Defn: Double; twofold. Duplex escapement, a peculiar kind of watch escapement, in which the scape-wheel has two sets of teeth. See Escapement. — Duplex lathe, one for turning off, screwing, and surfacing, by means of two cutting tools, on opposite sides of the piece operated upon. — Duplex pumping engine, a steam pump in which two steam cylinders are placed side by side, one operating the valves of the other. — Duplex querela Etym: [L., double complaint] (Eccl. Law), a complaint in the nature of an appeal from the ordinary to his immediate superior, as from a bishop to an archbishop. Mozley & W. — Duplex telegraphy, a system of telegraphy for sending two messages over the same wire simultaneously. — Duplex watch, one with a duplex escapement.

DUPLICATE Du"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. duplicatus, p. p. of duplicare to double, fr. duplex double, twofold. See Duplex.]

Defn: Double; twofold. Duplicate proportion or ratio (Math.), the proportion or ratio of squares. Thus, in geometrical proportion, the first term to the third is said to be in a duplicate ratio of the first to the second, or as its square is to the square of the second. Thus, in 2, 4, 8, 16, the ratio of 2 to 8 is a duplicate of that of 2 to 4, or as the square of 2 is to the square of 4.

DUPLICATE Du"pli*cate, n.

1. That which exactly resembles or corresponds to something else; another, correspondent to the first; hence, a copy; a transcript; a counterpart. I send a duplicate both of it and my last dispatch. Sir W. Temple.

2. (Law)

Defn: An original instrument repeated; a document which is the same as another in all essential particulars, and differing from a mere copy in having all the validity of an original. Burrill.

DUPLICATE Du"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duplicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Duplicating.]

1. To double; to fold; to render double.

2. To make a duplicate of (something); to make a copy or transcript of. Glanvill.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To divide into two by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, infusoria duplicate themselves.

DUPLICATION Du`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. duplicatio: cf. F. duplication.]

1. The act of duplicating, or the state of being duplicated; a doubling; a folding over; a fold.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The act or process of dividing by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, the duplication of cartilage cells. Carpenter. Duplication of the cube (Math.), the operation of finding a cube having a volume which is double that of a given cube.

DUPLICATIVE Du"pli*ca*tive, a.

1. Having the quality of duplicating or doubling.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the quality of subdividing into two by natural growth. "Duplicative subdivision." Carpenter.

DUPLICATURE Du"pli*ca*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. duplicature.]

Defn: A doubling; a fold, as of a membrane.

DUPLICITY Du*plic"i*ty, n.; pl. Duplicities. Etym: [F. duplicité, L. duplicitas, fr. duplex double. See Duplex.]

1. Doubleness; a twofold state. [Archaic] Do not affect duplicities nor triplicities, nor any certain number of parts in your division of things. I. Watts.

2. Doubleness of heart or speech; insincerity; a sustained form of deception which consists in entertaining or pretending to entertain one of feelings, and acting as if influenced by another; bad faith. Far from the duplicity wickedly charged on him, he acted his part with alacrity and resolution. Burke.

3. (Law) (a) The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. Blackstone. (b) In indictments, the union of two incompatible offenses. Wharton.

Syn. — Double dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception; falsehood.

DUPPER Dup"per, n.

Defn: See 2d Dubber.

DUR Dur, a. Etym: [G., fr. L. durus hard, firm, vigorous.] (Mus.)

Defn: Major; in the major mode; as, C dur, that is, C major.

DURA Du"ra, n.

Defn: Short form for Dura mater.

DURABILITY Du`ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. durabilitas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being durable; the power of uninterrupted or long continuance in any condition; the power of resisting agents or influences which tend to cause changes, decay, or dissolution; lastingness. A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds by the size, its height, . . . its antiquity, and its durability. Blair.

DURABLE Du"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. durabilis, fr. durare to last: cf. F. durable. See Dure.]

Defn: Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting; not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon; enduring; as, durable cloth; durable happiness. Riches and honor are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness. Prov. viii. 18. An interest which from its object and grounds must be so durable. De Quincey.

Syn. — Lasting; permanent; enduring; firm; stable; continuing; constant; persistent. See Lasting.

DURABLENESS Du"ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Power of lasting, enduring, or resisting; durability. The durableness of the metal that supports it. Addison.

DURABLY Du"ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In a lasting manner; with long continuance.

DURAL Du"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the dura, or dura mater.

DURA MATER Du"ra ma"ter. Etym: [L., lit., hard mother. The membrane was called mater, or mother, because it was formerly thought to give rise to every membrane of the body.] (Anat.)

Defn: The tough, fibrous membrane, which lines the cavity of the skull and spinal column, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord; — frequently abbreviated to dura.

DURAMEN Du*ra"men, n. Etym: [L., hardness, a hardened, i. e., ligneous, vine branch, fr. durare to harden. See Dure.] (Bot.)

Defn: The heartwood of an exogenous tree.

DURANCE Dur"ance, n. Etym: [OF. durance duration, fr. L. durans, -antis, p. pr. durare to endure, last. See Dure, and cf. Durant.]

1. Continuance; duration. See Endurance. [Archaic] Of how short durance was this new-made state! Dryden.

2. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody by a jailer; duress. Shak. "Durance vile." Burns. In durance, exile, Bedlam or the mint. Pope.

3. (a) A stout cloth stuff, formerly made in imitation of buff leather and used for garments; a sort of tammy or everlasting. Where didst thou buy this buff let me not live but I will give thee a good suit of durance. J. Webster.

(b) In modern manufacture, a worsted of one color used for window blinds and similar purposes.

DURANCY Dur"an*cy, n.

Defn: Duration. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DURANT Dur"ant, n. Etym: [F. durant, p. pr. of durer to last. Cf. Durance.]

Defn: See Durance, 3.

DURANTE Du*ran"te, prep. Etym: [L., abl. case of the p. pr. of durare to last.] (Law)

Defn: During; as, durante vita, during life; durante bene placito, during pleasure.

DURATION Du*ra"tion, n. Etym: [OF. duration. See Dure.]

Defn: The state or quality of lasting; continuance in time; the portion of time during which anything exists. It was proposed that the duration of Parliament should be limited. Macaulay. Soon shall have passed our own human duration. D. Webster.

DURATIVE Dur"a*tive, a.

Defn: Continuing; not completed; implying duration. Its durative tense, which expresses the thought of it as going on. J. Byrne.

DURBAR Dur"bar, n. Etym: [Hind. darbar, fr. Per dar house, court, hall of audience; dar door, gate + bar court, assembly.]

Defn: An audience hall; the court of a native prince; a state levee; a formal reception of native princes, given by the governor general of India. [India] [Written also darbar.]

DURE Dure, a. Etym: [L. durus; akin to Ir. & Gael. dur , stubborn, W. dir certain, sure, cf. Gr.

Defn: Hard; harsh; severe; rough; toilsome. [R.] The winter is severe, and life is dure and rude. W. H. Russell.

DURE Dure, v. i. Etym: [F. durer, L. durare to harden, be hardened, to endure, last, fr. durus hard. See Dure, a.]

Defn: To last; to continue; to endure. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while. Matt. xiii. 21.

DUREFUL Dure"ful, a.

Defn: Lasting. [Obs.] Spenser.

DURELESS Dure"less, a.

Defn: Not lasting. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

DURENE Du"rene, n. Etym: [L. durus hard; — so called because solid at ordinary temperatures.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H2(CH3)4, off artificial production, with an odor like camphor.

DURESS Du"ress, n. Etym: [OF. duresse, du, hardship, severity, L. duritia, durities, fr. durus hard. See Dure.]

1. Hardship; constraint; pressure; imprisonment; restraint of liberty. The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: The state of compulsion or necessity in which a person is influenced, whether by the unlawful restrain of his liberty or by actual or threatened physical violence, to incur a civil liability or to commit an offense.

DURESS Du*ress", v. t.

Defn: To subject to duress. "The party duressed." Bacon.

DURESSOR Du*ress"or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who subjects another to duress Bacon.

DURGA Dur"ga, n. (Myth.)

Defn: Same as Doorga.

DURHAM Dur"ham, n.

Defn: One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their beef-producing quality.

DURIAN; DURION Du"ri*an, or Du"ri*on, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the durio. It is oval or globular, and eight or ten inches long. It has a hard prickly rind, containing a soft, cream-colored pulp, of a most delicious flavor and a very offensive odor. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts.

DURING Dur"ing, prep. Etym: [Orig., p. pr. of dure.]

Defn: In the time of; as long as the action or existence of; as, during life; during the space of a year.

DURIO Du"ri*o, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Malay d thorn.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit tree (D. zibethinus, the only species known) of the Indian Archipelago. It bears the durian.

DURITY Du"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. duritas, fr. durus hard.] [Obs.]

1. Hardness; firmness. Sir T. Browne.

2. Harshness; cruelty. Cockeram.

DUROMETER Du*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. durus hard + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of hardness; especially, an instrument for testing the relative hardness of steel rails and the like.

DUROUS Du"rous, a. Etym: [L. durus.]

Defn: Hard. [Obs. & R.]

DURRA Dur"ra, n. Etym: [Ar. dhorra.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of millet, cultivated throughout Asia, and introduced into the south of Europe; a variety of Sorghum vulgare; — called also Indian millet, and Guinea corn. [Written also dhoorra, dhurra, doura, etc.]

DURST Durst, imp.

Defn: of Dare. See Dare, v. i.

DURUKULI Du`ru*ku"li, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, nocturnal, South American monkey (Nyctipthecus trivirgatus). [Written also douroucouli.]

DURYLIC Du*ryl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, allied to, or derived from, durene; as, durylic acid.

DUSE Duse, n.

Defn: A demon or spirit. See Deuce.

DUSK Dusk, a. Etym: [OE. dusc, dosc, deosc; cf. dial. Sw. duska to drizzle, dusk a slight shower.

Defn: Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black; dusky. A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades. Milton.

DUSK Dusk, n.

1. Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; as, the dusk of the evening.

2. A darkish color. Whose duck set off the whiteness of the skin. Dryden.

DUSK Dusk, v. t.

Defn: To make dusk. [Archaic] After the sun is up, that shadow which dusketh the light of the moon must needs be under the earth. Holland.

DUSK Dusk, v. i.

Defn: To grow dusk. [R.] Chaucer.

DUSKEN Dusk"en, v. t.

Defn: To make dusk or obscure. [R.] Not utterly defaced, but only duskened. Nicolls.

DUSKILY Dusk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dusky manner. Byron.

DUSKINESS Dusk"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dusky.

DUSKISH Dusk"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dusky. " Duskish smoke." Spenser. — Dusk"ish*ly, adv. — Dusk"ish*ness, n.

DUSKNESS Dusk"ness, n.

Defn: Duskiness. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

DUSKY Dusk"y, a.

1. Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; dusk; as, a dusky valley. Through dusky lane and wrangling mart. Keble.

2. Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not bright; as, a dusky brown. Bacon. When Jove in dusky clouds involves the sky. Dryden. The figure of that first ancestor invested by family tradition with a dim and dusky grandeur. Hawthorne.

3. Gloomy; sad; melancholy. This dusky scene of horror, this melancholy prospect. Bentley.

4. Intellectually clouded. Though dusky wits dare scorn astrology. Sir P. Sidney.

DUST Dust, n. Etym: [AS. dust; cf. LG. dust, D. duist meal dust, OD. doest, donst, and G. dunst vapor, OHG. tunist, dunist, a blowing, wind, Icel. dust dust, Dan. dyst mill dust; perh. akin to L. fumus smoke, E. fume. .]

1. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so comminuted that they may be raised and wafted by the wind; that which is crumbled too minute portions; fine powder; as, clouds of dust; bone dust. Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. Gen. iii. 19. Stop! — for thy tread is on an empire's dust. Byron.

2. A single particle of earth or other matter. [R.] "To touch a dust of England's ground." Shak.

3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead. For now shall sleep in the dust. Job vii. 21.

4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body. And you may carve a shrine about my dust. Tennyson.

5. Figuratively, a worthless thing. And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust. Shak.

6. Figuratively, a low or mean condition. [God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust. 1 Sam. ii. 8.

7. Gold dust; hence: (Slang)

Defn: Coined money; cash. Down with the dust, deposit the cash; pay down the money. [Slang] "My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit your hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the days of your life. . . . The Abbot down with his dust, and glad he escaped so, returned to Reading." Fuller. — Dust brand (Bot.), a fungous plant (Ustilago Carbo); — called also smut. — Gold dust, fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in placer mining; — often used as money, being transferred by weight. — In dust and ashes. See under Ashes. — To bite the dust. See under Bite, v. t. — To raise, or kick up, dust, to make a commotion. [Colloq.] — To throw dust in one's eyes, to mislead; to deceive. [Colloq.]

DUST Dust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dusting.]

1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust from; as, to dust a table or a floor.

2. To sprinkle with dust.

3. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate. Sprat. To dyst one's jacket, to give one a flogging. [Slang.]

DUSTBRUSH Dust"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush of feathers, bristles, or hair, for removing dust from furniture.

DUSTER Dust"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, dusts; a utensil that frees from dust. Specifically: (a) (Paper Making) A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the dust from rags, etc. (b) (Milling)

Defn: A blowing machine for separating the flour from the bran.

2. A light over-garment, worn in traveling to protect the clothing from dust. [U.S.]

DUSTINESS Dust"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dusty.

DUSTLESS Dust"less, a.

Defn: Without dust; as a dustless path.

DUSTMAN Dust"man, p.; pl. Dustmen (.

Defn: One whose employment is to remove dirt and defuse. Gay.

DUSTPAN Dust"pan, n.

Defn: A shovel-like utensil for conveying away dust brushed from the floor.

DUST-POINT Dust"-point`, n.

Defn: An old rural game. With any boy at dust-point they shall play. Peacham (1620).

DUSTY Dust"y, a. [Compar. Dustier; superl. Dustiest.] Etym: [AS. dystig. See Dust.]

1. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust; as, a dusty table; also, reducing to dust. And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak.

2. Like dust; of the color of dust; as a dusty white. Dusty miller (Bot.), a plant (Cineraria maritima); — so called because of the ashy-white coating of its leaves.

DUTCH Dutch, a. Etym: [D. duitsch German; or G. deutsch, orig., popular, national, OD. dietsc, MHG. diutsch, tiutsch, OHG. diutisk, fr. diot, diota, a people, a nation; akin to AS. peód, OS. thiod, thioda, Goth. piuda; cf. Lith. tauta land, OIr. tuath people, Oscan touto. The English have applied the name especially to the Germanic people living nearest them, the Hollanders. Cf. Derrick, Teutonic.]

Defn: Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. Dutch auction. See under Auction. — Dutch cheese, a small, pound, hard cheese, made from skim milk. — Dutch clinker, a kind of brick made in Holland. It is yellowish, very hard, and long and narrow in shape. — Dutch clover (Bot.), common white clover (Trifolium repens), the seed of which was largely imported into England from Holland. — Dutch concert, a so-called concert in which all the singers sing at the same time different songs. [Slang] — Dutch courage, the courage of partial intoxication. [Slang] Marryat. — Dutch door, a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened, while the upper part remains open. — Dutch foil, Dutch leaf, or Dutch gold, a kind of brass rich in copper, rolled or beaten into thin sheets, used in Holland to ornament toys and paper; — called also Dutch mineral, Dutch metal, brass foil, and bronze leaf. — Dutch liquid (Chem.), a thin, colorless, volatile liquid, C2H4Cl2, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor, produced by the union of chlorine and ethylene or olefiant gas; — called also Dutch oil. It is so called because discovered (in 1795) by an association of four Hollandish chemists. See Ethylene, and Olefiant. — Dutch oven, a tin screen for baking before an open fire or kitchen range; also, in the United States, a shallow iron kettle for baking, with a cover to hold burning coals. — Dutch pink, chalk, or whiting dyed yellow, and used in distemper, and for paper staining. etc. Weale. — Dutch rush (Bot.), a species of horsetail rush or Equisetum (E. hyemale) having a rough, siliceous surface, and used for scouring and polishing; — called also scouring rush, and shave grass. See Equisetum. — Dutch tile, a glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly much exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys and the like.

Note: Dutch was formerly used for German. Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war [the Crusades] at this first voyage; and that other pilgrims, passing through that country, were mocked by the Dutch, and called fools for their pains. Fuller.

DUTCH Dutch, n.

1. pl.

Defn: The people of Holland; Dutchmen.

2. The language spoken in Holland.

DUTCHMAN Dutch"man, n.; pl. Dutchmen (.

Defn: A native, or one of the people, of Holland. Dutchman's breeches (Bot.), a perennial American herb (Dicentra cucullaria), with peculiar double-spurred flowers. See Illust. of Dicentra. — Dutchman's laudanum (Bot.), a West Indian passion flower (Passiflora Murucuja); also, its fruit. — Dutchman's pipe (Bot.), an American twining shrub (Aristolochia Sipho). Its flowers have their calyx tubes curved like a tobacco pipe.

DUTEOUS Du"te*ous, a. Etym: [From Duty.]

1. Fulfilling duty; dutiful; having the sentiments due to a superior, or to one to whom respect or service is owed; obedient; as, a duteous son or daughter.

2. Subservient; obsequious. Duteous to the vices of thy mistress. Shak. — Du"te*ous*ly, adv. — Du"te*ous*ness, n.

DUTIABLE Du"ti*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Duty.]

Defn: Subject to the payment of a duty; as dutiable goods. [U.S.] All kinds of dutiable merchandise. Hawthorne.

DUTIED Du"tied, a.

Defn: Subjected to a duty. Ames.

DUTIFUL Du"ti*ful, a.

1. Performing, or ready to perform, the duties required by one who has the right to claim submission, obedience, or deference; submissive to natural or legal superiors; obedient, as to parents or superiors; as, a dutiful son or daughter; a dutiful ward or servant; a dutiful subject.

2. Controlled by, proceeding from, a sense of duty; respectful; deferential; as, dutiful affection.

Syn. — Duteous; obedient; reverent; reverential; submissive; docile; respectful; compliant. — Du"ti*ful*ly, adv. — Du"ti*ful*ness, n.

DUTY Du"ty, n.; pl. Duties. Etym: [From Due.]

1. That which is due; payment. [Obs. as signifying a material thing.] When thou receivest money for thy labor or ware, thou receivest thy duty. Tyndale.

2. That which a person is bound by moral obligation to do, or refrain from doing; that which one ought to do; service morally obligatory. Forgetting his duty toward God, his sovereign lord, and his country. Hallam.

3. Hence, any assigned service or business; as, the duties of a policeman, or a soldier; to be on duty. With records sweet of duties done. Keble. To employ him on the hardest and most imperative duty. Hallam. Duty is a graver term than obligation. A duty hardly exists to do trivial things; but there may be an obligation to do them. C. J. Smith.

4. Specifically, obedience or submission due to parents and superiors. Shak.

5. Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage. "My duty to you." Shak.

6. (Engin.)

Defn: The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).

7. (Com.)

Defn: Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods.

Note: An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax. [U.S.] Ad valorem duty, a duty which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed. See Ad valorem. — Specific duty, a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article without reference to its value or market. — On duty, actually engaged in the performance of one's assigned task.

DUUMVIR Du*um"vir, n.; pl. E. Duumvirs, L. Duumviri. Etym: [L., fr. duo two + vir man.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of two Roman officers or magistrates united in the same public functions.

DUUMVIRAL Du*um"vi*ral, a. Etym: [L. duumviralis.]

Defn: Of or belonging to the duumviri or the duumvirate.

DUUMVIRATE Du*um"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. duumviratus, fr. duumvir.]

Defn: The union of two men in the same office; or the office, dignity, or government of two men thus associated, as in ancient Rome.

DUX Dux, n. Etym: [L., leader.] (Mus.)

Defn: The scholastic name for the theme or subject of a fugue, the answer being called the comes, or companion.

DUYKERBOK Duy"ker*bok, n. Etym: [D. duiker diver + bok a buck, lit., diver buck. So named from its habit of diving suddenly into the bush.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South African antelope (Cephalous mergens); — called also impoon, and deloo.

DUYOUNG Du*young", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dugong.

D VALVE D" valve`. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of slide valve. See Slide valve, under Slide.

DVERGR Dver"gr, n.; pl. Dvergar. Etym: [See Dwarf.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: A dwarf supposed to dwell in rocks and hills and to be skillful in working metals.

DWALE Dwale, n. Etym: [OE. dwale, dwole, deception, deadly nightshade, AS. dwala, dwola, error, doubt; akin to E. dull. See Dull, a.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The deadly nightshade (Atropa Belladonna), having stupefying qualities.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The tincture sable or black when blazoned according to the fantastic system in which plants are substituted for the tinctures.

3. A sleeping potion; an opiate. Chaucer.

DWANG Dwang, n. Etym: [Cf. D. dwingen to force, compel.]

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A piece of wood set between two studs, posts, etc., to stiffen and support them.

2. (Mech.) (a) A kind of crowbar. (b) A large wrench. Knight.

DWARF Dwarf, n.; pl Dwarfs. Etym: [OE. dwergh, dwerf, dwarf, AS. dweorg, dweorh; akin to D. dwerg, MHG. twerc, G. zwerg, Icel. dvergr, Sw. & Dan. dverg; of unknown origin.]

Defn: An animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of its species or kind; especially, a diminutive human being.

Note: During the Middle Ages dwarfs as well as fools shared the favor of courts and the nobility.

Note: Dwarf is used adjectively in reference to anything much below the usual or normal size; as, dwarf tree; dwarf honeysuckle. Dwarf elder (Bot.), danewort. — Dwarf wall (Arch.), a low wall, not as high as the story of a building, often used as a garden wall or fence. Gwilt.

DWARF Dwarf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dwarfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dwarfing.]

Defn: To hinder from growing to the natural size; to make or keep small; to stunt. Addison. Even the most common moral ideas and affections . . . would be stunted and dwarfed, if cut off from a spiritual background. J. C. Shairp.

DWARF Dwarf, v. i.

Defn: To become small; to diminish in size. Strange power of the world that, the moment we enter it, our great conceptions dwarf. Beaconsfield.

DWARFISH Dwarf"ish, a.

Defn: Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size; very small; petty; as, a dwarfish animal, shrub. — Dwarf"ish*ly, adv. — Dwarf"ish*ness, n.

DWARFLING Dwarf"ling, n.

Defn: A diminutive dwarf.

DWARFY Dwarf"y, a.

Defn: Much undersized. [R.] Waterhouse.

DWAUL; DWAULE Dwaul, Dwaule, v. i. Etym: [See Dull, Dwell.]

Defn: To be delirious. [Obs.] Junius.

DWELL Dwell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dwelled, usually contracted into Dwelt (p. pr. & vb. n. Dwelling.] Etym: [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dvæle to linger, and to E. dull. See Dull, and cf. Dwale.]

1. To delay; to linger. [Obs.]

2. To abide; to remain; to continue. I 'll rather dwell in my necessity. Shak. Thy soul was like a star and dwelt apart. Wordsworth.

3. To abide as a permanent resident, or for a time; to live in a place; to reside. The parish in which I was born, dwell, and have possessions. Peacham. The poor man dwells in a humble cottage near the hall where the lord of the domain resides. C. J. Smith. To dwell in, to abide in (a place); hence, to depend on. "My hopes in heaven to dwell." Shak. — To dwell on or upon, to continue long on or in; to remain absorbed with; to stick to; to make much of; as, to dwell upon a subject; a singer dwells on a note. They stand at a distance, dwelling on his looks and language, fixed in amazement. Buckminster.

Syn. — To inhabit; live; abide; sojourn; reside; continue; stay; rest.

DWELL Dwell, v. t.

Defn: To inhabit. [R.] Milton.

DWELLER Dwell"er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant; a resident; as, a cave dweller. "Dwellers at Jerusalem." Acts i. 19.

DWELLING Dwell"ing, n.

Defn: Habitation; place or house in which a person lives; abode; domicile. Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons. Jer. xlix. 33. God will deign To visit oft the dwellings of just men. Milton. Philip's dwelling fronted on the street. Tennyson. Dwelling house, a house intended to be occupied as a residence, in distinction from a store, office, or other building. — Dwelling place, place of residence.

DWELT Dwelt, imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Dwell.

DWINDLE Dwin"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dwindled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dwindling.] Etym: [From OE. dwinen to languish, waste away, AS. dwinan; akin to LG. dwinen, D. dwijnen to vanish, Icel. dvina to cease, dwindle, Sw. tvina; of uncertain origin. The suffix -le, preceded by d excrescent after n, is added to the root with a diminutive force.]

Defn: To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume away; to become degenerate; to fall away. Weary sennights nine times nine Shall he dwindle, peak and pine. Shak. Religious societies, though begun with excellent intentions, are said to have dwindled into factious clubs. Swift.

DWINDLE Dwin"dle, v. t.

1. To make less; to bring low. Our drooping days are dwindled down to naught. Thomson.

2. To break; to disperse. [R.] Clarendon.

DWINDLE Dwin"dle, n.

Defn: The process of dwindling; dwindlement; decline; degeneracy. [R.] Johnson.

DWINDLEMENT Dwin"dle*ment, n.

Defn: The act or process of dwindling; a dwindling. [R.] Mrs. Oliphant.

DWINE Dwine, v. i. Etym: [See Dwindle.]

Defn: To waste away; to pine; to languish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower.

DYAD Dy"ad, n. Etym: [L. dyas, dyadis, the number two. Gr. dyade. See two, and cf. Duad.]

1. Two units treated as one; a couple; a pair.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: An element, atom, or radical having a valence or combining power of two.

DYAD Dy"ad, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence or combining power of two; capable of being substituted for, combined with, or replaced by, two atoms of hydrogen; as, oxygen and calcium are dyad elements. See Valence.

DYADIC Dy*ad"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the number two; of two parts or elements. Dyadic arithmetic, the same as binary arithmetic.

DYAKS Dy"aks, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Dyak. (Ethnol.) The aboriginal and most numerous inhabitants of Borneo. They are partially civilized, but retain many barbarous practices.

DYAS Dy"as, n. Etym: [L. dyas the number two.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name applied in Germany to the Permian formation, there consisting of two principal groups.

DYE Dye, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Dyeing.] Etym: [OE. deyan, dyen, AS. deágian.]

Defn: To stain; to color; to give a new and permanent color to, as by the application of dyestuffs. Cloth to be dyed of divers colors. Trench. The soul is dyed by its thoughts. Lubbock. To dye in the grain, To dye in the wool (Fig.), to dye firmly; to imbue thoroughly. He might truly be termed a legitimate son of the revenue system dyed in the wool. Hawthorne.

Syn. — See Stain.

DYE Dye, n.

1. Color produced by dyeing.

2. Material used for dyeing; a dyestuff.

DYE Dye, n.

Defn: Same as Die, a lot. Spenser.

DYEHOUSE Dye"house`, n.

Defn: A building in which dyeing is carried on.

DYEING Dye"ing, n.

Defn: The process or art of fixing coloring matters permanently and uniformly in the fibers of wool, cotton, etc.

DYER Dy"er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the like. Dyer's broom, Dyer's rocket, Dyer's weed. See Dyer's broom, under Broom.

DYESTUFF Dye"stuff`, n.

Defn: A material used for dyeing.

DYEWOOD Dye"wood`, n.

Defn: Any wood from which coloring matter is extracted for dyeing.

DYING Dy"ing, a.

1. In the act of dying; destined to death; mortal; perishable; as, dying bodies.

2. Of or pertaining to dying or death; as, dying bed; dying day; dying words; also, simulating a dying state.

DYING Dy"ing, n.

Defn: The act of expiring; passage from life to death; loss of life.

DYINGLY Dy"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dying manner; as if at the point of death. Beau. & Fl.

DYINGNESS Dy"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state of dying or the stimulation of such a state; extreme languor; languishment. [R.] Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of dyingness; you see that picture, Foible, — a swimmingness in the eyes; yes, I'll look so. Congreve.

DYKE Dyke, n.

Defn: See Dike. The spelling dyke is restricted by some to the geological meaning.

DYNACTINOMETER Dy*nac`ti*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. actinometer.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the intensity of the photogenic (light-producing) rays, and computing the power of object glasses.

DYNAM Dy"nam, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dyname. See Dynamic.]

Defn: A unit of measure for dynamical effect or work; a foot pound. See Foot pound. Whewell.

DYNAMETER Dy*nam"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. dynamètre. Cf. Dynamometer.]

1. A dynamometer.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the magnifying power of telescopes, consisting usually of a doubleimage micrometer applied to the eye end of a telescope for measuring accurately the diameter of the image of the object glass there formed; which measurement, compared with the actual diameter of the glass, gives the magnifying power.

DYNAMETRICAL Dy`na*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a dynameter.

DYNAMIC; DYNAMICAL Dy*nam"ic, Dy*nam"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. durus hard, E. dure: cf. F. dynamique.]

1. Of or pertaining to dynamics; belonging to energy or power; characterized by energy or production of force. Science, as well as history, has its past to show, — a past indeed, much larger; but its immensity is dynamic, not divine. J. Martineau. The vowel is produced by phonetic, not by dynamic, causes. J. Peile.

2. Relating to physical forces, effects, or laws; as, dynamical geology. As natural science has become more dynamic, so has history. Prof. Shedd. Dynamical electricity. See under Electricity.

DYNAMICALLY Dy*nam"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In accordance with the principles of dynamics or moving forces. J. Peile.

DYNAMICS Dy*nam"ics, n.

1. That branch of mechanics which treats of the motion of bodies (kinematics) and the action of forces in producing or changing their motion (kinetics). Dynamics is held by some recent writers to include statics and not kinematics.

2. The moving moral, as well as physical, forces of any kind, or the laws which relate to them.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: That department of musical science which relates to, or treats of, the power of tones.

DYNAMISM Dy"na*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dynamisme. See Dynamics.]

Defn: The doctrine of Leibnitz, that all substance involves force.

DYNAMIST Dy"na*mist, n.

Defn: One who accounts for material phenomena by a theory of dynamics. Those who would resolve matter into centers of force may be said to constitute the school of dynamists. Ward (Dyn. Sociol. ).

DYNAMITARD Dy"na*mi`tard, n.

Defn: A political dynamiter.

Note: [A form found in some newspapers.]

DYNAMITE Dy"na*mite, n. Etym: [Gr. Dynamic.] (Chem.)

Defn: An explosive substance consisting of nitroglycerin absorbed by some inert, porous solid, as infusorial earth, sawdust, etc. It is safer than nitroglycerin, being less liable to explosion from moderate shocks, or from spontaneous decomposition.

DYNAMITER Dy"na*mi`ter, n.

Defn: One who uses dynamite; esp., one who uses it for the destruction of life and property.

DYNAMITING Dy"na*mi`ting, n.

Defn: Destroying by dynamite, for political ends. Dynamiting is not the American way. The Century.

DYNAMITISM Dy"na*mi`tism, n.

Defn: The work of dynamiters.

DYNAMIZATION Dy"na*mi*za`tion, Etym: [Gr. Dynamic.] (Homeop.)

Defn: The act of setting free the dynamic powers of a medicine, as by shaking the bottle containing it.

DYNAMO Dy"na*mo, n.

Defn: A dynamo-electric machine.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC Dy`na*mo-e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. electric. See Dynamic.]

Defn: Pertaining to the development of electricity, especially electrical currents, by power; producing electricity or electrical currents by mechanical power.

DYNAMOGRAPH Dy*nam"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph. See Dynamic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A dynamometer to which is attached a device for automatically registering muscular power.

DYNAMOMETER Dy`na*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. dynamomètre. See Dynameter.]

Defn: An apparatus for measuring force or power; especially, muscular effort of men or animals, or the power developed by a motor, or that required to operate machinery.

Note: It usually embodies a spring to be compressed or weight to be sustained by the force applied, combined with an index, or automatic recorder, to show the work performed.

DYNAMOMETRIC; DYNAMOMETRICAL Dy`na*mo*met"ric, Dy`na*mo*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Relating to a dynamometer, or to the measurement of force doing work; as, dynamometrical instruments.

DYNAMOMETRY Dy`na*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring forces doing work.

DYNAST Dy"nast, n. Etym: [L. dynastes, Gr. dynaste. See Dynamic.]

1. A ruler; a governor; a prince.

2. A dynasty; a government. [Obs.]

DYNASTA Dy*nas"ta, n. Etym: [NL. See Dynast.]

Defn: A tyrant. [Obs.] Milton.

DYNASTIC Dy*nas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. dunastique.]

Defn: Of or relating to a dynasty or line of kings. Motley.

DYNASTICAL Dy*nas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Dynastic.

DYNASTIDAN Dy*nas"ti*dan, n. Etym: [Gr. Dynast. The name alludes to the immense size of some species.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of gigantic, horned beetles, including Dynastus Neptunus, and the Hercules beetle (D. Hercules) of tropical America, which grow to be six inches in length.

DYNASTY Dy"nas*ty, n.; pl. Dynasties. Etym: [Gr. dynastie dynasty. See Dynast.]

1. Sovereignty; lordship; dominion. Johnson.

2. A race or succession of kings, of the same line or family; the continued lordship of a race of rulers.

DYNE Dyne, n. Etym: [Formed fr. Gr. Dynamic.] (Physics)

Defn: The unit of force, in the C. G. S. (Centimeter Gram Second) system of physical units; that is, the force which, acting on a gram for a second, generates a velocity of a centimeter per second.

DYS- Dys-.

Defn: An inseparable prefix, fr. the Greek ill, bad, hard, difficult, and the like; cf. the prefixes, Skr. dus-, Goth. tuz-, OHG. zur-, G. zer-, AS. to-, Icel. tor-, Ir. do-.

DYSAESTHESIA Dys`æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Impairment of any of the senses, esp. of touch.

DYSCRASIA Dys*cra"si*a, n. Etym: [NL. dyscrasia, fr. Gr. dycrasie.] (Med.)

Defn: An ill habit or state of the constitution; — formerly regarded as dependent on a morbid condition of the blood and humors.

DYSCRASITE Dys"cra*site, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of antimony and silver.

DYSCRASY Dys"cra*sy, n.; pl. Discrasies (.

Defn: Dycrasia. Sin is a cause of dycrasies and distempers. Jer. Taylor.

DYSENTERIC; DYSENTERICAL Dys`en*ter"ic, Dys`en*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. dysentericus, Gr. dysentérigue.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dysentery; having dysentery; as, a dysenteric patient. "Dysenteric symptoms." Copland.

DYSENTERY Dys"en*ter*y, n. Etym: [L. dysenteria, Gr. in: cf. F. dysenterie. See Dys, and In.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease attended with inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum, and characterized by griping pains, constant desire to evacuate the bowels, and the discharge of mucus and blood.

Note: When acute, dysentery is usually accompanied with high fevers. It occurs epidemically, and is believed to be communicable through the medium of the alvine discharges.

DYSGENESIC Dys`ge*nes"ic, a.

Defn: Not procreating or breeding freely; as, one race may be dysgenesic with respect to another. Darwin.

DYSGENESIS Dys*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: A condition of not generating or breeding freely; infertility; a form homogenesis in which the hybrids are sterile among themselves, but are fertile with members of either parent race.

DYSLOGISTIC Dys`lo*gis"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Unfavorable; not commendatory; — opposed to eulogistic. There is no course of conduct for which dyslogistic or eulogistic epithets may be found. J. F. Stephen. The paternity of dyslogistic — no bantling, but now almost a centenarian — is adjudged to that genius of common sense, Jeremy Bentham. Fitzed. Hall.

DYSLUITE Dys"lu*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the zinc spinel or gahnite.

DYSLYSIN Dys"ly*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A resinous substance formed in the decomposition of cholic acid of bile; — so called because it is difficult to solve.

DYSMENORRHEA Dys*men`or*rhe"a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficult and painful menstruation.

DYSNOMY Dys"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Bad legislation; the enactment of bad laws. Cockeram.

DYSODILE Dys"o*dile, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An impure earthy or coaly bitumen, which emits a highly fetid odor when burning.

DYSPEPSIA; DYSPEPSY Dys*pep"si*a, Dys*pep"sy,Etym: [L. dyspepsia, Gr. cook: cf. F. dyspepsie. See Dys-, and 3d Cook.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of indigestion; a state of the stomach in which its functions are disturbed, without the presence of other diseases, or, if others are present, they are of minor importance. Its symptoms are loss of appetite, nausea, heartburn, acrid or fetid eructations, a sense of weight or fullness in the stomach, etc. Dunglison.

DYSPEPTIC; DYSPEPTICAL Dys*pep"tic, Dys*pep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to dyspepsia; having dyspepsia; as, a dyspeptic or dyspeptical symptom.

DYSPEPTIC Dys*pep"tic, n.

Defn: A person afflicted with dyspepsia.

DYSPEPTONE Dys*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An insoluble albuminous body formed from casein and other proteid substances by the action of gastric juice. Meissner.

DYSPHAGIA; DYSPHAGY Dys*pha"gi*a, Dys"pha*gy, n. Etym: [NL. dysphagia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficulty in swallowing.

DYSPHONIA; DYSPHONY Dys*pho"ni*a, Dys"pho*ny, n. Etym: [NL. dysphonia, Gr. dysphonie.] (Med.)

Defn: A difficulty in producing vocal sounds; enfeebled or depraved voice.

DYSPHORIA Dys*pho"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. dysphorie.] (Med.)

Defn: Impatience under affliction; morbid restlessness; dissatisfaction; the fidgets.

DYSPNEA; DYSPNOEA Dysp*nea, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. dyspnée.] (Med.)

Defn: Difficulty of breathing.

DYSPNOIC Dysp*no"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with shortness of breath; relating to dyspn

DYSPROSIUM Dys*pro"si*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. dyspro`sitos hard to get at.] (Chem.)

Defn: An element of the rare earth-group. Symbol Dy; at. wt., 162.5.

DYSTELEOLOGY Dys*te`le*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pref. dys- + teleology.] (Biol.)

Defn: The doctrine of purposelessness; a term applied by Haeckel to that branch of physiology which treats of rudimentary organs, in view of their being useless to the life of the organism. To the doctrine of dysteleology, or the denial of final causes, a proof of the real existence of such a thing as instinct must necessarily be fatal. Word (Dynamic Sociology).

DYSTOCIA Dys*to"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Difficult delivery pr parturition.

DYSTOME Dys"tome, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Cleaving with difficulty.

Note: Datolite was called dystome spar by Mohs.

DYSURIA; DYSURY Dys*u"ri*a, Dys"u*ry, n. Etym: [L. dysuria, Gr. dysurie.] (Med.)

Defn: Difficult or painful discharge of urine.

DYSURIC Dys*u"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. dysurique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or afflicted with, dysury.

DZEREN; DZERON Dze"ren, Dze"ron, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Chinese yellow antelope (Procapra gutturosa), a remarkably swift-footed animal, inhabiting the deserts of Central Asia, Thibet, and China.

DZIGGETAI Dzig"ge*tai, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kiang, a wild horse or wild ass of Thibet (Asinus hemionus).

Note: The name is sometimes applied also to the koulan or onager. See Koulan.