TA Ta, v. t. (continued 10)
Reading edition
1. The highest part of anything; the upper end, edge, or extremity; the upper side or surface; summit; apex; vertex; cover; lid; as, the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain; the top of the ground. The star that bids the shepherd fold, Now the top of heaven doth hold. Milton.
2. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit. The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work. Pope.
3. The highest rank; the most honorable position; the utmost attainable place; as, to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school. And wears upon hisbaby brow the round And top of sovereignty. Shak.
4. The chief person; the most prominent one. Other . . . aspired to be the top of zealots. Milton.
5. The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head. "From top to toe" Spenser. All the stored vengeance of Heaven fall On her ungrateful top ! Shak.
6. The head, or upper part, of a plant. The buds . . . are called heads, or tops, as cabbageheads. I. Watts.
7. (Naut.)
Defn: A platform surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sudes. It serves to spead the topmast rigging, thus strengheningthe mast, and also furnishes a convenient standing place for the men aloft. Totten.
8. (Wool Manuf.)
Defn: A bundle or ball of slivers of comkbed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
9. Eve; verge; point. [R.] "He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine." Knolles.
10. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface. Knight.
11. pl.
Defn: Top-boots. [Slang] Dickens.
Note: Top is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound words, usually self-explaining; as, top stone, or topstone; top- boots, or top boots; top soil, or top-soil. Top and but (Shipbuilding), a phrase used to denote a method of working long tapering planks by bringing the but of one plank to the top of the other to make up a constant breadth in two layers. — Top minnow (Zoöl.), a small viviparous fresh-water fish (Gambusia patruelis) abundant in the Southern United States. Also applied to other similar species.
TOP Top, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Topped; p. pr. & vb. n. Topping.]
1. To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower; as, lofty ridges and topping mountains. Derham.
2. To predominate; as, topping passions. "Influenced by topping uneasiness." Locke.
3. To excel; to rise above others. But write thy, and top. Dryden.
TOP Top, v. t.
1. To cover on the top; to tip; to cap; — chiefly used in the past participle. Like moving mountains topped with snow. Waller. A mount Of alabaster, topped with golden spires. Milton.
2. To rise above; to excel; to outgo; to surpass. Topping all others in boasting. Shak. Edmund the base shall top the legitimate. Shak.
3. To rise to the top of; to go over the top of. But wind about till thou hast topped the hill. Denham.
4. To take off the or upper part of; to crop. Top your rose trees a little with your knife. Evelyn.
5. To perform eminently, or better than before. From endeavoring universally to top their parts, they will go universally beyond them. Jeffrey.
6. (Naut.)
Defn: To raise one end of, as a yard, so that that end becomes higher than the other. To top off, to complete by putting on, or finishing, the top or uppermost part of; as, to top off a stack of hay; hence, to complete; to finish; to adorn.
TOPARCH To"parch, n. Etym: [L. toparcha, Gr.
Defn: The ruler or principal man in a place or country; the governor of a toparchy. The prince and toparch of that country. Fuller.
TOPARCHY To"parch*y, n.; pl. Toparchies. Etym: [L. toparchia, Gr. Toparch.]
Defn: A small state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty country governed by a toparch; as, Judea was formerly divided into ten toparchies. Fuller.
TOP-ARMOR Top"-ar`mor, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A top railing supported by stanchions and equipped with netting.
TOPAU To"pau, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The rhinocerous bird (a).
TOPAZ To"paz, n. Etym: [OE. topas, F. topaze, L. topazos, or topazion, a kind of precious stone, Gr. to`pazos, topa`zion; possibly akin to Skr. tap to glow (cf. Tepid). According to some, the name is from Topazos, a small island in the Red Sea, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns.]
1. (Min.)
Defn: A mineral occurring in rhombic prisms, generally yellowish and pellucid, also colorless, and of greenesh, bluish, or brownish shades. It sometimes occurs massive and opaque. It is a fluosilicate of alumina, and is used as a gem.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Either one of two species of large, brilliantly colored humming birds of the Topaza, of South America and the West Indies.
Note: The two tail feathers next to the central ones are much longer that the rest, curved, and crossed. The Throat is metallic yellowish- green, with a tint like topaz in the center, the belly is bright crimson, the back bright red. Called also topaz hummer. False topaz. (Min.) See the Note under Quartz.
TOPAZOLITE To*paz"o*lite, n. Etym: [Topaz + -lite; cf. F. topazolithe.] (Min.)
Defn: A topaz-yellow variety of garnet.
TOP-BLOCK Top"-block`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A large ironbound block strapped with a hook, and, when used, hung to an eyebolt in the cap, — used in swaying and lowering the topmast. Totten.
TOP-BOOTS Top"-boots, n. pl.
Defn: High boots, having generally a band of some kind of light- colored leather around the upper part of the leg; riding boots.
TOP-CHAIN Top"-chain`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A chain for slinging the lower yards, in time of action, to prevent their falling, if the ropes by which they are hung are shot away.
TOP-CLOTH Top"-cloth, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A piece of canvas used to cover the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action to protect the topmen.
TOPCOAT Top"coat`, n.
Defn: An outer coat; an overcoat.
TOP-DRAIN Top"-drain`, v. t.
Defn: To drain the surface of, as land; as, to top-drain a field or farm.
TOP-DRAINING Top"-drain`ing, n.
Defn: The act or practice of drining the surface of land.
TOP-DRESS Top"-dress`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Top-dressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Top- dressing.]
Defn: To apply a surface dressing of manureto,as land.
TOP-DRESSING Top"-dress`ing, n.
Defn: The act of applying a dressing of manure to the surface of land; also, manure so applied.
TOPE Tope, n. Etym: [Probably from Skr. stpa a tope, astupa, through Prakrin tppo.]
Defn: A moundlike Buddhist sepulcher, or memorial monument. often erected over a Buddhish relic.
TOPE Tope, n. Etym: [Tamil tppu.]
Defn: A grove or clumb of trees; as, a toddy tope. [India] Whitworth.
TOPE Tope, n.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small shark or dogfish (Galeorhinus, or Galeus, galeus), native of Europe, but found also on the coasts of California and Tasmania; — called also toper, oil shark, miller's dog, and penny dog.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The wren. [Prov. Eng.]
TOPE Tope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toped; p. pr. & vb. n. Toping.] Etym: [F. tôper to cover a stake in playing at dice, to accept an offer, tôpe agreed !; — perhaps imitative of the sound of striking hands on concluding a bargain. From being used in English as a drinking term, probably at first in accepting a toast.]
Defn: To drink hard or frequently; to drink strong or spiritous liquors to excess. If you tope in form, and treat. Dryden.
TOPEK To"pek, n. [Eskimo tupek.]
Defn: An ESkimo house made of material other than snow, esp. one having walls of turf, driftwood, rock, or skin, and a roof of skins of the walrus or seal. In Alaska it is often partially underground and covered with timber and turf. Topeks are also used by Indians of the lower Yukon region.
TOPER To"per, n.
Defn: One who topes, or drinks frequently or to excess; a drunkard; a sot.
TOPET Top"et, n. Etym: [F. toupet tuft. See Touper.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
TOP FERMENTATION Top fermentation.
Defn: An alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells are carried to the top of the fermening liquid. It proceeds with some violence and requires a temperature of 14-30º C. (58-86º F.). It is used in the production of ale, porter, etc., and of wines high in alcohol, and in distilling.
TOPFUL Top"ful, a.
Defn: Full to the top, ore brim; brimfull. "Topful of direst cruelty." Shak. [He] was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company. I. Watts.
TOPGALLANT Top`gal"lant, a.
1. (Naut.)
Defn: Situated above the topmast and below the royal mast; designatb, or pertaining to, the third spars in order from the deck; as, the topgallant mast, yards, braces, and the like. See Illustration of Ship.
2. Fig.: Highest; elevated; splendid. "The consciences of topgallant sparks." L'Estrange. Topgallant breeze, a breeze in which the topgallant sails may properly be carried.
TOPGALLANT Top`gal"lant, n.
1. (Naut.)
Defn: A topgallant mast or sail.
2. Fig.: Anything elevated or splendid. Bacon.
TOPH Toph, n. Etym: [L. tophus, tofus, tufa, or tuft. Cf. Tufa, Tofus, Tophus.] (Min.)
Defn: kind of sandstone.
TOPHACEOUS To*pha"ceous, a. Etym: [L. tophaceus, tofaceus.]
Defn: Gritty; sandy; rough; stony.
TOP-HAMPER Top"-ham`per, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The upper rigging, spars, etc., of a ship. [Written also top hamper.] All the ships of the fleet . . . were so encumbered with tophamper, so overweighted in proportion to their draught of water, that they could bear but little canvas, even with smooth seas and light and favorable winds. Motley.
TOP-HEAVY Top"-heav`y, a.
Defn: Having the top or upper part too heavy for the lower part. Sir H. Wotton.
TOPHET To"phet, n. Etym: [Heb. tophet, literally, a place to be spit upon, an abominable place, fr. tph to spit out.]
Defn: A place lying east or southeast of Jerusalem, in the valley of Hinnom. [Written also Topheth.] And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom. 2 Kings xxiii. 10.
Note: It seems to have been at first part of the royal garden, but it was afterwards defiled and polluted by the sacrifices of Baal and the fires of Moloch, and resounded with the cries of burning infants. At a later period, its altars and high places were thrown down, and all the filth of the city poured into it, until it became the abhorrence of Jerusalem, and, in symbol, the place where are wailing and gnashing of teeth. The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of hell. Milton.
TOPHIN Toph"in, n. (Min.)
Defn: Same as Toph.
TOPHUS To"phus, n.; pl. Tophi. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. tophus a mineral concretion in the joint. See Toph.] [Written also tofus.]
1. (Med.)
Defn: One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium.
2. (Min.)
Defn: Calcareous tufa.
TOPI To"pi, n.
Defn: An antelope (Damaliscus corrigum jimela) having a glossy purplish brown coat. It is related to the blesbok and is native of British East Africa. Also, any of various related varieties of other districts south of the Sahara.
TOPIARIAN Top`i*a"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Toplary.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the ornamental cutting and trimming of trees, hedges, etc.; practicing ornamental gardening. [R.] "The topiarian artist." Sir W. Scott. All the pedantries of the topiarian art. C. Kingsley.
TOPIARY Top"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. topiarius belonging to ornamental gardening, fr. topia (sc. opera) ornamental gardening, fr. Gr.
Defn: Of or pertaining to ornamental gardening; produced by cutting, trimming, etc.; topiarian. Topiary work, arbors, shrubbery, hedges, or the like, cut and trimmed into fanciful forms, as of animals, building, etc.
TOPIC Top"ic, n. Etym: [F. topiques, pl., L. topica the title of a work of Aristotle, Gr. topika`, fr. topiko`s of or for place, concerning to`poi, or commonplaces, fr. to`pos a place.] (a) One of the various general forms of argument employed in probable as distinguished from demonstrative reasoning, — denominated by Aristotle to`poi (literally, places), as being the places or sources from which arguments may be derived, or to which they may be referred; also, a prepared form of argument, applicable to a great variety of cases, with a supply of which the ancient rhetoricians and orators provided themselves; a commonplace of argument or oratory. (b) pl.
Defn: A treatise on forms of argument; a system or scheme of forms or commonplaces of argument or oratory; as, the Topics of Aristotle. These topics, or loci, were no other than general ideas applicable to a great many different subjects, which the orator was directed to consult. Blair. In this question by [reason] I do not mean a distinct topic, but a transcendent that runs through all topics. Jer. Taylor.
2. An argument or reason. [Obs.] Contumacious persons, who are not to be fixed by any principles, whom no topics can work upon. Bp. Wilkins.
3. The subject of any distinct portion of a discourse, or argument, or literary composition; also, the general or main subject of the whole; a matter treated of; a subject, as of conversation or of thought; a matter; a point; a head.
4. (Med.)
Defn: An external local application or remedy, as a plaster, a blister, etc. [Obsoles.] Wiseman.
TOPIC Top"ic, a.
Defn: Topical. Drayton. Holland.
TOPICAL Top"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. topique, LL. topicus, Gr. Topic, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to a place; limited; logical application; as, a topical remedy; a topical claim or privilege.
2. (Rhet. & logic)
Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, a topic or topics; according to topics.
3. Resembling a topic, or general maxim; hence, not demonstrative, but merely probable, as an argument. Evidences of fact can be no more than topical and probable. Sir M. Hale.
TOPICALLY Top"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a topical manner; with application to, or limitation of, a particular place or topic.
TOPKNOT Top"knot`, n.
1. A crest or knot of feathers upon the head or top, as of a bird; also, an orgamental knot worn on top of the head, as by women. A great, stout servant girl, with cheeks as red as her topknot. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small Europen flounder (Rhoumbus punctatus). The name is also applied to allied species.
TOPLESS Top"less, a.
Defn: Having no top, or no visble fop; hence, fig.: very lofty; supreme; unequaled. " The topless Apennines." "Topless fortunes." Beau. & Fl.
TOP-LIGHT Top"-light`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A lantern or light on the top of a vessel.
TOPMAN Top"man, n.; pl. Topmem (.
1. See Topsman, 2.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A man stationed in the top.
TOPMAST Top"mast, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The second mast, or that which is next above the lower mast, and below the topgallant mast.
TOPMOST Top"most`, a.
Defn: Highest; uppermost; as, the topmost cliff; the topmost branch of a tree. The nightngale may claim the topmost bough. Cowper.
TOPOGRAPHER To*pog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Cf. F. topographe, Cr.
Defn: One who is skilled in the science of topography; one who describes a particular place, town, city, or tract of land. Dante is the one authorized topographer of the mediæval hell. Milman.
TOPOGRAPHIC; TOPOGRAPHICAL Top`o*graph"ic, a. Top`o*graph"ic*al,Etym: [Cf. F. topographique.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place. — Top`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Topographical map. See under Cadastral. — Topographical surveying. See under Surveying.
TOPOGRAPHIST To*pog"ra*phist, n.
Defn: A topographer.
TOPOGRAPHY To*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [F. topographie, Gr.
Defn: The description of a particular place, town, manor, parish, or tract of land; especially, the exact and scientific delineation and description in minute detail of any place or region.
Note: Topography, as the description of particular places, is distinguished from chorography, the description of a region or a district, and for geography, the description of the earth or of countries. Brande & C.
TOPOLOGY To*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating the thing or subject to be remembered with some place. [R.]
TOPONOMY To*pon"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The designation of position and direction. B. G. Wilder.
TOPONYM Top"o*nym, n.
Defn: A name of a place; more broadly, a name, as in the binomial name of a plant, based on, or derived from, a place name, or based on the location of the thing named.
TOPONYMY To*pon"y*my, n.
Defn: A system of toponyms; the use of toponyms. — To*pon"y*mal (#), Top`o*nym"ic (#), Top`o*nym"ic*al (#), a.
TOPOPHONE Top"o*phone, n. [Gr. place + Gr. sound.]
Defn: A double ear trumpet for estimating the direction from which sounds proceed, esp. for the use of navigators.
TOP OUT Top out. (Building)
Defn: To top off; to finish by putting on a cap of top (uppermost) course (called a top`ping-out" course).
TOPPER Top"per, n.
1. One that tops, in any sense of the verb; specif.: (a) A cover of a top layer or part. [Colloq.] (b) One that excels, surpasses, or is extraordinary of its kind. [Slang] (c) Any device for cutting off tops; as, a turnip topper. (d) One who tops steel ingots. (e) A three-square float (file) used by comb makers.
2. A top hat. [Slang or Colloq.]
3. Tobacco left in the bottom of a pipe bowl; — so called from its being often taken out and placed on top of the newly filled bowl. Also, a cigar stump. [Slang]
TOPPIECE Top"piece`, n.
Defn: A small wig for the top of the head; a toupee.
TOPPING Top"ping, a.
1. Rising above; surpassing.
2. Hence, assuming superiority; proud. The great and flourishing condition of some of the topping sinners of the world. South.
3. Fine; gallant. [Slang] Johnson.
TOPPING Top"ping, n.
1. The act of one who tops; the act of cutting off the top.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: The act of raising one extremity of a spar higher than the other.
3. pl.
Defn: That which comes from hemp in the process of hatcheling. Topping lift (Naut.), a large, strong tackle employed to raise or top the end of a gaff, or of a boom.
TOPPINGLY Top"ping*ly, adv.
Defn: In a topping or proud manner.
TOPPINGLY Top"ping*ly, a.
Defn: Same as Topping, a., 3. [Obs.] "Topping quests." Tusser.
TOPPLE Top"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toppled; p. pr. & vb. n. Toppling.] Etym: [From Top summit.]
Defn: To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down. Though castles topple on their warders' heads. Shak.
TOPPLE Top"ple, v. t.
Defn: To throw down; to overturn. He topple crags from the precipice. Longfellow.
TOP-PROUD Top"-proud`, a.
Defn: Proud to the highest degree. [R.] "This top-proud fellow." Shak.
TOP RAKE Top rake. (Mech.)
Defn: The angle that the front edge of the point of a tool is set back from the normal to the surface being cut.
TOP-ROPE Top"-rope`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A rope used for hoisting and lowering a topmast, and for other purposes.
TOPSAIL Top"sail`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: In a square-rigged vessel, the sail next above the lowermost sail on a mast. This sail is the one most frequently reefed or furled in working the ship. In a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, the sail set upon and above the gaff. See Cutter, Schooner, Sail, and Ship. Topsail schooner. (Naut.) See Schooner, and Illustration in Appendix.
TOPS-AND-BOTTOMS Tops"-and-bot`toms, n. pl.
Defn: Small rolls of dough, baked, cut in halves, and then browned in an oven, — used as food for infants. 'T is said that her top-and-bottoms were gilt. Hood.
TOP-SHAPED Top"-shaped`, a.
Defn: Having the shape of a top; (Bot.) cone-shaped, with the apex downward; turbinate.
TOP-SHELL Top"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine top_shaped shells of the genus Thochus, or family Trochidæ.
TOPSMAN Tops"man, n.; pl. Topsmen (.
1. The chief drover of those who drive a herd of cattle. P. Cyc.
2. The uppermost sawyer in a saw pit; a topman. Simmonds.
TOPSOIL Top"soil`, n.
Defn: The upper layer of soil; surface soil.
TOPSOILING Top"soil`ing, n. (Engin.)
Defn: The act or art of taking off the top soil of land before an excavation or embankment is begun.
TOPSTONE Top"stone`, n.
Defn: A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top.
TOPSY-TURVY Top"sy-*tur"vy, adv. Etym: [Earlier topside-turvey, topsy-tervy; probably for top so turvy; that is, the top as turvy, as it were turvy; where turvy probably means, overturned, fr. AS. torfian to throw.]
Defn: In an inverted posture; with the top or head downward; upside down; as, to turn a carriage topsy-turvy.
TOP-TACKLE Top"-tac`kle, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A tackle used in hoisting and lowering the topmast.
TOP-TIMBERS Top"-tim`bers, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The highest timbers on the side of a vessel, being those above the futtocks. R. H. Dana, Jr.
TOP-TOOL Top"-tool`, n. (Blacksmithing.)
Defn: A tool applied to the top of the work, in distinction from a tool inserted in the anvil and on which the work is placed.
TOQUE Toque, n. Etym: [F. toque; of Celtic origin; cf. W.toc.]
1. A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern fashions; — called also toquet. His velvet toque stuck as airily as ever upon the side of his head. Motley.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A variety of the bonnet monkey.
TOQUET To*quet", n.
Defn: See Toque, 1.
TOR Tor, n. Etym: [AS. torr; cf. Gael. torr. Cf. Tower.]
1. A tower; a turret. [R.] Ray.
2. High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle. [Prov. Eng.] A rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree. C. Kingsley.
TORACE; TORASE To*race", To*rase", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + OE. r to rage.]
Defn: To scratch to pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TORAH; TORA To"rah, To"ra, n.; pl. Toroth (#). [Heb. torah.] (Jewish Lit.) (a) A law; a precept.
A considerable body of priestly Toroth. S. R. Driver.
(b) Divine instruction; revelation.
Tora, . . . before the time of Malachi, is generally used of the revelations of God's will made through the prophets. T. K. Cheyne.
(c) The Pentateuch or "Law of Moses."
The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: (1) The Torah, "Law," or Pentateuch. (2) The Prophets . . . (3) The Kethubim, or the "Writings," generally termed Hagiographa. C. H. H. Wright.
TORAN; TORANA To"ran, To"ra*na, n. [Skr. toransa an arch, a gate.] (Indian Arch.)
Defn: A gateway, commonly of wood, but sometimes of stone, consisting of two upright pillars carrying one to three transverse lintels. It is often minutely carved with symbolic sculpture, and serves as a monumental approach to a Buddhist temple.
TORBERNITE Tor"bern*ite, n. Etym: [So named after Torber Bergmann, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral occurring in emerald-green tabular crystals having a micaceous structure. It is a hydrous phosphate of uranium and copper. Called also copper uranite, and chalcolite.
TORC Torc, n.
Defn: Same as Torque, 1.
TORCH Torch, n. Etym: [OE. torche, F. torche a torch, rag, wisp, pad; probably from a derivative of L. torquere, tortum, to twist, because twisted like a rope; cf. F. torcher to rub, wipe, It. topcia a torch, torciare to wrap, twist, OF. torse a torse. Cf. Torture.]
Defn: A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood; a large candle or flambeau, or a lamp giving a large, flaring flame. They light the nuptial torch. Milton. Torch thistle. (Bot.) See under Thistle.
TORCHBEARER Torch"bear`er, n.
Defn: One whose office it is to carry a torch.
TORCHER Torch"er, n.
Defn: One who gives light with a torch, or as if with a torch. [Obs.] Shak.
TORCHLIGHT Torch"light`, n.
Defn: The light of a torch, or of torches. Also adjectively; as, a torchlight procession.
TORCHON LACE Tor"chon lace` Etym: [F. torchon a kind of coarse napkin.]
Defn: a simple thread lace worked upon a pillow with coarse thread; also, a similar lace made by machinery.
TORCHON PAPER Tor"chon pa"per. [F. papier torchon.]
Defn: Paper with a rough surface; esp., handmade paper of great hardness for the use of painters in water colors.
TORCH RACE Torch race.
Defn: A race by men carrying torches, as in ancient Greece.
TORCHWOOD Torch"wood`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The inflammable wood of certain trees (Amyris balsamifera, A. Floridana, etc.); also, the trees themselves.
TORCHWORT Torch"wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The common mullein, the stalks of which, dipped in suet, anciently served for torches. Called also torch, and hig-taper.
TORE Tore,
Defn: imp. of Tear.
TORE Tore, n. Etym: [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
Defn: The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.
TORE Tore, n. Etym: [See Torus.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: Same as Torus.
2. (Geom.) (a) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane. (b) The solid inclosed by such a surface; — sometimes called an anchor ring.
TOREADOR To"re*a*dor`, n. Etym: [Sp.,fr. torear to fight bulls, fr.L. taurus a bull.]
Defn: A bullfighter.
TO-REND To-rend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. To-rent.] Etym: [Pref. to- + rend.]
Defn: To rend in pieces. [Obs.] The wolf hath many a sheep and lamb to-rent. Chaucer.
TORET Tor"et, n. Etym: [Probably dim. fr. tore, torus.]
Defn: A Turret. [Obs.]
TORET Tor"et, n.
Defn: A ring for fastening a hawk's leash to the jesses; also, a ring affixed to the collar of a dog, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOREUMATOGRAPHY To"reu`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]
Defn: A description of sculpture such as bas-relief in metal.
TOREUMATOLOGY To*reu`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: The art or the description of scupture such as bas-relief in metal; toreumatography.
TOREUTIC To*reu"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Sculp.)
Defn: In relief; pertaining to sculpture in relief, especially of metal; also, pertaining to chasing such as surface ornamentation in metal.
TORGOCH Tor"goch, n.
Defn: The saibling. [Prov. Eng.]
TORILTO To*ril"to, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. torillo a little bull.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A species of Turnix (Turnix sylvatica) native of Spain and Northen Africa.
TORINESE To`rin*ese", a. Etym: [It.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Turin. — n. sing. & pl.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Turin; collectively, the people of Turin.
TORMENT Tor"ment, n. Etym: [OF. torment, F. tourment, fr. L. tormentum an engine for hurling missiles, an instrument of torture, a rack, torture, fr. torquere to turn, to twist, hurl. See Turture.]
1. (Mil. Antiq.)
Defn: An engine for casting stones. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
2. Extreme pain; anguish; torture; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind. Chaucer. The more I see Pleasures about me, so much more I feel Torment within me. Milton.
3. That which gives pain, vexation, or misery. They brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments. Matt. iv. 24.
TORMENT Tor*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. tormented; p. pr. & vb. n. tormenting.] Etym: [OF. tormenter, F. tourmenter.]
1. To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating misery upon, either of body or mind; to torture. " Art thou come hither to torment us before our time " Matt. viii. 29.
2. To pain; to distress; to afflict. Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. Matt. viii. 6.
3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances. [Colloq.]
4. To put into great agitation. [R.] "[They], soaring on main wing, tormented all the air." Milton.
TORMENTER Tor*ment"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, torments; a tormentor.
2. An executioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TORMENTFUL Tor*ment"ful, a.
Defn: Full of torment; causing, or accompainied by, torment; excruciating. [R.] Tillotson.
TORMENTIL Tor"men*til, n. Etym: [F. tormentille; cf. Pr., It., & NL. tormentilla, Sp. tormentila; all fr. L. tormentum pain. So called because it is said to allay pain. See Torment.] (Bot.)
Defn: A rosaceous herb (Potentilla Tormentilla), the root of which is used as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes, or tormina, in diarrhea.
TORMENTING Tor*ment"ing, a.
Defn: Causing torment; as, a tormenting dream. — Tor*ment"ing*ly, adv.
TORMENTISE Tor"ment*ise, n. Etym: [See Torment.]
Defn: Torture; torment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TORMENTOR Tor*ment"or, n.
1. One who, or that which, torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures. Jer. Taylor. Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings. Milton.
2. (Agric.)
Defn: An implement for reducing a stiff soil, resembling a harrow, but running upon wheels. Hebert.
TORMENTRESS Tor*ment"ress, n.
Defn: A woman who torments. Fortune ordinarily cometh after to whip and punish them, as the scourge and tormentress of glory and honor. Holland.
TORMENTRY Tor"ment*ry, n.
Defn: Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TORMINA Tor"mi*na, n. pl. Etym: [L., a griping in the belly.] (Med.)
Defn: acute, colicky pains; gripes.
TORMINOUS Tor"mi*nous, a. (Med.)
Defn: Affected with tormina; griping.
TORN Torn,
Defn: p. p. of Tear.
TORNADO Tor*na"do, n.; pl. Tornadoes. Etym: [From Sp. or Pg. tornar to turn, return, L. tornare to turn, hence, a whirling wind. The Sp. & Pg. tornada is a return. See Turn.]
Defn: A violent whirling wind; specifically (Meteorol.), a tempest distinguished by a rapid whirling and slow progressive motion, usually accompaned with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth; a small cyclone.
TORNARIA Tor*na"ri*a, n.; pl. Tornariæ . Etym: [NL., fr. L. tornare to turn.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The peculiar free swimming larva of Balanoglossus. See Illust. in Append.
TOROSE To*rose", a. Etym: [L. torosus full of muscle, brawny, fleshy. See Torus.]
Defn: Cylindrical with alternate swellings and contractions; having the surface covered with rounded prominences.
TOROSITY To*ros"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being torose.
TOROUS Torous, a.
Defn: Torose.
TORPEDINOUS Tor*ped"i*nous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a torpedo; resembling a torpedo; exerting a benumbing influence; stupefying; dull; torpid. Fishy were his eyes; torpedinous was his manner. De Quincey.
TORPEDO Tor*pe"do, n.; pl. Torpedoes. Etym: [L. torpedo, -inis, from torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid. See Torpid.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical.
Note: The common European torpedo (T. vulgaris) and the American species (T. occidentalis) are the best known.
2. An engine or machine for destroying ships by blowing them up. Specifically: — (a) A quantity of explosives anchored in a channel, beneath the water, or set adrift in a current, and so arranged that they will be exploded when touched by a vessel, or when an electric circuit is closed by an operator on shore. (b) A kind of small submarine boat carrying an explosive charge, and projected from a ship against another ship at a distance, or made self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a distant ship.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by electricity or by stepping on it.
4. (Railroad)
Defn: A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, — used as an alarm signal.
5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to open communication with a source of supply of oil.
6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object. Fish torpedo, a spindle- shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo. — Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy's ship, exploding the torpedo. — Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching, operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy's ship. — Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of the water, as a protection against torpedoes.
TORPEDO Tor*pe"do, v. t.
Defn: to destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London Spectator.
TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER Tor*pe"do-boat` de*stroy"er.
Defn: A larger, swifter, and more powerful armed type of torpedo boat, originally intended principally for the destruction of torpedo boats, but later used also as a more formidable torpedo boat.
TORPEDO BODY Tor*pe"do body.
Defn: An automobile body which is built so that the side surfaces are flush. [Cant]
TORPEDO BOOM Tor*pe"do boom.
Defn: A spar formerly carried by men-of-war, having a torpedo on its end.
TORPEDO CATCHER Tor*pe"do catch"er.
Defn: A small fast vessel for pursuing and destroying torpedo boats.
TORPEDOIST Tor*pe"do*ist, n. (Nav.)
Defn: One skilled in the theory or use of torpedoes; also, one who favors the use of torpedoes.
TORPEDO SHELL Torpedo shell. (Ordnance)
Defn: A shell longer than a deck-piercing shell, with thinner walls and a larger cavity for the bursting charge, which consists of about 130 pounds of high explosive. It has no soft cap, and is intended to effect its damage by the powerful explosion which follows on slight resistance. It is used chiefly in 12-inch mortars.
TORPEDO STATION Torpedo station.
Defn: A headquarters for torpedo vessels and their supplies, usually having facilities for repairs and for instruction and experiments. The principal torpedo station of the United States is at Newport, R.I.
TORPEDO STERN Torpedo stern.
Defn: A broad stern without overhang, flattened on the bottom, used in some torpedo and fast power boats. It prevents settling in the water at high speed.
TORPEDO TUBE Torpedo tube. (Nav.)
Defn: A tube fixed below or near the water line through which a torpedo is fired, usually by a small charge of gunpowder. On torpedo vessels the tubes are on deck and usually in broadside, on larger vessels usually submerged in broadside and fitted with a movable shield which is pushed out from the vessel's side to protect the torpedo until clear, but formerly sometimes in the bow. In submarine torpedo boats they are in the bow.
TORPENT Tor"pent, a. Etym: [L. torpens, p. pr. of torpere to be numb.]
Defn: Having no motion or activity; incapable of motion; benumbed; torpid. [Obs.] Evelyn.
TORPESCENCE Tor*pes"cence, n.
Defn: The quality or state or being torpescent; torpidness; numbness; stupidity.
TORPESCENT Tor*pes"cent, a. Etym: [L. torpescens, p. pr. of torpescere to grow stiff, numb, or torpid, incho. fr. torpere. See Torpid.]
Defn: Becoming torpid or numb. Shenstone.
TORPID Tor"pid, a. Etym: [L. torpidus, fr. torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid; of uncertain origin.]
1. Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; benumbed; as, a torpid limb. Without heat all things would be torpid. Ray.
2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. Sir M. Hale.
TORPIDITY Tor*pid"i*ty, n.
Defn: Same as Torpidness.
TORPIDLY Tor"pid*ly, adv.
Defn: In a torpid manner.
TORPIDNESS Tor"pid*ness, n.
Defn: The qualityy or state of being torpid.
TORPIFY Tor"pi*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torpified; p. pr. & vb. n. Torpifying. (.] Etym: [L. torpere to be torpid + -fy.]
Defn: To make torpid; to numb, or benumb.
TORPITUDE Tor"pi*tude, n.
Defn: Torpidness. [Obs.] "In a kind of torpitude, or sleeping state." Derham.
TORPOR Tor"por, n. Etym: [L., from torpere, to be torpid.]
1. Loss of motion, or of the motion; a state of inactivity with partial or total insensibility; numbness.
2. Dullness; sluggishness; inactivity; as, a torpor of the mental faculties.
TORPORIFIC Tor`por*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. torpor torpor + facere to make.]
Defn: Tending to produce torpor.
TORQUATE Tor"quate, a. Etym: [L. torquatus wearing a collar.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Collared; having a torques, or distinct colored ring around the neck.
TORQUATED tor"qua*ted, a. Etym: [L. Torqyatus.]
Defn: Having or wearing a torque, or neck chain.
TORQUE Torque, n. Etym: [L. torques a twisted neck chain, fr. torquere to twist.]
1. A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons.
2. Etym: [L. torquere to twist.] (Mech.)
Defn: That which tends to produce torsion; a couple of forces. J. Thomson.
3. (Phys. Science)
Defn: A turning or twisting; tendency to turn, or cause to turn, about an axis.
TORQUED Torqued, a. Etym: [L. torquere to twist, to turn, to wind.]
1. Wreathed; twisted. [R.]
2. (Her.)
Defn: Twisted; bent; — said of a dolphin haurient, which forms a figure like the letter S.
TORQUES Tor"ques, n. Etym: [L., a necklace. See Torque, 1.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color or structure; a collar.
TORREFACTION Tor`re*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L.torrefacere,torrefactum, to torrefy: cf. F. torréfaction. See Torrefy.]
Defn: The act or process of torrefying, or the state of being torrefied. Bp. Hall.
TORREFY Tor"re*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torrefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Torrefying.] Etym: [L. torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. torréfier, L. torrefacere.] [Written also torrify.]
1. To dry by a fire. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Metal.)
Defn: To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile ingredients; to roast, as ores.
3. (Pharm.)
Defn: To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are friable, or are reduced to the state desired.
TORRENS SYSTEM Tor"rens sys`tem.
Defn: A system of registration of titles to land (as distinct from registration of deeds) introduced into South Australia by the Real Property (or Torrens) Act (act 15 of 1857-58), drafted by Sir Robert Torrens (1814-84). Its essential feature is the guaranty by the government of properly registered titles. The system has been generally adopted in Australia and British Columbia, and in its original or a modified form in some other countries, including some States of the United States. Hence Torrens title, etc.
TORRENT Tor"rent, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. torrens, -entis, fr. torrens burning, roaring, boiling, p. pr. of torrere to dry by heat, to burn. See Torrid.]
1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice. The roaring torrent is deep and wide. Longfellow.
2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence. At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, . . . Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.
TORRENT Tor"rent, a. Etym: [See Torrent, n.]
Defn: Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. "Waves of torrent fire." Milton.
TORRENTIAL; TORRENTINE Tor*ren"tial, Tor*ren"tine, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a torrent; caused by a torrent . [R.]
TORRICELLIAN Tor`ri*cel"li*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer. Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper, such as is used in the barometer. — Torricellian vacuum (Physics), a vacuum produced by filling with a fluid, as mercury, a tube hermetically closed at one end, and, after immersing the other end in a vessel of the same fluid, allowing the inclosed fluid to descend till it is counterbalanced by the pressure of the atmosphere, as in the barometer. Hutton.
TORRID Tor"rid, a. Etym: [L. torridus, fr. torrere to parch, to burn, akin to E. Thist: cf. F. torride. See Thirst.]
1. Parched; dried with heat; as, a torrid plain or desert. "Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil." Milton.
2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching. "Torrid heat." Milton. Torrid zone (Geog.), that space or board belt of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period of every year, and the heat is always great.
TORRIDITY Tor*rid"i*ty, n.
Defn: Torridness. [R.]
TORRIDNESS Tor"rid*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being torrid or parched.
TORRIL Tor"ril, n.
Defn: A worthless woman; also, a worthless horse. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
TORROCK Tor"rock, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A gull. [Prov. Eng.]
TORSADE Tor*sade", n. [F.]
Defn: A twisted cord; also, a molded or worked ornament of similar form.
The crown decked with torsades of pearls. Harper's Mag.
TORSAL Tor"sal, n. (Carp.)
Defn: A torsel. Knight.
TORSE Torse, n. Etym: [OF., fr. OF. & F. tors, torse, twisted, wreathed, p. p. of tordre to twist, L. torquere. See Torture.]
1. (Her.)
Defn: A wreath.
2. Etym: [F. tors, torse, twisted.] (Geom.)
Defn: A developable surface. See under Developable.
TORSEL Tor"sel, n. (Carp.)
Defn: A plate of timber for the end of a beam or joist to rest on. Gwilt
TORSIBILLTY Tor`si*bil"l*ty, n.
Defn: The tendency, as of a rope, to untwist after being twisted.
TORSION Tor"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. torsio, fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist. See Torture.]
1. The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis, while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.
2. (Mech.)
Defn: That force with which a thread, wire, or rod of any material, returns, or tends to return, to a state of rest after it has been twisted; torsibility. Angle of torsion (of a curve) (Geom.), the indefinitely small angle between two consecutive osculating planes of a curve of double curvature. — Moment of torsion (Mech.) the moment of a pair of equal and opposite couples which tend to twist a body. — Torsion balance (Physics.), an instrument for estimating very minute forces, as electric or magnetic attractions and repulsions, by the torsion of a very slender wire or fiber having at its lower extremity a horizontal bar or needle, upon which the forces act. — Torsion scale, a scale for weighing in which the fulcra of the levers or beams are strained wires or strips acting by torsion.
TORSIONAL Tor"sion*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to torsion; resulting from torsion, or the force with which a thread or wire returns to a state of rest after having been twisted round its axis; as, torsional force.
TORSION ELECTROMETER Tor"sion e*lec*trom"e*ter. (Elec.)
Defn: A torsion balance used for measuring electric attraction or repulsion.
TORSION GALVANOMETER Torsion galvanometer. (Elec.)
Defn: A galvanometer in which current is measured by torsion.
TORSION HEAD Torsion head.
Defn: That part of a torsion balance from which the wire or filament is suspended.
TORSION INDICATOR Torsion indicator.
Defn: An autographic torsion meter.
TORSION METER Torsion meter. (Mech.)
Defn: An instrument for determining the torque on a shaft, and hence the horse power of an engine, esp. of a marine engine of high power, by measuring the amount of twist of a given length of the shaft. Called also torsimeter, torsiometer, torsometer.
TORSK Torsk, n. Etym: [Dan.; akin to Icel. þorskr a codfish, G. dorsch.] (Zoöl.) (a) The cusk. See Cusk. (b) The codfish. Called also tusk.
TORSO Tor"so, n.; pl. E. Torsos, It. Torsi. Etym: [It. torso, probably fr. L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, thyrsus, Gr. torso, turso, a stalk, stem, G. dorsche a cabbage stalk. Cf. Thyrsus, Truss.]
Defn: The human body, as distinguished from the head and limbs; in sculpture, the trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as, the torso of Hercules.
TORT Tort, n. Etym: [F., from LL. tortum, fr. L. tortus twisted, crooked, p. p. of torqure to twist, bend. See Torture.]
1. Mischief; injury; calamity. [Obs.] That had them long opprest with tort. Spenser.
2. (Law)
Defn: Any civil wrong or injury; a wrongful act (not involving a breach of contract) for which an action will lie; a form of action, in some parts of the United States, for a wrong or injury. Executor de son tort. See under Executor. — Tort feasor (Law), a wrongdoer; a trespasser. Wharton.
TORT Tort, a.
Defn: Stretched tight; taut. [R.] Yet holds he them with tortestrein. Emerson.
TORTA Tor"ta, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. torta a cake.] (Metal.)
Defn: a flat heap of moist, crushed silver ore, prepared for the patio process.
TORTEAU Tor"teau, n.; pl. Torteaus Etym: [Of. torteau, tortel, from L.tortus twisted. See Tort.] (Her.)
Defn: A roundel of a red color.
TORTICOLLIS Tor`ti*col"lis, n. Etym: [F. toricolis; L. torquere, tortum, to twist + collum the neck.] (Med.)
Defn: See Wryneck.
TORTILE Tor"tile, a. Etym: [L. tortilis, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortile.]
Defn: Twisted; wreathed; coiled.
TORTILITY Tor*til"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being tortile, twisted, or wreathed.
TORTILLA Tor*til"la, n. Etym: [Sp.]
Defn: An unleavened cake, as of maize flour, baked on a heated iron or stone.
TORTION Tor"tion, n. Etym: [LL. tortio. See Torsion.]
Defn: Torment; pain. [Obs.] Bacon.
TORTIOUS Tor"tious, a. Etym: [From Tort.]
1. Injurious; wrongful. [Obs.] "Tortious power." Spenser.
2. (Law)
Defn: Imploying tort, or privat injury for which the law gives damages; involing tort.
TORTIOUSLY Tor"tious*ly, adv. (Law)
Defn: In a tortous manner.
TORTIVE Tor"tive, a. Etym: [L. tortus, p.p. of torquere to twist, wind.]
Defn: Twisted; wreathed. Shak.
TORTOISE Tor"toise, n. Etym: [OE. tortuce, fr. OF. tortis crooked, fr. L. tortus isted, crooked, contorted, p.p. of torquere, tortum, to wind; cf. F. tortue tortoise, LL. tortuca, tartuca, Pr. tortesa crookedness, tortis crooked. so called in allusion to its crooked feet. See Torture.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order Testudinata.
Note: The term is applied especially to the land and fresh-water species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers. see Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle.
2. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: Same as Testudo, 2. Box tortoise, Land tortoise, etc. See under Box, Land, etc. — Painted tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Painted turtle, under Painted. — Soft-shell tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Trionyx. — Spotted tortoise. (Zoöl.) A small American fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus, or Nanemys, quttatus) having a blackish carapace on which are scattered round yellow spots. — Tortoise beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small tortoise-shaped beetles. Many of them have a brilliant metallic luster. the larvæ feed upon the leaves of various plants, and protect themselves beneath a mass of dried excrement held over the back by means of the caudal spines. The golden tortoise beetle (Cassida aurichalcea) is found on the morning-glory vine and allied plants. — Tortoise plant. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot, under Elephant. — Tortoise shell, the substance of the shell or horny plates of several species of sea turtles, especially of the hawkbill turtle. It is used in inlaying and in the manufacture of various ornamental articles. — Tortoise-shell butterfly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of handsomely colored butterflies of the genus Aglais, as A. Milberti, and A. urticæ, both of which, in the larva state, feed upon nettles. — Tortoise-shell turtle (Zoöl.), the hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.
Defn: having a color like that aof a toroise's shell, black with white and orange spots; — used mostly to describe cats of that color. n.
Defn: a tortoise-shell cat.
TORTRICID Tor"tri*cid, a. Etym: [See Tortrix.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to Tortix, or the family Tortricidæ.
TORTRIX Tor"trix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of small moths of the family Tortricidæ, the larvæ of which usually roll up the leaves of plants on which they live; — also called leaf roller.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of tropical short-tailed snakes, which are not venomous. One species (Tortrix scytalæ) is handsomely banded with black, and is sometimes worn alive by the natives of Brazil for a necklace.
TORTULOUS Tor"tu*lous, a. (Nat. Hist.)
Defn: Swelled out at intervals like a knotted cord.
TORTUOSE Tor"tu*ose`, a. Etym: [See Tortuous.]
Defn: Wreathed; twisted; winding. Loudon
TORTUOSLTY Tor`tu*os"l*ty, n. Etym: [L.tortuositas: cf. F.tortuosite.]
Defn: the quality or state of being tortuous.
TORTUOUS Tor"tu*ous, a. Etym: [OE. tortuos, L.tortuosus, fr.tortus a twisting, winding, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortueux. See Torture.]
1. Bent in different directions; wreathed; twisted; winding; as, a tortuous train; a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corolla. The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick. Macaulay.
2. Fig.: Deviating from rectitude; indirect; erroneous; deceitful. That course became somewhat lesstortuous, when the battle of the Boyne had cowed the spirit of the Jakobites. Macaulay.
3. Injurious: tortious. [Obs.]
4. (Astrol.)
Defn: Oblique; — applied to the six signs of the zodiac (from Capricorn to Gemini) which ascend most rapidly and obliquely. [Obs.] Skeat. Infortunate ascendent tortuous. Chaucer. —Tor"tu*ous*ly, adv. — Tor"tu*ous*ness, n.
TORTURABLE Tor"tur*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being tortured.
TORTURE Tor"ture, n. Etym: [F.,fr.L. tortura, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist, rack, torture; probably akin to Gr. tre`pein to turn, G. drechsein to turn on a lathe, and perhaps to E. queer. Cf. Contort, Distort, Extort, Retort, Tart, n., Torch, Torment, Tortion, Tort, Trope.]
1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment; as, torture of mind. Shak. Ghastly spasm or racking torture. Milton.
2. Especially, severe pain inflicted judicially, either as punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person, as by water or fire, by the boot or thumbkin, or by the rack or wheel.
3. The act or process of torturing. Torture, whitch had always been deciared illegal, and which had recently been declared illegal even by the servile judges of that age, was inflicted for the last time in England in the month of May, 1640. Macaulay.
TORTURE Tor"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tortured (; p. pr. & vb. n. Torturing.] Etym: [Cf. F. Torturer. ]
1. To put to torture; to pain extremely; to harass; to vex.
2. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an accused person. Shak.
3. To wrest from the proper meaning; to distort. Jar. Taylor.
4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Obs.] The bow tortureth the string. Bacon.
TORTURER Tor"tur*er, n.
Defn: One who tortures; a tormentor.
TORTURINGLY Tor"tur*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: So as to torture. Beau. & Fl.
TORTUROUS Tor"tur*ous, a.
Defn: Involving, or pertaining to, torture. [R.] "The torturous crucifixion." I. Disraeli.
TORULA Tor"u*la, n.; pl. Torulæ ( Etym: [NL., dim. of L. torus a semicircular molding.] (Biol.) (a) A chain of special bacteria. (b) A genus of budding fungi. Same as Saccharomyces. Also used adjectively.
TORULAFORM Tor"u*la*form`, a. (Biol.)
Defn: Having the appearance of a torula; in the form of a little chain; as, a torulaform string of micrococci.
TORULOSE Tor"u*lose, a. Etym: [L. torulus, dim. of torus: cf. F. toruleux. See Torus] (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Torose.
TORULOUS Tor"u*lous, a.
Defn: Same as Torose.
TORUS To"rus, n.; pl. Tori. Etym: [L., a round, swelling, or bulging place, an elevation. Cf. 3d Tore.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. See Illust. of Molding. Brande&C.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under Tubicolæ.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels stand.
4. (Geom.)
Defn: See 3d Tore, 2.
TORVED Torved, a.
Defn: Stern; grim. See Torvous. [Obs.] But yesterday his breath Awed Rome, and his least torved frown was death. J. Webster (1654).
TORVITY Tor"vi*ty, a. Etym: [L. torvitas. See Torvous.]
Defn: Sourness or severity of countenance; sterness. [Obs.]
TORVOUS Tor"vous, a. Etym: [L. torvus. ]
Defn: Sour of aspect; of a severe countenance; stern; grim. [Obs.] That torvous, sour look produced by anger. Derham.
TORY To"ry, n.; pl. Tories. Etym: [ Properly used of the Irish bogtrotters who robbed and plundered during the English civil wars, professing to be in sympathy with the royal cause; hence transferred to those who sought to maintain the extreme prerogatives of the crown; probably from Ir. toiridhe, tor, a pursuer; akin to Ir. & Gael. toir a pursuit.]
1. (Eng.Politics)
Defn: A member of the conservative party, as opposed to the progressive party which was formerly called the Whig, and is now called the Liberal, party; an earnest supporter of exsisting royal and ecclesiastical authority.
Note: The word Tory first occurs in English history in 1679, during the struggle in Parliament occasioned by the introduction of the bill for the exclusion of the duke of York from the line of succession, and was applied by the advocates of the bill to its opponents as a title of obloquy or contempt. The Tories subsequently took a broader ground, and their leading principle became the maintenance of things as they were. The name, however, has for several years ceased to designate an existing party, but is rather applied to certain traditional maxims of public policy. The political successors of the Tories are now commonly known as Conservatives. New Am. Cyc.
2. (Amer. Hist.)
Defn: One who, in the time of the Revolution, favored submitting tothe claims of Great Britain against the colonies; an adherent tothe crown.
TORY To"ry, a.
Defn: Of ro pertaining to the Tories.
TORYISM To"ry*ism, n.
Defn: The principles of the Tories.
TOSCATTER To*scat"ter, v. t. Etym: [Pref.to- + scatter.]
Defn: To scatter in pieces; to divide. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOSE Tose, v. t. Etym: [ See Touse ]
Defn: To tease, or comb, as wool. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.]
TOSH Tosh, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. tonce shorn, clipped, and E. tonsure.]
Defn: Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson.
TOSHRED To*shred", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + shred. ]
Defn: To cut into shreads or pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOSS Toss
Defn: , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tossed (; (less properly Tost ); p. pr. & vb. n. Tossing.] Etym: [ W. tosiaw, tosio, to jerk, toss, snatch, tosa quick jerk, a toss, a snatch. ]
1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball.
2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head. He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me, He would not stay. Addison.
3. To cause to rise and fall; as, a ship tossed on the waves in a storm. We being exceedingly tossed with a tempeat. Act xxvii. 18.
4. To agitate; to make restless. Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent. Milton.
5. Hence, to try; to harass. Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men. Herbert.
6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham. To toss off, to drink hastily. — To toss the cars.See under Oar, n.
TOSS Toss, v. i.
1. To roll and tumble; to be in violent commotion; to write; to fling. To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enreges our pain. Tillotson.
2. To be tossed, as a fleet on the ocean. Shak. To toss for, to throw dice or a coin to determine the possession of; to gamble for. — To toss up, to throw a coin into the air, and wager on which side it will fall, or determine a question by its fall. Bramsion.
TOSS Toss, n.
1. A throwing upward, or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as, the toss of a ball.
2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. Swift.
TOSSEL Tos"sel, n.
Defn: See Tassel.
TOSSER Toss"er, n.
Defn: Ohe who tosser. J. Fletcher.
TOSSILY Toss"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a tossy manner. [R.]
TOSSING Toss"ing, n.
1. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling.
2. (Mining) (a) A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; — called also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall. Pryce. (b) A process for refining tin by dropping it through the air while melted.
TOSSPOT Toss"pot`, n.
Defn: A toper; one habitually given to strong drink; a drunkard. Shak.
TOSSY Toss"y, a.
Defn: Tossing the head, as in scorn or pride; hence, proud; contemptuous; scornful; affectedly indifferent; as, a tossy commonplace. [R.] C. Kingsley.
TOST Tost,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Toss.
TOSTO Tos"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: Quick; rapid. Pui tosto ( Etym: [It.] (Mus.), faster; more rapid.
TOSWINK To*swink", v. i. Etym: [Pref. to- + swink.]
Defn: To labor excessively. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOT Tot, n. Etym: [Cf. Toddle, Tottle, Totter.]
1. Anything small; — frequently applied as a term of endearment to a little child.
2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.
3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
TOTA To"ta, n. Etym: [From the native name in Egypt.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The grivet.
TOTAL To"tal, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL. totalis, fr. L. tolus all,whole. Cf. Factotum, Surtout, Teetotum.]
Defn: Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as, a total departure from the evidence; a total loss. " Total darkness." "To undergo myself the total crime." Milton. Total abstinence. See Abstinence, n., 1. — Total depravity. (Theol.) See Original sin, under Original.
Syn: Whole; entire; complete. See Whole.
TOTAL To"tal, n.
Defn: The whole; the whole sum or amount; as, these sums added make the grand total of five millions.
TOTALIS To"tal*is, n. [See Total, a.]
Defn: The total.
I look on nothing but totalis. B. Jonson.
TOTALISATOR To"tal*i*sa`tor, n.
Defn: Same as Totalizator.
TOTALITY To*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. totalite, LL. totalitas.]
1. The quality or state of being total; as, the totality of an eclipse.
2. The whole sum; the whole quantity or amount; the entirety; as, the totalityof human knowledge. Buckle. The totality of a sentence or passage. Coleridge.
TOTALIZATION To`tal*i*za"tion, n.
Defn: Act of totalizing, or state of being totalized.
TOTALIZATOR To"tal*i*za`tor, n. [From Totalize: cf. F. totalisateur.]
Defn: A machine for registering and indicating the number and nature of bets made on horse races, as in Australia and South Africa. Called also totalizer.
TOTALIZE To"tal*ize, v. t.
Defn: To make total, or complete;to reduce to completeness. Coleridge.
TOTALIZER To"tal*i`zer, n.
Defn: Same as Totalizator.
TOTALLY To"tal*ly, adv.
Defn: In a total manner; wholly; entirely.
TOTALNESS To"tal*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being total; entireness; totality.
TOTARA To"ta*ra, n. [Maori.]
Defn: A coniferous tree (Podocarpus totara), next to the kauri the most valuable timber tree of New Zeland. Its hard reddish wood is used for furniture and building, esp. in wharves, bridges, etc. Also mahogany pine.
TOTE Tote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toting.] Etym: [Said to be of African origin.]
Defn: To carry or bear; as, to tote a child over a stream; — a colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes.
TOTE Tote, n. Etym: [L. totum, fr.totus all, whole.]
Defn: The entire body, or all; as, the whole tote. [Colloq.]
TOTEAR To*tear", v. t. Etym: [Pref. to- + tear. ]
Defn: To tear or rend in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOTEM To"tem, n. Etym: [Massachusetts Indian wutohtimoin that to which a person or place belongs.]
Defn: A rude picture, as of a bird, beast, or the like, used by the Nord American Indians as a symbolic designation, as of a family or a clan. And they painted on the grave posts Of the graves, yet unforgotten, Each his own ancestral totem Each the symbol of his household; Figures of the bear and reindeer, Of the turtle, crane, and beaver. Longfellow. The totem,the clan deity, the beast or bird who in some supernatural way attends tothe clan and watches over it. Bagehot.
TOTEMIC To*tem"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a totem, or totemism.
TOTEMISM To"tem*ism, n.
1. The system of distinguishing families, clans, etc., in a tribe by the totem.
2. Superstitious regard for a totem; the worship of any real or imaginary object; nature worship. Tylor.
TOTEMIST To"tem*ist, n.
Defn: One belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem. — To`tem*is"tic, a.
TOTEM POLE; TOTEM POST To"tem pole or post.
Defn: A pole or pillar, carved and painted with a series of totemic symbols, set up before the house of certain Indian tribes of the northwest coast of North America, esp. Indians of the Koluschan stock.
TOTER Tot"er, n. Etym: [See Tote to carry.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The stone roller. See Stone roller (a), under Stone.
T'OTHER T'oth"er.
Defn: A colloquial contraction of the other, and formerly a contraction for that other. See the Note under That, 2. The tothir that was crucifield with him. Wyclif(John xix. 32)
TOTIPALMATE To`ti*pal"mate, a. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E.palmate.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having all four toes united by a web;-said of certain sea birds, as the pelican and the gannet. See Illust. under Aves.
TOTIPALMI To`ti*pal"mi, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,from L. totus all, whole + palmus palm.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of swimming birds including those that have totipalmate feet.
TOTIPRESENCE To`ti*pres"ence, n. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E.presence.]
Defn: Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.
TOTIPRESENT To`ti*pres"ent, a. Etym: [L. totus all, whole + E. present.]
Defn: Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.
TOTTER Tot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottered; p. pr. & vb. n. Tottering.] Etym: [Probably for older tolter; cf. AS. tealtrian to totter, vacillate. Cf.Tilt to incline, Toddle, Tottle, Totty.]
1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady; to stagger; as,an old man totters with age. "As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence." Ps. lxii. 3.
2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver. Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall. Dryden.
TOTTERER Tot"ter*er, n.
Defn: One who totters.
TOTTERINGLY Tot"ter*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a tottering manner.
TOTTERY Tot"ter*y, a.
Defn: Trembling or vaccilating, as if about to fall; unsteady; shaking. Johnson.
TOTTLE Tot"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tottling.] Etym: [See Toddle, Totter.]
Defn: To walk in a wavering, unsteady manner; to toddle; to topple. [Colloq.]
TOTTLISH Tot"tlish, a.
Defn: Trembling or tottering, as if about to fall; un steady. [Colloq. U.S.]
TOTTY Tot"ty, a. Etym: [OE. toti. Cf. Totter.]
Defn: Unsteady; dizzy; tottery. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Scott. For yet his noule [head] was totty of the must. Spenser.
TOTY Tot"y, a.
Defn: Totty. [Obs.] My head is totty of my swink to-night. Chaucer.
TOTY To"ty, n.
Defn: A sailor or fisherman;-so called in some parts of the Pacific.
TOUCAN Tou"can, n. Etym: [F., fr. Pg. tucano; from Brazilian name. ]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of fruit-eating birds of tropical America belonging to Ramphastos, Pteroglossus, and allied genera of the family Ramphastidæ. They have a very large, but light and thin, beak, often nearly as long as the body itself. Most of the species are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, white, and black in striking contrast.
2. (Astronom.)
Defn: A modern constellation of the southern hemisphere.
TOUCANET Tou"can*et, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small toucan.
TOUCH Touch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Touched; p. pr. & vb. n. Touching.] Etym: [F. toucher, OF. touchier, tuchier; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. zucchen, zukken, to twitch, pluck, draw, G. zukken, zukken, v. intens. fr. OHG. ziohan to draw, G. ziehen, akin to E. tug. See Tuck, v. t., Tug, and cf. Tocsin, Toccata.]
1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike lightly against; to extend the hand, foot, or the like, so as to reach or rest on. Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly. Milton.
2. To perceive by the sense of feeling. Nothing but body can be touched or touch. Greech.
3. To come to; to reach; to attain to. The god, vindictive, doomed them never more-Ah, men unblessed! — to touch their natal shore. Pope.
4. To try; to prove, as with a touchstone. [Obs.] Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed. Shak.
5. To relate to; to concern; to affect. The quarrel toucheth none but us alone. Shak.
6. To handle, speak of, or deal with; to treat of. Storial thing that toucheth gentilesse. Chaucer.
7. To meddle or interfere with; as, I have not touched the books. Pope.
8. To affect the senses or the sensibility of; to move; to melt; to soften. What of sweet before Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this and harsh. Milton. The tender sire was touched with what he said. Addison.
9. To mark or delineate with touches; to add a slight stroke to with the pencil or brush. The lines, though touched but faintly, are drawn right. Pope.
10. To infect; to affect slightly. Bacon.
11. To make an impression on; to have effect upon. Its face . . . so hard that a file will not touch it. Moxon.
12. To strike; to manipulate; to play on; as, to touch an instrument of music. [They] touched their golden harps. Milton.
13. To perform, as a tune; to play. A person is the royal retinue touched a light and lively air on the flageolet. Sir W. Scott.
14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly. " No decree of mine, . . . [to] touch with lightest moment of impulse his free will," Milton.
15. To harm, afflict, or distress. Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee. Gen. xxvi. 28, 29.
16. To affect with insanity, especially in a slight degree; to make partially insane; — rarely used except in the past participle. She feared his head was a little touched. Ld. Lytton.
17. (Geom.)
Defn: To be tangent to. See Tangent, a.
18. To lay a hand upon for curing disease. To touch a sail (Naut.), to bring it so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. — To touch the wind (Naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. — To touch up, to repair; to improve by touches or emendation.
TOUCH Touch, v. i.
1. To be in contact; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between; as, two spheres touch only at points. Johnson.
2. To fasten; to take effect; to make impression. [R.] Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold, that will not touch upon silver. Bacon.
3. To treat anything in discourse, especially in a slight or casual manner; — often with on or upon. If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they immediately quitted it. Addison.
4. (Naut)
Defn: To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. To touch and go (Naut.), to touch bottom lightly and without damage, as a vessel in motion. — To touch at, to come or go to, without tarrying; as, the ship touched at Lisbon. — To touch on or upon, to come or go to for a short time. [R.] I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the several towns that lie on its coasts. Addison.
TOUCH Touch, n. Etym: [Cf. F. touche. See Touch, v. ]
1. The act of touching, or the state of being touched; contact. Their touch affrights me as a serpent's sting. Shak.
2. (Physiol.)
Defn: The sense by which pressure or traction exerted on the skin is recognized; the sense by which the properties of bodies are determined by contact; the tactile sense. See Tactile sense, under Tactile. The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine. Pope.
Note: Pure tactile feelings are necessarily rare, since temperature sensations and muscular sensations are more or less combined with them. The organs of touch are found chiefly in the epidermis of the skin and certain underlying nervous structures.
3. Act or power of exciting emotion. Not alone The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches, Do strongly speak to us. Shak.
4. An emotion or affection. A true, natural, and a sensible touch of mercy. Hooker.
5. Personal reference or application. [Obs.] Speech of touch toward others should be sparingly used. Bacon.
6. A stroke; as, a touch of raillery; a satiric touch; hence, animadversion; censure; reproof. I never bare any touch of conscience with greater regret. Eikon Basilike.
7. A single stroke on a drawing or a picture. Never give the least touch with your pencil till you have well examined your design. Dryden.
8. Feature; lineament; trait. Of many faces, eyes, and hearts, To have the touches dearest prized. Shak.
9. The act of the hand on a musical instrument; bence, in the plural, musical notes. Soft stillness and the night Become the touches of sweet harmony. Shak.
10. A small quantity intermixed; a little; a dash. Eyes La touch of Sir Peter Lely in them. Hazlitt. Madam, I have a touch of your condition. Shak.
11. A hint; a suggestion; slight notice. A small touch will put him in mind of them. Bacon.
12. A slight and brief essay. [Colloq.] Print my preface in such form as, in the booksellers' phrase, will make a sixpenny touch. Swift.
13. A touchstone; hence, stone of the sort used for touchstone. [Obs.] " Now do I play the touch." Shak. A neat new monument of touch and alabaster. Fuller.
14. Hence, examination or trial by some decisive standard; test; proof; tried quality. Equity, the true touch of all laws. Carew. Friends of noble touch . Shak.
15. (Mus.)
Defn: The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as, a heavy touch, or a light touch, also, the manner of touching, striking, or pressing the keys of a piano; as, a legato touch; a staccato touch.
16. (Shipbilding)
Defn: The broadest part of a plank worked top and but (see Top and but, under Top, n.), or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters. J. Knowles.
17. (Football)
Defn: That part of the field which is beyond the line of flags on either side. Encyc. of Rural Sports.
18. A boys' game; tag. In touch (Football), outside of bounds. T. Hughes. — To be in touch, to be in contact, or in sympathy. — To keep touch. (a) To be true or punctual to a promise or engagement [Obs.]; hence, to fulfill duly a function. My mind and senses keep touch and time. Sir W. Scott. (b) To keep in contact; to maintain connection or sympathy;-with with or of. — Touch and go, a phrase descriptive of a narrow escape. — True as touch (i.e., touchstone), quite true. [Obs.]
TOUCHABLE Touch"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being touched; tangible. — Touch"a*ble*ness, n.
TOUCHBACK Touch"back`, n. (G)
Defn: The act of touching the football down by a player behind his own goal line when it received its last impulse from an opponent; — distinguished from safety touchdown.
TOUCH-BOX Touch"-box`, n.
Defn: A box containing lighted tinder, formerly carried by soldiers who used matchlocks, to kindle the match.
TOUCHDOWN Touch"down`, n. (Football)
Defn: The act of touching the football down behind the opponents' goal . Safety touchdown. See under Safety.
TOUCHHOLE Touch"hole`, n.
Defn: The vent of a cannot or other firearm, by which fire is communicateed to the powder of the charge.
TOUCHILY Touch"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a touchy manner.
TOUCHINESS Touch"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being touchy peevishness; irritability; irascibility.
TOUCHING Touch"ing, a.
Defn: Affecting; moving; pathetic; as, a touching tale. — Touch"ing*ly, adv.
TOUCHING Touch"ing, prep.
Defn: Concerning; with respect to. Now, as touching things offered unto idols. 1 Cor. viii. 1.
TOUCHING Touch"ing, n.
Defn: The sense or act of feeling; touch.
TOUCH-ME-NOT Touch"-me-not`, n. (Bot.) (a) See Impatiens. (b) Squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.
TOUCH-NEEDLE Touch"-nee`dle, n. (Metal.)
Defn: A small bar of gold and silver, either pure, or alloyed in some known proportion with copper, for trying the purity of articles of gold or silver by comparison of the streaks made by the article and the bar on a touchstone.
TOUCH-PAPER Touch"-pa`per, n.
Defn: Paper steeped in saltpeter, which burns slowly, and is used as a match for firing gunpowder, and the like.
TOUCHSTONE Touch"stone`, n.
1. (Min.)
Defn: Lydian stone; basanite; — so called because used to test the purity of gold and silver by the streak which is left upon the stone when it is rubbed by the metal. See Basanite.
2. Fig.:
Defn: Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. Hooker. The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits. South. Irish touchstone (Min.), basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's Causeway.
TOUCHWOOD Touch"wood`, n. Etym: [Probably for tachwood; OE. tache tinder (of uncertain origin) + wood.]
1. Wood so decayed as to serve for tinder; spunk, or punk.
2. Dried fungi used as tinder; especially, the Polyporus igniarius.
TOUCHY Touch"y, a. Etym: [For techy, tetchy.]
Defn: Peevish; irritable; irascible; techy; apt to take fire. [Colloq.] It may be said of Dryden that he was at no time touchy about personal attacks. Saintsbury.
TOUGH Tough, a. [Compar. Tougher; superl. Toughest.] Etym: [OE. tough, AS. toh, akin to D. taai, LG. taa, tage, tau, OHG. zahi, G. zähe, and also to AS. getenge near to, close to, oppressive, OS. bitengi.]
1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as, the ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. "Tough roots and stubs. " Milton.
2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as, tough sinews. Cowper. A body made of brass, the crone demands, . . . Tough to the last, and with no toil to tire. Dryden. The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity of purpose. J. A. Symonds.
3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as, tough phlegm.
4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as, a tough bow. So tough a frame she could not bend. Dryden.
5. Severe; violent; as, a tough storm. [Colloq.] " A tough debate. " Fuller. To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOUGH-CAKE Tough"-cake`, n.
Defn: See Tough-pitch (b).
TOUGHEN Tough"en, v. i.&t. [imp. & p. p. Toughened; p. pr. & vb. n. Toughening.]
Defn: To grow or make tough, or tougher.
TOUGH-HEAD Tough"-head`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The ruddy duck. [ Local U.S. ]
TOUGHISH Tough"ish, a.
Defn: Tough in a slight degree.
TOUGHLY Tough"ly, adv.
Defn: In a tough manner.
TOUGHNESS Tough"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being tough.
TOUGH-PITCH Tough"-pitch`, n. (Metal.) (a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well reduced and refined copper. (b) Copper so reduced; — called also tough-cake.
TOUITE Tou"ite, n.
Defn: The wood warbler. [Prov. Eng.]
TOUPEE; TOUPET Tou*pee", Tou*pet"(), n. Etym: [F. toupet, dim. of OF. top a tuft; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. top. See Top apex, and cf. Topet.]
1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.
2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig. Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee. G. Eliot.
TOUPETTIT Tou"pet*tit, n. Etym: [See Topet, toupee.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
TOUR Tour, n. Etym: [F. tour. See Tower.]
Defn: A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOUR Tour, n. Etym: [F. tour. See Turn, v. t.]
1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as, the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England. The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour. Milton.
2. A turn; a revolution; as, the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.] Blackmore.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as, a tour of duty.
Syn. — Journey; excursion. See Journey.
TOUR Tour, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toured; p. pr. & vb. n. Touring.]
Defn: To make a tourm; as, to tour throught a country. T. Hughes.
TOURACO Tou*ra"co, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Turacou.
TOURBILLION Tour*bil"lion, n. Etym: [F. torbillion a whirlwind, tourbillion, fr. L. turbo, -inis, a whirl, whirlwind.]
Defn: An ornamental firework which turns round, when in the air, so as to form a scroll of fire. G. Francis.
TOURING CAR Tour"ing car.
Defn: An automobile designed for touring; specif., a roomy car, not a limousine, for five or more passengers.
TOURIST Tour"ist, n.
Defn: One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.
TOURMALINE Tour"ma*line, n. Etym: [F. tourmaline, cf. It. turmalina, tormalina, NL. turmalina, turmalinus; all fr. tournamal, a name given to this stone in Ceylon.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral occurring usually in three-sided or six-sided prisms terminated by rhombohedral or scalenohedral planes. Black tourmaline (schorl) is the most common variety, but there are also other varieties, as the blue (indicolite), red (rubellite), also green, brown, and white. The red and green varieties when transparent are valued as jewels. [Written also turmaline .]
Note: Crystals of tourmaline when heated exhibit electric polarity (see Pyroelectric, n.). Tourmaline is also used in the form of a polariscope called tourmaline tongs.
TOURN Tourn, n. Etym: [See Turn]
1. A spinning wheel. [Prov. Eng.]
2. (O.Eng.Law)
Defn: The sheriff's turn, or court.
TOURNAMENT Tour"na*ment, n. Etym: [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement, tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See Tourney.]
1. A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. "In battle and in tourneyment." Chaucer. With cruel tournament the squadrons join. Milton.
Note: It different from the joust, which was a trial of skill between one man and another.
2. Any contest of skill in which there are many contestents for championship; as, a chess tournament.
TOURNERY Tourn"er*y, n.
Defn: Work turned on a lathe; turnery.[Obs.] See Turnery. Evelyn.
TOURNEY Tour"ney, n. Etym: [OF. tornei, tornoi, F. tournoi, fr. OF. torneier, tornoier, tournoier, to tit, to tourney, F. tournoyer to turn round and round. See Turn, v. t.]
Defn: A tournament. Bacon. At tilt or tourney or like warlike game. Spenser. We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for half the work. Tennyson.
TOURNEY Tour"ney, v. i. Etym: [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n. ]
Defn: To perform in tournaments; to tilt. Well could he tourney, and in lists debate. Spenser.
TOURNIQUET Tour"ni*quet, n. Etym: [F., fr. tourner to turn.] (Surg.)
Defn: An instrument for arresting hemorrhage. It consists essentially of a pad or compress upon which pressure is made by a band which is tightened by a screw or other means.
TOURNOIS Tour`nois", n. Etym: [F., belonging to Tours in France.]
Defn: A former French money of account worth 20 sous, or a franc. It was thus called in distinction from the Paris livre, which contained 25 sous.
TOURNURE Tour*nure", n. Etym: [F., fr. tourner to turn.]
1. Turn; contour; figure.
2. Any device used by women to expand the skirt of a dress below the waist; a bustle.
TOUSE; TOUZE Touse, Touze, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Toused; p. pr. & vb. n. Tousing.] Etym: [OE. tosen sq. root64. See tease, and cf. Tose, Toze. ]
Defn: To pull; to haul; to tear; to worry. [Prov. Eng.] Shak. As a bear, whom angry curs have touzed. Spenser.
TOUSE Touse, n.
Defn: A pulling; a disturbance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
TOUSEL Tous"el, v. t.
Defn: Same as Tousle. [Colloq.]
TOUSER Tous"er, n.
Defn: One who touses. [Prov. Eng.]
TOUSLE Tou"sle, v. t. Etym: [Freq. of touse. Cf.Tossle.]
Defn: To put into disorder; to tumble; to touse. [Colloq.]
TOUS-LES-MOIS Tous`-les`-mois", n. Etym: [F., all the months, i.e., every month.]
Defn: A kind of starch with very large, oval, flattened grains, often sold as arrowroot, and extensively used for adulterating cocoa. It is made from the rootstocks of a species of Canna, probably C. edulis, the tubers of which are edible every month in the year.
TOUSY Tou"sy, a. [See Touse, n. & v.]
Defn: Tousled; tangled; rough; shaggy. [Colloq.]
TOUT Tout, v. t. Etym: [See 1st Toot.]
1. To act as a tout. See 2d Tout. [Cant. Eng.]
2. To ply or seek for customers. [Prov. Eng.]
TOUT Tout, n.
Defn: One who secretly watches race horses which are in course of training, to get information about their capabilities, for use in betting. [Cant. Eng.]
TOUT Tout, v. t. Etym: [See 3d Toot. ]
Defn: To toot a horn.
TOUT Tout, n
Defn: The anus. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOUT-ENSEMBLE Tout`-en`sem"ble, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: All together; hence, in costume, the fine arts, etc., the general effect of a work as a whole, without regard to the execution of the separate perts.
TOUTER Tout"er, n.
Defn: One who seeks customers, as for an inn, a public conveyance, shops, and the like: hence, an obtrusive candidate for office. [Colloq.] The prey of ring droppers, . . . duffers, touters, or any of those bloodless sharpers who are, perhaps, better known to the police. Dickens.
TOUZE Touze, v.t & i.
Defn: See Touse. [Prov. Eng.]
TOW Tow, n. Etym: [OE. tow, AS. tow, akin to OD. touw, Icel. taw, v.t.]
Defn: The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle.
TOW Tow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Towed; p. pr. & vb. n. Towing.] Etym: [OE. towen, totoga to pull about, OHG. zogon, Icel. toga, AS. tohline a towline, and AS.teón to draw, p.p. getogen. See Tug]
Defn: To draw or pull through the water, as a vessel of any kind, by means of a rope.
TOW Tow, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel.taug a rope, from the same root as E.tow, v. t.]
1. A rope by which anything is towed; a towline, or towrope.
2. The act of towing, or the state of being towed;-chiefly used in the phrase, to take in tow, that is to tow.
3. That which is towed, or drawn by a towline, as a barge, raft, collection of boats, ect.
TOWAGE Tow"age, n. Etym: [From Tow, v..cf. F. touage.]
1. The act of towing.
2. The price paid for towing.
TOWALL Tow"all, n.
Defn: A towel. [Obs.] Chaucer.
TOWARD; TOWARDS To"ward, To"wards, prep.Etym: [AS. To, and -ward, wards.]
1. In the direction of; to. He set his face toward the wilderness. Num. xxiv. 1. The waves make towards'' the pebbled shore. Shak.
2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect or reference to; regarding; concerning. His eye shall be evil toward his brother. Deut. xxviii. 54. Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense toward God, and toward men. Acts xxiv. 16.
3. Tending to; in the direction of; in behalf of. This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble. Clarendom.
4. Near; about; approaching to. I am toward nine years older since I left you. Swift.
TOWARD; TOWARDS To"ward, To"wards adv.
Defn: Near; at hand; in state of preparation. Do you hear sught, sir, of a battle toward Shak. We have a trifling foolish banquet Towards. Shak.
TOWARD To"ward, a. Etym: [AS. Toward, prep.]
1. Approaching; coming near. "His toward peril." Spenser.
2. Readly to do or learn; compliant with duty; not froward; apt; docile; tractable; as, a toward youth.
3. Ready to act; forward; bold; valiant. Why, that is spoken like a toward prince. Shak.
TOWARDLINESS To"ward*li*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being towardly; docility; tractableness. The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to envy. Sir W. Raleigh.
TOWARDLY To"ward*ly, a.
Defn: Same as Toward, a., 2. He's towardly and will come on apace. Dryden.
TOWARDNESS To"ward*ness, n.
Defn: Quality or state of being toward.
TOWARDS To"wards (, prep. & adv.
Defn: See Toward.
TOWBOAT Tow"boat`, n.
1. A vessel constructed for being towed, as a canal boat.
2. A steamer used for towing other vessels; a tug.
TOWEL Tow"el, n. Etym: [OE.towaille, towail, F. touaille, LL. toacula, of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. dwahila, swahilla, G. zwehle, fr. OHG. dwahan to wash; akin to D. dwaal a towel, AS. þweán to wash, OS. thwahan, Icel. þva, Sw. två, Dan. toe, Goth. þwahan. Cf. Doily.]
Defn: A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, as the person after a bath. Towel gourd (Bot.), the fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Luffa Ægyptiaca; also, the plant itself. The fruit is very fibrous, and, when separated from its rind and seeds, is used as a sponge or towel. Called also Egyptian bath sponge, and dishcloth.
TOWEL Tow"el, v. t.
Defn: To beat with a stick. [Prov. Eng.]
TOWELING Tow"el*ing, n.
Defn: Cloth for towels, especially such as is woven in long pieces to be cut at will, as distinguished from that woven in towel lengths with borders, etc. [Written also towelling.]
TOWER Tow"er, n. Etym: [OE. tour,tor,tur, F. tour, L. turris; akin to Gr. twr a tower, Ir. tor a castle, Gael. torr a tower, castle. Cf. Tor, Turret.]
1. (Arch.) (a) A mass of building standing alone and insulated, usually higher than its diameter, but when of great size not always of that proportion. (b) A projection from a line of wall, as a fortification, for purposes of defense, as a flanker, either or the same height as the curtain wall or higher. (c) A structure appended to a larger edifice for a special purpose, as for a belfry, and then usually high in proportion to its width and to the height of the rest of the edifice; as, a church tower.
2. A citadel; a fortress; hence, a defense. Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy. Ps. lxi. 3.
3. A headdress of a high or towerlike form, fashionable about the end of the seventeenth century and until 1715; also, any high headdress. Lay trains of amorous intrigues In towers, and curls, and periwigs. Hudibras.
4. High flight; elevation. [Obs.] Johnson. Gay Lussac's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the sulphuric acid process, to absorb (by means of concentrated acid) the spent nitrous fumes that they may be returned to the Glover's tower to be reemployed. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Glover's tower, below. — Glover's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, to condense the crude acid and to deliver concentrated acid charged with nitrous fumes. These fumes, as a catalytic, effect the conversion of sulphurous to sulphuric acid. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Gay Lussac's tower, above. — Round tower. See under Round, a. — Shot tower. See under Shot. — Tower bastion (Fort.), a bastion of masonry, often with chambers beneath, built at an angle of the interior polygon of some works. — Tower mustard (Bot.), the cruciferous plant Arabis perfoliata. — Tower of London, a collection of buildings in the eastern part of London, formerly containing a state prison, and now used as an arsenal and repository of various objects of public interest.
TOWER Tow"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. towered; p. pr. & vb. n. towering.]
Defn: To rise and overtop other objects; to be lofty or very high; hence, to soar. On the other side an high rock towered still. Spenser. My lord protector's hawks do tower so well. Shak.
TOWER Tow"er, v. t.
Defn: To soar into. [Obs.] Milton.
TOWERED Tow"ered, a.
Defn: Adorned or defended by towers. Towered cities please us then. Milton.
TOWERING Tow"er*ing, a.
1. Very high; elevated; rising aloft; as, a towering height. Pope.
2. Hence, extreme; violent; surpassing. A man agitated by a towering passion. Sir W. Scott.
TOWERY Tow"er*y, a.
Defn: Having towers; adorned or defended by towers. [R.] "Towery cities." Pope.
TOW-HEAD Tow"-head`, n.
1. An urchin who has soft, whitish hair. [Colloq.]
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The hooded merganser. [ Local, U.S. ]
TOWHEE To*whee", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The chewink.
TOWILLY To*wil"ly, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The sanderling; — so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]
TOWLINE Tow"line`, n. Etym: [AS. tohline. See Tow, v. t., and Line. ] (Naut.)
Defn: A line used to tow vessels; a towrope.
TOWN Town, n. Etym: [OE. toun, tun, AS. tun inclosure, fence, village, town; akin to D. tuin a garden, G. zaun a hadge, fence, OHG. zun, Icel. tun an inclosure, homestead, house, Ir. & Gael. dun a fortress, W. din. Cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune, tine to inclose.]
1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave.
2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson.
3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities. God made the country, and man made the town. Cowper.
4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.
5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U.S.]
6. The court end of London;-commonly with the.
7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country. Always hankering after the diversions of the town. Addison. Stunned with his giddy larum half the town. Pope.
Note: The same form of expressions is used in regard to other populous towns.
8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.]
Note: Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town-crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town- house.
Syn. — Village; hamlet. See Village. Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. — Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. — Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. — Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U.S.] — Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation.
TOWN-CRIER Town"-cri`er, n.
Defn: A town officer who makes proclamations to the people; the public crier of a town.
TOWNED Towned, a.
Defn: Having towns; containing many towns. [Obs.] Hakluyt.
TOWNHALL Town"hall`, n.
Defn: A public hall or building, belonging to a town, where the public offices are established, the town council meets, the people assemble in town meeting, etc.
TOWNHOUSE Town"house`, n.
Defn: A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall.
TOWNISH Town"ish, a
Defn: Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town. [R.] Turbervile.
TOWNLESS Town"less, a.
Defn: Having no town. Howell.
TOWNLET Town"let, n.
Defn: A small town. North Brit. Rev.
TOWNSFOLK Towns"folk`, n.
Defn: The people of a town; especially, the inhabitants of a city, in distinction from country people; townspeople.
TOWNSHIP Town"ship, n.
1. The district or territory of a town.
Note: In the United States, many of the States are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county.
2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of territory six miles square, containing 36 sections.
3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county.
TOWNSMAN Towns"man, n.; pl. Townsmen (-men).
1. An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another. Pope.
2. A selectman, in New England. See Selectman.
TOWNSPEOPLE Towns"peo`ple, n.
Defn: The inhabitants of a town or city, especially in distinction from country people; townsfolk.
TOWNWARD; TOWNWARDS Town"ward, Town"wards,, adv.
Defn: Toward a town. Longfellow.
TOWPATH Tow"path`, n.
Defn: A path traveled by men or animals in towing boats; — called also towing path.
TOWROPE Tow"rope`, n.
Defn: A rope used in towing vessels.
TOWSER Tow"ser, n. Etym: [See Touse to pull about. ]
Defn: A familiar name for a dog. [ Written also Towzer. ]
TOWY Tow"y, a.
Defn: Composed of, or like, tow.
TOXAEMIA; TOXEMIA Tox*ae"mi*a or Tox*e"mi*a, a. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.)
Defn: Blood poisoning. See under Blood.
TOXALBUMIN Tox`al*bu"min, n. [See Toxic; Albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: Any of a class of toxic substances of protein nature; a toxin.
TOXIC; TOXICAL Tox"ic, Tox"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. toxicum poison, originally, a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. Intoxicate.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to poison; poisonous; as, toxic medicines.
TOXICANT Tox"i*cant, n.
Defn: A poisonous agent or drug, as opium; an intoxicant.
TOXICATION Tox`i*ca"tion, n. [L. toxicum a poison: cf. toxicatus smeared with poison.]
Defn: Poisoning.
TOXICITY Tox*ic"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being toxic or poisonous; poisonousness.
TOXICOGENIC Tox`i*co*gen"ic, a. [See Toxic, and -genic.] (Physiol. & Med.)
Defn: Producing toxic products; as, toxicogenic germs or bacteria.
TOXICOLOGICAL Tox`i*co*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf.F. toxicologique. ]
Defn: Of or pertaining to toxicology. — Tox`i*co*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
TOXICOLOGIST Tox`i*col"o*gist, n.
Defn: One versed in toxicology; the writer of a treatise on poisons.
TOXICOLOGY Tox`i*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.toxicologie. See Toxic. ]
Defn: The science which treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and recignition; also, a discourse or treatise on the science.
TOXICOMANIA Tox`i*co*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [See. Toxic, and Mania.]
1. (Med.)
Defn: Toxiphobia. A. S. Taylor.
2. (Med.)
Defn: An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as alcohol or opium. B. W. Richardson.
TOXIFERA Tox*if"e*ra, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr.ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Toxoglossa.
TOXIN; TOXINE Tox"in, Tox"ine, n. Etym: [Gr.Toxic. ]
Defn: A poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria, as a toxic proteid or poisonous ptomaine.
TOXIPHOBIA Tox`i*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.)
Defn: An insane or greatly exaggerated dread of poisons.
TOXODON Tox"o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: A gigantic extinct herbivorous mammal from South America, having teeth bent like a bow. It is the type of the order Toxodonta.
TOXODONTA Tox`o*don"ta, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct order of Mammalia found in the South American Tertiary formation. The incisor teeth were long and curved and provided with a persistent pulp. They are supposed to be related both to the rodents and ungulates. Called also Toxodontia.
TOXOGLOSSA Tox`o*glos"sa, n.pl. Etym: [NL.,fr.Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of marine gastropod mollusks in which the radula are converted into poison fangs. The cone shells (Conus), Pleurotoma, and Terebra, are examples. See Illust. of Cone, n., 4, Pleurotoma, and Terebra.
TOXOID Tox"oid, n. [Toxin + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: An altered form of a toxin, possessing little or no toxic power.
TOXOPHILITE Tox*oph"i*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. to`xon a bow + filei^n to love.]
Defn: A lover of archery; one devoted to archery.