S (continued 4)

8. (Metal.)

Defn: The thin oxide which forms on the surface of iron forgings. It consists esentially of the magnetic oxide, Fe3O4. Also, a similar coating upon other metals. Covering scale (Zoöl.), a hydrophyllium. — Ganoid scale (Zoöl.) See under Ganoid. — Scale armor (Mil.), armor made of small metallic scales overlapping, and fastened upon leather or cloth. — Scale beetle (Zoöl.), the tiger beetle. — Scale carp (Zoöl.), a carp having normal scales. — Scale insect (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small hemipterous insects belonging to the family Coccidæ, in which the females, when adult, become more or less scalelike in form. They are found upon the leaves and twigs of various trees and shrubs, and often do great damage to fruit trees. See Orange scale,under Orange. — Scale moss (Bot.), any leafy-stemmed moss of the order Hepaticæ; — so called from the small imbricated scalelike leaves of most of the species. See Hepatica, 2, and Jungermannia.

SCALE Scale, v. t.

1. To strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a fish; to scale the inside of a boiler.

2. To take off in thin layers or scales, as tartar from the teeth; to pare off, as a surface. "If all the mountaines were scaled, and the earth made even." T. Burnet.

3. To scatter; to spread. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

4. (Gun.)

Defn: To clean, as the inside of a cannon, by the explosion of a small quantity of powder. Totten.

SCALE Scale, v. i.

1. To separate and come off in thin layers or laminæ; as, some sandstone scales by exposure. Those that cast their shell are the lobster and crab; the old skins are found, but the old shells never; so it is likely that they scale off. Bacon.

2. To separate; to scatter. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SCALE Scale, n. Etym: [L. scalae, pl., scala staircase, ladder; akin to scandere to climb. See Scan; cf. Escalade.]

1. A ladder; a series of steps; a means of ascending. [Obs.]

2. Hence, anything graduated, especially when employed as a measure or rule, or marked by lines at regular intervals. Specifically: (a) A mathematical instrument, consisting of a slip of wood, ivory, or metal, with one or more sets of spaces graduated and numbered on its surface, for measuring or laying off distances, etc., as in drawing, plotting, and the like. See Gunter's scale. (b) A series of spaces marked by lines, and representing proportionately larger distances; as, a scale of miles, yards, feet, etc., for a map or plan. (c) A basis for a numeral system; as, the decimal scale; the binary scale, etc. (d) (Mus.) The graduated series of all the tones, ascending or descending, from the keynote to its octave; — called also the gamut. It may be repeated through any number of octaves. See Chromatic scale, Diatonic scale, Major scale, and Minor scale, under Chromatic, Diatonic, Major, and Minor.

3. Gradation; succession of ascending and descending steps and degrees; progressive series; scheme of comparative rank or order; as, a scale of being. There is a certain scale of duties . . . which for want of studying in right order, all the world is in confusion. Milton.

4. Relative dimensions, without difference in proportion of parts; size or degree of the parts or components in any complex thing, compared with other like things; especially, the relative proportion of the linear dimensions of the parts of a drawing, map, model, etc., to the dimensions of the corresponding parts of the object that is represented; as, a map on a scale of an inch to a mile. Scale of chords, a graduated scale on which are given the lengths of the chords of arcs from 0º to 90º in a circle of given radius, — used in measuring given angles and in plotting angles of given numbers of degrees.

SCALE Scale, v. t. Etym: [Cf. It. scalare, fr. L. scale, scala. See Scale a ladder.]

Defn: To climb by a ladder, or as if by a ladder; to ascend by steps or by climbing; to clamber up; as, to scale the wall of a fort. Oft have I scaled the craggy oak. Spenser.

SCALE Scale, v. i.

Defn: To lead up by steps; to ascend. [Obs.] Satan from hence, now on the lower stair, That scaled by steps of gold to heaven-gate, Looks down with wonder. Milton.

SCALEBACK Scale"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine annelids of the family Polynoidæ, and allies, which have two rows of scales, or elytra, along the back. See Illust. under Chætopoda.

SCALEBEAM Scale"beam`, n.

1. The lever or beam of a balance; the lever of a platform scale, to which the poise for weighing is applied.

2. A weighing apparatus with a sliding weight, resembling a steelyard.

SCALEBOARD Scale"board` (; commonly , n. Etym: [3d scale + board.]

1. (Print.)

Defn: A thin slip of wood used to justify a page. [Obs.] Crabb.

2. A thin veneer of leaf of wood used for covering the surface of articles of firniture, and the like. Scaleboard plane, a plane for cutting from a board a wide shaving forming a scaleboard.

SCALED Scaled, a.

1. Covered with scales, or scalelike structures; — said of a fish, a reptile, a moth, etc.

2. Without scales, or with the scales removed; as, scaled herring.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feathers which in form, color, or arrangement somewhat resemble scales; as, the scaled dove. Scaled dove (Zoöl.), any American dove of the genus Scardafella. Its colored feather tips resemble scales.

SCALELESS Scale"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of scales.

SCALENE Sca*lene", a. Etym: [L. scalenus, Gr. scalène.]

1. (Geom.) (a) Having the sides and angles unequal; — said of a triangle. (b) Having the axis inclined to the base, as a cone.

2. (Anat.) (a) Designating several triangular muscles called scalene muscles. (b) Of or pertaining to the scalene muscles. Scalene muscles (Anat.), a group of muscles, usually three on each side in man, extending from the cervical vertebræ to the first and second ribs.

SCALENE Sca*lene", n. (Geom.)

Defn: A triangle having its sides and angles unequal.

SCALENOHEDRAL Sca*le`no*he"dral, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a scalenohedron.

SCALENOHEDRON Sca*le`no*he"dron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A pyramidal form under the rhombohedral system, inclosed by twelve faces, each a scalene triangle.

SCALER Scal"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, scales; specifically, a dentist's instrument for removing tartar from the teeth.

SCALE-WINGED Scale"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the wings covered with small scalelike structures, as the lepidoptera; scaly-winged.

SCALINESS Scal"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being scaly; roughness.

SCALING Scal"ing, a.

1. Adapted for removing scales, as from a fish; as, a scaling knife; adapted for removing scale, as from the interior of a steam boiler; as, a scaling hammer, bar, etc.

2. Serving as an aid in clambering; as, a scaling ladder, used in assaulting a fortified place.

SCALIOLA Scal*io"la, n.

Defn: Same as Scagliola.

SCALL Scall, n. Etym: [Icel. skalli a bald head. Cf. Scald, a.]

Defn: A scurf or scabby disease, especially of the scalp. It is a dry scall, even a leprosy upon the head. Lev. xiii. 30.

SCALL Scall, a.

Defn: Scabby; scurfy. [Obs.] Shak.

SCALLED Scalled, a.

Defn: Scabby; scurfy; scall. [Obs.] "With scalled brows black." Chaucer. Scalled head. (Med.) See Scald head, under Scald, a.

SCALLION Scal"lion, n. Etym: [OF. escalone, escaloingne, L. caepa Ascalonius of Ascalon, fr. Ascalo Ascalon, a town in Palestine. Cf. Shallot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of small onion (Allium Ascalonicum), native of Palestine; the eschalot, or shallot.

2. Any onion which does not "bottom out," but remains with a thick stem like a leek. Amer. Cyc.

SCALLOP Scal"lop, n. Etym: [OF. escalope a shell, probably of German or Dutch origin, and akin to E. scale of a fish; cf. D. schelp shell. See Scale of a fish, and cf. Escalop.] [Written also scollop.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten and allied genera of the family Pectinidæ. The shell is usually radially ribbed, and the edge is therefore often undulated in a characteristic manner. The large adductor muscle of some the species is much used as food. One species (Vola Jacobæus) occurs on the coast of Palestine, and its shell was formerly worn by pilgrims as a mark that they had been to the Holy Land. Called also fan shell. See Pecten, 2.

Note: The common edible scallop of the Eastern United States is Pecten irradians; the large sea scallop, also used as food, is P. Clontonius, or tenuicostastus.

2. One of series of segments of circles joined at their extremities, forming a border like the edge or surface of a scallop shell.

3. One of the shells of a scallop; also, a dish resembling a scallop shell.

SCALLOP Scal"lop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scalloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalloping.]

1. To mark or cut the edge or border of into segments of circles, like the edge or surface of a scallop shell. See Scallop, n., 2.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: To bake in scallop shells or dishes; to prepare with crumbs of bread or cracker, and bake. See Scalloped oysters, below.

SCALLOPED Scal"loped, a.

1. Furnished with a scallop; made or done with or in a scallop.

2. Having the edge or border cut or marked with segments of circles. See Scallop, n., 2.

3. (Cookery)

Defn: Baked in a scallop; cooked with crumbs. Scalloped oysters (Cookery), opened oysters baked in a deep dish with alternate layers of bread or cracker crumbs, seasoned with pepper, nutmeg, and butter. This was at first done in scallop shells.

SCALLOPER Scal"lop*er, n.

Defn: One who fishes for scallops.

SCALLOPING Scal"lop*ing, n.

Defn: Fishing for scallops.

SCALP Scalp, n. Etym: [Cf. Scallop.]

Defn: A bed of oysters or mussels. [Scot.]

SCALP Scalp, n. Etym: [Perhaps akin to D. schelp shell. Cf. Scallop.]

1. That part of the integument of the head which is usually covered with hair. By the bare scalp of Robin Hodd's fat friar, This fellow were a king for our wild faction! Shak.

2. A part of the skin of the head, with the hair attached, cut or torn off from an enemy by the Indian warriors of North America, as a token of victory.

3. Fig.: The top; the summit. Macaulay. Scalp lock, a long tuft of hair left on the crown of the head by the warriors of some tribes of American Indians.

SCALP Scalp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scalped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalping.]

1. To deprive of the scalp; to cut or tear the scalp from the head of.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: To remove the skin of. We must scalp the whole lid [of the eye]. J. S. Wells.

3. (Milling.)

Defn: To brush the hairs of fuzz from, as wheat grains, in the process of high milling. Knight.

SCALP Scalp, v. i.

Defn: To make a small, quick profit by slight fluctuations of the market; — said of brokers who operate in this way on their own account. [Cant]

SCALPEL Scal"pel, n. Etym: [L scalpellum, dim. of scalprum a knife, akin to scalpere to cut, carve, scrape: cf. F. scalpel.] (Surg.)

Defn: A small knife with a thin, keen blade, — used by surgeons, and in dissecting.

SCALPER Scalper, n.

1. One who, or that which, scalps.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: Same as Scalping iron, under Scalping.

3. A broker who, dealing on his own account, tries to get a small and quick profit from slight fluctuations of the market. [Cant]

4. A person who buys and sells the unused parts of railroad tickets. [Cant]

SCALPING Scalp"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Scalp. Scalping iron (Surg.), an instrument used in scraping foul and carious bones; a raspatory. — Scalping knife, a knife used by north American Indians in scalping.

SCALPRIFORM Scal"pri*form, a. Etym: [L. scalprum chisel, knife + -form.] (Anat.)

Defn: Shaped like a chisel; as, the scalpriform incisors of rodents.

SCALY Scal"y, a.

1. Covered or abounding with scales; as, a scaly fish. "Scaly crocodile." Milton.

2. Resembling scales, laminæ, or layers.

3. Mean; low; as, a scaly fellow. [Low]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of scales lying over each other; as, a scaly bulb; covered with scales; as, a scaly stem. Scaly ant-eater (Zoöl.), the pangolin.

SCALY-WINGED Scal"y-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Scale-winged.

SCAMBLE Scam"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scambling.] Etym: [Cf. OD. schampelen to deviate, to slip, schampen to go away, escape, slip, and E. scamper, shamble.]

1. To move awkwardly; to be shuffling, irregular, or unsteady; to sprawl; to shamble. "Some scambling shifts." Dr. H. More. "A fine old hall, but a scambling house." Evelyn.

2. To move about pushing and jostling; to be rude and turbulent; to scramble. "The scambling and unquiet time did push it out of . . . question." Shak.

SCAMBLE Scam"ble, v. t.

Defn: To mangle. [Obs.] Mortimer.

SCAMBLER Scam"bler, n.

Defn: 1. One who scambles.

2. A bold intruder upon the hospitality of others; a mealtime visitor. [Scot.]

SCAMBLINGLY Scam"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scambling manner; with turbulence and noise; with bold intrusiveness.

SCAMELL; SCAMMEL Scam"ell, or; Scam"mel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The female bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

Note: Whether this is the scamel mentioned by Shakespeare ["Tempest," ii. 2] is not known.

SCAMILLUS Sca*mil"lus, n.; pl. Scamilli. Etym: [L., originally, a little bench, dim. of scamnum bench, stool.] (Arch.)

Defn: A sort of second plinth or block, below the bases of Ionic and Corinthian columns, generally without moldings, and of smaller size horizontally than the pedestal.

SCAMMONIATE Scam*mo"ni*ate, a.

Defn: Made from scammony; as, a scammoniate aperient.

SCAMMONY Scam"mo*ny, n. Etym: [F. scammonée, L. scammonia, scammonea, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of bindweed or Convolvulus (C. Scammonia).

2. An inspissated sap obtained from the rot of the Convolvulus Scammonia, of a blackish gray color, a nauseous smell like that of old cheese, and a somewhat acrid taste. It is used in medicine as a cathartic.

SCAMP Scamp, n. Etym: [OF. escamper to run away, to make one's escape. originally, one who runs away, a fugitive, a vagabond. See Scamper.]

Defn: A rascal; a swindler; a rogue. De Quincey.

SCAMP Scamp, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Scamp,n., or Scant, a., and Skimp.]

Defn: To perform in a hasty, neglectful, or imperfect manner; to do superficially. [Colloq.] A workman is said to scamp his work when he does it in a superficial, dishonest manner. Wedgwood. Much of the scamping and dawdling complained of is that of men in establishments of good repute. T. Hughes.

SCAMPAVIA Scam`pa*vi"a, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A long, low war galley used by the Neapolitans and Sicilians in the early part of the nineteenth century.

SCAMPER Scam"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scampered; p. pr. & vb. n. Scampering.] Etym: [OF. escamper to escape, to save one's self; L. ex from + campus the field (sc. of battle). See Camp, and cf. Decamp, Scamp, n., Shamble, v. t.]

Defn: To run with speed; to run or move in a quick, hurried manner; to hasten away. Macaulay. The lady, however, . . . could not help scampering about the room after a mouse. S. Sharpe.

SCAMPER Scam"per, n.

Defn: A scampering; a hasty flight.

SCAMPERER Scam"per*er, n.

Defn: One who scampers. Tyndell.

SCAMPISH Scamp"ish, a.

Defn: Of or like a scamp; knavish; as, scampish conduct.

SCAN Scan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scanned; p. pr. & vb. n. Scanning.] Etym: [L. scandere, scansum, to climb, to scan, akin to Skr. skand to spring, leap: cf. F. scander. Cf. Ascend, Descend, Scale a ladder.]

1. To mount by steps; to go through with step by step. [Obs.] Nor stayed till she the highest stage had scand. Spenser.

2. Specifically (Pros.), to go through with, as a verse, marking and distinguishing the feet of which it is composed; to show, in reading, the metrical structure of; to recite metrically.

3. To go over and examine point by point; to examine with care; to look closely at or into; to scrutinize. The actions of men in high stations are all conspicuous, and liable to be scanned and sifted. Atterbury.

SCANDAL Scan"dal, n. Etym: [F. scandale, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. scandle, OF. escandle. See Slander.]

1. Offense caused or experienced; reproach or reprobation called forth by what is regarded as wrong, criminal, heinous, or flagrant: opprobrium or disgrace. O, what a scandal is it to our crown, That two such noble peers as ye should jar! Shak. [I] have brought scandal To Israel, diffidence of God, and doubt In feeble hearts. Milton.

2. Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure; defamatory talk, uttered heedlessly or maliciously. You must not put another scandal on him. Shak. My known virtue is from scandal free. Dryden.

3. (Equity)

Defn: Anything alleged in pleading which is impertinent, and is reproachful to any person, or which derogates from the dignity of the court, or is contrary to good manners. Daniell.

Syn. — Defamation; detraction; slander; calumny; opprobrium; reproach; shame; disgrace.

SCANDAL Scan"dal, v. t.

1. To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce; to slander. [R.] I do faws on men and hug them hard And after scandal them. Shak.

2. To scandalize; to offend. [Obs.] Bp. Story.

Syn. — To defame; traduce; reproach; slander; calumniate; asperse; vilify; disgarce.

SCANDALIZE Scan"dal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scandalized (; p. pr. & vb. n. Scandalizing (.] Etym: [F. scandaliser, L. scandalizare, from Gr. skandali`zein.]

1. To offend the feelings of the conscience of (a person) by some action which is considered immoral or criminal; to bring shame, disgrace, or reproach upon. I demand who they are whom we scandalize by using harmless things. Hooker. the congregation looked on in silence, the better class scandalized, and the lower orders, some laughing, others backing the soldier or the minister, as their fancy dictated. Sir W. Scott.

2. To reproach; to libel; to defame; to slander. To tell his tale might be interpreted into scandalizing the order. Sir W. Scott.

SCANDALOUS Scan"dal*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scandaleux.]

1. Giving offense to the conscience or moral feelings; exciting reprobation; calling out condemnation. Nothing scandalous or offensive unto any. Hooker.

2. Disgraceful to reputation; bringing shame or infamy; opprobrious; as, a scandalous crime or vice.

3. Defamatory; libelous; as, a scandalous story.

SCANDALOUSLY Scan"dal*ous*ly, adv.

1. In a manner to give offense; shamefully. His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming the digmity of his station. Swift.

2. With a disposition to impute immorality or wrong. Shun their fault, who, scandalously nice, Will needs mistake an author into vice. Pope.

SCANDALOUSNESS Scan"dal*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being scandalous.

SCANDALUM MAGNATUM Scan"da*lum mag*na"tum`. Etym: [L., scandal of magnates.] (Law)

Defn: A defamatory speech or writing published to the injury of a person of dignity; — usually abbreviated scan. mag.

SCANDENT Scan"dent, a. Etym: [L. scandens, -entis, p.pr. of scandere to climb.]

Defn: Climbing.

Note: Scandent plants may climb either by twining, as the hop, or by twisted leafstalks, as the clematis, or by tendrils, as the passion flower, or by rootlets, as the ivy.

SCANDIA Scan"di*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Scandium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chemical earth, the oxide of scandium.

SCANDIC Scan"dic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to scandium; derived from, or containing, scandium.

SCANDINAVIAN Scan`di*na"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Scandinavia, that is, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Scandinavia.

SCANDIUM Scan"di*um, n. Etym: [NL. So called because found in Scandinavian minerals] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the boron group, whose existence was predicated under the provisional name ekaboron by means of the periodic law, and subsequently discovered by spectrum analysis in certain rare Scandinavian minerals (euxenite and gadolinite). It has not yet been isolated. Symbol Sc. Atomic weight 44

SCANSION Scan"sion, n. Etym: [L. scansio, fr. scandere, scansum, to climb. See Scan.] (Pros.)

Defn: The act of scanning; distinguishing the metrical feet of a verse by emphasis, pauses, or otherwise.

SCANSORES Scan*so"res, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. scandere, scansum, to climb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artifical group of birds formerly regarded as an order. They are distributed among several orders by modern ornithologists.

Note: The toes are in pairs, two before and two behind, by which they are enabled to cling to, and climb upon, trees, as the woodpeckers, parrots, cuckoos, and trogons. See Illust. under Aves.

SCANSORIAL Scan*so"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Capable of climbing; as, the woodpecker is a scansorial bird; adapted for climbing; as, the scansorial foot. (b) Of or pertaining to the Scansores. See Illust. under Aves. Scansorial tail (Zoöl.), a tail in which the feathers are stiff and sharp at the tip, as in the woodpeckers.

SCANT Scant, a. [Compar. Scanter; superl. Scantest.] Etym: [Icel. skamt, neuter of skamr, skammr, short; cf. skamta to dole out, to portion.]

1. Not full, large, or plentiful; scarcely sufficient; less than is wanted for the purpose; scanty; meager; not enough; as, a scant allowance of provisions or water; a scant pattern of cloth for a garment. His sermon was scant, in all, a quarter of an hour. Ridley.

2. Sparing; parsimonious; chary. Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. Shak.

Syn. — See under Scanty.

SCANT Scant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Scanting.]

1. To limit; to straiten; to treat illiberally; to stint; as, to scant one in provisions; to scant ourselves in the use of necessaries. Where man hath a great living laid together and where he is scanted. Bacon. I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your actions. Dryden.

2. To cut short; to make small, narrow, or scanty; to curtail. "Scant not my cups." Shak.

SCANT Scant, v. i.

Defn: To fail, of become less; to scantle; as, the wind scants.

SCANT Scant, adv.

Defn: In a scant manner; with difficulty; scarcely; hardly. [Obs.] Bacon. So weak that he was scant able to go down the stairs. Fuller.

SCANT Scant, n.

Defn: Scantness; scarcity. [R.] T. Carew.

SCANTILY Scant"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scanty manner; not fully; not plentifully; sparingly; parsimoniously. His mind was very scantily stored with materials. Macaulay.

SCANTINESS Scant"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality condition of being scanty.

SCANTLE Scan"tle, v. i. Etym: [Dim. of scant, v.]

Defn: To be deficient; to fail. [Obs.] Drayton.

SCANTLE Scan"tle, v. t. Etym: [OF. escanteler, eschanteler, to break into contles; pref. es- (L. ex) + cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece. Confused with E. scant. See Cantle.]

Defn: To scant; to be niggard of; to divide into small pieces; to cut short or down. [Obs.] All their pay Must your discretion scantle; keep it back. J. Webster.

SCANTLET Scant"let, n. Etym: [OF. eschantelet corner.]

Defn: A small pattern; a small quantity. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

SCANTLING Scant"ling, a. Etym: [See Scant, a.]

Defn: Not plentiful; small; scanty. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SCANTLING Scant"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. eschantillon, F. échantillon, a sample, pattern, example. In some senses confused with scant insufficient. See Scantle, v. t.]

1. A fragment; a bit; a little piece. Specifically: (a) A piece or quantity cut for a special purpose; a sample. [Obs.] Such as exceed not this scantling; — to be solace to the sovereign and harmless to the people. Bacon. A pretty scantling of his knowledge may taken by his deferring to be baptized so many years. Milton.

(b) A small quantity; a little bit; not much. [Obs.] Reducing them to narrow scantlings. Jer. Taylor.

2. A piece of timber sawed or cut of a small size, as for studs, rails, etc.

3. The dimensions of a piece of timber with regard to its breadth and thickness; hence, the measure or dimensions of anything.

4. A rough draught; a rude sketch or outline.

5. A frame for casks to lie upon; a trestle. Knight.

SCANTLY Scant"ly, adv.

1. In a scant manner; not fully or sufficiently; narrowly; penuriously. Dryden.

2. Scarcely; hardly; barely. Scantly they durst their feeble eyes dispread Upon that town. Fairfax. We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for half the work. Tennyson.

SCANTNESS Scant"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being scant; narrowness; smallness; insufficiency; scantiness. "Scantness of outward things." Barrow.

SCANTY Scant"y, a. [Compar. Scantier; superl. Scantiest.] Etym: [From Scant, a.]

1. Wanting amplitude or extent; narrow; small; not abundant. his dominions were very narrow and scanty. Locke. Now scantier limits the proud arch confine. Pope.

2. Somewhat less than is needed; insufficient; scant; as, a scanty supply of words; a scanty supply of bread.

3. Sparing; niggardly; parsimonius. In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not too scanty of words. I. Watts.

Syn. — Scant; narrow; small; poor; deficient; meager; scarce; chary; sparing; parsimonious; penurious; niggardly; grudging.

SCAPE Scape, n. Etym: [L. scapus shaft, stem, stalk; cf. Gr. scape. Cf. Scepter.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A peduncle rising from the ground or from a subterranean stem, as in the stemless violets, the bloodroot, and the like.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long basal joint of the antennæ of an insect.

3. (Arch.) (a) The shaft of a column. (b) The apophyge of a shaft.

SCAPE Scape, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Scaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaping.] Etym: [Aphetic form of escape.]

Defn: To escape. [Obs. or Poetic.] Milton. Out of this prison help that we may scape. Chaucer.

SCAPE Scape, n.

1. An escape. [Obs.] I spake of most disastrous chances, . . . Of hairbreadth scapes in the imminent, deadly breach. Shak.

2. Means of escape; evasion. [Obs.] Donne.

3. A freak; a slip; a fault; an escapade. [Obs.] Not pardoning so much as the scapes of error and ignorance. Milton.

4. Loose act of vice or lewdness. [Obs.] Shak.

SCAPEGALLOWS Scape"gal`lows, n.

Defn: One who has narrowly escaped the gallows for his crimes. [Colloq.] Dickens.

SCAPEGOAT Scape"goat`, n. Etym: [Scape (for escape) + goat.]

1. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A goat upon whose head were symbolically placed the sins of the people, after which he was suffered to escape into the wilderness. Lev. xvi. 10.

2. Hence, a person or thing that is made to bear blame for others. Tennyson.

SCAPEGRACE Scape"grace`, n.

Defn: A graceless, unprincipled person; one who is wild and reckless. Beaconsfield.

SCAPELESS Scape"less, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of a scape.

SCAPEMENT Scape"ment, n. Etym: [See Scape, v., Escapement.]

Defn: Same as Escapement, 3.

SCAPE-WHEEL Scape"-wheel`, n. (Horol.)

Defn: the wheel in an escapement (as of a clock or a watch) into the teeth of which the pallets play.

SCAPHANDER Sca*phan"der, n. Etym: [Gr. scaphandre.]

Defn: The case, or impermeable apparel, in which a diver can work while under water.

SCAPHISM Scaph"ism, n. Etym: [Gr. ska`fh a trough.]

Defn: An ancient mode of punishing criminals among the Persians, by confining the victim in a trough, with his head and limbs smeared with honey or the like, and exposed to the sun and to insects until he died.

SCAPHITE Scaph"ite, n. Etym: [L. scapha a boat, fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil cephalopod shell of the genus Scaphites, belonging to the Ammonite family and having a chambered boat-shaped shell. Scaphites are found in the Cretaceous formation.

SCAPHOCEPHALIC Scaph`o*ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or affected with, scaphocephaly.

SCAPHOCEPHALY Scaph`o*ceph"a*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A deformed condition of the skull, in which the vault is narrow, clongated, and more or less boat-shaped.

SCAPHOCERITE Scaph`o*ce"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. cerite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flattened plate or scale attached to the second joint of the antennæ of many Crustacea.

SCAPHOGNATHITE Sca*phog"na*thite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A thin leafike appendage (the exopodite) of the second maxilla of decapod crustaceans. It serves as a pumping organ to draw the water through the gill cavity.

SCAPHOID Scaph"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. scaphoïde.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling a boat in form; boat-shaped. — n.

Defn: The scaphoid bone. Scaphoid bone (a) One of the carpal bones, which articulates with the radius; the radiale. (b) One of the tarsal bones; the navicular bone. See under Navicular.

SCAPHOLUNAR Scaph`o*lu"nar, a. Etym: [Scaphoid + lunar.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the scaphoid and lunar bones of the carpus. — n.

Defn: The scapholunar bone. Scapholunar bone, a bone formed by the coalescence of the scaphoid and lunar in the carpus of carnivora.

SCAPHOPODA Sca*phop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of marine cephalate Mollusca having a tubular shell open at both ends, a pointed or spadelike foot for burrowing, and many long, slender, prehensile oral tentacles. It includes Dentalium, or the tooth shells, and other similar shells. Called also Prosopocephala, and Solenoconcha.

SCAPIFORM Sca"pi*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling scape, or flower stm.

SCAPOLITE Scap"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. scapus a stem, sta-lite: cf. F. scapolite.] (Mon.)

Defn: A grayish white mineral occuring in tetragonal crystals and in cleavable masses. It is esentially a silicate of aluminia and soda.

Note: The scapolite group includes scapolite proper, or wernerite, also meionite, dipyre, etc.

SCAPPLE Scap"ple, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. eskaper, eschapler, to cut, hew, LL. scapellare. Cf. Scabble.] (a) To work roughly, or shape without finishing, as stone before leaving the quarry. (b) To dress in any way short of fine tooling or rubbing, as stone. Gwilt.

SCAPULA Scap"u*la, n.; pl. L. Scapulæ, E. Scapuolas. Etym: [L.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The principal bone of the shoulder girdle in mammals; the shoulder blade.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the plates from which the arms of a crinoid arise.

SCAPULAR Scap"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scapulaire. Cf. Scapulary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder Scapular arch (Anat.), the pectoral arch. See under pectoral. — Scapular region, or Scapular tract (Zoöl.), a definite longitudinal area over the shoulder and along each side of the back of a bird, from which the scapular feathers arise.

SCAPULAR Scap"u*lar, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a special group of feathers which arise from each of the scapular regions and lie along the sides of the back.

SCAPULAR; SCAPULARY Scap"u*lar, Scap"u*la*ry, n. Etym: [F. scapulaire, LL. scapularium, scapulare, fr. L.scapula shoulder blade.]

1. (R.C.Ch.) (a) A loose sleeveless vestment falling in front and behind, worn by certain religious orders and devout persons. (b) The name given to two pieces of cloth worn under the ordinary garb and over the shoulders as an act of devotion. Addis & Arnold.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A bandage passing over the shoulder to support it, or to retain another bandage in place.

SCAPULARY Scap"u*la*ry, a.

Defn: Same as Scapular, a.

SCAPULARY Scap"u*la*ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as 2d and 3d Scapular.

SCAPULET Scap"u*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of scapula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A secondary mouth fold developed at the base of each of the armlike lobes of the manubrium of many rhizostome medusæ. See Illustration in Appendix.

SCAPULO- Scap"u*lo- (.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the scapula or the shoulder; as, the scapulo- clavicular articulation, the articulation between the scapula and clavicle.

SCAPUS Sca"pus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See 1st Scape.

SCAR Scar, n. Etym: [OF. escare, F. eschare an eschar, a dry slough (cf. It. & Sp. escara), L. eschara, fr. Gr. Eschar.]

1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made by a wound or ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is healed; a cicatrix; a mark left by a previous injury; a blemish; a disfigurement. This earth had the beauty of youth, . . . and not a wrinkle, scar, or fracture on all its body. T. Burnet.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A mark left upon a stem or branch by the fall of a leaf, leaflet, or frond, or upon a seed by the separation of its support. See Illust. under Axillary.

SCAR Scar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarred; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarring.]

Defn: To mark with a scar or scars. Yet I'll not shed her blood; Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow. Shak. His cheeks were deeply scarred. Macaulay.

SCAR Scar, v. i.

Defn: To form a scar.

SCAR Scar, n. Etym: [Scot. scar, scaur, Icel. sker a skerry, an isolated rock in the sea; akin to Dan. skiær, Sw. skär. Cf. Skerry.]

Defn: An isolated or protruding rock; a steep, rocky eminence; a bare place on the side of a mountain or steep bank of earth. [Written also scaur.] O sweet and far, from cliff and scar, The horns of Elfland faintly blowing. Tennyson.

SCAR Scar, n. Etym: [L. scarus, a kind of fish, Gr. ska`ros.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine food fish, the scarus, or parrot fish.

SCARAB; SCARABEE Scar"ab, Scar"a*bee, n. Etym: [L. scarabeus; cf. F. scarabée.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of lamellicorn beetles of the genus Scarabæus, or family Scarabæidæ, especially the sacred, or Egyptian, species (Scarabæus sacer, and S. Egyptiorum).

SCARABAEUS Scar`a*bæ"us, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scarab.

SCARABOID Scar"a*boid, a. Etym: [Scarab + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Scarabæidæ, an extensive group which includes the Egyptian scarab, the tumbleding, and many similar lamellicorn beetles.

SCARABOID Scar"a*boid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scaraboid beetle.

SCARAMOUCH Scar"a*mouch`, n. Etym: [F. scaramouche, It.scaramuccio, scaramuccia, originally the name of a celebrated Italian comedian; cf. It. scaramuccia, scaramuccio, F. escarmouche, skirmish. Cf. Skirmish.]

Defn: A personage in the old Italian comedy (derived from Spain) characterized by great boastfulness and poltroonery; hence, a person of like characteristics; a buffoon.

SCARCE Scarce, a. [Compar. Scarcer; superl. Scarcest.] Etym: [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See Carpet, and cf. Excerp.]

1. Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. You tell him silver is scarcer now in England, and therefore risen one fifth in value. Locke. The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a medallion well preserved. Addison.

2. Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); — with of. [Obs.] "A region scarce of prey." Milton.

3. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; stingy. [Obs.] "Too scarce ne too sparing." Chaucer. To make one's self scarce, to decamp; to depart. [Slang]

Syn. — Rare; infrequent; deficient. See Rare.

SCARCE; SCARCELY Scarce, Scarce"ly, adv.

1. With difficulty; hardly; scantly; barely; but just. With a scarce well-lighted flame. Milton. The eldest scarcely five year was of age. Chaucer. Slowly she sails, and scarcely stems the tides. Dryden. He had scarcely finished, when the laborer arrived who had been sent for my ransom. W. Irwing.

2. Frugally; penuriously. [Obs.] haucer.

SCARCEMENT Scarce"ment, n. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: An offset where a wall or bank of earth, etc., retreats, leaving a shelf or footing.

SCARCENESS; SCARCITY Scarce"ness, Scar"ci*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being scarce; smallness of quantity in proportion to the wants or demands; deficiency; lack of plenty; short supply; penury; as, a scarcity of grain; a great scarcity of beauties. Chaucer. A scarcity of snow would raise a mutiny at Naples. Addison. Praise . . . owes its value to its scarcity. Rambler. The value of an advantage is enhanced by its scarceness. Collier.

Syn. — Deficiency; lack; want; penury; dearth; rareness; rarity; infrequency.

SCARD Scard, n.

Defn: A shard or fragment. [Obs.]

SCARE Scare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scared; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaring.] Etym: [OE. skerren, skeren, Icel. skirra to bar, prevent, skirrask to shun , shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre, adj., scared, Icel. skjarr; both perhaps akin to E. sheer to turn.]

Defn: To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to alarm. The noise of thy crossbow Will scare the herd, and so my shoot is lost. Shak. To scare away, to drive away by frightening. — To scare up, to find by search, as if by beating for game. [Slang]

Syn. — To alarm; frighten; startle; affright; terrify.

SCARE Scare, n.

Defn: Fright; esp., sudden fright produced by a trifling cause, or originating in mistake. [Colloq.]

SCARECROW Scare"crow`, n.

1. Anything set up to frighten crows or other birds from cornfields; hence, anything terifying without danger. A scarecrow set to frighten fools away. Dryden.

2. A person clad in rags and tatters. No eye hath seen such scarecrows. I'll not march with them through Coventry, that's flat. Shak.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black tern. [Prov. Eng.]

SCAREFIRE Scare"fire`, n.

1. An alarm of fire. [Obs.]

2. A fire causing alarm. [Obs.] Fuller.

SCARF Scarf, n. Etym: [Icel. skarfr.]

Defn: A cormorant. [Scot.]

SCARF Scarf, n.; pl. Scarfs, rarely Scarves. Etym: [Cf. OF. escharpe a piligrim's scrip, or wallet (handing about the neck.), F. écharpe sash, scarf; probably from OHG. scharpe pocket; also (from the French) Dan. skiærf; Sw. skärp, Prov. G. schärfe, LG. scherf, G. schärpe; and also AS. scearf a fragment; possibly akin to E. scrip a wallet. Cf. Scarp a scarf.]

Defn: An article of dress of a light and decorative character, worn loosely over the shoulders or about the neck or the waist; a light shawl or handkerchief for the neck; also, a cravat; a neckcloth. Put on your hood and scarf. Swift. With care about the banners, scarves, and staves. R. Browning.

SCARF Scarf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarfed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarfing.]

1. To throw on loosely; to put on like a scarf. "My sea-gown scarfed about me." Shak.

2. To dress with a scarf, or as with a scarf; to cover with a loose wrapping. Shak.

SCARF Scarf, v. t. Etym: [Sw. skarfva to eke out, to join together, skarf a seam, joint; cf. Dan. skarre to joint, to unite timber, Icel. skara to clinich the planks of a boat, G. scharben to chop, to cut small.] (a) To form a scarf on the end or edge of, as for a joint in timber, metal rods, etc. (b) To unite, as two pieces of timber or metal, by a scarf joint.

SCARF Scarf, n. (a) In a piece which is to be united to another by a scarf joint, the part of the end or edge that is tapered off, rabbeted, or notched so as to be thinner than the rest of the piece. (b) A scarf joint. Scarf joint (a) A joint made by overlapping and bolting or locking together the ends of two pieces of timber that are halved, notched, or cut away so that they will fit each other and form a lengthened beam of the same size at the junction as elsewhere. (b) A joint formed by welding, riveting, or brazing together the overlapping scarfed ends, or edges, of metal rods, sheets, etc. — Scarf weld. See under Weld.

SCARFSKIN Scarf"skin`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Epidermis.

SCARIFICATION Scar`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. scarificatio: cf. F. scarification.]

Defn: The act of scarifying.

SCARIFICATOR Scar"i*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scarificateur.] (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument, principally used in cupping, containing several lancets moved simultaneously by a spring, for making slight incisions.

SCARIFIER Scar"i*fi`er, n.

1. One who scarifies.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: The instrument used for scarifying.

3. (Agric.)

Defn: An implement for stripping and loosening the soil, without bringing up a fresh surface. You have your scarifiers to make the ground clean. Southey.

SCARIFY Scar"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarified; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarifying.] Etym: [F. scarifier, L. scarificare, scarifare, fr. Gr.

1. To scratch or cut the skin of; esp. (Med.), to make small incisions in, by means of a lancet or scarificator, so as to draw blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large vein.

2. (Agric.)

Defn: To stir the surface soil of, as a field.

SCARIOSE; SCARIOUS Sca"ri*ose, Sca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [F. scarieux, NL. scariosus. Cf. Scary.] (Bot.)

Defn: Thin, dry, membranous, and not green. Gray.

SCARLATINA Scar`la*ti"na, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. scarlatine. See Scarlet.] (Med.)

Defn: Scarlet fever. — Scar`la*ti"nal, a. — Scar*lat"i*nous (# or #), a.

SCARLESS Scar"less, a.

Defn: Free from scar. Drummond.

SCARLET Scar"let, n. Etym: [OE. scarlat, scarlet, OF. escarlate, F. écarlate (cf. Pr. escarlat, escarlata, Sp. & Pg. escarlata, It. scarlatto, LL. scarlatum), from Per. sakirlat.]

Defn: A deep bright red tinged with orange or yellow, — of many tints and shades; a vivid or bright red color.

2. Cloth of a scarlet color. All her household are clothed with scarlet. Prov. xxxi. 21.

SCARLET Scar"let, a.

Defn: Of the color called scarlet; as, a scarlet cloth or thread. Scarlet admiral (Zoöl.), the red admiral. See under Red. — Scarlet bean (Bot.), a kind of bean (Phaseolus multiflorus) having scarlet flowers; scarlet runner. — Scarlet fever (Med.), a contagious febrile disease characterized by inflammation of the fauces and a scarlet rash, appearing usually on the second day, and ending in desquamation about the sixth or seventh day. — Scarlet fish (Zoöl.), the telescope fish; — so called from its red color. See under Telescope. — Scarlet ibis (Zoöl.) See under Ibis. — Scarlet maple (Bot.), the red maple. See Maple. — Scarlet mite (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of bright red carnivorous mites found among grass and moss, especially Thombidium holosericeum and allied species. The young are parasitic upon spiders and insects. — Scarlet oak (Bot.), a species of oak (Quercus coccinea) of the United States; — so called from the scarlet color of its leaves in autumn. — Scarlet runner (Bot.), the scarlet bean. — Scarlet tanager. (Zoöl.) See under Tanager.

SCARLET Scar"let, v. t.

Defn: To dye or tinge with scarlet. [R.] The ashy paleness of my cheek Is scarleted in ruddy flakes of wrath. Ford.

SCARMAGE; SCARMOGE Scar"mage, Scar"moge, n.

Defn: A slight contest; a skirmish. See Skirmish. [Obs.] Such cruel game my scarmoges disarms. Spenser.

SCARN Scarn, n. Etym: [Icel. skarn; akin to AS. scearn. Cf. Shearn.]

Defn: Dung. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray. Scarn bee (Zoöl.), a dung beetle.

SCAROID Sca"roid, a. Etym: [Scarus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Scaridæ, a family of marine fishes including the parrot fishes.

SCARP Scarp, n. Etym: [OF. escharpe. See 2d Scarf.] (Her.)

Defn: A band in the same position as the bend sinister, but only half as broad as the latter.

SCARP Scarp, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of Escarp.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: The slope of the ditch nearest the parapet; the escarp.

2. A steep descent or declivity.

SCARP Scarp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scarped; p. pr. & vb. n. Scarping.]

Defn: To cut down perpendicularly, or nearly so; as, to scarp the face of a ditch or a rock. From scarped cliff and quarried stone. Tennyson. Sweep ruins from the scarped mountain. Emerson.

SCARRING Scar"ring, n.

Defn: A scar; a mark. We find upon the limestone rocks the scarrings of the ancient glacier which brought the bowlder here. Tyndall.

SCARRY Scar"ry, a.

Defn: Bearing scars or marks of wounds.

SCARRY Scar"ry, a. Etym: [See 4th Scar.]

Defn: Like a scar, or rocky eminence; containing scars. Holinshed.

SCARUS Sca"rus, n. Etym: [L. See Scar a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Mediterranean food fish (Sparisoma scarus) od excellent quality and highly valued by the Romans; — called also parrot fish.

SCARY Sca"ry, n. Etym: [Prov. E. scare scraggy.]

Defn: Barren land having only a thin coat of grass. [Prov. Eng.]

SCARY Scar"y, a. Etym: [From Scare.]

1. Subject to sudden alarm. [Colloq.U.S.] Whittier.

2. Causing fright; alarming. [Colloq.U.S.]

SCASELY Scase"ly, adv.

Defn: Scarcely; hardly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Robynson (More's Utopia)

SCAT Scat, interj.

Defn: Go away; begone; away; — chiefly used in driving off a cat.

SCAT; SCATT Scat, Scatt, n. Etym: [Icel. scattr.]

Defn: Tribute. [R.] "Seizing scatt and treasure." Longfellow.

SCAT Scat, n.

Defn: A shower of rain. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

SCATCH Scatch, n. Etym: [F. escache.]

Defn: A kind of bit for the bridle of a horse; — called also scatchmouth. Bailey.

SCATCHES Scatch"es, n.; pl. Etym: [OF. eschaces, F. échasses, fr. D. schaats a high-heeled shoe, a skate. See Skate, for the foot.]

Defn: Stilts. [Prov. Eng.]

SCATE Scate, n.

Defn: See Skate, for the foot.

SCATEBROUS Scat"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. scatebra a gushing up of water, from scatere to bubble, gush.]

Defn: Abounding with springs. [Obs.]

SCATH Scath, n. Etym: [Icel. skathi; akin to Dan. skade, Sw. skada, AS. sceatha, scatha, foe, injurer, OS. skatho, D. schade, schaden; cf. Gr. Scathe, v.]

Defn: Harm; damage; injury; hurt; waste; misfortune. [Written also scathe.] But she was somedeal deaf, and that was skathe. Chaucer. Great mercy, sure, for to enlarge a thrall, Whose freedom shall thee turn to greatest scath. Spenser. Wherein Rome hath done you any scath, Let him make treble satisfaction. Shak.

SCATHE; SCATH Scathe, Scath, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scathing.] Etym: [Icel. skatha; akin to AS. sceathan, sceth\'eban, Dan. skade, Sw. skada, D. & G. schaden, OHG. scadon, Goth. skaÞjan.]

Defn: To do harm to; to injure; to damage; to waste; to destroy. As when heaven's fire Hath scathed the forest oaks or mountain pines. Milton. Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul. W. Irwing.

SCATHFUL Scath"ful, a.

Defn: Harmful; doing damage; pernicious. Shak. — Scath"ful*ness, n.

SCATHLESS Scath"less, a.

Defn: Unharmed. R. L. Stevenson. He, too, . . . is to be dismissed scathless. Sir W. Scott.

SCATHLY Scath"ly, a.

Defn: Injurious; scathful. [Obs.]

SCATTER Scat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Scattering.] Etym: [OE. scateren. See Shatter.]

1. To strew about; to sprinkle around; to throw down loosely; to deposit or place here and there, esp. in an open or sparse order. And some are scattered all the floor about. Chaucer. Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains, Their scattered cottages, and ample plains Dryden. Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly, Soft quiet, gentle love, and endless joy. Prior.

2. To cause to separate in different directions; to reduce from a close or compact to a loose or broken order; to dissipate; to disperse. Scatter and disperse the giddy Goths. Shak.

3. Hence, to frustrate, disappoint, and overthrow; as, to scatter hopes, plans, or the like.

Syn. — To disperse; dissipate; spread; strew.

SCATTER Scat"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be dispersed or dissipated; to disperse or separate; as, clouds scatter after a storm.

SCATTER-BRAIN Scat"ter-brain`, n.

Defn: A giddy or thoughtless person; one incapable of concentration or attention. [Written also scatter-brains.]

SCATTER-BRAINED Scat"ter-brained`, a.

Defn: Giddy; thoughtless.

SCATTERED Scat"tered, a.

1. Dispersed; dissipated; sprinkled, or loosely spread.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Irregular in position; having no regular order; as, scattered leaves. — Scat"tered*ly, adv. — Scat"tered*ness, n.

SCATTERGOOD Scat"ter*good`, n.

Defn: One who wastes; a spendthrift.

SCATTERING Scat"ter*ing, a.

Defn: Going or falling in various directions; not united or agregated; divided among many; as, scattering votes.

SCATTERING Scat"ter*ing, n.

Defn: Act of strewing about; something scattered. South.

SCATTERINGLY Scat"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scattering manner; dispersedly.

SCATTERLING Scat"ter*ling, n. Etym: [Scatter + -ling.]

Defn: One who has no fixed habitation or residence; a vagabond. [Obs.] "Foreign scatterlings." Spenser.

SCATURIENT Sca*tu"ri*ent, a.Etym: [L. scaturiens, p.pr. of scaturire gush out, from scatere to bubble, gush.]

Defn: Gushing forth; full to overflowing; effusive. [R.] A pen so scaturient and unretentive. Sir W. Scott.

SCATURIGINOUS Scat`u*rig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. skaturiginosus, fr. scaturigo gushing water. See Scaturient.]

Defn: Abounding with springs. [Obs.]

SCAUP Scaup, n. Etym: [See Scalp a bed of oysters or mussels.]

1. A bed or stratum of shellfish; scalp. [Scot.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scaup duck. See below. Scaup duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of northern ducks of the genus Aythya, or Fuligula. The adult males are, in large part, black. The three North American species are: the greater scaup duck (Aythya marila, var. nearctica), called also broadbill, bluebill, blackhead, flock duck, flocking fowl, and raft duck; the lesser scaup duck (A. affinis), called also little bluebill, river broadbill, and shuffler; the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup duck (A. collaris), called also black jack, ringneck, ringbill, ringbill shuffler, etc. See Illust. of Ring-necked, under Ring- necked. The common European scaup, or mussel, duck (A.marila), closely resembles the American variety.

SCAUPER Scaup"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Scalper.]

Defn: A tool with a semicircular edge, — used by engravers to clear away the spaces between the lines of an engraving. Fairholt.

SCAUR Scaur, n.

Defn: A precipitous bank or rock; a scar.

SCAVAGE Scav"age (; 48), n. Etym: [LL. scavagium, fr. AS. sceáwian to lock at to inspect. See Show.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: A toll duty formerly exacted of merchant strangers by mayors, sheriffs, etc., for goods shown or offered for sale within their precincts. Cowell.

SCAVENGE Scav"enge, v. t.

Defn: To cleanse, as streets, from filth. C. Kingsley.

SCAVENGER Scav"en*ger, n. Etym: [OE. scavager an officer with various duties, orginally attending to scavage, fr. OE. & E. scavage. See Scavage, Show, v.]

Defn: A person whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, by scraping or sweeping, and carrying off the fifth. The name is also applied to any animal which devours refuse, carrion, or anything injurious to health. Scavenger beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle which feeds on decaying substances, as the carrion beetle. — Scavanger crab (Zoöl.), any crab which feeds on dead animals, as the spider crab. — Scavenger's daughter Etym: [corrupt. of Skevington's daughter], an instrument of torture invented by Sir W. Skevington, which so compressed the body as to force the blood to flow from nostrils. and sometimes from the hands and feet. Am. Cyc.

SCAVENGING Scav"eng*ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of Scavenge. Hence, n. (Internal- combustion Engines)

Defn: Act or process of expelling the exhaust gases from the cylinder by some special means, as, in many four-cycle engines, by utilizing the momentum of the exhaust gases in a long exhaust pipe.

SCAZON Sca"zon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. to limp.] (Lat. Pros.)

Defn: A choliamb.

SCELERAT Scel"er*at, n. Etym: [F. scéléra from L. sceleratus, p.p. of scelerare to pollute, from scelus, sceleris, a crime.]

Defn: A villian; a criminal. [Obs.] Cheyne.

SCELESTIC Sce*les"tic, a. Etym: [L. scelestus, from scelus wickedness.]

Defn: Evil; wicked; atrocious. [Obs.] "Scelestic villainies." Feltham.

SCELET Scel"et, n. Etym: [See Skeleton.]

Defn: A mummy; a skeleton. [Obs.] olland.

SCENA Sce"na, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.) (a) A scene in an opera. (b) An accompanied dramatic recitative, interspersed with passages of melody, or followed by a full aria. Rockstro.

SCENARIO Sce*na"ri*o, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A preliminary sketch of the plot, or main incidents, of an opera.

SCENARY Scen"a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. L. scenarius belonging to the stage.]

Defn: Scenery. [Obs.] Dryden.

SCENE Scene, n. Etym: [L. scaena, scena, Gr.

1. The structure on which a spectacle or play is exhibited; the part of a theater in which the acting is done, with its adjuncts and decorations; the stage.

2. The decorations and fittings of a stage, representing the place in which the action is supposed to go on; one of the slides, or other devices, used to give an appearance of reality to the action of a play; as, to paint scenes; to shift the scenes; to go behind the scenes.

3. So much of a play as passes without change of locality or time, or important change of character; hence, a subdivision of an act; a separate portion of a play, subordinate to the act, but differently determined in different plays; as, an act of four scenes. My dismal scene I needs must act alone. Shak.

4. The place, time, circumstance, etc., in which anything occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the like, is laid; surroundings amid which anything is set before the imagination; place of occurence, exhibition, or action. "In Troy, there lies the scene." Shak. The world is a vast scene of strife. J. M. Mason.

5. An assemblage of objects presented to the view at once; a series of actions and events exhibited in their connection; a spectacle; a show; an exhibition; a view. Through what new scenes and changes must we pass! Addison.

6. A landscape, or part of a landscape; scenery. A sylvan scene with various greens was drawn, Shades on the sides, and in the midst a lawn. Dryden.

7. An exhibition of passionate or strong feeling before others; often, an artifical or affected action, or course of action, done for effect; a theatrical display. Probably no lover of scenes would have had very long to wait De Quincey. Behind the scenes, behind the scenery of a theater; out of the view of the audience, but in sight of the actors, machinery, etc.; hence, conversant with the hidden motives and agencies of what appears to public view.

SCENE Scene, v. t.

Defn: To exhibit as a scene; to make a scene of; to display. [Obs.] Abp. Sancroft.

SCENEFUL Scene"ful, a.

Defn: Having much scenery. [R.]

SCENEMAN Scene"man, n.; pl. Scenemen (.

Defn: The man who manages the movable scenes in a theater.

SCENERY Scen"er*y, n.

1. Assemblage of scenes; the scenes of a play; the disposition and arrangement of the scenes in which the action of a play, poem, etc., is laid; representation of place of action or occurence.

2. Sum of scenes or views; general aspect, as regards variety and beauty or the reverse, in a landscape; combination of natural views, as woods, hills, etc. Never need an American look beyond his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery. W. Irving.

SCENESHIFTER Scene"shift`er, n.

Defn: One who moves the scenes in a theater; a sceneman.

SCENIC; SCENICAL Scen"ic, Scen"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. scaenicus, scenicus, Gr. scénique. See Scene.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to scenery; of the nature of scenery; theatrical. All these situations communicate a scenical animation to the wild romance, if treated dramatically. De Quincey.

SCENOGRAPH Scen"o*graph, n. Etym: [See Scenography.]

Defn: A perspective representation or general view of an object.

SCENOGRAPHIC; SCENOGRAPHICAL Scen`o*graph"ic, Scen`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. scénographique, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to scenography; drawn in perspective. — Scen`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

SCENOGRAPHY Sce*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. scenographia, Gr. scénographie.]

Defn: The art or act of representing a body on a perspective plane; also, a representation or description of a body, in all its dimensions, as it appears to the eye. Greenhill.

SCENT Scent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scented; p. pr. & vb. n. Scenting.] Etym: [Originally sent, fr. F. sentir to feel, to smell. See Sense.]

1. To perceive by the olfactory organs; to smell; as, to scent game, as a hound does. Methinks I scent the morning air. Shak.

2. To imbue or fill with odor; to perfume. Balm from a silver box distilled around, Shall all bedew the roots, and scent the sacred ground. Dryden.

SCENT Scent, v. i.

1. To have a smell. [Obs.] Thunderbolts . . . do scent strongly of brimstone. Holland.

2. To hunt animals by means of the sense of smell.

SCENT Scent, n.

1. That which, issuing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of animals; odor; smell; as, the scent of an orange, or of a rose; the scent of musk. With lavish hand diffuses scents ambrosial. prior.

2. Specifically, the odor left by an animal on the ground in passing over it; as, dogs find or lose the scent; hence, course of pursuit; track of discovery. He gained the observations of innumerable ages, and traveled upon the same scent into Ethiopia. Sir W. Temple.

3. The power of smelling; the sense of smell; as, a hound of nice scent; to divert the scent. I. Watts.

SCENTFUL Scent"ful, a.

1. Full of scent or odor; odorous. "A scentful nosegay." W. Browne.

2. Of quick or keen smell. The scentful osprey by the rock had fished. W. Browne.

SCENTINGLY Scent"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By scent. [R.] Fuller.

SCENTLESS Scent"less, a.

Defn: Having no scent. The scentless and the scented rose. Cowper.

SCEPSIS Scep"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. skepsis. See Skeptic.]

Defn: Skepticism; skeptical philosophy. [R.] Among their products were the system of Locke, the scepsis of Hume, the critical philosophy of kant. J. martineau.

SCEPTER; SCEPTRE Scep"ter, Scep"tre, n. Etym: [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]

1. A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. And the king held out Esther the golden scepter that was in his hand. Esther v. 2.

2. Hence, royal or imperial power or authority; sovereignty; as, to assume the scepter. The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shilon come. Gen. xlix. 10.

SCEPTER; SCEPTRE Scep"ter, Scep"tre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sceptered or Sceptred (p. pr. & vb. n. Sceptering or Sceptring (.]

Defn: To endow with the scepter, or emblem of authority; to invest with royal authority. To Britain's queen the sceptered suppliant bends. Tickell.

SCEPTERELLATE Scep`ter*el"late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a straight shaft with whorls of spines; — said of certain sponge spicules. See Illust. under Spicule.

SCEPTERLESS; SCEPTRELESS Scep"ter*less, Scep"tre*less, a.

Defn: Having no scepter; without authority; powerless; as, a scepterless king.

SCEPTIC; SCEPTICAL; SCEPTICISM Scep"tic, Scep"tic*al, Scep"ti*cism,

Defn: etc. See Skeptic, Skeptical, Skepticism, etc.

SCEPTRAL Scep"tral, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a scepter; like a scepter.

SCERN Scern, v. t.

Defn: To discern; to perceive. [Obs.]

SCHADE Schade, n.

Defn: Shade; shadow. [Obs.]

Note: English words now beginning with sh, like shade, were formerly often spelled with a c between the s and h; as, schade; schame; schape; schort, etc.

SCHAH Schah, n.

Defn: See Shah.

SCHAPPE Schap"pe, n. [G. dial. (Swiss), waste, impurity.]

Defn: A silk yarn or fabric made out of carded spun silk.

SCHATCHEN Schat"chen, n. [Yiddish, fr. NHeb. shadkhan, fr. shadakh to bring about a marriage, orig., to persuade.]

Defn: A person whose business is marriage brokage; a marriage broker, esp. among certain Jews.

SCHEDIASM Sche"di*asm, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Cursory writing on a loose sheet. [R.]

SCHEDULE Sched"ule (; in England commonly ; 277), n. Etym: [F. cédule, formerly also spelt schedule, L. schedula, dim. of scheda, scida, a strip of papyrus bark, a leaf of paper; akin to (or perh. from) Gr. scindere to cleave, Gr. Schism, and cf. Cedule.]

Defn: A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a statute, etc.

Syn. — Catalogue; list; inventory. see List.

SCHEDULE Sched"ule, v. t.

Defn: To form into, or place in, a schedule.

SCHEELE'S GREEN Scheele's" green`. Etym: [See Scheelite.] (Chem.)

Defn: See under Green.

SCHEELIN Scheel"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Scheelium. [Obs.]

SCHEELITE Scheel"ite (, n. Etym: [From C.W.Scheele, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: Calcium tungstate, a mineral of a white or pale yellowish color and of the tetragonal system of crystallization.

SCHEELIUM Schee"li*um, n. Etym: [NL. From C.W.Scheele, who discovered it.] (Chem.)

Defn: The metal tungsten. [Obs.]

SCHEIK Scheik (shek or shak), n.

Defn: See Sheik.

SCHELLY Schel"ly, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The powan. [Prov. Eng.]

SCHEMA Sche"ma, n.; pl. Schemata, E. Schemas. Etym: [G. See Scheme.] (Kantian Philos.)

Defn: An outline or image universally applicable to a general conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the mind; as, five dots in a line are a schema of the number five; a preceding and succeeding event are a schema of cause and effect.

SCHEMATIC Sche*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a scheme or a schema.

SCHEMATISM Sche"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. schématisme (cf. L. schematismos florid speech), fr. Gr. Scheme.]

1. (Astrol.)

Defn: Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.

2. Particular form or disposition of a thing; an exhibition in outline of any systematic arrangement. [R.]

SCHEMATIST Sche"ma*tist, n.

Defn: One given to forming schemes; a projector; a schemer. Swift.

SCHEMATIZE Sche"ma*tize, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. schématiser, Gr.

Defn: To form a scheme or schemes.

SCHEME Scheme, n. Etym: [L. schema a rhetorical figure, a shape, figure, manner, Gr. sah to be victorious, to endure, to hold out, AS. sige victory, G. sieg. Cf. Epoch, Hectic, School.]

1. A combination of things connected and adjusted by design; a system. The appearance and outward scheme of things. Locke. Such a scheme of things as shall at once take in time and eternity. Atterbury. Arguments . . . sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy. J. Edwards. The Revolution came and changed his whole scheme of life. Macaulay.

2. A plan or theory something to be done; a design; a project; as, to form a scheme. The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cuttig off our feet when we want shoes. Swift.

3. Any lineal or mathematical diagram; an outline. To draw an exact scheme of Constantinople, or a map of France. South.

4. (Astrol.)

Defn: A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies for any moment o at a given event. A blue case, from which was drawn a scheme of nativity. Sir W. Scott.

Syn. — Plan; project; contrivance; purpose; device; plot. — Scheme, Plan. Scheme and plan are subordinate to design; they propose modes of carrying our designs into effect. Scheme is the least definite of the two, and lies more in speculation. A plan is drawn out into details with a view to being carried into effect. As schemes are speculative, they often prove visionary; hence the opprobrious use of the words schemer and scheming. Plans, being more practical, are more frequently carried into effect. He forms the well-concerted scheme of mischief; 'T is fixed, 't is done, and both are doomed to death. Rowe. Artists and plans relieved my solemn hours; I founded palaces, and planted bowers. prior.

SCHEME Scheme, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Schemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scheming.]

Defn: To make a scheme of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot. That wickedness which schemed, and executed, his destruction. G. Stuart.

SCHEME Scheme, v. i.

Defn: To form a scheme or schemes.

SCHEMEFUL Scheme"ful, a.

Defn: Full of schemes or plans.

SCHEMER Schem"er, n.

Defn: One who forms schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an intriguer. Schemers and confederates in guilt. Paley.

SCHEMING Schem"ing, a.

Defn: Given to forming schemes; artful; intriguing. — Schem"ing*ly, adv.

SCHEMIST Schem"ist, n.

Defn: A schemer. [R.] Waterland.

SCHENE Schene, n. Etym: [L. schoenus, Gr. schène.] (Antiq.)

Defn: An Egyptian or Persian measure of length, varying from thirthy- two to sixty stadia.

SCHENKBEER Schenk"beer`, n. Etym: [G. schenkbier; schenken to pour out + bier beer; — so called because put on draught soon after it is made.]

Defn: A mild German beer.

SCHERBET Scher"bet, n.

Defn: See Sherbet.

SCHERIF Scher"if ( or ), n.

Defn: See Sherif.

SCHERZANDO Scher*zan"do, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: In a playful or sportive manner.

SCHERZO Scher"zo, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A playful, humorous movement, commonly in 3-4 measure, which often takes the place of the old minuet and trio in a sonata or a symphony.

SCHESIS Sche"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Scheme.]

1. General state or disposition of the body or mind, or of one thing with regard to other things; habitude. [Obs.] Norris.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech whereby the mental habitude of an adversary or opponent is feigned for the purpose of arguing against him. Crabb.

SCHETIC; SCHETICAL Schet"ic, Schet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the habit of the body; constitutional. [Obs.] Cudworth.

SCHIEDAM Schie*dam", n. Etym: [Short for Schiedam schnapps.]

Defn: Holland gin made at Schiedam in the Netherlands.

SCHILLER Schil"ler, n. Etym: [G., play of colors.] (Min.)

Defn: The peculiar bronzelike luster observed in certain minerals, as hypersthene, schiller spar, etc. It is due to the presence of minute inclusions in parallel position, and in sometimes of secondary origin. Schiller spar (Min.), an altered variety of enstatite, exhibiting, in certain positions, a bronzelike luster.

SCHILLERIZATION Schil`ler*i*za"tion, n. (Min.)

Defn: The act or process of producing schiller in a mineral mass.

SCHILLING Schil"ling, n. Etym: [G. See Shilling.]

Defn: Any one of several small German and Dutch coins, worth from about one and a half cents to about five cents.

SCHINDYLESIS Schin`dy*le"sis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A form of articulation in which one bone is received into a groove or slit in another.

SCHIRRHUS Schir"rhus, n.

Defn: See Scirrhus.

SCHISM Schism, n. Etym: [OE. scisme, OF. cisme, scisme, F. schisme, L. schisma, Gr. scindere, Skr. child, and prob. to E. shed, v.t. (which see); cf. Rescind, Schedule, Zest.]

Defn: Division or separation; specifically (Eccl.), permanent division or separation in the Christian church; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith; the offense of seeking to produce division in a church without justifiable cause. Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to our schisms by charity. Eikon Basilike.

Greek schism (Eccl.), the separation of the Greek and Roman churches. — Great schism, or Western schism (Eccl.) a schism in the church in the latter part of the 14th century, on account of rival claimants to the papal throne. — Schism act (Law), an act of the English Parliament requiring all teachers to conform to the Established Church, — passed in 1714, repealed in 1719.

SCHISMA Schis"ma, n. Etym: [L., a spilt, separation, Gr. schisma. See Schism.] (Anc. Mus.)

Defn: An interval equal to half a comma.

SCHISMATIC Schis*mat"ic (sîz*mât"îk; so nearly all orthoëpists), a. Etym: [L. schismaticus, Gr. schismatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to schism; as, schismatic opinions or proposals.

SCHISMATIC Schis*mat"ic, n.

Defn: One who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates from an established church or religious communion on account of a difference of opinion. "They were popularly classed together as canting schismatics." Macaulay.

Syn. — Heretic; partisan. See Heretic.

SCHISMATICAL Schis*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Schismatic. — Schismat"ic*al*ly, adv. — Schis*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

SCHISMATIZE Schis"ma*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Schismatized; p. pr. & vb. n. Schismatizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. schismatiser.]

Defn: To make part in schism; to make a breach of communion in the church.

SCHISMLESS Schism"less, a.

Defn: Free from schism.

SCHIST Schist (shîst), n. Etym: [Gr. schiste. See Schism.] (Geol.)

Defn: Any crystalline rock having a foliated structure (see Foliation) and hence admitting of ready division into slabs or slates. The common kinds are mica schist, and hornblendic schist, consisting chiefly of quartz with mica or hornblende and often feldspar.

SCHISTACEOUS Schis*ta"ceous, a.

Defn: Of a slate color.

SCHISTIC Schist"ic, a.

Defn: Schistose.

SCHISTOSE; SCHISTOUS Schis*tose", Schist*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. schisteux.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to schist; having the structure of a schist.

SCHISTOSITY Schis*tos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. schistosité.] (Geol.)

Defn: The quality or state of being schistose.

SCHIZO- Schiz"o-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form denoting division or cleavage; as, schizogenesis, reproduction by fission or cell division.

SCHIZOCARP Schiz"o*carp, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A dry fruit which splits at maturity into several closed one- seeded portions.

SCHIZOCOELE Schiz"o*coele, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Enterocoele.

SCHIZOCOELOUS Schiz`o*coe"lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a schizocoele.

SCHIZOGENESIS Schiz`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Schizo- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: reproduction by fission. Haeckel.

SCHIZOGNATH Schiz"og*nath, n. Etym: [See Schizognathous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird with a schizognathous palate.

SCHIZOGNATHAE Schi*zog"na*thæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The schizognathous birds.

SCHIZOGNATHISM Schi*zog"na*thism, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: the condition of having a schizognathous palate.

SCHIZOGNATHOUS Schi*zog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Schize- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the maxillo-palatine bones separate from each other and from the vomer, which is pointed in front, as in the gulls, snipes, grouse, and many other birds.

SCHIZOMYCETES Schiz`o*my*ce"tes, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: An order of Schizophyta, including the so-called fission fungi, or bacteria. See Schizophyta, in the Supplement.

SCHIZONEMERTEA Schiz`o*ne*mer"te*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Schizo-, and Nemertes.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of nemerteans comprising those having a deep slit along each side of the head. See Illust. in Appendix.

SCHIZONT Schi"zont (ski"zont or skiz"ont), n. [Gr. , , p.pr., cleaving.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: In certain Sporozoa, a cell formed by the growth of a sporozoite or merozoite (in a cell or corpuscle of the host) which segment by superficial cleavage, without encystment or conjugation, into merozoites.

SCHIZOPELMOUS Schiz`o*pel"mous, a. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the two flexor tendons of the toes entirely separate, and the flexor hallicus going to the first toe only.

SCHIZOPHYTE Schiz"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Schizo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: One of a class of vegetable organisms, in the classification of Cohn, which includes all of the inferior forms that multiply by fission, whether they contain chlorophyll or not.

SCHIZOPOD Schiz"o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: one of the Schizopoda. Also used adjectively.

SCHIZOPOD; SCHIZOPODOUS Schiz"o*pod, Schi*zop"o*dous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a schizopod, or the Schizopoda.

SCHIZOPODA Schi*zop"o*da, n. pl., Etym: [NL. See Schizo-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of shrimplike Thoracostraca in which each of the thoracic legs has a long fringed upper branch (exopodite) for swimming.

SCHIZORHINAL Schiz`o*rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Schizo- + rhinal.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the nasal bones separate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the anterior nostrils prolonged backward in the form of a slit.

SCHLICH Schlich, n. Etym: [G.; akin to LG. slik mud, D. slijk, MHG. sl.] (Metal.)

Defn: The finer portion of a crushed ore, as of gold, lead, or tin, separated by the water in certain wet processes. [Written also slich, slick.]

SCHMELZE Schmel"ze, n. Etym: [G. schmelz, schmelzglas.]

Defn: A kind of glass of a red or ruby color, made in Bohemia.

SCHNAPPS Schnapps, n. Etym: [G., a dram of spirits.]

Defn: Holland gin. [U.S.]

SCHNEIDERIAN Schnei*de"ri*an (, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Discovered or described by C. V. Schneider, a German anatomist of the seventeenth century. Schneiderian membrane, the mucous membrane which lines the nasal chambers; the pituitary membrane.

SCHNORRER Schnor"rer, n. [Yiddish, fr. G. schnurrer, fr. schnurren to hum, whir, hence, from the sound of the musical instrument used by strolling beggars, to beg.]

Defn: Among the Jews, a beggar.

SCHOHARIE GRIT Scho*har"ie grit`. (Geol.)

Defn: The formation belonging to the middle of the three subdivisions of the Corniferous period in the American Devonian system; — so called from Schoharie, in New York, where it occurs. See the Chart of Geology.

SCHOLAR Schol"ar, n. Etym: [OE. scoler, AS. scolere, fr. L. scholaris belonging to a school, fr. schola a school. See School.]

1. One who attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a learner; a student. I am no breeching scholar in the schools. Shak.

2. One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a learned person; one versed in many branches, of knowledge; a person of high literary or scientific attainments; a savant. Shak. Locke.

3. A man of books. Bacon.

4. In English universities, an undergraduate who belongs to the foundation of a college, and receives support in part from its revenues.

Syn. — Pupil; learner; disciple. — Scholar, Pupil. Scholar refers to the instruction, and pupil to the care and government, of a teacher. A scholar is one who is under instruction; a pupil is one who is under the immediate and personal care of an instructor; hence we speak of a bright scholar, and an obedient pupil.

SCHOLARITY Scho*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [OF. scholarité, or LL. scholaritias.]

Defn: Scholarship. [Obs.] . Jonson.

SCHOLARLIKE Schol"ar*like`, a.

Defn: Scholarly. Bacon.

SCHOLARLY Schol"ar*ly, a.

Defn: Like a scholar, or learned person; showing the qualities of a scholar; as, a scholarly essay or critique. — adv.

Defn: In a scholarly manner.

SCHOLARSHIP Schol"ar*ship, n.

1. The character and qualities of a scholar; attainments in science or literature; erudition; learning. A man of my master's . . . great scholarship. Pope.

2. Literary education. [R.] Any other house of scholarship. Milton.

3. Maintenance for a scholar; a foundation for the support of a student. T. Warton.

Syn. — Learning; erudition; knowledge.

SCHOLASTIC Scho*las"tic, a. Etym: [L. scholasticus, Gr. scholastique, scolastique. See School.]

1. Pertaining to, or suiting, a scholar, a school, or schools; scholarlike; as, scholastic manners or pride; scholastic learning. Sir K. Digby.

2. Of or pertaining to the schoolmen and divines of the Middle Ages (see Schoolman); as, scholastic divinity or theology; scholastic philosophy. Locke.

3. Hence, characterized by excessive subtilty, or needlessly minute subdivisions; pedantic; formal.

SCHOLASTIC Scho*las"tic, n.

1. One who adheres to the method or subtilties of the schools. Milton.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: See the Note under Jesuit.

SCHOLASTICAL Scho*las"tic*al, a. & n.

Defn: Scholastic.

SCHOLASTICALLY Scho*las"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scholastic manner.

SCHOLASTICISM Scho*las"ti*cism, n.

Defn: The method or subtitles the schools of philosophy; scholastic formality; scholastic doctrines or philosophy. The spirit of the old scholasticism . . . spurned laborious investigation and slow induction. J. P. Smith.

SCHOLIA Scho"li*a, n. pl.

Defn: See Scholium.

SCHOLIAST Scho"li*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. scoliate. See Scholium.]

Defn: A maker of scholia; a commentator or annotator. No . . . quotations from Talmudists and scholiasts . . . ever marred the effect of his grave temperate discourses. Macaulay.

SCHOLIASTIC Scho`li*as"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a scholiast, or his pursuits. Swift.

SCHOLIAZE Scho"li*aze, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: To write scholia. [Obs.] Milton.

SCHOLICAL Schol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. scholicus, Gr. School.]

Defn: Scholastic. [Obs.] ales.

SCHOLION Scho"li*on, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A scholium. A judgment which follows immediately from another is sometimes called a corollary, or consectary . . . One which illustrates the science where it appears, but is not an integral part of it, is a scholion. Abp. Thomson (Laws of Thought).

SCHOLIUM Scho"li*um, n.; pl. L. Scholia, E. Scholiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. School.]

1. Marginal anotation; an explanatory remark or comment; specifically, an explanatory comment on the text of a classic author by an early grammarian.

2. A remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration or a train of reasoning.

SCHOLY Scho"ly, n.

Defn: A scholium. [Obs.] Hooker.

SCHOLY Scho"ly, v. i. & t.

Defn: To write scholia; to annotate. [Obs.]

SCHOOL School, n. Etym: [For shool a crowd; prob. confuced with school for learning.]

Defn: A shoal; a multitude; as, a school of fish.

SCHOOL School, n. Etym: [OE. scole, AS. sc, L. schola, Gr. Scheme.]

1. A place for learned intercourse and instruction; an institution for learning; an educational establishment; a place for acquiring knowledge and mental training; as, the school of the prophets. Disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus. Acts xix. 9.

2. A place of primary instruction; an establishment for the instruction of children; as, a primary school; a common school; a grammar school. As he sat in the school at his primer. Chaucer.

3. A session of an institution of instruction. How now, Sir Hugh! No school to-day Shak.

4. One of the seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics, and theology, which were formed in the Middle Ages, and which were characterized by academical disputations and subtilties of reasoning. At Cambridge the philosophy of Descartes was still dominant in the schools. Macaulay.

5. The room or hall in English universities where the examinations for degrees and honors are held.

6. An assemblage of scholars; those who attend upon instruction in a school of any kind; a body of pupils. What is the great community of Christians, but one of the innumerable schools in the vast plan which God has instituted for the education of various intelligences Buckminster.

7. The disciples or followers of a teacher; those who hold a common doctrine, or accept the same teachings; a sect or denomination in philosophy, theology, science, medicine, politics, etc. Let no man be less confident in his faith . . . by reason of any difference in the several schools of Christians. Jer. Taylor.

8. The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age; as, he was a gentleman of the old school. His face pale but striking, though not handsome after the schools. A. S. Hardy.

9. Figuratively, any means of knowledge or discipline; as, the school of experience. Boarding school, Common school, District school, Normal school, etc. See under Boarding, Common, District, etc. — High school, a free public school nearest the rank of a college. [U.S.] — School board, a corporation established by law in every borough or parish in England, and elected by the burgesses or ratepayers, with the duty of providing public school accomodation for all children in their dictrict. — School commitee, School board, an elected commitee of citizens having charge and care of the public schools in any district, town, or city, and responsible control of the money appropriated for school purposes. [U.S.] — School days, the period in which youth are sent to school. — School district, a division of a town or city for establishing and conducting schools. [U.S.] — Sunday school, or Sabbath school, a school held on Sunday for study of the Bible and for religious instruction; the pupils, or the teachers and pupils, of such a school, collectively.

SCHOOL School, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Schooled; p. pr. & vb. n. Schooling.]

1. To train in an institution of learning; to educate at a school; to teach. He's gentle, never schooled, and yet learned. Shak.

2. To tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove; to subject to systematic disciplene; to train. It now remains for you to school your child, And ask why God's Anointed be reviled. Dryden. The mother, while loving her child with the intensity of a sole affection, had schooled herself to hope for little other return than the waywardness of an April breeze. Hawthorne.

SCHOOLBOOK School"book`, n.

Defn: A book used in schools for learning lessons.

SCHOOLBOY School"boy`, n.

Defn: A boy belonging to, or attending, a school.

SCHOOLDAME School"dame`. n.

Defn: A schoolmistress.

SCHOOLERY School"er*y (, n.

Defn: Something taught; precepts; schooling. [Obs.] penser.

SCHOOLFELLOW School"fel`low, n.

Defn: One bred at the same school; an associate in school.

SCHOOLGIRL School"girl`, n.

Defn: A girl belonging to, or attending, a school.

SCHOOLHOUSE School"house`, n.

Defn: A house appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for instruction.

SCHOOLING School"ing, n.

1. Instruction in school; tuition; education in an institution of learning; act of teaching.

2. Discipline; reproof; reprimand; as, he gave his son a good schooling. Sir W. Scott.

3. Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.

SCHOOLING School"ing, a. Etym: [See School a shoal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Collecting or running in schools or shoals. Schooling species like the herring and menhaden. G. B. Goode.

SCHOOLMA'AM School"ma'am, n.

Defn: A schoolmistress. [Colloq.U.S.]

SCHOOLMAID School"maid`, n.

Defn: A schoolgirl. Shak.

SCHOOLMAN School"man`, n.; pl. Schoolmen (.

Defn: One versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity.

Note: The schoolmen were philosophers and divines of the Middle Ages, esp. from the 11th century to the Reformation, who spent much time on points of nice and abstract speculation. They were so called because they taught in the mediæval universities and schools of divinity.

SCHOOLMASTER School"mas`ter, n.

1. The man who presides over and teaches a school; a male teacher of a school. Let the soldier be abroad if he will; he can do nothing in this age. There is another personage abroad, — a person less imposing, — in the eyes of some, perhaps, insignificant. The schoolmaster is abroad; and I trust to him, armed with his primer, against the soldier in full military array. Brougham.

2. One who, or that which, disciplines and directs. The law was our schoolmaster, to bring us into Christ. Gal. iii. 24.

SCHOOLMATE School"mate`, n.

Defn: A pupil who attends the same school as another.

SCHOOLMISTRESS School"mis`tress, n.

Defn: A woman who governs and teaches a school; a female school- teacher.

SCHOOLROOM School"room`, n.

Defn: A room in which pupils are taught.

SCHOOLSHIP School"ship`, n.

Defn: A vessel employed as a nautical training school, in which naval apprentices receive their education at the expense of the state, and are trained for service as sailors. Also, a vessel used as a reform school to which boys are committed by the courts to be disciplined, and instructed as mariners.

SCHOOL-TEACHER School"-teach`er, n.

Defn: One who teaches or instructs a school. — School"-teach`ing, n.

SCHOOLWARD School"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward school. Chaucer.

SCHOONER Schoon"er, n. Etym: [See the Note below. Cf. Shun.] (Naut.)

Defn: Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two topsails on one or both masts and was called a topsail schooner. About 1840, longer vesels with three masts, fore-and-aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vesels with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built. Schooners with more than two masts are designated three-masted schooners, four-masted schooners, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: The fist schooner ever constructed is said to have between built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about theyar 1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have received its name from the following trivial circumstance: When the vessel went off the stocks into the water, a bystander cried out,"O, how she scoons!" Robinson replied, " A scooner let her be;" and, from that time, vessels thus masted and rigged have gone by this name. The word scoon is popularly used in some parts of New England to denote the act of making stones skip along the surface of water. The Scottish scon means the same thing. Both words are probably allied to the Icel. skunda, skynda, to make haste, hurry, AS. scunian to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun. In the New England records, the word appears to have been originally written scooner. Babson, in his "History of Gloucester," gives the following extract from a letter written in that place Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas Prince, the annalist of New England: "This gentleman (Captain Robinson) was first contriver of schooners, and built the first of that sort about eight years since."

SCHOONER Schoon"er, n. Etym: [D.]

Defn: A large goblet or drinking glass, — used for lager beer or ale. [U.S.]

SCHORL Schorl (shôrl), n. Etym: [G. schörl; cf. Sw. skörl.] (Min.)

Defn: Black tourmaline. [Written also shorl.]

SCHORLACEOUS Schor*la"ceous, a.

Defn: Partaking of the nature and character of schorl; resembling schorl.

SCHORLOUS Schorl"ous, a.

Defn: Schorlaceous.

SCHORLY Schorl"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, schorl; as, schorly granite.

SCHOTTISH; SCHOTTISCHE Schot"tish, Schot"tische, (, n. Etym: [F. schottish, schotisch from G. schottisch Scottish, Scotch.]

Defn: A Scotch round dance in 2-4 time, similar to the polka, only slower; also, the music for such a dance; — not to be confounded with the Écossaise.

SCHREIBERSITE Schrei"bers*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Carl von Schreibers, of Vienna.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in steel-gray flexible folia. It contains iron, nickel, and phosphorus, and is found only in meteoric iron.

SCHRODE Schrode, n.

Defn: See Scrod.

SCHWANN'S SHEATH Schwann's" sheath`. Etym: [So called from Theodor Schwann, a German anatomist of the 19th century.] (Anat.)

Defn: The neurilemma.

SCHWANN'S WHITE SUBSTANCE Schwann's white" sub"stance. (Anat.)

Defn: The substance of the medullary sheath.

SCHWANPAN Schwan"pan`, n.

Defn: Chinese abacus.

SCHWEITZERKASE; SCHWEITZERKAESE Schweit"zer*kä"se, n. Etym: [G. schweizerkäse Swiss cheese.]

Defn: Gruyère cheese.

SCHWENKFELDER; SCHWENKFELDIAN Schwenk"feld`er, Schwenk"feld`i*an, n.

Defn: A member of a religious sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld, a Silesian reformer who disagreed with Luther, especially on the deification of the body of Christ.

SCIAENOID Sci*æ"noid, a. Etym: [L. sciæna a kind of fish (fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sciænidæ, a family of marine fishes which includes the meagre, the squeteague, and the kingfish.

SCIAGRAPH Sci"a*graph, n. Etym: [See Sciagraphy.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An old term for a vertical section of a building; — called also sciagraphy. See Vertical section, under Section.

2. (Phys.)

Defn: A radiograph. [Written also skiagraph.]

SCIAGRAPHICAL Sci`a*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sciagraphique, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to sciagraphy. — Sci`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

SCIAGRAPHY Sci*ag"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. sciagraphie.]

1. The art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as they fall in nature. Gwilt.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Siagraph.

SCIAMACHY Sci*am"a*chy, n.

Defn: See Sciomachy.

SCIATHERIC; SCIATHERICAL Sci`a*ther"ic, Sci`a*ther"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Belonging to a sundial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. — Sci`a*ther"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

SCIATIC Sci*at"ic, a. Etym: [F. sciatique, LL. sciaticus, from L. inschiadicus, Gr. Ischiadic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hip; in the region of, or affecting, the hip; ischial; ischiatic; as, the sciatic nerve, sciatic pains.

SCIATIC Sci*at"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sciatique.] (Med.)

Defn: Sciatica.

SCIATICA Sci*at"i*ca, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an affection characterized by paroxysmal attacks of pain in the buttock, back of the thing, or in the leg or foot, following the course of the branches of the sciatic nerve. The name is also popularly applied to various painful affections of the hip and the parts adjoininhg. See Ischiadic passion, under Ischiadic.

SCIATICAL Sci*at"ic*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Sciatic.

SCIATICALLY Sci*at"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With, or by means of, sciatica.

SCIBBOLETH Scib"bo*leth, n.

Defn: Shibboleth. [Obs.]

SCIENCE Sci"ence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis, p.pr. of scire to know. Cf. Conscience, Conscious, Nice.]

1. Knowledge; knowledge of principles and causes; ascertained truth of facts. If we conceive God's or science, before the creation, to be extended to all and every part of the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity on anything to come to pass. Hammond. Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental philosophy. Coleridge.

2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge classified and made available in work, life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge. All this new science that men lere [teach]. Chaucer. Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having, in point of form, the character of logical perfection, and in point of matter, the character of real truth. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and forces of matter, the qualities and function of living tissues, etc.; — called also natural science, and physical science. Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field entirely unexplored in science, poetry, history, philosophy. J. Morley.

4. Any branch or departament of systematized knowledge considered as a distinct field of investigation or object of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or of mind.

Note: The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; — the first three being included in the Trivium, the remaining four in the Quadrivium. Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven, And though no science, fairly worth the seven. Pope.

5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of knowledge of laws and principles. His science, coolness, and great strength. G. A. Lawrence.

Note: Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained, accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes, or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers, causes, or laws, considered apart, or as pure from all applications. Both these terms have a similar and special signification when applied to the science of quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics. Exact science is knowledge so systematized that prediction and verification, by measurement, experiment, observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and physical sciences are called the exact sciences. Comparative sciences, Inductive sciences. See under Comparative, and Inductive.

Syn. — Literature; art; knowledge. — Science, Literature, Art. Science is literally knowledge, but more usually denotes a systematic and orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of knowledge of which the subject-matter is either ultimate principles, or facts as explained by principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not embraced under science, but usually confined to the belles-lettres. [See Literature.] Art is that which depends on practice and skill in performance. "In science, scimus ut sciamus; in art, scimus ut producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be said to be investigations of truth; but one, science, inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art, for the sake of production; and hence science is more concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower; and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive application. And the most perfect state of science, therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry; the perfection of art will be the most apt and efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself into the form of rules." Karslake.

SCIENCE Sci"ence, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct. [R.] Francis.

SCIENT Sci"ent, a. Etym: [L. sciens, -entis, p.pr.]

Defn: Knowing; skillful. [Obs.] Cockeram.

SCIENTER Sci*en"ter, adv. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: Knowingly; willfully. Bouvier.

SCIENTIAL Sci*en"tial, a. Etym: [LL. scientialis, fr. L. scientic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, science. [R.] Milton.

SCIENTIFIC Sci`en*tif"ic, a. Etym: [F. scientifique; L. scientia science + facere to make.]

1. Of or pertaining to science; used in science; as, scientific principles; scientific apparatus; scientific observations.

2. Agreeing with, or depending on, the rules or principles of science; as, a scientific classification; a scientific arrangement of fossils.

3. Having a knowledge of science, or of a science; evincing science or systematic knowledge; as, a scientific chemist; a scientific reasoner; a scientific argument. Bossuet is as scientific in the structure of his sentences. Lander. Scientific method, the method employed in exact science and consisting of: (a) Careful and abundant observation and experiment. (b) generalization of the results into formulated "Laws" and statements.

SCIENTIFICAL Sci`en*tif"ic*al, a.

Defn: Scientific. Locke.

SCIENTIFICALLY Sci`en*tif"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scientific manner; according to the rules or principles of science. It is easier to believe than to be scientifically instructed. Locke.

SCIENTIST Sci"en*tist, n.

Defn: One learned in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted to scientific study; a savant. [Recent]

Note: Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name for the class of men who give their lives to scientific study] which has been slowly finding its way to general adoption; and the word scientist, though scarcely euphonious, has gradually assumed its place in our vocabulary. B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).

SCILICET Scil"i*cet, adv. Etym: [L., fr. scire licet you may know.]

Defn: To wit; namely; videlicet; — often abbreviated to sc., or ss.

SCILLAIN Scil"la*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from squill (Scilla) as a light porous substance.

SCILLITIN Scil"li*tin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scilistine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle extracted from the bulbs of the squill (Scilla), and probably consisting of a complex mixture of several substances.

SCIMITER; SCIMITAR Scim"i*ter , Scim"i*tar, n. Etym: [F. cimeterre, cf. It. scimitarra, Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan cimetarry with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per. shimshir.]

1. A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, — in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [Written also cimeter, and scymetar.]

2. A long-handled billhook. See Billhook. Scimiter pods (Bot.), the immense curved woody pods of a leguminous woody climbing plant (Entada scandens) growing in tropical India and America. They contain hard round flattish seeds two inches in diameter, which are made into boxes.

SCINCOID Scin"coid, a. Etym: [L. scincus a kind of lizard (fr. Gr. -oid. Cf. Skink.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Scincidæ, or skinks. — n.

Defn: A scincoidian.

SCINCOIDEA Scin*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of lizards including the skinks. See Skink.

SCINCOIDIAN Scin*coid"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of lizards of the family Scincidæ or tribe Scincoidea. The tongue is not extensile. The body and tail are covered with overlapping scales, and the toes are margined. See Illust. under Skink.

SCINIPH Scin"iph, n. Etym: [L. scinifes, cinifes, or ciniphes, pl., Gr.

Defn: Some kind of stinging or biting insect, as a flea, a gnat, a sandly, or the like. Ex. viii. 17 (Douay version).

SCINK Scink, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A skink.

SCINK Scink, n.

Defn: A slunk calf. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SCINTILLA Scin*til"la, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A spark; the least particle; an iota; a tittle. R. North.

SCINTILLANT Scin"til*lant, a. Etym: [L. scintillans, p.pr. of scintillare to sparkle. See Scintillate.]

Defn: Emitting sparks, or fine igneous particles; sparkling. M. Green.

SCINTILLATE Scin"til*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scintillated; p. pr. & vb. n. Scintillating.] Etym: [L. scintillare, scintillatum, from scintilla a spark. Cf. Stencil.]

1. To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles. As the electrical globe only scintillates when rubbed against its cushion. Sir W. Scott.

2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars.

SCINTILLATION Scin`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. scintillatio: cf. F. scintillation.]

1. The act of scintillating.

2. A spark of flash emitted in scintillating. These scintillations are . . . the inflammable effluences discharged from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.

SCINTILLOUS Scin"til*lous, a.

Defn: Scintillant. [R.]

SCINTILLOUSLY Scin"til*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scintillant manner. [R.]

SCIOGRAPHY Sci*og"ra*phy, n.

Defn: See Sciagraphy.

SCIOLISM Sci"o*lism, n. Etym: [See Sciolist.]

Defn: The knowledge of a sciolist; superficial knowledge.

SCIOLIST Sci"o*list, n. Etym: [L. sciolus. See Sciolous.]

Defn: One who knows many things superficially; a pretender to science; a smatterer. These passages in that book were enough to humble the presumption of our modern sciolists, if their pride were not as great as their ignorance. Sir W. Temple. A master were lauded and scolists shent. R. Browning.

SCIOLISTIC Sci`o*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sciolism, or a sciolist; partaking of sciolism; resembling a sciolist.

SCIOLOUS Sci"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. scilus, dim. of scius knowing, fr. scire to know. See Science.]

Defn: Knowing superficially or imperfectly. Howell.

SCIOMACHY Sci*om"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. sciomachie, sciamachie.]

Defn: A fighting with a shadow; a mock contest; an imaginary or futile combat. [Written also scimachy.] Cowley.

SCIOMANCY Sci"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. sciomance, scaimancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of shadows.

SCION Sci"on, n. Etym: [OF. cion, F. scion, probably fron scier to saw, fr. L. secare to cut. Cf. Section.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker. (b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for grafting. [Formerly written also cion, and cyon.]

2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a scion of a royal stock.

SCIOPTIC Sci*op"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. scioptique. See Optic.] (Opt.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an optical arrangement for forming images in a darkened room, usually called scioptic ball. Scioptic ball (Opt.), the lens of a camera obscura mounted in a wooden ball which fits a socket in a window shutter so as to be readily turned, like the eye, to different parts of the landscape.

SCIOPTICON Sci*op"ti*con, n. Etym: [NL. See Scioptic.]

Defn: A kind of magic lantorn.

SCIOPTICS Sci*op"tics, n.

Defn: The art or process of exhibiting luminous images, especially those of external objects, in a darkened room, by arrangements of lenses or mirrors.

SCIOPTRIC Sci*op"tric, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Scioptic.

SCIOT Sci"ot, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island Scio (Chio or Chios). — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Scio. [Written also Chiot.]

SCIOTHERIC Sci`o*ther"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. L. sciothericon Sciatheric.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sundial. Sciotheric telescope (Dialing), an instrument consisting of a horizontal dial, with a telescope attached to it, used for determining the time, whether of day or night.

SCIOUS Sci"ous, a. Etym: [L. scius.]