N (continued 2)

NEAT Neat, a. Etym: [See neat, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Bos, or to cattle of that genus; as, neat cattle.

NEAT Neat, a. [Compar. Neater; superl. Neatest.] Etym: [OE. nett, F. nett, fr. L. nitidus, fr. nitere to shine. Cf. Nitid, Net, a., Natty.]

1. Free from that which soils, defiles, or disorders; clean; cleanly; tidy. If you were to see her, you would wonder what poor body it was that was so surprisingly neat and clean. Law.

2. Free from what is unbecoming, inappropriate, or tawdry; simple and becoming; pleasing with simplicity; tasteful; chaste; as, a neat style; a neat dress.

3. Free from admixture or adulteration; good of its kind; as, neat brandy. "Our old wine neat." Chapman.

4. Excellent in character, skill, or performance, etc.; nice; finished; adroit; as, a neat design; a neat thief.

5. With all deductions or allowances made; net.

Note: [In this sense usually written net. See Net, a., 3.] neat line (Civil Engin.), a line to which work is to be built or formed. — Neat work, work built or formed to neat lines.

Syn. — Nice; pure; cleanly; tidy; trim; spruce.

'NEATH 'Neath ( or , prep. & adv.

Defn: An abbreviation of Beneath. [Poetic]

NEATHERD Neat"herd`, n.

Defn: A person who has the care of neat cattle; a cowherd. Dryden.

NEATHOUSE Neat"house`, n.

Defn: A building for the shelter of neat cattle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Massinger.

NEATIFY Neat"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Neat, a. + -fy.]

Defn: To make neat. [Obs.] olland.

NEATLY Neat"ly, adv.

Defn: In a neat manner; tidily; tastefully.

NEATNESS neat"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being neat.

NEATRESS Neat"ress, n. Etym: [From neat cattle.]

Defn: A woman who takes care of cattle. [R.] Warner.

NEB Neb, n. Etym: [AS. nebb head, face; akin to D. neb, Icel. nef, beak of a bird, nose, Dan. næb beak, bill, Sw. näbb, näf, and prob. also to D. sneb, snavel, bill, beak, G. schnabel, Dan. & Sw. snabel, and E. snap. Cf. Nib, Snap, Snaffle.]

Defn: The nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as of a pen. [Also written nib.] Shak.

NEBALIA Ne*ba"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small marine Crustacea, considered the type of a distinct order (Nebaloidea, or Phyllocarida.)

NEB-NEB Neb"-neb`, n.

Defn: Same as Bablh.

NEBULA Neb"u*la, n.; pl. Nebulæ. Etym: [L., mist, cloud; akin to Gr. nebel mist, OHG. nebul, D. nevel, Skr. nabhas cloud, mist. Cf. Nebule.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A faint, cloudlike, self-luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebulæ are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope.

2. (Med.) (a) A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. [Obs.]

NEBULAR Neb"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to nebulæ; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula. Nebular hypothesis, an hypothesis to explain the process of formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter.

NEBULATED Neb"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Clouded with indistinct color markings, as an animal.

NEBULATION neb`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill- defined, color mark.

NEBULE Neb"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nébule. See nebula.]

Defn: A little cloud; a cloud. [Obs.] O light without nebule. Old Ballad.

NEBULE; NEBULY Né`bu`lé", Neb"u*ly, a. Etym: [F. nébulé.] (Her.)

Defn: Composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a cloud; — said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary may be bounded.

NEBULIZATION Neb`u*li*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The act or process of nebulizing; atomization.

NEBULIZE Neb"u*lize, v. t. Etym: [See Nebula.]

Defn: To reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize.

NEBULIZER Neb"u*li`zer, n.

Defn: An atomizer.

NEBULOSE Neb"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Nebulous; cloudy. Derham.

NEBULOSITY Neb`u*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. nebulositas: cf. F. nébulosité]

1. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; hazeness; mistiness; nebulousness. The nebulosity … of the mother idiom. I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.) (a) The stuff of which a nebula is formed. (b) A nebula.

NEBULOUS Neb"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. nebulosus: cf. F. nébuleux. See Nebula.]

1. Cloudy; hazy; misty.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula; nebular; cloudlike. — Neb"u*lous*ly, adv. — Neb"u*lous*ness, n.

NEBULY Neb"u*ly, n. (Her. & Arch.)

Defn: A line or a direction composed of successive short curves or waves supposed to resembe a cloud. See NÉbulÉ

NECESSARIAN Nec`es*sa"ri*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nécessarien. See Mecessary.]

Defn: An advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a nacessitarian.

NECESSARIAN Nec`es*sa"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to necessarianism.

NECESSARIANISM Nec`es*sa"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of philosophical necessity; necessitarianism. Hixley.

NECESSARILY Nec"es*sa*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a necessary manner; by necessity; unavoidably; indispensably.

NECESSARINESS Nec"es*sa*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being necessary.

NECESSARY Nec"es*sa*ry, a. Etym: [L. necessarius, from necesse unavoidable, necessary; of uncertain origin: cf. F. nécessaire.]

1. Such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided; inevitable. Death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come. Shak.

2. Impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable; requiste; essential. "'T is necessary he should die." Shak. A certain kind of temper is necessary to the pleasure and quiet of our minds. Tillotson.

3. Acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; — opposed to free; as, whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed.

NECESSARY Nec"es*sa*ry, n.; pl. Necessaries (.

1. A thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose; something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; — used chiefly in the plural; as, the necessaries of life.

2. A privy; a water-closet.

3. pl. (Law)

Defn: Such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married women, as are requisite for support suitable to station.

NECESSITARIAN Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; — opposed to libertarian.

NECESSITARIAN Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism.

NECESSITARIANISM Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; deteminism. M. Arnold.

NECESSITATE Ne*ces"si*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necessitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Necessitating.] Etym: [Cf. L. necessitatus, p.p. of necessitare, and F. nécessiter. See Necessity.]

1. To make necessary or indispensable; to render unaviolable. Sickness [might] necessitate his removal from the court. South. This fact necessitates a second line. J. Peile.

2. To reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel. The Marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was necessitated to draw all his army into York. Clarendon.

NECESSITATTION Ne*ces`si*tat"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nécessitation.]

Defn: The act of making necessary, or the state of being made necessary; compulsion. [R.] bp. Bramhall.

NECESSITIED Ne*ces"si*tied, a.

Defn: In a state of want; necessitous. [Obs.] Shak.

NECESSITOUS Ne*ces"si*tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nécessiteux.]

1. Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty. Necessitous heirs and penurious parents. Arbuthnot.

2. Narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; as, necessitous circumstances. — Ne*ces"si*tous*ly, adv. — Ne*ces"si*tous*ness, n.

NECESSITUDE Ne*ces"si*tude, n. Etym: [L. necessitudo, fr. necesse. See Necessray.]

1. Necessitousness; want. Sir M. Hale.

2. Necessary connection or relation. Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there is so great a necessitude, propriety, and intercourse of nature. Jer. Taylor.

NECESSITY Ne*ces"si*ty, n.; pl. Necessities. Etym: [OE. necessite, F. nécessité, L. necessitas, fr. necesse. See Necessary.]

1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness.

2. The condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need; indigence; want. Urge the necessity and state of times. Shak. The extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in. Clarendon.

3. That which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something indispensable; — often in the plural. These should be hours for necessities, Not for delights. Shak. What was once to me Mere matter of the fancy, now has grown The vast necessity of heart and life. Tennyson.

4. That which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate; fatality. So spake the fiend, and with necessity, The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds. Milton.

5. (Metaph.)

Defn: The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism. Of necessity, by necessary consequence; by compulsion, or irresistible power; perforce.

Syn. — See Need.

NECK Neck, n. Etym: [OE. necke, AS. hnecca; akin to D. nek the nape of the neck, G. nacken, OHG. nacch, hnacch, Icel. hnakki, Sw. nacke, Dan. nakke.]

1. The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.

2. Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal; as: (a) The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd. (b) A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. (c) (Mus.) That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a groove around it; as, a neck forming the journal of a shaft.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: the point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the root. Neck and crop, completely; wholly; altogether; roughly and at once. [Colloq.] — Neck and neck (Racing), so nearly equal that one cannot be said to be before the other; very close; even; side by side. — Neck of a capital. (Arch.) See Gorgerin. — Neck of a cascabel (Gun.), the part joining the knob to the base of the breech. — Neck of a gun, the small part of the piece between the chase and the swell of the muzzle. — Neck of a tooth (Anat.), the constriction between the root and the crown. — Neck or nothing (Fig.), at all risks. — Neck verse. (a) The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty-first Psalm, "Miserere mei," etc. Sir W. Scott. (b) Hence, a verse or saying, the utterance of which decides one's fate; a shibboleth. These words, "bread and cheese," were their neck verse or shibboleth to distinguish them; all pronouncing "broad and cause," being presently put to death. Fuller. — Neck yoke. (a) A bar by which the end of the tongue of a wagon or carriage is suspended from the collars of the harnesses. (b) A device with projecting arms for carrying things (as buckets of water or sap) suspended from one's shoulders. — On the neck of, immediately after; following closely. "Commiting one sin on the neck of another." W. Perkins. — Stiff neck, obstinacy in evil or wrong; inflexible obstinacy; contumacy. "I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck." Deut. xxxi. 27. — To break the neck of, to destroy the main force of. "What they presume to borrow from her sage and virtuous rules… breaks the neck of their own cause." Milton. — To harden the neck, to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious. Neh. ix. 17. — To tread on the neck of, to oppress; to tyrannize over.

NECK Neck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necked; p. pr. & vb. n. Necking.] (Mech.)

Defn: To reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a groove around it; — used with down; as, to neck down a shaft. v. t. & i. To kiss and caress amorously. n. necking

NECKAR NUT Neck"ar nut`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Nicker nut.

NECKBAND Neck"band`, n.

Defn: A band which goes around the neck; often, the part at the top of a garment.

NECKCLOTH Neck"cloth`, n.

Defn: A piece of any fabric worn around the neck.

NECKED Necked, a.

1. Having (such) a neck; — chiefly used in composition; as, stiff- necked.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Cracked; — said of a treenail.

NECKERCHIEF Neck"er*chief, n. Etym: [For neck kerchief.]

Defn: A kerchief for the neck; — called also neck handkerchief.

NECKING Neck"ing, n.

Defn: Same as Neckmold.

NECKLACE Neck"lace (; 48), n.

1. A string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn around the neck as an ornament.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging blocks for jibs and stays.

NECKLACED neck"laced, a.

Defn: Wearing a necklace; marked as with a necklace. The hooded and the necklaced snake. Sir W. Jones.

NECKLAND neck"land, n.

Defn: A neck of land. [Obs.]

NECKLET neck"let, n.

Defn: A necklace. E. Anold.

NECKMOLD; NECKMOULD Neck"mold`, Neck"mould`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A small convex molding surrounding a column at the jinction of the shaft and capital. Weale.

NECKPLATE Neck"plate`, n.

Defn: See Gorget, 1 and 2.

NECKTIE Neck"tie`, n.

Defn: A scarf, band, or kerchief of silk, etc., passing around the neck or collar and tied in front; a bow of silk, etc., fastened in front of the neck.

NECKWEAR Neck"wear`, n.

Defn: A collective term for cravats, collars, etc. [Colloq. or trade name]

NECKWEED Neck"weed`, n. (Bot.) (a) An American annual weed (veronica peregrina), with small white flowers and a roundish pod. (b) The hemp; — so called as furnishing ropes for hanging criminals. Dr. prior.

NECROBIOSIS Nec`ro*bi*o"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol. & Med.)

Defn: The death of a part by molecular disintegration and without loss of continuity, as in the processes of degeneration and atrophy. Virchow.

NECROBIOTIC Nec`ro*bi*ot"ic, a. (Biol. & Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to necrobiosis; as, a necrobiotic metamorphosis.

NECROLATRY Ne*crol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of the dead; manes worship. H. Spenser.

NECROLITE Nec"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Necronite.

NECROLOGIC; NECROLOGICAL Nec`ro*log"ic, Nec`ro*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. nécrologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to necrology; of the nature of necrology; relating to, or giving, an account of the dead, or of deaths.

NECROLOGIST Ne*crol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who gives an account of deaths.

NECROLOGY Ne*crol"o*gy, n.; pl. Necrologies. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. nécrologie. See Necromancy.]

Defn: An account of deaths, or of the dead; a register of deaths; a collection of obituary notices.

NECROMANCER Nec"ro*man`cer, n.

Defn: One who practices necromancy; a sorcerer; a wizard.

NECROMANCY Nec"ro*man`cy, n. Etym: [OE. nigromaunce, nigromancie, OF. nigromance, F. nécromance, nécromancie, from L. necromantia, Gr. necare to kill, Skr. na() to perish, vanish) + mania. See Mania, and cf. Internecine, Noxious. The old spelling is due to confusion with L. niger black. Hence the name black art.]

Defn: The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general; conjuration; enchantment. See Black art. This palace standeth in the air, By necromancy placèd there. Drayton.

NECROMANTIC Nec`ro*man"tic, n.

Defn: Conjuration. [R.] With all the necromantics of their art. Young.

NECROMANTIC; NECROMANTICAL Nec`ro*man"tic, Nec`ro*man"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy. — Nec`ro*man"tic*al*ly, adv.

NECRONITE Nec"ro*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Fetid feldspar, a mineral which, when struck, exhales a fetid odor.

NECROPHAGAN Ne*croph"a*gan, a. Etym: [See Necrophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating carrion. — n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of a tribe (Necrophaga) of beetles which, in the larval state, feed on carrion; a burying beetle.

NECROPHAGOUS Ne*croph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. nécrophage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Necrophaga; eating carrion. See Necrophagan.

NECROPHOBIA Nec`ro*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: An exaggerated fear of death or horror of dead bodies.

NECROPHORE Nec"ro*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of beetles of the genus Necrophorus and allied genera; — called also burying beetle, carrion beetle, sexton beetle.

NECROPOLIS Ne*crop"o*lis, n.; pl. Necropolises. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A city of the dead; a name given by the ancients to their cemeteries, and sometimes applied to modern burial places; a graveyard.

NECROPSY Nec"rop*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. nécropsie.] (Med.)

Defn: A post-mortem examination or inspection; an autopsy. See Autopsy.

NECROSCOPIC; NECROSCOPICAL Nec`ro*scop"ic, Nec`ro*scop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: Or or relating to post-mortem examinations.

NECROSE Ne*crose", v. t. & i. (Med.)

Defn: To affect with necrosis; to unergo necrosis. Quain.

NECROSED Ne*crosed", a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected by necrosis; dead; as, a necrosed bone. Dunglison.

NECROSIS Ne*cro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr.

1. (med.)

Defn: Mortification or gangrene of bone, or the death of a bone or portion of a bone in mass, as opposed to its death by molecular disintegration. See Caries.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease of trees, in which the branches gradually dry up from the bark to the center.

NECROTIC Ne*crot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with necrosis; as, necrotic tissue; characterized by, or producing, necrosis; as, a necrotic process.

NECROTOMY Nec*rot"o*my, n. [Gr. dead person + to cut.] (Med.)

Defn: The dissection of dead bodies; also, excision of necrosed bone. —Nec`ro*tom"ic (#), a. —Nec*rot"o*mist (#), n.

NECTAR Nec"tar, n. Etym: [L., fr. gr.

1. (Myth. & Poetic)

Defn: The drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any delicious or inspiring beverage.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey.

NECTAREAL Nec*ta"re*al, a.

1. Nectareous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a nectary.

NECTAREAN Nec*ta"re*an, a. Etym: [L. nectareus: cf. F. nectaréen.]

Defn: Resembling nectar; very sweet and pleasant. "nectarean juice." Talfourd.

NECTARED Nec"tared, a.

Defn: Imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar. Milton.

NECTAREOUS Nec*ta"re"ous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar; delicious; nectarean. Pope. — Nec*ta"re*ous*ly, adv. — Nec*ta"re*ous*ness, n.

NECTARIAL Nec*ta"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nectary of a plant.

NECTARIED Nec"ta*ried, a.

Defn: Having a nectary.

NECTARIFEROUS Nec`tar*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. nectar nectar + -ferous: cf. F. nectarifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: Secreting nectar; — said of blossoms or their parts.

NECTARINE Nec"tar*ine, a.

Defn: Nectareous. [R.] Milton.

NECTARINE Nec"tar*ine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. nectarine. See Nectar.] (Bot.)

Defn: A smooth-skinned variety of peach. Spanish nectarine, the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; — also called cocoa plum. it is made into a sweet conserve which a largely exported from Cuba.

NECTARIZE Nec"tar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nectarized; p. pr. & vb. n. Nectarizing.]

Defn: To mingle or infuse with nectar; to sweeten. [Obs.] Cockeram.

NECTAROUS Nec"tar*ous, a.

Defn: Nectareous. Milton.

NECTARY Nec"ta*ry, n.; pl. Nectaries. Etym: [From Nectar: cf. F. nectaire.] (Bot.)

Defn: That part of a blossom which secretes nectar, usually the base of the corolla or petals; also, the spur of such flowers as the larkspur and columbine, whether nectariferous or not. See the Illustration of Nasturtium.

NECTOCALYX Nec`to*ca"lyx, n.; pl. Nectocalyces. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Zoöl.) (a) The swimming bell or umbrella of a jellyfish of medusa. (b) One of the zooids of certain Siphonophora, having somewhat the form, and the essential structure, of the bell of a jellyfish, and acting as a swimming organ.

NECTOSAC; NECTOSACK Nec"to*sac, Nec"to*sack, n. Etym: [Gr. sac, sack.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cavity of a nectocalyx.

NECTOSTEM Nec"to*stem, n. Etym: [Gr. stem.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That portion of the axis which bears the nectocalyces in the Siphonophora.

NEDDER Ned"der, n. Etym: [See Adder.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An adder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

NEDDY Ned"dy, n.; pl. Neddies (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A pet name for a donkey.

NEE Nee, p. p., fem. Etym: [F., fr. L. nata, fem. of natus, p.p. of nasci to be born. See Nation.]

Defn: Born; — a term sometimes used in introducing the name of the family to which a married woman belongs by birth; as, Madame de Staël, née Necker.

NEED Need, n. Etym: [OE. need, neod, nede, AS. neád, nyd; akin to D. nood, G. not, noth, Icel. nauedhr, Sw. & Dan. nöd, Goth. naups.]

1. A state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for something; necessity; urgent want. And the city had no need of the sun. Rev. xxi. 23. I have no need to beg. Shak. Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy. Jer. Taylor.

2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution. Chaucer. Famine is in thy cheeks; Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes. Shak.

3. That which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (pl.) necessary things; business. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. Situation of need; peril; danger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn. — Exigency; emergency; strait; extremity; necessity; distress; destitution; poverty; indigence; want; penury. — Need, Necessity. Necessity is stronger than need; it places us under positive compulsion. We are frequently under the necessity of going without that of which we stand very greatly in need. It is also with the corresponding adjectives; necessitous circumstances imply the direct pressure of suffering; needy circumstances, the want of aid or relief.

NEED Need, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Needed; p. pr. & vb. n. Needing.] Etym: [See Need, n. Cf. AS. n to force, Goth. nau.]

Defn: To be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to require, as supply or relief. Other creatures all day long Rove idle, unemployed, and less need rest. Milton.

Note: With another verb, need is used like an auxiliary, generally in a negative sentence expressing requirement or obligation, and in this use it undergoes no change of termination in the third person singular of the present tense. "And the lender need not fear he shall be injured." Anacharsis (Trans. ).

NEED Need, v. i.

Defn: To be wanted; to be necessary. Chaucer. When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that needs. Locke.

NEED Need, adv.

Defn: Of necessity. See Needs. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEEDER Need"er, n.

Defn: One who needs anything. Shak.

NEEDFUL Need"ful, a.

1. Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing. [Archaic] Chaucer. The needful time of trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Necessary for supply or relief; requisite. All things needful for defense abound. Dryden. — Need"ful*ly, adv. — Need"ful*ness, n.

NEEDILY Need"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Needy.]

Defn: In a needy condition or manner; necessarily. Chaucer.

NEEDINESS Need"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being needy; want; poverty; indigence.

NEEDLE Nee"dle, n. Etym: [OE. nedle, AS. n; akin to D. neald, OS. nadla, G. nadel, OHG. nadal, nadala, Icel. nal, Sw. nål, Dan. naal, and also to G. nähen to sew, OHG. najan, L. nere to spin, Gr. snare: cf. Gael. & Ir. snathad needle, Gael. snath thread, G. schnur string, cord.]

1. A small instrument of steel, sharply pointed at one end, with an eye to receive a thread, — used in sewing. Chaucer.

Note: In some needles(as for sewing machines) the eye is at the pointed end, but in ordinary needles it is at the blunt end.

2. See Magnetic needle, under Magnetic.

3. A slender rod or wire used in knitting; a knitting needle; also, a hooked instrument which carries the thread or twine, and by means of which knots or loops are formed in the process of netting, knitting, or crocheting.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the needle-shaped secondary leaves of pine trees. See Pinus.

5. Any slender, pointed object, like a needle, as a pointed crystal, a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc. Dipping needle. See under Dipping. — Needle bar, the reciprocating bar to which the needle of a sewing machine is attached. — Needle beam (Arch.), to shoring, the horizontal cross timber which goes through the wall or a pier, and upon which the weight of the wall rests, when a building is shored up to allow of alterations in the lower part. — Needle furze (Bot.), a prickly leguminous plant of Western Europe; the petty whin (Genista Anglica). — Needle gun, a firearm loaded at the breech with a cartridge carrying its own fulminate, which is exploded by driving a slender needle, or pin, into it. — Needle loom (Weaving), a loom in which the weft thread is carried through the shed by a long eye-pointed needle instead of by a shuttle. — Needle ore (Min.), acicular bismuth; a sulphide of bismuth, lead, and copper occuring in acicular crystals; — called also aikinite. — Needle shell (Zoöl.), a sea urchin. — Needle spar (Min.), aragonite. — Needle telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are given by the deflections of a magnetic needle to the right or to the left of a certain position. — Sea needle (Zoöl.), the garfish.

NEEDLE Nee"dle, v. t.

Defn: To form in the shape of a needle; as, to needle crystals.

NEEDLE Nee"dle, v. i.

Defn: To form needles; to crystallize in the form of needles.

NEEDLEBOOK Nee"dle*book`, n.

Defn: A book-shaped needlecase, having leaves of cloth into which the needles are stuck.

NEEDLECASE Nee"dle*case`, n.

Defn: A case to keep needles.

NEEDLEFISH Nee"dle*fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The European great pipefich (Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, acus); — called also earl, and tanglefish. (b) The garfish.

NEEDLEFUL nee"dle*ful, n.; pl. needlefuls (.

Defn: As much thread as is used in a needle at one time.

NEEDLE-POINTED Nee"dle-pointed`, a.

Defn: Pointed as needles.

NEEDLER Nee"dler, n.

Defn: One who makes or uses needles; also, a dealer in needles. Piers Plowman.

NEEDLESS Nee"dless, a.

1. Having no need. [Obs.] Weeping into the needless stream. Shak.

2. Not wanted; unnecessary; not requiste; as, needless labor; needless expenses.

3. Without sufficient cause; groundless; cuseless. "Needless jealousy." Shak. — Need"less*ly, adv. — Need"less*ness, n.

NEEDLESTONE Nee"dle*stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Natrolite; — called also needle zeolite.

NEEDLEWOMAN Nee"dle*wom`an, n.; pl. Needlewomen (.

Defn: A woman who does needlework; a seamstress.

NEEDLEWORK Nee"dle*work`, n.

1. Work executed with a needle; sewed work; sewing; embroidery; also, the business of a seamstress.

2. The combination of timber and plaster making the outside framework of some houses.

NEEDLY Nee"dly, a.

Defn: Like a needle or needles; as, a needly horn; a needly beard. R. D. Blackmore.

NEEDLY Need"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. n. See Need.]

Defn: Necessarily; of necessity. [Obs.] hak.

NEEDMENT Need"ment, n.

Defn: Something needed or wanted. pl.

Defn: Outfit; necessary luggage. [Archaic] Spenser. Carrying each his needments. Wordsworth.

NEEDS Needs, adv. Etym: [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]

Defn: Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; — often with must, and equivalent to of need. A man must needs love mauger his head. Chaucer. And he must needs go through Samaria. John iv. 4. He would needs know the cause of his reulse. Sir J. Davies.

NEEDSCOST Needs"cost`, adv.

Defn: Of necessity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEEDSLY Needs"ly, adv.

Defn: Of necessity. [Obs.] Drayton.

NEEDY Need"y, a. [Compar. Needer; superl. Neediest.]

1. Distressed by want of the means of living; very por; indigent; necessitous. Thou shalt open thy hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy in thy land. Deut. xv. 11. Spare the bluches of needly merit. Dr. T. Dwight.

2. Necessary; requiste. [Obs.] Corn to make your needy bread. Shak.

NEELD; NEELE Neeld, Neele, n. Etym: [See Needle.]

Defn: A needle. [Obs.] Shak.

NEELGHAU Neel"ghau, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Nylghau.

NEEM TREE Neem" tree`. Etym: [Hind. nim.] (Bot.)

Defn: An Asiatic name for Melia Azadirachta, and M. Azedarach. See Margosa.

NEER Neer, adv. & a.

Defn: Nearer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NE'ER Ne'er ( or ), adv.

Defn: a contraction of Never.

NE'ER-DO-WELL Ne'er"-do-well`, n.

Defn: A person who never does, or fares, well; a good for nothing.

The idle and dissolute ne'er-do-wells of their communities. Harper's Mag.

NEESE Neese, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neesed; p. pr. & vb. n. Neesing.] Etym: [OE. nesen; akin to D. niezen, G. niesen, Icel. hnjosa.]

Defn: To sneeze. [Obs.] [Written also neeze.]

NEESING Nees"ing, n.

Defn: Sneezing. [Obs.] "By his neesings a light doth shine." Job xli. 18.

NE EXEAT Ne` ex"e*at. Etym: [L. ne exeat regno let him not go out of the kingdom.] (Law)

Defn: A writ to restrain a person from leaving the country, or the jurisdiction of the court. The writ was originally applicable to purposes of state, but is now an ordinary process of courts of equity, resorted to for the purpose of obtaining bail, or security to abide a decree. Kent.

NEF Nef (; F. , n. Etym: [F. See Nave.]

Defn: The nave of a church. Addison.

NEFAND; NEFANDOUS Ne"fand, Ne*fan"dous, a. Etym: [L. nefandus not to be spoken; ne not + fari to speak.]

Defn: Unfit to speak of; unmentionable; impious; execrable. [Obs.] "Nefand adominations." Sheldon. "Nefandous high treason." Cotton Mather.

NEFARIOUS Ne*fa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. nefarius, fr. nefas crime, wrong; ne not + fas divine law; akin to fari to speak. See No, adv., and Fate.]

Defn: Wicked in the extreme; abominable; iniquitous; atrociously villainous; execrable; detestably vile.

Syn. — Iniquitous; detestable; horrible; heinious; atrocious; infamous; impious. See Iniquitous. — Ne*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv. — Ne*fa"ri*ous*ness, n.

NEFASCH Ne"fasch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the genus Distichodus. Several large species inhabit the Nile.

NEFAST Ne"fast, a. Etym: [L. nefastus.]

Defn: Wicked. [R.]

NEGATION Ne*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. negatio, fr. negare to say no, to deny; ne not + the root of aio I say; cf. Gr. ah to say; cf. F. négation. See No, adv., and cf. Adage, Deny, Renegade.]

1. The act of denying; assertion of the nonreality or untruthfulness of anything; declaration that something is not, or has not been, or will not be; denial; — the opposite of Ant: affirmation. Our assertions and negations should be yea and nay. Rogers.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Description or definition by denial, exclusion, or exception; statement of what a thing is not, or has not, from which may be inferred what it is or has.

NEGATIVE Neg"a*tive, a. Etym: [F. négatif, L. negativus, fr. negare to deny. See Negation.]

1. Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; — opposed to Ant: affirmative. If thou wilt confess, Or else be impudently negative. Shak. Denying me any power of a negative voice. Eikon Basilike. Something between an affirmative bow and a negative shake. Dickens.

2. Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a negative argument; a negative morality; negative criticism. There in another way of denying Christ, … which is negative, when we do not acknowledge and confess him. South.

3. (Logic)

Defn: Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; as, a negative proposition.

4. (Photog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a picture upon glass or other material, in which the lights and shades of the original, and the relations of right and left, are reversed.

5. (Chem.)

Defn: Metalloidal; nonmetallic; — contracted with positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative.

Note: This word, derived from electro-negative, is now commonly used in a more general sense, when acidiferous is the intended signification. Negative crystal. (a) A cavity in a mineral mass, having the form of a crystal. (b) A crystal which has the power of negative double refraction. See refraction. — negative electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity which is developed upon resin or ebonite when rubbed, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery which is connected with the plate most attacked by the exciting liquid; — formerly called resinous electricity. Opposed to Ant: positive electricity. Formerly, according to Franklin's theory of a single electric fluid, negative electricity was supposed to be electricity in a degree below saturation, or the natural amount for a given body. see Electricity. — Negative eyepiece. (Opt.) see under Eyepiece. — Negative quantity (Alg.), a quantity preceded by the negative sign, or which stands in the relation indicated by this sign to some other quantity. See Negative sign (below). — Negative rotation, right-handed rotation. See Right-handed, 3. — Negative sign, the sign -, or minus (opposed in signification to +, or Ant: plus), indicating that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted from the preceding quantity, or is to be reckoned from zero or cipher in the opposite direction to that of quanties having the sign plus either expressed or understood; thus, in a - b, b is to be substracted from a, or regarded as opposite to it in value; and -10° on a thermometer means 10° below the zero of the scale.

NEGATIVE Neg"a*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. négative.]

1. A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception. This is a known rule in divinity, that there is no command that runs in negatives but couches under it a positive duty. South.

2. A word used in denial or refusal; as, not, no.

Note: In Old England two or more negatives were often joined together for the sake of emphasis, whereas now such expressions are considered ungrammatical, being chiefly heard in iliterate speech. A double negative is now sometimes used as nearly or quite equivalent to an affirmative. No wine ne drank she, neither white nor red. Chaucer. These eyes that never did nor never shall So much as frown on you. Shak.

3. The refusal or withholding of assents; veto. If a kind without his kingdom be, in a civil sense, nothing, then … his negative is as good as nothing. Milton.

4. That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial or opposition; as, the question was decided in the negative.

5. (Photog.)

Defn: A picture upon glass or other material, in which the light portions of the original are represented in some opaque material (usually reduced silver), and the dark portions by the uncovered and transparent or semitransparent ground of the picture.

Note: A negative is chiefly used for producing photographs by means of the sun's light passing through it and acting upon sensitized paper, thus producing on the paper a positive picture.

6. (Elect.)

Defn: The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell. Negative pregnant (Law), a negation which implies an affirmation.

NEGATIVE Neg"a*tive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negatived; p. pr. & vb. n. Negativing.]

1. To prove unreal or intrue; to disprove. The omission or infrequency of such recitals does not negative the existence of miracles. Paley.

2. To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; as, the Senate negatived the bill.

3. To neutralize the force of; to counteract.

NEGATIVELY Neg"a*tive*ly, adv.

1. In a negative manner; with or by denial. "He answered negatively." Boyle.

2. In the form of speech implying the absence of something; — opposed to positively. negatively, by showing wherein it does not consist, and positively, by showing wherein it does consist. South. Negatively charged or electrified (Elec.), having a charge of the kind of electricity called negative.

NEGATIVENESS; NEGATIVITY Neg"a*tive*ness, Neg`a*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being negative.

NEGATORY Neg"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. negatorius: cf. F. négatorie.]

Defn: Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative. Carlyle.

NEGINOTH Neg"i*noth, n. pl. Etym: [Heb. nêginoth.] (Script.)

Defn: Stringed instruments. Dr. W. Smith. To the chief musician on Neginoth. Ps. iv. 9heading).

NEGLECT Neg*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neglected; p. pr. & vb. n. Neglecting.] Etym: [L. neglectus, p.p. of neglegere (negligere) to disregard, neglect, the literal sense prob. neing, not to pick up; nec not, nor (fr. ne not + -que, a particle akin to Goth. -h, -uh, and prob. to E. who; cf. Goth. nih nor) + L. legere to pick up, gather. See No, adv., Legend, Who.]

1. Not to attend to with due care or attention; to forbear one's duty in regard to; to suffer to pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit; to disregard; to slight; as, to neglect duty or business; to neglect to pay debts. I hope My absence doth neglect no great designs. Shak. This, my long suffering and my day of grace, Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste. Milton.

2. To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight; as, to neglect strangers.

Syn. — To slight; overlook; disregard; disesteem; contemn. See Slight.

NEGLECT Neg*lect", n. Etym: [L. neglectus. See Neglect, v.]

1. Omission of proper attention; avoidance or disregard of duty, from heedlessness, indifference, or willfulness; failure to do, use, or heed anything; culpable disregard; as, neglect of business, of health, of economy. To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame, Or our neglect, we lost her as we came. Milton.

2. Omission if attention or civilities; slight; as, neglect of strangers.

3. Habitual carelessness; negligence. Age breeds neglect in all. Denham.

4. The state of being disregarded, slighted, or neglected. Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect. Prior.

Syn. — Negligence; inattention; disregard; disesteem; remissness; indifference. See Negligence.

NEGLECTEDNESS Neg*lect"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being neglected.

NEGLECTER Neg*lect"er, n.

Defn: One who neglects. South.

NEGLECTFUL Neg*lect"ful, a.

Defn: Full of neglect; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive; indifferent. Pope. A cold and neglectful countenance. Locke. Though the Romans had no great genius for trade, yet they were not entirely neglectful of it. Arbuthnot. — Neg*lect"ful*ly, adv. — Neg*lect"ful*ness, n.

NEGLECTINGLY Neg*lect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Carelessly; heedlessly. Shak.

NEGLECTION Neg*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. neglectio.]

Defn: The state of being negligent; negligence. [Obs.] Shak.

NEGLECTIVE Neg*lect"ive, a.

Defn: Neglectful. [R.] "Neglective of their own children." Fuller.

NEGLIGEE Neg`li*gee", n. Etym: [F. négligé, fr. négliger to neglect, L. negligere. See Neglect.]

Defn: An easy, unceremonious attire; undress; also, a kind of easy robe or dressing gown worn by women.

NEGLIGENCE Neg"li*gence, n. Etym: [F. négligence, L. negligentia.]

Defn: The quality or state of being negligent; lack of due diligence or care; omission of duty; habitual neglect; heedlessness.

2. An act or instance of negligence or carelessness. remarking his beauties, … I must also point out his negligences and defects. Blair.

3. (Law)

Defn: The omission of the care usual under the circumstances, being convertible with the Roman culpa. A specialist is bound to higher skill and diligence in his specialty than one who is not a specialist, and liability for negligence varies acordingly. Contributory negligence. See under Contributory.

Syn. — Neglect; inattention; heedlessness; disregard; slight. — Negligence, Neglect. These two words are freely interchanged in our older writers; but a distinction has gradually sprung up between them. As now generally used, negligence is the habit, and neglect the act, of leaving things undone or unattended to. We are negligent as a general trait of character; we are guilty of neglect in particular cases, or in reference to individuals who had a right to our attentions.

NEGLIGENT Neg"li*gent, a. Etym: [F. négligent, L. negligens,p.pr. of negligere. See Neglect.]

Defn: Apt to neglect; customarily neglectful; characterized by negligence; careless; heedless; culpably careless; showing lack of attention; as, disposed in negligent order. "Be thou negligent of fame." Swift. He that thinks he can afford to be negligent is not far from being poor. Rambler.

Syn. — Careles; heedless; neglectful; regardless; thoughtless; indifferent; inattentive; remiss.

NEGLIGENTLY Neg"li*gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a negligent manner.

NEGLIGIBLE Neg"li*gi*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. négligible, négligeable.]

Defn: That may neglicted, disregarded, or left out of consideration. Within very negligible limits of error. Sir J. Herschel.

NEGOCE Ne*goce", n. Etym: [F. négoce. See Negotiate.]

Defn: Business; occupation. [Obs.] Bentley.

NEGOTIABILITY Ne*go`ti*a*bil"i*ty ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. négociabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsement.

NEGOTIABLE Ne*go"ti*a*ble ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. négotiable. See Negotiate.]

Defn: Capable of being negotiated; transferable by assigment or indorsement to another person; as, a negotiable note or bill of exchange. Negotiable paper, any commercial paper transferable by sale or delivery and indorsement, as bills of exchange, drafts, checks, and promissory notes.

NEGOTIANT Ne*go"ti*ant, n. Etym: [L. negotians, prop. p.pr. of negotiari: cf. F. négociant.]

Defn: A negotiator. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

NEGOTIATE Ne*go"ti*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. negotiatus, p.p. of negotiari, fr. negotium business; nec not + otium leisure. Cf. Neglect.]

1. To transact business; to carry on trade. [Obs.] Hammond.

2. To treat with another respecting purchase and sale or some business affair; to bargain or trade; as, to negotiate with a man for the purchase of goods or a farm.

3. To hold intercourse respecting a treaty, league, or convention; to treat with, respecting peace or commerce; to conduct communications or conferences. He that negotiates between God and man Is God's ambassador. Cowper.

4. To intrigue; to scheme. [Obs.] Bacon.

NEGOTIATE Ne*go"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negotiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Negotiating.]

1. To carry on negotiations concerning; to procure or arrange for by negotiation; as, to negotiate peace, or an exchange. Constantinople had negotiated in the isles of the Archipelago … the most indispensable supplies. Gibbon.

2. To transfer for a valuable consideration under rules of commercial law; to sell; to pass. The notes were not negotiated to them in the usual course of business or trade. Kent.

NEGOTIATION Ne*go`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. negotiatio: cf. F. négociation.]

1. The act or process of negotiating; a treating with another respecting sale or purchase. etc.

2. Hence, mercantile business; trading. [Obs.] Who had lost, with these prizes, forty thousand pounds, after twenty years' negotiation in the East Indies. Evelyn.

3. The transaction of business between nations; the mutual intercourse of governments by diplomatic agents, in making treaties, composing difference, etc.; as, the negotiations at Ghent. An important negotiation with foreign powers. Macaulay.

NEGOTIATOR Ne*go"ti*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. négociateur.]

Defn: One who negotiates; a person who treats with others, either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public compacts.

NEGOTIATORY Ne*go"ti*a*to*ry ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to negotiation.

NEGOTIATRIX Ne*go`ti*a"trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A woman who negotiates. Miss Edgeworth.

NEGOTIOSITY Ne*go`ti*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. negotiositas.]

Defn: The state of being busy; multitude of business. [Obs.]

NEGOTIOUS Ne*go"tious, a. Etym: [L. negotiosus.]

Defn: Very busy; attentive to business; active. [R.] D. Rogers.

NEGOTIOUSNESS Ne*go"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being busily occupied; activity. [R.] D. Rogers.

NEGRESS Ne"gress, n.; pl. Negresses (. Etym: [Cf. F. négrese, fem. of négre a negro. See Negro.]

Defn: A black woman; a female negro.

NEGRITA Ne*gri"ta, n. Etym: [Sp., blackish, fem. of negrito, dim. of negro black.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A blackish fish (Hypoplectrus nigricans), of the Sea-bass family. It is a native of the West Indies and Florida.

NEGRITIC Ne*grit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to negroes; composed of negroes. Keary.

NEGRITOS Ne*gri"tos, n. pl.; sing Negrito (. Etym: [Sp., dim. of negro black.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A degraded Papuan race, inhabiting Luzon and some of the other east Indian Islands. They resemble negroes, but are smaller in size. They are mostly nomads.

NEGRO Ne"gro, n.; pl. Negroes (. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. negro, fr. negro black, L. niger; perh. akin to E. night.]

Defn: A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood, wherever found.

NEGRO Ne"gro, a.

Defn: of or pertaining to negroes; black. Negro bug (Zoöl.), a minute black bug common on the raspberry and blackberry. It produced a very disagreeable flavor. — negro corn, the Indian millet or durra; — so called in the West Indies. see Durra. McElrath. — Negro fly (Zoöl.), a black dipterous fly (Psila rosæ) which, in the larval state, is injurious to carrots; — called also carrot fly. — Negro head (Com.), Cavendish tobacco. [Cant] McElrath. — Negro monkey (Zoöl.), the moor monkey.

NEGROHEAD Ne"gro*head`, n.

Defn: An inferior commercial variety of India rubber made up into round masses.

NEGROID Ne"groid, a. Etym: [Negro + -oid.]

1. Characteristic of the negro.

2. Resembling the negro or negroes; of or pertaining to those who resemble the negro.

NEGROLOID Ne"gro*loid, a.

Defn: See Negroid.

NEGUS Ne"gus, n.

Defn: A beverage made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice; — so called, it is said, from its first maker, Colonel Negus.

NEHILOTH Ne"hi*loth, n. pl. Etym: [Heb.] (Script.)

Defn: A term supposed to mean, perforated wind instruments of music, as pipes or flutes. Ps. v. (heading).

NEHUSHTAN Ne*hush"tan, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: A thing of brass; — the name under which the Israelites worshiped the brazen serpent made by Moses. 2 Kings xviii. 4.

NEIF; NEIFE Neif, Neife, n. Etym: [OF. neïf, naïf, a born serf, fr. L. nativus born, imparted by birth. See Native.]

Defn: A woman born in the state of villeinage; a female serf. Blackstone.

NEIF; NEAF Neif, Neaf, n. Etym: [Icel. hnefi; akin to Dan. næve, Sw. näfve.]

Defn: The first. [Obs.] "I kiss thy neif." "Give me your neaf." Shak.

NEIGH Neigh, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neighed; p. pr. & vb. n. Neighing.] Etym: [OE. neien, AS. hn, prob. of imitative origin; cf. MHG. n, Icel. hneggja, gneggja, Sw. gnägga. Cf. Nag a horse.]

1. To utter the cry of the horse; to whinny.

2. To scoff or sneer; to jeer. [Obs.] Neighed at his nakedness. Beau. & Fl.

NEIGH Neigh, n.

Defn: The cry of a horse; a whinny.

NEIGHBOR Neigh"bor, n. Etym: [OE. neighebour, AS. neáhgeb; neáh nigh + gebr a dweller, farmer; akin to D. nabuur, G. nachbar, OHG. nahgib. See Nigh, and Boor.] [Spelt also neighbour.]

1. A person who lives near another; one whose abode is not far off. Chaucer. Masters, my good friends, mine honest neighbors. Shak.

2. One who is near in sympathy or confidence. Buckingham No more shall be the neighbor to my counsel. Shak.

3. One entitled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kindness; hence, one of the human race; a fellow being. Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbor unto him that fell among the thieves Luke x. 36. The gospel allows no such term as "stranger;" makes every man my neighbor. South.

NEIGHBOR Neigh"bor, a.

Defn: Near to another; adjoining; adjacent; next; neighboring. "The neighbor cities." Jer. l. 40. "The neighbor room." Shak.

NEIGHBOR neigh"bor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neighbored; p. pr. & vb. n Neighboring.]

1. To adjoin; to border on; tobe near to. Leisurely ascending hills that neighbor the shore. Sandys.

2. To associate intimately with. [Obs.] Shak.

NEIGHBOR Neigh"bor, v. i.

Defn: To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near. [Obs.] A copse that neighbors by. Shak.

NEIGHBORHOOD Neigh"bor*hood, n. Etym: [Written also neighbourhood.]

1. The quality or condition of being a neighbor; the state of being or dwelling near; proximity. Then the prison and the palace were in awful neighborhood. Ld. Lytton.

2. A place near; vicinity; adjoining district; a region the inhabitants of which may be counted as neighbors; as, he lives in my neighborhood.

3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity of each other; as, the fire alarmed all the neiborhood.

4. The disposition becoming a neighbor; neighborly kindness or good will. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Syn. — Vicinity; vicinaty; proximity. — Neighborhood, Vicinity. Neigborhood is Anglo-Saxon, and vicinity is Latin. Vicinity does not commonly denote so close a connection as neighborhood. A neigborhood is a more immediately vicinity. The houses immediately adjoining a square are in the neighborhood of that square; those which are somewhat further removed are also in the vicinity of the square.

NEIGHBORING Neigh"bor*ing, a.

Defn: Living or being near; adjacent; as, the neighboring nations or countries.

NEIGHBORLINESS Neigh"bor*li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being neighborly.

NEIGHBORLY Neigh"bor*ly, a. Etym: [Also written neighbourly.]

Defn: Apropriate to the relation of neighbors; having frequent or familiar intercourse; kind; civil; social; friendly. — adv.

Defn: In a neigborly manner. Judge if this be neighborly dealing. Arbuthnot.

NEIGHBORSHIP Neigh"bor*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being neighbors. [R.] J. Bailie.

NEISHOUT Neis"hout, n. Etym: [From D. niezen to sneeze + hout wood.] (Bot.)

Defn: The mahogany-like wood of the South African tree Pteroxylon utile, the sawdust of which causes violent sneezing (whence the name). Also called sneezewood.

NEITHER Nei"ther ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [OE. neiter, nother, nouther, AS. naw, nahwæ; na never, not + hwæ whether. The word has followed the form of either. See No, and Whether, and cf. Neuter, Nor.]

Defn: Not either; not the one or the other. Which of them shall I take Both one or neither Neither can be enjoyed, If both remain alive. Shak. He neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak.

NEITHER Nei"ther, conj.

Defn: not either; generally used to introduce the first of two or more coördinate clauses of which those that follow begin with nor. Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king. 1 Kings xxii. 31. Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent, Neither had I transgressed, nor thou with me. Milton. When she put it on, she made me vow That I should neither sell, nor give, nor lose it. Shak.

Note: Neither was formerly often used where we now use nor. "For neither circumcision, neither uncircumcision is anything at all." Tyndale. "Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it." Gen. iii. 3. Neither is sometimes used colloquially at the end of a clause to enforce a foregoing negative (nor, not, no). "He is very tall, but not too tall neither." Addison. " `I care not for his thrust' `No, nor I neither.'" Shak. Not so neither, by no means. [Obs.] Shak.

NELUMBO Ne*lum"bo, n. Etym: [Ceylonese word.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of great water lilies. The North American species is Nelumbo lutea, the Asiatic is the sacred lotus, N. speciosa. [Written also Nelumbium.]

NEMALINE Nem"a*line, a. Etym: [L. nema thread, gr. (Min.)

Defn: Having the form of threads; fibrous.

NEMALITE Nem"a*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. némalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A fibrous variety of brucite.

NEMATELMIA Nem`a*tel"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nemathelminthes.

NEMATHECIUM Nem`a*the"ci*um ( or , n.; pl. Nemathecia. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A peculiar kind of fructification on certain red algæ, consisting of an external mass of filaments at length separating into tetraspores.

NEMATHELMINTHES; NEMATELMINTHES Nem`a*thel*min"thes, Nem`a*tel*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Nemato-, and Helminthes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of helminths, including the Nematoidea and Gordiacea; the roundworms. [Written also Nematelminthea.]

NEMATO- Nem"a*to-

Defn: . A combining from Gr. nhema, nhematos, a thread.

NEMATOBLAST Nem"a*to*blast, n. Etym: [Nemato- + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: A spermatocyte or spermoblast.

NEMATOCALYX Nem`a*to*ca"lyx, n.; pl. Nematocalyces, E. -calyxes. Etym: [NL. See Nemato-, and Calyx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a peculiar kind of cups, or calicles, found upon hydroids of the family Plumularidæ. They contain nematocysts. See Plumularia.

NEMATOCERA Nem`a*toc"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of dipterous insects, having long antennæ, as the mosquito, gnat, and crane fly; — called also Nemocera.

NEMATOCYST Nem"a*to*cyst, n. Etym: [Nemato- + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lasso cell, or thread cell. See Lasso cell, under Lasso.

NEMATODE Nem"a*tode, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nematoid.

NEMATOGENE Nem"a*to*gene, n. Etym: [Nemato- + root of Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the dimorphic forms of the species of Dicyemata, which produced vermiform embryos; — opposed to Ant: rhombogene.

NEMATOGNATH Nem`a*tog"nath, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: one of the Nematognathi.

NEMATOGNATHI Nem`a*tog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See nemato-, and Gnathic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes having barbels on the jaws. It includes the catfishes, or siluroids. See Siluroid.

NEMATOID Nem"a*toid, a. Etym: [Nemato- + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the Nematoidea. — n.

Defn: One of the Nematoidea. see Illustration in Appendix.

NEMATOIDEA Nem`a*toi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of worms, having a long, round, and generally smooth body; the roundworms. they are mostly parasites. Called also Nematodea, and Nematoda.

Note: The trichina, stomach worm, and pinworm of man belong to this group. See also Vinegar eel, under Vinegar, and Gapeworm.

NEMATOIDEAN Nem`a*toid"e*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nematoid.

NEMATOPHORA Nem`a*toph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Cælenterata.

NEMEAN Ne"me*an, a. Etym: [L. Nemeus, fr. Nemea, Ge.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Nemea, in Argolis, where the ancient Greeks celebrated games, and Hercules killed a lion.

NEMERTEAN Ne*mer"te*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Nemertina. — n.

Defn: One of the Nemertina.

NEMERTES Ne*mer"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nemertina.

NEMERTIAN Ne*mer"ti*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nemertean.

NEMERTID Ne*mer"tid, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nemertean.

NEMERTIDA Ne*mer"ti*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nemertina.

NEMERTINA Nem`er*ti"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Nemrtes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of helminths usually having a long, slender, smooth, often bright-colored body, covered with minute vibrating cilia; — called also Nemertea, Nemertida, and Rhynchocæla.

Note: The mouth is beneath the head, and the straight intestine at the posterior and. They have a very singular long tubular proboscis, which can be everted from a pore in the front of the head. Their nervous system and blood vessels are well developed. Some of the species become over one hundred feet long. They are mostly marine and seldom parasitic; a few inhabit fresh water. the two principal divisions are Anopla and Enopla.

NEMESIS Nem"e*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. gr. Nomad.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive justice personified; divine vengeance. This is that ancient doctrine of nemesis who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offense go unchastised. Emerson.

NEMOPHILIST Ne*moph"i*list, n. Etym: [See Nemophily.]

Defn: One who is fond of forest or forest scenery; a haunter of the woods. [R.]

NEMOPHILY Ne*moph"i*ly, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fondness for forest scenery; love of the woods. [R.]

NEMORAL Nem"o*ral, a. Etym: [L. nemoralis, fr. nemus, nemoris, a wood or grove: cf. F. némoral.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a wood or grove. [R.]

NEMOROUS Nem"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. nemorosus.]

Defn: Woody. [R.] Paradise itself was but a kind of nemorous temple. Evelyn.

NEMPNE Nemp"ne, v. t. Etym: [AS. nemnan to name or call. See Name, v.]

Defn: To name or call. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEMPT Nempt, p. p.

Defn: of Nempne. Called; named. [Obs.]

NEMS Nems, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ichneumon.

NENIA Ne"ni*a, n. Etym: [L. nenia, naenia.]

Defn: A funeral song; an elegy.

NENUPHAR Nen"u*phar, n. Etym: [F. nénufar: cf. Sp. nenúfar, It. nenufár; all fr. Per. nil.] (Bot.)

Defn: The great white water lily of Europe; the Nymphæa alba.

NEO- Ne"o- (. Etym: [Gr. New.]

Defn: A prefix meaning new, recent, late; and in chemistry designating specifically that variety of metameric hydrocarbons which, when the name was applied, had been recently classified, and in which at least one carbon atom in connected directly with four other carbon atoms; — contrasted with normal and iso-; as, neopentane; the neoparaffins. Also used adjectively.

NEOCARIDA Ne`o*car"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The modern, or true, Crustacea, as distinguished from the Merostomata.

NEOCENE Ne"o*cene, a. Etym: [Neo- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: More recent than the Eocene, that is, including both the Miocene and Pliocene divisions of the Tertiary.

NEO-CHRISTIANITY Ne`o-Chris*tian"i*ty ( or ), n. Etym: [Neo- + Christianity.]

Defn: Rationalism.

NEOCLASSIC Ne`o*clas"sic, a. [Neo- + classic.]

Defn: Belonging to, or designating, the modern revival of classical, esp. Greco-Roman, taste and manner of work in architecture, etc.

NEOCLASSIC ARCHITECTURE Neoclassic architecture.

Defn: All that architecture which, since the beginning of the Italian Renaissance, about 1420, has been designed with deliberate imitation of Greco-Roman buildings.

NEOCOMIAN Ne`o*co"mi*an, n. Etym: [From Neocomium, the Latin name of Neuchatel, in Switzerland, where these rocks occur.] (Geol.)

Defn: A term applied to the lowest deposits of the Cretaceous or chalk formation of Europe, being the lower greensand.

NEOCOMIAN Ne`o*co"mi*an, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lower greensand.

NEOCOSMIC Ne`o*cos"mic, a. Etym: [Neo- + cosmic.]

Defn: of or pertaining to the universe in its present state; specifically, pertaining to the races of men known to history.

NEOCRACY Ne*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Neo-+ -cracy, as in aristocracy.]

Defn: Government by new or inexperienced hands; upstart rule; raw or untried officials.

NEOCRITICISM Ne`o*crit"i*cism, n. [Neo- + classicism.]

Defn: The form of Neo-Kantianism developed by French idealists, following C. Renouvier. It rejects the noumena of Kant, restricting knowledge to phenomena as constituted by a priori categories.

NEODAMODE Ne*od"a*mode, n. Etym: [Gr. dh`mos, the people +

Defn: In ancient Sparta, one of those Helots who were freed by the state in reward for military service. Milford.

NEO-DARWINISM Ne`o-Dar"win*ism, n.

Defn: The theory which holds natural selection, as explained by Darwin, to be the chief factor in the evolution of plants and animals, and denies the inheritance of acquired characters; — esp. opposed to Neo-Lamarckism. Weismannism is an example of extreme Neo- Darwinism. — Ne`o-Dar*win"i*an, a. & n.

NEODYMIUM Ne`o*dym"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. Dee Neo-, and Didymium.] (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance which forms one of the constituents of didymium. Symbol Nd. Atomic weight 140.8.

NEOGAEAN Ne`o*gæ"an, a. Etym: [Neo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the New World, or Western Hemisphere.

NEOGAMIST Ne*og"a*mist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A person recently married.

NEOGEN Ne"o*gen, n. Etym: [Neo- + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alloy resembling silver, and consisting chiefly of copper, zinc, and nickel, with small proportions of tin, aluminium, and bismuth. Ure.

NEOGRAMMARIAN Ne`o*gram*ma"ri*an, n. [Neo-+ grammarian; a translation of G. junggrammatiker.]

Defn: One of a group of philologists who apply phonetic laws more widely and strictly than was formerly done, and who maintain that these laws admit of no real exceptions. —Ne`o*gram*mat"ic*al (#), a.

NEOGRAPHY Ne*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Neo- + -graphy.]

Defn: A new method or system of writing.

NEO-GREEK Ne`o-Greek", n.

Defn: A member of a body of French painters (F. les néo-Grecs) of the middle 19th century. The term is rather one applied by outsiders to certain artists of grave and refined style, such as Hamon and Aubert, than a name adopted by the artists themselves.

NEO-HEBRAIC Neo-Hebraic, n.

Defn: The modern Hebrew language.

NEO-HEBRAIC Ne`o-He*bra"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pert. to, or designating, modern Hebrew, or Hebrew of later date than the Biblical.

NEO-HEGELIAN Neo-Hegelian, n.

Defn: An adherent of Neo-Hegelianism.

NEO-HEGELIAN Ne`o-He*ge"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Neo-Hegelianism.

NEO-HEGELIANISM Ne`o-He*ge"li*an*ism, n.

Defn: The philosophy of a school of British and American idealists who follow Hegel in dialectical or logical method and in the general outcome of their doctrine. The founders and leaders of Neo- Hegelianism include: in England, T. H. Green (1836-1882); in Scotland, J. (1820-98) and E. (1835-1908) Caird; in the United States, W. T. Harris (1835-1909) and Josiah Royce (1855- -).

NEO-HELLENIC Ne`o-Hel*len"ic, n.

Defn: Same as Romaic.

NEO-HELLENISM Ne`o-Hel"len*ism, n.

Defn: Hellenism as surviving or revival in modern times; the practice or pursuit of ancient Greek ideals in modern life, art, or literature, as in the Renaissance.

NEOIMPRESSIONISM; POINTILLISM Ne`o*im*pres"sion*ism, n. (Painting)

Defn: A theory or practice which is a further development, on more rigorously scientific lines, of the theory and practice of Impressionism, originated by George Seurat (1859-91), and carried on by Paul Signac (1863- -) and others. Its method is marked by the laying of pure primary colors in minute dots upon a white ground, any given line being produced by a variation in the proportionate quantity of the primary colors employed. This method is also known as Pointillism (stippling).

NEO-KANTIAN Neo-Kantian, n.

Defn: An adherent of Neo-Kantianism.

NEO-KANTIAN Ne`o-Kant"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Neo-Kantianism.

NEO-KANTIANISM Ne`o-Kant"i*an*ism, n.

Defn: The philosophy of modern thinkers who follow Kant in his general theory of knowledge, esp. of a group of German philosophers including F. A. Lange, H. Cohen, Paul Natorp, and others.

NEO-LAMARCKISM Ne`o-La*marck"ism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Lamarckism as revived, modified, and expounded by recent biologists, esp. as maintaining that the offspring inherits characters acquired by the parent from change of environment, use or disuse of parts, etc.; — opposed of Neo-Darwinism (which see, above). — Ne`o-La*marck"i*an, a. & n.

NEO-LATIN Ne`o-Lat"in, a. Etym: [Neo- + Latin.]

Defn: Applied to the Romance languages, as being mostly of Latin origin.

NEOLITHIC Ne`o*lith"ic, a. Etym: [Neo- + -lith + -ic.] (Archæol. & Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or designating, an era characterized by late remains in stone. The Neolithic era includes the latter half of the "Stone age;" the human relics which belong to it are associated with the remains of animals not yet extinct. The kitchen middens of Denmark, the lake dwellings of Switzerland, and the stockaded islands, or "crannogs," of the British Isles, belong to this era. Lubbock.

NEOLOGIAN Ne`o*lo*gi*an, a.

Defn: Neologic; neological.

NEOLOGIAN Ne`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A neologist.

NEOLOGIANISM Ne`o*lo"gi*an*ism, n.

Defn: Neologism.

NEOLOGIC; NEOLOGICAL Ne`o*log"ic, Ne`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. néologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to neology; employing new words; of the nature of, or containing, new words or new doctrines. A genteel neological dictionary. Chesterfield.

NEOLOGICALLY Ne`o*log"ic*al*ly

Defn: , adv. In a neological manner.

NEOLOGISM Ne*ol"o*gism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. néologisme.]

1. The introduction of new words, or the use of old words in a new sense. Mrs. Browning.

2. A new word, phrase, or expression.

3. A new doctrine; specifically, rationalism.

NEOLOGIST Ne*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. néologiste.]

1. One who introduces new word or new senses of old words into a language.

2. An innovator in any doctrine or system of belif, especially in theology; one who introduces or holds doctrines subversie of supernatural or revealed religion; a rationalist, so-called.

NEOLOGISTIC; NEOLOGISTICAL Ne*ol`o*gis"tic, Ne*ol`o*gis"tic*al, a.

Defn: of or pertaining to neology; neological.

NEOLOGIZATION Ne*ol`o*gi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of neologizing.

NEOLOGIZE Ne*ol"o*gize, v. i.

1. To introduce or use new words or terms or new uses of old words.

2. To introduce innovations in doctrine, esp. in theological doctrine.

NEOLOGY Ne*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Neo- + -logy: cf. F. néologie.]

1. The introduction of a new word, or of words or significations, into a language; as, the present nomenclature of chemistry is a remarkable instance of neology.

2. A new doctrine; esp. (Theol.), a doctrine at variance with the received interpretation of revealed truth; a new method of theological interpretation; rationalism.

NEO-MALTHUSIAN Ne`o-Mal*thu"sian, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a group of modern economists who hold to the Malthusianism doctrine that permanent betterment of the general standard of living is impossible without decrease of competition by limitation of the number of births. — Ne`o- Mal*thu"sian, Ne`o-Mal*thu"sian*ism, n.

NEOMENIA Ne`o*me"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The time of the new moon; the beginning of the month in the lunar calendar.

NEOMENOIDEA Ne`o*me*noi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Neomenia, a representative genus (See Neomenia) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of vermiform gastropod mollusks, without a shell, belonging to the Isopleura.

NEOMORPH Ne"o*morph, n. Etym: [Neo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A structure, part, or organ developed independently, that is, not derived from a similar structure, part, or organ, in a pre existing form.

NEONISM Ne"o*nism, n.

Defn: Neologism.

NEONOMIAN Ne`o*no"mi*an, n. Etym: [Neo- + gr.

Defn: One who advocates adheres to new laws; esp. one who holds or believes that the gospel is a new law.

NEONOMIAN Ne`o*no"mi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Neonomians, or in accordance with their doctrines.

NEONOMIANISM Ne`o*no"mi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines or belief of the neonomians.

NEOPAGANISM Ne`o*pa"gan*ism, n. [Neo- + paganism.]

Defn: Revived or new paganism.

NEOPHYTE Ne"o*phyte, n. Etym: [L. neophytis, Gr. néophyte. See New, and Be.]

1. A new convert or proselyte; — a name given by the early Christians, and still given by the Roman Catholics, to such as have recently embraced the Christian faith, and been admitted to baptism, esp. to converts from heathenism or Judaism.

2. A novice; a tyro; a beginner in anything.

NEOPLASIA Ne`o*pla"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: Growth or development of new material; neoplasty.

NEOPLASM Ne"o*plasm, n. Etym: [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: A new formation or tissue, the product of morbid action.

NEOPLASTIC Ne`o*plas"tic, a. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: of or pertaining to neoplasty, or neoplasia.

NEOPLASTY Ne"o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: Restoration of a part by granulation, adhesive inflammation, or autoplasty.

NEOPLATONIC Ne`o*pla"ton"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Neoplatonism or the Neoplatonists.

NEOPLATONICIAN Ne`o*pla`to*ni"cian, n.

Defn: A neoplatonist.

NEOPLATONISM Ne`o*pla"to*nism, n. Etym: [Neo- + Platonism.]

Defn: A pantheistic eclectic school of philosophy, of which Plotinus was the chief (A. D. 205-270), and which sought to reconcile the Platonic and Aristotelian systems with Oriental theosophy. It tended to mysticism and theurgy, and was the last product of Greek philosophy.

NEOPLATONIST Ne`o*pla"to*nist, n.

Defn: One who held to Neoplatonism; a member of the Neoplatonic school.

NEORAMA Ne`o*ra"ma ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A panorama of the interior of a building, seen from within.

NEO-SCHOLASTIC Ne`o-Scho*las"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to Neo-Scholasticism.

NEO-SCHOLASTICISM Ne`o-Scho*las"ti*cism, n.

Defn: The modern revival of the Scholastic philosophy, esp. of that of Thomas Aquinas, with critical revision to suit the exigencies of the general advance in learning. The Neo-Scholastic movement received a great impetus from Leo XIII.'s interest in it.

NEOSSINE Ne*os"sine, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The substance constituting the edible bird's nest.

NEOSSOLOGY Ne`os*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The study of young birds.

NEOTERIC; NEOTERICAL Ne`o*ter"ic, Ne`o*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. neotericus, gr.

Defn: Recent in origin; modern; new. "Our neoteric verbs." Fitzed. Hall. Some being ancient, others neoterical. Bacon.

NEOTERIC Ne`o*ter"ic, n.

Defn: One of modern times; a modern.

NEOTERICALLY Neo`ter"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Recently; newly.

NEOTERISM Ne*ot"er*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An innovation or novelty; a neoteric word or phrase.

NEOTERIST Ne*ot"er*ist, n.

Defn: One ho introduces new word Fitzed Hall.

NEOTERIZE Ne*ot"er*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neoterized; p. pr. & vb. n. Neoterized.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To innovate; to coin or introduce new words. Freely as we of the nineteenth century neoterize. fized. Hall.

NEOTROPICAL Ne`o*trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Neo- + tropical.] (Geog. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or designating, a region of the earth's surface which comprises most of South America, the Antilles, and tropical North America.

NEOZOIC Ne`o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Neo- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: More recent than the Paleozoic, — that is, including the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

NEP Nep, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. Nepeta.] (Bot.)

Defn: Catnip.

NEPA Ne"pa, n. Etym: [L. nepa scorpion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of aquatic hemipterus insects. The species feed upon other insects and are noted for their voracity; — called also scorpion bug and water scorpion.

NEPAULESE Nep`au*lese" ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Nepaul, a kingdom in Northern Hindostan. — n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Nepaul.

NEPENTHE Ne*pen"the, n. Etym: [Fr. Gr.

Defn: A drug used by the ancients to give relief from pain and sorrow; — by some supposed to have been opium or hasheesh. Hence, anything soothing and comforting. Lulled with the sweet nepenthe of a court. Pope. Quaff, O quaff this kind nepenthe. Poe.

NEPENTHES Ne*pen"thes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Nepenthe.]

1. Same as Nepenthe. Milton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing plants found in India, Malaya, etc., which have the leaves prolonged into a kind of stout tendril terminating in a pitcherlike appendage, whence the plants are often called pitcher plants and monkey-cups. There are about thirty species, of which the best known is Nepenthes distillatoria. See Pitcher plant.

NEPETA Nep"e*ta, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of labiate plants, including the catnip and ground ivy.

NEPHALISM Neph"a*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. néphalisme.]

Defn: Total abstinence from spirituous liquor.

NEPHALIST Neph"a*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. néphaliste.]

Defn: One who advocates or practices nephalism.

NEPHELINE; NEPHELITE Neph"e*line, Neph"e*lite, n. Etym: [gr. néphéline. Cf. Nebula.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occuring at Vesuvius, in glassy agonal crystals; also elsewhere, in grayish or greenish masses having a greasy luster, as the variety elæolite. It is a silicate of aluminia, soda, and potash.

NEPHELODOMETER Neph`e*lo*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Meteorol.)

Defn: An instrument for reckoning the distances or velocities of clouds.

NEPHELOMETER Neph`e*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring or registering the amount of cloudiness.

NEPHEW Neph"ew (; in England , n. Etym: [OE. neveu, nevou, nevu, fr. F. neveu, OF. also, nevou, L. nepos; akin to AS. nefa, D. neef, G. neffe, OHG. nevo, Icel. nefi a kinsman, gr. nepat grandson, descendant. sq. root262. Cf. Niece, Nepotism.]

1. A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [Obs.] But if any widow have children or nephews [Rev. Ver. grandchildren,]. 1 Tim. v. 4. If naturalists say true that nephews are often liker to their grandfathers than to their fathers. Jer. Taylor.

2. A cousin. [Obs.] Shak.

3. The son of a brother or a sister, or of a brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Chaucer.

NEPHILIM Neph"i*lim, n. pl. Etym: [Heb. n.]

Defn: Giants. Gen. vi. 4. Num. xiii. 33.

NEPHOSCOPE Neph"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Meteorol.)

Defn: An instrument for observing the clouds and their velocity.

NEPHRALGIA; NEPHRALGY Ne*phral"gi*a, Ne*phral"gy, n. Etym: [NL. nephralgia, fr. Gr. néphralgie.] (Med.)

Defn: Neuralgia of the kidneys; a disease characterized by pain in the region of the kidneys without any structural lesion of the latter. Quain.

NEPHRIDIAL Ne*phrid"i*al, a. (Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: of or pertaining to a nephridium.

NEPHRIDIUM Ne*phrid"i*um, n.; pl. Nephridia. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. kidneys.] (Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: A segmental tubule; one of the tubules of the primitive urinogenital organs; a segmental organ. See Illust. under Loeven's larva.

NEPHRITE Neph"rite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. néphrite. See Nephritis.] (Min.)

Defn: A hard compact mineral, of a dark green color, formerly worn as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys, whence its name; kidney stone; a kind of jade. See Jade.

NEPHRITIC; NEPHRITICAL Ne*phrit"ic, Ne*phrit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. nephriticus, gr. néphrétique. See Nephritis.]

1. Of or pertaining to the kidneys or urinary organs; renal; as, a nephritic disease.

2. (Med.) (a) Affected with a disease of the kidneys; as, a nephritic patient. (b) Relieving disorders of the kidneys; affecting the kidneys; as, a nephritic medicine. Nephritic stone (Min.), nephrite; jade. See Nephrite.

NEPHRITIC Ne*phrit"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine adapted to relieve or cure disease of the kidneys.

NEPHRITIS Ne*phri"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. gr. (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the kidneys.

NEPHROLITHIC neph`ro*lith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. -lith + ic.] (Med.)

Defn: of or pertaining to gravel, or renal calculi. Dunglison.

NEPHROLOGY Ne*phrol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on, or the science which treats of, the kidneys, and their structure and functions.

NEPHROSTOME Neph"ro*stome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl. & Anat.)

Defn: The funnelshaped opening of a nephridium into the body cavity.

NEPHROTOMY Ne*phrot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. néphrotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: Extraction of stone from the kidney by cutting.

NE PLUS ULTRA Ne plus ul"tra. [L., no further; ne no, not + plus more + ultra beyond.]

1. The uttermost point to which one can go or attain; hence, the summit of achievement; the highest point or degree; the acme.

2. A prohibition against proceeding further; an insuperable obstacle or limiting condition. [Obs. or R.]

NEPOTAL Nep"o*tal, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a nephew.

NEPOTIC Ne*pot"ic, a. Etym: [See nepotism.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to npotism. The nepotic ambition of the ruling pontiff. Milman.

NEPOTISM Nep"o*tism, n. Etym: [L. nepus, nepotus, nephew: cf. F. népotisme. See Nephew.]

Defn: Undue attachment to relations; favoritism shown to members of one's family; bestowal of patronage in consideration of relationship, rather than of merit or of legal claim. From nepotism Alexander V. was safe; for he was without kindred or relatives. But there was another perhaps more fatal nepotism, which turned the tide of popularity against him — the nepotism of his order. Milman.

NEPOTIST Nep"o*tist, n.

Defn: One who practices nepotism.

NEPTUNE Nep"tune, n. Etym: [L. Neptunus.]

1. (Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of the sea. He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The remotest known planet of our system, discovered — as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris — by Galle, of Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78 years. Neptune powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin, — used in blasting. — Neptune's cup (Zoöl.), a very large, cup-shaped, marine sponge (Thalassema Neptuni).

NEPTUNIAN Nep*tu"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Neptunius belonging to Neptune: cf. F. neptunien.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ocean or sea.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed by water or aqueous solution; as, Neptunian rocks. Neptunian races (Ethnol.), the Malay and Polynesian races. — Neptunian theory (Geol.), the theory of Werner, which referred the formation of all rocks and strata to the agency of water; — opposed to the Plutonic theory.

NEPTUNIAN; NEPTUNIST Nep*tu"ni*an, Nep"tu*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. neptinien, neptuniste.] (Geol.)

Defn: One who adopts the neptunian theory.

NEPTUNICENTRIC Nep*tu`ni*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Neptune + centric.] (Astron.)

Defn: As seen from Neptune, or having Neptune as a center; as, Neptunicentric longitude or force.

NEPTUNIUM Nep*tu"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A new metallic element, of doubtful genuineness and uncertain indentification, said to exist in certain minerals, as columbite. Hermann.

NER Ner, adv. & a.

Defn: nearer. [Obs.] See Nerre.

NERE Nere. Etym: [Contr. fr. ne were.]

Defn: Were not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

NEREID Ne"re*id, n.; pl. E. Nereids, L. Nereides. Etym: [L. Nereis, -idis, gr. nara water, cf. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, who were attendants upon Neptune, and were represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the tail of a fish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Nereis. The word is sometimes used for similar annelids of other families.

NEREIDIAN Ne`re*id"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any annelid resembling Nereis, or of the family Lycoridæ or allied families.

NEREIS Ne"re*is ( or ), n.; pl. Nereides. Etym: [L.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A Nereid. See Nereid.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus, including numerous species, of marine chætopod annelids, having a well-formed head, with two pairs of eyes, antennæ, four pairs of tentacles, and a protrusile pharynx, armed with a pair of hooked jaws.

NEREITES Ne"re*ites, n. pl. (Paleon.)

Defn: Fossil tracks of annelids.

NEREOCYSTIS Ne`re*o*cys"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Nereid, and Cyst.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of gigantic seaweeds.

Note: Nereocystis Lutkeana, of the North Pacific, has a stem many fathoms long, terminating in a great vesicle, which is crowned with a tuft of long leaves. The stem is used by the Alaskans for fishing lines.

NERFLING Nerf"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The id.

NERITA Ne*ri"ta, n. Etym: [L., a sort of sea mussel, gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods, mostly natives of warm climates.

NERITE Ner"ite ( or ; 277), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any mollusk of the genus Nerita.

NERITINA Ner`i*ti"na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus including numerous species of shells resembling Nerita in form. They mostly inhabit brackish water, and are often delicately tinted.

NERKA Ner"ka, n. [Russ. niarka, prob. fr. native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The most important salmon of Alaska (Oncorhinchus nerka), ascending in spring most rivers and lakes from Alaska to Oregon, Washington, and Idaho; —called also red salmon, redfish, blueback, and sawqui.

NERO Ne"ro, n.

Defn: A Roman emperor notorius for debauchery and barbarous cruelty; hence, any profligate and cruel ruler or merciless tyrant. — Ne*ro"ni*an, a.

NERO-ANTICO Ne`ro-an*ti"co, n. [It.; nero black + antico ancient.] (Art)

Defn: A beautiful black marble found in fragments among Roman ruins, and usually thought to have come from ancient Laconia.

NEROLI Ner"o*li, n. Etym: [F. néroli, said to be from the name of an Italian princess.] (Chem.)

Defn: An essential oil obtained by distillation from the flowers of the orange. It has a strong odor, and is used in perfumery, etc. Neroli camphor (Chem.), a white crystalline waxy substance, tasteless and odorless, obtained from beroli oil; — called also auradin.

NERRE Ner"re, adv. & a. Etym: [See Near.]

Defn: Nearer. [Obs.] [Written also neer, ner.] Chaucer. Never the neer, never the nearer; no nearer. [Obs.]

NERVATE Nerv"ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Nerved.

NERVATION Ner*va"tion, n.

Defn: The arrangement of nerves and veins, especially those of leaves; neuration. The outlines of the fronds of ferns, and their nervation, are frail characters if employed alone for the determination of existing genera. J. D. Hooker.

NERVE Nerve, n. Etym: [OE. nerfe, F. nerf, L. nervus, akin to Gr. needle. Cf. Neuralgia.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the whitish and elastic bundles of fibers, with the accompanying tissues, which transmit nervous impulses between nerve centers and various parts of the animal body.

Note: An ordinary nerve is made up of several bundles of nerve fibers, each bundle inclosed in a special sheath (the perineurium) and all bound together in a connective tissue sheath and framework (the epineurium) containing blood vessels and lymphatics.

2. A sinew or a tendon. Pope.

3. Physical force or steadiness; muscular power and control; constitutional vigor. he led me on to mightiest deeds, Above the nerve of mortal arm. Milton.

4. Steadiness and firmness of mind; self-command in personal danger, or under suffering; unshaken courage and endurance; coolness; pluck; resolution.

5. Audacity; assurance. [Slang]

6. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the principal fibrovascular bundles or ribs of a leaf, especially when these extend straight from the base or the midrib of the leaf.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the nervures, or veins, in the wings of insects. Nerve cell (Anat.), one of the nucleated cells with which nerve fibers are connected; a ganglion cell. — Nerve fiber (Anat.), one of the fibers of which nerves are made up. These fibers are either medullated or nonmedullated. in both kinds the essential part is the translucent threadlike axis cylinder which is continuous the whole length of the fiber. — Nerve stretching (Med.), the operation of stretching a nerve in order to remedy diseases such as tetanus, which are supposed to be influenced by the condition of the nerve or its connections.

NERVE Nerve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nerved; p. pr. & vb. n. Nerving.]

Defn: To give strength or vigor to; to supply with force; as, fear nerved his arm.

NERVED Nerved, a.

1. Having nerves of a special character; as, weak-nerved.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins. Gray.

NERVELESS Nerve"less, a.

1. Destitute of nerves.

2. Destitute of strength or of courage; wanting vigor; weak; powerless. A kingless people for a nerveless state. Byron. Awaking, all nerveless, from an ugly dream. Hawthorne.

NERVELESSNESS Nerve"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being nerveless.

NERVE-SHAKEN Nerve"-shak`en, a.

Defn: Affected by a tremor, or by a nervous disease; weakened; overcome by some violent influence or sensation; shoked.

NERVIMOTION Ner`vi*mo"tion, n. Etym: [Nerve + motion.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The movement caused in the sensory organs by external agents and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves. Dunglison.

NERVIMOTOR Ner`vi*mo"tor, n. Etym: [Nerve + motor.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Any agent capable of causing nervimotion. Dunglison.

NERVINE Nerv"ine a. Etym: [L. nervinus made of sinews: cf.F. nervin. See Nerve.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the quality of acting upon or affecting the nerves; quieting nervous excitement. — n.

Defn: A nervine agent.

NERVOMUSCULAR Ner`vo*mus"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Nerve + muscular.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both nerves and muscles; of the nature of nerves and muscles; as, nervomuscular energy.

NERVOSE Ner*vose", a. Etym: [See Nervous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Nerved.

NERVOSITY Ner*vos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. nervositas strength.]

Defn: Nervousness. [R.]

NERVOUS Nerv"ous, a. Etym: [L. nervosus sinewy, vigorous: cf. F. nerveux. See Nerve.]

1. possessing nerve; sinewy; strong; vigorous. "Nervous arms." Pope.

2. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind; characterized by strength in sentiment or style; forcible; spirited; as, a nervous writer.

3. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; as, nervous excitement; a nervous fever.

4. Having the nerves weak, diseased, or easily excited; subject to, or suffering from, undue excitement of the nerves; easily agitated or annoyed. Poor, weak, nervous creatures. Cheyne.

5. Sensitive; excitable; timid. Our aristocratic class does not firmly protest against the unfair treatment of Irish Catholics, because it is nervous about the land. M. Arnold. Nervous fever (Med.), a low form of fever characterized by great disturbance of the nervous system, as evinced by delirium, or stupor, disordered sensibility, etc. — Nervous system (Anat.), the specialized coördinating apparatus which endows animals with sensation and volition. In vertebrates it is often divided into three systems: the central, brain and spinal cord; the peripheral, cranial and spinal nerves; and the sympathetic. See Brain, Nerve, Spinal cord, under Spinal, and Sympathetic system, under Sympathetic, and Illust. in Appendix. — Nervous temperament, a condition of body characterized by a general predominance of mental manifestations. Mayne.

NERVOUSLY Nerv"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a nervous manner.

NERVOUSNESS Nerv"ous*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being nervous.

NERVURE Nerv"ure, n. Etym: [F. See Nerve.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the nerves of leaves.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the chitinous supports, or veins, in the wings of incests.

NERVY Nerv"y, a. [Compar. Nervier; superl. - iest.]

Defn: Strong; sinewy. "His nervy knees." Keats.

NESCIENCE Nes"cience, n. Etym: [L. nescientia, fr. nesciens, p.pr. of nescire not to know; ne not + scire to know.]

Defn: Want of knowledge; ignorance; agnosticism. God fetched it about for me, in that absence and nescience of mine. Bp. Hall.

NESE Nese, n.

Defn: Nose. [Obs.] Piers plowman.

NESH Nesh, a. Etym: [AS. hnesc, hnæsc, akin to Goth. hnasqus.]

Defn: Soft; tender; delicate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

NESS Ness, n. Etym: [AS. næs, ns; akin to Icel. nes, Sw. näs, Dan. næs, and E. nose. sq. root 261. See Nose.]

Defn: A promontory; a cape; a headland. Hakluyt.

Note: Ness is frequently used as a suffix in the names of places and promontories; as, Sheerness.

-NESS -ness (. Etym: [AS. -ness, -nyss, -nys; akin to OS. -nissi, nussi, D. -nis, OHG. -nissa, -nassi, -nussi, G. -nis, -niss, Goth. -inasus.]

Defn: A suffix used to form abstract nouns expressive of quality or state; as, goodness, greatness.

NESSLERIZE Ness"ler*ize, v. t. Etym: [From Nessler, the chemist.] (Chem.)

Defn: To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called Nessler's solution or Nessler's test, and is used to detect the presence of ammonia.

NEST Nest, n. Etym: [AS. nest; akin to D. & G. nest, Sw. näste, L. nidus, for nisdus, Skr. ni resting place, nest; cf. Lith. lizdas, Arm. neiz, Gael. & Ir. nead. Prob. from the particle ni down, Skr. ni + the root of E. sit, and thus orig., a place to sit down in. sq. root 264. See Nether, and Sit, and cf. Eyas, Nidification, Nye.]

1. The bed or receptacle prepared by a fowl for holding her eggs and for hatching and rearing her young. The birds of the air have nests. Matt. viii. 20.

2. Hence: the place in which the eggs of other animals, as insects, turtles, etc., are laid and hatched; a snug place in which young animals are reared. Bentley.

3. A snug, comfortable, or cozy residence or situation; a retreat, or place of habitual resort; hence, those who occupy a nest, frequent a haunt, or are associated in the same pursuit; as, a nest of traitors; a nest of bugs. A little cottage, like some poor man's nest. Spenser.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: An aggregated mass of any ore or mineral, in an isolated state, within a rock.

5. A collection of boxes, cases, or the like, of graduated size, each put within the one next larger.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: A compact group of pulleys, gears, springs, etc., working together or collectively. Nest egg, an egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it, and to induce her to lay more in the same place; hence, figuratively, something laid up as the beginning of a fund or collection. Hudibras.

NEST Nest, v. i.

Defn: To build and occupy a nest. The king of birds nested within his leaves. Howell.

NEST Nest, v. t.

Defn: To put into a nest; to form a nest for. From him who nested himself into the chief power. South.

NESTFUL Nest"ful, n.; pl. Nestfuls (.

Defn: As much or many as will fill a nest.

NESTLE Nes"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nestled; p. pr. & vb. n. Nestling.] Etym: [AS. nestlian.]

1. To make and occupy a nest; to nest. [Obs.] The kingfisher … nestles in hollow banks. L'Estrange.

2. To lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest; to cuddle up; to settle, as in a nest; to harbor; to take shelter. Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild country, and there nestle till succors came. Bacon.

3. To move about in one's place, like a bird when shaping the interior of her nest or a young bird getting close to the parent; as, a child nestles.

NESTLE Nes"tle, v. t.

Defn: To house, as in a nest.

2. To cherish, as a bird her young.

NESTLING Nes"tling. n.

1. A young bird which has not abandoned the nest. Piers Plowman.

2. A nest; a receptacle. [Obs.] Bacon.

NESTLING Nes"tling, a.

Defn: Newly hatched; being yet in the nest.

NESTOR Nes"tor, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parrots with gray heads. of New Zeland and papua, allied to the cockatoos. See Kaka.

NESTORIAN Nes*to"ri*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: An adherent of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople to the fifth century, who has condemned as a heretic for maintaining that the divine and the human natures were not merged into one nature in Christ (who was God in man), and, hence, that it was improper to call Mary the mother of Christ; also, one of the sect established by the followers of Nestorius in Persia, india, and other Oriental countries, and still in existence. opposed to Ant: Eutychian.

NESTORIAN Nes*to"ri*an, a.

1. Of or relating to the Nestorians.

2. relating to, or resembling, Nestor, the aged warior and counselor mentioned by Homer; hence, wise; experienced; aged; as, Nestorian caution.

NESTORIANISM Nes*to"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the nestorian Christians, or of Nestorius.

NET Net, n. Etym: [AS. net; akin to D. net, OS. net, netti, OHG. nezzi, G. netz, Icel. & Dan. net, Sw. nät, Goth. nati; of uncertain origin.]

1. A fabric of twine, thread, or the like, wrought or woven into meshes, and used for catching fish, birds, butterflies, etc.

2. Anything designed or fitted to entrap or catch; a snare; any device for catching and holding. A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for his feet. Prov. xxix. 5. In the church's net there are fishes good or bad. Jer. Taylor.

3. Anything wrought or woven in meshes; as, a net for the hair; a mosquito net; a tennis net.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A figure made up of a large number of straight lines or curves, which are connected at certain points and related to each other by some specified law.

NET Net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Netted; p. pr. & vb. n. Netting.]

1. To make into a net; to make n the style of network; as, to net silk.

2. To take in a net; to capture by stratagem or wile. And now I am here, netted and in the toils. Sir W. Scott.

3. To inclose or cover with a net; as, to net a tree.

NET Net, v. i.

Defn: To form network or netting; to knit.

NET Net, a. Etym: [F. See Neat clean.]

1. Without spot; pure; shining. [Obs.] Her breast all naked as net ivory. Spenser.

2. Free from extraneous substances; pure; unadulterated; neat; as, net wine, etc. [R.]

3. Not including superfluous, incidental, or foreign matter, as boxes, coverings, wraps, etc.; free from charges, deductions, etc; as, net profit; net income; net weight, etc. [Less properly written nett.] Net tonnage (Naut.), the tonnage of a vessel after a deduction from the gross tonnage has been made, to allow space for crew, machinery, etc.

NET Net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Netted; p. pr. & vb. n. Netting.]

Defn: To produce or gain as clear profit; as, he netted a thousand dollars by the operation.

NE TEMERE Ne Te"me*re. [So named from L. ne not + temere rashly, the first two words in the decree.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A decree of the Congregation of the Council declaring invalid [so far as the laws of the Roman Catholic Church are concerned] any marriage of a Roman Catholic, or of a person who has ever been a Roman Catholic, if not contracted before a duty qualified priest (or the bishop of the diocese) and at least two witnesses. The decree was issued Aug. 2, 1907, and took effect on Easter Apr. 19, 1908. The decree by its terms does not affect mixed marriages (those between Roman Catholics and persons of another faith) in Germany.

NETFISH Net"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An astrophyton.

NETHER Neth"er, a. Etym: [OE. nethere, neithere, AS. ni, fr. the adv. ni downward; akin to neo below, beneath, D. neder down, G. nieder, Sw. nedre below, nether, a. & adv., and also to Skr. ni down. sq. root201. Cf. Beneath.]

Defn: Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; — opposed to upper. 'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding fires. Milton. This darksome nether world her light Doth dim with horror and deformity. Spenser. All my nether shape thus grew transformed. Milton.

NETHERMORE Neth"er*more`, a.

Defn: Lower, nether. [Obs.] Holland.

NETHERMOST Neth"er*most`, a. Etym: [AS. ni(Nether, and cf. Aftermost.]

Defn: Lowest; as, the nethermost abyss. Milton.

NETHINIM Neth"i*nim, n. pl. Etym: [Heb., pl. of nathin given, granted, a slave of the temple, fr. nathan to give.] (jewish Antiq.)

Defn: Servants of the priests and Levites in the menial services about the tabernacle and temple.

NETIFY Net"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Net, a. + -fy.]

Defn: To render neat; to clean; to put in order. [R.] Chapman.

NETSUKE Net"su*ke, n. [Jap.]

Defn: In Japanese costume and decorative art, a small object carved in wood, ivory, bone, or horn, or wrought in metal, and pierced with holes for cords by which it is connected, for convenience, with the inro, the smoking pouch (tabako-ire), and similar objects carried in the girdle. It is now much used on purses sold in Europe and America.

NETTING Net"ting, n. Etym: [From Net, n.]

1. The act or process of making nets or network, or of forming meshes, as for fancywork, fishing nets, etc.

2. A piece of network; any fabric, made of cords, threads, wires, or the like, crossing one another with open spaces between.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A network of ropes used for various purposes, as for holding the hammocks when not in use, also for stowing sails, and for hoisting from the gunwale to the rigging to hinder an enemy from boarding. Totten. Netting needle, a kind of slender shuttle used in netting. See Needle, n., 3.

NETTING Net"ting, n.

Defn: Urine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

NETTLE Net"tle, n. Etym: [AS. netele; akin to D. netel, G. nessel, OHG. nezzïla, nazza, Dan. nelde, nälde, Sw. nässla; cf, Lith. notere.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Urtica, covered with minute sharp hairs containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation. Urtica gracitis is common in the Northern, and U. chamædryoides in the Southern, United States. the common European species, U. urens and U. dioica, are also found in the Eastern united States. U. pilulifera is the Roman nettle of England.

Note: The term nettle has been given to many plants related to, or to some way resembling, the true nettle; as: Australian nettle, a stinging tree or shrub of the genus Laportea (as L. gigas and L. moroides); — also called nettle tree. — Bee nettle, Hemp nettle, a species of Galeopsis. See under Hemp. — Blind nettle, Dead nettle, a harmless species of Lamium. — False nettle (Bæhmeria cylindrica), a plant common in the United States, and related to the true nettles. — Hedge nettle, a species of Stachys. See under Hedge. — Horse nettle (Solanum Carolinense). See under Horse. — nettle tree. (a) Same as Hackberry. (b) See Australian nettle (above). — Spurge nettle, a stinging American herb of the Spurge family (Jatropha urens). — Wood nettle, a plant (Laportea Canadensis) which stings severely, and is related to the true nettles. Nettle cloth, a kind of thick cotton stuff, japanned, and used as a substitute for leather for various purposes. — Nettle rash (Med.), an eruptive disease resembling the effects of whipping with nettles. — Sea nettle (Zoöl.), a medusa.

NETTLE Net"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nettled; p. pr. & vb. n. Nettling.]

Defn: To fret or sting; to irritate or vex; to cause to experience sensations of displeasure or uneasiness not amounting to violent anger. The princes were so nettled at the scandal of this affront, that every man took it to himself. L'Estrange.

NETTLEBIRD Net"tle*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the European whitethroat. [Prov. Eng.]

NETTLER Net"tler, n.

Defn: One who nettles. [R.] Milton.

NETTLES Net"tles, n. pl. Etym: [See Knittle.] (Naut.) (a) The halves of yarns in the unlaid end of a rope twisted for pointing or grafting. (b) Small lines used to sling hammocks under the deck beams. (c) Reef points.

NETTLING Net"tling, n. (Rope Making) (a) A process (resembling splicing) by which two ropes are jointed end so as to form one rope. (b) The process of tying together the ends of yarns in pairs, to prevent tangling.

NETTLING Net"tling, p. pr. & a.

Defn: Stinging; irritating. Nettling cell (Zoöl.), a lasso cell. See under Lasso.

NETTY Net"ty, a.

Defn: Like a net, or network; netted. [R.]

NET-VEINED Net"-veined`, a.

Defn: Having veins, or nerves, reticulated or netted; as, a net- veined wing or leaf.

NETWORK Net"work`, n.

1. A fabric of threads, cords, or wires crossing each other at certain intervals, and knotted or secured at the crossings, thus leaving spaces or meshes between them.

2. Any system of lines or channels interlacing or crossing like the fabric of a net; as, a network of veins; a network of railroads.

NEUFCHATEL Neuf`châ`tel", n.

Defn: A kind of soft sweet-milk cheese; — so called from Neufchâtel- en-Bray in France.

NEURAD Neu"rad, adv. Etym: [Gr. ad to.] (Anat.)

Defn: Toward the neural side; — opposed to hæmad.

NEURAL Neu"ral, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: relating to the nerves or nervous system; taining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis; — opposed to hemal. As applied to vertebrates, neural is the same as dorsal; as applied to invertebrates it is usually the same as ventral. Cf. Hemal. Neural arch (Anat.), the cartilaginous or bony arch on the dorsal side of the centrum of the vertebra in a segment of the spinal skeleton, usually inclosing a segment of the spinal cord.