R R (är). (continued 5)

REDEMPTORY Re*demp"to*ry (-t*r), a.

Defn: Paid for ransom; serving to redeem. "Hector's redemptory price." Chapman.

REDEMPTURE Re*demp"ture (-tr; 135), n.

Defn: Redemption. [Obs.]

REDENTED Re*dent"ed (r*dnt"d), a. Etym: [From OF. redent. See Redan.]

Defn: Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.

REDEPOSIT Re`de*pos"it (r`d*pz"t), v. t.

Defn: To deposit again.

REDESCEND Re`de*scend" (-snd"), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + descend: cf. F. redescendre.]

Defn: To descend again. Howell.

REDEVELOP Re`de*vel"op, v. t. & i.

Defn: To develop again; specif. (Photog.),

Defn: to intensify (a developed image), as by bleaching with mercuric chloride and subsequently subjecting anew to a developing agent. — Re`de*vel"op*er (#), n. —Re`de*vel"op*ment (#), n.

REDEYE Red"eye` (rd"`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The rudd. (b) Same as Redfish. (d). (c) The goggle-eye, or fresh-water rock bass. [Local, U.S.]

REDFIN Red"fin` (-fn`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small North American dace (Minnilus cornutus, or Notropis megalops). The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins. Called also red dace, and shiner. Applied also to Notropis ardens, of the Mississippi valley.

REDFINCH Red"finch` (-fînch`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European linnet.

REDFISH Red"fish` (rêd"fîsh`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The blueback salmon of the North Pacific; — called also nerka. See Blueback. (b). (b) The rosefish. (c) A large California labroid food fish (Trochocopus pulcher); — called also fathead. (d) The red bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under Drumfish.

RED-GUM Red"-gum` (-gm`), n. Etym: [OE. reed gounde; AS. reád red + gund matter, pus.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus. Good.

2. A name of rust on grain. See Rust.

RED-HAND; RED-HANDED Red"-hand` (rd"hnd`), Red"-hand`ed (-hnd`d), a. or adv.

Defn: Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as if with red or bloody hands; — said of a person taken in the act of homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; as, he was taken red-hand or red-handed.

REDHEAD Red"head` (-hd`), n.

1. A person having red hair.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) An American duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red. Called also red-headed duck. American poachard, grayback, and fall duck. See Illust. under Poachard. (b) The red-headed woodpecker. See Woodpecker.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of milkweed (Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. It is used in medicine.

REDHIBITION Red`hi*bi"tion (rd`h*bsh"n), n. Etym: [L. redhibitio a taking back.] (Civil Law)

Defn: The annulling of a sale, and the return by the buyer of the article sold, on account of some defect.

REDHIBITORY Red*hib"i*to*ry (rd*hb"*t*r), a. Etym: [L. redhibitorius.] (Civil Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to redhibition; as, a redhibitory action or fault.

REDHOOP Red"hoop` (rd"hp`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the European bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

REDHORN Red"horn` (-hrn`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of a tribe of butterflies (Fugacia) including the common yellow species and the cabbage butterflies. The antennæ are usually red.

RED-HOT Red"-hot` (-ht`), a.

Defn: Red with heat; heated to redness; as, red-hot iron; red-hot balls. Hence, figuratively, excited; violent; as, a red-hot radical. Shak.

REDIA Re"di*a (r"d*), n.; pl. L. Rediæ (-e), E. Redias (-. Etym: [NL.; of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of larva, or nurse, which is prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another generation of rediæ, or else cercariæ within its own body. Called also proscolex, and nurse. See Illustration in Appendix.

REDIENT Re"di*ent (r"d-ent), a. Etym: [L. rediens, p. pr. of redire to return; pref. red- + ire to go.]

Defn: Returning. [R.]

REDIF Re*dif", n. [Turk. redif, fr. radif, orig., he who rides behind another on the same beast, fr. radaf to follow.]

Defn: A reserve force in the Turkish army, or a soldier of the reserve. See Army organization, above.

REDIGEST Re`di*gest" (r`d*jst"), v. t.

Defn: To digest, or reduce to form, a second time. Kent.

REDIMINISH Re`di*min"ish (-mn"sh), v. t.

Defn: To diminish again.

REDINGOTE Red"in*gote (rd"n*gt), n. Etym: [F., corrupted from E. reding coat.]

Defn: A long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.

REDINTEGRATE Re*din"te*grate (r*dn"t*grt), a. Etym: [L. redintegratus, p.p. of redintegrare to restore; pref. red-, re-, re- + integrare to make whole, to renew, fr. integer whole. See Integer.]

Defn: Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed. Bacon.

REDINTEGRATE Re*din"te*grate (-grt), v. t.

Defn: To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or soundness. The English nation seems obliterated. What could redintegrate us again Coleridge.

REDINTEGRATION Re*din`te*gra"tion (-gr"shn), n. Etym: [L. redintegratio.]

1. Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal; renovation. Dr. H. More.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its former nature and state. [Achaic.] Coxe.

3. (Psychology)

Defn: The law that objects which have been previously combined as part of a single mental state tend to recall or suggest one another; — adopted by many philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association of ideas.

REDIRECT Re`di*rect" (r`d*rkt"), a. (Law)

Defn: Applied to the examination of a witness, by the party calling him, after the cross-examination.

REDISBURSE Re`dis*burse" (r`ds*brs"), v. t.

Defn: To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back. Spenser.

REDISCOVER Re`dis*cov"er (-kv"r), v. t.

Defn: To discover again.

REDISPOSE Re`dis*pose" (-pz"), v. t.

Defn: To dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange. A. Baxter.

REDISSEIZE Re`dis*seize" (-sz"), v. t. (Law)

Defn: To disseize anew, or a second time. [Written also redisseise.]

REDISSEIZIN Re`dis*sei"zin (-s"zn), n. (Law)

Defn: A disseizin by one who once before was adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands, etc.; also, a writ which lay in such a case. Blackstone.

REDISSEIZOR Re`dis*sei"zor (-zr), n. (Law)

Defn: One who redisseizes.

REDISSOLVE Re`dis*solve" (r`dz*zlv"), v. t.

Defn: To dissolve again.

REDISTILL Re`dis*till" (r`ds*tl"), v. t.

Defn: To distill again.

REDISTRAINER Re`dis*train"er (-trn"r), n.

Defn: One who distrains again.

REDISTRIBUTE Re`dis*trib"ute (-trb"t), v. t.

Defn: To distribute again. — Re*dis`tri*bu"tion (-tr, n.

REDISTRICT Re*dis"trict (-trkt), v. t.

Defn: To divide into new districts.

REDITION Re*di"tion (r*dsh"n), n. Etym: [L. reditio, fr. redire. See Redient.]

Defn: Act of returning; return. [Obs.] Chapman.

REDIVIDE Re`di*vide" (r`d*vd"), v. t.

Defn: To divide anew.

REDIVIVUS Red`i*vi"vus, a. [L., fr. pref. red-, re-, re- + vivus alive.]

Defn: Living again; revived; restored.

REDLEG; REDLEGS Red"leg` (rd"lg`), Red`legs` (-lgz`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The redshank. (b) The turnstone.

RED-LETTER Red"-let`ter (-lt`tr), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters. Red- letter day, a day that is fortunate or auspicious; — so called in allusion to the custom of marking holy days, or saints' days, in the old calendars with red letters.

RED-LIGHT DISTRICT Red-light district.

Defn: A district or neighborhood in which disorderly resorts are frequent; — so called in allusion to the red light kept in front of many such resorts at night. [Colloq. or Cant]

REDLY Red"ly, adv.

Defn: In a red manner; with redness.

REDMOUTH Red"mouth` (-mouth`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Diabasis, or Hæmulon, of the Southern United States, having the inside of the mouth bright red. Called also flannelmouth, and grunt.

REDNESS Red"ness, n. Etym: [AS. r. See Red.]

Defn: The quality or state of being red; red color.

REDOLENCE; REDOLENCY Red"o*lence, Red"o*len*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being redolent; sweetness of scent; pleasant odor; fragrance.

REDOLENT Red"o*lent (-lent), a. Etym: [L. redolens, -entis, p. pr. of redolere to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. red-, re-, re- + olere to emit a smell. See Odor.]

Defn: Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; — usually followed by of. "Honey redolent of spring." Dryden. — Red"o*lent*ly, adv. Gales . . . redolent of joy and youth. Gray.

REDOUBLE Re*dou"ble (r*db"'l), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + double: cf. F. redoubler. Cf. Reduplicate.]

Defn: To double again or repeatedly; to increase by continued or repeated additions; to augment greatly; to multiply. So they Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. Shak. n. An optional bid made by the side currently holding the highest bid for the contract, after the opposing side has doubled. This bid increases the score for successfully making the contract, and increases the penalties for failing. The score or penalty depends on the number of tricks over or under the contract, according to a defined schedule, and depending on the vulnerability of the side attempting the contract.

REDOUBLE Re*dou"ble, v. i.

Defn: To become greatly or repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to be greatly augmented; as, the noise redoubles.

REDOUBT Re*doubt" (r*dout"), n. Etym: [F. redoute, fem., It. ridotto, LL. reductus, literally, a retreat, from L. reductus drawn back, retired, p. p. of reducere to lead or draw back; cf. F. réduit, also fr. LL. reductus. See Reduce, and cf. Reduct, R, Ridotto.] (Fort.) (a) A small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and without flanking defenses, — used esp. in fortifying tops of hills and passes, and positions in hostile territory. (b) In permanent works, an outwork placed within another outwork. See F and i in Illust. of Ravelin. [Written also redout.]

REDOUBT Re*doubt", v. t. Etym: [F. redouter, formerly also spelt redoubter; fr. L. pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt, in LL., to fear. See Doubt.]

Defn: To stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [R.]

REDOUBTABLE Re*doubt"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Etym: [F. redoutable, formerly also spelt redoubtable.]

Defn: Formidable; dread; terrible to foes; as, a redoubtable hero; hence, valiant; — often in contempt or burlesque. [Written also redoutable.]

REDOUBTED Re*doubt"ed, a.

Defn: Formidable; dread. "Some redoubled knight." Spenser. Lord regent, and redoubted Burgandy. Shak.

REDOUBTING Re*doubt"ing, n.

Defn: Reverence; honor. [Obs.] In redoutyng of Mars and of his glory. Chaucer.

REDOUND Re*dound" (r*dound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Redounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Redounding.] Etym: [F. redonder, L. redundare; pref. red-, re-, re- + undare to rise in waves or surges, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate, and cf. Redundant.]

1. To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back; to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to contribute; to result. The evil, soon Driven back, redounded as a flood on those From whom it sprung. Milton. The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds to God, the author of it. Rogers. both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will no small use redound from them to that manufacture. Addison.

2. To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be redundant; to overflow. For every dram of honey therein found, A pound of gall doth over it redound. Spenser.

REDOUND Re*dound", n.

1. The coming back, as of consequence or effect; result; return; requital. We give you welcome; not without redound Of use and glory to yourselves ye come. Tennyson.

2. Rebound; reverberation. [R.] Codrington.

REDOWA Red"ow*a (rd"*), n. Etym: [F., fr. Bohemian.]

Defn: A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a polka. The former is most in use.

REDPOLE Red"pole` (rd"pl`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Redpoll.

REDPOLL Red"poll` (-pl`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of small northern finches of the genus Acanthis (formerly Ægiothus), native of Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of the most common species (A. linarius) has also the breast and rump rosy. Called also redpoll linnet. See Illust. under Linnet. (b) The common European linnet. (c) The American redpoll warbler (Dendroica palmarum).

REDRAFT Re*draft" (re*draft"), v. t.

Defn: To draft or draw anew.

REDRAFT Re*draft", n.

1. A second draft or copy.

2. (Com.)

Defn: A new bill of exchange which the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs and charges.

REDRAW Re*draw" (r*dr"), v. t. [imp. Redrew (-dr");p. p. Redrawn (-dr*n"); p. pr. & vb. n. Redrawing.]

Defn: To draw again; to make a second draft or copy of; to redraft.

REDRAW Re*draw", v. i. (Com.)

Defn: To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers.

REDRESS Re*dress" (r*drs"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + dress.]

Defn: To dress again.

REDRESS Re*dress" (r*drs"), v. t. Etym: [F. redresser to straighten; pref. re- re- + dresser to raise, arrange. See Dress.]

1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise. [R.] The common profit could she redress. Chaucer. In yonder spring of roses intermixed With myrtle, find what to redress till noon. Milton. Your wish that I should redress a certain paper which you had prepared. A. Hamilton.

2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from. Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . . I doubt not but with honor to redress. Shak.

3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon. "'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to redress." Dryden. Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye Byron.

REDRESS Re*dress", n.

1. The act of redressing; a making right; reformation; correction; amendment. [R.] Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves. Hooker.

2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; as, the redress of grievances; hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification. Shak. A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for redress when the cry is universal. Davenant.

3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser. Fair majesty, the refuge and redress Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress. Dryden.

REDRESSAL Re*dress"al (r*drs"al), n.

Defn: Redress.

REDRESSER Re*dress"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who redresses.

REDRESSIBLE Re*dress"i*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Such as may be redressed.

REDRESSIVE Re*dress"ive (-v), a.

Defn: Tending to redress. Thomson.

REDRESSLESS Re*dress"less, a.

Defn: Not having redress; such as can not be redressed; irremediable. Sherwood.

REDRESSMENT Re*dress"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [Cf. F. redressement.]

Defn: The act of redressing; redress. Jefferson.

RED-RIBAND Red"-rib`and (rd"rb`and), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European red band fish, or fireflame. See Rend fish.

REDROOT Red"root` (rd"rt`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several plants having red roots, as the New Jersey tea (see under Tea), the gromwell, the bloodroot, and the Lachnanthes tinctoria, an endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to Florida.

REDSEAR Red`sear" (rd`sr"), v. i.

Defn: To be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short. Moxon.

REDSHANK Red"shank` (rd"shnk`), n.

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A common Old World limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (T. fuscus) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also redshanks, redleg, and clee. (b) The fieldfare.

2. A bare-legged person; — a contemptuous appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to their bare legs. Spenser.

RED-SHORT Red"-short` (-shrt`), a. (Metal.)

Defn: Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; — said of certain kinds of iron. — Red"-short`ness, n.

REDSKIN Red"skin` (-skn`), n.

Defn: A common appellation for a North American Indian; — so called from the color of the skin. Cooper.

REDSTART Red"start` (-strt`), n. Etym: [Red + start tail.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small, handsome European singing bird (Ruticilla phoenicurus), allied to the nightingale; — called also redtail, brantail, fireflirt, firetail. The black redstart is P.tithys. The name is also applied to several other species of Ruticilla amnd allied genera, native of India. (b) An American fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). The male is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings, and tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.

REDSTREAK Red"streak` (-strk`), n.

1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked with red and yellow, — a favorite English cider apple. Mortimer.

2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples.

REDTAIL Red"tail` (-tl`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-tailed hawk. (b) The European redstart.

RED-TAILED Red"-tailed` (-tld`), a.

Defn: Having a red tail. Red-tailed hawk (Zoöl.), a large North American hawk (Buteo borealis). When adult its tail is chestnut red. Called also hen hawck, and red-tailed buzzard.

RED-TAPE Red"-tape` (-tp`), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See Red tape, under Red, a.

RED-TAPISM Red`-tap"ism (rd`tp"z'm), n.

Defn: Strict adherence to official formalities. J. C. Shairp.

RED-TAPIST Red`-tap"ist, n.

Defn: One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official formalities. Ld. Lytton.

REDTHROAT Red"throat` (rd"thrt`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Australian singing bird (Phyrrholæmus brunneus). The upper parts are brown, the center of the throat red.

REDTOP Red"top` (-tp`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Agrostis vulgaris) highly valued in the United States for pasturage and hay for cattle; — called also English grass, and in some localities herd's grass. See Illustration in Appendix. The tall redtop is Triodia seslerioides.

REDUB Re*dub" (r*db"), v. t. Etym: [F. radouber to refit or repair.]

Defn: To refit; to repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite. [Obs.] It shall be good that you redub that negligence. Wyatt. God shall give power to redub it with some like requital to the French. Grafton.

REDUCE Re*duce" (re*dus"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reduced (-dust"),; p. pr. & vb. n. Reducing (-du"sîng).] Etym: [L. reducere, reductum; pref. red- . re-, re- + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Redoubt, n.]

1. To bring or lead back to any former place or condition. [Obs.] And to his brother's house reduced his wife. Chapman. The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates reduce and direct us. Evelyn.

2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to impair; as, to reduce a sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of heat. "An ancient but reduced family." Sir W. Scott. Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something belonging to it, to reduce it. Tillotson. Having reduced Their foe to misery beneath their fears. Milton. Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the clergyman reduced. Hawthorne.

3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture; as, to reduce a province or a fort.

4. To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to reduce a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp. It were but right And equal to reduce me to my dust. Milton.

5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation; as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a class or classes; to reduce a series of observations in astronomy; to reduce language to rules.

6. (Arith.) (a) To change, as numbers, from one denomination into another without altering their value, or from one denomination into others of the same value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and hours. (b) To change the form of a quantity or expression without altering its value; as, to reduce fractions to their lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To bring to the metallic state by separating from impurities; hence, in general, to remove oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the action of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron; or metals are reduced from their ores; — opposed to Ant: oxidize.

8. (Med.)

Defn: To restore to its proper place or condition, as a displaced organ or part; as, to reduce a dislocation, a fracture, or a hernia. Reduced iron (Chem.), metallic iron obtained through deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a current of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is used the product is called also iron by hydrogen. — To reduce an equation (Alg.), to bring the unknown quantity by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the other side, without destroying the equation. — To reduce an expression (Alg.), to obtain an equivalent expression of simpler form. — To reduce a square (Mil.), to reform the line or column from the square.

Syn. — To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten; curtail; impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate; conquer.

REDUCEMENT Re*duce"ment (r*ds"ment), n.

Defn: Reduction. Milton.

REDUCENT Re*du"cent (r*d"sent), a. Etym: [L. reducens, p. pr. of reducere.]

Defn: Tending to reduce. — n.

Defn: A reducent agent.

REDUCER Re*du"cer (-sr), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reduces.

REDUCIBLE Re*du"ci*ble (-s*b'll), a.

Defn: Capable of being reduced.

REDUCIBLENESS Re*du"ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being reducible.

REDUCING Re*du"cing (r*d"sng),

Defn: a & n. from Reduce. Reducing furnace (Metal.), a furnace for reducing ores. — Reducing pipe fitting, a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one. — Reducing valve, a device for automatically maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a pipe, or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in which the pressure is higher than is desired in the receiver.

REDUCT Re*duct" (r*dkt"), v. t.. Etym: [L.reductus, p. p. of reducere. See Reduce.]

Defn: To reduce. [Obs.] W. Warde.

REDUCTIBILITY Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty (r*dk`t*bl"*t), n.

Defn: The quality of being reducible; reducibleness.

REDUCTION Re*duc"tion (r*dk"shn), n. Etym: [F. réduction, L. reductio. See Reduce.]

1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a body to powder; the reduction of things to order; the reduction of the expenses of government; the reduction of a rebellious province.

2. (Arith. & Alq.)

Defn: The act or process of reducing. See Reduce, v. t., 6. and To reduce an equation, To reduce an expression, under Reduce, v. t.

3. (Astron.) (a) The correction of observations for known errors of instruments, etc. (b) The preparation of the facts and measurements of observations in order to deduce a general result.

4. The process of making a copy of something, as a figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the proper proportions. Fairholt.

5. (Logic)

Defn: The bringing of a syllogism in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first figure.

6. (Chem. & Metal.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of reducing; as, the reduction of iron from its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from alcohol.

7. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured part to its former place. Reduction ascending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher denomination, as cents to dollars. — Reduction descending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination, as dollars to cents.

Syn. — Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment; subjugation; conquest; subjection.

REDUCTIVE Re*duc"tive (-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réductif.]

Defn: Tending to reduce; having the power or effect of reducing. — n.

Defn: A reductive agent. Sir M. Hale.

REDUCTIVELY Re*duc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By reduction; by consequence.

REDUIT Ré`duit" (r`dw"), n. Etym: [F. See Redoubt, n. ] (Fort.)

Defn: A central or retired work within any other work.

REDUNDANCE; REDUNDANCY Re*dun"dance, Re*dun"dan*cy, n. Etym: [L. redundantia: cf. F. redondance.]

1. The quality or state of being redundant; superfluity; superabundance; excess.

2. That which is redundant or in excess; anything superfluous or superabundant. Labor . . . throws off redundacies. Addison.

3. (Law)

Defn: Surplusage inserted in a pleading which may be rejected by the court without impairing the validity of what remains.

REDUNDANT Re*dun"dant (-dant), a. Etym: [L. redundans, -antis, p. pr. of redundare: cf. F. redondant. See Redound.]

1. Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as, a redundant quantity of bile or food. Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do not increase fat so much as flesh. Arbuthnot.

2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; pleonastic. Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched. I. Watts.

Syn. — Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant; overflowing; plentiful; copious.

REDUNDANTLY Re*dun"dant*ly (r*dn"dant*l), adv.

Defn: In a refundant manner.

REDUPLICATE Re*du"pli*cate (r*d"pl*kt), a. Etym: [Pref. re- + duplicate: cf. L. reduplicatus. Cf. Redouble.]

1. Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Valvate with the margins curved outwardly; — said of the

REDUPLICATE Re*du"pli*cate (-kt), v. t. Etym: [Cf. LL. reduplicare.]

1. To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: To repeat the first letter or letters of (a word). See Reduplication,3.

REDUPLICATION Re*du`pli*ca"tion (-kshn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réduplication, L. reduplicatio repetition.]

1. The act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.

2. (Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a verse is the same as the last word of the preceding verse.

3. (Philol.)

Defn: The doubling of a stem or syllable (more or less modified), with the effect of changing the time expressed, intensifying the meaning, or making the word more imitative; also, the syllable thus added; as, L. tetuli; poposci.

REDUPLICATIVE Re*du"pli*ca*tive (-k*tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réduplicatif.]

Defn: Double; formed by reduplication; reduplicate. I. Watts.

REDUVID Red"u*vid (rd"*vd), n. Etym: [L. reduvia a hangnail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hemipterous insect of the genus Redivius, or family Reduvidæ. They live by sucking the blood of other insects, and some species also attack man.

REDWEED Red"weed` (rêd"wed`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: The red poppy (Papaver Rhoeas). Dr. Prior.

REDWING Red"wing` (-wng`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European thrush (Turdus iliacus). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called also redwinged thrush. (b) A North American passerine bird (Agelarius phoeniceus) of the family Icteridæ. The male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each wing. Called also redwinged blackbird, red-winged troupial, marsh blackbird, and swamp blackbird.

REDWITHE Red"withe` (rd"wth`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A west Indian climbing shrub (Combretum Jacquini) with slender reddish branchlets.

REDWOOD Red"wood` (-wood`), n. (Bot.) (a) A gigantic coniferous tree (Sequoia sempervirens) of California, and its light and durable reddish timber. See Sequoia. (b) An East Indian dyewood, obtained from Pterocarpus santalinus, Cæsalpinia Sappan, and several other trees.

Note: The redwood of Andaman is Pterocarpus dalbergioides; that of some parts of tropical America, several species of Erythoxylum; that of Brazil, the species of Humirium.

REE Ree (re), n. Etym: [Pg. real, pl. reis. See Real the money.]

Defn: See Rei.

REE Ree, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. r, raden, raiten. Cf. Riddle a sieve.]

Defn: To riddle; to sift; to separate or throw off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.

REEBOK Ree"bok` (r"bk`), n. Etym: [D., literally, roebuck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peele. [Written also rehboc and rheeboc.]

REECHO; RE-ECHO Re*ech"o, v. t.

Defn: To echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills reëcho the roar of cannon.

REECHO Re*ëch"o, v. i.

Defn: To give echoes; to return back, or be reverberated, as an echo; to resound; to be resonant. And a loud groan reëchoes from the main. Pope.

REECHO Re*ëch"o, n.

Defn: The echo of an echo; a repeated or second echo.

REECHY Reech"y (rch"), a. Etym: [See Reeky.]

Defn: Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with dirt. [Obs.]

REED Reed (rd), a.

Defn: Red. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REED Reed, v. & n.

Defn: Same as Rede. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REED Reed, n.

Defn: The fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]

REED Reed, n. Etym: [AS. hre; akin to D. riet, G. riet, ried, OHG. kriot, riot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to many tall and coarse grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the common reed of Europe and North America (Phragmites communis).

2. A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe. Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed Of Hermes. Milton.

3. An arrow, as made of a reed. Prior.

4. Straw prepared for thatching a roof. [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Mus.) (a) A small piece of cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of certain instruments, and set in vibration by the breath. In the clarinet it is a single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is double, forming a compressed tube. (b) One of the thin pieces of metal, the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon, accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets or registers of pipes in an organ.

6. (Weaving)

Defn: A frame having parallel flat stripe of metal or reed, between which the warp threads pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating up the weft; a sley. See Batten.

7. (Mining)

Defn: A tube containing the train of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.

8. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Reeding. Egyptian reed (Bot.), the papyrus. — Free reed (Mus.), a reed whose edges do not overlap the wind passage, — used in the harmonium, concertina, etc. It is distinguished from the beating or striking reed of the organ and clarinet. — Meadow reed grass (Bot.), the Glyceria aquatica, a tall grass found in wet places. — Reed babbler. See Reedbird. — Reed bunting (Zoöl.) A European sparrow (Emberiza schoeniclus) which frequents marshy places; — called also reed sparrow, ring bunting. (b) Reedling. — Reed canary grass (Bot.), a tall wild grass (Phalaris arundinacea). — Reed grass. (Bot.) (a) The common reed. See Reed, 1. (b) A plant of the genus Sparganium; bur reed. See under Bur. — Reed organ (Mus.), an organ in which the wind acts on a set of free reeds, as the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc. — Reed pipe (Mus.), a pipe of an organ furnished with a reed. — Reed sparrow. (Zoöl.) See Reed bunting, above. — Reed stop (Mus.), a set of pipes in an organ furnished with reeds. — Reed warbler. (Zoöl.) (a) A small European warbler (Acrocephalus streperus); — called also reed wren. (b) Any one of several species of Indian and Australian warblers of the genera Acrocephalus, Calamoherpe, and Arundinax. They are excellent singers. — Sea-sand reed (Bot.), a kind of coarse grass (Ammophila arundinacea). See Beach grass, under Beach. — Wood reed grass (Bot.), a tall, elegant grass (Cinna arundinacea), common in moist woods.

REEDBIRD Reed"bird` (rd"brd`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The bobolink. (b) One of several small Asiatic singing birds of the genera Schoenicola and Eurycercus; — called also reed babbler.

REEDBUCK Reed"buck" (-bk`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Rietboc.

REEDED Reed"ed, a.

1. Civered with reeds; reedy. Tusser.

2. Formed with channels and ridges like reeds.

REEDEN Reed"en (rd"'n), a.

Defn: Consisting of a reed or reeds. Through reeden pipes convey the golden flood. Dryden.

REEDIFICATION Re*ëd`i*fi*ca"tion (r*d`*f*k"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. ré\'82dification. See Reëdify.]

Defn: The act reëdifying; the state of being reëdified.

REEDIFY Re*ëd"i*fy (r*d"*ff), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + edify: cf. F. ré\'82difier, L. reaedificare.]

Defn: To edify anew; to build again after destruction. [R.] Milton.

REEDING Reed"ing (rd"ng), n. Etym: [From 4th Reed.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A small convex molding; a reed (see Illust. (i) of Molding); one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; — the reverse of fluting.

Note: Several reedings are often placed together, parallel to each other, either projecting from, or inserted into, the adjining surface. The decoration so produced is then called, in general, reeding.

2. The nurling on the edge of a coin; — commonly called milling.

REEDLESS Reed"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of reeds; as, reedless banks.

REEDLING Reed"ling (-lng), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bearded titmouse (Panurus biarmicus); — called also reed bunting, bearded pinnock, and lesser butcher bird.

Note: It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and yellow on the wings. The male has a tuft of black feathers on each side of the face.

REED-MACE Reed"-mace` (-ms`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cat-tail.

REEDWORK Reed"work` (-wrk`), n. (Mus.)

Defn: A collective name for the reed stops of an organ.

REEDY Reed"y (-), a.

1. Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds. "A reedy pool." Thomson .

2. Having the quality of reed in tone, that is,

REEF Reef (rf), n. Etym: [Akin to D. rif, G. riff, Icel. rif, Dan. rev; cf. Icel. rifa rift, rent, fissure, rifa to rive, bear. Cf. Rift, Rive.]

1. A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water. See Coral reefs, under Coral.

2. (Mining.)

Defn: A large vein of auriferous quartz; — so called in Australia. Hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore. Reef builder (Zoöl.), any stony coral which contributes material to the formation of coral reefs. — Reef heron (Zoöl.), any heron of the genus Demigretta; as, the blue reef heron (D.jugularis) of Australia.

REEF Reef, n. Etym: [Akin to D. reef, G. reff, Sw. ref; cf. Icel. rif reef, rifa to basten together. Cf. Reeve, v. t., River.] (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.

Note: From the head to the first reef-band, in square sails, is termed the first reef; from this to the next is the second reef; and so on. In fore-and-aft sails, which reef on the foot, the first reef is the lowest part. Totten. Close reef, the last reef that can be put in. — Reef band. See Reef-band in the Vocabulary. — Reef knot, the knot which is used in tying reef pointss. See Illust. under Knot. — Reef line, a small rope formerly used to reef the courses by being passed spirally round the yard and through the holes of the reef. Totten. — Reef pioints, pieces of small rope passing through the eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the sail. — Reef tackle, a tackle by which the reef cringles, or rings, of a sail are hauled up to the yard for reefing. Totten. — To take a reef in, to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or rolling up a reef, and lashing it to the spar.

REEF Reef, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reefed (reft); p. pr. & vb. n. Reefing.] (Naut.)

Defn: To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or spar. Totten. To reef the paddles, to move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply.

REEF-BAND Reef"-band` (rf"bnd`), n. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are made. Totten.

REEFER Reef"er (-r), n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: One who reefs; — a name often given to midshipmen. Marryat.

2. A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth.

REEFING Reef"ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The process of taking in a reef. Reefing bowsprit, a bowsprit so rigged that it can easily be run in or shortened by sliding inboard, as in cutters.

REEFY Reef"y (-), a.

Defn: Full of reefs or rocks.

REEK Reek (rek), n.

Defn: A rick. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

REEK Reek, n. Etym: [AS. r; akin to OFries. r, LG. & D. rook, G. rauch, OHG. rouh, Dan. rr, Icel. reykr, and to AS. re to reek, smoke, Icel. rj, G. riechen to smell.]

Defn: Vapor; steam; smoke; fume. As hateful to me as the reek of a limekiln. Shak.

REEK Reek, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reeked (rkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeking.] Etym: [As. r. See Reek vapor..]

Defn: To emit vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full of fumes; to steam; to smoke; to exhale. Few chimneys reeking you shall espy. Spenser. I found me laid In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun Soon dried, and on the reeking moisture fed. Milton. The coffee rooms reeked with tobacco. Macualay.

REEKY Reek"y (-), a. Etym: [From 2d Reek; cf. Reechy.]

1. Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul. Shak.

2. Emitting reek. "Reeky fen." Sir W. Scott.

REEL Reel (rl), n. Etym: [Gael. righil.]

Defn: A lively dance of the Highlanders of Scotland; also, the music to the dance; — often called Scotch reel. Virginia reel, the common name throughout the United States for the old English "country dance," or contradance (contredanse). Bartlett.

REEL Reel, n. Etym: [AS. kre: cf. Icel. kr a weaver's reed or sley.]

1. A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound; as, a log reel, used by seamen; an angler's reel; a garden reel.

2. A machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays and hanks, — for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches. McElrath.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: A device consisting of radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by the knives. Reel oven, a baker's oven in which bread pans hang suspended from the arms of a kind of reel revolving on a horizontal axis. Knight.

REEL Reel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reeled (rld); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeling. ]

1. To roll. [Obs.] And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reel. Spenser.

2. To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.

REEL Reel, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sw. ragla. See 2d Reel.]

1. To incline, in walking, from one side to the other; to stagger. They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man. Ps. cvii. 27. He, with heavy fumes oppressed, Reeled from the palace, and retired to rest. Pope. The wagons reeling under the yellow sheaves. Macualay.

2. To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy. In these lengthened vigils his brain often reeled. Hawthorne.

REEL Reel, n.

Defn: The act or motion of reeling or staggering; as, a drunken reel. Shak.

REELECT Re`ë*lect" (r`*lkt"), v. t.

Defn: To elect again; as, to reëlect the former governor.

REELECTION Re`ë*lec"tion (-lk"shn), n.

Defn: Election a second time, or anew; as, the reëlection of a former chief.

REELER Reel"er (rl"r), n.

1. One who reels.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The grasshopper warbler; — so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]

REELIGIBLE Re*ël"i*gi*ble (r*l"*b'l), a.

Defn: Eligble again; capable of reëlection; as, reëligible to the same office. — Re*ël`i*gi*bil"i*ty (r, n.

REEM Reem (rm), n. Etym: [Heb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Hebrew name of a horned wild animal, probably the Urus.

Note: In King James's Version it is called unicorn; in the Revised Version,wild ox. Job xxxix. 9.

REEM Reem, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Ream to make a hole in.] (Naut.)

Defn: To open (the seams of a vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them. Reeming iron (Naut.), an iron chisel for reeming the seams of planks in calking ships.

REEMBARK Re`ëm*bark" (r`m*brk"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark again.

REEMBARKATION Re*ëm`bar*ka"tion (r*m`br*k"shn), n.

Defn: A putting, or going, on board a vessel again.

REEMBODY Re`ëm*bod"y (r`m*bd"), v. t.

Defn: To embody again.

REEMBRACE Re`ëm*brace" (-brs"), v. i.

Defn: To embrace again.

REEMERGE Re`ë*merge" (r`*mrj"), v. i.

Defn: To emerge again.

REEMERGENCE Re`ë*mer"gence (-mr"jens), n.

Defn: Act of re

REENACT Re`ën*act" (r`n*kt") v. t.

Defn: To enact again.

REENACTION Re`ën*ac"tion (-k"shn), n.

Defn: The act of re

REENACTMENT Re`ën*act"ment (-kt"ment), n.

Defn: The enacting or passing of a law a second time; the renewal of a law.

REENCOURAGE Re`ën*cour"age (-kr"j;), v. t.

Defn: To encourage again.

REENDOW Re`ën*dow" (-dou"), v. t.

Defn: To endow again.

REENFORCE Re`ën*force" (-frs") v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + enforce: cf. F. renforcer.]

Defn: To strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or support; as, to reënforce an argument; to reënforce a garment; especially, to strengthen with additional troops, as an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet. [Written also reinforce.]

REENFORCE Re`ën*force", n. Etym: [See Reënforce, v., and cf. Ranforce, Reinforce.]

Defn: Something which reënforces or strengthens. Specifically: (a) That part of a cannon near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the piece, so as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See Illust. of Cannon. (b) An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc.

REENFORCED CONCRETE Reënforced concrete.

Defn: Concrete having within its mass a system of strengthening iron or steel supports. = Ferro-concrete.

REENFORCEMENT Re`ën*force"ment (r`n*frs"ment), n.

1. The act of reënforcing, or the state of being reënforced.

2. That which reënforces; additional force; especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.

REENGAGE Re`ën*gage" (-gj), v. t. & i.

Defn: To engage a second time or again.

REENGAGEMENT Re`ën*gage"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: A renewed or repeated engagement.

REENGRAVE Re`ën*grave" (-grv"), v. t.

Defn: To engrave anew.

REENJOY Re`ën*joy" (-joi"), v. i.

Defn: To enjoi anew. Pope.

REENJOYMENT Re`ën*joy"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Renewed enjoiment.

REENKINDLE Re`ën*kin"dle (-kn"d'l), v. t.

Defn: To enkindle again.

REENLIST Re`ën*list" (-lst"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To enlist again.

REENLISTMENT Re`ën*list"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: A renewed enlistment.

REENSLAVE Re`ën*slave" (-slv") v. t.

Defn: To enslave again.

REENTER Re*ën"ter (r*n"tr), v. t.

1. To enter again.

2. (Engraving)

Defn: To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing.

REENTER Re*ën"ter, v. i.

Defn: To enter anew or again. Reëntering angle, an angle of a polygon pointing inward, as a, in the cut. — Reëntering polygon, a polygon having one or more reëntering angles.

REENTERING Re*ën"ter*ing, n. (Calico Printing.)

Defn: The process of applying additional colors, by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored.

REENTHRONE Re`ën*throne" (-thrn"), v. t.

Defn: To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.

REENTHRONEMENT Re`ën*throne"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: A second enthroning.

REENTRANCE Re*ën"trance (r*n"trans), n.

Defn: The act entereing again; re Hooker.

REENTRANT Re*ën"trant (-trant), a.

Defn: Reëntering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a re angle.

REENTRY Re*ën"try (-tr), n.

1. A second or new entry; as, a reëntry into public life.

2. (Law)

Defn: A resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately foregone; — applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease. Burrill. Card of reëtry, (Whist), a card that by winning a trick will bring one the lead at an advanced period of the hand.

REERECT Re`ë*rect" (r`*rkt"), v. t.

Defn: To erect again.

REERMOUSE Reer"mouse` (rr"mous`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Rearmouse.

REESTABLISH Re`ës*tab"lish (r`s*tb"lsh), v. t.

Defn: To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; as, to reëstablish a covenant; to reëstablish health.

REESTABLISHER Re`ës*tab"lish*er (-r), n.

Defn: One who establishes again.

REESTABLISHMENT Re`ës*tab"lish*ment (-mnt), n.

Defn: The act reëstablishing; the state of being reëstablished. Addison.

REESTATE Re`ës*tate" (-tt), v. t.

Defn: To reëstablish. [Obs.] Walis.

REEVE Reeve (rv), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female of the ruff.

REEVE Reeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rove (rv); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeving.] Etym: [Cf. D. reven. See Reef, n. & v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: To pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like.

REEVE Reeve, n. Etym: [OE. reve, AS. ger. Cf. Sheriff.]

Defn: an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; — used chiefly in compounds; as, shirereeve, now written sheriff; portreeve, etc. Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

REEXAMINABLE Re`ëx*am"i*na*ble (r`gz*m"*n*b'l), a.

Defn: Admitting of being reëxamined or reconsidered. Story.

REEXAMINATION Re`ëx*am`i*na"tion (-*n"shn), n.

Defn: A repeated examination. See under Examination.

REEXAMINE Re`ëx*am"ine (—n), v. t.

Defn: To examine anew. Hooker.

REEXCHANGE Re`ëx*change" (r`ks*chnj"), v. t.

Defn: To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange).

REEXCHANGE Re`ëx*change" n.

1. A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up. Bouvier. The rate of reëxchange is regulated with respect to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the place where the bill of exchange was payable, and the place where it was drawn. Reëxchange can not be cumulated. Walsh.

REEXHIBIT Re`ëx*hib"it (r`gz*b"t or -ks*hb"t) v. t.

Defn: To exhibit again.

REEXPEL Re`ëx*pel" (r`ks*pl"), v. t.

Defn: To expel again.

REEXPERIENCE Re`ëx*pe"ri*ence (-p`r-ens), n.

Defn: A renewed or repeated experience.

REEXPORT Re`ëx*port" (-prt"), v. t.

Defn: To export again, as what has been imported.

REEXPORT Re*ëx"port (r*ks"prt), n/

Defn: Any commodity reëxported; — chiefly in the ptural.

REEXPORTATION Re*ëx`por*ta"tion (-pr*t"shn), n.

Defn: The act of reëxporting, or of exporting an import. A. Smith.

REEXPULSION Re`ëx*pul"sion (r`ks*pl"shn), n.

Defn: Renewed or repeated expulsion. Fuller.

REEXPULSION Re`ëx*pul"sion (r`ks*pl"shn), n.

Defn: Renewed or repeated expulsion. Fuller.

REEZED Reezed (rzd), a.

Defn: Grown rank; rancid; rusty. [Obs.] "Reezed bacon." Marston.

REFACTION Re*fac"tion (r*fk"shn), n. Etym: [See Refection.]

Defn: Recompense; atonemet; retribution. [Obs.] Howell.

REFAIT Re*fait", n. [F.] (Card Playing)

Defn: A drawn game; specif. (Trente et quarante),

Defn: a state of the game in which the aggregate pip value of cards dealt to red equals that of those dealt to black. All bets are then off; unless the value is 31, in which case the banker wins half the stakes.

REFAR Re*far" (r*fr"), v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. refaire to do over again.]

Defn: To go over again; to repeat. [Obs.] To him therefore this wonder done refar. Fairfax.

REFASHION Re*fash"ion (r*fsh"n), v. t.

Defn: To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time. MacKnight.

REFASHIONMENT Re*fash"ion*ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned. [R.] Leigh Hunt.

REFASTEN Re*fas"ten (r*fs"'n), v. t.

Defn: To fasten again.

REFECT Re*fect" (r*fkt), v. t. Etym: [L. refectus, p. p. of reficere; pref. re- re- + facere to make.]

Defn: To restore after hunger or fatique; to refresh. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne.

REFECTION Re*fec"tion (r*fk"shn), n. Etym: [L. refectio: cf. F. réfection. See Refect, Fact.]

Defn: Refreshment after hunger or fatique; a repast; a lunch. [His] feeble spirit inly felt refection. Spenser. Those Attic nights, and those refections of the gods. Curran.

REFECTIVE Re*fec"tive (r*fk"tv), a.

Defn: Refreshing; restoring.

REFECTIVE Re*fec"tive, n.

Defn: That which refreshes.

REFECTORY Re*fec"to*ry (-t*r), n.; pl.; Refectories (-r. Etym: [LL. refectorium: cf. F. réfectoire. See Refection.]

Defn: A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or convents.

Note: Sometimes pronounced r, especially when signifying the eating room in monasteries.

REFEL Re*fel" (r*fl"), v. t. Etym: [L. refellere; pref. re- re- + fallere to deceive.]

Defn: To refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a sophister. [Obs.] How he refelled me, and how I replied. Shak.

REFER Re*fer" (r*fr"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Referred (-frd); p. pr. & vb. n. Referring.] Etym: [F. référer, L. referre; pref. re- re- + ferre to bear. See Bear to carry.]

1. To carry or send back. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, infirmation, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a question of law to a superior tribunal.

3. To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances. To refer one's self, to have recourse; to betake one's self; to make application; to appeal. [Obs.] I'll refer me to all things sense. Shak.

REFER Re*fer", v. i.

1. To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to refer to a dictionary. In suits . . . it is to refer to some friend of trust. Bacon.

2. To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure refers to a footnote. Of those places that refer to the shutting and opening the abyss, I take notice of that in Job. Bp. Burnet.

3. To carry the mind or throught; to direct attention; as, the preacher referrd to the late election.

4. To direct inquiry for information or a quarantes of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; as, I referred to his employer for the truth of his story.

Syn. — To allude; advert; suggest; appeal. Refer, Allude, Advert. We refer to a thing by specifically and distinctly introducing it into our discourse. We allude to it by introducing it indirectly or indefinitely, as by something collaterally allied to it. We advert to it by turning off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large. Thus, Macaulay refers to the early condition of England at the opening of his history; he alludes to these statements from time to time; and adverts, in the progress of his work, to various circumstances of pecullar interest, on which for a time he dwells. "But to do good is . . . that that Solomon chiefly refers to in the text." Sharp. "This, I doubt not, was that artificial structure here alluded to." T. Burnet. Now to the universal whole advert: The earth regard as of that whole a part. Blackmore.

REFERABLE Ref"er*a*ble (rf"r**b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable. [Written also referrible.] It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions which obtain between bodies are referable to one general cause. W. Nicholson.

REFEREE Ref`er*ee" (-, n.

Defn: One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.

Syn. — Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See Judge.

REFERENCE Ref"er*ence (rf"r-ens), n. Etym: [See Refer.]

1. The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for quidance.

2. That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.

3. Relation; regard; respect. Something that hath a reference to my state. Shak.

4. One who, or that which, is referred to. Specifically; (a) One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another. (b) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.

5. (Law) (a) The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision. (b) (Equity)

Defn: The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.

6. Appeal. [R.] "Make your full reference." Shak. Reference Bible, a Bible in which brief explanations, and references to parallel passages, are printed in the margin of the text.

REFERENDARY Ref`er*en"da*ry (rf`r*n"d*r), n. Etym: [LL. referendarius, fr. L. referendus to be referred, gerundive of referre: cf. F. référendaire. See Refer.]

1. One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions. "Referendaries, or masters of request." Harmar.

3. Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.

REFERENDUM Ref`er*en"dum (rf`r*n"dm), n. Etym: [Gerundive fr. L. referre. See Refer.]

1. A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his government concerning a particular matter or point.

2. The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed upon by a legislature.

REFERENTIAL Ref`er*en"tial (-shal), a.

Defn: Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; as, notes for referential use. — Ref`er*en"tial*ly, adv.

REFERMENT Re*fer"ment (r*fr"ment), n.

Defn: The act of referring; reference. Laud.

REFERMENT Re`*fer*ment" (r, v. t. & i.

Defn: To ferment, or cause to ferment, again. Blackmore.

RE-FERMENT Re`-fer*ment" (r`fr*mnt"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To ferment, or cause to ferment, again. Blackmore.

REFERRER Re*fer"rer (r*fr"rr), n.

Defn: One who refers.

REFERRIBLE Re*fer"ri*ble (-r*b'l), a.

Defn: Referable. Hallam.

REFIGURE Re*fig"ure (r*fg"r), v. t.

Defn: To figure again. Shak.

REFILL Re*fill" (r*fl"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To fill, or become full, again.

REFIND Re*find" (r*fnd), v. t.

Defn: To find again; to get or experience again. Sandys.

REFINE Re*fine" (r*fn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refined (-find"); p. pr. & vb. n. Refining.] Etym: [Pref. re- + fine to make fine: cf. F. raffiner.]

1. To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar. I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined. Zech. xiii. 9.

2. To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings. Love refines The thoughts, and heart enlarges. Milton.

Syn. — To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.

REFINE Re*fine", v. i.

1. To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter. So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains, Works itself clear, and, as it runs, refines. Addison.

2. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence. Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended his stories. Dryden. But let a lord once own the happy lines, How the wit brightens! How the style refines! Pope.

3. To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language. "He makes another paragraph about our refining in controversy." Atterbury.

REFINED Re*fined" (-fnd"), a.

Defn: Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments. Refined wits who honored poesy with their pens. Peacham. — Re*fin"ed*ly (r, adv. — Re*fin"ed*ness, n.

REFINEMENT Re*fine"ment (r*fn"ment), n. Etym: [Cf. F. raffinement.]

1. The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas. The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and refinement, the more diffusive are they. Norris. From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in our language have not equaled its refinements. Swift.

2. That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic. "The refinements of irregular cunning." Rogers.

Syn. — Purification; polish; politeness; gentility; elegance; cultivation; civilization.

REFINER Re*fin"er (-fn"r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, refines.

REFINERY Re*fin"er*y (-), n.; pl. Refineries (-. Etym: [Cf. F. raffinerie.]

1. The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.

2. A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on the molten metal.

REFIT Re*fit" (r*ft"), v. t.

1. To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to refit ships of war. Macaulay.

2. To fit out or supply a second time.

REFIT Re*fit", v. i.

Defn: To obtain repairs or supplies; as, the fleet returned to refit.

REFITMENT Re*fit"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.

REFIX Re*fix" (r*fks"), v. t.

Defn: To fix again or anew; to establish anew. Fuller.

REFLAME Re*flame" (r*flm"), v. i.

Defn: To kindle again into flame.

REFLECT Re*flect" (r*flkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Reflecting.] Etym: [L. reflectere, reflexum; pref. re- re- + flectere to bend or turn. See Flexible, and cf. Reflex, v.]

1. To bend back; to give a backwaas, a mirror reflects rays of light; polished metals reflect heat. Let me mind the reader to reflect his eye on our quotations. Fuller. Bodies close together reflect their own color. Dryden.

2. To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror. Nature is the glass reflecting God, As by the sea reflected is the sun. Young.

REFLECT Re*flect" v. i.

1. To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.

2. To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to return. Whose virtues will, I hope, Reflect on Rome, as Titan's rays on earth. Shak.

3. To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or rules. We can not be said to reflect upon any external object, except so far as that object has been previously perceived, and its image become part and parcel of our intellectual furniture. Sir W. Hamilton. All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at all times, while they are awake, but there few who reflect upon them, or make them objects of thought. Reid. As I much reflected, much I mourned. Prior.

4. To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor. Errors of wives reflect on husbands still. Dryden. Neither do I reflect in the least upon the memory of his late majesty. Swift.

Syn. — To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate; ponder; muse; ruminate.

REFLECTED Re*flect"ed, a.

1. Thrown back after striking a surface; as, reflected light, heat, sound, etc.

2. Hence: Not one's own; received from another; as, his glory was reflected glory.

3. Bent backward or outward; reflexed.

REFLECTENT Re*flect"ent (r*flkt"ent), a. Etym: [L. reflectens, p. pr. of reflectere. See Reflect.]

1. Bending or flying back; reflected. "The ray descendent, and the ray reflectent flying with so great a speed." Sir K. Digby.

2. Reflecting; as, a reflectent body. Sir K. Digby.

REFLECTIBLE Re*flect"i*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; reflexible.

REFLECTING Re*flect"ing, a.

1. Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.

2. Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; contemplative; as, a reflecting mind. Reflecting circle, an astronomical instrument for measuring angless, like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by the reflection of light from two plane mirrors which it carries, and differing from the sextant chiefly in having an entire circle. — Reflecting galvanometer, a galvanometer in which the deflections of the needle are read by means of a mirror attached to it, which reflects a ray of light or the image of a scale; — called also mirror galvanometer. — Reflecting goniometer. See under Goniometer. — Reflecting telescope. See under Telescope.

REFLECTINGLY Re*flect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With reflection; also, with censure; reproachfully. Swift.

REFLECTION Re*flec"tion (r*flk"shn), n. Etym: [L. reflexio: cf. F. réflexion. See Riflect.] [Written also reflexion.]

1. The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected. Specifically: (a) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See Angle of reflection, below. The eye sees not itself, But by reflection, by some other things. Shak.

(b) The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard. By reflection, . . . I would be understood to mean, that notice which the mind takes of its own operations, and the manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these operations in the understanding. Locke. This delight grows and improves under thought and reflection. South.

2. Shining; brightness, as of the sun. [Obs.] Shak.

3. That which is produced by reflection. Specifically: (a) An image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart. As the sun water we can bear, Yet not the sun, but his reflection, there. Dryden.

(b) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the reflection of a membrane. (c) Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by truth. Job's reflections on his once flourishing estate did at the same time afflict and encourage him. Atterbury.

4. Censure; reproach cast. He died; and oh! may no reflection shed Its poisonous venom on the royal dead. Prior.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The transference of an excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. See Reflex action, under Reflex. Angle of reflection, the angle which anything, as a ray of light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with the perpendicular to the surface. — Angle of total reflection. (Opt.) Same as Critical angle, under Critical.

Syn. — Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation; consideration; musing; thinking.

REFLECTIVE Re*flect"ive (r*flkt"v), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réflectif. Cf. Reflexive.]

1. Throwing back images; as, a reflective mirror. In the reflective stream the sighing bride, viewing her charms. Prior.

2. Capable of exercising thought or judgment; as, reflective reason. Prior. His perceptive and reflective faculties . . . thus acquired a precocious and extraordinary development. Motley.

3. Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; as, a reflective person.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Reflexive; reciprocal. — Re*flect"ive*ly, adv. — Re*flect"ive*ness, n. "Reflectiveness of manner." J. C. Shairp.

REFLECTOR Re*flect"or (-er), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réflecteur.]

1. One who, or that which, reflects. Boyle.

2. (Physics) (a) Something having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a mirror, a speculum, etc. (b) A reflecting telescope. (c) A device for reflecting sound.

REFLET Re*flet" (re*fle"), n. [F., reflection. See Reflect.]

Defn: Luster; special brilliancy of surface; — used esp. in ceramics to denote the peculiar metallic brilliancy seen in lustered pottery such as majolica; as, silver reflet; gold reflet.

REFLEX Re"flex (r"flks), a. Etym: [L. reflexus, p. p. of reflectere: cf. F. réflexe. See Reflect.]

1. Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive; introspective. The reflex act of the soul, or the turning of the intellectual eye inward upon its own actions. Sir M. Hale.

2. Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary intervention of consciousness. Reflex action (Physiol.), any action performed involuntarily in consequence of an impulse or impression transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve center, from which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls into action certain muscles, organs, or cells. — Reflex nerve (Physiol.), an excito-motory nerve. See Exito- motory.

REFLEX Re"flex (r"flks; formerly r*flks"), n. Etym: [L. reflexus a bending back. See Reflect.]

1. Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade. Yon gray is not the morning's eye, 'Tis but the pale reflex of Cynthia's brow. Shak. On the depths of death there swims The reflex of a human face. Tennyson.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: An involuntary movement produced by reflex action. Patellar reflex. See Knee jerk, under Knee.

REFLEX Re*flex" (r*flks"), v. t. Etym: [L. reflexus, p. p. of reflectere. See Reflect.]

1. To reflect. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To bend back; to turn back. J. Gregory.

REFLEXED Re*flexed" (r*flkst"), a.

Defn: Bent backward or outward.

REFLEXIBILITY Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty (r*flks`*bl"*t), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réflexibilité.]

Defn: The quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the reflexibility of the rays of light. Sir I. Newton.

REFLEXIBLE Re*flex"i*ble (r*flks"*b'l), a. Etym: [CF. F. réflexible.]

Defn: Capable of being reflected, or thrown back. The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible and reflexible. Cheyne.

REFLEXION Re*flex"ion (-flk"shn), n.

Defn: See Reflection. Chaucer.

REFLEXITY Re*flex"i*ty (r*flks"*t), n.

Defn: The state or condition of being reflected. [R.]

REFLEXIVE Re*flex"ive (-v), a.

1. Etym: [Cf. F. réflexif.]

Defn: Bending or turned backward; reflective; having respect to something past. Assurance reflexive can not be a divine faith. Hammond.

2. Implying censure. [Obs.] "What man does not resent an ugly reflexive word" South.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Having for its direct object a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent; — said of certain verbs; as, the witness perjured himself; I bethought myself. Applied also to pronouns of this class; reciprocal; reflective. — Re*flex"ive*ly, adv. — Re*flex"ive*ness, n.

REFLEXIVE Re*flex"ive, adv.

Defn: In a reflex manner; reflectively.

REFLEXLY Re*flex"ly, adv.

Defn: In a reflex manner; reflectively.

REFLOAT Re"float (r"flt), n.

Defn: Reflux; ebb. [Obs.] Bacon.

REFLORESCENCE Re`flo*res"cence (r`fl*rs"sens), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A blossoming anew of a plant after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season.

REFLOURISH Re*flour"ish (r*flr"sh), v. t. & i.

Defn: To flourish again.

REFLOW Re*flow" (r*fl"), v. i.

Defn: To flow back; to ebb.

REFLOWER Re*flow"er (re*flou"er), v. i. & t.

Defn: To flower, or cause to flower, again. Sylvester.

REFLUCTUATION Re*fluc`tu*a"tion (r*flk`t*"shn; 135), n.

Defn: A flowing back; refluence.

REFLUENCE; REFLUENCY Ref"lu*ence, Ref"lu*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being refluent; a flowing back.

REFLUENT Ref"lu*ent (-ent), a. Etym: [L. refluens, p. pr. of refluere to flow back; pref. re- re- + fluere to flow. See Flurent.]

Defn: Flowing back; returning; ebbing. Cowper. And refluent through the pass of fear The battle's tide was poured. Sir W. Scott.

REFLUEUS Ref"lu*eus (-s), a. Etym: [L. refluus.]

Defn: Refluent. [Obs.]

REFLUX Re"flux` (r"flks`), a.

Defn: Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux action.

REFLUX Re"flux`, n. Etym: [F. reflux. See Refluent, Flux.]

Defn: A flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as, the flux and reflux of the tides. All from me Shall with a fierce reflux on me redound. Milton.

REFOCILLATE Re*foc"il*late (r*fs"l*lt), v. t. Etym: [L. refocillatus, p. p. of refocillare; pref. re- re- + focillare to revive by warmth.]

Defn: To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Aubrey.

REFOCILLATION Re*foc`il*la"tion (-l"shn), n.

Defn: Restoration of strength by refreshment. [Obs.] Middleton.

REFOLD Re*fold" (r*fld"), v. t.

Defn: To fold again.

REFOMENT Re`fo*ment" (r`f*mnt"), v. t.

Defn: To foment anew.

REFOREST Re*for"est, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reforested; p. pr. & vb. n. Reforesting.]

Defn: To replant with trees; to reafforest; to reforestize.

REFORESTIZATION Re*for`est*i*za`tion (r*fr`st**z"shn), n.

Defn: The act or process of reforestizing.

REFORESTIZE Re*for"est*ize (r*fr"st*z), v. t.

Defn: To convert again into a forest; to plant again with trees.

REFORGE Re*forge" (r*frj"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + forge: cf. F. reforger.]

Defn: To forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over. Udall.

REFORGER Re*for"ger (r*fr"jr), n.

Defn: One who reforges.

REFORM Re*form" (r*frm"), v. t. Etym: [F. réformer, L. reformare; pref. re- re- + formare to form, from forma form. See Form.]

Defn: To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals. The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age; but that of a good one will not reform it. Swift.

Syn. — To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair; better; improve; restore; reclaim.

REFORM Re*form", v. i.

Defn: To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; as, a man of settled habits of vice will seldom reform.

REFORM Re*form", n. Etym: [F. réforme.]

Defn: Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of government. Civil service reform. See under Civil. — Reform acts (Eng. Politics), acts of Parliament passed in 1832, 1867, 1884, 1885, extending and equalizing popular representation in Parliament. — Reform school, a school established by a state or city government, for the confinement, instruction, and reformation of juvenile offenders, and of young persons of idle, vicious, and vagrant habits. [U. S.]

Syn. — Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction. See Reformation.

RE-FORM Re-form" (r*frm"), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Re-formed (-frmd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Re-forming.]

Defn: To give a new form to; to form anew; to take form again, or to take a new form; as, to re-form the line after a charge.

REFORMABLE Re*form"a*ble (r*frm"*b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being reformed. Foxe.

REFORMADE Ref`or*made" (rf`r*md"), n.

Defn: A reformado. [Obs.]

REFORMADO Ref`or*ma"do (-m"d), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. reformar, L. reformare. SEe Reform, v. t.]

1. A monk of a reformed order. [Obs.] Weever.

2. An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay. [Obs.]

REFORMALIZE Re*form"al*ize (r*frm"al*z), v. i.

Defn: To affect reformation; to pretend to correctness. [R.]

REFORMATION Ref`or*ma"tion (rf`r*m"shn), n. Etym: [F. réformation, L. reformatio.]

1. The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners; reformation of the age; reformation of abuses. Satire lashes vice into reformation. Dryden.

2. Specifically (Eccl. Hist.), the important religious movement commenced by Luther early in the sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various Protestant churches.

Syn. — Reform; amendment; correction; rectification. — Reformation, Reform. Reformation is a more thorough and comprehensive change than reform. It is applied to subjects that are more important, and results in changes which are more lasting. A reformation involves, and is followed by, many particular reforms. "The pagan converts mention this great reformation of those who had been the greatest sinners, with that sudden and surprising change which the Christian religion made in the lives of the most profligate." Addison. "A variety of schemes, founded in visionary and impracticable ideas of reform, were suddenly produced." Pitt.

RE-FORMATION Re`-for*ma"tion (r`fr*m"shn), n.

Defn: The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; as, the reformation of a column of troops into a hollow square.

REFORMATIVE Re*form"a*tive (r*frm"*tv), a.

Defn: Forming again; having the quality of renewing form; reformatory. Good.

REFORMATORY Re*form"a*to*ry (-t*r), a.

Defn: Tending to produce reformation; reformative.

REFORMATORY Re*form"a*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (-r.

Defn: An institution for promoting the reformation of offenders. Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to reformatories instead of to prisons. Eng. Cyc.

REFORMED Re*formed" (r*frmd"), a.

1. Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of Germany, were called the Reformed churches. The town was one of the strongholds of the Reformed faith. Macaulay.

2. Amended in character and life; as, a reformed gambler or drunkard.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: Retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; — said of an officer. [Eng.]

REFORMER Re*form"er (r*frm"r), n.

1. One who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of manners, or of abuses.

2. (Eccl.Hist.)

Defn: One of those who commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin.

REFORMIST Re*form"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réformiste.]

Defn: A reformer.

REFORMLY Re*form"ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform. [Obs.] Milton.

REFORTIFICATION Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion (r*fr`t*f*k"shn), n.

Defn: A fortifying anew, or a second time. Mitford.

REFORTIFY Re*for"ti*fy (r*fr"t*f), v. t.

Defn: To fortify anew.

REFOSSION Re*fos"sion (r*fsh"n), n. Etym: [L. refodere, refossum, to dig up again. See Fosse.]

Defn: The act of digging up again. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

REFOUND Re*found" (r*found"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + found to cast; cf. F. refondare. Cf. Refund.]

1. To found or cast anew. "Ancient bells refounded." T. Warton.

2. To found or establish again; to re

REFOUND Re*found",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Refind, v. t.

REFOUNDER Re*found"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who refounds.

REFRACT Re*fract" (r*fr$kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Refracting.] Etym: [L. refractus, p. p. of refringere; pref. re- re- + frangere to break: cf. F. réfracter. SEe FRacture, and cf. Refrain, n.]

1. To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off.

2. To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from reflection; as, a dense medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from a rare medium.

REFRACTABLE Re*fract"a*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Capable of being refracted.

REFRACTED Re*fract"ed, a.

1. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf.

2. Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of light.

REFRACTING Re*fract"ing, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting medium. Refracting angle of a prism (Opt.), the angle of a triangular prism included between the two sides through which the refracted beam passes in the decomposition of light. — Refracting telescope. (Opt.) See under Telescope.

REFRACTION Re*frac"tion (r*frk"shn), n. Etym: [F. réfraction.]

1. The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.

2. The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved. Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser, is made towards the perpendicular. Sir I. Newton.

3. (Astron.) (a) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; — hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction. (b) The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude. Angle of refraction (Opt.), the angle which a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the surface separating the two media traversed by the ray. — Conical refraction (Opt.), the refraction of a ray of light into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a ray of light is passed through crystals of some substances, under certain circumstances. Conical refraction is of two kinds; external conical refraction, in which the ray issues from the crystal in the form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence; and internal conical refraction, in which the ray is changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by experiment. — Differential refraction (Astron.), the change of the apparent place of one object relative to a second object near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required to be made to the observed relative places of the two bodies. — Double refraction (Opt.), the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by all crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is said to be optically positive (like quartz), or optically negative (like calcite), or to have positive, or negative, double refraction, according as the optic axis is the axis of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly designated when the same relation holds for the acute bisectrix. — Index of refraction. See under Index. — Refraction circle (Opt.), an instrument provided with a graduated circle for the measurement of refraction. — Refraction of latitude, longitude, declination, right ascension, etc., the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc., of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric refraction. — Terrestrial refraction, the change in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying density.

REFRACTIVE Re*fract"ive (r*frkt"v), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfractif. See Refract.]

Defn: Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers. Refractive index. (Opt.) See Index of refraction, under Index. — Absolute refractive index (Opt.), the index of refraction of a substances when the ray passes into it from a vacuum. — Relative refractive index (of two media) (Opt.), the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a ray passing out of one of the media into the other.

REFRACTIVENESS Re*fract"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being refractive.

REFRACTOMETER Re`frac*tom"e*ter (r`frk*tm"*tr), n. Etym: [Refraction + -meter.] (Opt.)

Defn: A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light.

REFRACTOR Re*fract"or (r, n.

Defn: Anything that refracts; specifically: (Opt.)

Defn: A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens.

REFRACTORILY Re*frac"to*ri*ly (r*frk"t*r*l), adv.

Defn: In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately.

REFRACTORINESS Re*frac"to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being refractory.

REFRACTORY Re*frac"to*ry (-r), a. Etym: [L. refractorius, fr. refringere: cf. F. refractaire. See Refract.]

1. Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast. Raging appetites that are Most disobedient and refractory. Shak.

2. Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; — said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore.

Syn. — Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate; unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.

REFRACTORY Re*frac"to*ry, n.

1. A refractory person. Bp. Hall.

2. Refractoriness. [Obs.] Jer. TAylor.

3. OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. Knight.

REFRACTURE Re*frac"ture (r*frk"tr;135), n. (Surg.)

Defn: A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.

REFRACTURE Re*frac"ture, v. t. (Surg.)

Defn: To break again, as a bone.

REFRAGABLE Ref"ra*ga*ble (rf"r*g*b'l), a. Etym: [LL. refragabilis, fr. L. refragari to oppose.]

Defn: Capable of being refuted; refutable. [R.] — Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. [R.] — Ref`*ra*ga*bil"i*ty (-b, n. [R.]

REFRAGATE Ref"ra*gate (-gt), v. i. Etym: [L. refragatus, p. p. of refragor.]

Defn: To oppose. [R.] Glanvill.

REFRAIN Re*frain" (r*frn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refrained (-frnd"); p. pr. & vb/ n. Refraining.] Etym: [OE. refreinen, OF. refrener, F. refr, fr. L. refrenare; influenced by OF. refraindre to restrain, moderate, fr. LL. refrangere, for L. refringere to break up, break (see Refract). L. refrenare is fr. pref. re- back + frenum bridle; cf. Skr. dh to hold.]

1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern. His reson refraineth not his foul delight or talent. Chaucer. Refrain thy foot from their path. Prov. i. 15.

2. To abstain from [Obs.] Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other counsel than to refrain cold drink. Sir T. Browne.

REFRAIN Re*frain", v. i.

Defn: To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain. Refrain from these men, and let them alone. Acts v. 38. They refrained therefrom [eating flesh] some time after. Sir T. Browne.

Syn. — To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.

REFRAIN Re*frain", n. Etym: [F. refrain, fr. OF. refraindre; cf. Pr. refranhs a refrain, refranher to repeat. See Refract,Refrain, v.]

Defn: The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition. We hear the wild refrain. Whittier.

REFRAINER Re*frain"er (r*frn"r), n.

Defn: One who refrains.

REFRAINMENT Re*frain"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Act of refraining. [R.]

REFRAME Re*frame" (r*frm), v. t.

Defn: To frame again or anew.

REFRANGIBILITY Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (r*frn`j*bl"*t), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réfrangibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being refrangible.

REFRANGIBLE Re*fran"gi*ble (-frn"j*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfrangible. See Refract.]

Defn: Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light. — Re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.

REFRENATION Ref`re*na"tion (rf`r*n"shn), n. Etym: [L. refrenatio. See Refrain, v. t.]

Defn: The act of refraining. [Obs.]

REFRESH Re*fresh" (r*frsh"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refreshed (-frsht"); p. pr. & vb. n. Refreshing.] Etym: [OE. refreshen, refreschen, OF. refreschir (cf. OF. rafraischir, rafreschir, F. rafra); pref. re- re- + fres fresh. F. frais. See Fresh, a.]

1. To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the mind. Chaucer. Foer they have refreshed my spirit and yours. 1 Cor. xvi. 18. And labor shall refresh itself with hope. Shak.

2. To make as if new; to repair; to restore. The rest refresh the scaly snakes that folDryden. To refresh the memory, to quicken or strengthen it, as by a reference, review, memorandum, or suggestion.

Syn. — To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate; renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.

REFRESH Re*fresh", n.

Defn: The act of refreshing. [Obs.] Daniel.

REFRESHER Re*fresh"er (-r), n.

1. One who, or that which, refreshes.

2. (Law)

Defn: An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted. Ten guineas a day is the highest refresher which a counsel can charge. London Truth.

REFRESHFUL Re*fresh"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Full of power to refresh; refreshing. — Re*fresh"ful*ly, adv.

REFRESHING Re*fresh"ing, a.

Defn: Reviving; reanimating. — Re*fresh"ing*ly, adv. — Re*fresh"ing*ness, n.

REFRESHMENT Re*fresh"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [CF. OF. refreschissement, F. rafraîchissement.]

1. The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression.

2. That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.

REFRET Re*fret" (r*frt"), n. Etym: [OF. refret, L. refractus, p. p. See Refrain, n., Refract.]

Defn: Refrain. [Obs.] Bailey.

REFREYD Re*freyd" (r*frd"), v. t. Etym: [OF. refreidier.]

Defn: To chill; to cool. [Obs.] Refreyded by sickness . . . or by cold drinks. Chaucer.

REFRICATION Ref`ri*ca"tion (rf`r*k"shn), n. Etym: [L. refricare to rub again.]

Defn: A rubbing up afresh; a brightening. [Obs.] A continual refrication of the memory. Bp. Hall.

REFRIGERANT Re*frig"er*ant (r*frj"r-ant), a. Etym: [L. refrigerans, p. pr. of refrigerare: cf. F. réfrigérant. See Refrigerate.]

Defn: Cooling; allaying heat or fever. Bacon.

REFRIGERANT Re*frig"er*ant, n.

Defn: That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; — used also figuratively. Holland. "A refrigerant to passion." Blair.

REFRIGERATE Re*frig"er*ate (-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refrigerated (-`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Refrigerating.] Etym: [L. refrigeratus, p. p. cf. refrigerare; pref. re- re- + grigerare to make cool, fr. fragus, frigoris, coolness. See Frigid.]

Defn: To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool.

REFRIGERATION Re*frig`er*a"tion (-"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réfrigération, L. refrigeratio.]

Defn: The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.

REFRIGERATIVE Re*frig"er*a*tive (r*frj"r**tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfrigératif.]

Defn: Cooling; allaying heat. — n.

Defn: A refrigerant. Crazed brains should come under a refrigerative treatment. I. Taylor.

REFRIGERATOR Re*frig"er*a`tor (-`tr), n.

Defn: That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool. Specifically: (a) A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of ice. (b) An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc. Refrigerator car (Railroad), a freight car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation of fresh meats, fish, etc., in a temperature kept cool by ice.

REFRIGERATORY Re*frig"er*a*to*ry (-*t*r), a. Etym: [L. refrigeratorius.]

Defn: Mitigating heat; cooling.

REFRIGERATORY Re*frig"er*a*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (-fr. Etym: [CF. F. réfrigératoire.]

Defn: That which refrigerates or cools. Specifically: (a) In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed. (b) The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice machine.

REFRIGERIUM Ref`ri*ge"ri*um (rf`r*j"r*m), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Cooling refreshment; refrigeration. [Obs.] South.

REFRINGENCY Re*frin"gen*cy (r*frn"jen*s), n.

Defn: The power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; as, different substances have different refringencies. Nichol.

REFRINGENT Re*frin"gent (-jent), a. Etym: [L. refringens, p. pr. of refringere. See Refract.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive; refracting; as, a refringent prism of spar. Nichol.

REFT Reft (rft), imp. & p. p. of Reave.

Defn: Bereft. Reft of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn. Heber.

REFT Reft, n.

Defn: A chink; a rift. See Rift. Rom. of R.

REFUGE Ref"uge (rf"j), n. Etym: [F. réfuge, L. refugium, fr. refugere to flee back; pref. re- + figere. SEe Fugitive.]

1. Shelter or protection from danger or distress. Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these Find place or refuge. Milton. We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us. Heb. vi. 18.

2. That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy. The high hills are a refuger the wild goats. Ps. civ. 18. The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed. Ps. ix. 9.

3. An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or contrivance. Their latest refuge Was to send him. Shak. Light must be supplied, among gracefulrefuges, by terracing Sir H. Wotton. Cities of refuge (Jewish Antiq.), certain cities appointed as places of safe refuge for persons who had committed homicide without design. Of these there were three on each side of Jordan. Josh. xx. — House of refuge, a charitable institution for giving shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or tempted.

Syn. — Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.

REFUGE Ref"uge (rf"j), v. t.

Defn: To shelter; to protect. [Obs.]

REFUGEE Ref`u*gee" (rf`*j"), n. Etym: [F. réfugié, fr. se réfugier to take refuge. See Refuge, n.]

1. One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.

2. Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the French refugees who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes.

REFULGENCE; REFULGENCY Re*ful"gence, Re*ful"gen*cy, n. Etym: [L. refulgentia. See Refulgent.]

Defn: The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance.

REFULGENT Re*ful"gent (r*fl"jent), a. Etym: [L. refulgens, p. pr. of refulgere to flash back, to shine bright; pref. re- re- + fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.]

Defn: Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. — Re*ful"gent*ly, adv. So conspicuous and refulgent a truth. Boyle.

REFUND Re*fund" (r*fnd"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + fund.]

Defn: To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to refund a railroad loan.

REFUND Re*fund" (r*fnd"), v. t. Etym: [L. refundere; pref. re- re- + fundere to pour: cf. F. refondre, refonder. See Fuse to melt, and cf. Refound to cast again, 1st Refuse.]

1. To pour back. [R. & Obs.] Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they would refund that color upon the object. Ray.

2. To give back; to repay; to restore. A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced to refund what he had wrongfully taken. L'Estrange.

3. To supply again with funds; to reimburse. [Obs.]

REFUNDER Re*fund"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who refunds.

REFUNDMENT Re*fund"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of refunding; also, that which is refunded. [R.] Lamb.

REFURBISH Re*fur"bish (r*fr"bsh), v. t.

Defn: To furbish anew.

REFURNISH Re*fur"nish (-nsh), v. t.

Defn: To furnish again.

REFURNISHMENT Re*fur"nish*ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of refurnishing, or state of being refurnished. The refurnishment was in a style richer than before. L. Wallace.

REFUSABLE Re*fus"a*ble (r*fz"*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. refusable. See Refuse.]

Defn: Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.

REFUSAL Re*fus"al (-al), n.

1. The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance. Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels, On my refusal, to distress me more Milton.

2. The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of a farm; to have the refusal of an employment.

REFUSE Re*fuse" (r*fz"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refused (-fzd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Refusing.] Etym: [F. refuser, either from (assumed) LL. refusare to refuse, v. freq. of L. refundere to pour back, give back, restore (see Refund to repay), or. fr. L. recusare to decline, refuse cf. Accuse, Ruse), influenced by L. refutare to drive back, repel, refute. Cf. Refute.]

1. To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant. That never yet refused your hest. Chaucer.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops aras, to refuse the right wing while the left wing attacks.

3. To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition of; as, to refuse a suitor. The cunning workman never doth refuse The meanest tool that he may chance to use. Herbert.

4. To disown. [Obs.] "Refuse thy name." Shak.

REFUSE Re*fuse", v. i.

Defn: To deny compliance; not to comply. Too proud to ask, too humble to refuse. Garth. If ye refuse . . . ye shall be devoured with the sword. Isa. i. 20.

REFUSE Re*fuse", n.

Defn: Refusal. [Obs.] Fairfax.

REFUSE Ref`use (rf"s;277), n. Etym: [F. refus refusal, also, that which is refused. See Refuse to deny.]

Defn: That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter.

Syn. — Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.

REFUSE Ref"use, a.

Defn: Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless. Everything that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly. 1. Sam. xv. 9.

REFUSER Re*fus"er (r*fz"r), n.

Defn: One who refuses or rejects.

REFUSION Re*fu"sion (r*f"zhn), n. Etym: [Pref. re-+ fusion.]

1. New or repeated melting, as of metals.

2. Restoration. "This doctrine of the refusion of the soul." Bp. Warbuton.

REFUT Ref"ut (rf"t), n. Etym: [OF. refuite.]

Defn: Refuge. "Thou haven of refut." [Obs.] Chaucer.

REFUTABILITY Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty (r*ft`*bl"*t), n.

Defn: The quality of being refutable.

REFUTABLE Re*fut"a*ble (r*ft"*b'l;277), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réfutable.]

Defn: Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous.

REFUTAL Re*fut"al (r*ft"al), n.

Defn: Act of refuting; refutation.

REFUTATION Ref`u*ta"tion (rf`*t"shn), n. Etym: [L. refutatio: cf. F. réfutation.]

Defn: The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof. Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a refutation. Macaulay.

REFUTATORY Re*fut"a*to*ry (r*ft"*t*r), a. Etym: [L. refutatorius: cf. F. réfutatoire.]

Defn: Tending tu refute; refuting.

REFUTE Re*fute" (r*F3t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Refuting.] Etym: [F. réfuter, L. refuteare to repel, refute. Cf. Confute, Refuse to deny.]

Defn: To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or theories; to refute a disputant. There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is impossible to refute such multitudes. Addison.

Syn. — To confute; disprove. See Confute.

REFUTER Re*fut"er (-ft"r), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, refutes.

REGAIN Re*gain" (r*gn"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + gain: cf. F. regagner.]

Defn: To gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again.

Syn. — To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.

REGAL Re"gal (r"gal), a. Etym: [L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, a king. See Royal, and cf. Rajah, Realm, Regalia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal authority, pomp, or sway. "The regal title." Shak. He made a scorn of his regal oath. Milton.

Syn. — Kingly; royal. See Kingly.

REGAL Re"gal, n. Etym: [F. régale, It. regale. CF. Rigoll.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows being worked with the other, — used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

REGALE Re*ga"le (r*g"l), n. Etym: [LL. regale, pl. regalia, fr. L. regalis: cf. F. régale. See Regal.]

Defn: A prerogative of royalty. [R.] Johnson.

REGALE Re*gale" (r*gl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regaled (-gld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Regaling.] Etym: [F. régaler, Sp. regalar to regale, to caress, to melt, perhaps fr. L. regalare to thaw (cff. Gelatin), or cf. Sp. gala graceful, pleasing address, choicest part of a thing (cf. Gala), or most likely from OF. galer to rejoice, gale pleasure.]

Defn: To enertaas, to regale the taste, the eye, or the ear.

REGALE Re*gale", v. i.

Defn: To feast; t

REGALE Re*gale", n. Etym: [F. régal. See Regale, v. t.]

Defn: A sumptuous repast; a banquet. Johnson. Cowper. Two baked custards were produced as additions to the regale. E. E. Hale.

REGALEMENT Re*gale"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment; entertainment.

REGALER Re*gal"er (-gl"r), n.

Defn: One who regales.

REGALIA Re*ga"li*a (r*g"l*), n. pl. Etym: [LL., from L. regalisregal. See Regal.]

1. That which belongs to royalty. Specifically: (a) The rights and prerogatives of a king. (b) Royal estates and revenues. (c) Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.

2. Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc.

3. Sumptuous food; delicacies. [Obs.] Cotton. Regalia of a church, the privileges granted to it by kings; sometimes, its patrimony. Brande & C.

REGALIA Re*ga"li*a, n.

Defn: A kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars are classed.

REGALIAN Re*ga"li*an (-an), a.

Defn: Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or prerogatives. Hallam.

REGALISM Re"gal*ism (r"gal*z'm), n.

Defn: The doctrine of royal prerogative or supremacy. [R.] Cardinal Manning.

REGALITY Re*gal"i*ty (r*gl"*t), n. Etym: [LL. regalitas, from L. regalis regal, royal. See Regal, and cf. Royality.]

1. Royalty; ssovereignty; sovereign jurisdiction. [Passion] robs reason of her due regalitie. Spenser. He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage in all points of regality. Bacon.

2. An ensign or badge of royalty. [Obs.]

REGALLY Re"gal*ly (r"gal*l), adv.

Defn: In a regal or royal manner.

REGARD Re*gard" (r*grd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Regarding.] Etym: [F. regarder; pref. re- re + garder to guard, heed, keep. See Guard, and cf. Reward.]

1. To keep in view; to behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon. Your niece regards me with an eye of favor. Shak.

2. Hence, to look or front toward; to face. [Obs.] It is peninsula which regardeth the mainland. Sandys. That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the assregarding the river. Evelyn.

3. To look closely at; to observe attentively; to pay attention to; to notice or remark particularly. If much you note him, You offened him; . . . feed, and regard him not. Shak.