S (continued 3)

SAPAN WOOD Sa*pan" wood. Etym: [Malay sapang.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dyewood yielded by Cæsalpinia Sappan, a thorny leguminous tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the original Brazil wood. [Written also sappan wood.]

SAPFUL Sap"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in sap; sappy.

SAPHEAD Sap"head`, n.

Defn: A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]

SAPHENOUS Sa*phe"nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.) (a) Manifest; — applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower limb of man. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous veins; as, the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the broad fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein passes.

SAPID Sap"id, a. Etym: [L. sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. sapide. See Sapient, Savor.]

Defn: Having the power of affecting the organs of taste; possessing savor, or flavor. Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with their feet. Sir T. Browne.

SAPIDITY Sa*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sapid; taste; savor; savoriness. Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than another. M. S. Lamson.

SAPIDNESS Sap"id*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sapid; sapidity. When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of the fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return. Jer. Taylor.

SAPIENCE Sa"pi*ence, n. Etym: [L. sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See Sapient..]

Defn: The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge. Cowper. Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered sapience. Tennyson.

SAPIENT Sa"pi*ent, a. Etym: [L. sapiens, -entis, p.pr. of sapere to taste to have sense, to know. See Sage, a.]

Defn: Wise; sage; discerning; — often in irony or contempt. Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse. Milton.

Syn. — Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.

SAPIENTIAL Sa`pi*en"tial, a. Etym: [L. sapientialis.]

Defn: Having or affording wisdom. — Sa`pi*en"tial*ly, adv. The sapiential books of the Old [Testament]. Jer. Taylor.

SAPIENTIOUS Sa`pi*en"tious, a.

Defn: Sapiential. [Obs.]

SAPIENTIZE Sa"pi*ent*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make sapient. [R.] Coleridge.

SAPIENTLY Sa"pi*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sapient manner.

SAPINDACEOUS Sap`in*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of trees and shrubs (Sapindaceæ), including the (Typical) genus Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other genera.

SAPINDUS Sa*pin"dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used instead of soap, and their round black seeds are made into necklaces.

SAPLESS Sap"less, a.

1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.

2. Fig.: Dry, old; husky; withered; spiritless. "A somewhat sapless womanhood." Lowell. Now sapless on the verge of death he stands. Dryden.

SAPLING sap"ling, n.

Defn: A young tree. Shak.

SAPODILLA Sap`o*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo, Mexican cochit-zapotl. Cf. Sapota.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree (Achras Sapota); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum. [Written also sapadillo, sappadilo, sappodilla, and zapotilla.] Sapodilla plum (Bot.), the fruit of Achras Sapota. It is about the size of an ordinary quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously sweet. Called also naseberry. It is eatable only when it begins to be spotted, and is much used in desserts.

SAPOGENIN Sa*pog"e*nin, n. Etym: [Saponin + -gen + in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.

SAPONACEOUS Sap`o*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap, of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. soap. See Soap.]

Defn: Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.

Note: Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base, and are in reality a kind of salt.

SAPONACITY Sap`o*nac"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being saponaceous.

SAPONARY Sap"o*na*ry, a.

Defn: Saponaceous. Boyle.

SAPONIFIABLE Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable substance.

SAPONIFICATION Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. saponification. See Saponify.]

Defn: The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.

SAPONIFIER Sa*pon"i*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause saponification.

SAPONIFY Sa*pon"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saponified; p. pr. & vb. n. Saponifying.] Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F. saponifier.]

Defn: To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.

SAPONIN Sap"o*nin, n. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis soap: cf. F. saponine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphus powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anæstesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quilaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.

SAPONITE Sap"o*nite, n. Etym: [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesia and aluminia. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap rock.

SAPONUL Sap"o*nul, n. Etym: [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written also saponule.] [Obs.]

SAPOR Sa"por, n. Etym: [L. See Savor.]

Defn: Power of affecting the organs of taste; savor; flavor; taste. There is some sapor in all aliments. Sir T. Browne.

SAPORIFIC Sap`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. sapor taste + facere to make.]

Defn: Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing taste, flavor, or relish.

SAPOROSITY Sap`o*ros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.

SAPOROUS Sap"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. saporius that relishes well, savory, fr. sapor taste.]

Defn: Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] Bailey.

SAPOTA Sa*po"ta, n. Etym: [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See Sapodilla.] (Bot.)

Defn: The sapodilla.

SAPOTACEOUS Sap`o*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sapotaceæ) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree (Isonandra), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order is named.

SAPPAN WOOD Sap*pan" wood".

Defn: Sapan wood.

SAPPARE Sap"pare, n. Etym: [F. sappare; — so called by Saussure.] (Min.)

Defn: Kyanite. [Written also sappar.]

SAPPER Sap"per, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapeur.]

Defn: One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.

SAPPHIC Sap"phic, a. Etym: [L. Sapphicus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; — said of a certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl.

SAPPHIC Sap"phic, n. (Pros.)

Defn: A Sapphic verse.

SAPPHIRE Sap"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. saphir, F. saphir, L. sapphirus, Gr. sappir.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem. of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white. Chaucer.

Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See Corundum.

2. The color of the gem; bright blue.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue. Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.

SAPPHIRE Sap"phire, a.

Defn: Of or resembling sapphire; sapphire; blue. "The sapphire blaze." Gray.

SAPPHIRINE Sap"phir*ine, n.

Defn: Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of sapphire. "Sapphirine degree of hardness." Boyle.

SAPPHO Sap"pho, n. Etym: [See Sapphic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho, having very bright-colored and deeply forked tails; — called also firetail.

SAPPINESS Sap"pi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sappy; juiciness.

SAPPODILLA Sap`po*dil"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sapodilla.

SAPPY Sap"py, a. [Compar. Sappier; superl. Sappiest.] Etym: [From 1st Sap.]

1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy; succulent.

2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble. When he had passed this weak and sapy age. Hayward.

3. Weak in intellect. [Low]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting lagerly of, sapwood.

SAPPY Sap"py, a. [Written also sapy.] Etym: [Cf. L. sapere to taste.]

Defn: Musty; tainted. [Obs.]

SAPROPHAGAN Sa*proph"a*gan, n. Etym: [Gr. saprophage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon dacaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.

SAPROPHAGOUS Sa*proph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on carrion.

SAPROPHYTE Sap"ro*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.

SAPROPHYTIC Sap`ro*phyt"ic, a.

Defn: Feeding or growing upon decaying anomal or vegetable matter; pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.

SAPROPHYTISM Sap"ro*phyt*ism, n.

Defn: State or fact of being saprophytic.

SAPSAGO Sap"sa*go, n. Etym: [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape + zieger a sort of hey.]

Defn: A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with melilot.

SAPSKULL Sap"skull`, n.

Defn: A saphead. [Low]

SAPUCAIA Sap`u*ca"ia (; Pg. , n. Etym: [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian tree. See Lecythis, and Monkey-pot. [Written also sapucaya.] Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; — called also paradise nut.

SAPWOOD Sap"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The alburnum, or part of the wood on any exogenous tree next to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap flows most freely; — distinguished from Heartwood.

SARABAITE Sar"a*bai*te, n. Etym: [LL. Sarabaïtae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the early church.

SARABAND Sar"a*band, n. Etym: [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per. serbend a song.]

Defn: A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple time; also, the air itself. She has brought us the newest saraband from the court of Queen Mab. Sir W. Scott.

SARACEN Sar"a*cen, n. Etym: [l. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl. sharqiin, Oriental Eastern, fr. sharaga to rise, said of the sun: cf. F. sarrasin. Cf. Sarcenet, Sarrasin, Sirocco.]

Defn: Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders. Saracen's consound (Bot.), a kind of ragewort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.

SARACENIC; SARACENICAL Sar`a*cen"ic, Sar`a*cen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture. "Saracenic music." Sir W. Scott.

SARASIN Sar"a*sin, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Sarrasin.

SARASWATI Sa`ras*wa"ti, n. Etym: [Skr. Sarasvati.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music, and poetry.

SARCASM Sar"casm, n. Etym: [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmu, Gr.

Defn: A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest. The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of inspiration. Sir J. Reynolds.

Syn. — Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.

SARCASMOUS Sar*cas"mous, a.

Defn: Sarcastic. [Obs.] "Sarcasmous scandal." Hubidras.

SARCASTIC; SARCASTICAL Sar*cas"tic, Sar*cas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting. What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from the friendship of the world! South.

SARCASTICALLY Sar*cas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sarcastic manner.

SARCEL Sar"cel, n. Etym: [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim. of circulus. See Circle.]

Defn: One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing of a bird, esp. of a hawk.

SARCELED Sar"celed, a. (her.)

Defn: Cut through the middle.

SARCELLE Sar`celle", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The old squaw, or long-tailed duck.

SARCENET Sarce"net, n. Etym: [OF. sacenet; cf. LL. saracenium cloth made by Saracens. See Saracen.]

Defn: A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc. [Written also sarsenet.] Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye. Shak.

SARCIN Sar"cin, n.

Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.

SARCINA Sar*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids, especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in two directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a sarcina group. Sarcina form (Biol.), the tetrad form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into four; — applied particularly to bacteria. See micrococcus.

SARCLE Sar"cle, v. t. Etym: [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe, fr. sarculum hoe.]

Defn: To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

SARCO; SARCO- Sar"co.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. flesh; as, sarcophagous, flesh- eating; sarcology.

SARCOBASIS Sar*cob"a*sis, n.; pl. Sarcobases. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which contain but few seeds and cohere about a common style, as in the mallows.

SARCOBLAST Sar"co*blast, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute yellowish body present in the interior of certain rhizopods.

SARCOCARP Sar"co*carp, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. sarcocarpe.] (Bot.)

Defn: the fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See Illust. of Endocarp.

Note: The term has also been used to denote, any fruit which is fleshy throughout. M. T. Masters.

SARCOCELE Sar"co*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. sacrocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: Any solid tumor of the testicle.

SARCOCOL; SARCOCOLLA Sar"co*col, Sar`co*col"la, n. Etym: [L. sarcoccolla, from Gr. sacrocolle.]

Defn: A gum resin obtained from certain shrubs of Africa (Penæa), — formerly thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.

SARCODE Sar"code, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcoid.] (Biol.)

Defn: A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.

SARCODERM; SARCODERMA Sar"co*derm, sar`co*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. sacroderma. See Sarco-, and Derm.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and internal integuments. (b) A sarcocarp.

SARCODIC Sar*cod"ic ( or ), a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcode.

SARCOID Sar"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. Sarcode.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.

SARCOLACTIC Sar`co*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Sarco- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: relating to muscle and milk; as, sarcolactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic.

SARCOLEMMA Sar`co*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The very thin transparent and apparently homogenous sheath which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the myolemma.

SARCOLINE Sar"co*line, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Flesh-colored.

SARCOLOGIC; SARCOLOGICAL Sar`co*log"ic, Sar`co*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcology.

SARCOLOGY Sar*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -logy: cf. F. sarcologie.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It includes myology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology.

SARCOMA Sar*co"ma, n.; pl. L. Sarcomata (# or #), E. sarcomas. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A tumor of fleshy consistence; — formerly applied to many varieties of tumor, now restricted to a variety of malignant growth made up of cells resembling those of fetal development without any proper intercellular substance.

SARCOMATOUS Sar*com"a*tous ( or ), a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling sarcoma.

SARCOPHAGA Sar*coph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of carnivorous and insectivorous marsupials including the dasyures and the opossums.

SARCOPHAGA Sar*coph"a*ga, n. Etym: [NL., frm. sing. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.

SARCOPHAGAN Sar*coph"a*gan, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal which eats flesh, especially any carnivorous marsupial.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fly of the genus Sarcophaga.

SARCOPHAGOUS Sar*coph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating; carnivorous.

SARCOPHAGUS Sar*coph"a*gus, n.; pl. L. Sarcophagi, E. Sarcophaguses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sarcasm.]

1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, or Assian stone, and is said to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Holland.

2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone described above; hence, any stone coffin.

3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as a memorial.

SARCOPHAGY Sar*coph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcophagus.]

Defn: The practice of eating flesh.

SARCOPHILE Sar"co*phile, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flesh-eating animal, especially any one of the carnivorous marsupials.

SARCOPTES Sar*cop"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic mites including the itch mites.

SARCOPTID Sar*cop"tid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Sarcoptes and related genera of mites, comprising the itch mites and mange mites. — a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the itch mites.

SARCORHAMPHI Sar`co*rham"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of raptorial birds composing the vultures.

SARCOSEPTUM Sar`co*sep"tum, n.; pl. Sarcosepta. Etym: [Sarco- + septum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the mesenteries of an anthozoan.

SARCOSIN Sar"co*sin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in the decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.

SARCOSIS Sar*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Abnormal formation of flesh. (b) Sarcoma.

SARCOTIC Sar*cot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. sarcotique.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing or promoting the growth of flesh. [R.] — n.

Defn: A sarcotic medicine. [R.]

SARCOUS Sar"cous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Fleshy; — applied to the minute stryctural elements, called sarcous elements, or sarcous disks, of which striated muscular fiber is composed.

SARCULATION Sar`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sarculatio. See Sarcle.]

Defn: A weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.

SARD Sard, n. Etym: [L. sarda, Gr. sarde. Cf. Sardius.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish red color. See the Note under Chalcedony.

SARDACHATE Sar"da*chate, n. Etym: [L. sardachates: cf. F. Sardachate. See Sard, and Agate.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of agate containing sard.

SARDAN; SARDEL Sar"dan, Sar"del, n. Etym: [It. sardella. See Sardine a fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sardine. [Obs.]

SARDEL Sar"del, n.

Defn: A precious stone. See Sardius.

SARDINE Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. sardine (cf. Sp. sardina, sarda, It. sardina, sardella), L. sardina, sarda; cf. Gr. sardinia, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea pichardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the menhaden.

SARDINE Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n.

Defn: See Sardius.

SARDINIAN Sar*din"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Sardinianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island, kingdom, or people of Sardinia. — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Sardinia.

SARDIUS Sar"di*us, n. Etym: [L. sardius, lapis sardinus, Gr. Sard.]

Defn: A precious stone, probably a carnelian, one of which was set in Aaron's breastplate. Ex. xxviii. 17.

SARDOIN Sar"doin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sardoine.] (Min.)

Defn: Sard; carnelian.

SARDONIAN Sar*do"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sardonien.]

Defn: Sardonic. [Obs.] "With Sardonian smile." Spenser.

SARDONIC Sar*don"ic, a. Etym: [F. sardonique, L. sardonius, Gr. Sardinia, Gr.

Defn: Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; — applied only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety. Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still, And grief is forced to laugh against her will. Sir H. Wotton. The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody ruffian. Burke. Sardonic grin or laugh, an old medical term for a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.

SARDONIC Sar*don"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a kind of linen made at Colchis.

SARDONYX Sar"do*nyx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sard, and Onyx.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of onyx consisting of sard and white chalcedony in alternate layers.

SAREE Sa"ree, n. Etym: [Hind.

Defn: The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. It consists of a long piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the middle of the body, a portion being arranged to hang down in front, and the remainder passed across the bosom over the left shoulder.

SARGASSO Sar*gas"so, n. Etym: [Sp. sargazo seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: The gulf weed. See under Gulf. Sargasso Sea, a large tract of the North Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on the surface.

SARGASSUM Sar*gas"sum, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A genus of algæ including the gulf weed.

SARGO Sar"go, n. Etym: [Sp. sargo, L. sargus a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sparoid fishes belonging to Sargus, Pomodasys, and related genera; — called also sar, and saragu.

SARI Sa"ri, n.

Defn: Same as Saree.

SARIGUE Sa*rigue", n. Etym: [F., from Braz. çarigueia, çarigueira.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American opossum (Didelphys opossum), having four white spots on the face.

SARK Sark, n. Etym: [AS. serce, syrce, ashirt; akin to Icel. serkr, Sw. särk.]

Defn: A shirt. [Scot.]

SARK Sark, v. t. (Carp.)

Defn: To cover with sarking, or thin boards.

SARKIN Sar"kin, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.

SARKING Sark"ing, n. Etym: [From Sark shirt.] (Carp.)

Defn: Thin boards for shealting, as above the rafters, and under the shingles or slates, and for similar purposes.

SARLAC; SARLYK Sar"lac, Sar"lyk, n. Etym: [Mongolian sarlyk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yak.

SARMATIAN; SARMATIC Sar*ma"tian, Sar*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. Sarmaticus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sarmatia, or its inhabitants, the ancestors of the Russians und the Poles.

SARMENT Sar"ment, n. Etym: [L. sarmentum a twig, fr. sarpere to cut off, to trim: cf. F. sarment.] (Bot.)

Defn: A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of the strawbwrry. See Runner.

SARMENTACEOUS Sar`men*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing sarments, or runners, as the strawberry.

SARMENTOSE Sar`men*tose" ( or ), a. Etym: [L. sarmentosus: cf. F. sarmenteux. See Sarment.] (Bot.) (a) Long and filiform, and almost naked, or having only leaves at the joints where it strikes root; as, a sarmentose stem. (b) Bearing sarments; sarmentaceous.

SARMENTOUS Sar*men"tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Sarmentose.

SARN Sarn, n. Etym: [W. sarn a causeway, paving.]

Defn: A pavement or stepping-stone. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

SARONG Sa"rong, n. Etym: [Malay sarung.]

Defn: A sort of petticoat worn by both sexes in Java and the Malay Archipelago. Balfour (Cyc. of India)

SAROS Sa"ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron)

Defn: A Chaldean astronomical period or cycle, the length of which has been variously estimated from 3,600 years to 3,600 days, or a little short of 10 years. Brande & C.

SARPLAR Sar"plar, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. sarplare. See Sarplier.]

Defn: A large bale or package of wool, containing eighty tods, or 2,240 pounds, in weight. [Eng.]

SARPLIER Sar"plier, n. Etym: [F. serpillière; cf. Pr. sargelheira, LL. serpelleria, serpleria, Catalan sarpallera, Sp. arpillera.]

Defn: A coarse cloth made of hemp, and used for packing goods, etc. [Written also sarpelere.] Tyrwhitt.

SARPO Sar"po, n. Etym: [Corruption of Sp. sapo a toad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large toadfish the Southern United States and the Gulf of Mexico (Batrachus tau, var. pardus).

SARRACENIA Sar`ra*ce"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after a Dr. Sarrazin of Quebec.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American perrenial herbs growing in bogs; the American pitcher plant.

Note: They have hollow pitcher-shaped or tubular leaves, and solitary flowers with an umbrella-shaped style. Sarracenia purpurea, the sidesaddle flower, is common at the North; S. flava, rubra, Drummondii, variolaris, and psittacina are Southern species. All are insectivorous, catching and drowning insects in their curious leaves. See Illust. of Sidesaddle flower, under Sidesaddle.

SARRASIN; SARRASINE Sar"ra*sin, Sar"ra*sine, n. Etym: [F. sarrasine, LL. saracina. See Saracen.] (Fort.)

Defn: A portcullis, or herse. [Written also sarasin.]

SARSA Sar"sa, n.

Defn: Sarsaparilla. [Written also sarza.]

SARSAPARILLA Sar`sa*pa*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zarzaparrilla; zarza a bramble (perhaps fr. Bisc. zartzia) + parra a vine, or Parillo, a physician said to have discovered it.] (Bot.) (a) Any plant of several tropical American species of Smilax. (b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants, used in medicine and in sirups for soda, etc.

Note: The name is also applied to many other plants and their roots, especially to the Aralia nudicaulis, the wild sarsaparilla of the United States.

SARSAPARILLIN Sar`sa*pa*ril"lin, n.

Defn: See Parillin.

SARSE Sarse, n. Etym: [F. sas, OF. saas, LL. setatium, fr. L. seta a stiff hair.]

Defn: A fine sieve; a searce. [Obs.]

SARSE Sarse, v. t.

Defn: To sift through a sarse. [Obs.]

SARSEN Sar"sen, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain; perhaps for saracen stone, i.e., a heathen or pagan stone or monument.]

Defn: One of the large sandstone blocks scattered over the English chalk downs; — called also sarsen stone, and Druid stone. [Eng.]

SARSENET Sarse"net, n.

Defn: See Sarcenet.

SART Sart, n.

Defn: An assart, or clearing. [Obs.] Bailey.

SARTORIAL Sar*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [See Sartorius.]

1. Of or pertaining to a tailor or his work. Our legs skulked under the table as free from sartorial impertinences as those of the noblest savages. Lowell.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to thesartorius muscle.

SARTORIUS Sar*to"ri*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sartor a patcher, tailor, fr. sarcire, sartum, to patch, mend.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle of the thigh, called the tailor's muscle, which arises from the hip bone and is inserted just below the knee. So named because its contraction was supposed to produce the position of the legs assumed by the tailor in sitting.

SARUM USE Sa"rum use`. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A liturgy, or use, put forth about 1087 by St. Osmund, bishop of Sarum, based on Anglo-Saxon and Norman customs.

SASH Sash, n. Etym: [Pers. shast a sort of girdle.]

Defn: A scarf or band worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or otherwise; a belt; a girdle, — worn by women and children as an ornament; also worn as a badge of distinction by military officers, members of societies, etc.

SASH Sash, v. t.

Defn: To adorn with a sash or scarf. Burke.

SASH Sash, n. Etym: [F. sh a frame, sash, fr. sh a shrine, reliquary, frame, L. capsa. See Case a box.]

1. The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a glazed window or door, including the narrow bars between the panes.

2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the saw is strained and by which it is carried up and down with a reciprocating motion; - - also called gate. French sash, a casement swinging on hinges; — in distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and down.

SASH Sash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sashing.]

Defn: To furnish with a sash or sashes; as, to sash a door or a window.

SASHERY Sash"er*y, n. Etym: [From 1st Sash.]

Defn: A collection of sashes; ornamentation by means of sashes. [R.] Distinguished by their sasheries and insignia. Carlyle.

SASHOON Sash"oon, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of pad worn on the leg under the boot. [Obs.] Nares.

SASIN Sa"sin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Indian antelope (Antilope bezoartica, or cervicapra), noted for its beauty and swiftness. It has long, spiral, divergent horns.

SASSABY; SASSABYE Sas"sa*by, Sas"sa*bye, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African antelope (Alcelaphus tunata), similar to the hartbeest, but having its horns regularly curved.

SASSAFRAS Sas"sa*fras, n. Etym: [F. sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso, sassafras, Sp. sasafras, salsafras, salsifrax, salsifragia, saxifragia), fr. L. saxifraga saxofrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree of the Laurel family (Sassafras officinale); also, the bark of the roots, which has an aromatic smell and taste. Australian sassafras, a lofty tree (Doryophora Sassafras) with aromatic bark and leaves. — Chilian sassafras, an aromatic tree (Laurelia sempervirens). — New Zealand sassafras, a similar tree (Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ). — Sassafras nut. See Pichurim bean. — Swamp sassafras, the sweet bay (Magnolia glauca). See Magnolia.

SASSANAGE Sas"sa*nage, n. Etym: [See Sarse a sieve.]

Defn: Stones left after sifting. Smart.

SASSARARA Sas`sa*ra"ra, n. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of certiorari, the name of a writ.]

Defn: A word used to emphasize a statement. [Obs.] Out she shall pack, with a sassarara. Goldsmith.

SASSE Sasse, n. Etym: [D. sas, fr. F. sas the basin of a waterfall.]

Defn: A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make it more navigable. [Obs.] Pepys.

SASSENACH Sas"sen*ach, n. Etym: [Gael. sasunnach.]

Defn: A Saxon; an Englishman; a Lowlander. [Celtic] Sir W. Scott.

SASSOLIN; SASSOLINE Sas"so*lin, Sas"so*line, n. Etym: [From Sasso, a town in Italy: cf. F. sassolin.] (Min.)

Defn: Native boric acid, found in saline incrustations on the borders of hot springs near Sasso, in the territory of Florence.

SASSOROL; SASSOROLLA Sas"so*rol, Sas`so*rol"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rock pigeon. See under Pigeon.

SASSY BARK Sas"sy bark`. (Bot.)

Defn: The bark of a West African leguminous tree (Erythrophlæum Guineense, used by the natives as an ordeal poison, and also medicinally; — called also mancona bark.

SASTRA Sas"tra, n.

Defn: Same as Shaster.

SASTRUGI Sas*tru"gi.

Defn: Incorrect, but common, var. of Zastrugi.

SAT Sat,

Defn: imp. of Sit. [Written also sate.]

SATAN Sa"tan, n. Etym: [Heb. satan an adversary, fr. satan to be adverse, to persecute: cf. GR. Satan, Satanas.]

Defn: The grand adversary of man; The Devil, or Prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels; the archfiend. I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke x. 18.

SATANIC; SATANICAL Sa*tan"ic, Sa*tan"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. satanique, GR.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Satan; having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal. "Satanic strength." "Satanic host." Milton. Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile, exults over the character it has ruined. Dr. T. Dwight. — Sa*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. — Sa*tan"ic*al*ness, n.

SATANISM Sa"tan*ism, n.

Defn: The evil and malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical sprit. [R.]

SATANIST Sa"tan*ist, n.

Defn: A very wicked-person. [R.] Granger.

SATANOPHANY Sa`tan*oph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Satan + Gr.

Defn: An incarnation of Satan; a being possessed by a demon. [R.] O. A. Brownson.

SATCHEL Satch"el n. Etym: [OF. sachel, fr. L. saccellus, dim. of saccus. See Sack a bag.]

Defn: A little sack or bag for carrying papers, books, or small articles of wearing apparel; a hand bag. [Spelled also sachel.] The whining schoolboy with his satchel. Shak.

SATE Sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sating.] Etym: [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]

Defn: To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. Crowds of wanderers sated with the business and pleasure of great cities. Macaulay.

SATE Sate,

Defn: imp. of Sit. But sate an equal guest at every board. Lowell.

SATEEN Sat*een", n. Etym: [Cf. Satin.]

Defn: A kind of dress goods made of cotton or woolen, with a glossy surface resembling satin.

SATELESS Sate"less, a.

Defn: Insatiable. [R.] Young.

SATELLITE Sat"el*lite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. Stelles, -itis, an attendant.]

1. An attendant attached to a prince or other powerful person; hence, an obsequious dependent. "The satellites of power." I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A secondary planet which revolves about another planet; as, the moon is a satellite of the earth. See Solar system, under Solar. Satellite moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth (Scopelosoma satellitia).

SATELLITE Sat"el*lite, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated near; accompanying; as, the satellite veins, those which accompany the arteries.

SATELLITIOUS Sat`el*li"tious, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, satellites. [R.] Cheyne.

SATHANAS Sath"an*as, n. [L. Satanas. See Satan]

Defn: Satan. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyclif.

SATIATE Sa"ti*ate, a. Etym: [L. satiatus, p. p. of satiare to satisfy, from sat, satis, enough. See Sad, a., and cf. Sate.]

Defn: Filled to satiety; glutted; sated; — followed by with or of. "Satiate of applause." Pope.

SATIATE Sa"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Satiating.]

1. To satisfy the appetite or desire of; tho feed to the full; to furnish enjoyment to, to the extent of desire; to sate; as, to satiate appetite or sense. These [smells] rather woo the sense than satiate it. Bacon. I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they should be satiated with my blood. Eikon Basilike.

2. To full beyond matural desire; to gratify to repletion or loathing; to surfeit; to glut.

3. To saturate. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

Syn. — To satisfy; sate; suffice; cloy; gorge; overfill; surfeit; glut. — Satiate, Satisfy, Content. These words differ principally in degree. To Content is to make contented, even though every desire or appetite is not fully gratified. To satisfy is to appease fully the longings of desire. To satiate is to fill so completely that it is not possible to receive or enjoy more; hence, to overfill; to cause disgust in. Content with science in the vale of peace. Pope. His whole felicity is endless strife; No peace, no satisfaction, crowns his life. Beaumont. He may be satiated, but not satisfied. Norris.

SATIATION Sa`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: Satiety.

SATIETY Sa*ti"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. satietas, from satis, sat, enough: cf. F. satiété.]

Defn: The state of being satiated or glutted; fullness of gratification, either of the appetite or of any sensual desire; fullness beyond desire; an excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or loathing; repletion; satiation. In all pleasures there is satiety. Hakewill. But thy words, with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. Milton.

Syn. — Repletion; satiation; surfeit; cloyment.

SATIN Sat"in, n. Etym: [F. satin (cf. Pg. setim), fr. It. setino, from seta silk, L. saeta, seta, a thick, stiff hair, a bristle; or possibly ultimately of Chinese origin; cf. Chin. sz-tün, sz-twan. Cf. Sateen.]

Defn: A silk cloth, of a thick, close texture, and overshot woof, which has a glossy surface. Cloths of gold and satins rich of hue. Chaucer. Denmark satin, a kind of lasting; a stout worsted stuff, woven with a satin twill, used for women's shoes. — Farmer's satin. See under Farmer. — Satin bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bower bird. Called also satin grackle. — Satin flower (Bot.) See Honesty, 4. — Satin spar. (Min.) (a) A fine fibrous variety of calcite, having a pearly luster. (b) A similar variety of gypsum. — Satin sparrow (Zoöl.), the shining flycatcher (Myiagra nitida) of Tasmania and Australia. The upper surface of the male is rich blackish green with a metallic luster. — Satin stone, satin spar.

SATINET Sat`i*net", n. Etym: [F., fr. satin. See Satin.]

1. A thin kind of satin.

2. A kind of cloth made of cotton warp and woolen filling, used chiefly for trousers.

SATINETTE Sat`i*nette", n.

Defn: One of a breed of fancy frilled pigeons allied to the owls and turbits, having the body white, the shoulders tricolored, and the tail bluish black with a large white spot on each feather.

SATIN WEAVE Sat"in weave.

Defn: A style of weaving producing smooth-faced fabric in which the warp interlaces with the filling at points distributed over the surface.

SATINWOOD sat"in*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The hard, lemon-colored, fragrant wood of an East Indian tree (Chloroxylon Swietnia). It takes a lustrous finish, and is used in cabinetwork. The name is also given to the wood of a species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum Caribæum) growing in Florida and the West Indies.

SATINY Sat"in*y, a.

Defn: Like or composed of satin; glossy; as, to have a satiny appearance; a satiny texture.

SATION Sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. satio, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]

Defn: A sowing or planting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SATIRE Sat"ire (; in Eng. often , n. Etym: [L. satira, satura, fr. satura (sc. lanx) a dish filled with various kinds of fruits, food composed of various ingredients, a mixture, a medley, fr. satur full of food, sated, fr. sat, satis, enough: cf. F. satire. See Sate, Sad, a., and cf. Saturate.]

1. A composition, generally poetical, holding up vice or folly to reprobation; a keen or severe exposure of what in public or private morals deserves rebuke; an invective poem; as, the Satires of Juvenal.

2. Keeness and severity of remark; caustic exposure to reprobation; trenchant wit; sarcasm.

Syn. — Lampoon; sarcasm; irony; ridicule; pasquinade; burlesque; wit; humor.

SATIRIC; SATIRICAL Sa*tir"ic, Sa*tir"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. satiricus: cf. F. satirique.]

1. Of or pertaining to satire; of the nature of satire; as, a satiric style.

2. Censorious; severe in language; sarcastic; insulting. "Satirical rogue." Shak.

Syn. — Cutting; caustic; poignant; sarcastic; ironical; bitter; reproachful; abusive. — Sa*tir"ic*al*ly, adv. — Sa*tir"ic*al*ness, n.

SATIRIST Sat"ir*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. satiriste.]

Defn: One who satirizes; especially, one who writes satire. The mighty satirist, who . . . had spread through the Whig ranks. Macaulay.

SATIRIZE Sat"ir*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satirized; p. pr. & vb. n. Satirizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. satiriser.]

Defn: To make the object of satire; to attack with satire; to censure with keenness or severe sarcasm. It is as hard to satirize well a man of distinguished vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished virtues. Swift.

SATISFACTION Sat`is*fac"tion, n. Etym: [OE. satisfaccioum, F. satisfaction, fr. L. satisfactio, fr. satisfacere to satisfy. See Satisfy.]

1. The act of satisfying, or the state of being satisfied; gratification of desire; contentment in possession and enjoyment; repose of mind resulting from compliance with its desires or demands. The mind having a power to suspend the execution and satisfaction of any of its desires. Locke.

2. Settlement of a claim, due, or demand; payment; indemnification; adequate compensation. We shall make full satisfaction. Shak.

3. That which satisfies or gratifiles; atonement. Die he, or justice must; unless or him Some other, able, and as willing, pay The rigid satisfaction, death for death. Milton.

Syn. — Contentment; content; gratification; pleasure; recompence; compensation; amends; remuneration; indemnification; atonement.

SATISFACTIVE Sat`is*fac"tive, a.

Defn: Satisfactory. [Obs.] Satisfactive discernment of fish. Sir T. Browne.

SATISFACTORY Sat`is*fac"to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. satisfactoire.]

1. Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content; especially, relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty, and enabling it to rest with confidence; sufficient; as, a satisfactory account or explanation.

2. Making amends, indemnification, or recompense; causing to cease from claims and to rest content; compensating; atoning; as, to make satisfactory compensation, or a satisfactory apology. A most wise and sufficient means of redemption and salvation, by the satisfactory and meritorius death and obedience of the incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ. Bp. Sanderson. — Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ty, adv. — Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness, n.

SATISFIABLE Sat"is*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be satisfied.

SATISFIER Sat"is*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who satisfies.

SATISFY Sat"is*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satisfied; p. pr. & vb. n. Satisfying.] Etym: [OF. satisfier; L. satis enough + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. F. satisfaire, L. satisfacere. See Sad, a., and Fact.]

1. In general, to fill up the measure of a want of (a person or a thing); hence, to grafity fully the desire of; to make content; to supply to the full, or so far as to give contentment with what is wished for. Death shall . . . with us two Be forced to satisfy his ravenous maw. Milton.

2. To pay to the extent of chaims or deserts; to give what is due to; as, to satisfy a creditor.

3. To answer or discharge, as a claim, debt, legal demand, or the like; to give compensation for; to pay off; to requitte; as, to satisfy a claim or an execution.

4. To free from doubrt, suspense, or uncertainty; to give assurance to; as, to satisfy one's self by inquiry. The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in themselves most firm, solid, and satisfying. Atterbury.

Syn. — To satiate; sate; content; grafity; compensate. See Satiate.

SATISFY Sat"is*fy, v. i.

1. To give satisfaction; to afford gratification; to leave nothing to be desire.

2. To make payment or atonement; to atone. Milton.

SATISFYINGLY Sat"is*fy`ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to satisfy; satisfactorily.

SATIVE Sa"tive, a. Etym: [L. sativus, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]

Defn: Sown; propagated by seed. [Obs.] Evelyn.

SATLE Sa"tle, v. t. & i.

Defn: To settle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SATRAP Sa"trap ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [L. satrapes, Gr. khsatrapavan ruler: cf. F. satrape.]

Defn: The governor of a province in ancient Persia; hence, a petty autocrat despot.

SATRAPAL Sa"trap*al ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a satrap, or a satrapy.

SATRAPESS Sa"trap*ess ( or ), n.

Defn: A female satrap.

SATRAPICAL Sa*trap"ic`al, a.

Defn: Satrapal. [R.]

SATRAPY Sa"trap*y, n.; pl. Satrapies. Etym: [L. satrapia, satrapea, Gr. satrapie.]

Defn: The government or jurisdiction of a satrap; a principality. Milton.

SATSUMA WARE Sat"su*ma ware" ( or ). (Fine Arts)

Defn: A kind of ornamental hard-glazed pottery made at Satsuma in Kiushu, one of the Japanese islands.

SATURABLE Sat"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. saturabilis: cf. F. saturable.]

Defn: Capable of being saturated; admitting of saturation. — Sat`u*ra*bil"i*ty, n.

SATURANT Sat"u*rant, a. Etym: [L. saturans, p. pr. See Saturate.]

Defn: Impregnating to the full; saturating.

SATURANT Sat"u*rant, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance used to neutralize or saturate the affinity of another substance.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An antacid, as magnesia, used to correct acidity of the stomach.

SATURATE Sat"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saturated; p. pr. & vb. n. Saturating.] Etym: [L. saturatus, p.p. of saturate to saturate, fr. satur full of food, sated. See Satire.]

1. To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or soaked; to fill fully; to sate. Innumerable flocks and herbs covered that vast expanse of emerald meadow saturated with the moisture of the Atlantic. Macaulay. Fill and saturate each kind With good according to its mind. Emerson.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To satisfy the affinity of; to cause to become inert by chemical combination with all that it can hold; as, to saturate phosphorus with chlorine.

SATURATE Sat"u*rate, p. a. Etym: [L. saturatus, p. p.]

Defn: Filled to repletion; saturated; soaked. Dries his feathers saturate with dew. Cowper. The sand beneath our feet is saturate With blood of martyrs. Longfellow.

SATURATED Sat"u*ra`ted, a.

1. Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in solution, all that is possible; as, saturated garments; a saturated solution of salt.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Having its affinity satisfied; combined with all it can hold; - - said of certain atoms, radicals, or compounds; thus, methane is a saturated compound. Contrasted with unsaturated.

Note: A saturated compound may exchange certain ingredients for others, but can not take on more without such exchange. Saturated color (Optics), a color not diluted with white; a pure unmixed color, like those of the spectrum.

SATURATION Sat`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. saturatio: cf. F. saturation.]

1. The act of saturating, or the state of being saturating; complete penetration or impregnation.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of saturating a substance, or of combining it to its fullest extent.

3. (Optics)

Defn: Freedom from mixture or dilution with white; purity; — said of colors.

Note: The degree of saturation of a color is its relative purity, or freedom from admixture with white.

SATURATOR sat"u*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, saturates.

SATURDAY Sat"ur*day (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. Saterday, AS. Sæterdæg, Sæterndæg, Sæternesdæg, literally, Saturn's day, fr. L. Saturnus Saturn + AS. dæg day; cf. L. dies Saturni.]

Defn: The seventh or last day of the week; the day following Friday and preceding Sunday.

SATURITY Sa*tu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. saturitas, fr. satur full of food, sated.]

Defn: The state of being saturated; fullness of supply. [Obs.] Warner.

SATURN Sa"turn, n. Etym: [L. Saturnus, literally, the saower, fr. serere, satum, to sow. See Season.]

1. (Roman Myth.)

Defn: One of the elder and principal deities, the son of Coelus and Terra (Heaven and Earth), anf the father of Jupiter. The corresponding Greek divinity was Kro`nos, later CHro`nos, Time.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the planets of the solar system, next in magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean distance from the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun, nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.

3. (Alchem.)

Defn: The metal lead. [Archaic]

SATURNALIA Sat`ur*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Saturn.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: the festival of Saturn, celebrated in December, originally during one day, but afterward during seven days, as a period of unrestrained license and merriment for all classes, extending even to the slaves.

2. Hence: A period or occasion of general licemse, in which the passions or vices have riotous indulgence.

SATURNALIAN Sat`ur*na"li*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Saturnalia.

2. Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity; riotously merry; dissolute. "Saturnalian amusement." Burke.

SATURNIAN Sa*tur"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Saturnius.]

1. (Roman Myth.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age.

2. Hence: Resembling the golden age; distinguished for peacefulness, happiness, contentment. Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times. Pope.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the planet Saturn; as, the Saturnian year. Saturnian verse (Pros.), a meter employed by early Roman satirists, consisting of three iambics and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, as in the line: —Thê queen | wâs isn | thê kistch | ên eatîng | bread ând | honêy.

SATURNIAN Sa*tur"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large handsome moths belonging to Saturnia and allied genera. The Luna moth, polyphemus, and promethea, are examples. They belong to the Silkworn family, and some are raised for their silk. See Polyphemus.

SATURNICENTRIC Sat`urn*i*cen"tric, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Appearing as if seen from the center of the planet Saturn; relating or referred to Saturn as a center.

SATURNINE Sat"ur*nine, a. Etym: [L. Saturnus the god Saturn, also, the planet Saturn: cf. F. saturnin of or pertaining to lead (Saturn, in old chemistry, meaning lead),saturnien saturnine, saturnian. See Saturn.]

1. Born under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn.

2. Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; — the opposite of mercurial; as, a saturnine person or temper. Addison.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to lead; characterized by, or resembling, lead, which was formerly called Saturn. [Archaic] Saturnine colic (Med.), lead colic.

SATURNISM Sat"ur*nism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Plumbum. Quain.

SATURNIST Sat"ur*nist, n.

Defn: A person of a dull, grave, gloomy temperament. W. browne.

SATYR Sa"tyr, n. Etym: [L. satyrus, Gr. satyre.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A sylvan deity or demigod, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness. Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel, From the glad sound would not be absent long. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidæ. Their colors are commonly brown and gray, often with ocelli on the wings. Called also meadow browns.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The orangoutang.

SATYRIASIS Sat`y*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Satyr.]

Defn: Immoderate venereal appetite in the male. Quain.

SATYRIC; SATYRICAL Sa*tyr"ic, Sa*tyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. satyricus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to satyrs; burlesque; as, satyric tragedy. P. Cyc.

SATYRION Sa*tyr"i*on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several kinds of orchids. [Obs.]

SAUBA ANT Sau"ba ant`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American ant (Ecodoma cephalotes) remarkable for having two large kinds of workers besides the ordinary ones, and for the immense size of its formicaries. The sauba ant cuts off leaves of plants and carries them into its subterranean nests, and thus often does great damage by defoliating trees and cultivated plants.

SAUCE Sauce, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. sausse, LL. salsa, properly, salt pickle, fr. L. salsus salted, salt, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Saucer, Souse pickle, Souse to plunge.]

1. A composition of condiments and appetizing ingredients eaten with food as a relish; especially, a dressing for meat or fish or for puddings; as, mint sauce; sweet sauce, etc. "Poignant sauce." Chaucer. High sauces and rich spices fetched from the Indies. Sir S. Baker.

2. Any garden vegetables eaten with meat. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby. Bartlett. Roots, herbs, vine fruits, and salad flowers . . . they dish up various ways, and find them very delicious sauce to their meats, both roasted and boiled, fresh and salt. Beverly.

3. Stewed or preserved fruit eaten with other food as a relish; as, apple sauce, cranberry sauce, etc. [U.S.] "Stewed apple sauce." Mrs. Lincoln (Cook Book).

4. Sauciness; impertinence. [Low.] Haliwell. To serve one the same sauce, to retaliate in the same kind. [Vulgar]

SAUCE Sauce, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. saucer.] [imp. & p. p. Sauced (; p. pr. & vb. n. Saucing (.]

1. To accompany with something intended to give a higher relish; to supply with appetizing condiments; to season; to flavor.

2. To cause to relish anything, as if with a sauce; to tickle or gratify, as the palate; to please; to stimulate; hence, to cover, mingle, or dress, as if with sauce; to make an application to. [R.] Earth, yield me roots; Who seeks for better of thee, sauce his palate With thy most operant poison! Shak.

3. To make poignant; to give zest, flavor or interest to; to set off; to vary and render attractive. Then fell she to sauce her desires with threatenings. Sir P. Sidney.

4. To treat with bitter, pert, or tart language; to be impudent or sancy to. [Colloq. or Low] I'll sauce her with bitter words. Shak.

SAUCE Sauce, n. Etym: [F.] (Fine Art)

Defn: A soft crayon for use in stump drawing or in shading with the stump.

SAUCE-ALONE Sauce"-a*lone`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: Jack-by-the-hedge. See under Jack.

SAUCEBOX Sauce"box`, n. Etym: [See Sauce, and Saucy.]

Defn: A saucy, impudent person; especially, a pert child. Saucebox, go, meddle with your lady's fan, And prate not here! A. Brewer.

SAUCEPAN Sauce"pan`, n.

Defn: A small pan with a handle, in which sauce is prepared over a fire; a stewpan.

SAUCER Sau"cer, n. Etym: [F. saucière, from sauce. see Sauce.]

1. A small pan or vessel in which sauce was set on a table. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A small dish, commonly deeper than a plate, in which a cup is set at table.

3. Something resembling a saucer in shape. Specifically: (a) A flat, shallow caisson for raising sunken ships. (b) A shallow socket for the pivot of a capstan. Flying saucer, a type of Unidentified Flying Object, having a biconvex discoid shape; such objects are occasionally reported to have been sighted, but no example of one has been reliably shown to exist. They are believed by ufologists to originate in outer space, but they are generally presumed to be misinterpretations of ordinary phenomena, illusions or imaginary objects. Fraudulent photographs purporting to show flying saucers are published from time to time.

SAUCILY Sau"ci*ly, adv.

Defn: In a saucy manner; impudently; with impertinent boldness. Addison.

SAUCINESS Sau"ci*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being saucy; that which is saucy; impertinent boldness; contempt of superiors; impudence. Your sauciness will jest upon my love. Shak.

Syn. — Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. see Impudence.

SAUCISSON; SAUCISSE Sau`cis`son", Sau`cisse", n. Etym: [F., fr. saucisse sausage. See Sausage.]

1. (Mining or Gun.)

Defn: A long and slender pipe or bag, made of cloth well pitched, or of leather, filled with powder, and used to communicate fire to mines, caissons, bomb chests, etc.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A fascine of more than ordinary length.

SAUCY Sau"cy, a. [Compar. Saucier; superl. Sauciest.] Etym: [From Sauce.]

1. Showing impertinent boldness or pertness; transgressing the rules of decorum; treating superiors with contempt; impudent; insolent; as, a saucy fellow. Am I not protector, saucy priest Shak.

2. Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence; impertinent; as, a saucy eye; saucy looks. We then have done you bold and sausy wrongs. Shak.

Syn. — Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.

SAUERKRAUT Sauer"kraut`, n. Etym: [G., fr. sauer sour + kraut herb, cabbage.]

Defn: Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of its own juice with salt, — a German dish.

SAUF Sauf, a.

Defn: Safe. [Obs.] haucer.

SAUF Sauf, conj. & prep.

Defn: Save; except. [Obs.] "Sauf I myself." Chaucer.

SAUFLY Sauf"ly, adv.

Defn: Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAUGER Sau"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American fresh-water food fish (Stizostedion Canadense); — called also gray pike, blue pike, hornfish, land pike, sand pike, pickering, and pickerel.

SAUGH; SAUH Saugh, Sauh, obs.

Defn: imp. sing. of See. Chaucer.

SAUKS Sauks, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Sacs.

SAUL Saul, n.

Defn: Soul. [Obs.]

SAUL Saul, n.

Defn: Same as Sal, the tree.

SAULIE Sau"lie, n.

Defn: A hired mourner at a funeral. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SAULT Sault, n. Etym: [OF., F. saut, fr. L. saltus See Salt a leap.]

Defn: A rapid in some rivers; as, the Sault Ste. Marie. [U.S.] Bartlett.

SAUNDERS Saun"ders, n.

Defn: See Sandress.

SAUNDERS-BLUE Saun"ders-blue`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. cendres bleues blue ashes.]

Defn: A kind of color prepared from calcined lapis lazuli; ultramarine; also, a blue prepared from carbonate of copper. [Written also sanders-blue.]

SAUNTER Saun"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sauntered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sauntering.] Etym: [Written also santer.] Etym: [Probably fr. F. s'aventurer to adventure (one's self), through a shortened form s'auntrer. See Adventure, n. & v.]

Defn: To wander or walk about idly and in a leisurely or lazy manner; to lounge; to stroll; to loiter. One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or saunter in meadows by the side of a stream. Masson.

Syn. — To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.

SAUNTER Saun"ter, n.

Defn: A sauntering, or a sauntering place. That wheel of fops, that saunter of the town. Young.

SAUNTERER Saun"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who saunters.

SAUR Saur, n. Etym: [Contracted from Gael. salachar filth, nastiness, fr. salach nasty, fr. sal filth, refuse.]

Defn: Soil; dirt; dirty water; urine from a cowhouse. [Prov. Eng.]

SAUREL Sau"rel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carangoid fish of the genus Trachurus, especially T. trachurus, or T. saurus, of Europe and America, and T. picturatus of California. Called also skipjack, and horse mackarel.

SAURIA Sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Reptilia formerly established to include the Lacertilia, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, and other groups. By some writers the name is restricted to the Lacertilia.

SAURIAN Sau"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Sauria. — n.

Defn: One of the Sauria.

SAURIOID Sau"ri*oid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sauroid.

SAUROBATRACHIA Sau"ro*ba*tra"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Sauria, and Batrachia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Urodela.

SAUROGNATHOUS Sau*rog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the bones of the palate arranged as in saurians, the vomer consisting of two lateral halves, as in the woodpeckers. (Pici).

SAUROID Sau"roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) Like or pertaining to the saurians. (b) Resembling a saurian superficially; as, a sauroid fish.

SAUROIDICHNITE Sau`roid*ich"nite, n. Etym: [See Sauroid, and Ichnite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The fossil track of a saurian.

SAUROPODA Sau*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs having the feet of a saurian type, instead of birdlike, as they are in many dinosaurs. It includes the Largest Known land animals, belonging to Brontosaurus, Camarasaurus, and alied genera. See Illustration in Appendix.

SAUROPSIDA Sau*rop"si*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive group of vertebrates, comprising the reptiles and birds.

SAUROPTERYGIA Sau*rop`te*ryg"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Plesiosauria.

SAURURAE Sau*ru"ræ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of birds having a long vertebrated tail with quills along each side of it. Archæopteryx is the type. See Archæopteryx, and Odontornithes.

SAURY Sau"ry, n.; pl. Sauries. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender marine fish (Scombresox saurus) of Europe and America. It has long, thin, beaklike jaws. Called also billfish, gowdnook, gawnook, skipper, skipjack, skopster, lizard fish, and Egypt herring.

SAUSAGE Sau"sage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. saucisse, LL. salcitia, salcicia, fr. salsa. See Sauce.]

1. An article of food consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced and highly seasoned, and inclosed in a cylindrical case or skin usually made of the prepared intestine of some animal.

2. A saucisson. See Saucisson. Wilhelm.

SAUSEFLEM Sau"se*flem, a. Etym: [OF. saus salt (L. salsus) + flemme phlegm.]

Defn: Having a red, pimpled face. [Obs.] [Written also sawceflem.] Chaucer.

SAUSSURITE Saus"sur*ite, n. Etym: [F. So called from M. Saussure.] (Min.)

Defn: A tough, compact mineral, of a white, greenish, or grayish color. It is near zoisite in composition, and in part, at least, has been produced by the alteration of feldspar.

SAUT; SAUTE Saut, Saute, n.

Defn: An assault. [Obs.]

SAUTE Sau`te",

Defn: p. p. of Sauter. C. Owen.

SAUTER Sau`ter", v. t. Etym: [F., properly, to jump.]

Defn: To fry lightly and quickly, as meat, by turning ot tossing it over frequently in a hot pan greased with a little fat.

SAUTER Sau"ter, n.

Defn: Psalter. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SAUTERELLE Sau`te*relle, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An instrument used by masons and others to trace and form angles.

SAUTERNE Sau`terne", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A white wine made in the district of sauterne, France.

SAUTRIE Sau"trie, n.

Defn: Psaltery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAUVEGARDE Sau`ve*garde", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The monitor.

SAVABLE Sav"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Save. Cf. Salvable.]

Defn: capable of, or admitting of, being saved. In the person prayed for there ought to be the great disposition of being in a savable condition. Jer. Taylor.

SAVABLENESS Sav"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being saved.

SAVACIOUN Sa*va"ci*oun`, n.

Defn: Salvation. [Obs.]

SAVAGE Sav"age (; 48), a. Etym: [F. sauvage, OF. salvage, fr. L. silvaticus belonging to a wood, wild, fr. silva a wood. See Silvan, and cf. Sylvatic.]

1. Of or pertaining to the forest; remote from human abodes and cultivation; in a state of nature; nature; wild; as, a savage wilderness.

2. Wild; untamed; uncultivated; as, savage beasts. Cornels, and savage berries of the wood. Dryden.

3. Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as, savage life; savage manners. What nation, since the commencement of the Christian era, ever rose from savage to civilized without Christianity E. D. Griffin.

4. Characterized by cruelty; barbarous; fierce; ferocious; inhuman; brutal; as, a savage spirit.

Syn. — Ferocious; wild; uncultivated; untamed; untaught; uncivilized; unpolished; rude; brutish; brutal; heathenish; barbarous; cruel; inhuman; fierce; pitiless; merciless; unmerciful; atrocious. See Ferocious.

SAVAGE Sav"age, n.

1. A human being in his native state of rudeness; one who is untaught; uncivilized, or without cultivation of mind or manners.

2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a barbarian.

SAVAGE Sav"age (; 48), v. t.

Defn: To make savage. [R.] Its bloodhounds, savaged by a cross of wolf. South

SAVAGELY Sav"age*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savage manner.

SAVAGENESS Sav"age*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being savage. Wolves and bears, they say, Casting their savageness aside have done Like offices of pity. Shak.

SAVAGERY Sav"age*ry, n. Etym: [F. sauvagerie.]

1. The state of being savage; savageness; savagism. A like work of primeval savagery. C. Kingsley.

2. An act of cruelty; barbarity. The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke, That ever wall-eyed wrath or staring rage Presented to the tears of soft remorse. Shak.

3. Wild growth, as of plants. Shak.

SAVAGISM Sav"a*gism, n.

Defn: The state of being savage; the state of rude, uncivilized men, or of men in their native wildness and rudeness.

SAVANILLA Sav`a*nil"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tarpum. [Local, U.S.]

SAVANNA Sa*van"na, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin; cf. Sp. sabana, F. savane.]

Defn: A tract of level land covered with the vegetable growth usually found in a damp soil and warm climate, — as grass or reeds, — but destitute of trees. [Spelt also savannah.] Savannahs are clear pieces land without woods. Dampier. Savanna flower (Bot.), a West Indian name for several climbing apocyneous plants of the genus Echites. — Savanna sparrow (Zoöl.), an American sparrow (Ammodramus sandwichensis or Passerculus savanna) of which several varieties are found on grassy plains from Alaska to the Eastern United States. — Savanna wattle (Bot.), a name of two West Indian trees of the genus Citharexylum.

SAVANT Sa`vant", n.; pl. Savants (F. . Etym: [F., fr. savoir to know, L. sapere. See Sage, a.]

Defn: A man of learning; one versed in literature or science; a person eminent for acquirements.

SAVE Save, n. Etym: [See Sage the herb.]

Defn: The herb sage, or salvia. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAVE Save, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saved; p. pr. & vb. n. Saving.] Etym: [OE. saven, sauven, salven, OF. salver, sauver, F. sauver, L. salvare, fr. salvus saved, safe. See Safe, a.]

1. To make safe; to procure the safety of; to preserve from injury, destruction, or evil of any kind; to rescue from impending danger; as, to save a house from the flames. God save all this fair company. Chaucer. He cried, saying, Lord, save me. Matt. xiv. 30. Thou hast . . . quitted all to save A world from utter loss. Milton.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Specifically, to deliver from and its penalty; to rescue from a state of condemnation and spiritual death, and bring into a state of spiritual life. Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. 1 Tim. i. 15.

3. To keep from being spent or lost; to secure from waste or expenditure; to lay up; to reserve. Now save a nation, and now save a groat. Pope.

4. To rescue from something undesirable or hurtful; to prevent from doing something; to spare. I'll save you That labor, sir. All's now done. Shak.

5. To hinder from doing, suffering, or happening; to obviate the necessity of; to prevent; to spare. Will you not speak to save a lady's blush Dryden.

6. To hold possession or use of; to escape loss of. Just saving the tide, and putting in a stock of merit. Swift. To save appearance, to preserve a decent outside; to avoid exposure of a discreditable state of things.

Syn. — To preserve; rescue; deliver; protect; spare; reserve; prevent.

SAVE Save, v. i.

Defn: To avoid unnecessary expense or expenditure; to prevent waste; to be economical. Brass ordnance saveth in the quantity of the material. Bacon.

SAVE Save, prep. or conj. Etym: [F. sauf, properly adj., safe. See Safe, a.]

Defn: Except; excepting; not including; leaving out; deducting; reserving; saving. Five times received I forty stripes save one. 2 Cor. xi. 24.

Syn. — See Except.

SAVE Save, conj.

Defn: Except; unless.

SAVEABLE Save"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Savable.

SAVE-ALL Save"-all`, n. Etym: [Save + all.]

Defn: Anything which saves fragments, or prevents waste or loss. Specifically: (a) A device in a candlestick to hold the ends of candles, so that they be burned. (b) (Naut.) A small sail sometimes set under the foot of another sail, to catch the wind that would pass under it. Totten. (c) A trough to prevent waste in a paper-making machine.

SAVELOY Sav"e*loy, n. Etym: [F. cervelas, It. cervellata, fr. cervello brain, L. cerebellum, dim. of cerebrum brain. See Cerebral.]

Defn: A kind of dried sausage. McElrath.

SAVELY Save"ly, adv.

Defn: Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAVEMENT Save"ment, n.

Defn: The act of saving. [Obs.]

SAVER Sav"er, n.

Defn: One who saves.

SAVIN; SAVINE Sav"in, Sav"ine, n. Etym: [OE. saveine, AS. safinæ, savine, L. sabina herba. Cf. Sabine.] [Written also sabine.] (Bot.) (a) A coniferous shrub (Juniperus Sabina) of Western Asia, occasionally found also in the northern parts of the United States and in British America. It is a compact bush, with dark-colored foliage, and produces small berries having a glaucous bloom. Its bitter, acrid tops are sometimes used in medicine for gout, amenorrhoea, etc. (b) The North American red cedar (Juniperus Virginiana.)

SAVING Sav"ing, a.

Defn: 1. Preserving; rescuing. He is the saving strength of his anointed. Ps. xxviii. 8.

2. Avoiding unnecessary expense or waste; frugal; not lavish or wasteful; economical; as, a saving cook.

3. Bringing back in returns or in receipts the sum expended; incurring no loss, though not gainful; as, a saving bargain; the ship has made a saving voyage.

4. Making reservation or exception; as, a saving clause.

Note: saving is often used with a noun to form a compound adjective; as, labor-saving, life-saving, etc.

SAVING Sav"ing, prep. or conj.; but properly a participle.

Defn: With the exception of; except; excepting; also, without disrespect to. "Saving your reverence." Shak. "Saving your presence." Burns. None of us put off clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing. Neh. iv. 23. And in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it. Rev. ii. 17.

SAVING Sav"ing, n.

1. Something kept from being expended or lost; that which is saved or laid up; as, the savings of years of economy.

2. Exception; reservation. Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still with a saving to honesty. L'Estrange. Savings bank, a bank in which savings or earnings are deposited and put at interest.

SAVINGLY Sav"ing*ly, adv.

1. In a saving manner; with frugality or parsimony.

2. So as to be finally saved from eternal death. Savingly born of water and the Spirit. Waterland.

SAVINGNESS Sav"ing*ness, n.

1. The quality of being saving; carefulness not to expend money uselessly; frugality; parsimony. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Tendency to promote salvation. Johnson.

SAVIOR Sav"ior, n. Etym: [OE. saveour, OF. salveor, F. sauveur, fr. L. salvator to save. See Save, v.] [Written also saviour.]

1. One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger.

2. Specifically: The (or our, your, etc.) Savior, he who brings salvation to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.

SAVIORESS Sav"ior*ess, n.

Defn: A female savior. [Written also saviouress.] [R.] Bp. Hall.

SAVOR Sa"vor, n. Etym: [OE. savour, savor, savur, OF. savor, savour, F. saveur, fr. L. sapor, fr. sapere to taste, savor. See Sage, a., and cf. Sapid, Insipid, Sapor.] [Written also savour.]

1. That property of a thing which affects the organs of taste or smell; taste and odor; flavor; relish; scent; as, the savor of an orange or a rose; an ill savor. I smell sweet savors and I feel soft things. Shak.

2. Hence, specific flavor or quality; characteristic property; distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and the like. Why is not my life a continual joy, and the savor of heaven perpetually upon my spirit Baxter.

3. Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by scent. [R.] "Beyond my savor." Herbert.

4. Pleasure; delight; attractiveness. [Obs.] She shall no savor have therein but lite. Chaucer.

Syn. — Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.

SAVOR Sa"vor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Savored; p. pr. & vb. n. Savoring.] Etym: [Cf. OF. savorer, F. savourer. See Savor, n.] [Written also savour.]

1. To have a particular smell or taste; — with of.

2. To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate the presence or influence; to smack; — with of. This savors not much of distraction. Shak. I have rejected everything that savors of party. Addison.

3. To use the sense of taste. [Obs.] By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or savoring, and feeling. Chaucer.

SAVOR Sa"vor, v. t.

1. To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate the presence of. [R.] That cuts us off from hope, and savors only Rancor and pride, impatience and despite. Milton.

3. To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in; to relish; to like; to favor. [R.] Shak.

SAVORILY Sa"vor*i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savory manner.

SAVORINESS Sa"vor*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being savory.

SAVORLESS Sa"vor*less, a.

Defn: Having no savor; destitute of smell or of taste; insipid.

SAVORLY Sa"vor*ly, a.

Defn: Savory. [Obs.]

SAVORLY Sa"vor*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savory manner. [Obs.] Barrow.

SAVOROUS Sa"vor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. savoureux, OF. saveros, L. saporosus. Cf. Saporous, and see Savor, n.]

Defn: Having a savor; savory. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

SAVORY Sa"vor*y, a. Etym: [From Savor.]

Defn: Pleasing to the organs of taste or smell. [Written also savoury.] The chewing flocks Had ta'en their supper on the savory herb. Milton.

SAVORY; SAVOURY Sa"vo*ry, n. Etym: [F. savorée; cf. It. santoreggia, satureja, L. satureia,] (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic labiate plant (Satireia hortensis), much used in cooking; — also called summer savory. [Written also savoury.]

SAVOY Sa*voy", n. Etym: [F. chou de Savoie cabbage of Savoy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea major), having curled leaves, — much cultivated for winter use.

SAVOYARD Sav`oy*ard", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Savoy.

SAVVY; SAVVEY Sav"vy, Sav"vey, v. t. & i. [Written also savey.] [Sp. saber to know, sabe usted do you know]

Defn: To understand; to comprehend; know. [Slang, U. S.]

SAVVY; SAVVEY Sav"vy, Sav"vey, n.

Defn: Comprehension; knowledge of affairs; mental grasp. [Slang, U. S.]

SAW Saw,

Defn: imp. of See.

SAW Saw, n. Etym: [OE. sawe, AS. sagu; akin to secgan to say. See Say, v. t. and cf. Saga.]

1. Something said; speech; discourse. [Obs.] "To hearken all his sawe." Chaucer.

2. A saying; a proverb; a maxim. His champions are the prophets and apostles, His weapons holy saws of sacred writ. Shak.

3. Dictate; command; decree. [Obs.] [Love] rules the creatures by his powerful saw. Spenser.

SAW Saw, n. Etym: [OE. sawe, AS. sage; akin to D. zaag, G. säge, OHG. sega, saga, Dan. sav, sw. såg, Icel. sög, L. secare to cut, securis ax, secula sickle. Cf. Scythe, Sickle, Section, Sedge.]

Defn: An instrument for cutting or dividing substances, as wood, iron, etc., consisting of a thin blade, or plate, of steel, with a series of sharp teeth on the edge, which remove successive portions of the material by cutting and tearing.

Note: Saw is frequently used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound. Band saw, Crosscut saw, etc. See under Band, Crosscut, etc. — Circular saw, a disk of steel with saw teeth upon its periphery, and revolved on an arbor. — Saw bench, a bench or table with a flat top for for sawing, especially with a circular saw which projects above the table. — Saw file, a three-cornered file, such as is used for sharpening saw teeth. — Saw frame, the frame or sash in a sawmill, in which the saw, or gang of saws, is held. — Saw gate, a saw frame. — Saw gin, the form of cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney, in which the cotton fibers are drawn, by the teeth, of a set of revolving circular saws, through a wire grating which is too fine for the seeds to pass. — Saw grass (Bot.), any one of certain cyperaceous plants having the edges of the leaves set with minute sharp teeth, especially the Cladium effusum of the Southern United States. Cf. Razor grass, under Razor. — Saw log, a log of suitable size for sawing into lumber. — Saw mandrel, a mandrel on which a circular saw is fastened for running. — Saw pit, a pit over which timbor is sawed by two men, one standing below the timber and the other above. Mortimer. — Saw sharpener (Zoöl.), the great titmouse; — so named from its harsh call note. [Prov. Eng.] — Saw whetter (Zoöl.), the marsh titmouse (Parus palustris); — so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.] — Scroll saw, a ribbon of steel with saw teeth upon one edge, stretched in a frame and adapted for sawing curved outlines; also, a machine in which such a saw is worked by foot or power.

SAW Saw, v. t. [imp. Sawed; p. p. Sawed or Sawn (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sawing.]

1. To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw; as, to saw timber or marble.

2. To form by cutting with a saw; as, to saw boards or planks, that is, to saw logs or timber into boards or planks; to saw shingles; to saw out a panel.

3. Also used figuratively; as, to saw the air.

SAW Saw, v. i.

1. To use a saw; to practice sawing; as, a man saws well.

2. To cut, as a saw; as, the saw or mill saws fast.

3. To be cut with a saw; as, the timber saws smoothly.

SAWARRA NUT Sa*war"ra nut`.

Defn: See Souari nut.

SAWBELLY Saw"bel`ly, n.

Defn: The alewife. [Local, U.S.]

SAWBILL Saw"bill`, n.

Defn: The merganser. [Prov. Eng.]

SAWBONES Saw"bones`, n.

Defn: A nickname for a surgeon.

SAWBUCK Saw"buck`, n.

Defn: A sawhorse.

SAWCEFLEM SAw"ce*flem, a.

Defn: See Sauseflem. [Obs.]

SAWDER Saw"der, n.

Defn: A corrupt spelling and pronunciation of solder. Soft sawder, seductive praise; flattery; blarney. [Slang]

SAWDUST Saw"dust`, n.

Defn: Dust or small fragments of wood 9or of stone, etc.) made by the cutting of a saw.

SAWER Saw"er`, n.

Defn: One who saws; a sawyer.

SAWFISH Saw"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of elasmobranch fishes of the genus Pristis. They have a sharklike form, but are more nearly allied to the rays. The flattened and much elongated snout has a row of stout toothlike structures inserted along each edge, forming a sawlike organ with which it mutilates or kills its prey.

SAWFLY Saw"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the family Tenthredinidæ. The female usually has an ovipositor containing a pair of sawlike organs with which she makes incisions in the leaves or stems of plants in which to lay the eggs. The larvæ resemble those of Lepidoptera.

SAWHORSE Saw"horse`, n.

Defn: A kind of rack, shaped like a double St. Andrew's cross, on which sticks of wood are laid for sawing by hand; — called also buck, and sawbuck.

SAWMILL Saw"mill`, n.

Defn: A mill for sawing, especially one for sawing timber or lumber.

SAWNEB Saw"neb`, n.

Defn: A merganser. [Prov. Eng.]

SAW PALMETTO Saw" pal*met"to.

Defn: See under Palmetto.

SAW-SET Saw"-set`, n.

Defn: An instrument used to set or turn the teeth of a saw a little sidewise, that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the blade, to prevent friction; — called also saw-wrest.

SAWTOOTH Saw"tooth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arctic seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), having the molars serrated; — called also crabeating seal.

SAW-TOOTHED Saw"-toothed", a.

Defn: Having a tooth or teeth like those of a saw; serrate.

SAWTRY Saw"try, n.

Defn: A psaltery. [Obs.] Dryden.

SAW-WHET saw"-whet`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small North American owl (Nyctale Acadica), destitute of ear tufts and having feathered toes; — called also Acadian owl.

SAW-WORT Saw"-wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Serratula; — so named from the serrated leaves of most of the species.

SAW-WREST Saw"-wrest`, n.

Defn: See Saw-set.

SAWYER Saw"yer, n. Etym: [Saw + -yer, as in lawyer. Cf. Sawer.]

1. One whose occupation is to saw timber into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel; a sawer.

2. A tree which has fallen into a stream so that its branches project above the surface, rising and falling with a rocking or swaying motion in the current. [U.S.]

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bowfin. [Local, U.S.]

SAX Sax, n. Etym: [AS. seax a knife.]

Defn: A kind of chopping instrument for trimming the edges of roofing slates.

SAXATILE Sax"a*tile, a. Etym: [L. saxatilis, fr. saxum a rock: cf. F. saxalite.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rocks; living among rocks; as, a saxatile plant.

SAXHORN Sax"horn`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A name given to a numerous family of brass wind instruments with valves, invented by Antoine Joseph Sax (known as Adolphe Sax), of Belgium and Paris, and much used in military bands and in orchestras.

SAXICAVA Sax`i*ca"va, n.; pl. E. saxicavas, L. Saxicavæ. Etym: [NL. See Saxicavous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Saxicava. Some of the species are noted for their power of boring holes in limestone and similar rocks.

SAXICAVID Sax`i*ca"vid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the saxicavas. — n.

Defn: A saxicava.

SAXICAVOUS Sax`i*ca"vous, a. Etym: [L. saxum rock + cavare to make hollow, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F. saxicave.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Boring, or hollowing out, rocks; — said of certain mollusks which live in holes which they burrow in rocks. See Illust. of Lithodomus.

SAXICOLINE Sax*ic"o*line, a. Etym: [L. saxum a rock + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Stone-inhabiting; pertaining to, or having the characteristics of, the stonechats.

SAXICOLOUS Sax*ic"o*lous, a. Etym: [See Saxicoline.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on rocks.

SAXIFRAGA Sax*if"ra*ga, n. Etym: [L., saxifrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of exogenous polypetalous plants, embracing about one hundred and eighty species. See Saxifrage.

SAXIFRAGACEOUS Sax`i*fra*ga"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Saxifragaceæ) of which saxifrage is the type. The order includes also the alum root, the hydrangeas, the mock orange, currants and gooseberries, and many other plants.

SAXIFRAGANT Sax*if"ra*gant, a. Etym: [See Saxifrage.]

Defn: Breaking or destroying stones; saxifragous. [R.] — n.

Defn: That which breaks or destroys stones. [R.]

SAXIFRAGE Sax"i*frage (; 48), n. Etym: [L. saxifraga, from saxifragus stone- breaking; saxum rock + frangere to break: cf. F. saxifrage. See Fracture, and cf. Sassafras, Saxon.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, mostly perennial herbs growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous regions. Burnet saxifrage, a European umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella Saxifraga). — Golden saxifrage, a low half-sacculent herb (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium) growing in rivulets in Europe; also, C. Americanum, common in the United States. See also under Golden. — Meadow saxifrage, or Pepper saxifrage. See under Meadow.

SAXIFRAGOUS Sax*if"ra*gous, a. Etym: [L. saxifragus: cf. F. saxifrage. See Saxifrage.]

Defn: Dissolving stone, especially dissolving stone in the bladder.

SAXON Sax"on, n. Etym: [l. Saxo, pl. Saxones, from the Saxon national name; cf. AS. pl. Seaxe, Seaxan, fr. seax a knife, a short sword, a dagger (akin to OHG. sahs, and perhaps to L. saxum rock, stone, knives being originally made of stone); and cf. G. Sachse, pl. Sachsen. Cf. Saxifrage.]

1. (a) One of a nation or people who formerly dwelt in the nothern part of Germany, and who, with other Teutonic tribes, invaded and conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries. (b) Also used in the sense of Anglo-Saxon. (c) A native or inhabitant of modern Saxony.

2. The language of the Saxons; Anglo-Saxon. old Saxon, the saxon of the continent of Europe in the old form of the language, as shown particularly in the "Heliand", a metrical narration of the gospel history preserved in manuscripts of the 9th century.

SAXON Sax"on, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saxons, their country, or their language. (b) Anglo-Saxon. (c) Of or pertaining to Saxony or its inhabitants. Saxon blue (Dyeing), a deep blue liquid used in dyeing, and obtained by dissolving indigo in concentrated sulphuric acid. Brande & C. — Saxon green (Dyeing), a green color produced by dyeing with yellow upon a ground of Saxon blue.

SAXONIC Sax*on"ic, a.

Defn: relating to the saxons or Anglo-Saxons.

SAXONISM Sax"on*ism, n.

Defn: An idiom of the Saxon or Anglo-Saxon language. T. Warton.

SAXONIST Sax"on*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in the Saxon language.

SAXONITE Sax"on*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Mountain soap, under Mountain.

SAXONY Sax"o*ny, n. [So named after the kingdom of Saxony, reputed to produce fine wool.]

1. A kind of glossy woolen cloth formerly much used.

2. Saxony yarn, or flannel made of it or similar yarn.

SAXONY YARN Saxony yarn.

Defn: A fine grade of woolen yarn twisted somewhat harder and smoother than zephyr yarn.

SAXOPHONE Sax"o*phone, n. Etym: [A.A.J. Sax, the inventor (see Saxhorn) + Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of brass, containing a reed, and partaking of the qualities both of a brass instrument and of a clarinet.

SAX-TUBA Sax"-tu`ba, n. Etym: [See Saxhorn, and Tube.] (Mus.)

Defn: A powerful instrument of brass, curved somewhat like the Roman buccina, or tuba.

SAY Say, obs. imp. of See.

Defn: Saw. Chaucer.

SAY Say, n. Etym: [Aphetic form of assay.]

1. Trial by sample; assay; sample; specimen; smack. [Obs.] if those principal works of God . . . be but certain tastes and saus, as if were, of that final benefit. Hooker. Thy tongue some say of breeding breathes. Shak.

2. Tried quality; temper; proof. [Obs.] he found a sword of better say. Spenser.

3. Essay; trial; attempt. [Obs.] To give a say at, to attempt. B. Jonson.

SAY Say, v. t.

Defn: To try; to assay. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SAY Say, n. Etym: [OE. saie, F. saie, fr. L. saga, equiv. to sagum, sagus, a coarse woolen mantle; cf. Gr. Sagum.]

1. A kind of silk or satin. [Obs.] Thou say, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord! Shak.

2. A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth. [Obs.] His garment neither was of silk nor say. Spenser.

SAY Say, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Said, contracted from sayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Saying.] Etym: [OE. seggen, seyen, siggen, sayen, sayn, AS. secgan; akin to OS. seggian, D. zeggen, LG. seggen, OHG. sag, G. sagen, Icel. segja, Sw. säga, Dan. sige, Lith. sakyti; cf. OL. insece teil, relate, Gr. Saga, Saw a saying.]

1. To utter or express in words; to tell; to speak; to declare; as, he said many wise things. Arise, and say how thou camest here. Shak.

2. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce; as, to say a lesson. Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated In what thou hadst to say Shak. After which shall be said or sung the following hymn. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

3. To announce as a decision or opinion; to state positively; to assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure about; to be determined in mind as to. But what it is, hard is to say. Milton.

4. To mention or suggest as an estimate, hypothesis, or approximation; hence, to suppose; — in the imperative, followed sometimes by the subjunctive; as, he had, say fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run, say ten miles. Say, for nonpayment that the debt should double, Is twenty hundred kisses such a trouble Shak. It is said, or They say, it is commonly reported; it is rumored; people assert or maintain. — That is to say, that is; in other words; otherwise.

SAY Say, v. i.

Defn: To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply. You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak. To this argument we shall soon have said; for what concerns it us to hear a husband divulge his household privacies Milton.

SAY Say, n. Etym: [From Say, v. t.; cf. Saw a saying.]

Defn: A speech; something said; an expression of opinion; a current story; a maxim or proverb. [Archaic or Colloq.] He no sooner said out his say, but up rises a cunning snap. L'Estrange. That strange palmer's boding say, That fell so ominous and drear Full on the object of his fear. Sir W. Scott.

SAYER Say"er, n.

Defn: One who says; an utterer. Mr. Curran was something much better than a sayer of smart sayings. Jeffrey.

SAYETTE Sa*yette", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Say a kind of serge.]

Defn: A mixed stuff, called also sagathy. See Sagathy.

SAYING Say"ing, n.

Defn: That which is said; a declaration; a statement, especially a proverbial one; an aphorism; a proverb. Many are the sayings of the wise, In ancient and in modern books enrolled. Milton.

Syn. — Declaration; speech; adage; maxim; aphorism; apothegm; saw; proverb; byword.

SAYMAN Say"man, n. Etym: [Say sample + man.]

Defn: One who assays. [Obs.]

SAYMASTER Say"mas`ter, n.

Defn: A master of assay; one who tries or proves. [Obs.] "Great saymaster of state." D. Jonson.

SAYND Saynd,

Defn: obs. p. p. of Senge, to singe. Chaucer.

'SBLOOD 'Sblood, interj.

Defn: An abbreviation of God's blood; — used as an oath. [Obs.] Shak.

SCAB Scab, n. Etym: [OE. scab, scabbe, shabbe; cf. AS. scæb, sceabb, scebb, Dan. & Sw. skab, and also L. scabies, tr. scabere to scratch, akin to E. shave. See Shave, and cf. Shab, Shabby.]

1. An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule, formed by the drying up of the discharge from the diseased part.

2. The itch in man; also, the scurvy. [Colloq. or Obs.]

3. The mange, esp. when it appears on sheep. Chaucer.

4. A disease of potatoes producing pits in their surface, caused by a minute fungus (Tiburcinia Scabies).

5. (Founding)

Defn: A slight iregular protuberance which defaces the surface of a casting, caused by the breaking away of a part of the mold.

6. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow. [Low] Shak.

7. A nickname for a workman who engages for lower wages than are fixed by the trades unions; also, for one who takes the place of a workman on a strike. [Cant]

SCAB Scab, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Scabbing.]

Defn: To become covered with a scab; as, the wound scabbed over.

SCABBARD Scab"bard, n. Etym: [OE. scaubert, scauberk, OF. escaubers, escauberz, pl., scabbards, probably of German or Scan. origin; cf. Icel. skalpr scabbard, and G. bergen to conceal. Cf. Hauberk.]

Defn: The case in which the blade of a sword, dagger, etc., is kept; a sheath. Nor in thy scabbard sheathe that famous blade. Fairfax. Scabbard fish (Zoöl.), a long, compressed, silver-colored tænioid fish (Lepidopus caudatus, or argyreus), found on the European coasts, and more abundantly about New Zealand, where it is called frostfish and considered an excellent food fish.

SCABBARD Scab"bard, v. t.

Defn: To put in a scabbard.

SCABBARD PLANE Scab"bard plane`.

Defn: See Scaleboard plane, under Scaleboard.

SCABBED Scab"bed ( or ), a.

1. Abounding with scabs; diseased with scabs.

2. Fig.: Mean; paltry; vile; worthless. Bacon.

SCABBEDNESS Scab"bed*ness, n.

Defn: Scabbiness.

SCABBILY Scab"bi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a scabby manner.

SCABBINESS Scab"bi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being scabby.

SCABBLE Scab"ble, v. t.

Defn: See Scapple.

SCABBY Scab"by, a. [Compar. Scabbier (; superl. Scabbiest.]

1. Affected with scabs; full of scabs.

2. Diseased with the scab, or mange; mangy. Swift.

SCABIES Sca"bi*es, n. (Med.)

Defn: The itch.

SCABIOUS Sca"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. scabious, from scabies the scab: cf. F. scabieux.]

Defn: Consisting of scabs; rough; itchy; leprous; as, scabious eruptions. Arbuthnot.

SCABIOUS Sca"bi*ous, n. Etym: [Cf. F. scabieuse. See Scabious, a.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Scabiosa, several of the species of which are common in Europe. They resemble the Compositæ, and have similar heads of flowers, but the anthers are not connected. Sweet scabious (a) Mourning bride. (b) A daisylike plant (Erigeron annuus) having a stout branching stem.

SCABLING Scab"ling, n. Etym: [See Scapple.]

Defn: A fragment or chip of stone. [Written also scabline.]

SCABREDITY Sca*bred"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. scabredo, fr. scaber rough.]

Defn: Roughness; ruggedness. [Obs.] Burton.

SCABROUS Sca"brous, a. Etym: [L. scabrosus, fr. scaber rough: cf. F. scabreux.]

1. Rough to the touch, like a file; having small raised dots, scales, or points; scabby; scurfy; scaly. Arbuthnot.

2. Fig.: Harsh; unmusical. [R.] His verse is scabrous and hobbling. Dryden.

SCABROUSNESS Sca"brous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being scabrous.

SCABWORT Scab"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Elecampane.

SCAD Scad, n. Etym: [Gael. & ir. sgadan a herring.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small carangoid fish (Trachurus saurus) abundant on the European coast, and less common on the American. The name is applied also to several allied species. (b) The goggler; — called also big-eyed scad. See Goggler. (c) The friar skate. [Scot.] (d) The cigar fish, or round robin.

SCAFFOLD Scaf"fold, n. Etym: [OF. eschafault, eschafaut, escafaut, escadafaut, F. échafaud; probably oiginally the same word as E. & F. catafalque, It. catafafalco. See Catafalque.]

1. A temporary structure of timber, boards, etc., for various purposes, as for supporting workmen and materials in building, for exhibiting a spectacle upon, for holding the spectators at a show, etc. Pardon, gentles all, The flat, unraised spirits that have dared On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth So great an object. Shak.

2. Specifically, a stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal; as, to die on the scaffold. That a scaffold of execution should grow a scaffold of coronation. Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: An accumulation of adherent, partly fused material forming a shelf, or dome-shaped obstruction, above the tuyères in a blast furnace.

SCAFFOLD Scaf"fold, v. t.

Defn: To furnish or uphold with a scaffold.

SCAFFOLDAGE Scaf"fold*age, n.

Defn: A scaffold. [R.] Shak.

SCAFFOLDING Scaf"fold*ing, n.

1. A scaffold; a supporting framework; as, the scaffolding of the body. Pope.

2. Materials for building scaffolds.

SCAGLIA Scagl"ia, n. Etym: [It. scaglia a scale, a shell, a ship of marble.]

Defn: A reddish variety of limestone.

SCAGLIOLA Scagl*io"la, n. Etym: [It. scagliuola, dim. of scaglia. See Scaglia.]

Defn: An imitation of any veined and ornamental stone, as marble, formed by a substratum of finely ground gypsum mixed with glue, the surface of which, while soft, is variegated with splinters of marble, spar, granite, etc., and subsequently colored and polished.

SCALA Sca"la, n.; pl. Scalæ. Etym: [L., a ladder.]

1. (Surg.)

Defn: A machine formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the humerus.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea.

SCALABLE Scal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being scaled.

SCALADE; SCALADO Sca*lade", Sca*la"do, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Escalade. Fairfax.

SCALAR Sca"lar, n. (Math.)

Defn: In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude, but not direction; — distinguished from a vector, which has both magnitude and direction.

SCALARIA Sca*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [L., flight of steps.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods of the genus Scalaria, or family Scalaridæ, having elongated spiral turreted shells, with rounded whorls, usually crossed by ribs or varices. The color is generally white or pale. Called also ladder shell, and wentletrap. See Ptenoglossa, and Wentletrap.

SCALARIFORM Sca*lar"i*form, a. Etym: [L. scalare, scalaria, staircase, ladder + - form: cf. F. scalariforme.]

1. Resembling a ladder in form or appearance; having transverse bars or markings like the rounds of a ladder; as, the scalariform cells and scalariform pits in some plants.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to a scalaria.

SCALARY Sca"la*ry, a. Etym: [L. scalaris, fr. scale, pl. scala, staircase, ladder.]

Defn: Resembling a ladder; formed with steps. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SCALAWAG Scal"a*wag, n.

Defn: A scamp; a scapegrace. [Spelt also scallawag.] [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

SCALD Scald, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scalding.] Etym: [OF. eschalder, eschauder, escauder, F. échauder, fr. L. excaldare; ex + caldus, calidus, warm, hot. See Ex, and Calderon.]

1. To burn with hot liquid or steam; to pain or injure by contact with, or imersion in, any hot fluid; as, to scald the hand. Mine own tears Do scald like molten lead. Shak. Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall. Cowley.

2. To expose to a boiling or violent heat over a fire, or in hot water or other liquor; as, to scald milk or meat.

SCALD Scald, n.

Defn: A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by some hot liquid, or by steam.

SCALD Scald, a. Etym: [For scalled. See Scall.]

1. Affected with the scab; scaby. Shak.

2. Scurry; paltry; as, scald rhymers. [Obs.] Shak. Scald crow (Zoöl.), the hooded crow. [Ireland] — Scald head (Med.), a name popularly given to several diseases of the scalp characterized by pustules (the dried discharge of which forms scales) and by falling out of the hair.

SCALD Scald, n.

Defn: Scurf on the head. See Scall. Spenser.

SCALD Scald ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Icel. skald.]

Defn: One of the ancient Scandinavian poets and historiographers; a reciter and singer of heroic poems, etc., among the Norsemen; more rarely, a bard of any of the ancient Teutonic tribes. [Written also skald.] A war song such as was of yore chanted on the field of battle by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons. Sir W. Scott.

SCALDER Scald"er, n.

Defn: A Scandinavian poet; a scald.

SCALDFISH Scald"fish`, n. Etym: [Scald, a. + fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European flounder (Arnoglosus laterna, or Psetta arnoglossa); — called also megrin, and smooth sole.

SCALDIC Scald"ic ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the scalds of the Norsemen; as, scaldic poetry.

SCALE Scale, n. Etym: [AS. scale; perhaps influenced by the kindred Icel. skal balance, dish, akin also to D. schaal a scale, bowl, shell, G. schale, OHG. scala, Dan. skaal drinking cup, bowl, dish, and perh. to E. scale of a fish. Cf. Scale of a fish, Skull the brain case.]

1. The dish of a balance; hence, the balance itself; an instrument or machine for weighing; as, to turn the scale; — chiefly used in the plural when applied to the whole instrument or apparatus for weighing. Also used figuratively. Long time in even scale The battle hung. Milton. The scales are turned; her kindness weighs no more Now than my vows. Waller.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The sign or constellation Libra. Platform scale. See under Platform. tip the scales, influence an action so as to change an outcome from one likely result to another.

SCALE Scale, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Scaling.]

Defn: To weigh or measure according to a scale; to measure; also, to grade or vary according to a scale or system. Scaling his present bearing with his past. Shak. To scale, or scale down, a debt, wages, etc., to reduce a debt, etc., according to a fixed ratio or scale. [U.S.]

SCALE Scale, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. scealu, scalu, a shell, parings; akin to D. schaal, G. schale, OHG. scala, Dan. & Sw. skal a shell, Dan. skiæl a fish scale, Goth. skalja tile, and E. shale, shell, and perhaps also to scale of a balance; butperhaps rather fr. OF. escale, escaile, F. écaille scale of a fish, and écale shell of beans, pease, egs, nuts, of German origin, and akin to Goth. skalja, G. schale. See Shale.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the small, thin, membranous, bony or horny pieces which form the covering of many fishes and reptiles, and some mammals, belonging to the dermal part of the skeleton, or dermoskeleton. See Cycloid, Ctenoid, and Ganoid. Fish that, with their fins and shining scales, Glide under the green wave. Milton.

2. Hence, any layer or leaf of metal or other material, resembling in size and thinness the scale of a fish; as, a scale of iron, of bone, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small scalelike structures covering parts of some invertebrates, as those on the wings of Lepidoptera and on the body of Thysanura; the elytra of certain annelids. See Lepidoptera.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scale insect. (See below.)

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A small appendage like a rudimentary leaf, resembling the scales of a fish in form, and often in arrangement; as, the scale of a bud, of a pine cone, and the like. The name is also given to the chaff on the stems of ferns.

6. The thin metallic side plate of the handle of a pocketknife. See Illust. of Pocketknife.

7. An incrustation deposit on the inside of a vessel in which water is heated, as a steam boiler.