S (continued 2)

SALICYLIC Sal`i*cyl"ic, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.

SALICYLIDE Sal"i*cyl`ide, n. Etym: [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of salicylic acid.

SALICYLITE Sal"i*cyl`ite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of salicylal; — named after the analogy of a salt.

SALICYLOL Sal"i*cyl`ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Salicylal.

SALICYLOUS Sa*lic"y*lous ( or ), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a substance called salicylous acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]

SALIENCE Sa"li*ence, n. Etym: [See Salient.]

1. That quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an assaulting.

2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected; projection; protrusion. Sir W. Hamilton.

SALIENCY Sa"li*en*cy, n.

Defn: Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal lack of poetic saliency." J. Morley.

SALIENT Sa"li*ent, a. Etym: [L. saliens, -entis, p.pr. of salire to leap; cf. F. saillant. See Sally, n. & v. i..]

1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and salient animals." Sir T. Browne.

2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting. He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly action. Burke.

3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable. He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft.

4. (Math. & Fort.)

Defn: Projectiong outwardly; as, a salient angle; — opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion.

5. (Her.)

Defn: Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient. Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. — Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are salient. — Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.

SALIENT Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.)

Defn: A salient angle or part; a projection.

SALIENTLY Sa"li*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a salient manner.

SALIFEROUS Sa*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sal salt + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing, or impregnated with, salt. Saliferous rocks (Geol.), the New Red Sandstone system of some geologists; — so called because, in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology.

SALIFIABLE Sal"i*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salifiable. See Salify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; — said of bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable.

SALIFICATION Sal`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salification.] (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being salified.

SALIFY Sal"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salified; p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying.] Etym: [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Chem.) (a) To combine or impregnate with a salt. (b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a base or an acid.

SALIGENIN Sa*lig"e*nin, n. Etym: [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; — called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.

SALIGOT Sal"i*got, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: The water chestnut (Trapa natans).

SALIMETER Sal*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution. [Written also salometer.]

SALIMETRY Sal*im"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.

SALINA Sa*li"na, n. Etym: [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt. See Saline, a.]

1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.

2. Salt works.

SALINA PERIOD Sa*li"na pe"ri*od. Etym: [So called from Salina, a town in New York.] (Geol.)

Defn: The period in which the American Upper Silurian system, containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed. See the Chart of Geology.

SALINATION Sal`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs..] Greenhill.

SALINE Sa"line ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L. salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt.]

1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic.

2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.

SALINE Sa"line ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Cf. F. saline. See Saline, a.]

Defn: A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.

SALINE Sal"ine, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.]

2. (Med. Chem.)

Defn: A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.

SALINENESS Sa*line"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being salt; saltness.

SALINIFEROUS Sal`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Saline + -ferous.]

Defn: Same as Saliferous.

SALINIFORM Sa*lin"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common salt.

SALINITY Sa*lin"i*ty, n.

Defn: Salineness. Carpenter.

SALINOMETER Sal`i*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Saline + -meter.]

Defn: A salimeter.

SALINOUS Sa*lin"ous, a.

Defn: Saline. [Obs.]

SALIQUE Sal"ique ( or ), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Salic. Shak. She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique. Tennyson.

SALIRETIN Sal`i*re"tin, n. Etym: [Saligenin + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.

SALISBURIA Sal`is*bu"ri*a, n. Etym: [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia).

SALITE Sal"ite, v. t. Etym: [L. salitus, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt.]

Defn: To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]

SALITE Sa"lite, n. Etym: [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color. [Written also sahlite.]

SALIVA Sa*li"va, n. Etym: [L.; cf. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: The secretion from the salivary glands.

Note: In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important degestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.

SALIVAL Sa*li"val, a.

Defn: Salivary.

SALIVANT Sal"i*vant, a. Etym: [L. salivans, p.pr. of salivare. See Salivate.]

Defn: Producing salivation.

SALIVANT Sal"i*vant, n.

Defn: That which produces salivation.

SALIVARY Sal"i*va*ry, a. Etym: [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F. salivaire.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.

SALIVATE Sal"i*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salivated; p. pr. & vb. n. Salivating.] Etym: [L. salivatus, p.p. of salivare to salivate. See Saliva.]

Defn: To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury. over.; as, salivate over the prospects of high profits from an enterprise.

Note: Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them.

SALIVATION Sal`i*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. salivatio: cf. F. salivation.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often accompained with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism.

Note: It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.

SALIVOUS Sa*li"vous, a. Etym: [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.]

Defn: Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.

SALIX Sa"lix, n.; pl. Salices. Etym: [L., the willow.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like, growing usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.

SALLENDERS Sal"len*ders, n. pl. Etym: [F. solandres, solandre.] (Far.)

Defn: An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also sellanders, and sellenders.] On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called "mallenders" in the fore leg, and "sallenders" in the hind leg. Youatt.

SALLET Sal"let, n. Etym: [F. salade, Sp. celada, or It. celata, fr. L. (cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So called from the figures engraved upon it.]

Defn: A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the 15th century. [Written also salade.] Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved. Latimer.

SALLET; SALLETING Sal"let, Sal"let*ing, n.

Defn: Salad. [Obs.] Shak.

SALLIANCE Sal"li*ance, n.

Defn: Salience. [Obs.]

SALLOW Sal"low, n. Etym: [OE. salwe, AS. sealth; akin to OHG. salaha, G. salwiede, Icel. selja L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach, Gael. seileach, W. helyg, Gr.

1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson. And bend the pliant sallow to a shield. Fawkes. The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb. Emerson.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to certain species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc. Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.

SALLOW Sal"low, a. [Compar. Sallower; superl. Sallowest.] Etym: [AS. salu; akin to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. sölr yellow.]

Defn: Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.

SALLOW Sal"low, v. t.

Defn: To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic] July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields. Lowell.

SALLOWISH Sal"low*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat sallow. Dickens.

SALLOWNESS Sal"low*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.

SALLY Sal"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sallied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sallying.] Etym: [F. saillir, fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to gr. Sallient, Assail, Assault, Exult, Insult, Saltation, Saltire.]

Defn: To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally. They break the truce, and sally out by night. Dryden. The foe retires, — she heads the sallying host. Byron.

SALLY Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies. Etym: [F. saillie, fr. sailir. See Sally, v.]

1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.

2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie. Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with loss. Bacon.

3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation. Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still round in the same track. Locke.

4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of a quick and active mind. The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies. Sir W. Scott.

5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade. The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth. Sir H. Wotton. Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.

SALLY LUNN Sal"ly Lunn". Etym: [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said to have first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.]

Defn: A tea cake slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.

SALLYMAN Sal"ly*man, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The velella; — called also saleeman.

SALM Salm, n.

Defn: Psalm. [Obs.] Piers plowman.

SALMAGUNDI Sal`ma*gun"di, n. Etym: [F. salmigondis of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles + condita preserved (see Condite); or from the Countess Salmagondi, lady of honor to Maria de Medici, who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame salt meat, and F. salmis a ragout.]

1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil, vinegar, pepper, and onions. Johnson.

2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany. W. Irving.

SALMI Sal"mi, n. (Cookery)

Defn: Same as Salmis.

SALMIAC Sal"mi*ac, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Sal ammoniac. See under Sal.

SALMIS Sal`mis", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A ragout or partky roasted game stewed with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke appetite.

SALMON Salm"on, n.; pl. Salmons or (collectively) Salmon. Etym: [OE. saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr. L. salmo, salmonis perhaps from salire to leap. Cf. Sally, v.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat.

Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are: Black salmon, or Lake salmon, the namaycush. — Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta). — Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). — King salmon, the quinnat. — Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon. Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail.

2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon. Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. — Salmon killer (Zoöl.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern Asia. — Salmon ladder, salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish. — Salmon peel, a young salmon. — Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. — Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.

SALMON Salm"on, a.

Defn: Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.

SALMONET Salm"on*et, n. Etym: [Cf. Samlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon of small size; a samlet.

SALMONOID Sal"mon*oid, a. Etym: [Salmon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the Salmonidæ, a family of fishes including the trout and salmon. — n.

Defn: Any fish of the family Salmonidæ.

SALOGEN Sal"o*gen, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A halogen. [Obs.]

SALOL Sal"ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance consisting of phenol salicylate.

SALOMETER sa*lom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Salimeter.

SALOMETRY Sa*lom"e*try, n.

Defn: Salimetry.

SALON Sa`lon", n. Etym: [F. See Saloon.]

Defn: An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of fashionable society.

SALON Sa`lon", n.

Defn: An apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art; hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris by the Society of French Artists; — sometimes called the Old Salon. New Salon is a popular name for an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (National Society of Fine Arts), a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Société des Artistes Français (Society of French Artists).

SALOON Sa*loon", n. Etym: [F. salon (cf. It. salone), fr. F. salle a large room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G. saal; akin to AS. sæl, sele, D. zaal, Icel. salr, Goth. saljan to dwell, and probably to L. solum ground. Cf. Sole of the foot, Soil ground, earth.]

1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat. The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . . gave banquets and balls. Macaulay.

2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon. We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at Athens.] J. P. Mahaffy.

SALOOP Sa*loop", n.

Defn: An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and other ingredients, at one time much used in London. J. Smith (Dict. econ. Plants). Saloop bush (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Rhagodia hastata) of the Goosefoot family, used for fodder.

SALP Salp, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Salpa, or of the family Salpidæ.

SALPA Sal"pa, n.; pl. L. Salpæ, E. Salpas. Etym: [NL.: cf. L. salpa a kind of stockfish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which lives solitary, and produces, by budding from an internal organ, a series of the other kind. These are united together, side by side, so as to form a chain, or cluster, often of large size. Each of the individuals composing the chain carries a single egg, which develops into the solitary kind.

SALPIAN; SALPID Sal"pi*an, Sal"pid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salpa.

SALPICON Sal"pi*con, n. Etym: [F. salpicon, Sp. salpicon.]

Defn: Chopped meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints; stuffing; farce. Bacon.

SALPINGITIS Sal`pin*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Salpinx, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the salpinx.

SALPINX Sal"pinx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Old Anat.)

Defn: The Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.

SALSAFY Sal"sa*fy, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Salsify.

SALSAMENTARIOUS Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salsamentarius, fr. salsamentum brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p.p. of salire to salt.]

Defn: Salt; salted; saline. [R.]

SALSE Salse, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with salts, whence the name.

SALSIFY Sal"si*fy, n. Etym: [F. salsifis.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Oyster plant (a), under Oyster.

SALSO-ACID Sal"so-ac`id, a. Etym: [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.]

Defn: Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt and acid. [R.]

SALSODA Sal`so"da, n.

Defn: See Sal soda, under Sal.

SALSOLA Sal"so*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they contain alkaline salts.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the glasswort. See Glasswort.

SALSUGINOUS sal*su"gi*nous, a. Etym: [L. salsugo, -ginis, saltness from salsus salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in brackish places or in salt marches.

SALT Salt, n. Etym: [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout, G. salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. sole, Ir. & Gael. salann, W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal, Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce, Sausage.]

1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.

2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning. Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some salt of our youth in us. Shak.

3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.

4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar. I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts. Pepys.

5. A sailor; — usually qualified by old. [Colloq.] Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping, clusters of old salts. Hawthorne.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.

Note: Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts See Phrases below.

7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt. Ye are the salt of the earth. Matt. v. 13.

8. pl.

Defn: Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.

9. pl.

Defn: Marches flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.] Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See Saltfoot. His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt. B. Jonson. — Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt. (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is a neutral salt. — Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline reaction, as sodium carbonate. — Amphid salt (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide. [Obsolescent] — Basic salt (Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the acid. (b) An alkaline salt. — Binary salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical. — Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium sulphate. See under Double. — Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary. — Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by crystalizing plant juices. — Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. — Glauber's salt or salts. See in Vocabulary. — Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as sodium chloride. — Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See under Microcosmic. — Neutral salt. (Chem.) (a A salt in which the acid and base (in theory) neutralize each other. (b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction. — Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid. — Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] — Permanent salt, a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air. — Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or analogous compound. — Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle. — Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic acid. — Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate of iron. — Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride. (b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn, under Hartshorn. — Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below. — Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; — the alchemical of lead being Saturn. — Salt of Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt. — Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate. — Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; — so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called salt of lemon. — Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; — so called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium tartrate. [Obs.] — Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper sulphate; — the alchemical name of copper being Venus. — Salt of wisdom. See Alembroth. — Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid. — Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or analogous compound. — Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit. — Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen.

SALT Salt, a. [Compar. Salter; superl. Saltest.] Etym: [AS. sealt, salt. See Salt, n.]

1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water. "Salt tears." Chaucer.

2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.

3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent. I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me. Shak.

4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. Shak. Salt acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. — Salt block, an apparatus for evaporating brine; a salt factory. Knight. — Salt bottom, a flat piece of ground covered with saline efforescences. [Western U.S.] bartlett. — Salt cake (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of sodium sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the first stage in the manufacture of soda, according to Leblanc's process. — Salt fish. (a) Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar fishes that have been salted and dried for food. (b) A marine fish. — Salt garden, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of sea water for the production of salt, employing large shallow basins excavated near the seashore. — Salt gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of brine; a salimeter. — Salt horse, salted beef. [Slang] — Salt junk, hard salt beef for use at sea. [Slang] — Salt lick. See Lick, n. — Salt marsh, grass land subject to the overflow of salt water. — Salt-marsh caterpillar (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Spilosoma acreæ which is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also wooly bear. See Illust. under Moth, Pupa, and Woolly bear, under Woolly. — Salt-marsh fleabane (Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb (Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads, growing in salt marshes. — Salt-marsh hen (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under Rail. — Salt-marsh terrapin (Zoöl.), the diamond-back. — Salt mine, a mine where rock salt is obtained. — Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for making salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun. (b) pl. Salt works. — Salt pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made. — Salt rising, a kind of yeast in which common salt is a principal ingredient. [U.S.] — Salt raker, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or inclosures from the sea. — Salt sedative (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] — Salt spring, a spring of salt water. — Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia. — Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears. Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here. Shak. — Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. — Salt-water tailor. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish.

SALT Salt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n. Salting.]

1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.

2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber. To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant] — To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.

SALT Salt, v. i.

Defn: To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.

SALT Salt, n. Etym: [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.]

Defn: The act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SALTANT Sal"tant, a. Etym: [L. saltans, p.pr. of saltare to dance, v. intens. fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See Sally, v.]

1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.

2. (Her.)

Defn: In a leaping position; springing forward; — applied especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.

SALTARELLA Sal`ta*rel"la, n.

Defn: See Saltarello.

SALTARELLO Sal`ta*rel"lo, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.]

Defn: A popular Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets, but with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See Tarantella.

SALTATE Sal"tate, v. i. Etym: [See Saltant.]

Defn: To leap or dance. [R.]

SALTATION Sal*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.]

1. A leaping or jumping. Continued his saltation without pause. Sir W. Scott.

2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great artery.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or appearance of a species; a sudden modification which may give rise to new races. We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise to some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known forms. Huxley.

SALTATORIA Sal`ta*to"ri*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets.

SALTATORIAL Sal`ta*to"ri*al, a.

1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial exercises.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Saltatorious. (b) Of or pertaining to the Saltatoria.

SALTATORIOUS Sal`ta*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a saltatorious insect or leg.

SALTATORY Sal"ta*to"ry, a. Etym: [L. saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf. Saltire.]

Defn: Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping or dancing. Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a theory of evolution which holds that the transmutation of species is not always gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked variations. See Saltation. — Saltatory spasm (Med.), an affection in which pressure of the foot on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and jumping. J. Ross.

SALTBUSH Salt"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of the Goosefoot family.

SALTCAT Salt"cat`, n.

Defn: A mixture of salt, coarse meal lime, etc., attractive to pigeons.

SALTCELLAR Salt"cel*lar, n. Etym: [OE. saltsaler; salt + F. salière saltcellar, from L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Salary.]

Defn: Formerly a large vessel, now a small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on the table.

SALTER Salt"er, n.

Defn: One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or fish.

SALTERN Salt"ern, n.

Defn: A building or place where salt is made by boiling or by evaporation; salt works.

SALTFOOT Salt"foot`, n.

Defn: A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.

SALT-GREEN Salt"-green, a.

Defn: Sea-green in color. Shak.

SALTIE Salt"ie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European dab.

SALTIER Sal"tier, n.

Defn: See Saltire.

SALTIGRADAE Sal`ti*gra"dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of spiders including those which lie in wait and leap upon their prey; the leaping spiders.

SALTIGRADE Sal"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F. saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feet or legs formed for leaping.

SALTIGRADE Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Saltigradæ a tribe of spiders which leap to seize their prey.

SALTIMBANCO Sal`tim*ban"co, n. Etym: [It., literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco a bench.]

Defn: A mountebank; a quack. [Obs.] [Written also santibanco.] Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans. Sir T. browne.

SALTING Salt"ing, n.

1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with salt.

2. A salt marsh.

SALTIRE Sal"tire, n. Etym: [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See Saltatory, Sally, v.] (Her.)

Defn: A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, — one of the honorable ordinaries.

SALTIREWISE Sal"tire*wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: In the manner of a saltire; — said especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines drawn in the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and crossing at the center.

SALTISH Salt"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat salt. — Salt"ish*ly, adv. — Salt"ish*ness, n.

SALTLESS Salt"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of salt; insipid.

SALTLY Salt"ly, adv.

Defn: With taste of salt; in a salt manner.

SALTMOUTH Salt"mouth`, n.

Defn: A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals, especially crystallized salts.

SALTNESS Salt"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea water.

SALTPETER; SALTPETRE Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre, (, n. Etym: [F. salpêtre, NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone salt; Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Potassium nitrate; niter, a white crystalline substance, KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter. — Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; — sometimes so called because made from saltpeter.

SALTPETROUS Salt`pe"trous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salpêtreux.]

Defn: Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]

SALT RHEUM Salt" rheum. (Med.)

Defn: A popular name, esp. in the United States, for various cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See Eczema.

SALTWORT Salt`wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore, as the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See Glasswort. Black saltwort, the sea milkwort.

SALTY Salt"y, a.

Defn: Somewhat salt; saltish.

SALUBRIOUS Sa*lu"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salubris, or saluber, fr. salus health; akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See Safe.]

Defn: Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as, salubrious air, water, or climate.

Syn. — Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary. — Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv. — Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.

SALUBRITY Sa*lu"bri*ty, n. Etym: [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrité See Salubrious.]

Defn: The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the preservation of health; salubriousness; wholesomeness; healthfulness; as, the salubrity of the air, of a country, or a climate. "A sweet, dry small of salubrity." G. W. Cable.

SALUE Sa*lue", v. t. Etym: [F. saluer. See Salute.]

Defn: To salute. [Obs.] There was no "good day" and no saluyng. Chaucer.

SALUTARY Sal"u*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis, health safety: cf. F. salutaire. See Salubrious.]

1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health; as, salutary exercise.

2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose; beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.

Syn. — Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful; advantageous; profitable. — Sal"u*ta*ri*ly, adv. — Sal"u*ta*ri*ness, n.

SALUTATION Sal`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See Salute.]

Defn: The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the customary words or actions; the act of greeting, or expressing good will or courtesy; also, that which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting. In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms of salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst the most sober persons. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. — Greeting; salute; address. — Salutation, Greeting, Salute, Greeting is the general word for all manner of expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when persons meet or communicate with each other. A greeting may be hearty and loving, chilling and offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of legal documents. Salutation more definitely implies a wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well as at meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes still in the sense of either greeting or salutation, is now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration not expressed in words. The guests received a greeting which relieved their embrassment, offered their salutations in well-chosen terms, and when they retired, as when they entered, made a deferential salute. Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets. Luke xi. 43. When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb. Luke i. 41. I shall not trouble my reader with the first salutes of our three friends. Addison.

SALUTATORIAN Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an, n.

Defn: The student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual Commencement or like exercises of a college, — an honor commonly assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second in scholarship. [U.S.]

SALUTATORILY Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of salutation.

SALUTATORY Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutatorius. See Salute.]

Defn: Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome; greeting; — applied especially to the oration which introduces the exercises of the Commencements, or similar public exhibitions, in American colleges.

SALUTATORY Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n.

1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch. [Obs.] Milton.

2. (American Colleges)

Defn: The salutatory oration.

SALUTE Sa*lute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Saluting.] Etym: [L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis, health, safety. See Salubrious.]

1. To adress, as with expressions of kind wishes and courtesy; to greet; to hail. I salute you with this kingly title. Shak.

2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc. You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the freedom to salute it. Addison.

3. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc.

4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify. [Obs.] "If this salute my blood a jot." Shak.

SALUTE Sa*lute", n. Etym: [Cf. F. salut. See Salute, v.]

1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.

2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson.

3. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.

SALUTER Sa*lut"er, n.

Defn: One who salutes.

SALUTIFEROUS Sal`u*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. salutifer; salus, -utis, health + ferre to bring.]

Defn: Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as, salutiferous air. [R.] Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous. Cudworth.

Syn. — Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.

SALUTIFEROUSLY Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Salutarily. [R.]

SALVABILITY Sal`va*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness. [R.] In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not possible outside the communion of the visible organization. A. V. G. Allen.

SALVABLE Sal"va*ble, a. Etym: [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf. Savable.]

Defn: Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. Dr. H. More. — Sal"va*ble*ness, n. — Sal"va*bly, adv.

SALVAGE Sal"vage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. salvage, OF. salver to save, F. sauver, fr. L. salvare. See Save.]

1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from perils of the sea. Salvage of life from a british ship, or a foreign ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of goods. Encyc. Brit.

2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.

SALVAGE Sal"vage, a. & n.

Defn: Savage. [Obs.] Spenser.

SALVATION Sal*va"tion, n. Etym: [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F. salvation, fr. L. salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See Save.]

1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from destruction, danger, or great calamity.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness. To earn salvation for the sons of men. Milton. Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2. Cor. vii. 10.

3. Saving power; that which saves. Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will show to you to-day. Ex. xiv. 13. Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists, male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of the chief being "General." They wear a uniform, and in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military style.

SALVATIONIST Sal*va"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.

SALVATORY Sal"va*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.]

Defn: A place where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

SALVE Sal"ve, interj. Etym: [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to be well. Cf. Salvo a volley.]

Defn: Hail!

SALVE Sal"ve ( or ), v. t.

Defn: To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.] By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved them. Spenser.

SALVE Salve, n. Etym: [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D. zalve, zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salva, Goth. salb to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) sapris clarified butter. sq. root155, 291.]

1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer.

2. A soothing remedy or antidote. Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores. Milton. Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora), parasitic on the halibut and codfish, — used by fishermen in the preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.

SALVE Salve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salved; p. pr. & vb. n. Salving.] Etym: [AS. sealfian to anoint. See Salve, n.]

1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial traetment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound. Shak.

2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss over. But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds. Spenser. What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence Milton.

SALVE Salve, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Salvage]

Defn: To save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea. [Recent]

SALVER Salv"er, n.

Defn: One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]

SALVER Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Cf. Salvage.]

Defn: A salvor. Skeat.

SALVER Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of viands before they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to save. See Save.]

Defn: A tray or waiter on which anything is presented.

SALVER-SHAPED Sal"ver-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Tubular, with a speading border. See Hypocraterimorphous.

SALVIA Sal"vi*a, n. Etym: [L., sage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the sage. See Sage.

SALVIFIC Sal*vif"ic, a. Etym: [L. salficus saving; salvus saved, safe + facere to make.]

Defn: Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]

SALVO Sal"vo, n.; pl. Salvos. Etym: [L. salvo jure, literally, the right being reserved. See Safe.]

Defn: An exception; a reservation; an excuse. They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations. Eilon Basilike.

SALVO Sal"vo, n. Etym: [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L. salve hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to salvus well. See Safe.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.

2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.

SALVOR Sal"vor, n. Etym: [See Salvation, Save] (Law)

Defn: One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without being under special obligation to do so. Wheaton.

SAM Sam, adv. Etym: [AS. same. See Same, a.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] "All in that city sam." Spenser.

SAMARA Sa*ma"ra ( or ), n. Etym: [L. samara, samera, the seed of the elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.

SAMARE Sam"are, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SAMARITAN Sa*mar"i*tan, a. Etym: [L. Samaritanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of Samaria.

SAMARIUM Sa*ma"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of doubtful identity.

Note: Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with other elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the donbtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.

SAMAROID Sam"a*roid, a. Etym: [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.

SAMARRA Sa*mar"ra, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SAMARSKITE Sa*mar"skite, a. Etym: [After Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster. It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium metals.

SAMBO Sam"bo, n. Etym: [Sp. zambo, sambo.]

Defn: A colloquial or humorous appelation for a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a zambo.

SAMBOO Sam"boo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sumbur.

SAMBUCUS Sam*bu"cus, n. Etym: [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees; the elder.

SAMBUKE Sam"buke, n. Etym: [L. sambuca, Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the particular construction of which is unknown.

SAMBUR Sam"bur, n. Etym: [Hind. sambar, sabar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian deer (Rusa Aristotelis) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have but three prongs. Called also gerow. The name is applied to other species of the genus Rusa, as the Bornean sambur (R. equina).

SAME Same, a. Etym: [AS. same. adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv., OHG. sam, a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma, Dan. samme, Goth. sama, Russ. samui, Gr. sama, Gr. simul at the same time, similis like, and E. some, a., -some. sq. root191. Cf. Anomalous, Assemble, Homeopathy, Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-, Similar, Some.]

1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical; unchanged. Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. Ps. cii. 27.

2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not differing in character or in the quality or qualities compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like. The ethereal vigor is in all the same. Dryden.

3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned. What ye know, the same do I know. Job. xiii. 2. Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends his blood his country to relieve. Daniel.

Note: Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is often used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative use it is followed by as or with. Bees like the same odors as we do. Lubbock. [He] held the same political opinions with his illustrious friend. Macaulay.

SAMELINESS Same"li*ness, n.

Defn: Sameness, 2. [R.] Bayne.

SAMENESS Same"ness, n.

1. The state of being the same, identity; abscence of difference; near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance, and the like. "A sameness of the terms." Bp. Horsley.

2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.

Syn. — Identity; identicalness; oneness.

SAMETTE Sa*mette", n.

Defn: See Samite. [Obs.]

SAMIAN Sa"mi*an, a. Etym: [L. Samius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island of Samos. Fill high the cup with Samian wine. Byreon. Samian earth, a species of clay from Samoa, formerly used in medicine as an astringent.

SAMIAN Sa"mi*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samos.

SAMIEL Sa"mi*el, n. Etym: [Turk. sam-yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk. yel wind. Cf. Simoom.]

Defn: A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey, from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and the kamsin of Syria.

SAMIOT Sa"mi*ot, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. samiote.]

Defn: Samian.

SAMISEN Sam"i*sen, n. [Jap.] (Mus.)

Defn: A Japanese musical instrument with three strings, resembling a guitar or banjo.

SAMITE Sa"mite, a. Etym: [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from LGr. Six, and cf. Dimity.]

Defn: A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with gold. Tennyson. In silken samite she was light arrayed. Spenser.

SAMLET Sam"let, n. Etym: [Cf. Salmonet.]

Defn: The parr.

SAMMIER Sam"mi*er, n.

Defn: A machine for pressing the water from skins in tanning. Knight.

SAMOAN Sa*mo"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants. — n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.

SAMOVAR Sa"mo*var, n. Etym: [Russ. samovar'.]

Defn: A metal urn used in Russia for making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the urn.

SAMOYEDES Sam`oy*edes", n. pl.; sing. Samoyede (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a portion of Northern Russia and a part of Siberia.Samoyeds.

SAMP Samp, n. Etym: [From American Indian sapac, saupac, made soft, or thinned.]

Defn: An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised, which is cooked by by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy.

SAMPAN Sam"pan, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]

SAMPHIRE Sam"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See Saint, and Petrel.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant (Crithmum maritimum). It grows among rocks and on cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles. Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade! Scak.

(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea); — called in England marsh samphire. (c) A seashore shrub (Borrichia arborescens) of the West Indies. Golden samphire. See under Golden.

SAMPLE Sam"ple, n. Etym: [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample, example, fr. L. exemplum. See Example, and cf. Ensample, Sampler.]

1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. "A sample to the youngest." Shak. Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed. Fairfax.

2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by samples. I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss. Woodward.

Syn. — Specimen; example. See Specimen.

SAMPLE Sam"ple, v. t.

1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall.

2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloth.

SAMPLER Sam"pler, n. Etym: [See Exampler, Exemplar.]

1. One who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples, or by samples; as, a wool sampler.

2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection of needlework patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as samples, or to display the skill of the worker. Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann will show you how to make that W you bothered over. E. E. Hale.

SAMSHOO; SAMSHU Sam"shoo, Sam"shu (, n. Etym: [Chinese san-shao thrice fired.]

Defn: A spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in which boiled rice has fermented under pressure. S. W. Williams.

SAMSON Sam"son, n.

Defn: An Israelite of Bible record (see Judges xiii.), distinguished for his great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical strength. Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the keelson, and supporting a beam of the keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or movable pilar carrying a leading block or pulley for various purposes. Brande & C. (b) In deepwell boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the apparatus.

SAMURAI Sa"mu*rai`, n. pl. & sing. [Jap.]

Defn: In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark. Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of feudalism in 1871.

SANABILITY San`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sanable; sanableness; curableness.

SANABLE San"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr. sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]

Defn: Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.

Syn. — Remediable; curable; healable.

SANABLENESS San"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanable.

SANATION Sa*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanatio. See Sanable.]

Defn: The act of healing or curing. [Obs.] Wiseman.

SANATIVE San"a*tive, a. Etym: [LL. sanativus.]

Defn: Having the power to cure or heal; healing; tending to heal; sanatory. — San"a*tive*ness, n.

SANATORIUM San`a*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanatory.]

Defn: An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for invalids. See Sanitarium.

SANATORY San"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. sanatorius, fr. L. sa to heal. See Sanable.]

Defn: Conducive to health; tending to cure; healing; curative; sanative. Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public health, such as quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc. De Quincey.

Note: Sanatory and sanitary should not be confounded. Sanatory signifies conducive to health, while sanitary has the more general meaning of pertaining to health.

SANBENITO San`be*ni"to, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg. sambenito, contr. from L. saccus sack + benedictus blessed.]

1. Anciently, a sackcloth coat worn by penitens on being reconciled to the church.

2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames, figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been examined by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment at the auto-da-fé.

SANCE-BELL; SANCTE BELL Sance"-bell", Sanc"te bell", n.

Defn: See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.

SANCHO San"cho, n. [Sp., a proper name.] (Card Playing)

Defn: The nine of trumps in sancho pedro.

SANCHO PEDRO Sancho pedro. [Sp. Pedro Peter.] (Card Playing)

Defn: A variety of auction pitch in which the nine (sancho) and five (pedro) of trumps are added as counting cards at their pip value, and the ten of trumps counts game.

SANCTIFICATE Sanc"ti*fi*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. sanctificatus, p.p. of sanctificare.]

Defn: To sanctify. [Obs.] Barrow.

SANCTIFICATION Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctificatio: cf. F. sanctification.]

1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the being sanctified or made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to, a supreme love to God; also, the state of being thus purified or sanctified. God hath from the baginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. 2 Thess. ii. 13.

2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart, for a sacred purpose; consecration. Bp. Burnet.

SANCTIFIED Sanc"ti*fied, a.

Defn: Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.

SANCTIFIER Sanc"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy Spirit.

SANCTIFY Sanc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctified; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctifying.] Etym: [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy + - ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.]

1. To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by appropriate rites; to hallow. God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Gen. ii. 3. Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garnment. Lev. viii. 30.

2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral corruption and pollution; to purify. Sanctify them through thy truth. John xvii. 17.

3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety. A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as to make me repent of that unjust act. Eikon Basilike.

4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness, inviolability, title to reverence and respect, or the like, to; to secure from violation; to give sanction to. The holy man, amazed at what he saw, Made haste to sanctify the bliss by law. Dryden. Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line. Pope.

SANCTIFYINGLY Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.

SANCTILOQUENT Sanc*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. sanctus holy + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.]

Defn: Discoursing on heavenly or holy things, or in a holy manner.

SANCTIMONIAL Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. sanctimonialis. ]

Defn: Sanctimonius. [Obs.]

SANCTIMONIOUS Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [See Sanctimony.]

1. Possessing sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly. Shak.

2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting saintliness; hypocritically devout or pious. "Like the sanctimonious pirate." Shak. — Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. — Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

SANCTIMONY Sanc"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. sanctimonia, fr. sanctus holy: cf. OF. sanctimonie. See Saint.]

Defn: Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity; especially, outward or artificial saintliness; assumed or pretended holiness; hypocritical devoutness. Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking with most austere sanctimony she accomplished. Shak.

SANCTION Sanc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctio, from sancire, samctum to render sacred or inviolable, to fix unalternably: cf. F. sanction. See Saint.]

1. Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or body; establishment or furtherance of anything by authority to it; confirmation; approbation. The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their testimony. I. Watts.

2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or authority of another; as, legal sanctions.

Syn. — Ratification; authorization; authoruty; countenance; support.

SANCTION Sanc"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctioning.]

Defn: To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve. Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such perilous experiments. De Quincey.

Syn. — To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.

SANCTIONARY Sanc"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or giving, sanction.

SANCTITUDE Sanc"ti*tude, a. Etym: [L. sanctitudo.]

Defn: Holiness; sacredness; sanctity. [R.] milton.

SANCTITY Sanc"ti*ty, n.; pl. Sanctities. Etym: [L. sanctitas, from sanctus holy. See Saint.]

1. The state or quality of being sacred or holy; holiness; saintliness; moral purity; godliness. To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed, narrowly escaped the imputation of irreligion. Macaulay.

2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious binding force; as, the sanctity of an oath.

3. A saint or holy being. [R.] About him all the sanctities of heaven. Milton.

Syn. — Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness; purity; religiousness;sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under Religion.

SANCTUARIZE Sanc"tu*a*rize, v. t.

Defn: To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. [Obs.] Shak.

SANCTUARY Sanc"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Sanctuaries. Etym: [OE. seintuare, OF. saintuaire, F. sanctuaire, fr. L. sanctuarium, from sanctus sacred, holy. See Saint.]

Defn: A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable site. Hence, specifically: (a) The most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and he only once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple at Jerusalem. (b) (Arch.) The most sacred part of any religious building, esp. that part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed. (c) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of worship. (d) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and protection; shelter; refuge; protection. These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the privelege of sanctuary. Milton . These admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire; but some relics of it took sanctuary under ground, and escaped the common destiny. Dryden. Wildlife sanctuary, a tract of land set aside by law for the preservation of wildlife, in which no hunting is permitted.

SANCTUM Sanc"tum, n. Etym: [L., p.p. of sanctire to consecrate.]

Defn: A sacred place; hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for personal use; as, an editor's sanctum. Sanctum sanctorum Etym: [L.] , the Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as in the Jewish temple.

SANCTUS Sanc"tus, n. Etym: [L. sanctus, p.p. of sancire.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A part of the Mass, or, in Protestant churches, a part of the communion service, of which the first words in Latin are Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus [Holy, holy, holy]; — called also Tersanctus.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An anthem composed for these words. Sanctus bell, a small bell usually suspended in a bell cot at the apex of the nave roof, over the chancel arch, in mediæval churches, but a hand bell is now often used; — so called because rung at the singing of the sanctus, at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass, and again at the elevation of the host. Called also Mass bell, sacring bell, saints' bell, sance- bell, sancte bell.

SAND Sand, n. Etym: [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant, Icel. sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr.

1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not coherent when wet. That finer matter, called sand, is no other than very small pebbles. Woodsward.

2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] Shak.

3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life. The sands are numbered that make up my life. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide. "The Libyan sands." Milton. "The sands o'Dee." C. Kingsley.

5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang] Sand badger (Zoöl.), the Japanese badger (Meles ankuma). — Sand bag (a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc. (b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by assassins. — Sand ball, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use at the toilet. — Sand bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed. (b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand. — Sand bed, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten metal is run in casting, or from a reducing furnace. — Sand birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for numerous species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers, plovers, tattlers, and many others; — called also shore birds. — Sand blast, a process of engraving and cutting glass and other hard substances by driving sand against them by a steam jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the process. — Sand box. (a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with sand. (b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on the rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent slipping. — Sand-box tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Hura crepitans). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of Regma. — Sand bug (Zoöl.), an American anomuran crustacean (Hippa talpoidea) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust. under Anomura. — Sand canal (Zoöl.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in function. — Sand cock (Zoöl.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.] — Sand collar. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand saucer, below. — Sand crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The lady crab. (b) A land crab, or ocypodian. — Sand crack (Far.), a crack extending downward from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes lameness. — Sand cricket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large terrestrial crickets of the genus Stenophelmatus and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the Western United States. — Sand cusk (Zoöl.), any ophidiod fish. See Illust. under Ophidiod. — Sand dab (Zoöl.), a small American flounder (Limanda ferruginea); — called also rusty dab. The name is also applied locally to other allied species. — Sand darter (Zoöl.), a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (Ammocrypta pellucida). — Sand dollar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms, especially Echinarachnius parma of the American coast. — Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted sand. — Sand eel. (Zoöl.) (a) A lant, or launce. (b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus Gonorhynchus, having barbels about the mouth. — Sand flag, sandstone which splits up into flagstones. — Sand flea. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea. (b) the chigoe. (c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or orchestian. See Beach flea, under Beach. — Sand flood, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind. James Bruce. — Sand fluke. (Zoöl.) (a) The sandnecker. (b) The European smooth dab (Pleuronectes microcephalus); — called also kitt, marysole, smear dab, town dab. — Sand fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small dipterous flies of the genus Simulium, abounding on sandy shores, especially Simulium nocivum of the United States. They are very troublesome on account of their biting habits. Called also no-see-um, punky, and midge. — Sand gall (Geol.) See Sand pipe, below. — Sand grass (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in sand; especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis purpurea) with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on the Atlantic coast.

— Sand grouse (Zoöl.), any one of many species of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also rock grouse, rock pigeon, and ganga. They mostly belong to the genus Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P. exustus). The large sand grouse (P. arenarius), the painted sand grouse (P. fasciatus), and the pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are also found in India. See Illust. under Pterocletes. — Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune. — Sand-hill crane (Zoöl.), the American brown crane (Grus Mexicana). — Sand hopper (Zoöl.), a beach flea; an orchestian. — Sand hornet (Zoöl.), a sand wasp. — Sand lark. (Zoöl.) (a) A small lark (Alaudala raytal), native of India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The Australian red-capped dotterel (Ægialophilus ruficapillus); — called also red- necked plover. — Sand launce (Zoöl.), a lant, or launce. — Sand lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta agilis). — Sand martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. — Sand mole (Zoöl.), the coast rat. — Sand monitor (Zoöl.), a large Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius) which inhabits dry localities. — Sand mouse (Zoöl.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] — Sand myrtle. (Bot.) See under Myrtle. — Sand partridge (Zoöl.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of the genus Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless. One species (A. Heeji) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species (A. Bonhami), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee partridge, and teehoo. — Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of different colors on an adhesive surface. — Sand pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The sauger. (b) The lizard fish. — Sand pillar, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara and Mongolia. — Sand pipe (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in dept, occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; — called also sand gall. — Sand pride (Zoöl.), a small british lamprey now considered to be the young of larger species; — called also sand prey. — Sand pump, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well. — Sand rat (Zoöl.), the pocket gopher. — Sand rock, a rock made of cemented sand. — Sand runner (Zoöl.), the turnstone. — Sand saucer (Zoöl.), the mass of egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any mollusk of the genus Natica and allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; — called also sand collar. — Sand screw (Zoöl.), an amphipod crustacean (Lepidactylis arenarius), which burrows in the sandy seabeaches of Europe and America. — Sand shark (Zoöl.), an American shark (Odontaspis littoralis) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United States; — called also gray shark, and dogfish shark. See Illust. under Remora. — Sand skink (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the ocellated sand skink (Seps ocellatus) of Southern Europe. — Sand skipper (Zoöl.), a beach flea, or orchestian. — Sand smelt (Zoöl.), a silverside. — Sand snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, especially E. Jaculus of India and E. Johnii, used by snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus Psammophis, especially P. sibilans. — Sand snipe (Zoöl.), the sandpiper. — Sand star (Zoöl.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star. — Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind. — Sand sucker, the sandnecker. — Sand swallow (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. See under Bank. — Sand tube, a tube made of sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite. (b) (Zoöl.) Any tube made of cemented sand. (c) (Zoöl. ) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. — Sand viper. (Zoöl.) See Hognose snake. — Sand wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families Pompilidæ and Spheridæ, which dig burrows in sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve as food for her young.

SAND Sand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanding.]

1. To sprinkle or cover with sand.

2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] Burton.

3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud.

4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar. [Colloq.]

SANDAL San"dal, n.

Defn: Same as Sendal. Sails of silk and ropes of sandal. Longfellow.

SANDAL San"dal, n.

Defn: Sandalwood. "Fans of sandal." Tennyson.

SANDAL San"dal, n. Etym: [F. sandale, L. sandalium, Gr. sandal.] (a) A kind of shoe consisting of a sole strapped to the foot; a protection for the foot, covering its lower surface, but not its upper. (b) A kind of slipper. (c) An overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.

SANDALED San"daled, a.

1. Wearing sandals. The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet. Longfellow.

2. Made like a sandal.

SANDALIFORM San*dal"i*form, a. Etym: [Sandal + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a sandal or slipper.

SANDALWOOD San"dal*wood, n. Etym: [F. sandal, santal, fr. Ar. çandal, or Gr. sa`ntalon; both ultimately fr. Skr. candana. Cf. Sanders.] (Bot.) (a) The highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and Polynesian tree (Santalum album), and of several other trees of the same genus, as the Hawaiian Santalum Freycinetianum and S. pyrularium, the Australian S. latifolium, etc. The name is extended to several other kinds of fragrant wood. (b) Any tree of the genus Santalum, or a tree which yields sandalwood. (c) The red wood of a kind of buckthorn, used in Russia for dyeing leather (Rhamnus Dahuricus). False sandalwood, the fragrant wood of several trees not of the genus Santalum, as Ximenia Americana, Myoporum tenuifolium of Tahiti. — Red sandalwood, a heavy, dark red dyewood, being the heartwood of two leguminous trees of India (Pterocarpus santalinus, and Adenanthera pavonina); — called also red sanderswood, sanders or saunders, and rubywood.

SANDARACH; SANDARAC San"da*rach, San"da*rac, (, n. Etym: [L. sandaraca, Gr.

1. (Min.)

Defn: Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]

2. (Bot. Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellow resin obtained from a Barbary tree (Callitris quadrivalvis or Thuya articulata), and pulverized for pounce; — probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.

SANDBAGGER Sand"bag`ger, n.

Defn: An assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See Sand bag, under Sand.

SAND-BLIND Sand"-blind", a. Etym: [For sam blind half blind; AS. sam- half (akin to semi-) + blind.]

Defn: Having defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind. Shak.

SANDED Sand"ed, a.

1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson.

2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound. Shak.

3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]

SANDEMANIAN San`de*ma"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Robert Sandeman, a Scotch sectary of the eighteenth century. See Glassite.

SANDEMANIANISM San`de*ma"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The faith or system of the Sandemanians. A. Fuller.

SANDERLING San"der*ling, n. Etym: [Sand + 0ling. So called because it obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the seashore.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small gray and brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very common on sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also curwillet, sand lark, stint, and ruddy plover.

SANDERS San"ders, n. Etym: [See Sandal.]

Defn: An old name of sandalwood, now applied only to the red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.

SANDERS-BLUE San"ders-blue", n.

Defn: See Saundersblue.

SANDEVER San"de*ver, n.

Defn: See Sandiver. [Obs.]

SANDFISH Sand"fish`, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small marine fish of the Pacific coast of North America (Trichodon trichodon) which buries itself in the sand.

SANDGLASS Sand"glass`, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See Hourglass.

SANDHILLER Sand"hill`er, n.

Defn: A nickname given to any "poor white" living in the pine woods which cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina. [U.S.]

SANDINESS Sand"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy color.

SANDISH Sand"ish, a.

Defn: Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.] Evelyn.

SANDIVER San"di*ver, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. OF. sa\'8bn grease, fat + de of + verre glass (cf. Saim), or fr. F. sel de verre sandiver.]

Defn: A whitish substance which is cast up, as a scum, from the materials of glass in fusion, and, floating on the top, is skimmed off; — called also glass gall. [Formerly written also sandever.]

SANDIX San"dix, n. Etym: [L. sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color like vermilion, Gr.

Defn: A kind of minium, or red lead, made by calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true minium. [Written also sandyx.] [Obs.]

SAND-LOT Sand"-lot`, a.

Defn: Lit., of or pert. to a lot or piece of sandy ground, — hence, pert. to, or characteristic of, the policy or practices of the socialistic or communistic followers of the Irish agitator Denis Kearney, who delivered many of his speeches in the open sand lots about San Francisco; as, the sand-lot constitution of California, framed in 1879, under the influence of sand-lot agitation.

SANDMAN Sand"man`, n.

Defn: A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub their eyes as if there were sand in them.

SANDNECKER Sand"neck`er, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A European flounder (Hippoglossoides limandoides); — called also rough dab, long fluke, sand fluke, and sand sucker.

SANDPAPER Sand"pa`per, n.

Defn: Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, — used for smoothing and polishing.

SANDPAPER Sand"pa`per, v. t.

Defn: To smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.

SANDPIPER Sand"pi`per, n.

1. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small limicoline game birds belonging to Tringa, Actodromas, Ereunetes, and various allied genera of the family Tringid\'91.

Note: The most important North American species are the pestoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata), called also browback, grass snipe, and jacksnipe; the red-backed, or black-breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin (T. alpina); the purple sandpiper (T.maritima: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot (T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus); the spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail (Actitis macularia); the buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), and the Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under Upland. Among the European species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the common sandpiper (Actitis, or tringoides, hypoleucus), called also fiddler, peeper, pleeps, weet-weet, and summer snipe. Some of the small plovers and tattlers are also called sandpipers.

2. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small lamprey eel; the pride. Curlew sandpiper. See under Curlew. — Stilt sandpiper. See under Stilt.

SANDPIT Sand"pit`, n.

Defn: A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.

SANDRE San"dre, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A Russian fish (Lucioperca sandre) which yields a valuable oil, called sandre oil, used in the preparation of caviare.

SANDSTONE Sand"stone`, n.

Defn: A rock made of sand more or less firmly united. Common or siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand.

Note: Different names are aplied to the various kinds of sandstone according to their composition; as, granitic, argillaceous, micaceous, etc. Flexible sandstone (Min.), the finer-grained variety of itacolumite, which on account of the scales of mica in the lamination is quite flexible. — Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive series of British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were formerly known as the Old and the New Red Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the Devonian age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used, some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the remained as Triassic. See the Chart of Geology.

SANDWICH Sand"wich, n. Etym: [Named from the Earl of Sandwich.]

Defn: Two pieces of bread and butter with a thin slice of meat, cheese, or the like, between them.

SANDWICH Sand"wich, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sandwiched; p. pr. & vb. n. Sandwiching.]

Defn: To make into a sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert between portions of something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or things, or alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.

SANDWORM Sand"worm`, n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of annelids which burrow in the sand of the seashore. (b) Any species of annelids of the genus Sabellaria. They construct firm tubes of agglutinated sand on rocks and shells, and are sometimes destructive to oysters. (c) The chigoe, a species of flea.

SANDWORT Sand"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Arenaria, low, tufted herbs (order Caryophyllace\'91.)

SANDY Sand"y, a. [Compar. Sandier; superl. Sandiest.] Etym: [AS. sandig.]

1. Consisting of, abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy desert, road, or soil.

2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red color; as, sandy hair.

SANDYX San"dyx, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Sandix.

SANE Sane, a. Etym: [L. sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.]

1. Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; — said of the mind.

2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge of the effect of one's actions in an ordinary maner; — said of persons.

Syn. — Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.

SANENESS Sane"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sane; sanity.

SANG Sang,

Defn: imp. of Sing.

SANGA; SANGU San"ga, San"gu, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: The Abyssinian ox (Bos or Bibos, Africanus), noted for the great length of its horns. It has a hump on its back.

SANGAREE San`ga*ree", n. Etym: [Sp. sangria, lit., bleeding, from sangre, blood, L. sanguis.]

Defn: Wine and water sweetened and spiced, — a favorite West Indian drink.

SANG-FROID Sang`-froid", n. Etym: [F., cold blood.]

Defn: Freedom from agitation or excitement of mind; coolness in trying circumstances; indifference; calmness. Burke.

SANGIAC San"gi*ac, n.

Defn: See Sanjak.

SANGRAAL; SANGREAL San`graal", San"gre*al, n. Etym: [See Saint, and Grail.]

Defn: See Holy Grail, under Grail.

SANGUIFEROUS San*guif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying blood; as, sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the arteries, veins, capillaries.

SANGUIFICATION San`gui*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sanguification. See Sanguify.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The production of blood; the conversion of the products of digestion into blood; hematosis.

SANGUIFIER San"gui*fi`er, n.

Defn: A producer of blood.

SANGUIFLUOUS San*guif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing or running with blood.

SANGUIFY San"gui*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F. sanguifier.]

Defn: To produce blood from.

SANGUIGENOUS San*guig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + -genous.]

Defn: Producing blood; as, sanguigenous food.

SANGUINACEOUS San`gui*na"ceous, n.

Defn: Of a blood-red color; sanguine.

SANGUINARIA San`gui*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanguinary, a. & n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Poppy family.

Note: Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot, is the only species. It has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a few roundish lobed leaves and solitary white blossoms in early spring. See Bloodroot.

2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine as an emetic, etc.

SANGUINARILY San"gui*na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sanguinary manner.

SANGUINARINESS San"gui*na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sanguinary.

SANGUINARY San"gui*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanguinarius, fr. sanguis blood: cf. F.sanguinaire.]

1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a sanguinary war, contest, or battle. We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions to force consciences. Bacon.

2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood. Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary. Broome.

SANGUINARY San"gui*na*ry, n. Etym: [L. herba sanguinaria an herb that stanches blood: cf. F. sanguinaire. See Sanguinary, a.] (Bot.) (a) The yarrow. (b) The Sanguinaria.

SANGUINE San"guine, a. Etym: [F. sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr. sanguis blood. Cf. Sanguineous.]

1. Having the color of blood; red. Of his complexion he was sanguine. Chaucer. Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe. Milton.

2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood; as, a sanguine bodily temperament.

3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper.

4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of hope; as, sanguine of success.

Syn. — Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.

SANGUINE San"guine, n.

1. Blood color; red. Spenser.

2. Anything of a blood-red, as cloth. [Obs.] In sanguine and in pes he clad was all. Chaucer.

3. (Min.)

Defn: Bloodstone.

4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon, 1.

SANGUINE San"guine, v. t.

Defn: To stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to; to ensanguine.

SANGUINE San"guine, adv.

Defn: In a sanguine manner. I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.

SANGUINELESS San"guine*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of blood; pale. [R.]

SANGUINELY San"guine*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sanguine manner.

I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.

SANGUINENESS San"guine*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanguine.

SANGUINEOUS San*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguineus. See Sanguine.]

1. Abounding with blood; sanguine.

2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting blood. Sir T. Browne.

3. Blood-red; crimson. Keats.

SANGUINITY san*guin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanguine; sanguineness. Swift.

SANGUINIVOROUS San"gui*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Subsisting on blood.

SANGUINOLENCY San*guin"o*len*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.

SANGUINOLENT San*guin"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. sanguinolentus, from sanguis blood: cf. F. sanguinolent.]

Defn: Tinged or mingled with blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent sputa.

SANGUISUGE San"gui*suge, n. Etym: [L. sanguisuga; sanguis blood + sugere to suck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bloodsucker, or leech.

SANGUIVOROUS San*guiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Subsisting upon blood; — said of certain blood-sucking bats and other animals. See Vampire.

SANHEDRIN; SANHEDRIM San"he*drin, San"he*drim, n. Etym: [Heb. sanhedrin, fr. Gr. Sit.] (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of religious matters.

SANHEDRIST San"he*drist, n.

Defn: A member of the sanhedrin. Schaeffer (Lange's Com. ).

SANHITA San"hi*ta, n. Etym: [Skr. samhita, properly, combination.]

Defn: A collection of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the first part of each Veda.

SANICLE San"i*cle, n. Etym: [F., from L. sanare to heal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sanicula, reputed to have healing powers.

SANIDINE San"i*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of orthoclase feldspar common in certain eruptive rocks, as trachyte; — called also glassy feldspar.

SANIES Sa"ni*es, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged from ulcers or foul wounds.

SANIOUS Sa"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanious, fr. sanies: cf. F. sanieux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; as, the sanious matter of an ulcer.

2. (med.)

Defn: Discharging sanies; as, a sanious ulcer.

SANITARIAN San`i*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.

SANITARIAN San`i*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: An advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in sanitary measures.

SANITARIST San"i*ta*rist, n.

Defn: A sanitarian.

SANITARIUM San`i*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanitary.]

Defn: A health station or retreat; a sanatorium. "A sanitarium for troops." L. Oliphant.

SANITARY San"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire. See Sanity.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve health; relating to the preservation or restoration of health; hygienic; as, sanitary regulations. See the Note under Sanatory. Sanitary Commission. See under Commission.

SANITATION San`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary conditions; the preservation of health; the use of sanitary measures; hygiene. How much sanitation has advanced during the last half century. H. Hartshorne.

SANITY San"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. saniras, from sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health of body or mind, especially of the mind; saneness.

SANJAK San"jak, n. Etym: [Turk. sanjag.]

Defn: A district or a subvision of a vilayet. [Turkey]

SAN JOSE SCALE San Jo*sé" scale.

Defn: A very destructive scale insect (Aspidiotus perniciosus) that infests the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. So called because first introduced into the United States at San José, California.

SANK Sank,

Defn: imp. of Sink.

SANKHA Sank"ha, n. Etym: [Skr. çankha a shell.]

Defn: A chank shell (Turbinella pyrum); also, a shell bracelet or necklace made in India from the chank shell.

SANKHYA Sankh"ya, n.

Defn: A Hindoo system of philosophy which refers all things to soul and a rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of three elements, goodness, passion, and darkness. Whitworth.

SANNOP San"nop (sân"nôp), n.

Defn: same as Sannup. Bancroft.

SANNUP San"nup (-nûp), n.

Defn: A male Indian; a brave; — correlative of squaw.

SANNY San"ny, n.

Defn: The sandpiper. [prov. Eng.]

SANS Sans (sän; E. sânz), prep. Etym: [F., from L. sine without.]

Defn: Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English word. "Sans fail." Chaucer. Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. Shak.

SANSCRIT San"scrit, n.

Defn: See Sanskrit.

SANS-CULOTTE Sans`-cu`lotte" (F. ; E. , n. Etym: [F., without breeches.]

1. A fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; — a name of reproach given in the first French revolution to the extreme republican party, who rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to the upper classes or aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.

2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a violent revolutionist; a Jacobin.

SANS-CULOTTIC Sans`-cu*lot"tic, a.

Defn: pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical; revolutionary; Jacobinical. Carlyle.

SANS-CULOTTISM Sans`-cu*lot"tism, n. Etym: [F. sans-culottisme.]

Defn: Extreme republican principles; the principles or practice of the sans-culottes.

SANSKRIT San"skrit, n. Etym: [Skr. Samskrsta the Sanskrit language, literally, the perfect, polished, or classical language, fr. samskrsta prepared, wrought, made,excellent, perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) + krsta made. See Same, Create.] [Written also Sanscrit.]

Defn: The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.

SANSKRIT San"skrit, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.

SANSKRITIC San*skrit"ic, a.

Defn: Sanskrit.

SANSKRITIST San"skrit*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in Sanskrit.

SANS-SOUCI Sans`-sou`ci, adv. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Without care; free and easy.

SANTAL San"tal, n. Etym: [Santalum + piperonal.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It is extracted from sandalwood.

SANTALACEOUS San`ta*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Santalaceæ), of which the genus Santalum is the type, and which includes the buffalo nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar plants of the southern hemisphere.

SANTALIC San*tal"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sandalwood (Santalum); — used specifically to designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red crystalline dyestuff, which is called also santalin.

SANTALIN San"ta*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. santaline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Santalic acid. See Santalic.

SANTALUM San"ta*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sandalwood.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees with entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers. There are less than a dozen species, occuring from India to Australia and the Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood.

SANTEES San`tees", n. pl.; sing. Santee (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to the Sioux, or Dakotas.

SANTER San"ter, v. i.

Defn: See Saunter.

SANTON San"ton, n. Etym: [Sp. santon, augment fr. santo holy, L. sanctus.]

Defn: A Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as a saint: also, a hermit.

SANTONATE San"to*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of santonic acid.

SANTONIC San*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid (distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white crystalline substance.

SANTONIN San"to*nin, n. Etym: [L. herba santonica, a kind of plant, fr. Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. santonine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects to appear as if seen through a yellow glass.

SANTONINATE San"to*nin`ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of santoninic acid.

SANTONINIC San`to*nin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to santonin; — used specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state, but obtained in its salts.

SAO Sa"o, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine annelid of the genus Hyalinæcia, especially H. tubicola of Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable tube resembling a quill in color and texture.

SAP Sap, n. Etym: [AS. sæp; akin to OHG. saf, G. saft, Icel. safi; of uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise, sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf. Sapid, Sapient.]

1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

Note: The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the growth of the plant.

2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.

3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang] Sap ball (Bot.), any large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus. — Sap green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists. — Sap rot, the dry rot. See under Dry. — Sap sucker (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus, especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker (S. varius) of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers. — Sap tube (Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.

SAP Sap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sapping.] Etym: [F. saper (cf. Sp. zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a sort of scythe, LL. sappa a sort of mattock.]

1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of. Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses fell upon their household gods. Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To pierce with saps.

3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken. Ring out the grief that saps the mind. Tennyson.

SAP Sap, v. i.

Defn: To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps. W. P. Craighill. Both assaults carried on by sapping. Tatler.

SAP Sap, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc. Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before the parapet is made. — Sap roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for protection from the fire of an enemy.

SAPADILLO Sap`a*dil"lo, n.

Defn: See Sapodila.

SAPAJO Sap"a*jo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sapajou.

SAPAJOU Sap"a*jou, n. Etym: [F. sapajou, sajou, Braz. sajuassu.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Cebus, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the species are called also capuchins. The bonnet sapajou (C. subcristatus), the golden-handed sapajou (C. chrysopus), and the white-throated sapajou (C. hypoleucus) are well known species. See Capuchin.