J (continued 2)

JETTY Jet"ty, v. i.

Defn: To jut out; to project. [Obs.] Florio.

JEU D'ESPRIT Jeu" d'es`prit". Etym: [F., play of mind.]

Defn: A witticism.

JEUNESSE DOREE Jeu`nesse" do`rée". [F.]

Defn: Lit., gilded youth; young people of wealth and fashion, esp. if given to prodigal living; — in the French Revolution, applied to young men of the upper classes who aided in suppressing the Jacobins after the Reign of Terror.

JEW Jew, n. Etym: [OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr. Y Judah, son of Jacob. Cf. Judaic.]

Defn: Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite. Jew's frankincense, gum styrax, or benzoin. — Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber. — Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. — The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second coming.

JEWBUSH Jew"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus Pedilanthus (P. tithymaloides), found in the West Indies, and possessing powerful emetic and drastic qualities.

JEWEL Jew"el, n. Etym: [OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F. joyau, dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See Joy.]

1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design. Plate of rare device, and jewels Of rich and exquisite form. Shak.

2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak.

3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. "Our prince (jewel of children)." Shak.

4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby. Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.

JEWEL Jew"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeweled, or Jewelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeweling, or Jewelling.]

Defn: To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels. The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew. M. Arnold.

JEWELER Jew"el*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F.joaillier.]

Defn: One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments. [Written also jeweller.] Jeweler's gold. See under Gold.

JEWELLERY Jew"el*ler*y, n.

Defn: See Jewelry. Burke.

JEWELRY Jew"el*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. joaillerie.]

1. The art or trade of a jeweler. Cotgrave.

2. Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.

JEWELWEED Jew"el*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Impatiens.

JEWESS Jew"ess, n., fem. of Jew.

Defn: A Hebrew woman.

JEWFISH Jew"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A very large serranoid fish (Promicrops itaiara) of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the weight of five hundred pounds. Its color is olivaceous or yellowish, with numerous brown spots. Called also guasa, and warsaw.

2. A similar gigantic fish (Stereolepis gigas) of Southern California, valued as a food fish.

3. The black grouper of Florida and Texas.

4. A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.

JEWISE Jew*ise", n.

Defn: Same as Juise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JEWISH Jew"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish. — Jew"ish*ly, adv. — Jew"ish*ness, n.

JEWISH CALENDAR Jew"ish cal"en*dar.

Defn: A lunisolar calendar in use among Hebraic peoples, reckoning from the year 3761 b. c., the date traditionally given for the Creation. It received its present fixed form from Hillel II. about 360 a. d. The present names of the months, which are Babylonian- Assyrian in origin, replaced older ones, Abib, Bul, etc., at the time of the Babylonian Exile. Nineteen years constitute a lunar cycle, of which the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th years are leap years. The year 5663 [1902-3 a. d.] was the first year of the 299th lunar cycle. The common year is said to be defective, regular, or perfect (or abundant) according as it has 353, 354, or 355 days. The leap year has an intercalary month, and a total of 383 (defective), 384 (regular), or 385 (perfect, or abundant) days. The calendar is complicated by various rules providing for the harmonious arrangement of festivals, etc., so that no simple perpetual calendar can be constructed. The following table gives the months in order, with the number of days assigned to each. Only three months vary in length. They are: Heshvan, which has 30 days in perfect years; Kislev, which has 30 days in regular and perfect years; and Adar, which has 30 days in leap years. The ecclesiastical year commences with Nisan and the civil year with Tishri. The date of the first of Tishri, or the Jewish New Year, is also given for the Jewish years 5661-5696 (1900- 1935 a. d.). From these tables it is possible to transform any Jewish date into Christian, or vice versa, for the years 1900-1935 a. d.

Months of the Jewish Year.

1 Tishri . . . . . . 30 2 Heshvan . . . . . 29 (r. & d.) or 30 (p.) 3 Kislev . . . . . . 29 (d.) or 30 (r. & p.) 4 Tebet . . . . . . 29 5 Shebat . . . . . . 30 6 Adar . . . . . . . 29 or 30 (l.) — Veadar . . . . . 29 (occuring only in leap years) 7 Nisan . . . . . . .30 8 Ivar . . . . . . ..29 9 Sivan . . . . . . .30 10 Tammux . . . . . . 29 11 Ab . . . . . . . . 30 12 Elul . . . . . . ..29

Jewish Year a. d.

5661 p. begins Sept. 24, 1900 5662 d.l. " " 14, 1901 5663 p. " Oct. 2, 1902 5664 r. " Sept. 22, 1903 5665 p.l. " " 10, 1904 5666 p. " " 30, 1905 5667 r. " " 20, 1906 5668 d.l. " " 6, 1907 5669 p. " " 26, 1908 5670 d.l. " " 16, 1909 5671 r. " Oct. 4, 1910 5672 p. " Sept. 23, 1911 5673 p.l. " " 12, 1912 5674 r. " Oct. 2, 1913 5675 d. " Sept. 21, 1914 5676 p.l. " " 9, 1915 5677 r. " " 28, 1916 5678 p. " " 17, 1917 5679 d.l. begins Sept. 7, 1918 5680 r. " " 25, 1919 5681 p.l. " " 13, 1920 5682 p. " Oct. 3, 1921 5683 d. " Sept. 23, 1922 5684 r.l. " " 11, 1923 5685 p. " " 29, 1924 5686 p. " " 19, 1925 5687 d.l. " " 9, 1926 5688 r. " " 27, 1927 5689 p.l. " " 15, 1928 5690 d. " Oct. 5, 1929 5691 r. " Sept. 23, 1930 5692 p.l. " " 12, 1931 5693 p. " Oct. 1, 1932 5694 r. " Sept. 23, 1933 5695 d.l. " " 10, 1934 5696 p. " " 28, 1935 d. = defective year; d.l. = defective leap year; p. = perfect year; p.l. = perfect leap year; r. = regular year; r.l. = regular leap year.

JEWRY Jew"ry, n. Etym: [OE. Jewerie, OF. Juierie, F. Juiverie.]

Defn: Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter. Chaucer. Teaching throughout all Jewry. Luke xxiii. 5.

JEW'S-EAR Jew's"-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fungus (Hirneola Auricula-Judæ, or Auricula), bearing some resemblance to the human ear.

JEW'S-HARP Jew's-harp`, n. Etym: [Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt. of jaw's harp; cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.]1. An instrument of music, which, when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; — called also Jew's-trump.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor.

JEW'S-STONE; JEWSTONE Jew's-stone`, Jew"stone`, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.

JEZEBEL Jez"e*bel, n. Etym: [From Jezebel, Heb. Izebel, the wife of Ahab king of Israel.]

Defn: A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. Spectator.

JHARAL Jha"ral, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild goat (Capra Jemlaica) which inhabits the loftiest mountains of India. It has long, coarse hair, forming a thick mane on its head and neck.

JIB Jib, n. Etym: [Named from its shifting from side to side. See Jib, v. i.., Jibe.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibe; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended. Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the flying jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] — Jib crane (Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load. — Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without dressings or moldings; a disguised door. — Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib- headed topsail. — Jib topsail (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs. — The cut of one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

JIB Jib, v. i. Etym: [Connected with jibe; cf. OF. giber to shake.]

Defn: To move restively backward or sidewise, — said of a horse; to balk. [Written also jibb.] [Eng.]

JIB; JIBB Jib, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jibbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jibbing.] Also Jibb. [Cf. Jib a sail, Gybe.] (Chiefly Naut.)

Defn: To shift, or swing round, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in tacking.

JIBBER Jib"ber, n.

Defn: A horse that jibs. [Eng.]

JIBE Jibe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jibed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jibing.] Etym: [Cf. Dan. gibbe, D. gijpen, v. i., and dial. Sw. gippa to jerk. Cf. Jib, n. & v. i.] (Naut.)

Defn: To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail, from one side of a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the quarter. See Gybe.

JIBE Jibe, v. i.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: To change a ship's course so as to cause a shifting of the boom. See Jibe, v. t., and Gybe.

2. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq.] Bartlett.

JIFFY Jif"fy, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupt. fr. gliff.] [Written also giffy.]

Defn: A moment; an instant; as, I will be ready in a jiffy. [Colloq.] J. & H. Smith.

JIG Jig, n. Etym: [OF. gigue a stringed instrument, a kind of dance, F. gigue dance, tune, gig; of German origin; cf. MHG. gige fiddle, G. geige. Cf. Gig a fiddle, Gig a whirligig.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A light, brisk musical movement. Hot and hasty, like a Scotch jib. Shak.

3. A light, humorous piece of writing, esp. in rhyme; a farce in verse; a ballad. [Obs.] A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme Praised and applauded. Beau. & Fl.

4. A piece of sport; a trick; a prank. [Obs.] Is't not a fine jig, A precious cunning, in the late Protector Beau & Fl.

5. A trolling bait, consisting of a bright spoon and a hook attached.

6. (Mach.) (a) A small machine or handy tool; esp.: (Metal Working)

Defn: A contrivance fastened to or inclosing a piece of work, and having hard steel surfaces to guide a tool, as a drill, or to form a shield or templet to work to, as in filing. (b) (Mining) An apparatus or a machine for jigging ore. Drill jig, a jig for guiding a drill. See Jig,

6 (a). — Jig drilling, Jig filing (Metal Working), a process of drilling or filing in which the action of the tool is directed or limited by a jig. — Jig saw, a sawing machine with a narrow, vertically reciprocating saw, used to cut curved and irregular lines, or ornamental patterns in openwork, a scroll saw; — called also gig saw.

JIG Jig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Jigging.]

1. To sing to the tune of a jig. Jig off a tune at the tongue's end. Shak.

2. To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude. Ford.

3. (Mining)

Defn: To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve. See Jigging, n.

4. (Metal Working)

Defn: To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a jigging machine.

JIG Jig, v. i.

Defn: To dance a jig; to skip about. You jig, you amble, and you lisp. Shak.

JIGGER Jig"ger, n. Etym: [A corrupt. of chigre.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of flea (Sarcopsylla, or Pulex, penetrans), which burrows beneath the skin. See Chigoe.

JIGGER Jig"ger, n. Etym: [See Jig, n. & v.]

1. One who, or that which, jigs; specifically, a miner who sorts or cleans ore by the process of jigging; also, the sieve used in jigging.

2. (Pottery) (a) A horizontal table carrying a revolving mold, on which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's wheel. (b) A templet or tool by which vessels are shaped on a potter's wheel.

3. (Naut.) (a) A light tackle, consisting of a double and single block and the fall, used for various purposes, as to increase the purchase on a topsail sheet in hauling it home; the watch tackle. Totten. (b) A small fishing vessel, rigged like a yawl. [New Eng.] (c) A supplementary sail. See Dandy, n., 2 (b).

4. A pendulum rolling machine for slicking or graining leather; same as Jack, 4 (i). Jigger mast. (Naut.) (a) The after mast of a four- masted vessel. (b) The small mast set at the stern of a yawlrigged boat.

JIGGING Jig"ging, n. (Mining)

Defn: The act or using a jig; the act of separating ore with a jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved up and down in water. Jigging machine. (a) (Mining) A machine for separating ore by the process of jigging. (b) (Metal Working) A machine with a rotary milling cutter and a templet by which the action of the cutter is guided or limited; — used for forming the profile of an irregularly shaped piece; a profiling machine.

JIGGISH Jig"gish, a.

1. Resembling, or suitable for, a jig, or lively movement. Tatler.

2. Playful; frisky. [R.] She is never sad, and yet not jiggish. Habington.

JIGGLE Jig"gle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of jig.]

Defn: To wriggle or frisk about; to move awkwardly; to shake up and down.

JIGJOG Jig"jog`, n.

Defn: A jolting motion; a jogging pace.

JIGJOG Jig"jog, a.

Defn: Having a jolting motion.

JIHAD; JEHAD Ji*had", Je*had", n. [Ar. jihad.] (Moham.)

Defn: A religious war against infidels or Mohammedan heretics; also, any bitter war or crusade for a principle or belief.

[Their] courage in war . . . had not, like that of the Mohammedan dervishes of the Sudan, or of Mohammedans anywhere engaged in a jehad, a religious motive and the promise of future bliss behind it. James Bryce.

JILL Jill, n. Etym: [See Gill sweetheart.]

Defn: A young woman; a sweetheart. See Gill. Beau. & Fl.

JILL-FLIRT Jill"-flirt`, n.

Defn: A light, giddy, or wanton girl or woman. See Gill-flirt.

JILT Jilt, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. Scot. jillet a giddy girl, a jill-flirt, dim. of jill a jill.]

Defn: A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a flirt. Otway.

JILT Jilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jilting.]

Defn: To cast off capriciously or unfeeling, as a lover; to deceive in love. Locke.

JILT Jilt, v. i.

Defn: To play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard lovers capriciously. Congreve.

JIMCRACK Jim"crack`, n.

Defn: See Gimcrack.

JIM-CROW Jim"-crow`, n. (Mach.)

1. A machine for bending or straightening rails.

2. A planing machine with a reversing tool, to plane both ways.

JIM CROW Jim Crow.

Defn: A negro; — said to be so called from a popular negro song and dance, the refrain of which is "Wheel about and turn about and jump Jim Crow," produced in 1835 by T. D. Rice, a famous negro minstrel. [Slang, U. S.]

JIMMY Jim"my, n.; pl. Jimmies. Etym: [Cf. Jemmy.]

Defn: A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors. [Written also jemmy.]

JIMP Jimp, a. Etym: [Cf. Gimp, a.]

Defn: Neat; handsome; elegant. See Gimp.

JIMSON WEED Jim"son weed`

Defn: . See Jamestown weed. [Local, U.S.]

JIN; JINN Jin, Jinn, n.

Defn: See Jinnee. "Solomon is said to have had power over the jin." Balfour (Cyc. of India).

JINGAL Jin*gal", n. Etym: [Hind. jangal a swivel, a large musket.]

Defn: A small portable piece of ordnance, mounted on a swivel. [Written also gingal and jingall.] [India]

JINGLE Jin"gle, v. i. Etym: [OE. gingelen, ginglen; prob. akin to E. chink; cf. also E. jangle.]

1. To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound; as, sleigh bells jingle. [Written also gingle.]

2. To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect. "Jingling street ballads." Macaulay.

JINGLE Jin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jingled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jingling.]

Defn: To cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as coins shaken together; to tinkle. The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope.

JINGLE Jin"gle, n.

1. A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal.

2. That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle. If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and jingles,but use them justly. Bacon.

3. A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has little merit; hence, the verse itself." The least jingle of verse." Guardian. Jingle shell. See Gold shell (b), under Gold.

JINGLER Jin"gler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, jingles.

JINGLING Jin"gling, n.

Defn: The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound itself; a chink. "The jingling of the guinea." Tennyson.

JINGLINGLY Jin"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to jingle. Lowell.

JINGO Jin"go, n.; pl. Jingoes. Etym: [Said to be a corruption of St. Gingoulph.]

1. A word used as a jocular oath. "By the living jingo." Goldsmith.

2. A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive, domineering policy in foreign affairs. [Cant, Eng.]

Note: This sense arose from a doggerel song which was popular during the Turco-Russian war of 1877 and 1878. The first two lines were as follows: — We don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do, We 've got the ships, we 've got the men, we 've got the money too.

JINGOISM Jin"go*ism, n.

Defn: The policy of the Jingoes, so called. See Jingo, 2. [Cant, Eng.]

JINK Jink, v. i. [Cf. Jig, v. i.]

1. To move quickly, esp. with a sudden turn; hence, to dodge; to escape by a quick turn; —obs. or dial., except as a hunting term in pig-sticking.

2. (Card Playing) In the games of spoilfive and forty-five, to win the game by taking all five tricks; also, to play to win all five tricks, losing what has been already won if unsuccessful.

JINNEE Jin"nee, n.; pl. Jinn. Etym: [Ar.] (Arabian & Mohammedan Myth.)

Defn: A genius or demon; one of the fabled genii, good and evil spirits, supposed to be the children of fire, and to have the power of assuming various forms. [Written also jin, djinnee, etc.]

Note: Jinn is also used as sing., with pl. jinns (.

JINNY ROAD Jin"ny road`. Etym: [Cf. Gin an engine, Ginnycarriage.] (Mining)

Defn: An inclined road in a coal mine, on which loaded cars descend by gravity, drawing up empty ones. Knight.

JINRIKISHA Jin*rik"i*sha, n. Etym: [Jap. jin man + riki power + sha carriage.]

Defn: A small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one more men. [Japan]

JINX Jinx, n.

Defn: A person, object, influence, or supernatural being which is supposed to bring bad luck or to cause things to go wrong. [Slang]

JIPPO Jip"po, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. juppon.]

Defn: A waistcoat or kind of stays for women.

JO Jo, n.; pl. Joes. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A sweetheart; a darling. [Scot.] Burns.

JOB Job, n. Etym: [Prov. E. job, gob, n., a small piece of wood, v., to stab, strike; cf. E. gob, gobbet; perh. influenced by E. chop to cut off, to mince. See Gob.]

1. A sudden thrust or stab; a jab.

2. A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work undertaken in gross for a fixed price; as, he did the job for a thousand dollars.

3. A public transaction done for private profit; something performed ostensibly as a part of official duty, but really for private gain; a corrupt official business.

4. Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately or unfortunately. [Colloq.]

5. A situation or opportunity of work; as, he lost his job. [Colloq.]

Note: Job is used adjectively to signify doing jobs, used for jobs, or let on hire to do jobs; as, job printer; job master; job horse; job wagon, etc. By the job, at a stipulated sum for the work, or for each piece of work done; — distinguished from time work; as, the house was built by the job. — Job lot, a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold out of the regular course of trade, at a certain price for the whole; as, these articles were included in a job lot. — Job master, one who lest out horses and carriages for hire, as for family use. [Eng.] — Job printer, one who does miscellaneous printing, esp. circulars, cards, billheads, etc. — Odd job, miscellaneous work of a petty kind; occasional work, of various kinds, or for various people.

JOB Job, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jobbing.]

1. To strike or stab with a pointed instrument. L'Estrange.

2. To thrust in, as a pointed instrument. Moxon.

3. To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to sublet (work); as, to job a contract.

4. (Com.)

Defn: To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of importers or manufacturers for the purpose of selling to retailers; as, to job goods.

5. To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; as, to job a carriage. Thackeray.

JOB Job, v. i.

1. To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do petty work. Authors of all work, to job for the season. Moore.

2. To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to turn public matters to private advantage. And judges job, and bishops bite the town. Pope.

3. To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or stocks.

JOB Job, n.

Defn: The hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament; the typical patient man. Job's comforter. (a) A false friend; a tactless or malicious person who, under pretense of sympathy, insinuates rebukes. (b) A boil. [Colloq.] — Job's news, bad news. Carlyle. — Job's tears (Bot.), a kind of grass (Coix Lacryma), with hard, shining, pearly grains.

JOBATION Jo*ba"tion, n. Etym: [Prov. E. job to scold, to reprove, perh. fr. Job, the proper name.]

Defn: A scolding; a hand, tedious reproof. [Law] Grose.

JOBBER Job"ber, n.

1. One who works by the job.

2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber. [Eng.]

3. One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or manufacturers, and sells to retailers.

4. One who turns official or public business to private advantage; hence, one who performs low or mercenary work in office, politics, or intrigue.

JOBBERNOWL Job"ber*nowl`, n. Etym: [OE. jobbernoule, fr. jobarde a stupid fellow; cf. E. noll.]

Defn: A blockhead. [Colloq. & Obs.] H. Taylor.

JOBBERY Job"ber*y, n.

1. The act or practice of jobbing.

2. Underhand management; official corruption; as, municipal jobbery. Mayhew.

JOBBING Job"bing, a.

1. Doing chance work or add jobs; as, a jobbing carpenter.

2. Using opportunities of public service for private gain; as, a jobbing politician. London Sat. Rev. Jobbing house, a mercantile establishment which buys from importers, wholesalers or manufacturers, and sells to retailers. [U.S.]

JOCANTRY Jo"cant*ry, n. Etym: [L. jocans, p. pr. of jocare to jest, fr. jocus a jest.]

Defn: The act or practice of jesting. [Obs.]

JOCKEY Jock"ey, n.; pl. Jockeys. Etym: [Dim. of Jack, Scot. Jock; orig., a boy who rides horses. See 2d Jack.]

1. A professional rider of horses in races. Addison.

2. A dealer in horses; a horse trader. Macaulay.

3. A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.

JOCKEY Jock"ey, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jockeyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jockeying.]

1. " To jostle by riding against one." Johnson.

2. To play the jockey toward; to cheat; to trick; to impose upon in trade; as, to jockey a customer.

JOCKEY Jock"ey, v. i.

Defn: To play or act the jockey; to cheat.

JOCKEYING Jock"ey*ing, n.

Defn: The act or management of one who jockeys; trickery. Beaconsfield.

JOCKEYISM Jock"ey*ism, n.

Defn: The practice of jockeys.

JOCKEYSHIP Jock"ey*ship, n.

Defn: The art, character, or position, of a jockey; the personality of a jockey. Go flatter Sawney for his jockeyship. Chatterton. Where can at last his jockeyship retire Cowper.

JOCOSE Jo*cose", a. Etym: [L jocosus, fr. jocus joke. See Joke.]

Defn: Given to jokes and jesting; containing a joke, or abounding in jokes; merry; sportive; humorous. To quit their austerity and be jocose and pleasant with an adversary. Shaftesbury. All . . . jocose or comical airs should be excluded. I. Watts.

Syn. — Jocular; facetious; witty; merry; pleasant; waggish; sportive; funny; comical. — Jo*cose"ly, adv. — Jo*cose"ness, n. Spondanus imagines that Ulysses may possibly speak jocosely, but in truth Ulysses never behaves with levity. Broome. He must beware lest his letter should contain anything like jocoseness; since jesting is incompatible with a holy and serious life. Buckle.

JOCOSERIOUS Jo`co*se"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Jocose + serious.]

Defn: Mingling mirth and seriousness. M. Green.

JOCOSITY Jo*cos"i*ty, n.

Defn: A jocose act or saying; jocoseness. Sir T. Browne.

JOCULAR Joc"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. jocularis, fr. joculus, dim. of jocus joke. See Joke.]

1. Given to jesting; jocose; as, a jocular person.

2. Sportive; merry. "Jocular exploits." Cowper. The style is serious and partly jocular. Dryden.

JOCULARITY Joc`u*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Jesting; merriment.

JOCULARLY Joc"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In jest; for sport or mirth; jocosely.

JOCULARY Joc"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. jocularius. Cf. Jocular.]

Defn: Jocular; jocose; sportive. Bacon.

JOCULATOR Joc"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L. See Juggler.]

Defn: A jester; a joker. [Obs.] Strutt.

JOCULATORY Joc"u*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. joculatorius.]

Defn: Droll; sportive. [Obs.] Cockeram.

JOCUND Joc"und, Etym: [L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr. juvare to help. See Aid.]

Defn: Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive. Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops. Shak. Rural sports and jocund strains. Prior. — Joc"und*ly, adv. — Joc"und*ness, n.

JOCUND Joc"und, adv.

Defn: Merrily; cheerfully. Gray.

JOCUNDITY Jo*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. jocunditas jucunditas. See Jocund, and cf. Jucundity.]

Defn: The state or quality of being jocund; gayety; sportiveness.

JOE Joe, n.

Defn: See Johannes.

JOE MILLER Joe" Mil"ler. Etym: [From Joseph Miller, a comic actor, whose name was attached, after his death, to a popular jest book published in 1739.]

Defn: A jest book; a stale jest; a worn-out joke. [Colloq.] It is an old Joe Miller in whist circles, that there are only two reasons that can justify you in not returning trumps to your partner's lead; i. e., first, sudden illness; secondly, having none. Pole.

JOE-PYE WEED Joe`-Pye" weed`. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall composite plant of the genus Eupatorium (E. purpureum), with purplish flowers, and whorled leaves.

JOG Jog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Jogging.] Etym: [OE. joggen; cf. W. gogi to shake, and also E. shog, shock, v.]

1. To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp., to push or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's attention, or to warn. Now leaps he upright, jogs me, and cries: Do you see Yonder well- favored youth Donne. Sudden I jogged Ulysses, who was laid Fast by my side. Pope.

2. To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention of; as, to jog the memory.

3. To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See Jog, v. i.

JOG Jog, v. i.

Defn: To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot; to move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; — usually with on, sometimes with over. Jog on, jog on, the footpath way. Shak. So hung his destiny, never to rot, While he might still jog on and keep his trot. Milton . The good old ways our sires jogged safely over. R. Browning.

JOG Jog, n.

1. A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or awaken attention; a push; a jolt. To give them by turns an invisible jog. Swift.

2. A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an irregularity in motion of from; a hitch; a break in the direction of a line or the surface of a plane. Glanvill. Jog trot, a slow, regular, jolting gait; hence, a routine habit or method, persistently adhered to. T. Hook.

JOGGER Jog"ger, n.

Defn: One who jogs. Dryden.

JOGGING Jog"ging, n.

Defn: The act of giving a jog or jogs; traveling at a jog.

JOGGLE Jog"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Joggling.] Etym: [Freq. of jog.]

1. To shake slightly; to push suddenly but slightly, so as to cause to shake or totter; to jostle; to jog.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel. The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts. Gwilt.

JOGGLE Jog"gle, v. i.

Defn: To shake or totter; to slip out of place.

JOGGLE Jog"gle, n. [Arch.]

Defn: A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of building material to prevent slipping; sometimes, but incorrectly, applied to a separate piece fitted into two adjacent stones, or the like. Joggle joint (Arch.), a joint in any kind of building material, where the joining surfaces are made with joggles.

JOHANNEAN Jo`han*ne"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to John, esp. to the Apostle John or his writings. M. Stuart.

JOHANNES Jo*han"nes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Y, Y, i. e., one whom Jehovah has blessed; hence F. Jean, E. John.] (Numis.)

Defn: A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named from the figure of King John which it bears;- often contracted into joe; as, a joe, or a half joe.

JOHANNISBERGER Jo*han"nis*ber`ger, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A fine white wine produced on the estate of Schloss (or Castle) Johannisberg, on the Rhine.

JOHN John, n. Etym: [See Johannes.]

Defn: A proper name of a man. John-apple, a sort of apple ripe about St. John's Day. Same as Apple-john. — John Bull, an ideal personification of the typical characteristics of an Englishman, or of the English people. — John Bullism, English character. W. Irving. — John Doe (Law), the name formerly given to the fictitious plaintiff in an action of ejectment. Mozley & W. — John Doree, John Dory. Etym: [John (or F. jaune yellow) + Doree, Dory.] (Zoöl.) An oval, compressed, European food fish (Zeus faber). Its color is yellow and olive, with golden, silvery, and blue reflections. It has a round dark spot on each side. Called also dory, doree, and St. Peter's fish.

JOHNADREAMS John"a*dreams`, n.

Defn: A dreamy, idle fellow. Shak.

JOHNNY John"ny, n.; pl. Johnnies (.

1. A familiar diminutive of John.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sculpin. [Local cant] Johny Crapaud (, a jocose designation of a Frenchman, or of the French people, collectively.

JOHNNYCAKE John"ny*cake`, n.

Defn: A kind of bread made of the meal of maize (Indian corn), mixed with water or milk, etc., and baked. [U.S.] J. Barlow.

JOHNSONESE John`son*ese", n.

Defn: The literary style of Dr. Samuel Johnson, or one formed in imitation of it; an inflated, stilted, or pompous style, affecting classical words. E. Everett.

JOHNSON GRASS John"son grass`. Etym: [Named after W. Johnson of Alabama, who planted it about 1840-1845.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tall perennial grass (Sorghum Halepense), valuable in the Southern and Western States for pasture and hay. The rootstocks are large and juicy and are eagerly sought by swine. Called also Cuba grass, Means grass, Evergreen millet, and Arabian millet.

JOHNSONIAN John*so"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or resembling Dr. Johnson or his style; pompous; inflated.

JOHNSONIANISM John*so"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: A manner of acting or of writing peculiar to, or characteristic of, Dr. Johnson. [Written also Johnsonism.]

JOHN'S-WORT John's"-wort`, n.

Defn: See St. John's-wort.

JOIN Join, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joined; p. pr. & vb. n. Joining.] Etym: [OE. joinen, joignen, F. joindre, fr. L. jungere to yoke, bind together, join; akin to jugum yoke. See Yoke, and cf. Conjugal, Junction, Junta.]

1. To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in contact; to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to associate; to add; to append. Woe unto them that join house to house. Is. v. 8. Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn Like twenty torches joined. Shak. Thy tuneful voice with numbers join. Dryden.

2. To associate one's self to; to be or become connected with; to league one's self with; to unite with; as, to join a party; to join the church. We jointly now to join no other head. Dryden.

3. To unite in marriage. He that joineth his virgin in matrimony. Wyclif. What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Matt. xix. 6.

4. To enjoin upon; to command. [Obs. & R.] They join them penance, as they call it. Tyndale.

5. To accept, or engage in, as a contest; as, to join encounter, battle, issue. Milton. To join battle, To join issue. See under Battle, Issue.

Syn. — To add; annex; unite; connect; combine; consociate; couple; link; append. See Add.

JOIN Join, v. i.

Defn: To be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together; to unite; to mingle; to form a union; as, the hones of the skull join; two rivers join. Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii. 7. Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations Ezra ix. 14. Nature and fortune joined to make thee great. Shak.

JOIN Join, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The line joining two points; the point common to two intersecting lines. Henrici.

JOINANT Join"ant, a. Etym: [OF. & F. joignant, p. pr. of joindre to join.]

Defn: Adjoining. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JOINDER Join"der, n. Etym: [F. joindre. See Join, v. t.]

1. The act of joining; a putting together; conjunction. Confirmed by mutual joinder of your hands. Shak.

2. (Law) (a) A joining of parties as plaintiffs or defendants in a suit. (b) Acceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact. (c) A joining of causes of action or defense in civil suits or criminal prosecutions.

JOINER Join"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, joins.

2. One whose occupation is to construct articles by joining pieces of wood; a mechanic who does the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.) necessary for the finishing of buildings. "One Snug, the joiner." Shak.

3. A wood-working machine, for sawing, plaining, mortising, tenoning, grooving, etc.

Syn. — See Carpenter.

JOINERY Join"er*y, n.

Defn: The art, or trade, of a joiner; the work of a joiner. A piece of joinery . . . whimsically dovetailed. Burke.

JOINHAND Join"hand`, n.

Defn: Writing in which letters are joined in words; — distinguished from writing in single letters. Addison.

JOINT Joint, n. Etym: [F. joint, fr. joindre, p. p. joint. See Join.]

1. The place or part where two things or parts are joined or united; the union of two or more smooth or even surfaces admitting of a close-fitting or junction; junction as, a joint between two pieces of timber; a joint in a pipe.

2. A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion; an articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; as, the knee joint; a node or joint of a stem; a ball and socket joint. See Articulation. A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel, Must glove this hand. Shak. To tear thee joint by joint. Milton.

3. The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or articulations; as, a joint of cane or of a grass stem; a joint of the leg.

4. Any one of the large pieces of meat, as cut into portions by the butcher for roasting.

5. (Geol.)

Defn: A plane of fracture, or divisional plane, of a rock transverse to the stratification.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between the adjacent surfaces of two bodies joined and held together, as by means of cement, mortar, etc.; as, a thin joint.

7. The means whereby the meeting surfaces of pieces in a structure are secured together. Coursing joint (Masonry), the mortar joint between two courses of bricks or stones. — Fish joint, Miter joint, Universal joint, etc. See under Fish, Miter, etc. — Joint bolt, a bolt for fastening two pieces, as of wood, one endwise to the other, having a nut embedded in one of the pieces. — Joint chair (Railroad), the chair that supports the ends of abutting rails. — Joint coupling, a universal joint for coupling shafting. See under Universal. — Joint hinge, a hinge having long leaves; a strap hinge. — Joint splice, a reënforce at a joint, to sustain the parts in their true relation. — Joint stool. (a) A stool consisting of jointed parts; a folding stool. Shak. (b) A block for supporting the end of a piece at a joint; a joint chair. — Out of joint, out of place; dislocated, as when the head of a bone slips from its socket; hence, not working well together; disordered. "The time is out of joint." Shak.

JOINT Joint, a. Etym: [F., p. p. of joindre. See Join.]

1. Joined; united; combined; concerted; as joint action.

2. Involving the united activity of two or more; done or produced by two or more working together. I read this joint effusion twice over. T. Hook.

3. United, joined, or sharing with another or with others; not solitary in interest or action; holding in common with an associate, or with associates; acting together; as, joint heir; joint creditor; joint debtor, etc. "Joint tenants of the world." Donne.

4. Shared by, or affecting two or more; held in common; as, joint property; a joint bond. A joint burden laid upon us all. Shak. Joint committee (Parliamentary Practice), a committee composed of members of the two houses of a legislative body, for the appointment of which concurrent resolutions of the two houses are necessary. Cushing. — Joint meeting, or Joint session, the meeting or session of two distinct bodies as one; as, a joint meeting of committees representing different corporations; a joint session of both branches of a State legislature to chose a United States senator. "Such joint meeting shall not be dissolved until the electoral votes are all counted and the result declared." Joint Rules of Congress, U. S. — Joint resolution (Parliamentary Practice), a resolution adopted concurrently by the two branches of a legislative body. "By the constitution of the United States and the rules of the two houses, no absolute distinction is made between bills and joint resolutions." Barclay (Digest). — Joint rule (Parliamentary Practice), a rule of proceeding adopted by the concurrent action of both branches of a legislative assembly. "Resolved, by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), that the sixteenth and seventeenth joint rules be suspended for the remainder of the session." Journal H. of R., U. S. — Joint and several (Law), a phrase signifying that the debt, credit, obligation, etc., to which it is applied is held in such a way that the parties in interest are engaged both together and individually thus a joint and several debt is one for which all the debtors may be sued together or either of them individually. — Joint stock, stock held in company. — Joint-stock company (Law), a species of partnership, consisting generally of a large number of members, having a capital divided, or agreed to be divided, into shares, the shares owned by any member being usually transferable without the consent of the rest. — Joint tenancy (Law), a tenure by two or more persons of estate by unity of interest, title, time, and possession, under which the survivor takes the whole. Blackstone. — Joint tenant (Law), one who holds an estate by joint tenancy.

JOINT Joint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jointing.]

1. To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as to fit together; as, to joint boards. Pierced through the yielding planks of jointed wood. Pope.

2. To join; to connect; to unite; to combine. Jointing their force 'gainst Cæsar. Shak.

3. To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate. The fingers are jointed together for motion. Ray.

4. To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat. "He joints the neck. Dryden. Quartering, jointing, seething, and roasting. Holland.

JOINT Joint, v. i.

Defn: To fit as if by joints; to coalesce as joints do; as, the stones joint, neatly.

JOINTED Joint"ed, a.

Defn: Having joints; articulated; full of nodes; knotty; as, a jointed doll; jointed structure. "The jointed herbage." J. Philips. — Joint"ed*ly, adv.

JOINTER Joint"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, joints.

2. A plane for smoothing the surfaces of pieces which are to be accurately joined; especially: (a) The longest plane used by a joiner. (b) (Coopering) A long stationary plane, for plaining the edges of barrel staves.

3. (Masonry) (a) A bent piece of iron inserted to strengthen the joints of a wall. (b) A tool for pointing the joints in brickwork.

JOINT-FIR Joint"-fir`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Ephedra) of leafless shrubs, with the stems conspicuously jointed; — called also shrubby horsetail. There are about thirty species, of which two or three are found from Texas to California.

JOINTING Joint"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of making a joint; also, the joints thus produced. Jointing machine, a planing machine for wood used in furniture and piano factories, etc. — Jointing plane. See Jointer, 2. — Jointing rule (Masonry), a long straight rule, used by bricklayers for securing straight joints and faces.

JOINTLESS Joint"less, a.

Defn: Without a joint; rigid; stiff.

JOINTLY Joint"ly, adv.

Defn: In a joint manner; together; unitedly; in concert; not separately. Then jointly to the ground their knees they bow. Shak.

JOINTRESS Joint"ress, n. (Law)

Defn: A woman who has a jointure. [Written also jointuress.] Blackstone.

JOINTURE Join"ture, n. Etym: [F. jointure a joint, orig., a joining, L. junctura, fr. jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Juncture.]

1. A joining; a joint. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: An estate settled on a wife, which she is to enjoy after husband's decease, for her own life at least, in satisfaction of dower. The jointure that your king must make, Which with her dowry shall be counterpoised. Shak.

JOINTURE Join"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jointured; p. pr. & vb. n. Jointuring.]

Defn: To settle a jointure upon.

JOINTURELESS Join"ture*less, a.

Defn: Having no jointure.

JOINTURESS Join"tur*ess, n.

Defn: See Jointress. Bouvier.

JOINTWEED Joint"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender, nearly leafless, American herb (Polygonum articulatum), with jointed spikes of small flowers.

JOINTWORM Joint"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of a small, hymenopterous fly (Eurytoma hordei), which is found in gall-like swellings on the stalks of wheat, usually at or just above the first joint. In some parts of America it does great damage to the crop.

JOIST Joist, n. Etym: [OE. giste, OF. giste, F. gîte, fr. gesir to lie, F. gésir. See Gist.] (Arch.)

Defn: A piece of timber laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed; — called, according to its position or use, binding joist, bridging joist, ceiling joist, trimming joist, etc. See Illust. of Double-framed floor, under Double, a.

JOIST Joist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Joisting.]

Defn: To fit or furnish with joists. Johnson.

JOKE Joke, n. Etym: [L. jocus. Cf Jeopardy, Jocular, Juggler.]

1. Something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something witty or sportive (commonly indicating more of hilarity or humor than jest); a jest; a witticism; as, to crack good-natured jokes. And gentle dullness ever loves a joke. Pope. Or witty joke our airy senses moves To pleasant laughter. Gay.

2. Something not said seriously, or not actually meant; something done in sport. Inclose whole downs in walls, 't is all a joke. Pope. In joke, in jest; sportively; not meant seriously. — Practical joke. See under Practical.

JOKE Joke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joked; p. pr. & vb. n. Joking.]

Defn: To make merry with; to make jokes upon; to rally; to banter; as, to joke a comrade.

JOKE Joke, v. i. Etym: [L. jocari.]

Defn: To do something for sport, or as a joke; to be merry in words or actions; to jest. He laughed, shouted, joked, and swore. Macaulay.

Syn. — To jest; sport; rally; banter. See Jest.

JOKER Jok"er, n.

1. One who makes jokes or jests.

2. (Card Playing)

Defn: See Rest bower, under 2d Bower.

JOKINGLY Jok"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a joking way; sportively.

JOLE; JOLL Jole, Joll, v. t. & n.

Defn: Same as Jowl. Shak.

JOLIF Jol*if", a. Etym: [See Jolly.]

Defn: Joyful; merry; pleasant; jolly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JOLLIFICATION Jol`li*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Jolly + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: A merrymaking; noisy festivity. [Colloq.] We have had a jollification or so together. Sir W. Scott.

JOLLILY Jol"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jolly manner.

JOLLIMENT Jol"li*ment, n.

Defn: Jollity. [Obs.] Spenser.

JOLLINESS Jol"li*ness, n.

Defn: Jollity; noisy mirth. Chaucer.

JOLLITY Jol"li*ty, n. Etym: [From Jolly: cf. OF. jolieté, joliveté.]

Defn: Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity; boisterous enjoyment. Chaucer. All now was turned to jollity and game. Milton. He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel only for him, who was only worthy to enter into it. Sir P. Sidney.

Syn. — Merriment; mirth; gayety; festivity; hilarity.

JOLLY Jol"ly, a. [Compar. Jollier; superl. Jolliest.] Etym: [OF. joli, jolif, joyful, merry, F. joli pretty; of Scand. origin, akin to E. yule; cf. Icel. j yule, Christmass feast. See Yule.]

1. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joyous; merry; mirthful. Like a jolly troop of huntsmen. Shak. "A jolly place," said he, "in times of old! But something ails it now: the spot is cursed." Wordsworth.

2. Expressing mirth, or inspiring it; exciting mirth and gayety. And with his jolly pipe delights the groves. Prior. Their jolly notes they chanted loud and clear. Fairfax.

3. Of fine appearance; handsome; excellent; lively; agreeable; pleasant. "A jolly cool wind." Sir T. North. [Now mostly colloq.] Full jolly knight he seemed, and fair did sit. Spenser. The coachman is swelled into jolly dimensions. W. Irving.

JOLLY-BOAT Jol"ly-boat`, n. Etym: [A corruption of Dan. jolle yawl, or of D. jol yawl + E. boat. See Yawl the boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A boat of medium size belonging to a ship.

JOLLYHEAD Jol"ly*head, n.

Defn: Jollity. [Obs.] Spenser.

JOLT Jolt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jolting.] Etym: [Prob. fr. jole, joll, jowl, and orig. meaning, to knock on the head. See Jowl.]

Defn: To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings, as a carriage moving on rough ground; as, the coach jolts.

JOLT Jolt, v. t.

Defn: To cause to shake with a sudden up and down motion, as in a carriage going over rough ground, or on a high-trotting horse; as, the horse jolts the rider; fast driving jolts the carriage and the passengers.

JOLT Jolt, n.

Defn: A sudden shock or jerk; a jolting motion, as in a carriage moving over rough ground. The first jolt had like to have shaken me out. Swift.

JOLTER Jolt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, jolts.

JOLTERHEAD; JOLTHEAD Jolt"er*head`, Jolt"head`, n. Etym: [See Jolt, Jowl.]

Defn: A dunce; a blockhead. Sir T. North.

JOLTINGLY Jolt"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jolting manner.

JOLTY Jolt"y, a.

Defn: That jolts; as, a jolty coach. [Colloq.]

JONAH Jo"nah, n.

Defn: The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is unpropitious. Jonah crab (Zoöl.), a large crab (Cancer borealis) of the eastern coast of the United States, sometimes found between tides, but usually in deep water.

JONESIAN Jo*ne"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Jones. The Jonesian system, a system of transliterating Oriental words by English letters, invented by Sir William Jones.

JONGLEUR; JONGLER Jon"gleur, Jon"gler, n. Etym: [F. jongleur. See Juggler.]

1. In the Middle Ages, a court attendant or other person who, for hire, recited or sang verses, usually of his own composition. See Troubadour. Vivacity and picturesquenees of the jongleur's verse. J R. Green.

2. A juggler; a conjuror. See Juggler. Milton.

JONQUIL; JONQUILLE Jon"quil, Jon"quille, n. Etym: [F. jonquille, fr. L. juncus a rush, because it has rushlike leaves.] (Bot.)

Defn: A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Jonquilla), allied to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves, and yellow or white fragrant flowers. The root has emetic properties. It is sometimes called the rush-leaved daffodil. See Illust. of Corona.

JORAM Jo"ram, n.

Defn: See Jorum.

JORDAN; JORDEN Jor"dan, Jor"den, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. the river Jordan, and shortened fr. Jordan bottle a bottle of water from the Jordan, brought back by pilgrims.]

1. A pot or vessel with a large neck, formerly used by physicians and alchemists. [Obs.] Halliwell.

2. A chamber pot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

JORUM Jo"rum, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupted fr. jorden an earthen pot.]

Defn: A large drinking vessel; also, its contents. [Colloq. Eng.] Forby.

JOSEPH Jo"seph, n.

Defn: An outer garment worn in the 18th century; esp., a woman's riding habit, buttoned down the front. Fairholt.

JOSEPH'S FLOWER Jo"seph's flow"er. (Bot.)

Defn: A composite herb (Tragopogon pratensis), of the same genus as the salsify.

JOSO Jo"so, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small gudgeon.

JOSS Joss, n. Etym: [Chinese, corrupt. fr. Pg. deos God, L. deus.]

Defn: A Chinese household divinity; a Chinese idol. "Critic in jars and josses." Colman (1761). Joss house, a Chinese temple or house for the Chinese mode of worship. — Joss stick, a reed covered with a paste made of the dust of odoriferous woods, or a cylinder made wholly of the paste; — burned by the Chinese before an idol.

JOSSA Jos"sa, interj.

Defn: A command to a horse, probably meaning "stand still." [Obs.] Chaucer.

JOSS PAPER Joss paper.

Defn: Gold and silver paper burned by the Chinese, in the form of coins or ingots, in worship and at funerals.

JOSTLE Jos"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jostled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jostling.] Etym: [A dim. of joust, just, v. See Joust, and cf. Justle.] [Written also justle.]

Defn: To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to elbow; to hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against. "Bullies jostled him." Macaulay. Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are perpetually jostling each other. I. Taylor.

JOSTLE Jos"tle, v. i.

Defn: To push; to crowd; to hustle. None jostle with him for the wall. Lamb.

JOSTLE Jos"tle, n.

Defn: A conflict by collisions; a crowding or bumping together; interference. The jostle of South African nationalities and civilization. The Nation.

JOSTLEMENT Jos"tle*ment, n.

Defn: Crowding; hustling.

JOT Jot, n. Etym: [L. iota, Gr. i. Heb. y), the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet. Cf. Iota.]

Defn: An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle. Cf. Bit, n. Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Matt. v. 18. Neither will they bate One jot of ceremony. Shak.

JOT Jot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jotting.]

Defn: To set down; to make a brief note of; — usually followed by down.

JOTTER Jot"ter, n.

1. One who jots down memoranda.

2. A memorandum book.

JOUGS Jougs, n. Etym: [F. joug a yoke, L. jugum. See Yoke.]

Defn: An iron collar fastened to a wall or post, formerly used in Scotland as a kind of pillory. [Written also juggs.] See Juke. Sir W. Scott.

JOUISSANCE Jou"is*sance, n. Etym: [F., fr. jouir to enjoy, fr. L. gaudere to rejoice.]

Defn: Jollity; merriment. [Obs.] Spenser.

JOUK Jouk, v. i.

Defn: See Juke.

JOUL Joul, v. t.

Defn: See Jowl.

JOULE Joule, n. Etym: [From the distinguished English physicist, James P. Joule.] (Physics.)

Defn: A unit of work which is equal to 107 units of work in the C. G. S. system of units (ergs), and is practically equivalent to the energy expended in one second by an electric current of one ampere in a resistance of one ohm. One joule is approximately equal to 0.738 foot pounds. Joule's equivalent. See under Equivalent, n.

JOULEMETER Joule"me`ter, n.

Defn: An integrating wattmeter for measuring the energy in joules expended in an electric circuit or developed by a machine.

JOULE'S CYCLE Joule's cycle. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: The cycle for the air engine proposed by Joule. In it air is taken by a pump from a cold chamber and compressed adiabatically until its pressure is eqal to that of the air in a hot chamber, into which it is then delivered, thereby displacing an equal amount of hot air into the engine cylinder. Here it expands adiabatically to the temperature of the cold chamber into which it is finally exhausted. This cycle, reversed, is used in refrigerating machines.

JOULE'S LAW Joule's law.

1. (Elec.)

Defn: The law that the rate at which heat is produced in any part of an electric circuit is measured by the product of the square of the current into the resistance of that part of the circuit. If the current (i) is constant for an interval of time (t), the energy (H) in heat units equals i2Rt, R being resistance.

2. (Thermodynamics) The law that there is no change of temperature when a gas expands without doing external work and without receiving or rejecting heat.

JOUNCE Jounce, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Jouncing.] Etym: [Cf. Jaunce.]

Defn: To jolt; to shake, especially by rough riding or by driving over obstructions.

JOUNCE Jounce, n.

Defn: A jolt; a shake; a hard trot.

JOURNAL Jour"nal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. diurnalis diurnal, fr. diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day. See Diurnal.]

Defn: Daily; diurnal. [Obs.] Whiles from their journal labors they did rest. Spenser.

JOURNAL Jour"nal, n. Etym: [F. journal. See Journal, a.]

1. A diary; an account of daily transactions and events. Specifically: (a) (Bookkeeping) A book of accounts, in which is entered a condensed and grouped statement of the daily transactions. (b) (Naut.) A daily register of the ship's course and distance, the winds, weather, incidents of the voyage, etc. (c) (Legislature) The record of daily proceedings, kept by the clerk. (d) A newspaper published daily; by extension, a weekly newspaper or any periodical publication, giving an account of passing events, the proceedings and memoirs of societies, etc. ; a periodical; a magazine.

2. That which has occurred in a day; a day's work or travel; a day's journey. [Obs. & R.] B. Jonson.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: That portion of a rotating piece, as a shaft, axle, spindle, etc., which turns in a bearing or box. See Illust. of Axle box. Journal box, or Journal bearing (Mach.) the carrier of a journal; the box in which the journal of a shaft, axle, or pin turns.

JOURNALISM Jour"nal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. journalisme.]

1. The keeping of a journal or diary. [Obs.]

2. The periodical collection and publication of current news; the business of managing, editing, or writing for, journals or newspapers; as, political journalism. Journalism is now truly an estate of the realm. Ed. Rev.

JOURNALIST Jour"nal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. journaliste.]

1. One who keeps a journal or diary. [Obs.] Mickle.

2. The conductor of a public journal, or one whose business it to write for a public journal; an editorial or other professional writer for a periodical. Addison.

JOURNALISTIC Jour"nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to journals or to journalists; contained in, or characteristic of, the public journals; as journalistic literature or enterprise.

JOURNALIZE Jour"nal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Journalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Journalizing.]

Defn: To enter or record in a journal or diary. Johnson.

JOURNALIZE Jour"nal*ize, v. i.

Defn: to conduct or contribute to a public journal; to follow the profession of a journalist.

JOURNEY Jour"ney, n.; pl. Journeys. Etym: [OE. jornee, journee, prop., a day's journey, OF. jornée, jurnée, a day, a day's work of journey, F. journée, fr. OF. jorn, jurn, jor a day, F. jour, fr. L. diurnus. See Journal.]

1. The travel or work of a day. [Obs.] Chaucer. We have yet large day, for scarce the sun Hath finished half his journey. Milton.

2. Travel or passage from one place to another; hence, figuratively, a passage through life. The good man . . . is gone a long journey. Prov. vii. 19. We must all have the same journey's end. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Syn. — Tour; excursion; trip; expedition; pilgrimage. — Journey, Tour, Excursion, Pilgrimage. The word journey suggests the idea of a somewhat prolonged traveling for a specific object, leading a person to pass directly from one point to another. In a tour, we take a roundabout course from place to place, more commonly for pleasure, though sometimes on business. An excursion is usually a brief tour or trip for pleasure, health, etc. In a pilgrimage we travel to a place hallowed by our religions affections, or by some train of sacred or tender associations. A journey on important business; the tour of Europe; an excursion to the lakes; a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

JOURNEY Jour"ney, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Journeyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Journeying.]

Defn: To travel from place to place; to go from home to a distance. Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south. Gen. xii. 9.

JOURNEY Jour"ney, v. t.

Defn: To traverse; to travel over or through. [R.] "I journeyed many a land." Sir W. Scott.

JOURNEY-BATED Jour"ney-bat`ed, a.

Defn: Worn out with journeying. [Obs.] Shak.

JOURNEYER Jour"ney*er, n.

Defn: One who journeys.

JOURNEYMAN Jour"ney*man, n.; pl. Journeymen (.

Defn: Formerly, a man hired to work by the day; now, commonly, one who has mastered a handicraft or trade; — distinguished from apprentice and from master workman. I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men, and not made them well. Shak.

JOURNEYWORK Jour"ney*work`, n.

Defn: Originally, work done by the day; work done by a journeyman at his trade.

JOUST Joust, v. i. Etym: [OE. justen, jousten, OF. jouster, jouster, joster, F. jouter, fr. L. juxta near to, nigh, from the root of jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Jostle.]

Defn: To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt. [Written also just.] For the whole army to joust and tourney. Holland.

JOUST Joust, n. Etym: [OE. juste, jouste, OF. juste, jouste, joste, F. joute. See Joust, v. i.]

Defn: A tilting match; a mock combat on horseback between two knights in the lists or inclosed field. [Written also just.] Gorgeous knights at joust and tournament. Milton.

JOUSTER Joust"er, n.

Defn: One who jousts or tilts.

JOVE Jove, n. Etym: [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]

1. The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The planet Jupiter. [R.] Pope.

3. (Alchemy)

Defn: The metal tin. Bird of Jove, the eagle.

JOVIAL Jo"vi*al, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. Jovialis pertaining to Jove. The planet Jupiter was thought to make those born under it joyful or jovial. See Jove.]

1. Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter. [Obs.] Our jovial star reigned at his birth. Shak. The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the planets, and esteemed Martial or Jovial according to the colors whereby they answer these planets. Sir T. Browne.

2. Sunny; serene. [Obs.] "The heavens always joviall." Spenser.

3. Gay; merry; joyous; jolly; mirth-inspiring; hilarious; characterized by mirth or jollity; as, a jovial youth; a jovial company; a jovial poem. Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak. His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral; the rest are jovial or bacchanalian. Dryden.

Note: This word is a relic of the belief in planetary influence. Other examples are saturnine, mercurial, martial, lunatic, etc.

Syn. — Merry; joyous; gay; festive; mirthful; gleeful; jolly; hilarious.

JOVIALIST Jo"vi*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who lives a jovial life. Bp. Hall.

JOVIALITY Jo`vi*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jovialité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being jovial. Sir T. Herbert.

JOVIALLY Jo"vi*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jovial manner; merrily; gayly. B. Jonson.

JOVIALNESS Jo"vi*al*ness, n.

Defn: Noisy mirth; joviality. Hewyt.

JOVIALTY Jo"vi*al*ty, n.

Defn: Joviality. [R.] Barrow.

JOVIAN Jo"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Jove, or Jupiter (either the deity or the planet).

JOVICENTRIC Jo`vi*cen"tric, a. Etym: [See Jove, and Center.] (Astron.)

Defn: Revolving around the planet Jupiter; appearing as viewed from Jupiter. [R.] J. R. Hind.

JOVINIANIST Jo*vin"ian*ist, n. (Script. Hist.)

Defn: An adherent to the doctrines of Jovinian, a monk of the fourth century, who denied the virginity of Mary, and opposed the asceticism of his time.

JOWL Jowl, n. Etym: [For older chole, chaul, AS. ceaft jaw. Cf. Chaps.]

Defn: The cheek; the jaw. [Written also jole, choule, chowle, and geoule.] Cheek by jowl, with the cheeks close together; side by side; in close proximity. "I will go with three cheek by jole." Shak. " Sits cheek by jowl." Dryden.

JOWL Jowl, v. t.

Defn: To throw, dash, or knock. [Obs.] How the knave jowls it to the ground. Shak.

JOWLER Jowl"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog with large jowls, as the beagle.

JOWTER Jow"ter, n.

Defn: A mounted peddler of fish; — called also jouster. [Obs.] Carew.

JOY Joy, n. Etym: [OE. joye, OF. joye, joie, goie, F. joie, L. gaudia, pl. of gaudium joy, fr. gaudere to rejoice, to be glad; cf. Gr. Gaud, Jewel.]

1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good fortune, and the like, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight. Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy. Dryden. Glides the smooth current of domestic joy. Johnson. Who, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, despising the shame. Heb. xii. 2. Tears of true joy for his return. Shak. Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good. Locke.

2. That which causes joy or happiness. For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess. ii. 20. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats.

3. The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity. Such joy made Una, when her knight she found. Spenser. The roofs with joy resound. Dryden.

Note: Joy is used in composition, esp. with participles, to from many self-explaining compounds; as, joy-hells, joy-ringing, joy-inspiring, joy-resounding, etc.

Syn. — Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation; transport; felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity; hilarity.

JOY Joy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Joyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Joying.] Etym: [OF. joir, F. jouir. See Joy, n.]

Defn: To rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult. I will joy in the God of my salvation. Hab. iii. 18. In whose sight all things joy. Milton.

JOY Joy, v. t.

1. To give joy to; to congratulate. [Obs.] "Joy us of our conquest." Dryden. To joy the friend, or grapple with the foe. Prior.

2. To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate. [Obs.] Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits. Shak.

3. To enjoy. [Obs.] See Enjoy. Who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss. Milton.

JOYANCE Joy"ance, n. Etym: [OF. joiance.]

Defn: Enjoyment; gayety; festivity; joyfulness. Spenser. Some days of joyance are decreed to all. Byron. From what hid fountains doth thy joyance flow Trench.

JOYANCY Joy"an*cy, n.

Defn: Joyance. [R.] Carlyle.

JOYFUL Joy"ful, a.

Defn: Full of joy; having or causing joy; very glad; as, a joyful heart. "Joyful tidings." Shak. My soul shall be joyful in my God. Is. lxi. 10. Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life. Pope. — Joy"ful*ly, adv. — Joy"ful*ness, n.

JOYLESS Joy"less, a.

Defn: Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable. — Joy"less*ly, adv. — Joy"less*ness, n. With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat. Dryden. Youth and health and war are joyless to him. Addison. [He] pining for the lass, Is joyless of the grove, and spurns the growing grass. Dryden.

JOYOUS Joy"ous, a. Etym: [OE. joyous, joious, joios, F. joyeux.See Joy.]

Defn: Glad; gay; merry; joyful; also, affording or inspiring joy; with of before the word or words expressing the cause of joy. Is this your joyous city Is. xxiii. 7. They all as glad as birds of joyous prime. Spenser. And joyous of our conquest early won. Dryden.

Syn. — Merry; lively; blithe; gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful; sportive; festive; joyful; happy; blissful; charming; delightful. — Joy"ous*ly, adv. — Joy"ous*ness, n.

JOYSOME Joy"some (, a.

Defn: Causing joyfulness. [R.] This all joysome grove. T. Browne.

JUB Jub, n. Etym: [Perh. corrupted fr. jug.]

Defn: A vessel for holding ale or wine; a jug. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JUBA Ju"ba, n.; pl. Jubæ (-be). Etym: [L., a mane.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mane of an animal.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A loose panicle, the axis of which falls to pieces, as in certain grasses.

JUBATE Ju"bate, a. Etym: [L. jubatus having a mane.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Fringed with long, pendent hair.

JUBBAH; JUBBEH; JOOBBEH Jub"bah, n. Also Jub"beh, Joob"beh. [Hind. jubba, fr. Ar. jubbah.]

Defn: A long outer garment worn by both sexes of Mohammedans of the better class.

JUBE Ju`bé", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.) (a) chancel screen or rood screen. (b) gallery above such a screen, from which certain parts of the service were formerly read. See Rood loft, under Rood.

JUBILANT Ju"bi*lant, a. Etym: [L. jubilans, -antis, p. pr. of jubilare to shout for joy: cf. F. jubila. See Jubilate.]

Defn: Uttering songs of triumph; shouting with joy; triumphant; exulting. "The jubilant age." Coleridge. While the bright pomp ascended jubilant. Milton.

JUBILANTLY Ju"bi*lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jubilant manner.

JUBILAR Ju"bi*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. jubilaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the character of, a jubilee. [R.] Bp. Hall.

JUBILATE Ju`bi*la"te, n. Etym: [L., imperat. of jubilare to shout for joy.]

1. The third Sunday after Easter; — so called because the introit is the 66th Psalm, which, in the Latin version, begins with the words, "Jubilate Deo."

2. A name of the 100th Psalm; — so called from its opening word in the Latin version.

JUBILATE Ju"bi*late, v. i. Etym: [L. jubilatus, p. p. of jubilare.]

Defn: To exult; to rejoice. [R.] De Quincey.

JUBILATION Ju`bi*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. jubilatio: cf. F. jubilation.]

Defn: A triumphant shouting; rejoicing; exultation. "Jubilations and hallelujahs." South.

JUBILEE Ju"bi*lee, n. Etym: [F. jubilé, L. jubilaeus, Gr. y the blast of a trumpet, also the grand sabbatical year, which was announced by sound of trumpet.]

1. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: Every fiftieth year, being the year following the completion of each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the slaves of Hebrew blood were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In this sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, jubile.] Lev. xxv. 8-17.

2. The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary of any event; as, the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign; the jubilee of the American Board of Missions.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of twenty- five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence grated by the sovereign pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of the eucharist.

4. A season of general joy. The town was all a jubilee of feasts. Dryden.

5. A state of joy or exultation. [R.] "In the jubilee of his spirits." Sir W. Scott.

JUCUNDITY Ju*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. jucunditas, from jucundus.]

Defn: Pleasantness; agreeableness. See Jocundity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

JUDAHITE Ju"dah*ite, n.

Defn: One of the tribe of Judah; a member of the kingdom of Judah; a Jew. Kitto.

JUDAIC; JUDAICAL Ju*da"ic, Ju*da"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Judaïcus, fr. Judaea, the country Judea: cf. F. Judaïque. See Jew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jews. "The natural or Judaical [religion]." South.

JUDAICALLY Ju*da"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the Jewish manner. Milton.

JUDAISM Ju"da*ism, n. Etym: [L. Judaïsmus: cf. F. judaïsme.]

1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined in the laws of Moses. J. S. Mill.

2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.

JUDAIST Ju"da*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes and practices Judaism.

JUDAISTIC Ju`da*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Judaism.

JUDAIZATION Ju`da*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the Jewish religion or ritual. [R.]

JUDAIZE Ju"da*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judaized; p. pr. & vb. n. Judaizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. judaïser.]

Defn: To conform to the doctrines, observances, or methods of the Jews; to inculcate or impose Judaism. They . . . prevailed on the Galatians to Judaize so far as to observe the rites of Moses in various instances. They were Judaizing doctors, who taught the observation of the Mosaic law. Bp. Bull.

JUDAIZE Ju"da*ize, v. t.

Defn: To impose Jewish observances or rites upon; to convert to Judaism. The heretical Theodotion, the Judaized Symmachus. Milton.

JUDAIZER Ju"da*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who conforms to or inculcates Judaism; specifically, pl. (Ch. Hist.), those Jews who accepted Christianity but still adhered to the law of Moses and worshiped in the temple at Jerusalem.

JUDAIZERS Ju"da*iz`ers (ju"day*iz`erz), n. pl.

Defn: See Raskolnik.

JUDAS Ju"das, n.

Defn: The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous person; one who betrays under the semblance of friendship. — a.

Defn: Treacherous; betraying. Judas hole, a peephole or secret opening for spying. — Judas kiss, a deceitful and treacherous kiss. — Judas tree (Bot.), a leguminous tree of the genus Cercis, with pretty, rose-colored flowers in clusters along the branches. Judas is said to have hanged himself on a tree of this genus (C. Siliquastrum). C. Canadensis and C. occidentalis are the American species, and are called also redbud.

JUDAS-COLORED Ju"das-col`ored, a.

Defn: Red; — from a tradition that Judas Iscariot had red hair and beard. There's treachery in that Judas-colored beard. Dryden.

JUDDOCK Jud"dock, n. Etym: [For judcock; jud (equiv. to Prov. E. gid a jacksnipe, W. giach snipe) + cock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jacksnipe.

JUDEAN Ju*de"an, a. Etym: [L. Judaeus. See Jew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Judea. — n.

Defn: A native of Judea; a Jew.

JUDGE Judge, n. Etym: [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See Judge, v. i.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. Bacon.

2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic. A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. Dryden.

3. A person appointed to decide in aas, a judge in a horse race.

4. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years.

5. pl.

Defn: The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges. Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. — Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial.

Syn. — Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.

JUDGE Judge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged; p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] Etym: [OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See Just, a., and Diction, and cf. Judicial.]

1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence. The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen. xvi. 5. Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right! Milton.

2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See Judge, v. t., 3. Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. Shak.

3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about. Judge not according to the appearance. John vii. 24. She is wise if I can judge of her. Shak.

JUDGE Judge, v. t.

1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. "Chaos [shall] judge the strife." Milton.

2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom. God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccl. iii. 7. To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by him. Shak.

3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward. Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt. vii. 1.

4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon. If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. Acts xvi. 15.

5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.] Make us a king to judge us. 1 Sam. viii. 5.

JUDGE-MADE Judge"-made`, a.

Defn: Created by judges or judicial decision; — applied esp. to law applied or established by the judicial interpretation of statutes so as extend or restrict their scope, as to meet new cases, to provide new or better remedies, etc., and often used opprobriously of acts of judicial interpretation considered as doing this.

The law of the 13th century was judge-made law in a fuller and more literal sense than the law of any succeeding century has been. Sir Frederick Pollock.

JUDGER Judg"er, n.

Defn: One who judges. Sir K. Digby.

JUDGESHIP Judge"ship, n.

Defn: The office of a judge.

JUDGMENT Judg"ment, n. Etym: [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL. judicamentum, fr. L. judicare. See Judge, v. i.]

1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations of thins, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited confidence. I oughte deme, of skilful jugement, That in the salte sea my wife is deed. Chaucer.

2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; as, a man of judgment; a politician without judgment. He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with judgment. Ps. lxxii. 2. Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes. Theseus. Rather your eyes must with his judgment look. Shak.

3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision. She in my judgment was as fair as you. Shak. Who first his judgment asked, and then a place. Pope.

4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all. In judgments between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man needs, but what is his own. Jer. Taylor. Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. Shak.

5. (Philos.) (a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of ascertaining their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and identical. (b) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2. A judgment is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or denied of another. Sir W. Hamilton. The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or false, probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty of judgment. Stewart.

6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong committed; a providential punishment. "Judgments are prepared for scorners." Prov. xix. 29. "This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble." Shak.

7. (Theol.)

Defn: The final award; the last sentence.

Note: Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement, and lodgement.

Note: Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne. Judgment day (Theol.), the last day, or period when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government. — Judgment debt (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order. — Judgment hall, a hall where courts are held. — Judgment seat, the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court; a tribunal. "We shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ." Rom. xiv. 10. — Judgment summons (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment. Arrest of judgment. (Law) See under Arrest, n. — Judgment of God, a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under Ordeal.

Syn. — Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence; understanding. See Taste.

JUDICABLE Ju"di*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. judicabilis. See Judge, v. i.]

Defn: Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided upon. Jer. Taylor.

JUDICATIVE Ju"di*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Having power to judge; judicial; as, the judicative faculty. Hammond.

JUDICATORY Ju"di*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. judicatorius.]

Defn: Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing justice; judicial; as, judicatory tribunals. T. Wharton. Power to reject in an authoritative or judicatory way. Bp. Hall.

JUDICATORY Ju"di*ca*to*ry (277), n. Etym: [L. judicatorium.]

1. A court of justice; a tribunal. Milton.

2. Administration of justice. The supreme court of judicatory. Clarendon.

JUDICATURE Ju"di*ca*ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. judicatura.]

1. The state or profession of those employed in the administration of justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice. The honor of the judges in their judicature is the king's honor. Bacon.

2. A court of justice; a judicatory. South.

3. The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of a judge or court. Our Savior disputes not here the judicature, for that was not his office, but the morality, of divorce. Milton.

JUDICIAL Ju*di"cial, a. Etym: [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment, fr. judex judge: cf. OF. judicial. See Judge.]

1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale. "Judicial massacres." Macaulay. Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was abrogated. Milton.

2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind.

3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative, administrative, or executive. See Executive.

4. Judicious. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

JUDICIALLY Ju*di"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a judicial capacity or judicial manner. "The Lords . . . sitting judicially." Macaulay.

JUDICIARY Ju*di"cia*ry, a. Etym: [L. judiciarius, fr. judicium judgment: cf. F. judiciare. See Judicial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals; judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding. Bp. Burnet.

JUDICIARY Ju*di"cia*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. judiciaria, F. judiciaire.]

Defn: That branch of government in which judicial power is vested; the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges, taken collectively; as, an independent judiciary; the senate committee on the judiciary.

JUDICIOUS Ju*di"cious, a. Etym: [F. judicieux, fr. L. judicium judgment. See Judicial.]

Defn: Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.] His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak.

2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet. He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows The fits o' the season. Shak.

Syn. — Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning; sagacious; well-advised.

JUDICIOUSLY Ju*di"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.

JUDICIOUSNESS Ju*di"cious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; s

JUG Jug, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Jug, a corruption of, or nickname for, Joanna; cf. 2d Jack, and Jill. See Johannes.]

1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.

2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]

3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] Gay.

JUG Jug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Jugging.]

1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as, to jug a hare.

2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]

JUG Jug, v. i. (Zoöl.)

1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do, especially the nightingale.

2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; — said of quails and partridges.

JUGAL Ju"gal, a. Etym: [L. jugalis, fr. jugum yoke.]

1. Relating to a yoke, or to marriage. [Obs.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek bone.

JUGATA Ju*ga"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. of L. jugatus, p. p. of jugare to join.] (Numis.)

Defn: The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either side by side or joined.

JUGATED Ju"ga*ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Coupled together.

JUGE Juge, n.

Defn: A judge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JUGEMENT Jug"e*ment, n.

Defn: Judgment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JUGER Ju"ger, n. Etym: [L. jugerum.]

Defn: A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth.

JUGGER Jug"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian falcon. See Lugger.

JUGGERNAUT Jug"ger*naut`, n. Etym: [Skr. jagannatha lord of the world.]

Defn: One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as Krishna, is worshiped by the Hindoos. [Written also Juggernnath, Jaganath, Jaganatha, etc.]

Note: The principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut is at Pûri in Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn from the temple by the multitude, on a high car with sixteen wheels. Formerly, fanatics sometimes threw themselves under the wheels to be crushed as a sacrifice to the god.

JUGGLE Jug"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Juggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Juggling.] Etym: [OE. juglen; cf. OF. jogler, jugler, F. jongler. See Juggler.]

1. To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by tricks of skill; to conjure.

2. To practice artifice or imposture. Be these juggling fiends no more believed. Shak.

JUGGLE Jug"gle, v. t.

Defn: To deceive by trick or artifice. Is't possible the spells of France should juggle Men into such strange mysteries Shak.

JUGGLE Jug"gle, n.

1. A trick by sleight of hand.

2. An imposture; a deception. Tennyson. A juggle of state to cozen the people. Tillotson.

3. A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split. Knight.

JUGGLER Jug"gler, n. Etym: [OE. jogelour, juglur, OF. jogleor, jugleor, jongleor, F. jongleur, fr. L. joculator a jester, joker, fr. joculus a little jest or joke, dim. of jocus jest, joke. See Joke, and cf. Jongleur, Joculator.]

1. One who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer. As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. Shak. Jugglers and impostors do daily delude them. Sir T. Browne.

2. A deceiver; a cheat. Shak.

JUGGLERESS Jug"gler*ess, n.

1. A female juggler. T. Warton.

JUGGLERY Jug"gler*y, n. Etym: [OE. & OF. joglerie, F. jonglerie.]

1. The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.

2. Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.

JUGGLING Jug"gling, a.

Defn: Cheating; tricky. — Jug"gling*ly, adv.

JUGGLING Jug"gling, n.

Defn: Jugglery; underhand practice.

JUGGS Juggs, n. pl.

Defn: See Jougs. [Scot.]

JUGLANDIN Jug"lan*din, n. Etym: [L. juglans, -andis, a walnut: cf. F. juglandine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used medicinally as an alterative, and also as a black hair dye.

JUGLANDINE Jug"lan*dine, n.

Defn: An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut (Juglans regia).

JUGLANS Jug"lans, n. Etym: [L., walnut.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of valuable trees, including the true walnut of Europe, and the America black walnut, and butternut.

JUGLONE Ju"glone, n. Etym: [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance resembling quinone, extracted from green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia); — called also nucin.

JUGULAR Ju"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. jugulum the collar bone, which joins together the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to jungere to yoke, to join: cf. F. jugulaire. See Join.]

1. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the jugular vein. (b) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular foramen.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; — said of certain fishes.

JUGULAR Ju"gu*lar, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jugulaire. See Jugular, a.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the large veins which return the blood from the head to the heart through two chief trunks, an external and an internal, on each side of the neck; — called also the jugular vein.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish which has the ventral fins situated forward of the pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one of a division of fishes (Jugulares).

JUGULATE Ju"gu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Jugulating.] Etym: [L. jugulatus, p. p. of jugulare, fr. jugulatum. See Jugular.]

Defn: To cut the throat of. [R.] Jacob Bigelow.

JUGULUM Ju"gu*lum, n.; pl. Jugula. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lower throat, or that part of the neck just above the breast.

JUGUM Ju"gum, n.; pl. L. Juga, E. Jugums. Etym: [L., a yoke, ridge.] (Bot.) (a) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous plants. (b) A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.

JUICE Juice, n. Etym: [OE. juse, F.jus broth, gravy, juice, L. jus; akin to Skr. y.]

Defn: The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking. An animal whose juices are unsound. Arbuthnot. The juice of July flowers. B. Jonson. The juice of Egypt's grape. Shak. Letters which Edward Digby wrote in lemon juice. Macaulay. Cold water draws the juice of meat. Mrs. Whitney.

JUICE Juice, v. t.

Defn: To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Fuller.

JUICELESS Juice"less, a.

Defn: Lacking juice; dry. Dr. H. More.

JUICINESS Jui"ci*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being juicy; succulence plants.

JUICY Jui"cy, a. [Compar. Juicier; superl. Juiciest.]

Defn: A bounding with juice; succulent. Bacon.

JUISE Ju*ise", n. Etym: [OF. juise. L. judicium. See Judicial.]

Defn: Judgment; justice; sentence. [Obs.] Up [on] pain of hanging and high juise. Chaucer.

JUJUBE Ju"jube, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. zizyphum, Gr. zizf, zizaf, zayzaf.]

Defn: The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially the Z. jujuba, Z. vulgaris, Z. mucronata, and Z. Lotus. The last named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus eaters. Jujube paste, the dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube; also, a confection made of gum arabic sweetened.

JUJUTSU; JUJITSU; JIUJUTSU; JIUJITSU Ju"jut`su, n. Also Ju"jit`su, Jiu"jut`su, Jiu"jit`su. [Jap. jujutsu; ju soft (prob. because no weapons are used) + jutsu art.]

Defn: The Japanese art of self-defense without weapons, now widely used as a system of physical training. It depends for its efficiency largely upon the principle of making use of an opponent's strength and weight to disable or injure him, and by applying pressure so that his opposing movement will throw him out of balance, dislocate or break a joint, etc. It opposes knowledge and skill to brute strength, and demands an extensive practical knowledge of human anatomy.

JUKE Juke, v. i. Etym: [from Scottish jouk to bow.]

Defn: To bend the neck; to bow or duck the head. [Written also jook and jouk.] The money merchant was so proud of his trust that he went juking and tossing of his head. L' Estrange.

JUKE Juke, n.

Defn: The neck of a bird. [Prov. Eng.]

JUKE Juke, v. i. Etym: [F. juc a roost, perch, jucher to roost, to perch.]

Defn: To perch on anything, as birds do. [Obs.]

JUKES, THE Jukes, The

Defn: A pseudonym used to designate the descendants of two sisters, the "Jukes" sisters, whose husbands were sons of a backwoodsman of Dutch descent. They lived in the State of New York, and their history was investigated by R. L. Dugdale as an example of the inheritance of criminal and immoral tendencies, disease, and pauperism. Sixty per cent of those traced showed, degeneracy, and they are estimated to have cost society $1,308,000 in 75 years.

JULACEOUS Ju*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Julus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Like an ament, or bearing aments; amentaceous.

JULEP Ju"lep, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. julepe, fr. Ar. & Per. julab, jullab, fr. Per. gulab rose water and julep; gul rose + ab water.]

1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; esp. (Med.),

Defn: a sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used as a vehicle. Milton. Honey in woods, juleps in brooks. H. Vaughan.

2. A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint; — called also mint julep. [U.S.]

JULIAN Jul"ian a. Etym: [L. Julianus, fr. Julius. Cf. July, Gillian.]

Defn: Relating to, or derived from, Julius Cæsar. Julian calendar, the calendar as adjusted by Julius Cæsar, in which the year was made to consist of 365 days, each fourth year having 366 days. — Julian epoch, the epoch of the commencement of the Julian calendar, or 46 b. c. — Julian period, a chronological period of 7,980 years, combining the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19 x 15 = 7,980), being reckoned from the year 4713 B. C., when the first years of these several cycles would coincide, so that if any year of the period be divided by 28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by Scaliger, to remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological dates, and was so named because composed of Julian years. — Julian year, the year of 365 days, 6 hours, adopted in the Julian calendar, and in use until superseded by the Gregorian year, as established in the reformed or Gregorian calendar.

JULIENNE Ju`li*enne", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of soup containing thin slices or shreds of carrots, onions, etc.

JULIFORM Ju"li*form, a. Etym: [Julus + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape or appearance of a julus or catkin.

JULUS Ju"lus, n.; pl.Juli. Etym: [Of the same origin as iulus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A catkin or ament. See Ament.

JULY Ju*ly", n.; pl. Julies. Etym: [L.Julius; — named from Caius Julius Cæsar, who was born in this month: cf. F. Juillet.]

Defn: The seventh month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

Note: This month was called Quintilis, or the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the year.

JULY-FLOWER Ju*ly"-flow`er, n.

Defn: See Gillyflower.

JUMART Ju"mart, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The fabled offspring of a bull and a mare. Locke.

JUMBLE Jum"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jumbling.] Etym: [Prob. fr. jump, i. e., to make to jump, or shake.]

Defn: To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without order; — often followed by together or up. Why dost thou blend and jumble such inconsistencies together Burton. Every clime and age Jumbled together. Tennyson.

JUMBLE Jum"ble, v. i.

Defn: To meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly. Swift.

JUMBLE Jum"ble, n.

1. A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order; as, a jumble of words.

2. A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped.

JUMBLEMENT Jum"ble*ment, n.

Defn: Confused mixture. [Low]

JUMBLER Jum"bler, n.

Defn: One who confuses things.