BOOK MUSLIN Book" mus`lin. (continued 6)

2. To break. [Obs.] You will not pay for the glasses you have burst Shak. He burst his lance against the sand below. Fairfax (Tasso).

3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through the wall. Bursting charge. See under Charge.

BURST Burst, n.

1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of inspiration. Bursts of fox-hunting melody. W. Irving.

2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of speed.

3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] "A fine burst of country." Jane Austen.

4. A rupture of hernia; a breach.

BURSTEN Burst"en,

Defn: p. p. of Burst, v. i. [Obs.]

BURSTER Burst"er, n.

Defn: One that bursts.

BURSTWORT Burst"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Herniaria glabra) supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture.

BURT Burt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Birt. [Prov. Eng.]

BURTHEN Bur"then, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Burden. [Archaic]

BURTON Bur"ton, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. & Prov. E. bort to press or indent anything.] (Naut.)

Defn: A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the running part.

BURY Bur"y, n. Etym: [See 1st Borough.]

1. A borough; a manor; as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; —

Note: used as a termination of names of places; as, Canterbury, Shrewsbury.

2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov. Eng.] To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is called bury, in some parts of England. Miege.

BURY Bur"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buried; p. pr. & vb. n. Burying.] Etym: [OE. burien, birien, berien, AS. byrgan; akin to beorgan to protect, OHG. bergan, G. bergen, Icel. bjarga, Sw. berga, Dan. bierge, Goth. baírgan. sq. root95. Cf. Burrow.]

1. To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury the face in the hands. And all their confidence Under the weight of mountains buried deep. Milton.

2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in its resting place, with funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume. Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. Matt. viii. 21. I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave. Shak.

3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; as, to bury strife. Give me a bowl of wine In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. Shak. Burying beetle (Zoöl.), the general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; — so called from their habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath them. The larvæ feed upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers. — To bury the hatchet, to lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; — a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a peace.

Syn. — To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm; repress.

BURYING GROUND; BURYING PLACE Bur"y*ing ground`, Bur"y*ing place.

Defn: The ground or place for burying the dead; burial place.

BUS Bus, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from omnibus.]

Defn: An omnibus. [Colloq.]

BUSBY Bus"by, n.; pl. Busbies (. (Mil.)

Defn: A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder.

BUSCON Bus"con, n. Etym: [Sp., a searcher, fr. buscar to search.]

Defn: One who searches for ores; a prospector. [U.S.]

BUSH Bush, n. Etym: [OE. bosch, busch, buysch, bosk, busk; akin to D. bosch, OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel. b, b, Dan. busk, Sw. buske, and also to LL. boscus, buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp. & Pg. bosque, F. bois, OF. bos. Whether the LL. or G. form ibox a case. Cf. Ambush, Boscage, Bouquet, Box a case.]

1. A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest.

Note: This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch bosch, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush.

2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs. To bind a bush of thorns among sweet-smelling flowers. Gascoigne.

3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; as, bushes to support pea vines.

4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branch of ivy (as sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself. If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is true that a good play needs no epilogue. Shak.

5. (Hunting)

Defn: The tail, or brush, of a fox. To beat about the bush, to approach anything in a round-about manner, instead of coming directly to it; — a metaphor taken from hunting. — Bush bean (Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and requires no support (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus). See Bean, 1. — Bush buck, or Bush goat (Zoöl.), a beautiful South African antelope (Tragelaphus sylvaticus); — so called because found mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to other species. — Bush cat (Zoöl.), the serval. See Serval. — Bush chat (Zoöl.), a bird of the genus Pratincola, of the Thrush family. — Bush dog. (Zoöl.) See Potto. — Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the Vocabulary. — Bush harrow (Agric.) See under Harrow. — Bush hog (Zoöl.), a South African wild hog (Potamochoerus Africanus); — called also bush pig, and water hog. — Bush master (Zoöl.), a venomous snake (Lachesis mutus) of Guinea; — called also surucucu. — Bush pea (Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be bushed. — Bush shrike (Zoöl.), a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied genera; — called also batarg. Many species inhabit tropical America. — Bush tit (Zoöl.), a small bird of the genus Psaltriparus, allied to the titmouse. P. minimus inhabits California.

BUSH Bush, v. i.

Defn: To branch thickly in the manner of a bush. "The bushing alders." Pope.

BUSH Bush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bushed (p. pr. & vb.n. Bushing.]

1. To set bushes for; to support with bushes; as, to bush peas.

2. To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering seeds sown; to harrow with a bush; as, to bush a piece of land; to bush seeds into the ground.

BUSH Bush, n. Etym: [D. bus a box, akin to E. box; or F. boucher to plug.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A lining for a hole to make it smaller; a thimble or ring of metal or wood inserted in a plate or other part of machinery to receive the wear of a pivot or arbor. Knight.

Note: In the larger machines, such a piece is called a box, particularly in the United States.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: A piece of copper, screwed into a gun, through which the venthole is bored. Farrow.

BUSH Bush, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a bush, or lining; as, to bush a pivot hole.

BUSHBOY Bush"boy, n.

Defn: See Bushman.

BUSHEL Bush"el, n. Etym: [OE. buschel, boischel, OF. boissel, bussel, boistel, F. boisseau, LL. bustellus; dim. of bustia, buxida (OF. boiste), fr. pyxida, acc. of L. pyxis box, Gr. Box.]

1. A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts.

Note: The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England, contained 2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder 18

2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure. Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick Mark iv. 21.

3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure; as, a heap containing ten bushels of apples.

Note: In the United States a large number of articles, bought and sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the number of pounds that make a bushel being determined by State law or by local custom. For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc., heaped measure is required in measuring a bushel.

4. A large indefinite quantity. [Colloq.] The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with bushels of gold, without counting the weight or the number of the pieces. Dryden.

5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. [Eng.] In the United States it is called a box. See 4th Bush.

BUSHELAGE Bush"el*age, n.

Defn: A duty payable on commodities by the bushel. [Eng.]

BUSHELMAN Bush"el*man, n.

Defn: A tailor's assistant for repairing garments; — called also busheler. [Local, U.S.]

BUSHET Bush"et, n. Etym: [See Bosket.]

Defn: A small bush.

BUSHFIGHTER Bush"fight`er, n.

Defn: One accustomed to bushfighting. Parkman.

BUSHFIGHTING Bush"fight`ing, n.

Defn: Fighting in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or thickets.

BUSHHAMMER Bush"ham`mer, n.

Defn: A hammer with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a number of rows of such points; — used for dressing stone.

BUSHHAMMER Bush"ham`mer, v. t.

Defn: To dress with bushhammer; as, to bushhammer a block of granite.

BUSHIDO Bu"shi`do` (boo"she`do`), n. [Jap. bu military + shi knight + do way, doctrine, principle.]

Defn: The unwritten code of moral principles regulating the actions of the Japanese knighthood, or Samurai; the chivalry of Japan.

Unformulated, Bushido was and still is the animating spirit, the motor force of our country. Inazo Nitobé.

BUSHINESS Bush"i*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being bushy.

BUSHING Bush"ing, n. Etym: [See 4th Bush.]

1. The operation of fitting bushes, or linings, into holes or places where wear is to be received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes, etc.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A bush or lining; — sometimes called . See 4th Bush.

BUSHLESS Bush"less, a.

Defn: Free from bushes; bare. O'er the long backs of the bushless downs. Tennyson.

BUSHMAN Bush"man, n.; pl. Bushmen. Etym: [Cf. D. boschman, boschjesman. See 1st Bush.]

1. A woodsman; a settler in the bush.

2. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any other people.

BUSHMENT Bush"ment, n. Etym: [OE. busshement ambush, fr. bush.]

1. A thicket; a cluster of bushes. [Obs.] Raleigh.

2. An ambuscade. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

BUSHRANGER Bush"ran`ger, n.

Defn: One who roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in Australia, an escaped criminal living in the bush.

BUSHWHACKER Bush"whack`er, n.

1. One accustomed to beat about, or travel through, bushes. [U.S.] They were gallant bushwhackers, and hunters of raccoons by moonlight. W. Irving.

2. A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a hostile force or its sympathizers. [U.S.] Farrow.

BUSHWHACKING Bush"whack`ing, n.

1. Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a stream. [U.S.] T. Flint.

2. The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers. [U.S.]

BUSHY Bush"y, a. Etym: [From 1st Bush.]

1. Thick and spreading, like a bush. "Bushy eyebrows." Irving.

2. Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs. Dingle, or bushy dell, of this wild wood. Milton.

BUSILY Bus"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a busy manner.

BUSINESS Busi"ness, n.; pl. Businesses. Etym: [From Busy.]

1. That which busies one, or that which engages the time, attention, or labor of any one, as his principal concern or interest, whether for a longer or shorter time; constant employment; regular occupation; as, the business of life; business before pleasure. Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business Luke ii. 49.

2. Any particular occupation or employment engaged in for livelihood or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a profession. "The business of instruction." Prescott.

3. Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic in general; mercantile transactions. It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any degree of reputation for their knowledge of business. Bp. Popteus.

4. That which one has to do or should do; special service, duty, or mission. The daughter of the King of France, On serious business, craving quick despatch, Importunes personal conference. Shak. What business has the tortoise among the clouds L'Estrange.

5. Affair; concern; matter; — used in an indefinite sense, and modified by the connected words. It was a gentle business, and becoming The action of good women. Shak. Bestow Your needful counsel to our business. Shak.

6. (Drama)

Defn: The position, distribution, and order of persons and properties on the stage of a theater, as determined by the stage manager in rehearsal.

7. Care; anxiety; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer. To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley. — To make (a thing) one's business, to occupy one's self with a thing as a special charge or duty. [Colloq.] — To mean business, to be earnest. [Colloq.]

Syn. — Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement; employment; calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation; office; duty.

BUSINESSLIKE Busi"ness*like`, a.

Defn: In the manner of one transacting business wisely and by right methods.

BUSK Busk, n. Etym: [F. busc, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E. bois wood, because the first busks were made of wood. See Bush, and cf. OF. busche, F. bûche, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same root.]

Defn: A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset. Her long slit sleeves, stiff busk, puff verdingall, Is all that makes her thus angelical. Marston.

BUSK Busk, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Busked.] Etym: [OE. busken, fr. Icel. b to make one's self ready, rexlexive of b to prepare, dwell. Cf. 8th Bound.]

1. To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress. [Scot. & Old Eng.] Busk you, busk you, my bonny, bonny bride. Hamilton.

2. To go; to direct one's course. [Obs.] Ye might have busked you to Huntly banks. Skelton.

BUSKED Busked, a.

Defn: Wearing a busk. Pollok.

BUSKET Bus"ket, n. Etym: [See Bosket, Bouquet.]

1. A small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A part of a garden devoted to shrubs. [R.]

BUSKIN Bus"kin, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. brossequin, or D. broosken. See Brodekin.]

1. A strong, protecting covering for the foot, coming some distance up the leg. The hunted red deer's undressed hide Their hairy buskins well supplied. Sir W. Scott.

2. A similar covering for the foot and leg, made with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the stature; — worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome. Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as distinguished from comedy. Great Fletcher never treads in buskins here, No greater Jonson dares in socks appear. Dryden.

BUSKINED Bus"kined, a.

1. Wearing buskins. Her buskined virgins traced the dewy lawn. Pope.

2. Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy. "The buskined stage." Milton.

BUSKY Bus"ky, a.

Defn: See Bosky, and 1st Bush, n. Shak.

BUSS Buss, n. Etym: [OE. basse, fr. L. basium; cf. G. bus (Luther), Prov. G. busserl, dim. of bus kiss, bussen to kiss, Sw. puss kiss, pussa to kiss, W. & Gael. bus lip, mouth.]

Defn: A kiss; a rude or playful kiss; a smack. Shak.

BUSS Buss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bussing.]

Defn: To kiss; esp. to kiss with a smack, or rudely. "Nor bussed the milking maid." Tennyson. Kissing and bussing differ both in this, We buss our wantons, but our wives we kiss. Herrick.

BUSS Buss, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. busse, Pr. bus, LL. bussa, busa, G. büse, D. buis.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; — used in the herring fishery. The Dutch whalers and herring busses. Macaulay.

BUST Bust, n. Etym: [F. buste, fr. It. busto; cf. LL. busta, bustula, box, of the same origin as E. box a case; cf., for the change of meaning, E. chest. See Bushel.]

1. A piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast. Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trust The faithless column, and the crumbling bust. Pope.

2. The portion of the human figure included between the head and waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the chest or thorax; the upper part of the trunk of the body.

BUSTARD Bus"tard, n. Etym: [OF. & Prov. F. bistarde, F. outarde, from L. avis tarda, lit., slow bird. Plin. 10, 22; "proximæ iis sunt, quas Hispania aves tardas appellat, Græcia (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Otis.

Note: The great or bearded bustard (Otis tarda) is the largest game bird in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia, and was formerly common in Great Britain. The little bustard (O. tetrax) inhabits eastern Europe and Morocco. Many other species are known in Asia and Africa.

BUSTER Bus"ter, n.

Defn: Something huge; a roistering blade; also, a spree. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

BUSTLE Bus"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bustled (p. pr. & vb.n. Bustling ( Etym: [Cf. OE. buskle, perh. fr. AS. bysig busy, bysg-ian to busy + the verbal termination -le; or Icel. bustla to splash, bustle.]

Defn: To move noisily; to be rudely active; to move in a way to cause agitation or disturbance; as, to bustle through a crowd. And leave the world for me to bustle in. Shak.

BUSTLE Bus"tle, n.

Defn: Great stir; agitation; tumult from stirring or excitement. A strange bustle and disturbance in the world. South.

BUSTLE Bus"tle, n.

Defn: A kind of pad or cushion worn on the back below the waist, by women, to give fullness to the skirts; — called also bishop, and tournure.

BUSTLER Bus"tler, n.

Defn: An active, stirring person.

BUSTLING Bus"tling, a.

Defn: Agitated; noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; as, a bustling crowd. "A bustling wharf." Hawthorne.

BUSTO Bus"to, n.; pl. Bustoes (/plu. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A bust; a statue. With some antick bustoes in the niches. Ashmole.

BUSY Bus"y, a. Etym: [OE. busi, bisi, AS. bysig; akin to D. bezig, LG. besig; cf. Skr. bh to be active, busy.]

1. Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or only for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle nor at leisure; as, a busy merchant. Sir, my mistress sends you word THat she is busy, and she can not come. Shak.

2. Constantly at work; diligent; active. Busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. Religious motives . . . are so busy in the heart. Addison.

3. Crowded with business or activities; — said of places and times; as, a busy street. To-morrow is a busy day. Shak.

4. Officious; meddling; foolish active. On meddling monkey, or on busy ape. Shak.

5. Careful; anxious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn. — Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied; engaged.

BUSY Bus"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Busied; p. pr. & vb. n. Busying.] Etym: [AS. bysgian.]

Defn: To make or keep busy; to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to occupy; as, to busy one's self with books. Be it thy course to busy giddy minds With foreign quarrels. Shak.

BUSYBODY Bus"y*bod`y, n.; pl. Busybodies.

Defn: One who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others; a meddling person. And not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not. 1 Tim. v. 13.

BUT But, prep., adv. & conj. Etym: [OE. bute, buten, AS. b, without, on the outside, except, besides; pref. be- + outward, without, fr. out. Primarily, b, as well as , is an adverb. sq. root198. See By, Out; cf. About.]

1. Except with; unless with; without. [Obs.] So insolent that he could not go but either spurning equals or trampling on his inferiors. Fuller. Touch not the cat but a glove. Motto of the Mackintoshes.

2. Except; besides; save. Who can it be, ye gods! but perjured Lycon E. Smith.

Note: In this sense, but is often used with other particles; as, but for, without, had it not been for. "Uncreated but for love divine." Young.

3. Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that; were it not that; unless; — elliptical, for but that. And but my noble Moor is true of mind . . . it were enough to put him to ill thinking. Shak.

4. Otherwise than that; that not; — commonly, after a negative, with that. It cannot be but nature hath some director, of infinite power, to guide her in all her ways. Hooker. There is no question but the king of Spain will reform most of the abuses. Addison.

5. Only; solely; merely. Observe but how their own principles combat one another. Milton. If they kill us, we shall but die. 2 Kings vii. 4. A formidable man but to his friends. Dryden.

6. On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet; still; however; nevertheless; more; further; — as connective of sentences or clauses of a sentence, in a sense more or less exceptive or adversative; as, the House of Representatives passed the bill, but the Senate dissented; our wants are many, but quite of another kind. Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity. 1 Cor. xiii. 13. When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the lowly is wisdom. Prov. xi. 2. All but. See under All. — But and if, but if; an attempt on the part of King James's translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and adversative force of the Greek But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; . . . the lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him. Luke xii. 45, 46. But if, unless. [Obs.] Chaucer. But this I read, that but if remedy Thou her afford, full shortly I her dead shall see. Spenser.

Syn. — But, However, Still. These conjunctions mark opposition in passing from one thought or topic to another. But marks the opposition with a medium degree of strength; as, this is not winter, but it is almost as cold; he requested my assistance, but I shall not aid him at present. However is weaker, and throws the opposition (as it were) into the background; as, this is not winter; it is, however, almost as cold; he required my assistance; at present, however, I shall not afford him aid. The plan, however, is still under consideration, and may yet be adopted. Still is stronger than but, and marks the opposition more emphatically; as, your arguments are weighty; still they do not convince me. See Except, However.

Note: "The chief error with but is to use it where and is enough; an error springing from the tendency to use strong words without sufficient occasio,." Bain.

BUT But, n. Etym: [Cf. But, prep., adv. & conj.]

Defn: The outer apartment or kitchen of a two-roomed house; — opposed to ben, the inner room. [Scot.]

BUT But, n. Etym: [See 1st But.]

1. A limit; a boundary.

2. The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st Butt. But end, the larger or thicker end; as, the but end of a log; the but end of a musket. See Butt, n.

BUT But, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Butted; p. pr. & vb. n. Butting.]

Defn: See Butt, v., and Abut, v.

BUTANE Bu"tane, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C4H10, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series.

BUTCHER Butch"er, n. Etym: [OE. bochere, bochier, OF. bochier, F. boucher, orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF. boc, F. bouc, a buck goat; of German or Celtic origin. See Buck the animal.]

1. One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for market; one whose occupation it is to kill animals for food.

2. A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as in battle. "Butcher of an innocent child." Shak. Butcher bird (Zoöl.), a species of shrike of the genus Lanius.

Note: The Lanius excubitor is the common butcher bird of Europe. In England, the bearded tit is sometimes called the lesser butcher bird. The American species are L.borealis, or northernbutcher bird, and L. Ludovicianus or loggerhead shrike. The name butcher birdis derived from its habit of suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after killing it. Butcher's meat, such flesh of animals slaughtered for food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as beef, mutton, lamb, and pork.

BUTCHER Butch"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Butchered (; p. pr. & vb.n. Butchering.]

1. To kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; as, to butcher hogs.

2. To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually bloody or barbarous manner. Macaulay. [Ithocles] was murdered, rather butchered. Ford.

BUTCHERING Butch"er*ing, n.

1. The business of a butcher.

2. The act of slaughtering; the act of killing cruelly and needlessly. That dreadful butchering of one another. Addison.

BUTCHERLINESS Butch"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: Butchery quality.

BUTCHERLY Butch"er*ly, a.

Defn: Like a butcher; without compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman; fell. "The victim of a butcherly murder." D. Webster. What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly, This deadly quarrel daily doth beget! Shak.

BUTCHER'S BROOM Butch"er's broom`. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Ruscus); esp. R. aculeatus, which has large red berries and leaflike branches. See Cladophyll.

BUTCHERY Butch"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. bocherie shambles, fr. F. boucherie. See Butcher, n.]

1. The business of a butcher. [Obs.]

2. Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with unusual barbarity; great or cruel slaughter. Shak. The perpetration of human butchery. Prescott.

3. A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where blood is shed. [Obs.] Like as an ox is hanged in the butchery. Fabyan.

Syn. — Murder; slaughter; carnage. See Massacre.

BUTLER But"ler, n. Etym: [OE. boteler, F. bouteillier a bottle-bearer, a cupbearer, fr. LL. buticularius, fr. buticula bottle. See Bottle a hollow vessel.]

Defn: An officer in a king's or a nobleman's household, whose principal business it is to take charge of the liquors, plate, etc.; the head servant in a large house. The butler and the baker of the king of Egypt. Gen. xl. 5. Your wine locked up, your butler strolled abroad. Pope.

BUTLERAGE But"ler*age, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by merchant strangers; — so called because paid to the king's butler for the king. Blackstone.

BUTLERSHIP But"ler*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a butler.

BUTMENT But"ment, n. Etym: [Abbreviation of Abutment.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which joins it to the upright pier.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are sustained, or by which the end of a bridge without arches is supported. Butment cheek (Carp.), the part of a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the shoulders of the tenon bear. Knight.

BUTT; BUT Butt, But, n. Etym: [F. but butt, aim (cf. butte knoll), or bout, OF. bot, end, extremity, fr. boter, buter, to push, butt, strike, F. bouter; of German origin; cf. OHG. bozan, akin to E. beat. See Beat, v. t.]

1. A limit; a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end. Here is my journey's end, here my butt And very sea mark of my utmost sail. Shak.

Note: As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous with mete, and signifies properly the end line or boundary; the abuttal.

2. The thicker end of anything. See But.

3. A mark to be shot at; a target. Sir W. Scott. The groom his fellow groom at butts defies, And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes. Dryden.

4. A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed; as, the butt of the company. I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I thought very smart. Addison.

5. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head of an animal; as, the butt of a ram.

6. A thrust in fencing. To prove who gave the fairer butt, John shows the chalk on Robert's coat. Prior.

7. A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field. The hay was growing upon headlands and butts in cornfields. Burrill.

8. (Mech.) (a) A joint where the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing or chamfering; — also called butt joint. (b) The end of a connecting rod or other like piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and gib. (c) The portion of a half-coupling fastened to the end of a hose.

9. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The joint where two planks in a strake meet.

10. (Carp.)

Defn: A kind of hinge used in hanging doors, etc.; — so named because fastened on the edge of the door, which butts against the casing, instead of on its face, like the strap hinge; also called butt hinge.

11. (Leather Trade)

Defn: The thickest and stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots, harness, trunks.

12. The hut or shelter of the person who attends to the targets in rifle practice. Butt chain (Saddlery), a short chain attached to the end of a tug. — Butt end. The thicker end of anything. See But end, under 2d But. Amen; and make me die a good old man! That's the butt end of a mother's blessing. Shak. A butt's length, the ordinary distance from the place of shooting to the butt, or mark. — Butts and bounds (Conveyancing), abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular shape, butts are the lines at the ends (F. bouts), and bounds are those on the sides, or sidings, as they were formerly termed. Burrill. — Bead and butt. See under Bead. — Butt and butt, joining end to end without overlapping, as planks. — Butt weld (Mech.), a butt joint, made by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See Weld. — Full butt, headfirst with full force. [Colloq.] "The corporal . . . ran full butt at the lieutenant." Marryat.

BUTT Butt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Butted; p. pr. & vb. n. Butting.] Etym: [OE. butten, OF. boter to push, F. bouter. See Butt an end, and cf. Boutade.]

1. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be bounded; to abut. [Written also but.] And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's well-watered ground. Drayton.

2. To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See Butt, n.] A snow-white steer before thine altar led, Butts with his threatening brows. Dryden.

BUTT Butt, v. t.

Defn: To strike by thrusting the head against; to strike with the head. Two harmless lambs are butting one the other. Sir H. Wotton.

BUTT Butt, n. Etym: [F. botte, boute, LL. butta. Cf. Bottle a hollow vessel.]

Defn: A large cask or vessel for wine or beer. It contains two hogsheads.

Note: A wine butt contains 126 wine gallons (= 105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer butt 108 ale gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons).

BUTT Butt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common English flounder.

BUTTE Butte, n. Etym: [F. See Butt a bound.]

Defn: A detached low mountain, or high rising abruptly from the general level of the surrounding plain; — applied to peculiar elevations in the Rocky Mountain region. The creek . . . passes by two remarkable buttes of red conglomerate. Ruxton.

BUTTER But"ter, n. Etym: [OE. botere, butter, AS. butere, fr. L. butyrum, Gr. Cow.]

1. An oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream or milk by churning.

2. Any substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry, the chloridess, as butter of antimony, sesquichloride of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures, as butter of cacao, vegetable butter, shea butter. Butter and eggs (Bot.), a name given to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow, as Narcissus incomparabilis, and in the United States to the toadflax (Linaria vulgaris). — Butter boat, a small vessel for holding melted butter at table. — Butter flower, the buttercup, a yellow flower. — Butter print, a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter; — called also butter stamp. Locke. — Butter tooth, either of the two middle incisors of the upper jaw. — Butter tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of which yield a substance closely resembling butter. The butter tree of India is the B. butyracea; that of Africa is the Shea tree (B. Parkii). See Shea tree. — Butter trier, a tool used in sampling butter. — Butter wife, a woman who makes or sells butter; — called also butter woman. [Obs. or Archaic]

BUTTER But"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttered (p. pr. & vb. n. Buttering.]

1. To cover or spread with butter. I know what's what. I know on which side My bread is buttered. Ford.

2. To increase, as stakes, at every throw or every game. [Cant] Johnson.

BUTTER Butt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, butts.

BUTTERBALL But"ter*ball`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck.

BUTTERBIRD But"ter*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rice bunting or bobolink; — so called in the island of Jamaica.

BUTTERBUMP But"ter*bump`, n. Etym: [OE. buttur the bittern + 5th bump.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bittern. Johnson.

BUTTERBUR But"ter*bur`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A broad-leaved plant (Petasites vulgaris) of the Composite family, said to have been used in England for wrapping up pats of butter.

BUTTERCUP But"ter*cup`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ranunculus, or crowfoot, particularly R. bulbosus, with bright yellow flowers; — called also butterflower, golden cup, and kingcup. It is the cuckoobud of Shakespeare.

BUTTER-FINGERED But"ter-fin`gered, a.

Defn: Apt to let things fall, or to let them slip away; slippery; careless.

BUTTERFISH But"ter*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to several different fishes, in allusion to their slippery coating of mucus, as the Stromateus triacanthus of the Atlantic coast, the Epinephelus punctatus of the southern coast, the rock eel, and the kelpfish of New Zealand.

BUTTERFLY But"ter*fly`, n.; pl. Butterflies. Etym: [Perh. from the color of a yellow species. AS. buter-flege, buttor-fleóge; cf. G. butterfliege, D. botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera.

Note: [See Illust. under Aphrodite.] Asclepias butterfly. See under Asclepias. — Butterfly fish (Zoöl.), the ocellated blenny (Blennius ocellaris) of Europe. See Blenny. The term is also applied to the flying gurnard. — Butterfly shell (Zoöl.), a shell of the genus Voluta. — Butterfly valve (Mech.), a kind of double clack valve, consisting of two semicircular clappers or wings hinged to a cross rib in the pump bucket. When open it somewhat resembles a butterfly in shape.

BUTTERINE But"ter*ine, n.

Defn: A substance prepared from animal fat with some other ingredients intermixed, as an imitation of butter. The manufacturers ship large quantities of oleomargarine to England, Holland, and other countries, to be manufactured into butter, which is sold as butterine or suine. Johnson's Cyc.

BUTTERIS But"ter*is, n. Etym: [The same word as buttress, noun, in a different application, F. bouter to push.] (Far.)

Defn: A steel cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a handle which rests against the shoulder of the operator. It is operated by a thrust movement, and used in paring the hoofs of horses.

BUTTERMAN But"ter*man`, n.; pl. Buttermen (.

Defn: A man who makes or sells butter.

BUTTERMILK But"ter*milk`, n.

Defn: The milk that remains after the butter is separated from the cream.

BUTTERNUT But"ter*nut`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree (Juglans cinerea) of the Walnut family, and its edible fruit; — so called from the oil contained in the latter. Sometimes called oil nut and white walnut.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The nut of the Caryocar butyrosum and C. nuciferum, of S. America; — called also Souari nut.

BUTTER-SCOTCH But"ter-scotch`, n.

Defn: A kind of candy, mainly composed of sugar and butter. [Colloq.] Dickens.

BUTTERWEED But"ter*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant of the Mississippi valley (Senecio lobatus).

BUTTERWEIGHT But"ter*weight`, n.

Defn: Over weight. Swift.

Note: Formerly it was a custom to give 18 ounces of butter for a pound.

BUTTERWORT But"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of low herbs (Pinguicula) having simple leaves which secrete from their glandular upper surface a viscid fluid, to which insects adhere, after which the margin infolds and the insects are digested by the plant. The species are found mostly in the North Temperate zone.

BUTTERY But"ter*y, a.

Defn: Having the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter.

BUTTERY But"ter*y, n.; pl. Buttplwies (. Etym: [OE. botery, botry; cf. LL. botaria wine vessel; also OE. botelerie, fr. F. bouteillerie, fr. boutellie bottle. Not derived from butter. See Bottle a hollow vessel, Butt a cask.]

1. An apartment in a house where butter, milk and other provisions are kept. All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries, and butteries, to the north. Sir H. Wotton.

2. A room in some English colleges where liquors, fruit, and refreshments are kept for sale to the students. And the major Oxford kept the buttery bar. E. Hall.

3. A cellar in which butts of wine are kept. Weale. Buttery hatch, a half door between the buttery or kitchen and the hall, in old mansions, over which provisions were passed. Wright.

BUTT HINGE Butt" hinge`.

Defn: See 1st Butt, 10.

BUT-THORN But"-thorn`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European starfish (Asterias rubens).

BUTTING But"ting, n.

Defn: An abuttal; a boundary. Without buttings or boundings on any side. Bp. Beveridge.

BUTTING JOINT But"ting joint`.

Defn: A joint between two pieces of timber or wood, at the end of one or both, and either at right angles or oblique to the grain, as the joints which the struts and braces form with the truss posts; — sometimes called abutting joint.

BUTT JOINT Butt" joint`.

Defn: A joint in which the edges or ends of the pieces united come squarely together instead of overlapping. See 1st Butt, 8.

BUTTOCK But"tock, n. Etym: [From Butt an end.]

1. The part at the back of the hip, which, in man, forms one of the rounded protuberances on which he sits; the rump.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern. Mar. Dict.

BUTTON But"ton, n. Etym: [OE. boton, botoun, F. bouton button, bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. bouter to push. See Butt an end.]

1. A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass.

2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; — used also for ornament.

3. A bud; a germ of a plant. Shak.

4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a door.

5. A globule of metal remaining onan assay cupel or in a crucible, after fusion. Button hook, a hook for catching a button and drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and gloves. — Button shell (Zoöl.), a small, univalve marine shell of the genus Rotella. — Button snakeroot. (Bot.) (a) The American composite genus Liatris, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers. (b) An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow leaves, and flowers in dense heads. — Button tree (Bot.), a genus of trees (Conocarpus), furnishing durable timber, mostly natives of the West Indies. — To hold by the button, to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; to buttonhole.

BUTTON But"ton, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Buttoning.] Etym: [OE. botonen, OF. botoner, F. boutonner. See Button, n.]

1. To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons; — often followed by up. He was a tall, fat, long-bodied man, buttoned up to the throat in a tight green coat. Dickens.

2. To dress or clothe. [Obs.] Shak.

BUTTON But"ton, v. i.

Defn: To be fastened by a button or buttons; as, the coat will not button.

BUTTONBALL But"ton*ball`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Buttonwood.

BUTTONBUSH But"ton*bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Cephalanthus occidentalis) growing by the waterside; - - so called from its globular head of flowers. See Capitulum.

BUTTONHOLE But"ton*hole`, n.

Defn: The hole or loop in which a button is caught.

BUTTONHOLE But"ton*hole`, v. t.

Defn: To hold at the button or buttonhole; to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; as, he buttonholed me a quarter of an hour.

BUTTONMOLD But"ton*mold`, n.

Defn: A disk of bone, wood, or other material, which is made into a button by covering it with cloth. [Written also buttonmould.] Fossil buttonmolds, joints of encrinites. See Encrinite.

BUTTONS But"tons, n.

Defn: A boy servant, or page, — in allusion to the buttons on his livry. [Colloq.] Dickens.

BUTTONWEED But"ton*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several plants of the genera Spermacoce and Diodia, of the Madder family.

BUTTONWOOD But"ton*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Platanus occidentalis, or American plane tree, a large tree, producing rough balls, from which it is named; — called also buttonball tree, and, in some parts of the United States, sycamore. The California buttonwood is P. racemosa.

BUTTONY But"ton*y, a.

Defn: Ornamented with a large number of buttons. "The buttony boy." Thackeray. "My coat so blue and buttony." W. S. Gilbert.

BUTTRESS But"tress, n. Etym: [OE. butrasse, boterace, fr. F. bouter to push; cf. OF. bouteret (nom. sing. and acc. pl. bouterez) buttress. See Butt an end, and cf. Butteris.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and symmetry.

Note: When an external projection is used merely to stiffen a wall, it is a pier.

2. Anything which supports or strengthens. "The ground pillar and buttress of the good old cause of nonconformity." South. Flying buttress. See Flying buttress.

BUTTRESS But"tress, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttressed (p. pr. & vb. n. Buttressing.]

Defn: To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly. To set it upright again, and to prop and buttress it up for duration. Burke.

BUTT SHAFT Butt" shaft`

Defn: An arrow without a barb, for shooting at butts; an arrow. [Also but shaft.] Shak.

BUTT WELD Butt" weld`.

Defn: See Butt weld, under Butt.

BUTTWELD Butt"weld`, v. t.

Defn: To unite by a butt weld.

BUTTY But"ty, n. (Mining)

Defn: One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or ore.

BUTYL Bu"tyl, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter + -yl. See Butter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen.

BUTYLAMINE Bu`tyl*am"ine, n. [Butyric + -yl + amine.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid base, C4H9NH2, of which there are four isomeric varieties.

BUTYLENE Bu"ty*lene, n. Etym: [From Butyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric hydrocarbons, C4H8, of the ethylene series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable.

BUTYRACEOUS Bu`ty*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.]

Defn: Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter.

BUTYRATE Bu"ty*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of butyric acid.

BUTYRIC Bu*tyr"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, butter. Butyric acid, C3H7.CO2H, an acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste, like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric acids, called in distinction the normal- and iso-butyric acid. The normal butyric acid is the one common in rancid butter.

BUTYRIN Bu"ty*rin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A butyrate of glycerin; a fat contained in small quantity in milk, which helps to give to butter its peculiar flavor.

BUTYROMETER Bu`ty*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the amount of fatty matter or butter contained in a sample of milk.

BUTYRONE Bu"ty*rone, n. Etym: [Butyric + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid ketone obtained by heating calcium butyrate.

BUTYROUS Bu"ty*rous, a.

Defn: Butyraceous.

BUTYRYL Bu"ty*ryl, n. [Butyric + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical (C4H7O) of butyric acid.

BUXEOUS Bux"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. buxeus, fr. buxus the box tree.]

Defn: Belonging to the box tree.

BUXINE Bux"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the Buxus sempervirens, or common box tree. It is identical with bebeerine; — called also buxina.

BUXOM Bux"om, a. Etym: [OE. buxum, boxom, buhsum, pliable, obedient, AS. bocsum, buhsum (akin to D. buigzaam blexible, G. biegsam); bugan to bow, bend + -sum, E. -some. See Bow to bend, and -some.]

1. Yielding; pliable or compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek; humble. [Obs.] So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be, And buxom to his bands, is joy to see. Spenser. I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever buxom and obedient to the ordinance of it. Foxe.

2. Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and comeliness, combined with a gay, lively manner; stout and rosy; jolly; frolicsome. A daughter fair, So buxom, blithe, and debonair. Milton. A parcel of buxom bonny dames, that were laughing, singing, dancing, and as merry as the day was long. Tatler. — Bux"om*ly, adv. — Bux"om*ness, n.

BUY Buy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bought; p. pr. & vb. n. Buying.] Etym: [OE. buggen, buggen, bien, AS. bycgan, akin to OS. buggean, Goth. bugjan.]

1. To acquire the ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price or consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by the payment of a price or value; to purchase; — opposed to sell. Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy necessaries. B. Franklin.

2. To acquire or procure by something given or done in exchange, literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or sacrifice; to buy pleasure with pain. Buy the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding. Prov. xxiii. 23. To buy again. See Againbuy. [Obs.] Chaucer. — To buy off. (a) To influence to compliance; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration; as, to buy off conscience. (b) To detach by a consideration given; as, to buy off one from a party. — To buy out (a) To buy off, or detach from. Shak. (b) To purchase the share or shares of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place; as, A buys out B. (c) To purchase the entire stock in trade and the good will of a business. — To buy in, to purchase stock in any fund or partnership. — To buy on credit, to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law, to make payment at a future day. — To buy the refusal (of anything), to give a consideration for the right of purchasing, at a fixed price, at a future time.

BUY Buy, v. i.

Defn: To negotiate or treat about a purchase. I will buy with you, sell with you. Shak.

BUYER Buy"er, n.

Defn: One who buys; a purchaser.

BUZ Buz, v. & n.

Defn: See Buzz. [Obs.]

BUZZ Buzz, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Buzzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Buzzing.] Etym: [An onomatopoeia.]

Defn: To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low, humming voice. Like a wasp is buzzed, and stung him. Longfellow. However these disturbers of our peace Buzz in the people's ears. Shak.

BUZZ Buzz, v. t.

1. To sound forth by buzzing. Shak.

2. To whisper; to communicate, as tales, in an under tone; to spread, as report, by whispers, or secretly. I will buzz abroad such prophecies That Edward shall be fearful of his life. Shak.

3. To talk to incessantly or confidentially in a low humming voice. [Colloq.]

4. (Phonetics)

Defn: To sound with a "buzz". H. Sweet.

BUZZ Buzz, n.

1. A continuous, humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of general conversation in low tones, or of a general expression of surprise or approbation. "The constant buzz of a fly." Macaulay.

I found the whole room in a buzz of politics. Addison. There is a buzz all around regarding the sermon. Thackeray.

2. A whisper; a report spread secretly or cautiously. There's a certain buzz Of a stolen marriage. Massinger.

3. (Phonetics)

Defn: The audible friction of voice consonants. H. Sweet.

BUZZARD Buz"zard, n.Etym: [O.E. busard, bosard, F. busard, fr. buse, L. buteo, a kind of falcon or hawk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of prey of the Hawk family, belonging to the genus Buteo and related genera.

Note: The Buteo vulgaris is the common buzzard of Europe. The American species (of which the most common are B. borealis, B. Pennsylvanicus, and B. lineatus) are usually called hen hawks. — The rough-legged buzzard, or bee hawk, of Europe (Pernis apivorus) feeds on bees and their larvæ, with other insects, and reptiles. — The moor buzzard of Europe is Circus æruginosus. See Turkey buzzard, and Carrion buzzard. Bald buzzard, the fishhawk or osprey. See Fishhawk.

2. A blockhead; a dunce. It is common, to a proverb, to call one who can not be taught, or who continues obstinately ignorant, a buzzard. Goldsmith.

BUZZARD Buz"zard, a.

Defn: Senseless; stupid. [R.& Obs.] Milton.

BUZZARDET Buz"zard*et`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hawk resembling the buzzard, but with legs relatively longer.

BUZZER Buzz"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, buzzes; a whisperer; a talebearer. And wants not buzzers to infect his ear With pestilent speeches of his father's death. Shak.

BUZZINGLY Buzz"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a buzzing manner; with a buzzing sound.

BUZZSAW Buzz"saw`

Defn: A circular saw; — so called from the buzzing it makes when running at full speed.

BY By, prep. Etym: [OE. bi, AS. bi, big, near to, by, of, from, after, according to; akin to OS.& OFries. bi, be, D. bij, OHG. bi, G. bie, Goth. bi, and perh. Gr.. E. prefix be- is orig.the same word. pref. Be-.]

1. In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me. By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both. Milton.

2. On; along; in traversing. Compare 5. Long labors both by sea and land he bore. Dryden. By land, by water, they renew the charge. Pope.

3. Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church.

4. Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty.

5. Against. [Obs.] Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4].

6. With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force.

Note: To the meaning of by, as denoting means or agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses of the word: (a) It points out the author and producer; as, "Waverley", a novel by Sir W.Scott; a statue by Canova; a sonata by Beethoven. (b) In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you by all that is sacred; he swears by his faith as a Christian; no, by Heaven. (c) According to; by direction, authority, or example of; after; — in such phrases as, it appears by his account; ten o'clock by my watch; to live by rule; a model to build by. (d) At the rate of; according to the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to sell cloth by the yard, milk by the quart, eggs by the dozen, meat by the pound; to board by the year. (e) In comparison, it denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or diminution; as, larger by a half; older by five years; to lessen by a third. (f) It expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within the period of; as, by day, by night. (g) As soon as; not later than; near or at; — used in expressions of time; as, by this time the sun had risen; he will be here by two o'clock.

Note: In boxing the compass, by indicates a pint nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north by east, i.e., a point towards the east from the north; northeast by east, i.e., on point nearer the east than northeast is.

Note: With is used instead of by before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat one with a stick; the board was fastened by the carpenter with nails. But there are many words which may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as instruments; and whether with or by shall be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town by famine; to consume stubble with fire; he gained his purpose by flattery; he entertained them with a story; he distressed us with or by a recital of his sufferings. see With. By all means, most assuredly; without fail; certainly. — By and by. (a) Close together (of place). [Obs.] "Two yonge knightes liggyng [lying] by and by." Chaucer. (b) Immediately; at once. [Obs.] "When . . . persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended." Matt. xiii. 21. (c) Presently; pretty soon; before long.

Note: In this phrase, by seems to be used in the sense of nearness in time, and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to "soon, and soon," that is instantly; hence, — less emphatically, — pretty soon, presently. — By one's self, with only one's self near; alone; solitary.- By the bye. See under Bye. — By the head (Naut.), having the bows lower than the stern; — said of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the stern. — By the lee, the situation of a vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the other side. — By the run, to let go by the run, to let go altogether, instead of slacking off. — By the way, by the bye; — used to introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject. -Day by day, One by one, Piece by piece, etc., each day, each one, each piece, etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally. — To come by, to get possession of; to obtain. — To do by, to treat, to behave toward. — To set by, to value, to esteem. — To stand by, to aid, to support.

Note: The common phrase good-by is equivalent to farewell, and would be better written good-bye, as it is a corruption of God be with you (b'w'ye).

BY By, adv.

1. Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time.

2. Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by.

3. Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.

BY By, a.

Defn: Out of the common path; aside; — used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line, by-place, by-play, by-street. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, by-business, by-concernment, by- design, by-interest, etc.

BYARD By"ard, n.

Defn: A piece of leather crossing the breast, used by the men who drag sledges in coal mines.

BY-BIDDER By"-bid`der, n.

Defn: One who bids at an auction in behalf of the auctioneer or owner, for the purpose of running up the price of articles. [U.S.]

BY-BLOW By"-blow`, n.

1. A side or incidental blow; an accidental blow. With their by-blows they did split the very stones in pieces. Bunyan.

2. An illegitimate child; a bastard. The Aga speedily . . . brought her [his disgraced slave] to court, together with her pretty by-blow, the present Padre Ottomano. Evelyn.

BY-CORNER By"-cor`ner, n.

Defn: A private corner. Britain being a by-corner, out of the road of the world. Fuller.

BY-DEPENDENCE By"-de*pend`ence, n.

Defn: An appendage; that which depends on something else, or is distinct from the main dependence; an accessory. Shak.

BY-DRINKING By"-drink`ing, n.

Defn: A drinking between meals. [Obs.]

BYE Bye, n.

1. A thing not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in on or upon the bye, i.e., in passing; indirectly; by implication. [Obs. except in the phrase by the bye.] The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the bye even the discipline of the Church of England. Fuller.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: A run made upon a missed ball; as, to steal a bye. T. Hughes. By the bye, in passing; by way of digression; apropos to the matter in hand. [Written also by the by.]

BYE Bye n. Etym: [AS.bbygbyggia, b, to dwell sq. root97.]

1. A dwelling. Gibson.

2. In certain games, a station or place of an individual player. Emerson.

BY-ELECTION By"-e*lec"tion, n.

Defn: An election held by itself, not at the time of a general election.

BY-END By"-end`, n.

Defn: Private end or interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage. [Written also bye-end.] "Profit or some other by-end." L'Estrange.

BYGONE By"gone`, a.

Defn: Past; gone by. "Bygone fooleries." Shak

BYGONE By"gone`, n.

Defn: Something gone by or past; a past event. "Let old bygones be" Tennyson. Let bygones be bygones, let the past be forgotten.

BY-INTEREST By"-in`ter*est, n.

Defn: Self-interest; private advantage. Atterbury.

BYLAND By"land, n.

Defn: A peninsula. [Obs.]

BYLANDER By"land*er, n.

Defn: See Bilander.[Obs.]

BY-LANE By"-lane`, n.

Defn: A private lane, or one opening out of the usual road.

BY-LAW By"-law` (, n. Etym: [Cf.Sw.bylag, D.bylov, Icel.b, fr.Sw.& Dan. by town, Icel. bær, byr (fr. bûa to dwell) + the word for law; hence, a law for one town, a special law. Cf.Birlaw and see Law.]

1. A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a corporation for its own government. There was likewise a law to restrain the by-laws, or ordinances of corporations. Bacon. The law or institution; to which are added two by-laws, as a comment upon the general law. Addison.

2. A law that is less important than a general law or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a constitution and by-laws for the government of their members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by by, meaning secondary or aside.

BY-NAME By"-name`, n.

Defn: A nickname. Camden.

BYNAME By"name`, v. t.

Defn: To give a nickname to. Camden.

BY-PASS By"-pass, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A by-passage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert circulation from the usual course.

BY-PASSAGE By"-pas`sage, n.

Defn: A passage different from the usual one; a byway.

BY-PAST By"-past, a.

Defn: Past; gone by. "By-past perils." Shak.

BYPATH By"path`, n.; pl. Bypaths(

Defn: A private path; an obscure way; indirect means. God known, my son, By what bypaths, and indirect crooked ways, I met this crown. Shak.

BY-PLACE By"-place` (, n.

Defn: A retired or private place.

BYPLAY By"play, n.

Defn: Action carried on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action proceeds.

BY-PRODUCT By"-prod`uct, n.

Defn: A secondary or additional product; something produced, as in the course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal product.

BYRE Byre, n. Etym: [Cf, Icel. bür pantry, Sw. bur cage,Dan. buur, E.bower.]

Defn: A cow house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.]

BY-RESPECT By"-re*spect`, n.

Defn: Private end or view; by-interest. [Obs.] Dryden.

BYROAD By"road`, n.

Defn: A private or obscure road. "Through slippery byroads" Swift.

BYRONIC By"ron`ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the style of, Lord Byron. With despair and Byronic misanthropy. Thackeray

BY-ROOM By"-room`, n.

Defn: A private room or apartment. "Stand in some by-room" Shak.

BYSMOTTERED By"*smot`ter*ed, p.a. Etym: [See Besmut.]

Defn: Bespotted with mud or dirt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BY-SPEECH By"-speech`(, n.

Defn: An incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the point. "To quote by-speeches." Hooker.

BY-SPELL By"-spell`(, n. Etym: [AS. bigspell.]

Defn: A proverb. [Obs.]

BYSS Byss, n.

Defn: See Byssus, n., 1.

BYSSACEOUS Bys*sa"ceous, a. Etym: [From Byssus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Byssuslike; consisting of fine fibers or threads, as some very delicate filamentous algæ.

BYSSIFEROUS Bys*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Byssus + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing a byssus or tuft.

BYSSIN Bys"sin, n.

Defn: See Byssus, n., 1.

BYSSINE Bys"sine, a. Etym: [L. byssinus made of byssus, Gr.Byssus.]

Defn: Made of silk; having a silky or flaxlike appearance. Coles.

BYSSOID Bys"soid, a. Etym: [Byssus + -oid.]

Defn: Byssaceous.

BYSSOLITE Bys"so*lite, n. Etym: [Gr.-lite.] (Min.)

Defn: An olive-green fibrous variety of hornblende.

BYSSUS Bys"sus, n.; pl. E. Byssuses(#); L. Byssi.(#) Etym: [L. byssus fine flax, fine linen or cotton, Gr.

1. A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the ancients. It is disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or silk. [Written also byss and byssin.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tuft of long, tough filaments which are formed in a groove of the foot, and issue from between the valves of certain bivalve mollusks, as the Pinna and Mytilus, by which they attach themselves to rocks, etc.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: An obsolete name for certain fungi composed of slender threads.

4. Asbestus.

BYSTANDER By"stand`er, n. Etym: [By + stander, equiv. to stander-by; cf. AS. big-standan to stand by or near.]

Defn: One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with the business transacting. He addressed the bystanders and scattered pamphlets among them. Palfrey.

Syn. — Looker on; spectator; beholder; observer.

BY-STREET By"-street`, n.

Defn: A separate, private, or obscure street; an out of the way or cross street. He seeks by-streets, and saves the expensive coach. Gay.

BY-STROKE By"-stroke`, n.

Defn: An accidental or a slyly given stroke.

BY-TURNING By"-turn`ing, n.

Defn: An obscure road; a way turning from the main road. Sir P. Sidney.

BY-VIEW By"-view`(, n.

Defn: A private or selfish view; self-interested aim or purpose. No by-views of his own shall mislead him. Atterbury.

BY-WALK By"-walk`(, n.

Defn: secluded or private walk. He moves afterward in by-walks. Dryden.

BY-WASH By"-wash`, n.

Defn: The outlet from a dam or reservoir; also, a cut to divert the flow of water.

BYWAY By"way`, n.

Defn: A secluded, private, or obscure way; a path or road aside from the main one. " Take no byways." Herbert.

BY-WIPE By"-wipe`, n.

Defn: A secret or side stroke, as of raillery or sarcasm. Milton.

BYWORD By"word`, n. Etym: [AS.bïword; bï, E.by+word.]

1. A common saying; a proverb; a saying that has a general currency. I knew a wise man that had it for a byword. Bacon.

2. The object of a contemptuous saying. Thou makest us a byword among the heathen. Ps. xliv. 14

BYWORK By"work, n.

Defn: Work aside from regular work; subordinate or secondary business.

BYZANT; BYZANTINE Byz"ant, Byz"an*tine n.Etym: [OE. besant, besaunt, F. besant, fr. LL. Byzantius, Byzantinus, fr. Byzantium.] (Numis.)

Defn: A gold coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. See Bezant.

BYZANTIAN By*zan"tian, a.& n.

Defn: See Byzantine.

BYZANTINE By*zan"tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Byzantium. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of Constantinople. [ Written also Bizantine.] Byzantine church, the Eastern or Greek church, as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church.See under Greek. — Byzantine empire, the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364 or A.D. 395 to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453. — Byzantine historians, historians and writers (Zonaras, Procopius, etc.) who lived in the Byzantine empire. P. Cyc. Byzantine style (Arch.), a style of architecture developed in the Byzantine empire.

Note: Its leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the endless variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark, Venice, are prominent examples of Byzantine architecture.