S (continued 30)

SUBCORDATE Sub*cor"date, a.

Defn: Somewhat cordate; somewhat like a heart in shape.

SUBCORNEOUS Sub*cor"ne*ous, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under a horny part or layer. (b) Partially horny.

SUBCOSTAL Sub*cos"tal, a. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated below the costas, or ribs; as, the subcostal muscles.

Note: The subcostal muscles are distinct from, and within, the intercostal.

SUBCOSTAL Sub*cos"tal, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A subcostal muscle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the principal nervures of the wings of an insect. It is situated next beneath or behind the costal. See Nervure.

SUBCRANIAL Sub*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the cranium; facial.

SUBCRUSTACEOUS Sub`crus*ta"ceous, a.

Defn: Occurring beneath a crust or scab; as, a subcrustaceous cicatrization.

SUBCRYSTALLINE Sub*crys"tal*line, a.

Defn: Imperfectly crystallized.

SUBCULTRATE; SUBCULTRATED Sub*cul"trate, Sub*cul"tra*ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a form resembling that of a colter, or straight on one side and curved on the other.

SUBCUTANEOUS Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Situated under the skin; hypodermic. — Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. Subcutaneous operation (Surg.), an operation performed without opening that part of the skin opposite to, or over, the internal section.

SUBCUTICULAR Sub`cu*tic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the cuticle, or scarfskin.

SUBCYLINDRICAL; SUBCYLINDRIC Sub`cy*lin"dric*al, Sub`cy*lin"dric, a.

Defn: Imperfectly cylindrical; approximately cylindrical.

SUBDEACON Sub*dea"con, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + deacon: cf. L. subdiaconus.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One belonging to an order in the Roman Catholic Church, next interior to the order of deacons; also, a member of a minor order in the Greek Church.

SUBDEACONRY; SUBDEACONSHIP Sub*dea"con*ry, Sub*dea"con*ship, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The order or office of subdeacon.

SUBDEAN Sub"dean`, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + dean: cf. F. sousdoyen.]

Defn: An under dean; the deputy or substitute of a dean. Ayliffe.

SUBDEANERY Sub*dean"er*y, n.

Defn: Office or rank of subdean.

SUBDECANAL Sub*dec"a*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subdean or subdeanery.

SUBDECUPLE Sub*dec"u*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of ten.

SUBDELEGATE Sub*del"e*gate, n.

Defn: A subordinate delegate, or one with inferior powers.

SUBDELEGATE Sub*del"e*gate, v. t.

Defn: To appoint to act as subdelegate, or as a subordinate; to depete.

SUBDENTED Sub*dent"ed, a.

Defn: Indented beneath.

SUBDEPARTMENT Sub`de*part"ment, n.

Defn: A subordinate department; a bureau. See the Note under Bureau.

SUBDEPOSIT Sub`de*pos"it, n.

Defn: That which is deposited beneath something else.

SUBDERISORIOUS Sub`der*i*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. derisorius. See Derisory.]

Defn: Ridiculing with moderation. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SUBDERIVATIVE Sub`de*riv"a*tive, n.

Defn: A word derived from a derivative, and not directly from the root; as, "friendliness" is a subderivative, being derived from "friendly", which is in turn a derivative from "friend."

SUBDIACONATE Sub`di*ac"o*nate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subdeacon, or to the office or rank of a subdeacon.

SUBDIACONATE Sub`di*ac"o*nate, n.

Defn: The office or rank of a subdeacon.

SUBDIAL Sub*di"al, a. Etym: [L. subdialis in the open air.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the open air; being under the open sky. [R.] N. Bacon.

SUBDIALECT Sub*di"a*lect, n.

Defn: A subordinate dialect.

SUBDICHOTOMY Sub`di*chot"o*my, n.

Defn: A subordinate, or inferior, division into parts; a subdivision. [R.] Many subdichatomies of petty schisms. Milton.

SUBDILATED Sub`di*lat"ed, a.

Defn: Partially dilated.

SUBDITITIOUS Sub`di*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. subdititius, subditicius, fr. subdere to substitute.]

Defn: Put secretly in the place of something else; foisted in. [R.]

SUBDIVERSIFY Sub`di*ver"si*fy, v. t.

Defn: To diversify aggain what is already diversified. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

SUBDIVIDE Sub`di*vide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdivided; p. pr. & vb. n. Subdividing.] Etym: [L. subdividere, sub under + dividere to divide. See Divide.]

Defn: To divide the parts of (anything) into more parts; to part into smaller divisions; to divide again, as what has already been divided. The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and those colonies were subdivided into many others. Dryden.

SUBDIVIDE Sub`di*vide", v. i.

Defn: To be, or to become, subdivided.

SUBDIVINE Sub`di*vine", a.

Defn: Partaking of divinity; divine in a partial or lower degree. Bp. Hall.

SUBDIVISIBLE Sub`di*vis"i*ble, a.

Defn: Susceptible of subdivision.

SUBDIVISION Sub`di*vi"sion, n. Etym: [L. subdivisio: cf. F. subdivision.]

1. The act of subdividing, or separating a part into smaller parts.

2. A part of a thing made by subdividing. In the decimal table, the subdivision of the cubit, as span, palm, and digit, are deduced from the shorter cubit. Arbuthnot.

SUBDOLOUS Sub"do*lous, a. Etym: [L. subdolus, sub + dolus deceit.]

Defn: Sly; crafty; cunning; artful. [R.]

SUBDOMINANT Sub*dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The fourth tone above, or fifth below, the tonic; — so called as being under the dominant.

SUBDUABLE Sub*du"a*ble, a.

Defn: Able to be subdued.

SUBDUAL Sub*du"al, n.

Defn: Act of subduing. Bp. Warburton.

SUBDUCE; SUBDUCT Sub*duce", Sub*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. subducere, subductum; sub under + ducere to lead, to draw. See Duke, and cf. Subdue.]

1. To withdraw; to take away. Milton.

2. To subtract by arithmetical operation; to deduct. If, out of that infinite multitude of antecedent generations, we should subduce ten. Sir M. Hale.

SUBDUCTION Sub*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. subductio.]

1. The act of subducting or taking away. Bp. Hall.

2. Arithmetical subtraction. Sir M. Hale.

SUBDUE Sub*due", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdued; p. pr. & vb. n. Subduing.] Etym: [OE. soduen, OF. sosduire to seduce, L. subtus below (fr. sub under) + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Subduct.]

1. To bring under; to conquer by force or the exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce under dominion; to vanquish. I will subdue all thine enemies. 1 Chron. xvii. 10.

2. To overpower so as to disable from further resistance; to crush. Nothing could have subdued nature To such a lowness, but his unkind daughters. Shak. If aught . . . were worthy to subdue The soul of man. Milton.

3. To destroy the force of; to overcome; as, medicines subdue a fever.

4. To render submissive; to bring under command; to reduce to mildness or obedience; to tame; as, to subdue a stubborn child; to subdue the temper or passions.

5. To overcome, as by persuasion or other mild means; as, to subdue opposition by argument or entreaties.

6. To reduce to tenderness; to melt; to soften; as, to subdue ferocity by tears.

7. To make mellow; to break, as land; also, to destroy, as weeds.

8. To reduce the intensity or degree of; to tone down; to soften; as, to subdue the brilliancy of colors.

Syn. — To conquer; overpower; overcome; surmount; vanquish. See Conquer.

SUBDUED Sub*dued", a.

1. Conquered; overpowered; crushed; submissive; mild.

2. Not glaring in color; soft in tone.

SUBDUEMENT Sub*due"ment, n.

Defn: Subdual. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBDUER Sub*du"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, subdues; a conqueror. Spenser.

SUBDULCID Sub*dul"cid, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. dulcis sweet.]

Defn: Somewhat sweet; sweetish. [R.]

SUBDUPLE Sub"du*ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Indicating one part of two; in the ratio of one to two. Subduple ratio, the ratio of 1 to 2: thus, 3:6 is a subduple ratio, as 6:3 is a duple ratio.

SUBDUPLICATE Sub*du"pli*cate, a. (Math.)

Defn: Expressed by the square root; — said of ratios. Subduplicate ratio, the ratio of the square roots, or the square root of a ratio; thus, the subduplicate ratio of a to b is *a to *b, or *a/b.

SUBDURAL Sub*du"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the dura mater, or between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane.

SUBEDITOR Sub*ed"i*tor, n.

Defn: An assistant editor, as of a periodical or journal.

SUBELONGATE Sub`e*lon"gate, a.

Defn: Not fully elongated; somewhat elongated.

SUBENDOCARDIAL Sub*en`do*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the endocardium.

SUBENDYMAL Sub*en"dy*mal, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + endyma.]

Defn: Situated under the endyma.

SUBEPIDERMAL Sub*ep`i*der"mal, a.

Defn: Situated immediately below the epidermis.

SUBEPIGLOTTIC Sub*ep`i*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the epiglottis.

SUBEPITHELIAL Sub*ep`i*the"li*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the epithelium.

SUBEQUAL Sub*e"qual, a.

Defn: Nearly equal.

SUBERATE Su"ber*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subérate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of suberic acid.

SUBEREOUS Su*be"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. subereus of the cork tree.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to cork; of the nature of cork; suberose.

SUBERIC Su*ber"ic, a. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subéreque.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to cork; specifically, designating an acid, C

SUBERIN Su"ber*in, n. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subérine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A material found in the cell walls of cork. It is a modification of lignin.

SUBERITE Su"ber*ite, n. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any sponge of the genus Suberites and allied genera. These sponges have a fine and compact texture, and contain minute siliceous spicules.

SUBERIZATION Su`ber*i*za"tion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Conversion of the cell walls into cork tissue by development of suberin; — commonly taking place in exposed tissues, as when a callus forms over a wound. Suberized cell walls are impervious to water.

SUBERIZE Su"ber*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.] [L. suber cork.] (Bot.)

Defn: To effect suberization of.

SUBERONE Su"ber*one, n. (Chem.) (a) The hypothetical ketone of suberic acid. (b) A colorless liquid, analogous suberone proper, having a pleasant peppermint odor. It is obtained by the distillation of calcium suberate.

SUBEROSE; SUBEROUS Su"ber*ose`, Su"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subéreux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a corky texture.

SUBESOPHAGEAL Sub*e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated beneath the esophagus. [Written also suboesophageal.] Subesophageal ganglion (Zoöl.), a large special ganglion situated beneath the esophagus of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.

SUBFAMILY Sub*fam"i*ly, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the subdivisions, of more importance than genus, into which certain families are divided.

SUBFIBROUS Sub*fi"brous, a.

Defn: Somewhat fibrous.

SUBFUSCOUS Sub*fus"cous, a. Etym: [L. subfuscus, suffuscus. See Sub-, and Fuscous.]

Defn: Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.

SUBFUSK Sub*fusk", a.

Defn: Subfuscous. [Obs.] Tatler.

SUBGELATINOUS Sub`ge*lat"i*nous, a.

Defn: Imperfectly or partially gelatinous.

SUBGENERIC Sub`ge*ner"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subgenus.

SUBGENUS Sub*ge"nus, n.; pl. Subgenera (. (Biol.)

Defn: A subdivision of a genus, comprising one or more species which differ from other species of the genus in some important character or characters; as, the azaleas now constitute a subgenus of Rhododendron.

SUBGLACIAL Sub*gla"cial, a.

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the under side of a glacier; being beneath a glacier; as, subglacial streams.

SUBGLOBOSE Sub`glo*bose", a.

Defn: Not quite globose.

SUBGLOBULAR Sub*glob"u*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly globular.

SUBGLOSSAL Sub*glos"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the tongue; sublingual.

SUBGLOTTIC Sub*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated below the glottis; — applied to that part of the cavity of the larynx below the true vocal cords.

SUBGLUMACEOUS Sub`glu*ma"ceous, a.

Defn: Somewhat glumaceous.

SUBGOVERNOR Sub*gov"ern*or, n.

Defn: A subordinate or assistant governor.

SUBGRANULAR Sub*gran"u*lar, a.

Defn: Somewhat granular.

SUBGROUP Sub"group`, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A subdivision of a group, as of animals. Darwin.

SUBHASTATION Sub`has*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subhastatio.]

Defn: A public sale or auction. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

SUBHEPATIC Sub`he*pat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the liver; — applied to the interlobular branches of the portal vein.

SUBHORNBLENDIC Sub`horn*blend"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Containing hornblende in a scattered state; of or relating to rocks containing disseminated hornblende.

SUBHUMERATE Sub*hu"mer*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Sub-, Humerus.]

Defn: To place the shoulders under; to bear. [Obs.] Nothing surer ties a friend than freely to subhumerate the burden which was his. Feltham.

SUBHYALOID Sub*hy"a*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the hyaliod membrane.

SUBHYOIDEAN Sub`hy*oid"e*an, a. (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Situated or performed beneath the hyoid bone; as, subhyoidean laryngotomy.

SUBIMAGO Sub`i*ma"go, n. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Imago.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stage in the development of certain insects, such as the May flies, intermediate between the pupa and imago. In this stage, the insect is able to fly, but subsequently sheds a skin before becoming mature. Called also pseudimago.

SUBINCUSATION Sub*in`cu*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. incusatio accusation, fr. incusare to accuse.]

Defn: A slight charge or accusation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SUBINDEX Sub*in"dex, n.; pl. Subindices (. (Math.)

Defn: A number or mark placed opposite the lower part of a letter or symbol to distinguish the symbol; thus, a0, b1, c2, xn, have 0, 1, 2, and n as subindices.

SUBINDICATE Sub*in"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sub + indicate: cf. L. subindicare.]

Defn: To indicate by signs or hints; to indicate imperfectly. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SUBINDICATION Sub*in`di*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of indicating by signs; a slight indication. [R.] "The subindication and shadowing of heavenly things." Barrow.

SUBINDIVIDUAL Sub*in`di*vid"u*al, n.

Defn: A division of that which is individual. An individual can not branch itself into subindividuals. Milton.

SUBINDUCE Sub`in*duce", v. t.

Defn: To insinuate; to offer indirectly. [Obs.] Sir E. Dering.

SUBINFER Sub`in*fer", v. t. & i.

Defn: To infer from an inference already made. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SUBINFEUDATION Sub*in`feu*da"tion, n. (Law) (a) The granting of lands by inferior lords to their dependents, to be held by themselves by feudal tenure. Craig. (b) Subordinate tenancy; undertenancy. The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of subinfeudation, or undertenancy. Blackstone.

SUBINGRESSION Sub`in*gres"sion, n.

Defn: Secret entrance. [R.] Boyle.

SUBINTESTINAL Sub`in*tes"ti*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the intestine.

SUBINVOLUTION Sub*in`vo*lu"tion, n.

Defn: Partial or incomplete involution; as, subinvolution of the uterus.

SUBITANEOUS Sub`i*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subitaneus. See Sudden.]

Defn: Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Bullokar. — Sub`i*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

SUBITANY Sub"i*ta*ny, a.

Defn: Subitaneous; sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Hales.

SUBITO Su"bi*to, adv. Etym: [It. & L.] (Mus.)

Defn: In haste; quickly; rapidly.

SUBJACENT Sub*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. subjacens, p.pr. of subjacere to lie under; sub under + jacere to lie.]

1. Lying under or below.

2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath; as, hills and subjacent valleys.

SUBJECT Sub*ject", a. Etym: [OE. suget, OF. souzget, sougit (in which the first part is L. subtus below, fr. sub under), subgiet, subject, F. sujet, from L. subjectus lying under, subjected, p.p. of subjicere, subicere, to throw, lay, place, or bring under; sub under + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Placed under the power of another; specifically (International Law), owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain. Esau was never subject to Jacob. Locke.

3. Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to extreme heat; men subject to temptation. All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.

4. Obedient; submissive. Put them in mind to be subject to principalities. Titus iii. 1.

Syn. — Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed. See Liable.

SUBJECT Sub*ject", n. Etym: [From L. subjectus, through an old form of F. sujet. See Subject, a.]

1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or influence of something else.

2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United States. Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long and wish to be a subject. Shak. The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, human laws require it. Swift.

Note: In international law, the term subject is convertible with citizen.

3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of dissection.

4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or done. "This subject for heroic song." Milton. Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which . . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate. Dryden. The unhappy subject of these quarrels. Shak.

5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief character. Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject. C. Middleton.

6. (Logic & Gram.)

Defn: That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject of the verb. The subject of a proposition is that concerning which anything is affirmed or denied. I. Watts.

7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain; substance; substratum. That which manifests its qualities — in other words, that in which the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong — is called their subject or substance, or substratum. Sir W. Hamilton.

8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf. Object, n., 2. The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and appropriated this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their hands, the phrases conscious or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely the same thing. Sir W. Hamilton.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement is based. The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song. Rockstro.

10. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to represent.

SUBJECT Sub*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjected; p. pr. & vb. n. Subjecting.]

1. To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to subordinate; to subdue. Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason. C. Middleton. In one short view subjected to our eye, Gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties, lie. Pope. He is the most subjected, the most Locke.

2. To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity subjects a person to impositions.

3. To submit; to make accountable. God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts. Locke.

4. To make subservient. Subjected to his service angel wings. Milton.

5. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject a person to a rigid test.

SUBJECTED Sub*ject"ed, a.

1. Subjacent. "Led them direct . . . to the subjected plain." [Obs.] Milton.

2. Reduced to subjection; brought under the dominion of another.

3. Exposed; liable; subject; obnoxious.

SUBJECTION Sub*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. subjectio: cf. OF. subjection, F. subjétion. See Subject, a.]

1. The act of subjecting, or of bringing under the dominion of another; the act of subduing. The conquest of the kingdom, and subjection of the rebels. Sir M. Hale.

2. The state of being subject, or under the power, control, and government of another; a state of obedience or submissiveness; as, the safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection to the laws. "To be bound under subjection." Chaucer. Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands. 1 Peter iii. 1. Because the subjection of the body to the will is by natural necessity, the subjection of the will unto God voluntary, we stand in need of direction after what sort our wills and desires may be rightly conformed to His. Hooker.

SUBJECTIST Sub"ject*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One skilled in subjective philosophy; a subjectivist.

SUBJECTIVE Sub*jec"tive, a. Etym: [L. subjectivus: cf. F. subjectif.]

1. Of or pertaining to a subject.

2. Especially, pertaining to, or derived from, one's own consciousness, in distinction from external observation; ralating to the mind, or intellectual world, in distinction from the outward or material excessively occupied with, or brooding over, one's own internal states.

Note: In the philosophy of the mind, subjective denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, the ego; objective, what belongs to the object of thought, the non-ego. See Objective, a., 2. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. (Lit. & Art)

Defn: Modified by, or making prominent, the individuality of a writer or an artist; as, a subjective drama or painting; a subjective writer.

Syn. — See Objective. Subjective sensation (Physiol.), one of the sensations occurring when stimuli due to internal causes excite the nervous apparatus of the sense organs, as when a person imagines he sees figures which have no objective reality. — Sub*jec"tive*ly, adv. — Sub*jec"tive*ness, n.

SUBJECTIVISM Sub*jec"tiv*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: Any philosophical doctrine which refers all knowledge to, and founds it upon, any subjective states; egoism.

SUBJECTIVIST Sub*jec"tiv*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who holds to subjectivism; an egoist.

SUBJECTIVITY Sub`jec*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subjective; character of the subject.

SUBJECTLESS Sub"ject*less, a.

Defn: Having no subject.

SUBJECT-MATTER Sub"ject-mat`ter, n.

Defn: The matter or thought presented for consideration in some statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or study. As to the subject-matter, words are always to be understood as having a regard thereto. Blackstone. As science makes progress in any subject-matter, poetry recedes from it. J. H. Newman.

SUBJECTNESS Sub"ject*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being subject. [R.]

SUBJICIBLE Sub*jic"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subjected. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SUBJOIN Sub*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjoined; p. pr. & vb. n. Subjoining.] Etym: [Cf. OF. subjoindre, L. subjungere. See Sub-, and Join, and cf. Subjective.]

Defn: To add after something else has been said or written; to ANNEX; as, to subjoin an argument or reason.

Syn. — To add; annex; join; unite.

SUBJOINDER Sub*join"der, n.

Defn: An additional remark. [R.]

SUB JUDICE Sub ju"di*ce. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Before the judge, or court; not yet decided; under judicial consideration.

SUBJUGATE Sub"ju*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjugated; p. pr. & vb. n. Subjugating.] Etym: [L. subjugatus, p.p. of subjugare to subjugate; sub under + jugum a yoke. See Yoke.]

Defn: To subdue, and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government or absolute control of another; to vanquish. He subjugated a king, and called him his "vassal." Baker.

Syn. — To conquer; subdue; overcome. See Conquer.

SUBJUGATION Sub`ju*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subjugation, LL. subjugatio.]

Defn: The act of subjugating, or the state of being subjugated.

SUBJUGATOR Sub"ju*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who subjugates; a conqueror.

SUBJUNCTION Sub*junc"tion, n. Etym: [See Subjunctive.]

1. Act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.

2. Something subjoined; as, a subjunction to a sentence.

SUBJUNCTIVE Sub*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. subjunctivus, fr. subjungere, subjunctum, to subjoin: cf. F. subjonctif. See Subjoin.]

Defn: Subjoined or added to something before said or written. Subjunctive mood (Gram.), that form of a verb which express the action or state not as a fact, but only as a conception of the mind still contingent and dependent. It is commonly subjoined, or added as subordinate, to some other verb, and in English is often connected with it by if, that, though, lest, unless, except, until, etc., as in the following sentence: "If there were no honey, they [bees] would have no object in visiting the flower." Lubbock. In some languages, as in Latin and Greek, the subjunctive is often independent of any other verb, being used in wishes, commands, exhortations, etc.

SUBJUNCTIVE Sub*junc"tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The subjunctive mood; also, a verb in the subjunctive mood.

SUBKINGDOM Sub*king"dom, n.

Defn: One of the several primary divisions of either the animal, or vegetable kingdom, as, in zoölogy, the Vertebrata, Tunicata, Mollusca, Articulata, Molluscoidea, Echinodermata, Coelentera, and the Protozoa; in botany, the Phanerogamia, and the Cryptogamia.

SUBLAPSARIAN Sub`lap*sa"ri*an, n. & a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lapse: cf. F. sublapsarien, sublapsarie.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Same as Infralapsarian.

SUBLAPSARIANISM Sub`lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Infralapsarianism.

SUBLAPSARY Sub*lap"sa*ry, a.

Defn: Sublapsarian. Johnson.

SUBLATE Sub"late, v. t. Etym: [From sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take away. See Tolerate.]

Defn: To take or carry away; to remove. [R.] E. Hall.

SUBLATION Sub*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublatio, fr. sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take away.]

Defn: The act of taking or carrying away; removal. [R.] Bp. Hall.

SUBLATIVE Sub"la*tive, a.

Defn: Having power, or tending, to take away. [R.] Harris.

SUBLEASE Sub"lease`, n. (Law)

Defn: A lease by a tenant or lessee to another person; an underlease. Bouvier.

SUBLESSEE Sub`les*see", n.

Defn: A holder of a sublease.

SUBLET Sub*let", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublet; p. pr. & vb. n. Subletting.]

Defn: To underlet; to lease, as when a lessee leases to another person.

SUBLEVATION Sub`le*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublevare to lift up; sub under + levare to lift, raise: cf. L. sublevatio an allevation.]

1. The act of raising on high; elevation. Sir T. More.

2. An uprising; an insurrection. [R.] Sir W. Temple.

SUBLIBRARIAN Sub`li*bra"ri*an, n.

Defn: An under or assistant librarian.

SUBLIEUTENANT Sub`lieu*ten"ant, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + lieutenant: cf. F. sous- lieutenant.]

Defn: An inferior or second lieutenant; in the British service, a commissioned officer of the lowest rank.

SUBLIGATION Sub`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. subligatio, from subligare to bind below; sub under + ligare to bind.]

Defn: The act of binding underneath. [R.]

SUBLIMABLE Sub*lim"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sublimable. See Sublime., v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being sublimed or sublimated. — Sub*lim"a*ble*ness, n. Boyle.

SUBLIMATE Sub"li*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sublimating.] Etym: [L. sublimatus, p.p. of sublimare to raise, elevate, fr. sublimis high: cf. F. sublimer. See Sublime, a., and cf. Surlime, v. t.]

1. To bring by heat into the state of vapor, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state; as, to sublimate sulphur or camphor.

2. To refine and exalt; to heighten; to elevate. The precepts of Christianity are . . . so apt to cleanse and sublimate the more gross and corrupt. Dr. H. More.

SUBLIMATE Sub"li*mate, n. Etym: [LL. sublimatum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A product obtained by sublimation; hence, also, a purified product so obtained. Corrosive sublimate. (Chem.) See under Corrosive.

SUBLIMATE Sub"li*mate, a. Etym: [LL. sublimatus.]

Defn: Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and again condensed as a solid.

SUBLIMATED Sub"li*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Refined by, or as by, sublimation; exalted; purified. [Words] whose weight best suits a sublimated strain. Dryden.

SUBLIMATION Sub"li*ma`tion, n. Etym: [LL. sublimatio: cf. F. sublimation.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of subliming, or the state or result of being sublimed.

2. The act of heightening or improving; exaltation; elevation; purification.

3. That which is sublimed; the product of a purifying process. Religion is the perfection, refinement, and sublimation of morality. South.

SUBLIMATORY Sub"li*ma*to*ry, a.

Defn: Used for sublimation; as, sublimatory vessels. Boyle.

SUBLIMATORY Sub"li*ma*to*ry, n.

Defn: A vessel used for sublimation. Vials, crosslets, and sublimatories. Chaucer.

SUBLIME Sub*lime", a. [Compar. Sublimer; superl. Sublimest.] Etym: [L. sublimis; sub under + (perhaps) a word akin to limen lintel, sill, thus meaning, up to the lintel: cf. F. sublime. Cf. Eliminate.]

1. Lifted up; high in place; exalted aloft; uplifted; lofty. Sublime on these a tower of steel is reared. Dryden.

2. Distinguished by lofty or noble traits; eminent; — said of persons. "The sublime Julian leader." De Quincey.

3. Awakening or expressing the emotion of awe, adoration, veneration, heroic resolve, etc.; dignified; grand; solemn; stately; — said of an impressive object in nature, of an action, of a discourse, of a work of art, of a spectacle, etc.; as, sublime scenery; a sublime deed. Easy in words thy style, in sense sublime. Prior. Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow.

4. Elevated by joy; elate. [Poetic] Their hearts were jocund and sublime, Drunk with idolatry, drunk with wine. Milton.

5. Lofty of mien; haughty; proud. [Poetic] "Countenance sublime and insolent." Spenser. His fair, large front and eye sublime declared Absolute rule. Milton.

Syn. — Exalted; lofty; noble; majestic. See Grand.

SUBLIME Sub*lime", n.

Defn: That which is sublime; — with the definite article; as: (a) A grand or lofty style in speaking or writing; a style that expresses lofty conceptions. The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phrase. Addison.

(b) That which is grand in nature or art, as distinguished from the merely beautiful.

SUBLIME Sub*lime", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Subliming.] Etym: [Cf. L. sublimare, F. sublimer to subject to sublimation. See Sublime, a., and cf. Sublimate, v. t.]

1. To raise on high. [Archaic] A soul sublimed by an idea above the region of vanity and conceit. E. P. Whipple.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to the process of sublimation; to heat, volatilize, and condense in crystals or powder; to distill off, and condense in solid form; hence, also, to purify.

3. To exalt; to heighten; to improve; to purify. The sun . . . Which not alone the southern wit sublimes, But ripens spirits in cold, northern climes. Pope.

4. To dignify; to ennoble. An ordinary gift can not sublime a person to a supernatural employment. Jer. Taylor.

SUBLIME Sub*lime", v. i. (Chem.)

Defn: To pass off in vapor, with immediate condensation; specifically, to evaporate or volatilize from the solid state without apparent melting; — said of those substances, like arsenic, benzoic acid, etc., which do not exhibit a liquid form on heating, except under increased pressure.

SUBLIMED Sub*limed", a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having been subjected to the process of sublimation; hence, also, purified. "Sublimed mercurie." Chaucer.

SUBLIMELY Sub*lime"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sublime manner.

SUBLIMENESS Sub*lime"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sublime; sublimity.

SUBLIMIFICATION Sub*lim`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublimis sublime + -ficare to make. See -ry.]

Defn: The act of making sublime, or state of being made sublime.

SUBLIMINAL Sub*lim"i*nal, a. [Pref. sub-+ L. limen threshold.] (Philos.)

Defn: Existing in the mind, but below the surface or threshold of consciousness; that is, existing as feeling rather than as clear ideas.

SUBLIMITY Sub*lim"i*ty, n.; pl. Sublimities. Etym: [L. sublimitas: cf. F. sublimité.]

1. The quality or state of being sublime (in any sense of the adjective).

2. That which is sublime; as, the sublimities of nature.

Syn. — Grandeur; magnificence. — Sublimity, Grandeur. The mental state indicated by these two words is the same, namely, a mingled emotion of astonishment and awe. In speaking of the quality which produces this emotion, we call it grandeur when it springs from what is vast in space, power, etc.; we call it sublimity when it springs from what is elevated far above the ordinary incidents of humanity. An immense plain is grand. The heavens are not only grand, but sublime (as the predominating emotion), from their immense height. Exalted intellect, and especially exalted virtue under severe trials, give us the sense of moral sublimity, as in the case of our Savior in his prayer for his murderers. We do not speak of Satan, when standing by the fiery gulf, with his "unconquerable will and study of revenge," as a sublime object; but there is a melancholy grandeur thrown around him, as of an "archangel ruined."

SUBLINEATION Sub*lin`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: A mark of a line or lines under a word in a sentence, or under another line; underlining.

SUBLINGUA Sub*lin"gua, n.; pl. Sublinguæ. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process or fold below the tongue in some animals.

SUBLINGUAL Sub*lin"gual, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lingual: cf. F. sublingual.] (Anat.) (a) Situated under the tongue; as, the sublingual gland. (b) Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland; as, sublingual salvia.

SUBLITION Sub*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublinere, sublitum, to smear, to lay on as a ground color.] (Paint.)

Defn: The act or process of laying the ground in a painting. [R.]

SUBLITTORAL Sub*lit"to*ral, a.

Defn: Under the shore. Smart.

SUBLOBULAR Sub*lob"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or at the bases of, the lobules of the liver.

SUBLUMBAR Sub*lum"bar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lumbar region of the vertebral column.

SUBLUNAR; SUBLUNARY Sub*lu"nar, Sub"lu*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lunar, or lunary: cf. F. sublunaire.]

Defn: Situated beneath the moon; hence, of or pertaining to this world; terrestrial; earthly. All things sublunary are subject to change. Dryden. All sublunary comforts imitate the changeableness, as well as feel the influence, of the planet they are under. South.

SUBLUNARY Sub"lu*na*ry, n.

Defn: Any worldly thing. [Obs.]

SUBLUXATION Sub`lux*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + luxation: cf. F. subluxation.] (Surg.)

Defn: An incomplete or partial dislocation.

SUBMAMMARY Sub*mam"ma*ry, a.

Defn: Situated under the mammæ; as, submammary inflammation.

SUBMARINE Sub`ma*rine", a.

Defn: Being, acting, or growing, under water in the sea; as, submarine navigators; submarine plants. Submarine armor, a waterproof dress of strong material, having a helmet into which air for breathing is pumped through a tube leading from above the surface to enable a diver to remain under water. — Submarine cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. — Submarine mine. See Torpedo, 2 (a).

SUBMARINE Sub*ma*rine", n.

Defn: A submarine plant or animal.

SUBMARSHAL Sub*mar"shal, n.

Defn: An under or deputy marshal.

SUBMAXILLARY Sub*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under the maxilla, or lower jaw; inframaxillary; as, the submaxillary gland. (b) Of or pertaining to submaxillary gland; as, submaxillary salvia.

SUBMEDIAL Sub*me"di*al, a.

Defn: Lying under the middle.

SUBMEDIAN Sub*me"di*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Next to the median (on either side); as, the submedian teeth of mollusks.

SUBMEDIANT Sub*me"di*ant, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The sixth tone of the scale; the under mediant, or third below the keynote; the superdominant.

SUBMENTAL Sub*men"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the chin; as, the submental artery.

SUBMENTUM Sub*men"tum, n.; pl. Submenta. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Mentum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The basal part of the labium of insects. It bears the mentum.

SUBMERGE Sub*merge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submerged; p. pr. & vb. n. Submerging.] Etym: [L. submergere, submersum; sub under + mergere to plunge: cf. F. submerger. See Merge.]

1. To put under water; to plunge.

2. To cover or overflow with water; to inundate; to flood; to drown. I would thou didst, So half my Egypt were submerged. Shak.

SUBMERGE Sub*merge", v. i.

Defn: To plunge into water or other fluid; to be buried or covered, as by a fluid; to be merged; hence, to be completely included. Some say swallows submerge in ponds. Gent. Mag.

SUBMERGENCE Sub*mer"gence, n. Etym: [From L. submergens, p.pr.]

Defn: The act of submerging, or the state of being submerged; submersion.

SUBMERSE Sub*merse", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Submersed.

SUBMERSED Sub*mersed", a. Etym: [L. submersus, p.p. of submergere. See Submerge.]

Defn: Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.

SUBMERSION Sub*mer"sion, n. Etym: [L. submersio: cf. F. submersion.]

1. The act of submerging, or putting under water or other fluid, or of causing to be overflowed; the act of plunging under water, or of drowning.

2. The state of being put under water or other fluid, or of being overflowed or drowned.

SUBMETALLIC Sub`me*tal"lic, a.

Defn: Imperfectly metallic; as, a submetallic luster.

SUBMINISTER Sub*min"is*ter, v. t. Etym: [L. subministrare, subministratum. See Sub-, and Ministre, v. t.]

Defn: To supply; to afford. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

SUBMINISTER Sub*min"is*ter, v. i.

Defn: To be subservient; to be useful. [Obs.] "Our passions . . . subminister to the best and worst purposes." L'EStrange.

SUBMINISTRANT Sub*min"is*trant, a. Etym: [L. subministrans, p.pr.]

Defn: Subordinate; subservient. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBMINISTRATE Sub*min"is*trate, v. t. Etym: [See Subminister.]

Defn: To supply; to afford; to subminister. [Obs.] Harvey.

SUBMINISTRATION Sub*min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. subministratio.]

Defn: The act of subministering. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SUBMISS Sub*miss", a. Etym: [L. submissus, p.p. of submittere to let down, to lower. See Submit.]

1. Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Archaic] "Soft Silence and submiss Obedience." Spenser. "Stooping and submiss." R. L. Stevenson.

2. Gentle; soft; calm; as, submiss voices. [R.]

SUBMISSION Sub*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. submissio a letting down, lowering: cf. F. soumission.]

1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority; surrender of the person and power to the control or government of another; obedience; compliance. Submission, dauphin! 't is a mere French word; We English warrious wot not what it means. Shak.

2. The state of being submissive; acknowledgement of inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior; meekness; resignation. In all submission and humility York doth present himself unto your highness. Shak. No duty in religion is more justly required by God . . . than a perfect submission to his will in all things. Sir W. Temple.

3. Acknowledgement of a fault; confession of error. Be not as extreme in submission As in offense. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: An agreement by which parties engage to submit any matter of controversy between them to the decision of arbitrators. Wharton (Law Dict.). Bouvier.

SUBMISSIVE Sub*mis"sive, a.

1. Inclined or ready to submit; acknowledging one's inferiority; yielding; obedient; humble. Not at his feet submissive in distress, Creature so fair his reconcilement seeking. Milton.

2. Showing a readiness to submit; expressing submission; as, a submissive demeanor. With a submissive step I hasted down. Prior.

Syn. — Obedient; compliant; yielding; obsequious; subservient; humble; modest; passive. — Sub*mis"sive*ly, adv. — Sub*mis"sive*ness, n.

SUBMISSLY Sub*miss"ly, adv.

Defn: In a submissive manner; with a submission. [Archaic] Jer. Taylor.

SUBMISSNESS Sub*miss"ness, n.

Defn: Submissiveness. [Obs.]

SUBMIT Sub*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Submitting.] Etym: [L. submittere; sub under + mittere to send: cf. F. soumettre. See Missile.]

1. To let down; to lower. [Obs.] Sometimes the hill submits itself a while. Dryden.

2. To put or place under. The bristled throat Of the submitted sacrifice with ruthless steel he cut. Chapman.

3. To yield, resign, or surrender to power, will, or authority; — often with the reflexive pronoun. Ye ben submitted through your free assent. Chaucer. The angel of the Lord said unto her, Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hands. Gen. xvi. 9. Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands. Eph. v. 22.

4. To leave or commit to the discretion or judgment of another or others; to refer; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court; — often followed by a dependent proposition as the object. Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear a heavy burden, is submitted to the house. Swift. We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because they never heard of the differential calculus. Macaulay.

SUBMIT Sub*mit", v. i.

1. To yield one's person to the power of another; to give up resistance; to surrender. The revolted provinces presently submitted. C. Middleton.

2. To yield one's opinion to the opinion of authority of another; to be subject; to acquiesce. To thy husband's will Thine shall submit. Milton.

3. To be submissive or resigned; to yield without murmuring. Our religion requires from us . . . to submit to pain, disgrace, and even death. Rogers.

SUBMITTER Sub*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who submits. Whitlock.

SUBMONISH Sub*mon"ish, v. t. Etym: [L. submonere. See Summon, and -ish.]

Defn: To suggest; to prompt. [R.] "The submonishing inclinations of my senses." T. Granger.

SUBMONITION Sub`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [LL. submonitio.]

Defn: Suggestion; prompting. [R.] T. Granger.

SUBMUCOUS Sub*mu"cous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a mucous membrane.

SUBMULTIPLE Sub*mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.)

Defn: A number or quality which is contained in another an exact number of times, or is an aliquot part of it; thus, 7 is the submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times.

SUBMULTIPLE Sub*mul"ti*ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a submultiple; being a submultiple; as, a submultiple number; submultiple ratio.

SUBMUSCULAR Sub*mus"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Situated underneath a muscle or muscles.

SUBNARCOTIC Sub`nar*cot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Moderately narcotic.

SUBNASAL Sub*na"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the nose; as, the subnasal point, or the middle point of the inferior border of the anterior nasal aperture.

SUBNASCENT Sub*nas"cent, a. Etym: [L. subnascens, p.pr. of subnasci to grow under; sub under + nasci to be born.]

Defn: Growing underneath. [R.] Evelyn.

SUBNECT Sub*nect", v. t. Etym: [L. subnectere, subnextum; sub under + nectere to tie.]

Defn: To tie or fasten beneath; to join beneath. [R.] Pope.

SUBNEX Sub*nex", v. t. Etym: [See Subnect.]

Defn: To subjoin; to subnect. [Obs.] Holland.

SUBNORMAL Sub*nor"mal, n. (Geom.)

Defn: That part of the axis of a curved line which is intercepted between the ordinate and the normal.

SUBNOTATION Sub`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subnotatio a signing underneath, fr. subnotare to subscribe; sub under + notare to note or mark.]

Defn: A rescript. Bouvier.

SUBNOTOCHORDAL Sub*no`to*chor"dal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated on the ventral side of the notochord; as, the subnotochordal rod.

SUBNUVOLAR Sub*nu"vo*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + It. nuvola cloud: cf. L. subnubilus somewhat cloudy.]

Defn: Under the clouds; attended or partly covered or obscured by clouds; somewhat cloudy. [R. & Poetic] Subnuvolar lights of evening sharply slant. Milnes.

SUBOBSCURELY Sub`ob*scure"ly, adv.

Defn: Somewhat obscurely or darkly. [R.] Donne.

SUBOBTUSE Sub`ob*tuse", a.

Defn: Partially obtuse.

SUBOCCIPITAL Sub`oc*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or posterior to, the occiput; as, the suboccipital, or first cervical, nerve.

SUBOCTAVE; SUBOCTUPLE Sub*oc"tave, Sub*oc"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of eight; having the ratio of one to eight. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBOCULAR Sub*oc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + ocular: cf. L. subocularis.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the eye.

SUBOFFICER Sub*of"fi*cer, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + officer: cf. F. sous-officer.]

Defn: An under or subordinate officer.

SUBOPERCULAR Sub`o*per"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated below the operculum; pertaining to the suboperculum. — n.

Defn: The suboperculum.

SUBOPERCULUM Sub`o*per"cu*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, Operculum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The lower opercular bone in fishes.

SUBORBICULAR; SUBORBICULATE Sub`or*bic"u*lar, Sub`or*bic"u*late, a.

Defn: Almost orbiculate or orbicular.

SUBORBITAL; SUBORBITAR Sub*or"bit*al, Sub*or"bit*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under or below the orbit.

SUBORDER Sub*or"der, n. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A division of an order; a group of genera of a little lower rank than an order and of greater importance than a tribe or family; as, cichoraceous plants form a suborder of Compositæ.

SUBORDINACY Sub*or"di*na*cy, n. Etym: [See Subordinate.]

Defn: The quality or state of being subordinate, or subject to control; subordination, as, to bring the imagination to act in subordinacy to reason. Spectator.

SUBORDINANCE; SUBORDINANCY Sub*or"di*nance, Sub*or"di*nan*cy, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. ordinans, p.pr. of ordinare. See Subordinate, a.]

Defn: Subordinacy; subordination. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Sir W. Temple.

SUBORDINARY Sub*or"di*na*ry, n. (Her.)

Defn: One of several heraldic bearings somewhat less common than an ordinary. See Ordinary.

Note: Different writers name different bearings as subordinaries, but the bar, bend, sinister, pile, inescutcheon bordure, gyron, and quarter, are always considered subordinaries by those who do not class them as ordinaries.

SUBORDINATE Sub*or"di*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. ordinatus, p.p. of ordinare to set in order, to arrange. See Ordain.]

1. Placed in a lower order, class, or rank; holding a lower or inferior position. The several kinds and subordinate species of each are easily distinguished. Woodward.

2. Inferior in order, nature, dignity, power, importance, or the like. It was subordinate, not enslaved, to the understanding. South.

SUBORDINATE Sub*or"di*nate, n.

Defn: One who stands in order or rank below another; — distinguished from a principal. Milton.

SUBORDINATE Sub*or"di*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subordinated; p. pr. & vb. n. Subordinating.]

1. To place in a lower order or class; to make or consider as of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another.

2. To make subject; to subject or subdue; as, to subordinate the passions to reason. — Sub*or"di*nate*ly, adv. — Sub*or"di*nate*ness, n.

SUBORDINATION Sub*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subordination.]

1. The act of subordinating, placing in a lower order, or subjecting.

2. The quality or state of being subordinate or inferior to an other; inferiority of rank or dignity; subjection. Natural creature having a local subordination. Holyday.

3. Place of inferior rank. Persons who in their several subordinations would be obliged to follow the example of their superiors. Swift.

SUBORDINATIVE Sub*or"di*na*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to subordinate; expressing subordination; used to introduce a subordinate sentence; as, a subordinative conjunction.

SUBORN Sub*orn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suborned; p. pr. & vb. n. Suborning.] Etym: [F. suborner, L. subornare; sub under, secretly + ornare to furnish, provide, equip, adorn. See Ornament.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To procure or cause to take a false oath amounting to perjury, such oath being actually taken. Sir W. O. Russell.

2. To procure privately, or by collusion; to procure by indirect means; to incite secretly; to instigate. Thou art suborned against his honor. Shak. Those who by despair suborn their death. Dryden.

SUBORNATION Sub`or*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. subornation.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act of suborning; the crime of procuring a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury. Blackstone.

2. The sin or offense of procuring one to do a criminal or bad action, as by bribes or persuasion. Foul subornation is predominant. Shak. The sort of chicanery attending the subornation of managers in the Leibnitz controversy. De Quinsey.

SUBORNER Sub*orn"er, n.

Defn: One who suborns or procures another to take, a false oath; one who procures another to do a bad action.

SUBOVAL Sub*o"val, a.

Defn: Somewhat oval; nearly oval.

SUBOVATE Sub*o"vate, a.

Defn: Nearly in the form of an egg, or of the section of an egg, but having the inferior extremity broadest; nearly ovate.

SUBOVATED Sub*o"va*ted, a.

Defn: Subovate. [R.]

SUBOXIDE Sub*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing a relatively small amount of oxygen, and less than the normal proportion; as, potassium suboxide, K4O.

SUBPEDUNCULAR Sub`pe*dun"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the peduncle; as, the subpeduncular lobe of the cerebellum.

SUBPEDUNCULATE Sub`pe*dun"cu*late, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Supported on, or growing from, a very short stem; having a short peduncle.

SUBPELLUCID Sub`pel*lu"cid, a.

Defn: Somewhat pellucid; nearly pellucid.

SUBPENA Sub*pe"na, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Subpoena.

SUBPENTANGULAR Sub`pen*tan"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost pentangular.

SUBPERICARDIAL Sub*per`i*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the cardiac pericardium.

SUBPERIOSTEAL Sub*per`i*os"te*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the periosteum. Subperiosteal operation (Surg.), a removal of bone effected without taking away the periosteum.

SUBPERITONEAL Sub*per`i*to"ne*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the peritoneal membrane.

SUBPETIOLAR Sub*pet"i*o*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Concealed within the base of the petiole, as the leaf buds of the plane tree.

SUBPLEURAL Sub*pleu"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the pleural membrane.

SUBPODOPHYLLOUS Sub*pod`o*phyl"lous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the podophyllous tissue of the horse's foot.

SUBPOENA Sub*poe"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sub under + poena punishment. See Pain.] (Law)

Defn: A writ commanding the attendance in court, as a witness, of the person on whom it is served, under a penalty; the process by which a defendant in equity is commanded to appear and answer the plaintiff's bill. [Written also subpena.] Subpoena ad testificandum (. Etym: [NL.] A writ used to procure the attendance of a witness for the purpose of testifying. — Subpoena duces tecum (. Etym: [NL.] A writ which requires a witness to attend and bring certain documents.

SUBPOENA Sub*poe"na, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subpoenaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Subpoenaing.] (Law)

Defn: To serve with a writ of subpoena; to command attendance in court by a legal writ, under a penalty in case of disobedience.

SUBPOENAL Sub*poe"nal, a.

Defn: Required or done under penalty. Gauden.

SUBPOLAR Sub*po"lar, a.

Defn: Situated below the poles.

SUBPOLYGONAL Sub`po*lyg"o*nal, a.

Defn: Approximately polygonal; somewhat or almost polygonal.

SUBPREHENSILE Sub`pre*hen"sile, a.

Defn: Somewhat prehensile; prehensile in an inferior degree.

SUBPRIOR Sub*pri"or, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + prior: cf. F. sous-prieur.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral officer who assists the prior.

SUBPUBIC Sub*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or posterior to, the pubic bones.

SUBPULMONARY Sub*pul"mo*na*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lungs.

SUBPURCHASER Sub*pur"chas*er, n.

Defn: A purchaser who buys from a purchaser; one who buys at second hand.

SUBPYRIFORM Sub*pyr"i*form, a.

Defn: Somewhat pyriform.

SUBQUADRATE Sub*quad"rate, a.

Defn: Nearly or approximately square; almost square.

SUBQUADRUPLE Sub*quad"ru*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of four; in the ratio of one to four; as, subquadruple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBQUINQUEFID Sub*quin"que*fid, a.

Defn: Almost quinquefid; nearly quinquefid.

SUBQUINTUPLE Sub*quin"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to five; as, subquintuple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBREADER Sub*read"er, n. (Law)

Defn: An under reader in the inns of court, who reads the texts of law the reader is to discourse upon. [Eng.] Crabb.

SUBRECTOR Sub*rec"tor, n.

Defn: An assistant restor. [Eng.]

SUBRELIGION Sub`re*li"gion, n.

Defn: A secondary religion; a belief or principle held in a quasi religious veneration. Loyalty is in the English a subreligion. Emerson.

SUBREPTION Sub*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. subreptio, fr. subripere, subreptum, to snatch or take away secretly: cf. F. subreption. See Surreptitious.]

Defn: The act of obtaining a favor by surprise, or by unfair representation through suppression or fraudulent concealment of facts. Bp. Hall.

SUBREPTITIOUS Sub`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. subreptitius. See Surreptitious.]

Defn: Surreptitious. [Obs.] — Sub`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.]

SUBREPTIVE Sub*rep"tive, a. Etym: [L. subreptivus.]

Defn: Surreptitious. [Obs.]

SUBRIGID Sub*rig"id, a.

Defn: Somewhat rigid or stiff.

SUBRIGUOUS Sub*rig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. subriguus; sub under + riguus watered, akin to rigare to water.]

Defn: Watered or wet beneath; well-watered. [Obs.] Blount.

SUBROGATE Sub"ro*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. subrogatus, p.p. of subrogare. See Surrogate.]

Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. Barrow.

SUBROGATION Sub`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subrogation, LL. subrogatio.]

Defn: The act of subrogating. Specifically: (Law)

Defn: The substitution of one person in the place of another as a creditor, the new creditor succeeding to the rights of the former; the mode by which a third person who pays a creditor succeeds to his rights against the debtor. Bouvier. Burrill. Abbott.

SUBROTUND Sub`ro*tund", a.

Defn: Somewhat rotund.

SUBSACRAL Sub*sa"cral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the sacrum.

SUBSALINE Sub`sa*line", a.

Defn: Moderately saline or salt.

SUBSALT Sub"salt`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A basic salt. See the Note under Salt.

SUBSANNATION Sub`san*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. subsannatio, fr. subsannare to deride by mimicking gestures.]

Defn: Derision; mockery. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

SUBSCAPULAR; SUBSCAPULARY Sub*scap"u*lar, Sub*scap"u*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the scapula; infrascapular; as, the subscapular muscle.

SUBSCRIBABLE Sub*scrib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subscribed. [R.]

SUBSCRIBE Sub*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subscribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Subscribing.] Etym: [L. subscribere, subscriptum; sub under + scribere to write: cf. F. souscrire. See Scribe.]

1. To write underneath, as one's name; to sign (one's name) to a document. [They] subscribed their names under them. Sir T. More.

2. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to, as something written, or to bind one's self to the terms of, by writing one's name beneath; as, parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond. All the bishops subscribed the sentence. Milman.

3. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers subscribe their official acts, and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies or records.

4. To promise to give, by writing one's name with the amount; as, each man subscribed ten dollars.

5. To sign away; to yield; to surrender. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To declare over one's signature; to publish. [Obs.] Either or must shortly hear from him, or I will subscribe him a coward. Shak.

SUBSCRIBE Sub*scribe", v. i.

1. To sign one's name to a letter or other document. Shak.

2. To give consent to something written, by signing one's name; hence, to assent; to agree. So spake, so wished, much humbled Eve; but Fate Subscribed not. Milton.

3. To become surely; — with for. [R.] Shak.

4. To yield; to admit one's self to be inferior or in the wrong. [Obs.] I will subscribe, and say I wronged the duke. Shak.

5. To set one's name to a paper in token of promise to give a certain sum.

6. To enter one's name for a newspaper, a book, etc.

SUBSCRIBER Sub*scrib"er, n.

1. One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by subscribing.

2. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map, or the like. Dryden.

SUBSCRIPT Sub"script, a. Etym: [L. subscriptus, p.p. See Subscribe.]

Defn: Written below or underneath; as, iota subscript. (See under Iota.) Specifically (Math.), said of marks, figures, or letters (suffixes), written below and usually to the right of other letters to distinguish them; as, a, n, 2, in the symbols Xa, An, Y2. See Suffix, n., 2, and Subindex.

SUBSCRIPT Sub"script, n.

Defn: Anything written below. Bentley.

SUBSCRIPTION Sub*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. subscriptio: cf. F. souscription.]

1. The act of subscribing.

2. That which is subscribed. Specifically: (a) A paper to which a signature is attached. (b) The signature attached to a paper. (c) Consent or attestation by underwriting the name. (d) Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed; as, an individual subscription to a fund.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: The acceptance of articles, or other tests tending to promote uniformity; esp. (Ch. of Eng.), formal assent to the Thirty-nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer, required before ordination.

4. Submission; obedience. [Obs.] You owe me no subscription. Shak.

5. (Pharm.)

Defn: That part of a prescription which contains the direction to the apothecary.

Defn: A method of purchasing items produced periodically in a series, as newspapers or magazines, in which a certain number of the items are delivered as produced, without need for ordering each item individually; also, the purchase thus executed.

Note: The right to attend a series of public performances of ballet, opera, or music are also often sold by subscription. The payment for a subscription may be made prior to delivery of any items (common with magazines and performances), or after a certain number of the items have been delivered (common with newspapers or works of art produced in a series). 7. An application to purchase a certain number of securities to be delivered when they are newly issued.

SUBSCRIPTIVE Sub*scrip"tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subscription, or signature. "The subscriptive part." Richardson. — Sub*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

SUBSECUTE Sub"se*cute, v. t. Etym: [L. subsecutus, p.p. of subsequi. See Subsequent.]

Defn: To follow closely, or so as to overtake; to pursue. [Obs.] To follow and detain him, if by any possibility he could be subsecuted and overtaken. E. Hall.

SUBSECUTIVE Sub*sec"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. subsécutif.]

Defn: Following in a train or succession. [R.]

SUBSELLIUM Sub*sel"li*um, n.; pl. Subsellia. Etym: [L.] (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: One of the stalls of the lower range where there are two ranges. See Illust. of Stall.

SUBSEMITONE Sub*sem"i*tone, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The sensible or leading note, or sharp seventh, of any key; subtonic.

SUBSENSIBLE Sub*sen"si*ble, a.

Defn: Deeper than the reach of the senses. "That subsensible world." Tyndall.

SUBSEPTUPLE Sub*sep"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to seven. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSEQUENCE; SUBSEQUENCY Sub"se*quence, Sub"se*quen*cy, n.

Defn: The act or state of following; — opposed to precedence.

SUBSEQUENT Sub"se*quent, a. Etym: [L. subsequens, -entis, p.pr. of subsequi to follow, succeed: cf. F. subséquent. See Sue to follow.]

1. Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely; as, subsequent events; subsequent ages or years; a period long subsequent to the foundation of Rome.

2. Following in order of place; succeeding; as, a subsequent clause in a treaty. "The subsequent words come on before the precedent vanish." Bacon.

SUBSEQUENTLY Sub"se*quent*ly, adv.

Defn: At a later time; afterwards.

SUBSEROUS Sub*se"rous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a serous membrane.

SUBSERVE Sub*serve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subserved; p. pr. & vb. n. Subserving.] Etym: [L. subservire; sub under + servire to serve. See Serve.]

Defn: To serve in subordination or instrumentally; to be subservient to; to help forward; to promote. It is a great credit to know the ways of captivating Nature, and making her subserve our purposes, than to have learned all the intrigues of policy. Glanvill.

SUBSERVE Sub*serve", v. i.

Defn: To be subservient or subordinate; to serve in an inferior capacity. Not made to rule, But to subserve where wisdom bears command. Milton.

SUBSERVIENCE; SUBSERVIENCY Sub*serv"i*ence, Sub*serv"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subservient; instrumental fitness or use; hence, willingness to serve another's purposes; in a derogatory sense, servility. The body wherein appears much fitness, use, and subserviency to infinite functions. Bentley. There is a regular subordination and subserviency among all the parts to beneficial ends. Cheyne.

SUBSERVIENT Sub*serv"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. subserviens, -entis, p.pr. See Subserve.]

Defn: Fitted or disposed to subserve; useful in an inferior capacity; serving to promote some end; subordinate; hence, servile, truckling. Scarce ever reading anything which he did not make subservient in one kind or other. Bp. Fell. These ranks of creatures are subservient one to another. Ray. Their temporal ambition was wholly subservient to their proselytizing spirit. Burke.

SUBSERVIENTLY Sub*serv"i*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a subservient manner.

SUBSESQUI- Sub*ses"qui-. Etym: [Pref. sub- + sesqui-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting the combination of constituents (especially electro-negative and electro-positive bodies) in the proportion of two to three; as, a subsesqui acetate, i. e., a salt having two equivalents of acetic acid to three of the base.

SUBSEXTUPLE Sub*sex"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to six; as, a subsextuple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSIDE Sub*side", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsided; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsiding.] Etym: [L. subsidere; sub under, below + sidere to sit down, to settle; akin to sedere to sit, E. sit. See Sit.]

1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.

2. To tend downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink. "Heaven's subsiding hill." Dryden.

3. To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage; to be calmed; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate; as, the sea subsides; the tumults of war will subside; the fever has subsided. "In cases of danger, pride and envy naturally subside." C. Middleton.

Syn. — See Abate.

SUBSIDENCE; SUBSIDENCY Sub*sid"ence, Sub*sid"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. subsidens, -entis, p.pr. of subsidere. See Subside.]

Defn: The act or process of subsiding. The subdual or subsidence of the more violent passions. Bp. Warburton.

SUBSIDIARILY Sub*sid"i*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a subsidiary manner; so as to assist.

SUBSIDIARY Sub*sid"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. subsidiarius: cf. F. subsidiaire. See Subsidy.]

1. Furnishing aid; assisting; auxiliary; helping; tributary; especially, aiding in an inferior position or capacity; as, a subsidiary stream. Chief ruler and principal head everywhere, not suffragant and subsidiary. Florio. They constituted a useful subsidiary testimony of another state of existence. Coleridge.

2. Of or pertaining to a subsidy; constituting a subsidy; being a part of, or of the nature of, a subsidy; as, subsidiary payments to an ally. George the Second relied on his subsidiary treaties. Ld. Mahon.

SUBSIDIARY Sub*sid"i*a*ry, n.; pl. Subsidiaries (.

Defn: One who, or that which, contributes aid or additional supplies; an assistant; an auxiliary. Hammond.

SUBSIDIZE Sub"si*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsidized; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsidizing.] Etym: [From Subsidy.]

Defn: To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of by the payment of a subsidy; to aid or promote, as a private enterprise, with public money; as, to subsidize a steamship line. He employed the remittances from Spain to subsidize a large body of German mercenaries. Prescott.

SUBSIDY Sub"si*dy, n.; pl. Subsidies. Etym: [L. subsidium the troops stationed in reserve in the third line of battlem reserve, support, help, fr. subsidere to sit down, lie in wait: cf. F. subside. See Subside.]

1. Support; aid; coöperation; esp., extraordinary aid in money rendered to the sovereign or to a friendly power. They advised the king to send speedy aids, and with much alacrity granted a great rate of subsidy. Bacon.

Note: Subsidies were taxes, not immediately on on property, but on persons in respect of their reputed estates, after the nominal rate of 4s. the pound for lands, and 2s. 8d. for goods. Blackstone.

2. Specifically: A sum of money paid by one sovereign or nation to another to purchase the coöperation or the neutrality of such sovereign or nation in war.

3. A grant from the government, from a municipal corporation, or the like, to a private person or company to assist the establishment or support of an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public; a subvention; as, a subsidy to the owners of a line of ocean steamships.

Syn. — Tribute; grant. — Subsidy, Tribute. A subsidy is voluntary; a tribute is exacted.

SUBSIGN Sub*sign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsigning.] Etym: [L. subsignare; sub under + signare to mark: cf. F. soussigner. See Sign.]

Defn: To sign beneath; to subscribe. [R.] Camden.

SUBSIGNATION Sub`sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. subsignatio.]

Defn: The act of writing the name under something, as for attestation. [R.] Shelton.

SUBSILICATE Sub*sil"i*cate, n.

Defn: A basic silicate.

SUBSIST Sub*sist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsisting.] Etym: [L. subsistere to stand still, stay, remain alive; sub under + sistere to stand, to cause to stand, from stare to stand: cf. F. subsister. See Stand.]

1. To be; to have existence; to inhere. And makes what happiness we justly call, Subsist not in the good of one, but all. Pope.

2. To continue; to retain a certain state. Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve. Milton.

3. To be maintained with food and clothing; to be supported; to live. Milton. To subsist on other men's charity. Atterbury.

SUBSIST Sub*sist", v. t.

Defn: To support with provisions; to feed; to maintain; as, to subsist one's family. He laid waste the adjacent country in order to render it more difficult for the enemy to subsist their army. Robertson.

SUBSISTENCE Sub*sist"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subsistance, L. subsistentia.]

1. Real being; existence. Not only the things had subsistence, but the very images were of some creatures existing. Stillingfleet.

2. Inherency; as, the subsistence of qualities in bodies.

3. That which furnishes support to animal life; means of support; provisions, or that which produces provisions; livelihood; as, a meager subsistence. His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his province. Addison.

4. (Theol.)

Defn: Same as Hypostasis, 2. Hooker.

SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT Sub*sist"ence De*part"ment. (Mil.)

Defn: A staff department of the United States army charged, under the supervision of the Chief of Staff, with the purchasing and issuing to the army of such supplies as make up the ration. It also supplies, for authorized sales, certain articles of food and other minor stores. It is commanded by any officer of the rank of brigadier general, called commissary general, and the department is popularly called the Commissary Department.

SUBSISTENCY Sub*sist"en*cy, n.

Defn: Subsistence. [R.]

SUBSISTENT Sub*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. subsistens, p.pr. See Subsist.]

1. Having real being; as, a subsistent spirit.

2. Inherent; as, qualities subsistent in matter.

SUBSIZAR Sub*si"zar, n.

Defn: An under sizar; a student of lower rank than a sizar. [Cambridge Univ. Eng.] Bid my subsizar carry my hackney to the buttery and give him his bever. J. Fletcher.

SUBSOIL Sub"soil`, n.

Defn: The bed, or stratum, of earth which lies immediately beneath the surface soil. Subsoil plow, a plow having a share and standard but no moldboard. It follows in the furrow made by an ordinary plow, and loosens the soil to an additional depth without bringing it to the surface. Knight.

SUBSOIL Sub"soil`, v. t.

Defn: To turn up the subsoil of.

SUBSOLARY Sub*so"la*ry, a.

Defn: Being under the sun; hence, terrestrial; earthly; mundane. [R.]

SUBSPECIES Sub*spe"cies, n.

Defn: A group somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but based on characters more important than those which characterize ordinary varieties; often, a geographical variety or race.

SUBSPHENOIDAL Sub`sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the body of the sphenoid bone.

SUBSPHERICAL Sub*spher"ic*al, a.

Defn: Nearly spherical; having a figure resembling that of a sphere.

SUBSPINOUS Sub*spi"nous, a. (a) (Anat.) Subvertebral. (b) (Med.) Situated beneath a spinous process, as that of the scapula; as, subspinous dislocation of the humerus.

SUBSTANCE Sub"stance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. substantia, fr. substare to be under or present, to stand firm; sub under + stare to stand. See Stand.]

1. That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence. These cooks, how they stamp, and strain, and grind, And turn substance into accident! Chaucer. Heroic virtue did his actions guide, And he the substance, not the appearance, chose. Dryden.

2. The most important element in any existence; the characteristic and essential components of anything; the main part; essential import; purport. This edition is the same in substance with the Latin. Bp. Burnet. It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming. Burke.

3. Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence, substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of which a garment is made; some textile fabrics have little substance.

4. Material possessions; estate; property; resources. And there wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13. Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, Can not amount unto a hundred marks. Shak. We are destroying many thousand lives, and exhausting our substance, but not for our own interest. Swift.

5. (Theol.)

Defn: Same as Hypostasis, 2.

SUBSTANCE Sub"stance, v. t.

Defn: To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to make rich. [Obs.]

SUBSTANCELESS Sub"stance*less, a.

Defn: Having no substance; unsubstantial. [R.] Coleridge.

SUBSTANT Sub"stant, a. Etym: [L. substans, -antis, p.pr. of substare to be firm.]

Defn: Substantial; firm. [R.] "[The glacier's] substant ice." The Century.

SUBSTANTIAL Sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [F. substantiel, L. substantialis.]

1. Belonging to substance; actually existing; real; as, substantial life. Milton. If this atheist would have his chance to be real and substantial agent, he is more stupid than the vulgar. Bentley.

2. Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real; solid; true; veritable. If happinessbe a substantial good. Denham. The substantial ornaments of virtue. L'Estrange.

3. Corporeal; material; firm. "Most ponderous and substantial things." Shak. The rainbow [appears to be] a large substantial arch. I. Watts.

4. Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm; as, substantial cloth; a substantial fence or wall.

5. Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy; responsible; as, a substantial freeholder. "Substantial yeomen and burghers." Sir W. Scott.

SUBSTANTIALITY Sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantial; corporiety; materiality. The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality. Glanvill.

SUBSTANTIALIZE Sub*stan"tial*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantialized; p. pr. & vb. n. Substantializing.]

Defn: To make substantial.

SUBSTANTIALLY Sub*stan"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a substantial manner; in substance; essentially. In him all his Father shone, Substantially expressed. Milton. The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly observe them, substantially religious toward God, chastle, and temperate. Tillotson.

SUBSTANTIALNESS Sub*stan"tial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantial; as, the substantialness of a wall or column.

SUBSTANTIALS Sub*stan"tials, n. pl.

Defn: Essential parts. Ayliffe.

SUBSTANTIATE Sub*stan"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Substantiating.]

1. To make to exist; to make real. Ayliffe.

2. To establish the existence or truth of by proof or competent evidence; to verify; as, to substantiate a charge or allegation; to substantiate a declaration. Observation is, in turn, wanted to direct and substantiate the course of experiment. Coleridge.

SUBSTANTIATION Sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of substantiating or proving; evidence; proof.

SUBSTANTIVAL Sub`stan*ti"val, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a substantive; of the nature of substantive. — Sub`stan*ti"val*ly, adv.

SUBSTANTIVE Sub"stan*tive, a. Etym: [L. substantivus: cf. F. substantif.]

1. Betokening or expressing existence; as, the substantive verb, that is, the verb to be.

2. Depending on itself; independent. He considered how sufficient and substantive this land was to maintain itself without any aid of the foreigner. Bacon.

3. Enduring; solid; firm; substantial. Strength and magnitude are qualities which impress the imagination in a powerful and substantive manner. Hazlitt.

4. Pertaining to, or constituting, the essential part or principles; as, the law substantive. Noun substantive (Gram.), a noun which designates an object, material or immaterial; a substantive. — Substantive color, one which communicates its color without the aid of a mordant or base; — opposed to adjective color.

SUBSTANTIVE Sub"stan*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. substantif.] (Gram.)

Defn: A noun or name; the part of speech which designates something that exists, or some object of thought, either material or immaterial; as, the words man, horse, city, goodness, excellence, are substantives.

SUBSTANTIVE Sub"stan*tive, v. t.

Defn: To substantivize. [R.] Cudworth.

SUBSTANTIVELY Sub"stan*tive*ly, adv.

1. In a substantive manner; in substance; essentially.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: As a substantive, name, or noun; as, an adjective may be used substantively.

SUBSTANTIVENESS Sub"stan*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantive.

SUBSTANTIVIZE Sub"stan*tiv*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into a substantive; as, to substantivize an adjective. Fitzed. Hall.

SUBSTILE Sub"stile`, n. (Dialing)

Defn: See Substyle.

SUBSTITUENT Sub*stit"u*ent, n. Etym: [L. substituens, p.pr. See Substitute.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any atom, group, or radical substituted for another, or entering a molecule in place of some other part which is removed.

SUBSTITUTE Sub"stit"ute, n. Etym: [L. substitutus, p.p. of substituere to put under, put in the place of; sub under + statuere to put, place: cf. F. substitut. See Statute.]

Defn: One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu of something else; specifically (Mil.),

Defn: a person who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript or drafted man. Hast thou not made me here thy substitute Milton. Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] . . . wore masks as the sole substitute known to our ancestors for the modern parasol. De Quincey.

SUBSTITUTE Sub"stit"ute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substituted; p. pr. & vb. n. Substituting.] Etym: [See Substitute, n.]

Defn: To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange. Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others. Congreve.

SUBSTITUTED Sub"stit"uted, a.

1. Exchanged; put in the place of another.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing substitutions or replacements; having been subjected to the process of substitution, or having some of its parts replaced; as, alcohol is a substituted water; methyl amine is a substituted ammonia. Substituted executor (Law), an executor appointed to act in place of one removed or resigned.

SUBSTITUTION Sub`sti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [L. substitutio: cf. F. substitution.]

1. The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or representative to act for one in his absense; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium.

2. The state of being substituted for another.

3. The office or authority of one acting for another; delegated authority. [R.] Shak.

4. (Civil Law)

Defn: The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or legacy, either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or after him. Burrill.

5. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously, being substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings were expiatory.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the state of being so substituted. See Metathesis.

SUBSTITUTIONAL Sub`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to substitution; standing in the place of another; substituted. — Sub`sti*tu"tion*al*ly, adv.

SUBSTITUTIONARY Sub`sti*tu"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to substitution; substitutional.

SUBSTITUTIVE Sub"sti*tu`tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. substitutif, L. substitutivus conditional.]

Defn: Tending to afford or furnish a substitute; making substitution; capable of being substituted. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSTRACT Sub*stract", v. t. Etym: [F. suostraire; L. subtus below (from sub under) + trahere to draw. See Substract.]

Defn: To subtract; to withdraw. [Obs.] Barrow.

SUBSTRACTION Sub*strac"tion, n. Etym: [OF. substraction, F. soustraction. See Subtract.]

1. Subtraction; deduction. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: See Subtraction, 3.

SUBSTRACTOR Sub*stract"or, n.

1. One who subtracts.

2. A detractor; a slanderer. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBSTRATE Sub"strate, n.

Defn: A substratum. [R.]

SUBSTRATE Sub"strate, a.

Defn: Having very slight furrows. [R.]

SUBSTRATE Sub*strate", v. t. Etym: [L. substratus, p.p. of substrahere. See Substratum.]

Defn: To strew or lay under anything. [Obs.] The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand. Boyle.

SUBSTRATUM Sub*stra"tum, n.; pl. Substrata. Etym: [L. substratus, p.p. of substernere to strew under; sub under + sternere to strew. See Stratum.]

1. That which is laid or spread under; that which underlies something, as a layer of earth lying under another; specifically (Agric.), the subsoil.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The permanent subject of qualities or cause of phenomena; substance.

SUBSTRUCT Sub*struct", v. t. Etym: [See Substruction.]

Defn: To build beneath something; to lay as the foundation. [R.] He substructs the religion of Asia as the base. Emerson.

SUBSTRUCTION Sub*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L. substructio, fr. substruere, substructum, to build beneath; sub under + struere to build.] (Arch.)

Defn: Underbuilding; the foundation, or any preliminary structure intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building above the natural level of the ground. It is a magnificent strong building, with a substruction very remarkable. Evelyn.

SUBSTRUCTURE Sub*struc"ture, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + structure.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Substruction.

2. An under structure; a foundation; groundwork.

SUBSTYLAR Sub*sty"lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the substyle.

SUBSTYLE Sub"style`, n. (Dialing)

Defn: A right line on which the style, or gnomon, of a dial is erected; being the common section of the face of the dial and a plane perpendicular to it passing through the style. [Written also substile.] Hutton.

SUBSULPHATE Sub*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate with an excess of the base.

SUBSULPHIDE Sub*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nonacid compound consisting of one equivalent of sulphur and more than one equivalent of some other body, as a metal.

SUBSULTIVE Sub*sul"tive, a.

Defn: Subsultory. [R.] Berkley.

SUBSULTORY Sub*sul"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. subsilire, subsultum, to spring up; sub under + salire to leap.]

Defn: Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts. [R.] — Sub*sul"to*ri*ly, adv. [R.] Flippancy opposed to solemnity, the subsultory to the continuous, — these are the two frequent extremities to which the French manner betrays men. De Quincey.

SUBSULTUS Sub*sul"tus, n. Etym: [NL. See Subsultory.] (Med.)

Defn: A starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.

SUBSUMABLE Sub*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subsumed. J. B. Stallo.

SUBSUME Sub*sume", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. sumere to take.]

Defn: To take up into or under, as individual under species, species under genus, or particular under universal; to place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include under something else. To subsume one proposition under another. De Quincey. A principle under which one might subsume men's most strenuous efforts after righteousness. W. Pater.

SUBSUMPTION Sub*sump"tion, n.

1. The act of subsuming, or of including under another. The first act of consciousness was a subsumption of that of which we were conscious under this notion. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or premise of a syllogism. But whether you see cause to go against the rule, or the subsumption under the rule. De Quincey.

SUBSUMPTIVE Sub*sump"tive, a.

Defn: Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. Coleridge.

SUBTANGENT Sub*tan"gent, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.

SUBTARTAREAN Sub`tar*ta"re*an, a.

Defn: Being or living under Tartarus; infernal. "Subtartarean powers." Pope.

SUBTECTACLE Sub*tec"ta*cle, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. tectum a roof.]

Defn: A space under a roof; a tabernacle; a dwelling. [Obs.] Davies (Holy Roode).

SUBTEGULANEOUS Sub*teg`u*la"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subtegulaneus; sub under + tegulare tiles for a roof.]

Defn: Under the roof or eaves; within doors. [R.]

SUBTENANT Sub*ten"ant, n. (Law)

Defn: One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also a tenant; an undertenant.

SUBTEND Sub*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtended; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtending.] Etym: [L. subtendere; sub under + tendere to stretch, extend. See Tend.]

Defn: To extend under, or be opposed to; as, the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle; the chord subtends an arc.

SUBTENSE Sub*tense", n. Etym: [L. subtendere, subtentum. See Subtend, Tense, a.] (Geom.)

Defn: A line subtending, or stretching across; a chord; as, the subtense of an arc.

SUBTEPID Sub*tep"id, a.

Defn: Slightly tepid.

SUBTERETE Sub`te*rete", a.

Defn: Somewhat terete.

SUBTERFLUENT; SUBTERFLUOUS Sub*ter"flu*ent, Sub*ter"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. subterfluens, p.pr. of subterfluere to flow beneath; subter under + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Running under or beneath. [R.]

SUBTERFUGE Sub"ter*fuge, n. Etym: [F., from LL. subterfugium, fr. L. subterfugere to flee secretly, to escape; subter under + fugere to flee. See Fugitive.]

Defn: That to which one resorts for escape or concealment; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct; a shift; an evasion. Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the force of an argument. I. Watts. By a miserable subterfuge, they hope to render this position safe by rendering it nugatory. Burke.

SUBTERRANE Sub"ter*rane, n. Etym: [Cf. L. subterraneum, F. souterrain. See Subterranean.]

Defn: A cave or room under ground. [R.] J. Bryant.

SUBTERRANEAL Sub`ter*ra"ne*al, a.

Defn: Subterranean. [Obs.]

SUBTERRANEAN; SUBTERRANEOUS Sub`ter*ra"ne*an, Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subterraneus; sub under + terra earth. See Terrace.]

Defn: Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage. — Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.

SUBTERRANITY Sub`ter*ran"i*ty, n.

Defn: A place under ground; a subterrany. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUBTERRANY Sub"ter*ra*ny, a.

Defn: Subterranean. [Obs.] Bacon. — n.

Defn: A subterranean place. [Obs.]

SUBTERRENE Sub`ter*rene", a. Etym: [L. subterrenus, equiv. to subterraneus.]

Defn: Subterraneous. [Obs.]

SUBTERRESTRIAL Sub`ter*res"tri*al, a.

Defn: Subterranean.

SUBTHALAMIC Sub`tha*lam"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the optic thalamus.

SUBTILE Sub"tile, a. Etym: [L. subtilis. See Subtile.]

1. Thin; not dense or gross; rare; as, subtile air; subtile vapor; a subtile medium.

2. Delicately constituted or constructed; nice; fine; delicate; tenuous; finely woven. "A sotil [subtile] twine's thread." Chaucer. More subtile web Arachne can not spin. Spenser. I do distinguish plain Each subtile line of her immortal face. Sir J. Davies.

3. Acute; piercing; searching. The slow disease and subtile pain. Prior.

5. Characterized by nicety of discrimination; discerning; delicate; refined; subtle. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.] The genius of the Spanish people is exquisitely subtile, without being at all acute; hence there is so much humor and so little wit in their literature. The genius of the Italians, on the contrary, is acute, profound, and sensual, but not subtile; hence what they think to be humorous, is merely witty. Coleridge. The subtile influence of an intellect like Emerson's. Hawthorne.

5. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; as, a subtile person; a subtile adversary; a subtile scheme. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.]

Syn. — Subtile, Acute. In acute the image is that of a needle's point; in subtile that of a thread spun out to fineness. The acute intellect pierces to its aim; the subtile (or subtle) intellect winds its way through obstacles. — Sub"tile*ly, adv. — Sub"tile*ness, n.

SUBTILIATE Sub*til"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. subtiliare.]

Defn: To make thin or rare. [Obs.] Harvey. — Sub`til*i*a"tion, n. [Obs.] Boyle.

SUBTILISM Sub"til*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety. The high orthodox subtilism of Duns Scotus. Milman.

SUBTILITY Sub*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. subtilitas: cf. F. subtilité. See Subtle.]

Defn: Subtilty. [R.]

SUBTILIZATION Sub`til*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subtilization.]

1. The act of making subtile.

2. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.

3. Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.

SUBTILIZE Sub"til*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtilized; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtilizing.] Etym: [L. subtiliser.]

1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.

2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments. Nor as yet have we subtilized ourselves into savages. Burke.

SUBTILIZE Sub"til*ize, v. i.

Defn: To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions. Milner.

SUBTILIZER Sub"til*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who subtilizes.

SUBTILTY Sub"til*ty, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. subtility.]

1. The quality or state of being subtile; thinness; fineness; as, the subtility of air or light.

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety. Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtility in nice divisions. Locke.

3. Cunning; skill; craft. [Obs.] To learn a lewd man this subtility. Chaucer.

4. Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning design or artifice; a trick; subtlety. O full of all subtility and all mischief. Acts xiii. 10.

Note: In senses 2, 3, and 4 the word is more commonly written subtlety.

SUBTLE Sub"tle, a. [Compar. Subtler; superl. Subtlest.] Etym: [OE. sotil, subtil, OF. soutil, later subtil, F. subtil, L. subtilis; probably, originally, woven fine, and fr. sub under + tela a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Subtile.]

1. Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; subtile; — applied to persons; as, a subtle foe. "A subtle traitor." Shak.

2. Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; as, a subtle stratagem.

3. Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; — said of persons; as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; — said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive. Things remote from use, obscure and subtle. Milton.

4. Smooth and deceptive. [Obs.] Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground [bowling ground]. Shak.

Syn. — Artful; crafty; cunning; shrewd; sly; wily. Subtle is the most comprehensive of these epithets and implies the finest intellectual quality. See Shrewd, and Cunning.

SUBTLENESS Sub"tle*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.

SUBTLETY Sub"tle*ty, n.; pl. Subtleties. Etym: [OE. sotelte, sutilte, OF. sotillete, L. subtilitas. See Subtle, and cf. Subtility.]

1. The quality or state of being subtle, or sly; cunning; craftiness; artfulness. The fox which lives by subtlety. Shak.

2. Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action; nicety of discrimination.

3. Something that is sly, crafty, or delusive. Unlearned in the world's false subtleties. Shak.

SUBTLY Sub"tly, adv.

Defn: In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly. Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise. Milton.

2. Nicely; delicately. In the nice bee what sense so subtly true. Pope. Subtly communicating itself to my sensibilities, but evading the analysis of my mind. Hawthorne.

3. Deceitfully; delusively. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBTONIC Sub*ton"ic, a. (Phonetics)

Defn: Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but dimmed and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in the oral or the nasal passage, and in some cases with a mixture of breath sound; — a term introduced by Dr. James Rush in 1833. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§155, 199-202.

SUBTONIC Sub*ton"ic, n.

1. (Phonetics)

Defn: A subtonic sound or element; a vocal consonant, as b, d, g, n, etc.; a subvocal.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The seventh tone of the scale, or that immediately below the tonic; — called also subsemitone.

SUBTORRID Sub*tor"rid, a.

Defn: Nearly torrid.

SUBTRACT Sub*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtracting.] Etym: [L. subtractus, p.p. of subtrahere to draw from beneath, withdraw, remove; sub under + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Substract.]

Defn: To withdraw, or take away, as a part from the whole; to deduct; as, subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4.

SUBTRACTER Sub*tract"er, n.

1. One who subtracts.

2. The subtrahend. [Obs.]

SUBTRACTION Sub*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. subtractio a drawing back. See Subtract, and cf. Substraction.]

1. The act or operation of subtracting or taking away a part.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The taking of a lesser number or quantity from a greater of the same kind or denomination; an operation for finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.

3. (Law)

Defn: The withdrawing or withholding from a person of some right to which he is entitled by law.

Note: Thus the subtraction of conjugal rights is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives separate without sufficient reason. The subtraction of a legacy is the withholding or detailing of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner, the withholding of any service, rent, duty, or custom, is a subtraction, for which the law gives a remedy. Blackstone.

SUBTRACTIVE Sub*trac"tive, a.

1. Tending, or having power, to subtract.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Having the negative sign, or sign minus.

SUBTRAHEND Sub"tra*hend`, n. Etym: [L. subtrahendus that is to be subtracted, p.fut.pess. of subtrahere. See Subtract.] (Math.)

Defn: The sum or number to be subtracted, or taken from another.

SUBTRANSLUCENT Sub`trans*lu"cent, a.

Defn: Not perfectly translucent.

SUBTRANSPARENT Sub`trans*pa"rent, a.

Defn: Not perfectly transparent.

SUBTREASURER Sub*treas"ur*er, n.

Defn: The public officer who has charge of a subtreasury. [U. S.]

SUBTREASURY Sub*treas"ur*y, n.; pl. Subtreasuries (.

Defn: A subordinate treasury, or place of deposit; as, the United States subtreasury at New York. [U. S.]

SUBTRIANGULAR Sub`tri*an"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly, but not perfectly, triangular. Darwin.

SUBTRIBE Sub"tribe`, n. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of a tribe; a group of genera of a little lower rank than a tribe.

SUBTRIHEDRAL Sub`tri*he"dral, a.

Defn: Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; as, the subtrihedral crown of a tooth. Owen.

SUBTRIPLE Sub*tri"ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Containing a third, or one part to three. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBTRIPLICATE Sub*trip"li*cate, a. (Math.)

Defn: Expressed by the cube root; — said especially of ratios. Subtriplicate ratio, the ratio of the cube root; thus, the subtriplicate ratio of a to b is cube roota to cube rootb, or cube roota/b.

SUBTROPICAL Sub*trop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Nearly tropical.

SUBTRUDE Sub*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtruding.] Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. trudere to thrust.]

Defn: To place under; to insert. [R.]

SUBTURRICULATE Sub`tur*ric"u*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Somewhat turriculate.

SUBTUTOR Sub*tu"tor, n.

Defn: An under tutor.

SUBTYPICAL Sub*typ"ic*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Deviating somewhat from the type of a species, genus, or other group; slightly aberrant.

SUBULATE; SUBULATED Su"bu*late, Su"bu*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. subulatus, fr. L. subula an awl.]

Defn: Very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point from a broadish base; awl-shaped; linear.

SUBULICORNES Su`bu*li*cor"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. subula an awl + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects having slender or subulate antennæ. The dragon flies and May flies are examples.

SUBULIFORM Su"bu*li*form, a.

Defn: Subulate.

SUBULIPALP Su"bu*li*palp`, n. Etym: [L. subula an awl + E. palp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of carabid beetles having slender palpi.

SUBUMBONAL Sub`um*bo"nal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Beneath or forward of the umbos of a bivalve shell.

SUBUMBRELLA Sub`um*brel"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The integument of the under surface of the bell, or disk-shaped body, of a jellyfish.

SUBUNDATION Sub`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. unda a wave.]

Defn: A flood; a deluge. [Obs.] Huloet.

SUBUNGUAL Sub*un"gual, a.

Defn: Under the nail or hoof.

SUBURB Sub"urb, n. Etym: [L. suburbium; sub under, below, near + urbs a city. See Urban.]

1. An outlying part of a city or town; a smaller place immediately adjacent to a city; in the plural, the region which is on the confines of any city or large town; as, a house stands in the suburbs; a garden situated in the suburbs of Paris. "In the suburbs of a town." Chaucer. [London] could hardly have contained less than thirty or forty thousand souls within its walls; and the suburbs were very populous. Hallam.

2. Hence, the confines; the outer part; the environment. "The suburbs . . . of sorrow." Jer. Taylor. The suburb of their straw-built citadel. Milton. Suburb roister, a rowdy; a loafer. [Obs.] Milton.

SUBURBAN Sub*ur"ban, a. Etym: [L. suburbanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the suburbs of a city. "Suburban taverns." Longfellow. Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, . . . Delight the citizen. Cowper.

SUBURBAN Sub*ur"ban, n.

Defn: One who dwells in the suburbs.

SUBURBED Sub"urbed, a.

Defn: Having a suburb or suburbs on its outer part.

SUBURBIAL; SUBURBIAN Sub*ur"bi*al, Sub*ur"bi*an, a.

Defn: Suburban. [Obs.] "Suburbial fields." Warton. "Suburbian muse." Dryden.

SUBURBICARIAN; SUBURBICARY Sub*ur`bi*ca"ri*an, Sub*ur"bi*ca*ry, a. Etym: [LL. suburbicarius, equiv. to L. suburbanus: cf. F. suburbicaire. See Suburban.]

Defn: Being in the suburbs; — applied to the six dioceses in the suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as bishop of Rome. The pope having stretched his authority beyond the bounds of his suburbicarian precincts. Barrow.

SUBURETHRAL Sub`u*re"thral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the urethra, or under its orifice.

SUBVAGINAL Sub*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under or inside a sheath or vaginal membrane; as, the subvaginal, or subdural, spaces about the optic nerve.

SUBVARIETY Sub`va*ri"e*ty, n.; pl. -ties (.

Defn: A subordinate variety, or a division of a variety.

SUBVENE Sub*vene", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subvened; p. pr. & vb. n. Subvening.] Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. venire to come. See Subvention.]

Defn: To come under, as a support or stay; to happen. A future state must needs subvene to prevent the whole edifice from falling into ruin. Bp. Warburton.

SUBVENTANEOUS Sub`ven*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. ventus wind.]

Defn: Produced by the wind. [Obs.]

SUBVENTION Sub*ven"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. subventio, fr. L. subvenire to come up to one's assistance, to assist. See Souvenir, and cf. Subvene.]

1. The act of coming under. "The subvention of a cloud." Stackhouse.

2. The act of relieving, as of a burden; support; aid; assistance; help.

3. A government aid or bounty.

SUBVENTION Sub*ven"tion, v. t.

Defn: To subventionize.

SUBVENTIONIZE Sub*ven"tion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To come to the aid of; to subsidize; to support.

SUBVENTITIOUS Sub`ven*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Helping; aiding; supporting. Urquhart.

SUBVERSE Sub*verse", v. t. Etym: [L. subversus, p.p. of subvertere. See Subvert.]

Defn: To subvert. [Obs.] Spenser.

SUBVERSION Sub*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. subversio: cf. F. subversion. See Subvert.]

Defn: The act of overturning, or the state of being overturned; entire overthrow; an overthrow from the foundation; utter ruin; destruction; as, the subversion of a government; the subversion of despotic power; the subversion of the constitution. The subversion [by a storm] of woods and timber . . . through my whole estate. Evelyn. Laws have been often abused to the oppression and subversion of that order they were intended to preserve. Rogers.

SUBVERSIONARY Sub*ver"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Promoting destruction.

SUBVERSIVE Sub*ver"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. subversif.]

Defn: Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin. Lying is a vice subversive of the very ends and design of conversation. Rogers.

SUBVERT Sub*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subverting.] Etym: [L. subvertere, subversum; sub under + vertere to turn: cf. F. subvertir. See Verse.]

1. To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly. These are his substance, sinews, arms, and strength, With which he yoketh your rebellious necks, Razeth your cities, and subverts your towns. Shak. This would subvert the principles of all knowledge. Locke.

2. To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to corrupt; to confound. 2 Tim. iii. 14.

Syn. — To overturn; overthrow; destroy; invert; reverse; extinguish.

SUBVERT Sub*vert", v. i.

Defn: To overthrow anything from the foundation; to be subversive. They have a power given to them like that of the evil principle, to subvert and destroy.

SUBVERTANT Sub*vert"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Reserved. [R.]

SUBVERTEBRAL Sub*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath, or on the ventral side of, the vertebral column; situated beneath, or inside of, the endoskeleton; hypaxial; hyposkeletal.

SUBVERTER Sub*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, subverts; an overthrower. Sir T. More.

SUBVERTIBLE Sub*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be subverted.

SUBVITALIZED Sub*vi"tal*ized, a.

Defn: Imperfectly vitalized; having naturally but little vital power or energy.

SUBVOCAL Sub*vo"cal, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Subtonic.

SUBWAY Sub"way`, n.

Defn: An underground way or gallery; especially, a passage under a street, in which water mains, gas mains, telegraph wires, etc., are conducted.

SUBWORKER Sub*work"er, n.

Defn: A subordinate worker or helper. South.

SUBZONAL Sub*zon"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a zone, or zona; — applied to a membrane between the zona radiata and the umbilical vesicle in the mammal embryo.

SUBZYGOMATIC Sub*zyg`o*mat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the zygoma or zygomatic process.

SUCCADE Suc"cade, n. Etym: [L. succus, sucus, juice: cf. F. succade a sugarbox. Cf. Sucket.]

1. A sweetmeat. [Obs.] Holland.

2. pl. (Com.)

Defn: Sweetmeats, or preserves in sugar, whether fruit, vegetables, or confections. Blakely. Succade gourd. (Bot.) Same as Vegetable marrow, under Vegetable.

SUCCEDANE Suc"ce*dane, n.

Defn: A succedaneum. [Obs.]

SUCCEDANEOUS Suc`ce*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. succedaneus. See Succeed.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or acting as, a succedaneum; supplying the place of something else; being, or employed as, a substitute for another. Sir T. Browne.

SUCCEDANEUM Suc`ce*da"ne*um, n.; pl. Succedanea. Etym: [NL. See Succedaneous.]

Defn: One who, or that which, succeeds to the place of another; that which is used for something else; a substitute; specifically (Med.),

Defn: a remedy used as a substitute for another. In lieu of me, you will have a very charming succedaneum, Lady Harriet Stanhope. Walpole.

SUCCEED Suc*ceed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succeeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Succeeding.] Etym: [L. succedere, successum; sub under + cedere to go, to go along, approach, follow, succeed: cf. F. succéder. See Cede, and cf. Success.]

1. To follow in order; to come next after; hence, to take the place of; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on the throne; autumn succeeds summer. As he saw him nigh succeed. Spenser.

2. To fall heir to; to inherit. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

3. To come after; to be subsequent or consequent to; to follow; to pursue. Destructive effects . . . succeeded the curse. Sir T. Browne.

4. To support; to prosper; to promote. [R.] Succeed my wish and second my design. Dryden.

SUCCEED Suc*ceed", v. i.

1. To come in the place of another person, thing, or event; to come next in the usual, natural, or prescribed course of things; to follow; hence, to come next in the possession of anything; — often with to. If the father left only daughters, they equally succeeded to him in copartnership. Sir M. Hale. Enjoy till I return Short pleasures; for long woes are to succeed! Milton.

2. Specifically: To ascend the throne after the removal the death of the occupant. No woman shall succeed in Salique land. Shak.

3. To descend, as an estate or an heirloom, in the same family; to devolve. Shak.

4. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is attempted or intended; to have a prosperous issue or termination; to be successful; as, he succeeded in his plans; his plans succeeded. It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without ambition. Dryden. Spenser endeavored it in Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will it succeed in English. Dryden.

5. To go under cover. [A latinism. Obs.] Will you to the cooler cave succeed! Dryden.

Syn. — To follow; pursue. See Follow.

SUCCEEDANT Suc*ceed"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Succeeding one another; following.

SUCCEEDER Suc*ceed"er, n.

Defn: A successor. Shak. Tennyson.

SUCCEEDING Suc*ceed"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, succeeds; also, that which succeeds, or follows after; consequence. Shak.

SUCCENTOR Suc"cen*tor, n. Etym: [LL., an accompanier in singing, fr. succinere to sing, to accompany; sub under, after + canere to sing.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A subchanter.

SUCCESS Suc*cess", n. Etym: [L. successus: cf. F. succès. See Succeed.]

1. Act of succeeding; succession. [Obs.] Then all the sons of these five brethren reigned By due success. Spenser.

2. That which comes after; hence, consequence, issue, or result, of an endeavor or undertaking, whether good or bad; the outcome of effort. Men . . . that are like to do that, that is committed to them, and to report back again faithfully the success. Bacon. Perplexed and troubled at his bad success The tempter stood. Milton.