C (continued 4)

CARBONACEOUS Car"bo*na`ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.

CARBONADE; CARBONADO Car"bo*nade, Car`bo*na"do, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo coal.] (Cookery)

Defn: Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.]

CARBONADO; CARBONADE Car`bo*na"do, Car"bo*nade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonadoing.]

1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil. [Obs.] A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. Bean. & Fl.

2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs.] I'll so carbonado your shanks. Shak.

CARBONADO Car`bo*na"do, n.; pl. Carbonadoes. Etym: [Pg., carbonated.] (Min.)

Defn: A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous.

CARBONARISM Car`bo*na"rism, n.

Defn: The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.

CARBONARO Car`bo*na"ro, n.; pl. Carbonari. Etym: [It., a coal man.]

Defn: A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the government into a republic.

Note: The origin of the Carbonari is uncertain, but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they adopted.

CARBONATATION Car`bon*a*ta"tion, n. Etym: [From Carbonate.] (Sugar Making)

Defn: The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas. Knight.

CARBONATE Car"bon*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.

CARBONATED Car"bon*a`ted, a.

Defn: Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.

CARBONE Car"bone, v. t. Etym: [See Carbonado.]

Defn: To broil. [Obs.] "We had a calf's head carboned". Pepys.

CARBONIC Car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonique. See Carbon.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid H2CO3, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hance called after damp; it is also know as choke damp, and mephilic air. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. — Carbonic oxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of a light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.

CARBONIDE Car"bon*ide, n.

Defn: A carbide. [R.]

CARBONIFEROUS Car`bon*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Carbon + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing carbon or coal. Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age of acrogens, under Acrogen. — Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age or period. See the Diagram under Geology.

CARBONITE Car"bon*ite, n. [Carbon + -ite.]

1.

Defn: An explosive consisting essentially of nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate, as that of sodium.

2. An explosive composed of nitrobenzene, saltpeter, sulphur, and kieselguhr.

CARBONIZATION Car`bon*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonisation.]

Defn: The act or process of carbonizing.

CARBONIZE Car"bon*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. carboniser.]

1. To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.

2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation.

CARBONOMETER Car`bon*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Carbon + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means.

CARBON PROCESS Car"bon process. (Photog.)

Defn: A printing process depending on the effect of light on bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the gelatin and a pigment is called carbon paper or carbon tissue. This is exposed under a negative and the film is transferred from the paper to some other support and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being dissolved away). If the process stops here it is called single transfer; if the image is afterward transferred in order to give an unreversed print, the method is called double transfer.

CARBON STEEL Carbon steel.

Defn: Steel deriving its qualities from carbon chiefly, without the presence of other alloying elements; —opposed to alloy steel.

CARBON TRANSMITTER Carbon transmitter.

Defn: A telephone transmitter in which a carbon contact is used.

CARBONYL Car"bon*yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical (CO)'\'b7, occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.

Note: Though denoted by a formula identical with that of carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl chloride (Chem.), a colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called phosgene gas; — called also carbon oxychloride.

CARBORUNDUM Car`bo*run"dum, [Carbon + corundum.]

Defn: A beautiful crystalline compound, SiC, consisting of carbon and silicon in combination; carbon silicide. It is made by heating carbon and sand together in an electric furnace. The commercial article is dark-colored and iridescent. It is harder than emery, and is used as an abrasive.

CARBORUNDUM CLOTH; CARBORUNDUM PAPER Carborundum cloth or paper.

Defn: Cloth or paper covered with powdered carborundum.

CARBOSTYRIL Car`bo*sty"ril, n. Etym: [Carbon + styrene.]

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.

CARBOXIDE Car*box"ide, n. Etym: [Carbon + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium carboxide. Potassium carboxide, a grayish explosive crystalline compound, C6O6K, obtained by passing carbon monoxide over heated potassium.

CARBOXYL Car*box"yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The complex radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; — called also oxatyl.

CARBOY Car"boy, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael carb basket; or Pers qurabah a sort of bottle.]

Defn: A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; — used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid, etc.

CARBUNCLE Car"bun*cle, n. Etym: [L. carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F. carboncle. See Carbon.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks anthrax; found in the East Indies. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A very painful acute local inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is frequently fatal. It is also called anthrax.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A charge or bearing supposed to represent the precious stone. It has eight scepters or staves radiating from a common center. Called also escarbuncle.

CARBUNCLED Car"bun*cled, a.

1. Set with carbuncles. He has deserves it [armor], were it carbuncled Like holy Phabus' car. Shak.

2. Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked with red sores; pimpled and blotched. "A carbuncled face." Brome.

CARBUNCULAR Car*bun"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red; inflamed.

CARBUNCULATION Car*bun`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. carbunculatio.]

Defn: The blasting of the young buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or caold. Harris.

CARBURET Car"bu*ret, n. Etym: [From Carbon.] (Chem.)

Defn: A carbide. See Carbide [Archaic]

CARBURET Car"bu*ret, v. t. [imp & p. p. Carbureted or Carburetted (p. pr. & vb. n. Carbureting or Carburetting.]

Defn: To combine or to impregnate with carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid hydrocarbon; to carbonize or carburize. By carbureting the gas you may use poorer coal. Knight.

CARBURETANT Car"bu*ret`ant, n.

Defn: Any volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.

CARBURETED Car"bu*ret`ed, a.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with carbon in the manner of a carburet or carbide.

2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile carbon compound; as, water gas is carbureted to increase its illuminating power. [Written also carburetted.] Carbureted hydrogen gas, any one of several gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up illuminating gas. — Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas, CH4; fire damp.

CARBURETOR Car"bu*ret`or, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen, or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order to confer or increase illuminating power. [Written also carburettor.]

CARBURETOR; CARBURETTOR Car"bu*ret`or, Car"bu*ret`tor, n.

Defn: One that carburets; specif., an apparatus in which air or gas is carbureted, as by passing it through a light petroleum oil. The carburetor for a gasoline engine is usually either a surface carburetor, or a float, float-feed, or spray, carburetor. In the former air is charged by being passed over the surface of gasoline. In the latter a fine spray of gasoline is drawn from an atomizing nozzle by a current of air induced by the suction of the engine piston, the supply of gasoline being regulated by a float which actuates a needle valve controlling the outlet of the feed pipe. Alcohol and other volatile inflammable liquids may be used instead of gasoline.

CARBURIZATION Car"bu*ri*za`tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of carburizing.

CARBURIZE Car"bu*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carburized; p. pr. & vb. N. Carburizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; — said esp. of a process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile hydrocarbons.

CARCAJOU Car"ca*jou, n. Etym: [Probably a Canadian French corruption of an Indian name of the wolverene.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wolverence; — also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada lynx, and sometimes to the American badger. See Wolverene.

CARCANET Car"ca*net, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. F. carcan the iron collar or chain of a criminal, a chain of preciousstones, LL. carcannum, fr. Armor. kerchen bosom, neck, kechen collar, fr. kelch circle; or Icel. kverk troat, OHG, querca throat.]

Defn: A jeweled chain, necklace, or collar. [Also written carkenet and carcant.] Shak.

CARCASE Car"case, n.

Defn: See Carcass.

CARCASS Car"cass, n.; pl. Carcasses. [Written also carcase.] Etym: [F. carcasse, fr. It. carcassa, fr. L. caro flesh + capsa chest, box, case. Cf. Carnal, Case a sheath.]

1. A dead body, whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the dead body of a beast. He turned to see the carcass of the lion. Judges xiv. 8. This kept thousands in the town whose carcasses went into the great pits by cartloads. De Foe.

2. The living body; — now commonly used in contempt or ridicule. "To pamper his own carcass." South. Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature. For earthly carcass had a heavenly feature. Oldham.

3. The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky and once comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered or unfinished frame, of a thing. A rotten carcass of a boat. Shak.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A hollow case or shell, filled with combustibles, to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set fire to buldings, ships, etc. A discharge of carcasses and bombshells. W. Iving.

CARCAVELHOS Car`ca*vel"hos, n.

Defn: A sweet wine. See Calcavella.

CARCELAGE Car"ce*lage, n. Etym: [LL. carcelladium, carceragium, fr. L. carcer prison.]

Defn: Prison fees. [Obs.]

CARCEL LAMP Car"cel lamp`. Etym: [Named after Carcel, the inventor.]

Defn: A French mechanical lamp, for lighthouses, in which a superbundance of oil is pumped to the wick tube by clockwork.

CARCERAL Car"cer*al, a. Etym: [L. carceralis, fr. carcer prison.]

Defn: Belonging a prison. [R.] Foxe.

CARCINOLOGICAL Car`ci*no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carcinology.

CARCINOLOGY Car`ci*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The depertment of zoölogy which treats of the Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, etc.); — called also malacostracology and crustaceology.

CARCINOMA Car`ci*no"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A cancer. By some medical writers, the term is applied to an indolent tumor. See Cancer. Dunglison.

CARCINOMATOUS Car`ci*nom"a*tous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carcinoma.

CARCINOSYS Car`ci*no"sys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The affection of the system with cancer.

CARD Card, n. Etym: [F. carte, fr. L. charta paper, Gr. Chart.]

1. A piece of pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses; as, a playing card; a visiting card; a card of invitation; pl. a game played with cards. Our first cards were to Carabas House. Thackeray.

2. A published note, containing a brief statement, explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; as, to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement; as, this will be a good card for the last day of the fair.

3. A paper on which the points of the compass are marked; the dial or face of the mariner's compass. All the quartere that they know I' the shipman's card. Shak.

4. (Weaving)

Defn: A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a loom. See Jacquard.

5. An indicator card. See under Indicator. Business card, a card on which is printed an advertisement or business address. — Card basket (a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by callers. (b) A basket made of cardboard. — Card catalogue. See Catalogue. — Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and displaying business or visiting card. — Card table, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having a leaf which folds over. — On the cards, likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought to pass; — a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common use; also, according to the programme. — Playing card, cards used in playing games; specifically, the cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains fifty-two cards. — To have the cards in one's own hands, to have the winning cards; to have the means of success in an undertaking. — To play one's cards well, to make no errors; to act shrewdly. — To play snow one's cards, to expose one's plants to rivals or foes. — To speak by the card, to speak from information and definitely, not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by the compass card. — Visiting card, a small card bearing the name, and sometimes the address, of the person presenting it.

CARD Card, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carded; p. pr. & vb. n. Carding.]

Defn: To play at cards; to game. Johnson.

CARD Card, n. Etym: [F. carde teasel, the head of a thistle, card, from L. carduus, cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.]

1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and smoothing the hair of animals; — usually consisting of bent wire teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather fastened to a back.

2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered from a carding machine. Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed card used for covering the cylinders of carding machines.

CARD Card, v. t.

1. To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; as, to card wool; to card a horse. These card the short comb the longer flakes. Dyer.

2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card. [Obs.] This book [must] be carded and purged. T. Shelton.

3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article. [Obs.] You card your beer, if you guests being to be drunk. — half small, half strong. Greene.

Note: In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the process of carding disentangles and collects together all the fibers, of whatever length, and thus differs from combing, in which the longer fibers only are collected, while the short straple is combed away. See Combing.

CARDAMINE Car"da*mine, n. Etym: [L. cardamina, Gr. cardamine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock, cuckooflower, bitter cress, meadow cress, etc.

CARDAMOM Car"da*mom, n. Etym: [L. cardamonun, Gr.

1. The aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and much used as a condiment, and in medicine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which prduces cardamoms, esp. Elettaria Cardamomum and several of Amommum.

CARDBOARD Card"board, n.

Defn: A stiff compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making cards, etc., often having a polished surface.

CARDCASE Card"case`, n.

Defn: A case for visiting cards.

CARDECU Car"de*cu, n. Etym: [Corrupt, from F. quart d'écu.]

Defn: A quarter of a crown. [Obs.] The bunch of them were not worth a cardecu. Sir W. Scott.

CARDER Card"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc. Shak.

CARDIA Car"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The heart. (b) The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the esophagus enters it.

CARDIAC Car"di*ac, a. Etym: [L. cardiacus, Gr. , fr. cardiaque.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the stomach.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant. Cardiac passion (Med.) cardialgia; heartburn. [Archaic] — Cardiac wheel. (Mach.) See Heart wheel.

CARDIAC Car"di*ac n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.

CARDIACAL Car*di"a*cal, a.

Defn: Cardiac.

CARDIACLE Car"di*a*cle, n.

Defn: A pain about the heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARDIAGRAPH Car"di*a*graph, n.

Defn: See Cardiograph.

CARDIALGLA; CARDIALGY Car`di*al"gl*a, Car"di*al`gy, n. Etym: [NL. cardialgia, fr. Gr. cardialgie.] (Med.)

Defn: A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc palpitation; heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.

CARDIGAN JACKET Car"di*gan jack`et. Etym: [From the Earl of Cardigan, who was famous in the Crimean campaign of 1854-55.]

Defn: A warm jacket of knit worsted with or without sleeves.

CARDINAL Car"di*nal, a. Etym: [L. cardinalis, fr. cardo the hing of a door, that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F. cardinal.]

Defn: Of fundamental importance; preëminet; superior; chief; principal. The cardinal intersections of the zodiac. Sir T. Browne. Impudence is now a cardinal virtue. Drayton. But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye. Shak. Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two, three, etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers. — Cardinal points (a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. — Cardinal signs (Astron.) Aries, Lidra, Cancer, and Capricorn. — Cardinal teeth (Zoöl.), the central teeth of bivalve shell. See Bivalve. — Cardinal veins (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the heart. They remain through life in some fishes. — Cardinal virtues, preëminent virtues; among the ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude. — Cardinal winds, winds which blow from the cardinal points due north, south, east, or west.

CARDINAL Car"di*nal, n. Etym: [F. carinal, It. cardinale, LL. cardimalis (ecclesiæ Romanæ). See Cardinal, a.]

Defn: 1. (R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical prince who constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college. The clerics of the supreme Chair are called Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things are moved. Pope Leo IX.

Note: The cardinals are appointed by the pope. Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.

2. A woman's short cloak with a hood. Where's your cardinal! Make haste. Lloyd.

3. Mulled red wine. Hotten.

Cardinal bird, or Cardinal grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American song bird (Cardinalis cardinalis, or C. Virginianus), of the family Fringillidæ, or finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those of a fife. Other related species are also called cardinal birds. — Cardinal flower (Bot.), an herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis) bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty. — Cardinal red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat, etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and crimson.

CARDINALATE Car"di*nal*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cardinalat, LL. cardinalatus.]

Defn: The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.

CARDINALIZE Car"di*nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To exalt to the office of a cardinal. Sheldon.

CARDINALSHIP Car"di*nal*ship, n.

Defn: The condition, dignity, of office of a cardinal

CARDING Card"ing, a.

1. The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc., bycarding it. See the Note under Card, v. t.

2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from the carding machine. Carding engine, Carding machine, a machine for carding cotton, wool, or other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with each other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite directions, The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls called sivers.

CARDIOGRAM Car"di*o*gram`, n. [Gr. heart + -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The curve or tracing made by a cardiograph.

CARDIOGRAPH Car"di*o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest, will register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of the heart's movements.

CARDIOGRAPHIC Car`di*o*graph"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a cardiograph.

CARDIOGRAPHY Car`di*og"ra*phy, n.

1. Description of the heart.

2. (Physiol.) Examination by the cardiograph.

CARDIOID Car"di*oid, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Math.)

Defn: An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart.

CARDIOINHIBITORY Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Checking or arresting the heart's action.

CARDIOLGY Car`di*ol"*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -ology.]

Defn: The science which treats of the heart and its functions.

CARDIOMETRY Car`di*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.] (Med.)

Defn: Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or auscultation.

CARDIOSCLEROSIS Car"di*o*scle*ro"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. heart + sclerosis.]

Defn: Induration of the heart, caused by development of fibrous tissue in the cardiac muscle.

CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph, n.

Defn: A combination of cardiograph and shygmograph.

CARDITIS Car*di"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis: cf. F. cardile.] (Med)

Defn: Inflammation of the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart. See Endocardris and Pericarditis. Dunglison.

CARDO Car"do, n.; pl. Cardies.) Etym: [L., a hinge.] (Zoöl.) (a) The basal joint of the maxilla in insects. (b) The hinge of a bivalve shell.

CARDOL Car"dol, n. Etym: [NL. Anacardium generic name of the cashew + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow oil liquid, extracted from the shell of the cashew nut.

CARDOON Car*doon", n. Etym: [F. cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle, fr. L. carduus, cardus, LL. cardo. See 3d Card.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large herbaceos plant (Cynara Cardunculus) related to the artichoke; — used in cookery and as a sald.

CARE Care, n. Etym: [AS. caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara sorrow Goth. kara lament, and to Gr. . Not akin to cure. Cf. Chary.]

1. A burdensome sense of responsibility; trouble caused by onerous duties; anxiety; concern; solicitude. Care keeps his wath in every old man's eye, And where care lodges, sleep will never lie. Shak.

2. Charge, oversight, or management, implying responsibility for safety and prosperity. The care of all the churches. 2 Car. xi. 28 Him thy care must be to find. Milton. Perlexed with a thousand cares. Shak.

3. Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness; watchfulness; as, take care; have a care. I thank thee for thy care and honest pains. Shak.

4. The object of watchful attention or anxiety. Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved cares. Spenser.

Syn. — Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard; management; direction; oversight. — Care, Anxiety, Solicitude, Concern. These words express mental pain in different degress. Care belongs primarily to the intellect, and becomes painful from overburdened thought. Anxiety denotes a state of distressing uneasiness fron the dread of evil. Solicitude expresses the same feeling in a diminished dagree. Concern is opposed to indifference, and implies exercise of anxious thought more or less intense. We are careful about the means, solicitous and anxious about the end; we are solicitous to obtain a good, axious to avoid an evil.

CARE Care, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cared; p. pr. & vb. n. Caring.] Etym: [AS. cearian. See Care, n.]

Defn: To be anxious or solictous; to be concerned; to have regard or interest; — sometimes followed by an objective of measure. I would not care a pin, if the other three were in. Shak. Master, carest thou not that we perish Mark. iv. 38. To care for. (a) To have under watchful attention; to take care of. (b) To have regard or affection for; to like or love. He cared not for the affection of the house. Tennyson.

CAREEN Ca*reen", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Careened; p. pr. & vb. n. Careening.] Etym: [OF. cariner, F. caréner, fr. OF. carène, the bottom of a ship, keel, fr. L. carina.] (Naut.)

Defn: To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off the keel.

CAREEN Ca*reen" (, v. i.

Defn: To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a wind; to be off the keel.

CAREENAGE Ca*reen"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carénage.] (Naut.) (a) Expense of careening ships. (b) A place for careening.

CAREER Ca*reer", n. Etym: [F. carrière race course, high road, street, fr. L. carrus wagon. See Car.]

1. A race course: the ground run over. To go back again the same career. Sir P. Sidney.

2. A running; full speed; a rapid course. When a horse is running in his full career. Wilkins.

3. General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a pubic character; as, Washington's career as a soldier. An impartial view of his whole career. Macaulay.

4. (Falconary)

Defn: The fight of a hawk.

CAREER Ca*reer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Careered 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Careering]

Defn: To move or run rapidly. areering gayly over the curling waves. W. Irving.

CAREFUL Care"ful, a. Etym: [AS. cearful.]

1. Full of care; anxious; solicitous [Archaic] Be careful [Rev. Ver. "anxious"] for nothing. Phil. iv. 6. The careful plowman doubting stands. Milton.

2. Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to concern, anxiety, or trouble; painful. The careful cold beinneth for to creep. Spenser. By Him that raised me to this careful height. Shak.

3. Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful; cautious; provident; not indifferent heedless, or reckless; — often follower byof, for, or the infinitive; as, careful of money; careful to do right. Thou hast been careful for us with all this care. 2. Kings iv, 13. What could a careful father more have done Dryden.

Syn. — Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful; cautious; circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.

CAREFULLY Care"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a careful manner.

CAREFULNESS Care"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being careful.

CARELESS Care"less, a. Etym: [AS. cearleás.]

1. Free from care or anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted. Spenser. Sleep she as sound as careless infancy. Shak.

2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper care; negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful; regardless. My brother was too careless of his charge. Shak. He grew careless of himself. Steele.

3. Without thought or purpose; without due care; without attention to rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate; spontaneouse; rash; as, a careless throw; a careless expression. He framed the careless rhyme. Beatie.

4. Not receiving care; uncared for. [R.] Their many wounds and careless hatms. Spemser.

Syn. — Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking; inattentive; incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless; inconsiderate; listless.

CARELESSLY Care"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a careless manner.

CARELESSNESS Care"less*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being careless; heedlessness; negligenece; inattention.

CARENE Ca*rene", n. Etym: [LL. carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See Quarantine.] (Ecol.)

Defn: A fast of forty days on bread and water. [Obs.]

CARESS Ca*ress", n. Etym: [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.]

Defn: An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. Wooed her with his soft caresses. Langfellow. He exerted himself to win by indulgence and caresses the hearts of all who were under his command. Macaulay.

CARESS Ca*ress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Caressing.] Etym: [F. caresser, fr. It. carezzare, fr. carezza caress. See Caress., n.]

Defn: To treat with tokens of fondness, affection, or kindness; to touch or speak to in a loving or endearing manner; to fondle. The lady caresses the rough bloodhoun. Sir W. Scott.

Syn. — To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court; flatter. — Caress, Fondle. "We caress by words or actions; we fondle by actions only." Crabb.

CARESSINGLY Ca*ress"ing*ly, ad.

Defn: In caressing manner.

CARET Ca"ret, n. Etym: [L. caret there is wanting, fr. carere to want.]

Defn: A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to indicate that something is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, which belongs in the place marked by the caret.

CARET Ca`ret", n. Etym: [F., a species of tortoise.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.

CARETUNED Care"*tuned, a.

Defn: Weary; mournful. Shak.

CARE-TUNED Care"-tuned, a.

Defn: Weary; mournful. Shak.

CAREWORN Care"worn`, a.

Defn: Worn or burdened with care; as, careworn look or face.

CAREX Ca"rex, n. Etym: [L., sedge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A numerous and widely distributed genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the order Cypreaceæ; the sedges.

CARF Carf,

Defn: pret. of Carve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARGASON Car"ga*son, n. Etym: [F. cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL. cargare to load. See rgo.]

Defn: A cargo. [Obs.]

CARGO Car"go, n.; pl. Cargoes. Etym: [Sp. cargo, carga, burden, load, from cargar to load, from cargar to load, charge, See Charge.]

Defn: The lading or freight of a ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight. Cargoes of food or clothing. E. Everett.

Note: The term cargo, in law, is usually applied to goods only, and not to live animals or persons. Burill.

CARGOOSE Car"goose`, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Gael. & Ir. cir, cior (pronounced kir, kior), crest, comb + E. goose. Cf. Crebe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of grebe (Podiceps crisratus); the crested grebe.

CARIAMA Ça"ri*a"ma, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, long-legged South American bird (Dicholophus cristatus) which preys upon snakes, etc. See Seriema.

CARIB Car"ib, n.; pl. Caries. Etym: [See Cannibal.] (Ethol.)

Defn: A native of the Caribbee islands or the coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and formerly most of the West India islands.

CARIBBEAN; CARIBBEE Car`ib*be"an, Car`ib*bee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies), or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those islands and Central America.

CARIBBEE Car"ib*bee, n.

Defn: A Carib.

CARIBE Ca*ri"be, n. Etym: [Sp. a cannibal.] (Zoöl).

Defn: A south American fresh water fish of the genus Serrasalmo of many species, remakable for its voracity. When numerous they attack man or beast, often with fatal results.

CARIBOU Car"i*bou, n. Etym: [Canadian French.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland species (Rangifer Caribou). Barren Ground caribou. See under Barren. — Woodland caribou, the common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern forests of America.

CARICATURE Car"i*ca*ture, n. Etym: [It. caricatura, fr. caricare to charge, overload, exaggerate. See Charge, v. t.]

1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a picture.

2. A picture or other figure or description in which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura.] The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the one that has most of the look of a caricature. I. Taylor. A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay.

CARICATURE Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caricatured; p. pr. & vb. n. Caricaturing.]

Defn: To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque. He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly hand. Lord Lyttelton.

CARICATURIST Car"i*ca*tu`rist, n.

Defn: One who caricatures.

CARICOUS Car"i*cous, a. Etym: [L. carica a kind of dry fig.]

Defn: Of the shape of a fig; as, a caricous tumor. Graig.

CARIES Ca"ri*es, n.Etym: [L., decay.] (Med.)

Defn: Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which it dies in masses.

CARILLON Car"il*lon, n. Etym: [F. carillon a chime of bells, originally consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr. quatuer four.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys.

2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.

CARINA Ca*ri"na, n. Etym: [L., keel.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A keel. (a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification. (b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The keel of the breastbone of birds.

CARINARIA Car`i*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. carina keel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy, bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills.

CARINATAE Car`i*na"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus. See Carinate.]

Defn: A grand division of birds, including all existing flying birds; — So called from the carina or keel on the breastbone.

CARINATE; CARINATED Car"i*nate, Car"i*na`ted a. Etym: [L. carinatus, fr. carina keel.]

Defn: Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a bird).

CARIOLE Car"i*ole, n. Etym: [F. carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See Car, and Carryall.] (a) A small, light, open one-horse carriage. (b) A covered cart. (c) A kind of calash. See Carryall.

CARIOPSIS Car"i*op"sis, n.

Defn: See Caryopsis.

CARIOSITY Ca`ri*os"i*ty, n. (Med.)

Defn: Caries.

CARIOUS Ca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. cariosus, fr. caries dacay.]

Defn: Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth.

CARK Cark, n. Etym: [OE. cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge; cf. W. carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See Charge, and cf. Cargo.]

Defn: A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.] His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. Spenser. Fling cark and care aside. Motherwell. Ereedom from the cares of money and the cark of fashion. R. D. Blackmore.

CARK Cark, v. i.

Defn: To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to worry or grieve. [R.] Beau. & fl.

CARK Cark, v. t.

Defn: To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry. [R.] Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and cark himself one penny richer. South.

CARKANET Car"ka*net, n.

Defn: A carcanet. Southey.

CARKING Cark"ing, a.

Defn: Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking cares.

CARL Carl, n. Etym: [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG. charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.] [Written also carle.]

1. A rude, rustic man; a churl. The miller was a stout carl. Chaucer.

2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; — called also carl hemp.

3. pl.

Defn: A kind of food. See citation, below. Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday. Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).

CARLIN Car"lin, n. Etym: [Dim., fr. carl male.]

Defn: An old woman. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

CARLINE; CAROLINE Car"line, Car"o*line, n. Etym: [F. carin; cf. It. carlino; — so called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.]

Defn: A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents. Simmonds.

CARLINE; CARLING Car"line, Car"ling n. Etym: [Cf. F. carlingur, Sp. Pg., & It. carlinga.] (Naut.)

Defn: A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers that strengthen a hath; — usually in pl.

CARLINE THISTLE Car"line this`tle. Etym: [F. carline, It., Sp., & Pg., carline, Said to be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.] (Bot.)

Defn: A prickly plant of the genus Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in Europe and Asia.

CARLINGS Car"lings, n. pl.

Defn: Same as Carl, 3. Carling Sunday, a Sunday in Lent when carls are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See Carl, 4.

CARLIST Car"list, n.

Defn: A parisan of Charles X. Of France, or of Dod Carlos of Spain.

CARLOCK Car"lock, n. Etym: [F. carlock, fr. Russ. Karlúk'.]

Defn: A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.

CARLOT Car"lot, n. Etym: [From Carl.]

Defn: A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman. [Obs.] Shak.

CARLOVINGIAN Car`lo*vin"gi*an, a. Etym: [F. Carlovingen.]

Defn: Pertaining to, founded by, of descended from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian race of kings.

CARMAGNOLE Car`ma`gnole", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution. They danced and yelled the carmagnole. Compton Reade.

2. A bombastic report from the French armies.

CARMAN Car"man, n.; pl. Carmen (

Defn: A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car.

CARMELITE; CARMELIN Car"mel*ite, Car"mel*in a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the order of Carmelites.

CARMELITE Car"mel*ite, n.

1. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A friar of a mendicant order (the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel, in Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar.

2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount Carmel.

CAR MILE Car mile. (Railroads)

Defn: A mile traveled by a single car, taken as a unit of computation, as in computing the average travel of each car of a system during a given period.

CAR MILEAGE Car mileage. (Railroads) (a) Car miles collectively. (b) The amount paid by one road the use of cars of another road.

CARMINATED Car"mi*na`ted, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated lake. Tomlinson.

CARMINATIVE Car*min"ative, a. Etym: [NL. carminativus (carminare to card hence to cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool or flax from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf. F. carminatif.]

Defn: Expelling wind from the body; warning; antispasmodic. "Carmenative hot seeds." Dunglison.

CARMINATIVE Car*min"a*tive, n.

Defn: A substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence.

CARMINE Car"mine, n. Etym: [F. carmin (cf. Sp. carmin, It. carminio), contr. from LL. carmesinus purple color. See Crimson.]

1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.

2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; — hence called also carminic acid. Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthaleïns.

CARMINIC Car*min"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or derived from, carmine. Carminic acid. Same as Carmine, 3.

CARMOT Car"mot, n. (Alchemy)

Defn: The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to be composed.

CARNAGE Car"nage, n. Etym: [F. carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals, flesh of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]

1. Flesh of slain animals or men. A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage. Macaulay.

2. Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc. The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit. Macaulay.

CARNAL Car"nal, a. Etym: [L. carnalis, fr. caro, carnis, flesh; akin to Gr. kravya; cf. F. charnel, Of. also carnel. Cf. Charnel.]

1. Of or pertaining to the body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to spiritual. For ye are yet carnal. 1 Car. iii. 3. Not sunk in carnal pleasure. Milton rnal desires after miracles. Trench.

2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody. [Obs.] This carnal cur Preys on the issue of his mother's body. Shak. Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; — used especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man.

CARNALISM Car"nal*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.]

CARNALIST Car"nal*ist, n.

Defn: A sensualist. Burton.

CARNALITY Car*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. carnalitas.]

Defn: The state of being carnal; fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind. Because of the carnality of their hearts. Tillotson.

CARNALIZE Car"nal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carnalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Carnalizing.]

Defn: To make carnal; to debase to carnality. A sensual and carnalized spirit. John Scott.

CARNALLITE Car"nal*lite, n. Etym: [G. carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a Prussian.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits of rock salt.

CARNALLY Car"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually. For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Rom. viii. 6.

CARNAL-MINDED Car"nal-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Worldly-minded.

CARNAL-MINDEDNESS Car"nal-mind"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Grossness of mind.

CARNARY Car"na*ry, n. Etym: [L. carnarium, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: A vault or crypt in connection with a church, used as a repository for human bones disintered from their original burial places; a charnel house.

CARNASSIAL Car*nas"si*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro, carnis, flesh.] (Anat.)

Defn: Adapted to eating flesh. — n.

Defn: A carnassial tooth; especially, the last premolar in many carnivores.

CARNATE Car"nate, a. Etym: [L. carnatus fleshy.]

Defn: Invested with, or embodied in, flesh.

CARNATION Car*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr. caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]

1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink. Her complexion of the delicate carnation. Ld. Lytton.

2. pl. (Paint.)

Defn: Those parts of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is represented in full color; the flesh tints. The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations. Fairholt.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich, spicy scent.

CARNATIONED Car*na"tioned, a.

Defn: Having a flesh color.

CARNAUBA Car*nau"ba, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax palm.

CARNELIAN Car*nel"ian, n. Etym: [For carnelian; influenced by L. carneus fleshy, of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See Cornellan.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often used for seals.

CARNEOUS Car"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. carneus, from caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy. "Carneous fibers." Ray.

CARNEY Car"ney, n. Etym: [Cf. L. carneus flesh.] (Far.)

Defn: A disease of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted animal can not eat.

CARNIC Car"nic, a. [L. caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to flesh; specif. (Physiol. Chem.),

Defn: pertaining to or designating a hydroscopic monobasic acid, C10H15O5N3, obtained as a cleavage product from an acid of muscle tissue.

CARNIFEX Car"ni*fex, n. Etym: [L., fr. caro, carnis, flesh + facere to make.] (Antiq.)

Defn: The public executioner at Rome, who executed persons of the lowest rank; hence, an executioner or hangman.

CARNIFICATION Car`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnification.]

Defn: The act or process of turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.

CARNIFY Car"ni*fy, v. i. Etym: [LL. carnificare, fr. L.o, carnis, flesh + facere to make: cf. F. carnifier.]

Defn: To form flesh; to become like flesh. Sir M. Hale.

CARNIN Car"nin, n. Etym: [L. caro, canis , flesh.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, found in extract of meat, and related to xanthin.

CARNIVAL Car"ni*val, n. Etym: [It. carnevale, prob. for older carnelevale, prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh _ levare to take away, lift up, fr. levis light.]

1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday. The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of. Addison.

2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess. Tennyson. He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their carnival Byron.

CARNIVORA Car*niv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See Carnivorous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws powerful.

CARNIVORACITY Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Greediness of appetite for flesh. [Sportive.] Pope.

CARNIVORE Car`ni*vore, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Carnivora.

CARNIVOROUS Car*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh + varare to devour.]

Defn: Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; (b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; (c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.

CARNOSE; CARNOUS Car*nose, Car"*nous, a. Etym: [L. carnosus, fr. caro, carnis, flesh: cf. OF. carneux, F. charneux.]

1. Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy. A distinct carnose muscle. Ray.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of a fleshy consistence; — applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.

CARNOSITY Car*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnosité.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or fungous growth. Wiseman.

2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering. [Consciences] overgrown with so hard a carnosity. Spelman. The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than capers; yet commended they are for their carnosity. Holland.

CARNOT'S CYCLE Car`not's" cy"cle. [After N. L. S. Carnot, French physicist.] (Thermodynamics)

Defn: An ideal heat-engine cycle in which the working fluid goes through the following four successive operations: (1) Isothermal expansion to a desired point; (2) adiabatic expansion to a desired point; (3) isothermal compression to such a point that (4) adiabatic compression brings it back to its initial state.

CAROB Car"ob, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp. garrobo, al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar. kharrub, Per. Kharnub. Cf. Clgaroba.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; — called also carob tree.

2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; — called also St. John's bread, carob bean, and algaroba bean.

CAROCHE Ca*roche", n. Etym: [OF. carrache, F. carrose from It. carrocio, carrozza, fr. carro, L. carus. See Car.]

Defn: A kind of pleasure carriage; a coach. [Obs.] To mount two-wheeled caroches. Butler.

CAROCHED Ca*roched", a.

Defn: Placed in a caroche. [Obs.] Beggary rides caroched. Massenger.

CAROIGNE Car"oigne, n. Etym: [See Carrion.]

Defn: Dead body; carrion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CAROL Car"ol, n. Etym: [OF. carole a kind of dance wherein many dance together, fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor. koroll, n., korolla, korolli, v., Ir. car music, turn, circular motion, also L. choraula a flute player, charus a dance, chorus, choir.]

1. A round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay. The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. Dryden It was the carol of a bird. Byron.

3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter carol. Heard a carol, mournful, holy. Tennyson. In the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.

4. Joyful music, as of a song. I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old, familiar carol play. Longfellow.

CAROL Car"ol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caroled, or Carolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Caroling, or Carolling.]

1. To praise or celebrate in song. The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness. Milton.

2. To sing, especially with joyful notes. Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious. Prior.

CAROL Car"ol, v. i.

Defn: To sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble. And carol of love's high praise. Spenser. The gray linnets carol from the hill. Beattie.

CAROL; CARROL Car"ol, Car"rol, n. Etym: [OF. carole a sort of circular space, or carol.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small closet or inclosure built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th century. A bay window may thus be called a carol. Parker.

CAROLIN Car"o*lin, n. Etym: [L. Carolus Charles.]

Defn: A former gold coin of Germany worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly five dollars.

CAROLINA PINK Car`o*li"na pink`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Pinkboot.

CAROLINE Car"o*line, n.

Defn: A coin. See Carline.

CAROLING Car"ol*ing, n.

Defn: A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols. Coleridge. Such heavenly notes and carolings. Spenser.

CAROLINIAN Car`o*lin"i*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.

CAROLITIC Car`o*lit"ic, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Adorned with sculptured leaves and branches.

CAROLUS Car"o*lus, n.; pl. E. Caroluses, L. Caroli. Etym: [L., Charles.]

Defn: An English gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings. It was first struck in the reign of Charles I. Told down the crowns and Caroluses. Macawlay.

CAROM Car"om, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. F. carumboler to carom, carambolage a carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.] (Billiards)

Defn: A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England it is called cannon.

CAROM Car"om, v. i. (Billiards)

Defn: To make a carom.

CAROMEL Car"o*mel, n.

Defn: See Caramel.

CAROTEEL Car`o*teel", n. (Com.)

Defn: A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc., usually about 700 lbs. Simmonds.

CAROTIC Ca*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Carotid.]

1. Of or pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic state.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Carotid; as, the carotic arteries.

CAROTID Ca*rot"id, n. Etym: [Gr. carotide. The early Greeks believed that these arteries in some way caused drowsiness.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the two main arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta to the head.

Note: [See Illust. of Aorta.]

CAROTID; CAROTIDAL Ca*rot"id, Ca*rot"id*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; as, the carotid gland.

CAROTIN Ca*ro"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the carrot.

CAROTTE Ca`rotte", n. [F., prop., carrot.]

Defn: A cylindrical roll of tobacco; as, a carotte of perique.

CAROUSAL Ca*rous"al, n. Etym: [See Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel tilt.]

Defn: A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse. The swains were preparing for a carousal. Sterne.

Syn. — Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See Feast.

CAROUSE Ca*rouse", n. Etym: [F. carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G. garaus finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in drinking a health; gar entirely + aus out. See Yare, and Out.]

1. A large draught of liguor. [Obs.] "A full carouse of sack." Sir J. Davies. Drink carouses to the next day's fate. Shak.

2. A drinking match; a carousal. The early feast and late carouse. Pope.

CAROUSE Ca*rouse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caroused; p. pr. & vb. n. Carousing.]

Defn: To drink deeply or freely in compliment; to take in a carousal; to engage in drunken revels. He had been aboard, carousing to his mates. Shak.

CAROUSE Ca*rouse" v. t.

Defn: To drink up; to drain; to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic] Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich grape. Denham. Egypt's wanton queen, Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love. Young.

CAROUSER Ca*rous"er, n.

Defn: One who carouses; a reveler.

CAROUSING Ca*rous"ing, a.

Defn: That carouses; relating to a carouse.

CAROUSINGLY Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a carouser.

CARP Carp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carped; p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.] Etym: [OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel. karpa to boast), but influenced later by L. carpere to pluck, calumniate.]

1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without reason or ill-naturedly; — usually followed by at. Carping and caviling at faults of manner. Blackw. Mag. And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert.

CARP Carp, v. t.

1. To say; to tell. [Obs.]

2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] Dryden.

CARP Carp, n.; pl. Carp, formerly Carps. Etym: [Cf. Icel. karfi, Dan. karpe, Sw. karp, OHG. charpho, G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL. carpa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other species of Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan carp.

Note: The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the leather carp, which is nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties occur. Carp louse (Zoöl.), a small crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See Branchiura. — Carp mullet (Zoöl.), a fish (Moxostoma carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers. — Carp sucker (Zoöl.), a name given to several species of fresh- water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; — called also quillback.

CARPAL Car"pal, a. Etym: [From Carpus.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist. — n.

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale. Carpal angle (Zoöl.), the angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.

CARPALE Car*pa"le, n.; pl. Carpalia. Etym: [NL., fr. E. carpus.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series articulating with the metacarpals.

CARPATHIAN Car*pa"thi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east, and south.

CARPEL; CARPELLUM Car"pel, Car*pel"lum, n. Etym: [NL. carpellum, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust of Carpaphore.

CARPELLARY Car"pel*la"ry, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, forming, or containing carpels.

CARPENTER Car"pen*ter, n. Etym: [OF. carpentier, F. charpentier, LL. carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon, carriage.]

Defn: An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of houses, ships, etc.

Syn. — Carpenter, Joiner. The carpenter frames and puts together roofs, partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The joiner Supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces, cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building. In America the two trades are commonly united. Carpenter ant (Zoöl.), any species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is Formica Pennsylvanica. — Carpenter bee (Zoöl.), a large hymenopterous insect of the genus Xylocopa; — so called because it constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber. The common American species is Xylocopa Virginica.

CARPENTERING Car"pen*ter*ing, n.

Defn: The occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of workingin timber; carpentry.

CARPENTRY Car"pen*try, n. Etym: [F. charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See Carpenter.]

1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, as in the construction of buildings.

2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by being framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work done by a carpenter.

CARPER Carp"er, n.

Defn: One who carps; a caviler. Shak.

CARPET Car"pet, n. Etym: [OF. carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug, blanket), LL. carpeta, carpita, woolly cloths, fr. L. carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf. Gr. Harvest.]

1. A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for tables. Tables and beds covered with copes instead of carpets and coverlets. T. Fuller.

2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting a carpet. "The grassy carpet of this plain." Shak. Carpet beetle or Carpet bug (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Anthrenus scrophulariæ), which, in the larval state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; — also called buffalo bug. — Carpet knight. (a) A knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person. Shak. (b) One made a knight, for some other than military distinction or service. — Carpet moth (Zoöl.), the larva of an insect which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several kinds. Some are the larvæ of species of Tinea (as T. tapetzella); others of beetles, esp. Anthrenus. — Carpet snake (Zoöl.), an Australian snake. See Diamond snake, under Diamond. — Carpet sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping carpets. — To be on the carpet, to be under consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in sight; — an expression derived from the use of carpets as table cover. — Brussels carpet. See under Brussels.

CARPET Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carpeting.]

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or carpets. Carpeted temples in fashionable squares. E. Everett.

CARPETBAG Car"pet*bag`, n.

Defn: A portable bag for travelers; — so called because originally made of carpet.

CARPETBAGGER Car"pet*bag"ger, n.

Defn: An adventurer; — a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the United States after the Civil War (1865). [U. S.]

CARPETING Car"pet*ing, n.

Defn: 1. The act of covering with carpets.

2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in general. The floor was covered with rich carpeting. Prescott.

CARPETLESS Car"pet*less, a.

Defn: Without a carpet.

CARPETMONGER Car"pet*mon`ger, n.

1. One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets.

2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant. Shak.

CARPETWAY Car"pet*way`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: A border of greensward left round the margin of a plowed field. Ray.

CARPHOLOGY Car*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. carphologie.] (Med.)

Defn: See Flaccillation.

CARPING Carp"ing, a.

Defn: Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See Captious. — Carp"ing*ly, adv.

CARPINTERO Car`pin*te"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., a carpenter, a woodpecker.]

Defn: A california woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), noted for its habit of inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The acorns become infested by insect larvæ, which, when grown, are extracted for food by the bird.

CARPOGENIC Car`po*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Productive of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.

CARPOLITE Car"po*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, cf. F. carpolithe.]

Defn: A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.

CARPOLOGICAL Car`po*log"i*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carpology.

CARPOLOGIST Car*pol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who describes fruits; one versed in carpology.

CARPOLOGY Car*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That branch of botany which relates to the structure of seeds and fruit.

CARPOPHAGOUS Car*poph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Living on fruits; fruit-consuming.

CARPOPHORE Car"po*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the carpels, as in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.

CARPOPHYLL Car"po*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A leaf converted into a fruit or a constituent portion of a fruit; a carpel.

Note: [See Illust. of Gymnospermous.]

CARPOPHYTE Car"po*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A flowerless plant which forms a true fruit as the result of fertilization, as the red seaweeds, the Ascomycetes, etc.

Note: The division of alge and fungi into four classes called Carpophytes, Oöphytes, Protophytes, and Zygophytes (or Carposporeæ, Oösporeæ, Protophyta, and Zygosporeæ) was proposed by Sachs about 1875.

CARPOSPORE Car"po*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. -spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of spore formed in the conceptacles of red algæ. — Car`po*spor"ic (, a.

CARPUS Car"pus, n.; pl. Carpi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The wrist; the bones or cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two rows.

CARRACK Car"rack, n.

Defn: See Carack.

CARRAGEEN; CARRIGEEN Car"ra*geen`, Car"ri*geen`, n.

Defn: A small, purplish, branching, cartilaginous seaweed (Chondrus crispus), which, when bleached, is the Irish moss of commerce. [Also written carragheen, carageen.]

CARRANCHA Car*ran"cha, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Brazilian kite (Polyborus Brasiliensis); — so called in imitation of its notes.

CARRAWAY Car"ra*way, n.

Defn: See Caraway.

CARREL Car"rel, n.

Defn: See Quarrel, an arrow.

CARREL Car"rel, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as 4th Carol.

CARRIABLE Car"ri*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being carried.

CARRIAGE Car"riage, n. Etym: [OF. cariage luggage, carriage, chariage carriage, cart, baggage, F. charriage, cartage, wagoning, fr. OF. carier, charier, F. charrier, to cart. See Carry.]

1. That which is carried; burden; baggage. [Obs.] David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage. 1. Sam. xvii. 22. And after those days we took up our carriages and went up to Jerusalem. Acts. xxi. 15.

2. The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying. Nine days employed in carriage. Chapman.

3. The price or expense of carrying.

4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a) A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and comfort. (b) A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried or supported; as, a bell carriage.

5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing; deportment; personal manners. His gallant carriage all the rest did grace. Stirling.

6. The act or manner of conducting measures or projects; management. The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak. Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a carriage. — Carriage porch (Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those who alight from vehicles at the door; — sometimes erroneously called in the United States porte-cochère.

CARRIAGEABLE Car"riage*a*ble, a.

Defn: Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in carriages. [R.] Ruskin.

CARRIBOO Car"ri*boo, n.

Defn: See Caribou.

CARRICK Car"rick, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A carack. See Carack. Carrick bend (Naut.), a kind of knot, used for bending together hawsers or other ropes. — Carrick bitts (Naut.), the bitts which support the windlass. Totten.

CARRIER Car"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Carry.]

1. One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger. The air which is but . . . a carrier of the sounds. Bacon.

2. One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster. The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with rich manufactures. Swift.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: That which drives or carries; as: (a) A piece which communicates to an object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. (b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a position from which it can be thrust into the barrel. Carrier pigeon (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a distant point to to its home. — Carrier shell (Zoöl.), a univalve shell of the genus Phorus; — so called because it fastens bits of stones and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost to conceal it. — Common carrier (Law.) See under Common, a.

CARRION Car"ri*on, n. Etym: [OE. caroyne, OF. caroigne, F. charogne, LL. caronia, fr. L. caro flesh Cf. Crone, Crony.]

1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food. They did eat the dead carrions. Spenser.

2. A contemptible or worthless person; — a term of reproach. [Obs.] "Old feeble carrions." Shak.

CARRION Car"ri*on, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion. A prey for carrion kites. Shak. Carrion beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; — also called sexton beetle and burying beetle. There are many kinds, belonging mostly to the family Silphidæ. — Carrion buzzard (Zoöl.), a South American bird of several species and genera (as Ibycter, Milvago, and Polyborus), which act as scavengers. See Caracara. — Carrion crow, the common European crow (Corvus corone) which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.

CARROL Car"rol, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See 4th Carol.

CARROM Car"rom, n. (Billiards)

Defn: See Carom.

CARROMATA Car`ro*ma"ta, n. [Sp. in Phil. I.]

Defn: In the Philippines, a light, two-wheeled, boxlike vehicle usually drawn by a single native pony and used to convey passengers within city limits or for traveling. It is the common public carriage.

CARRONADE Car`ron*ade, n. Etym: [From Carron, in Scotland where it was first made.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of short cannon, formerly in use, designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing, the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions, but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop on its under side.

CARRON OIL Car"ron oil.

Defn: A lotion of linseed oil and lime water, used as an application to burns and scalds; — first used at the Carron iron works in Scotland.

CARROT Car"rot, n. Etym: [F. carotte, fr. L. carota; cf. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous biennial plant (Daucus Carota), of many varieties.

2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.

CARROTY Car"rot*y, a.

Defn: Like a carrot in color or in taste; — an epithet given to reddish yellow hair, etc.

CARROW Car"row, n. Etym: [Ir & Gael. carach cunning.]

Defn: A strolling gamester. [Ireland] Spenser.

CARRY Car"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carried; p. pr. & vb. n. Carrying.] Etym: [OF. carier, charier, F. carrier, to cart, from OF. car, char, F. car, car. See Car.]

1. To convey or transport in any manner from one place to another; to bear; — often with away or off. When he dieth he small carry nothing away. Ps. xiix. 17. Devout men carried Stephen to his burial. Acts viii, 2. Another carried the intelligence to Russell. Macaulay. The sound will be carried, at the least, twenty miles. Bacon.

2. To have or hold as a burden, while moving from place to place; to have upon or about one's person; to bear; as, to carry a wound; to carry an unborn child. If the ideas . . . were carried along with us in our minds. Locke.

3. To move; to convey by force; to impel; to conduct; to lead or guide. Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet. Shak. He carried away all his cattle. Gen. xxxi. 18. Passion and revenge will carry them too far. Locke.

4. To transfer from one place (as a country, book, or column) to another; as, to carry the war from Greece into Asia; to carry an account to the ledger; to carry a number in adding figures.

5. To convey by extension or continuance; to extend; as, to carry the chimney through the roof; to carry a road ten miles farther.

6. To bear or uphold successfully through conflict, as a leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest; to bring to a successful issue; to win; as, to carry an election. "The greater part carries it." Shak. The carrying of our main point. Addison.

7. To get possession of by force; to capture. The town would have been carried in the end. Bacon.

8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ; to show or exhibit; to imply. He thought it carried something of argument in it. Watts. It carries too great an imputation of ignorance. Lacke.

9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or demean; — with the refexive pronouns. He carried himself so insolently in the house, and out of the house, to all persons, that he became odious. Clarendon.

10. To bear the charges or burden of holding or having, as stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to another; as, a merchant is carrying a large stock; a farm carries a mortgage; a broker carries stock for a customer; to carry a life insurance. Carry arms (Mil. Drill), a command of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold his piece in the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of the shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position the soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, at carry. — To carry all before one, to overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted success. — To carry arms (a) To bear weapons. (b) To serve as a soldier. — To carry away. (a) (Naut.) to break off; to lose; as, to carry away a fore-topmast. (b) To take possession of the mind; to charm; to delude; as, to be carried by music, or by temptation. — To carry coals, to bear indignities tamely, a phrase used by early dramatists, perhaps from the mean nature of the occupation. Halliwell. — To carry coals to Newcastle, to take things to a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor. — To carry off (a) To remove to a distance. (b) To bear away as from the power or grasp of others. (c) To remove from life; as, the plague carried off thousands. — To carry on (a) To carry farther; to advance, or help forward; to continue; as, to carry on a design. (b) To manage, conduct, or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry or trade. — To carry out. (a) To bear from within. (b) To put into execution; to bring to a successful issue. (c) To sustain to the end; to continue to the end. — To carry through. (a) To convey through the midst of. (b) To support to the end; to sustain, or keep from falling, or being subdued. "Grace will carry us . . . through all difficulties." Hammond. (c) To complete; to bring to a succesful issue; to succeed. — To carry up, to convey or extend in an upward course or direction; to build. — To carry weight. (a) To be handicapped; to have an extra burden, as when one rides or runs. "He carries weight, he rides a race" Cowper. (b) To have influence.

CARRY Car"ry, v. i.

1. To act as a bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and carry.

2. To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries well.

3. To hold the head; — said of a horse; as, to carry well i. e., to hold the head high, with arching neck.

4. (Hunting)

Defn: To have earth or frost stick to the feet when running, as a hare. Johnson. To carry on, to behave in a wild, rude, or romping manner. [Colloq.]

CARRY Car"ry, n.; pl. Carries.

Defn: A tract of land, over which boats or goods are carried between two bodies of navigable water; a carrying place; a portage. Etym: [U.S.]

CARRYALL Car"ry*all`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. cariole.]

Defn: A light covered carriage, having four wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually drawn by one horse.

CARRYING Car"ry*ing, n.

Defn: The act or business of transporting from one place to another. Carrying place, a carry; a portage. — Carrying trade, the business of transporting goods, etc., from one place or country to another by water or land; freighting. We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying trade. Jay.

CARRYK Car"ryk, n.

Defn: A carack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARRYTALE Car"ry*tale`, n.

Defn: A talebearer. [R.] Shak.

CARSE Carse, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. cars bog, fen. carsen reed, Armor. kars, korsen, bog plant, reed.]

Defn: Low, fertile land; a river valley. [Scot.] Jomieson.

CART Cart, n. Etym: [AS. cræt; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael. cairt, or Icel. kartr. Cf. Car.]

1. A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling on wheels, or a chariot. "Phoebus' cart." Shak.

2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles. Packing all his goods in one poor cart. Dryden.

3. A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen, butchers, atc.

4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage. Cart horse, a horse which draws a cart; a horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads. — Cart load, or Cartload, as much as will fill or load a cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a cubic yard of the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a cart load. — Cart rope, a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any strong rope. — To put (or get or set) the cart before the horse, to invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a cause.

CART Cart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carting.]

1. To carry or convey in a cart.

2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment. She chuckled when a bawd was carted. Prior.

CART Cart, v. i.

Defn: To carry burdens in a cart; to follow the business of a carter.

CARTAGE Cart"age, n.

1. The act of carrying in a cart.

2. The price paid for carting.

CARTBOTE Cart"bote`, n. Etym: [Cart + bote.] (Old Eng. Law.)

Defn: Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making and repairing carts and other instruments of husbandry.

CARTE Carte, n. Etym: [F. See 1st Card.]

1. Bill of fare.

2. Short for Carte de visite.

CARTE BLANCHE Carte` blanche". Etym: [F., fr. OF. carte paper + -blanc, blanche, white. See 1st Card.]

Defn: A blank paper, with a person's signature, etc., at the bottom, given to another person, with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence: Unconditional terms; unlimited authority.

CARTE DE VISITE Carte" de vi*site`, pl. Cartes de visite (. Etym: [F.]

1. A visiting card.

2. A photographic picture of the size formerly in use for a visiting card.

CARTEL Car*tel", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. cartellus a little paper, dim. fr. L. charta. See 1st Card.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An agreement between belligerents for the exchange of prisoners. Wilhelm.

2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat. [Obs.] He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel., Sir W. Scott. Cartel, or Cartel ship, a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and privileged from capture.

CARTEL Car"tel, v. t.

Defn: To defy or challenge. [Obs.] You shall cartel him. B. Jonson.

CARTE QUARTE Carte. Quarte, n. Etym: [F. quarte, prop., a fourth. Cf. Quart.] (Fencing)

Defn: A position in thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the hand turned upward and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's right breast.

CARTER Cart"er, n.

1. A charioteer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of Phalangium; — also called harvestman. (b) A British fish; the whiff.

CARTESIAN Car*te"sian, a. Etym: [From Renatus Cartesius, Latinized from of René Descartes: cf. F. cartésien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the French philosopher René Descartes, or his philosophy. The Cartesion argument for reality of matter. Sir W. Hamilton. Cartesian coördinates (Geom), distance of a point from lines or planes; — used in a system of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes. — Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass figure, used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in changing the specific gravity of bodies. — Cartesion oval (Geom.), a curve such that, for any point of the curve mr + m'r' = c, where r and r' are the distances of the point from the two foci and m, m' and c are constant; — used by Descartes.

CARTESIAN Car*te"sian, n.

Defn: An adherent of Descartes.

CARTESIANISM Car*te"sian*ism, n.

Defn: The philosophy of Descartes.

CARTHAGINIAN Car`tha*gin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Carthage.

CARTHAMIN Car"tha*min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A red coloring matter obtained from the safflower, or Carthamus tinctorius.

CARTHUSIAN Car*thu"sian, n. Etym: [LL. Cartusianus, Cartusiensis, from the town of Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.

CARTHUSIAN Car*thu"sian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Carthusian.

CARTILAGE Car"ti*lage, n. Etym: [L. cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.] (Anat.)

Defn: A translucent, elastic tissue; gristle.

Note: Cartilage contains no vessels, and consists of a homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See Illust under Duplication. Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines the joints. — Cartilage bone (Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage. — Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See Illust. of Thorax.

CARTILAGINEOUS Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. cartilageneus.]

Defn: See Cartilaginous. Ray.

CARTILAGINIFICATION Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. cartilago, -laginis, cartilage + facere to make.]

Defn: The act or process of forming cartilage. Wright.

CARTILAGINOUS Car`ti*lag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. cartilaginosus: cf. F. cartilagineux.]

1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like cartilage.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the sharks.

CARTIST Car"tist, n. [Sp. cartista, fr. carta paper, document (cf. Pg. carta). See Charta; cf. Chartist.]

Defn: In Spain and Portugal, one who supports the constitution.

CARTMAN Cart"man, n.; pl. Cartmen (.

Defn: One who drives or uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.

CARTOGRAM Car"to*gram, n. [F. cartogramme.]

Defn: A map showing geographically, by shades or curves, statistics of various kinds; a statistical map.

CARTOGRAPHER Car*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who make charts or maps.

CARTOGRAPHIC; CARTOGRAPHICAL Car`to*graph"ic, Car`to*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cartography.

CARTOGRAPHICALLY Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By cartography.

CARTOGRAPHY Car*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cartographie. See Card, and - graphy.]

Defn: The act business of forming chart's or maps.

CARTOMANCY Car"to*man`cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cartomancie. See Card, and -mancy.]

Defn: The act of telling fortunes with cards.

CARTON Car"ton, n. Etym: [F. See Cartoon.]

Defn: Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a pasteboard box. Carton pierre (, a species of papier-maché, imitating stone or bronze sculpture. Knight.

CARTOON Car*toon", n. Etym: [F. carton (cf. It. cartons pasteboard, cartoon.); fr. L. charta. See 1st card.]

1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a model for transferring or copying; — used in the making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like; as, the cartoons of Raphael.

2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as , the cartoons of "Puck."

CARTOONIST Car"toon"ist, n.

Defn: One skilled in drawing cartoons.

CARTOUCH Car*touch", n.; pl. Cartouches Etym: [F. cartouche, It. cartuccia, cartoccio, cornet, cartouch, fr. L. charta paper. See 1st Card, and cf. Cartridge.]

1. (Mil.) (a) A roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a cartridge. (b) A cartridge box. (c) A wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon. (d) A gunner's bag for ammunition. (e) A military pass for a soldier on furlough.

2. (Arch.) (a) A cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of a scroll of paper. (b) A tablet for ornament, or for receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.

3. (Egyptian Antiq.)

Defn: An oval figure on monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a sovereign.

CARTRIDGE Car"tridge, n. Etym: [Formerlly cartrage, corrupted fr. F. cartouche. See Cartouch.] (Mil.)

Defn: A complete charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by, a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other material. Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a projectile. — Blank cartrige, a cartridge without a projectile, — Center-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial position usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet. Rim-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate is contained in a rim surrounding its base. — Cartridge bag, a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a charge for a cannon. — Cartridge belt, a belt having pocket for cartridges. — Cartridge box, a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or strap, for holding cartridges. — Cartridge paper. (a) A thick stout paper for inclosing cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper used for covering walls, and also for making drawings upon.

CARTULARY Car"tu*la*ry, n.; pl. Cartularies. Etym: [LL. cartularium, chartularium, fr. L. charta paper: cf. F. cartulaire. See 1st Card.]

1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or church.

Defn:

2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of records or other public papers.

CARTWAY Cart"way`, n.

Defn: A way or road for carts.

CARTWRIGHT Cart"wright`, n. Etym: [Cart + wright.]

Defn: An artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.

CARUCAGE Car"u*cage, n. Etym: [LL. carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr. LL. carruca plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]

1. (Old Eng. Law.)

Defn: A tax on every plow or plowland.

2. The act of plowing. [R.]

CARUCATE Car"u*cate, n. Etym: [LL. carucata, carrucata. See Carucage.]

Defn: A plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a day; — by some said to be about 100 acres. Burrill.

CARUNCLE; CARUNCULA Car"un*cle, Ca*run"cu*la, n. Etym: [L. caruncula a little piece of flesh, dim. of caro flesh.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the small, reddish body, the caruncula lacrymalis, in the inner angle of the eye.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An excrescence or appendage surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A naked, flesh appendage, on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.

CARUNCULAR; CARUNCULOUS Ca*run"cu*lar, Ca*run"cu*lous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with caruncles.

CARUNCULATE; CARUNCULATED Ca*run"cu*late, Ca*run"cu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.

CARUS Ca"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Coma with complete insensibility; deep lethargy.

CARVACROL Car"va*crol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A thick oily liquid, C10H13.OH, of a strong taste and disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway (Carum carui).

CARVE Carve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carved; p. pr. & vb. n. Carving.] Etym: [AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D. kerven, G. kerben, Dan. karve, Sw. karfva, and to Gr. -graphy. Cf. Graphic.]

1. To cut. [Obs.] Or they will carven the shepherd's throat. Spenser.

2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave. Carved with figures strange and sweet. Coleridge.

3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on a tree. An angel carved in stone. Tennyson. We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone. C. Wolfe.

4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to apportion. "To carve a capon." Shak.

5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting. My good blade carved the casques of men. Tennyson. A million wrinkles carved his skin. Tennyson.

6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide. Who could easily have carved themselves their own food. South.

7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan. Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet. Shak. To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut out. "[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . carved out his passage." Shak. Fortunes were carved out of the property of the crown. Macaulay.

CARVE Carve, v. i.

1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures.

2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests.

CARVE Carve, n.

Defn: A carucate. [Obs.] Burrill.

CARVEL Car"vel, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. caravel.]

1. Same as Caravel.

2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber. Sir T. Herbert.

CARVELBUILT Car"vel*built, a. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Having the planks meet flush at the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.

CARVEN Car"ven, a.

Defn: Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved. [Poetic] A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree. Bp. Hall. The carven cedarn doors. Tennyson. A screen of carven ivory. Mrs. Browning.

CARVENE Car"vene, n. Etym: [F. carvi caraway.]

Defn: An oily substance, C10H16, extracted from oil caraway.

CARVER Carv"er, n.

1. One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural adornments, etc. "The carver's chisel." Dodsley. The carver of his fortunes. Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )

2. One who carves or divides meat at table.

3. A large knife for carving.

CARVING Carv"ing, n.

1. The act or art of one who carves.

2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material. "Carving in wood." Sir W. Temple.

3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian carving of the 15th century.

CARVIST Car"vist, n. Etym: [A corruption of carry fist.] (Falconary)

Defn: A hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the hand; a hawk in its first year. Booth.

CARVOL Car"vol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling carvacrol.

CAR WHEEL Car" wheel`,

Defn: A flanged wheel of a railway car or truck.

CARYATIC; CARYATID Car`y*at"ic, Car`y*at"id, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a caryatid.

CARYATID Car`y*at"id, n.; pl. Caryatids Etym: [See Caryatides.]

Defn: (Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster.

CARYATIDES Car`y*at"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch)

Defn: Caryatids.

Note: Corresponding male figures were called Atlantes, Telamones, and Persians.

CARYOPHYLLACEOUS Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.) (a) Having corollas of five petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the pink. (b) Belonging to the family of which the pink and the carnation are the types.

CARYOPHYLLIN Car`y*oph"yl*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless and odorless crystalline substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common camphor.

CARYOPHYLLOUS Car`y*oph"yl*lous, a.

Defn: Caryophyllaceous.

CARYOPSIS Car`y*op"sis, n.; pl. Caryopses. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of wheat, barley, etc.

CASA Ca"sa, n. [Sp. or It., fr. L. casa cabin.]

Defn: A house or mansion. [Sp. Amer. & Phil. Islands]

I saw that Enriquez had made no attempt to modernize the old casa, and that even the garden was left in its lawless native luxuriance. Bret Harte.

CASAL Ca"sal, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal ending.

CASCABEL Cas"ca*bel, n. Etym: [Sp. cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob at the breech end of a cannon.]

Defn: The projection in rear of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all in rear of the base ring.

Note: [See Illust. of Cannon.]

CASCADE Cas*cade", n. Etym: [F. cascade, fr. It. cascata, fr. cascare to ball.]

Defn: A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a cataract. The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade. Longjellow. Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade. Cawper.

CASCADE Cas*cade", v. i.

1. To fall in a cascade. Lowell.

2. To vomit. [Slang] Smollett.

CASCADE METHOD Cas*cade" meth"od. (Physics)

Defn: A method of attaining successively lower temperatures by utilizing the cooling effect of the expansion of one gas in condensing another less easily liquefiable, and so on.

CASCADE SYSTEM Cascade system. (Elec.)

Defn: A system or method of connecting and operating two induction motors so that the primary circuit of one is connected to the secondary circuit of the other, the primary circuit of the latter being connected to the source of supply; also, a system of electric traction in which motors so connected are employed. The cascade system is also called tandem, or concatenated, system; the connection a cascade, tandem, or concatenated, connection, or a concatenation; and the control of the motors so obtained a tandem, or concatenation, control. In the cascade system of traction the cascade connection is used for starting and for low speeds up to half speed. For full speed the short-circuited motor is cut loose from the other motor and is either left idle or (commonly) connected direct to the line.

CASCALHO Cas*cal"ho, n. Etym: [Pg., a chip of stone, gravel.]

Defn: A deposit of pebbles, gravel, and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually found.

CASCARA BUCKTHORN Cas"ca*ra buck"thorn`. (Bot.)

Defn: The buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshiana) of the Pacific coast of the United States, which yields cascara sagrada.

CASCARA SAGRADA Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshianus), used as a mild cathartic or laxative.

CASCARILLA Cas`ca*ril"la, n.Etym: [Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of cáscara bark.] (Bot.)

Defn: A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub (Croton Eleutheria); also, its aromatic bark. Cascarilla bark (or Cascarila) (Med.), the bark of Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to occasion vertigo and intoxication.

CASCARILLIN Cas`ca*ril"lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystallizable, bitter substance extracted from oil of cascarilla.

CASCARON Cas`ca*ron", n. [Sp. cascarón.]

Defn: Lit., an eggshell; hence, an eggshell filled with confetti to be thrown during balls, carnivals, etc. [Western U. S.]

CASE Case, n. Etym: [OF. casse, F. caisse (cf. It. cassa), fr. L. capsa chest, box, case, fr. caper to take, hold See Capacious, and cf. 4th Chase, Cash, Enchase, 3d Sash.]

1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.

2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of instruments.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type.

Note: Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of two, called respectively the upper and the lower case. The upper case contains capitals, small capitals, accented; the lower case contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces.

4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window case.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A small fissure which admits water to the workings. Knight.

CASE Case, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cased; p. pr. & vb. n. Casing.]

1. To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose. The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle. Prescott.

2. To strip the skin from; as, to case a box. [Obs.]

CASE Case, n. Etym: [F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf. Chance.]

1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [Obs.] By aventure, or sort, or cas. Chaucer.

2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes. In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge. Deut. xxiv. 13. If the case of the man be so with his wife. Matt. xix. 10. And when a lady's in the case. You know all other things give place. Gay. You think this madness but a common case. Pope. I am in case to justle a constable, Shak.