Volume 4. Carthage; French and English Towns; Aquæ Sextiæ; Orange; Augustodunum; Perigueux and Cahors; the Lords of Ardres; Points in the History of Portugal and Brazil: Alter Orbis; Historical Cycles; Augustan Ages; English Civil Wars.

The historical geography of Europe. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1881. 1 volume text; 1 volume maps.

The object of this remarkably valuable work is to "trace out the extent of territory which the different states and nations of Europe and the neighbouring lands have held at different times in the world's history, to mark the different boundaries which the same country has had, and the different meanings in which the same name has been used. Author's Introduction.

FROISSART, SIR JOHN. Chronicles [1326-1400]; translated by T. Johnes. London: Wm. Smith. 2 volumes.

Same; edited for boys, with an introduction, by Sidney Lanier. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1879.

FYFFE, C. A. History of modern Europe. London: Cassell. 1880-1889. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1881-90. 3 volumes.

Covers the period from the beginning of the war with revolutionary France, in 1792, to the Berlin Congress and Treaty, 1878; a well-constructed and well-written piece of history.

GERARD, JAMES W. The peace of Utrecht, 1713-14. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1885.

GRUBE, A. W. Heroes of history and legend. London: Griffith & Farran. 1880.

A translation of the second part of Grube's "Charakterbilder aus der Geschichte und Sage."

GUIZOT, F. P. History of civilization, to the French revolution; translated from the French. London: Geo. Bell & Sons. 3 volumes. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 2 volumes.

"The originality of M. Guizot's work consists in the truly scientific spirit and character of his method. He was the first to dissect a society, in the same comprehensive, impartial, and thorough way in which an anatomist dissects the body of an animal, and the first to study the functions of the social organism in the same systematic and careful manner in which the physiologist studies the functions of the animal organism." R. Flint, The Philosophy of History in France and Germany, Page 240.

HALLAM, HENRY. View of the state of Europe during the Middle Ages. London: J. Murray. 3 volumes. New York: W. J, Widdleton. 3 volumes.

"He [Hallam] never thoroughly took in either the Imperial or the ecclesiastical element in history; if I say that he did not thoroughly take in the Teutonic element either, it might seem that I leave him no standing-ground at all. And whither shall he seem to vanish, if I add that he never shows that same kind of thorough knowledge of original authorities, that mastery of them that delight in them, which stands out in every line of Kemble and Palgrave? Hallam had nothing of the spirit of the antiquary; he had not, I should say very much of the spirit of the historian proper. Yet Hallam was a memorable writer, whose name ought to be deeply honoured, and a large part of whose writings are as valuable now as when they were first written." E. A. Freeman. Methods of Historical Study, page 282.

HÄUSSER, LUDWIG. The period of the Reformation, 1517-1648, edited by W. Oncken; translated by Mrs. Sturge. London: Strahan. 1873. New York: Robert Carter & Bros.

Unquestionably the best comprehensive survey of the Reformation and the Reformation period that has yet been placed before English readers.

HEEREN. A. H. L. A manual of the history of the political system of Europe and its colonies; from the close of the 15th century to the fall of Napoleon; translated from the German. London: H. G. Bohn. 1846.

HENDERSON, ERNEST F., Select historical documents of the middle ages; translated and edited. London: Geo. Bell & Sons. 1892. New York: Macmillan & Co.

HODGKIN, THOMAS. Italy and her Invaders. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1880-85. 4 volumes.

A very satisfactory work, narrating that part of the barbaric avalanche of the fifth and sixth centuries which crushed the Empire in its western seat. The first volume deals with the Visigothic invasion, the second with the Hunnish, Vandal and Herulian, the third with the Ostrogothic, the fourth with Justinian's recovery of Italy.

Theodoric the Goth; the barbarian champion of civilization. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1891.

In the series entitled "Heroes of the Nations."

JOHNSON, A. H. The Normans in Europe. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1877. New York: Chas. Scribner's Sons.

JOHNSTONE, C. F. Historical abstracts. London: C. Kegan Paul & Co. 1880.

Excellent outline sketches of the history of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the kingdom of the Netherlands, Belgium, the Ottoman Empire, Greece, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, and the Swiss Confederation.

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KEARY, C. F. The Vikings in western Christendom, 789-888. London: T. F. Unwin. 1891.

KINGTON, T. L. History of Frederick II., Emperor of the Romans. London: Macmillan & Co; 1862. 2 volumes.

LACROIX, PAUL. The eighteenth century [1700-1789]: its institutions, &c. London: Chapman & Hall. 1876.

LATHAM, ROBERT. G. Ethnology of Europe. London: J. Van Voorst. 1852.

The nationalities of Europe. volume 2. London: W. H. Allen & Co. 1863. 2 volumes.

LAVISSE, ERNEST. General view of the political history of Europe; translated by Charles Gross. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1891.

"While giving the essential facts of universal history, he [Lavisse] aims above all, to describe the formation and political development of the states of Europe, and to indicate the historical causes of their present condition and mutual relations. In other words, he shows how the existing political divisions of Europe, with their peculiar tendencies, were created. … The ability of Professor Lavisse to compress the essence of a great event or sequence of events into a few comprehensive and expressive sentences, has enabled him to accomplish his difficult task with signal success." Translator's Preface.

LEA, HENRY CHARLES. History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages. New York: Harper & Bros. 1888. 3 volumes.

LODGE, RICHARD. History of Modern Europe, 1453-1878. London: J. Murray. 1885. New York:, Harper Bros.

MACKENZIE, ROBERT. The Nineteenth Century; a history. London: Nelson & Sons. 1880.

McLAUGLIN, EDWARD TOMPKINS. Studies in mediæval life and literature. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1894.

MACLEAR, G. F. The conversion of the West. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.

MAXWELL, Sir WILLIAM STIRLING. Don John of Austria; or, passages from the history of the 16th Century, 1547-1578. London: Longmans. 1883. 2 volumes.

MAY, Sir THOMAS E. Democracy in Europe. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1877. 2 volumes. New York: A. C. Armstrong & Son. 2 volumes.

MERIVALE, CHARLES. The conversion of the northern nations: Boyle lectures. 1865. London: Longmans. New York: D. Appleton & Co.

MERLE D'AUBIGNE, J. H. History of the great Reformation of the 16th century. New York: Carter & Bros. 1863-77. 8 volumes.

MICHAUD, J. F. History of the Crusades; translated from the French. London: G. Routledge & Co. 1852. 2 volumes.

MICHELET, JULES. Summary of Modern History; translated from the French and continued by M. C. M. Simpson. London: Macmillan & Co. 1875.

MILMAN, HENRY HART. History of Latin Christianity, including that of the Popes to Nicholas V. London: J. Murray. 1854. 6 volumes.

"I know few books more delightful and more instructive to read than Milman's 'History of Latin Christianity.' And none better discharges the work of a guide, both to the original authorities, and what we cannot neglect, to modern German writers." E. A. Freeman, Methods was of historical study, page 283.

MOELLER, WILHELM. History of the Christian Church, A.D. 1-600; translated from the German. London: S. Sonnenschein. 1892.

History of the Christian Church, in the Middle Ages. London: S. Sonnenschein. 1893.

MONSTRELET, ENGUERRAND DE. Chronicles; translated by T. Johnes. London: Geo. Routledge & Sons. 1867. 2 volumes.

A chronicle which continues that of Froissart, from 1400 to 1467, and is continued by others to 1516, especially narrating events in the Hundred Years War.

MONTALEMBERT, CHARLES F., Count de. The Monks of the West, from St. Benedict to St. Bernard; authorized translation. London: W. Blackwood & Sons. 1861-79. 7 volumes.

"His pages bring before us tales handed down by oral tradition alone for perhaps two or three generations, together with documents and letters as genuine as the despatches of the Duke of Wellington. But there is little or no effort to show that one is more valuable than the other, or to determine where the poetry which is lavish of marvellous incidents ends, and where the region of fact begins." Edinburgh Review, v. 127, page. 404.

MÜLLER, W. Political history of recent times. 1816-1875; translated [and continued to 1881] by J.,P. Peters. New York: Harper & Bros. 1882.

"For many years—as Professor of Modern History, first at the State University of Michigan, afterward at Cornell University—I had been seeking a work which should give to thoughtful students a view, large but concise, of the political history of Continental Europe in the nineteenth century. … At last I came upon the 'Politische Geschichte der Neuesten Zeit,' by Professor Wilhelm Miller, of Tübingen. … Three readings of it satisfied me that it is what is needed in America. … It is not an abridgment; it is a living history." Andrew D. White, Prefatory Note.

MURDOCK, HAROLD. The reconstruction of Europe [1852-1870]. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1889.

NATIONAL LIFE AND THOUGHT. London: T. F. Unwin. 1891.

A volume of lectures delivered at South Place Institute, London, in 1889-90, designed "to give information, in a popular form, with regard to the national development and modes of political action among the different nations throughout the world." The lecturers were generally men specially well informed on their several subjects, such as Professor J. E. Therold Rogers, Professor Pulszky. J. T. Bent, J. C. Cotton Minchin, Eirikr Magnusson, and others.

NEANDER, AUGUSTUS. General history of the Christian religion and Church; translated from the German by Joseph Torrey.

"He … made church history a book of instruction, edification and comfort, on the firm foundation of profound and accurate learning, critical mastery of the sources, spiritual discernment, psychological insight, and sound, sober judgment." P. Schaff, Saint Augustin Melanchthon, Neander, page 136.

PALGRAVE, Sir FRANCIS. History of Normandy and England. London: Macmillan & Co. 4 volumes.

PASTOR, LUDWIG. History of the Popes from, the close of the Middle Ages; translated from the German. London: J. Hodges.

A history written from the Roman Catholic standpoint.

PERIODS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY; edited by Arthur Hassal. London and New York: Macmillan & Co.

Period 1, A. D. 476-918; by Charles W. C. Oman. Period 5, A. D. 1598-1715; by Henry O. Wakeman. Period 7, A.D. 1789-1815; by H. Morse Stephens. Other periods not yet published.

RANKE, LEOPOLD VON. History of the Latin and Teutonic nations from 1494 to 1514; translated from the German. London: G. Bell & Sons. 1887.

History of the Popes in the 16th and 17th centuries; translated from the German by Mrs. Austin. London: J. Murray. 2 volumes.

ROBERTSON, JAMES C. History of the Christian Church; from the Apostolic Age to the Reformation. London: J. Murray. 1875. 8 volumes.

ROBERTSON, WM. History of the reign of the emperor Charles V.; with life of the emperor after his abdication, by W. H. Prescott. London: George Routledge & Sons. 2 volumes. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. 3 volumes.

ROBINSON, A. MARY F. (Madame Darmesteter). The end of the middle ages. London: T. F. Unwin. 1889.

"Essays and questions in History," as follows: the Beguines and the Weaving Brothers; the Convent of Helfta; the attraction of the Abyss (Mysticism); the Schism; Valentine Visconti; the French claim to Milan; the Malatestas of Rimini; the Ladies of Milan; the Flight of Piero de' Medici; the French at Pisa.

ROSE, J. H. A century of continental history, 1780-1880. London: Edward Stanford. 1889.

Aims only at "giving an outline of the main events which have brought the Continent of Europe to its present political condition," and does so acceptably.

SCHLOSSER, F. C. History of the eighteenth century, etc.; translated by D. Davison. London: Chapman & Hall. 1843-52; 8 volumes.

SHEPPARD, JOHN G. The fall of Rome and the rise of the new nationalities. London and New York: Routledge. 1861.

"One of the best manuals for the use of a student or the Middle Ages. Perhaps its most striking characteristic is in its large dependence on original authorities, and in the stress winch it lays on the use of such authorities in the study of the period under examination." C. K. Adams, Manual of Historical Literature. 3d edition, page 168.

SMITH, I. GREGORY: Christian Monasticism, from the 4th to the 9th centuries. London: A. D. Innes & Co. 1892.

SMYTH, WM. Lectures on modern history. London: H. G. Bohn. 2 volumes.

SOREL, ALBERT. L'Europe et la Revolution française. Paris: Plon. 1885.

STEPHENS, W. R. W. Hildebrand and his Times. London: Longmans. 1888.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Church History."

STILLÉ, CHARLES J. Studies in mediæval history. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1882.

On the following topics: General characteristics of the mediæval era; the Barbarians and their invasions; the Frankish conquests and Charlemagne; Mohammed and his System; mediæval France; Germany, feudal and imperial; Saxon and Danish England; England after the Norman conquest; the Papacy to the reign of Charlemagne; the Papacy and the Empire; the struggle for Italian nationality; Monasticism, Chivalry and the Crusades: Scholastic philosophy—the Schoolmen—Universities; the laboring classes in the Middle Ages; mediæval Commerce; the era of Secularization.

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STUBBS, WILLIAM. Seventeen lectures on the study of mediæval and modern history and kindred subjects. Oxford: Clarendon Press: 1886. New York: Macmillan & Co. 1887.

Inaugural Lecture; on the Present State and Prospects of Historical Study; the Purposes and Methods of Historical Study; Learning and Literature at the court of Henry II.; the Mediæval Kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia; on the Characteristic Differences between Mediæval and Modern History; the Reign of Henry VIII.; Parliament under Henry VIII.; history of the Canon Law in England; the Reign of Henry VII.; last statutory public lecture.

SYBEL, HEINRICH VON. History and literature of the Crusades; translated from the German. London: Chapman & Hall. 1861.

SYMONDS, JOHN ADDINGTON. The Catholic reaction. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1886. 2 volumes.

These are the concluding volumes of Symonds' "Renaissance in Italy."

TRENCH, RICHARD C. Lectures on mediæval Church history. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1878.

VAN PRAET, JULES. Essays on the political history of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries [translated from the French]. London: Richard Bentley. 1868.

VILLEMAIN, A. F. Life of Gregory VII. [Hildebrand]; preceded by a sketch of the Papacy to the 11th century; translated from the French. London: R. Bentley & Son. 1874. 2 volumes.

VOLTAIRE, F. M. AROUET DE. Annals of the empire, from the time of Charlemagne. (Works, translated by Smollett and others, 1761, volumes 20-22).

WARD, A., W. The Counter-Reformation. London: Longmans. 1889.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Church History."

WOODHOUSE, F. C. The military religious orders of the Middle Ages. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1879.

GREAT BRITAIN: GENERAL.

BRIGHT, J. F. History of England. London: Rivingtons. 1880-1888. 4 volumes.

A very carefully written history, brought down to 1880; quite full in detail, and necessarily, therefore, condensed in the narrative.

BUCKLE, HENRY THOMAS. History of civilization in England. London: Longmans. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 2 volumes.

A work which has lost the great influence that it exerted when it first appeared, but which is full of suggestion, nevertheless, to one who reads it thoughtfully.

BUCKLEY, ARABELLA B. History of England for beginners. London: Macmillan & Co. 1887.

BURROWS, MONTAGU. Commentaries on the history of England from the earliest times to 1865. Edinburg: W. Blackwood & Sons. 1893.

A successful "attempt to interpret the History of England in accordance wit the latest researches"; "a digest and a commentary rather than an abstract or an epitome.

BURTON, JOHN HILL. History of Scotland from Agricola's invasion to the last Jacobite insurrection; new and enlarged edition. Edinburg: W. Blackwood & Sons. 8 volumes.

CALLCOTT, Lady M. Little Arthur's history of England. London: J. Murray.

Very high in the esteem of those who judge books for children most carefully.

DICEY, ALBERT V. The Privy Council: the Arnold prize essay. London: Macmillan & Co. 1887.

DUFFY, Sir CHARLES GAVAN. Bird's-eye view of Irish history. Dublin: J. Duffy & Son. 1882.

ENGLISH WORTHIES; edited by Andrew Lang. London: Longmans. 1885.

Raleigh; by Edmund Gosse. Blake; by David Hannay. Claverhouse; by Mowbray Morris Marlborough; by George Saintsbury. Shaftesbury; by H. D. Traill. Canning; by F. H. Hill. Darwin; by Grant Allen.

FORSYTH, WILLIAM; History of Trial by Jury. London: J. W. Parker. 1852.

FREEMAN, EDWARD A. The growth of the English constitution. London: Macmillan & Co. 1872.

GAIRDNER, JAMES, and JAMES SPEDDING. Studies in English history. Edinburgh. 1881.

A volume of collected essays, on the Lollards, the Historical element in Shakespeare's Falstaff, Katharine of Aragon's first and second marriages, history of the doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings, Sundays, ancient and modern, and other topics.

GARDINER, SAMUEL RAWSON. Historical biographies. London: Longmans. 1884.

Contains brief but excellent biographies of Simon de Montfort, Edward the Black Prince, Sir Thomas More, Sir Francis Drake, Cromwell, and William III.

A student's history of England, from the earliest times to 1885. London: Longmans. 1890—1. 3 volumes.

Professor Gardiner, being a specialist distinctly, in the one period of English history to which he has devoted himself—the period of the Stuarts—would not claim authority, of course, as an original investigator of other times; and some parts of this general text-book have been found open to criticism. But, on the whole, it can claim the first rank among text-books of its class.

GNEIST, RUDOLPH. History of the English Constitution; translated from the German. London: W. Clowes & Son. 1886. 2 volumes.

The English Parliament in its transformations through a thousand years. London: Grevel & Co. 1886.

"The work of Gneist on the English Constitution is scarcely less indispensable to the English student than the works of Stubbs and Hallam, while, as a distinguished jurist and politician in Germany, he surveys his subject from a different standpoint." S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger, Introduction to the study of English' History, page 410.

GREEN, JOHN RICHARD. Short history of the English people. Illustrated edition, edited by Mrs. J. R. Green and Miss Kate Norgate. London: Macmillan & Co. New York: Harper & Bros. 4 volumes.

"The success of the 'Short History' was rapid and overwhelming. Everybody read it. It was philosophical enough for scholars, and popular enough for school boys. No historical book since Macaulay's has made its way so fast. … The characteristic note of his [Green's] genius was also that of Gibbon's, the combination of a perfect mastery of multitudinous details with a large and luminous view of those far-reaching forces and relations which govern the fortunes of peoples and guide the course of empire." J. Bryce, John Richard Green (Macmillan's Magazine, May, 1883).

History of the English people. London: Macmillan & Co. New York: Harper & Bros. 1878. 4 volumes.

An enlargement of the "Short History."

JOYCE, P. W. Short history of Ireland, from the earliest times to 1608. London: Longmans. 1893.

KNIGHT, CHARLES. Popular history of England; London: Bradbury & Evans. 8 volumes.

A work of great merit as a popular history, making no pretensions to original research; liberal in spirit and admirable in tone. It was one of the first works of the kind to be pictorially illustrated in a really historical way.

LANGMEAD, THOMAS P. TASWELL. English constitutional history, from the Teutonic conquest to the present time. 2d edition revised, with additions. London: Stevens & H. 1880.

LINGARD, JOHN. History of England from the first invasion by the Romans. London: Burns & Oates; 10 volumes.

English history written with general fairness from the Roman Catholic standpoint.

LOFTIE, W. J. History of London. London: E. Stanford. 1883-1884. 2 volumes with supplement.

MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON, Baron. History of England from the accession of James II. London: Longmans.

A brief survey of previous events introduces the history proper which begins with the accession of James II., in 1685. As the death of the author brought his work to an abrupt end before he had finished his account of the reign of William III. (1689-1702), the history covers a period of less than eighteen years. Its extraordinary brilliancy, on the one and, and its defects of partisan prejudice and misjudgment on the other, are well known. "I can see Macaulay's great and obvious faults as well as any man; I know as well as any man the cautions with which his brilliant pictures must be studied; but I cannot feel that I have any right to speak lightly of one to whom I owe so much in the matter of actual knowledge, and to whom I owe more than to any man as the master of historical narrative." E. A. Freeman, Methods of Historical Study, page 105.

POWELL, F. YORK. History of England, to the death of Henry VII. London: F. Rivingtons.

An excellent school text-book of the early centuries of English history, presenting really one of the best succinct studies that can be found of the four centuries from the first Norman to the first Tudor. It belongs to a series of three volumes, only one other of which (the third, by Professor Tout) has appeared.

RANNIE, DAVID W. Historical outline of the English Constitution, for beginners. London: Longmans. 1882.

SKOTTOWE, B. C. A short history of Parliament. London: Sonnenschein & Co. 1892.

SMITH, G. BARNETT. History of the English Parliament; with an account of the Parliaments of Scotland and Ireland. London: Ward, Lock, B., & Co. 1892. 2 volumes.

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SOUTHEY, ROBERT. Lives of the British admirals; completed by Robert Bell: London: Longmans. 1833. 5 volumes.

TRAILL, HENRY D., editor Social England; a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature, and manners, from the earliest times to the present day, by, various writers., London: Cassell & Co. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1894-5.

A work somewhat unequally executed by the different writers engaged; but generally admirable, and exceedingly interesting. Three volumes have thus far been issued.

TWELVE ENGLISH STATESMEN. London: Macmillan & Co; 1888-.

William the Conqueror; by Edward, A. Freeman. Henry the Second; by Mrs. J. R. Green. Edward the First; by Prof. T. F. Tout. Henry the Seventh; by James Gairdner. Cardinal Wolsey; by Bishop Creighton. Elizabeth; by E. S. Beesly. Oliver Cromwell; by Frederic Harrison. William the Third; by H. D. Traill. Walpole; by John Morley. Chatham [in preparation]; by John Morley. Pitt; by Lord Rosebery. Peel; by J. R. Thursfield.

YONGE, CHARLOTTE M. Cameos from English history. London: Macmillan. 1871-1890. Philadelphia.: Lippincott & Co.

Seven series of clear-cut historical narratives, each quite distinct in subject, but following one another in close relations of time. Many of the subjects are from Continental events which have some close connection with English history. The periods covered by the several series are defined and entitled as follows: 1. Rollo to Edward II. 2. The wars in France. 3. The wars of the Roses. 4. Reformation times. 5. England and Spain. 6. Forty years of Stewart rule. 7. Rebellion and Restoration.

GREAT BRITAIN: EARLY AND MEDIÆVAL.

BROWNE: MATTHEW. Chaucer's England. London: Hurst & Blackett. 1869. 2 volumes.

CHURCH, R. W. Saint Anselm. London: Macmillan & Co. 1870.

CREIGHTON, MANDELL. Life of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester. London: Rivingtons. 1876.

ELTON, CHARLES. Origins of English history. London: B. Quaritch. 1882.

"An attempt to rearrange in a convenient form what is known of the history of this country from those obscure ages which preceded the Roman invasions to the time when the English accepted the Christian religion."— Author's opening chapter.

ENGLISH HISTORY FROM CONTEMPORARY WRITERS: The misrule of Henry III. Edward III. and his wars. Strongbow's conquest of Ireland. Simon de Montfort and his cause. The Wars of York and Lancaster. London: D. Nutt. 5 volumes.

FREEMAN, EDWARD A. History of the Norman Conquest of England; its causes and its results. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1870. 5 volumes and index.

Old English history for children. London: Macmillan & Co. 1869.

An attempt by the late Professor Freeman to make "Old English history" interesting to children, and one in which he did not fail.

The reign of William Rufus and the accession of Henry I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1882. 2 volumes.

"Taken as a whole, the seven volumes ['Norman Conquest' and 'William Rufus'] give us such a masterly philosophic analysis and such a picturesque and vivid narrative of the history of England in the eleventh century that it must be pronounced the monumental work upon which Mr. Freeman's reputation will chiefly rest." John Fiske, Edward Augustus Freeman (Atlantic Monthly, January 1893).

GAIRDNER, JAMES. History of the life and reign of Richard III. London: Longmans. 1878.

"I have, in working out this subject, always adhered to the plan of placing my chief reliance on contemporary information; and so far as I am aware, I have neglected nothing important that is either directly stated by original authorities and contemporary records, or that can be reasonably inferred from what they say." Author's preface.

The Houses of Lancaster and York, with the conquest and loss of France. London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.

Belonging in the excellent series of the "Epochs of Modern History"—small, but satisfactory.

GREEN, J. R. The making of England. London: Macmillan & Co. 1881.

The conquest of England. London: Macmillan & Co. 1883.

In the first of these books, Mr. Green has told the story of the Saxons and Angles in England down to the union of the land under, Ecgberht; the period of their settlement, "in which their political and social life took the form which it still retains." In the second work he continues the narrative to the Norman conquest.

GREEN, Mrs. J. R. Town life in the fifteenth century. London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1894. 2 volumes.

"Every page gives proof of careful research, skilful arrangement of facts, and felicitous treatment." C. J. Robinson, Review (Academy, June 16, 1894).

GROSS, CHARLES. The Gild Merchant; a contribution to British municipal history. Oxford. 1890.

Concededly the best work on the subject.

KEMBLE, JOHN M. The Saxons in England. New edition, edited and revised by W. De Gray Birch. London: B. Quaritch. 1876. 2 volumes.

"An account of the principles upon which the public and political, life of our Anglosaxon forefathers was based; and of the institutions in which those principles were most clearly manifested." Author's Preface.

"Kemble has no narrative work to compare with that of Palgrave; but the 'Saxons in England' may fairly be compared with the 'History of the English Commonwealth.' They are two great works, works of two great scholars, who assuredly are not yet superseded. They will give you two sides of the same general story." E. A. Freeman, Methods of Historical Study, page 281.

LECHLER, G. John Wiclif and his English precursors; translated from the German. London: C. K. Paul & Co. 1878. 2 volumes.

LONGMAN, WILLIAM. History of the life and times of Edward III. London: Longmans. 1869.

MAURICE, C. EDMUND. Lives of English popular leaders in the Middle Ages. London: H. S. King, 1872-5. 2 volumes.

Stephen Langton, Wat Tyler, John Ball and Sir John Oldcastle are the subjects.

NORGATE, KATE. England under the Angevin kings. London: Macmillan & Co. 1887. 2 volumes.

"In point of historical scholarship it is rarely indeed that Miss Norgate gives anything to complain of. What strikes us before all things is her firm grasp of facts and authorities. … It is a sterling book, one which places its writer very high indeed in the ranks of real scholars." E. A. Freeman, Review (English History Review, October., 1887).

OMAN, CHARLES W. Warwick, the Kingmaker. London: Macmillan & Co. 1891.

An excellent small book on the Wars of the Roses, written for a series entitled, "English Men of Action."

PALGRAVE, Sir FRANCIS. History of Normandy and England. London: Macmillan & Co. 1851 and 1878. 4 volumes.

A work which can almost be described as the history of Western Europe from the eighth to the end of the eleventh century, viewed especially in its connection with the movements and settlements of the Northmen.

History of the Anglo Saxons. London: W. Tegg.

Written from studies made more than sixty years ago, and subject now to considerable modification; but it is still valuable, and no later work has quite replaced it.

The rise and progress of the English Commonwealth: Anglo-Saxon period. London: Murray. 1831. 2 volumes.

See note to Kemble's "Saxons in England," above.

PASTON LETTERS, THE; 1422-1509; a new edition, edited by James Gairdner. London: [E. Arber.] 1872. 3 volumes.

"A collection of family letters written during the Wars of the Roses, which are now commonly known as the 'Paston Letters,' because most of them were written by or to particular persons of the family of Paston in Norfolk. … Mr. Gardner's Introduction of 130 closely printed pages to the first volume, 50 to the second, and 60 to the third, is a book in itself, giving a clear record of the public and private life of England from 1422 to 1509, so far as they are illustrated by, or illustrate, the 'Paston letters.'" H. Morley, English Writers, volume 6, pages 253 and 261.

PAULI, R. Life of Alfred the Great; translated from the German by B. Thorpe. London: Bohn. 1853.

PEARSON, CHARLES H. History of England during the Early and Middle Ages. London: Bell & Daldy. 1867. 2 volumes.

A work of ability which presents views of early English history considerably antagonistic to those of Stubbs, Freeman and Green, especially concerning the destructiveness of the Saxon conquest and the completeness of the break in institutional history which that event produced; also touching the results of the Norman conquest.

PROTHERO, GEORGE W. Life of Simon De Montfort. London: Longmans. 1877.

RAMSAY, Sir JAMES H. Lancaster and York: a century of English history (A. D.1399-1485). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1892. 2 volumes.

"'Lancaster and York' is essentially a book of reference, to be at the elbow of every careful student who would know the honest fact, or would be saved indefinite quest through a score of records. … We must admit that it is not a readable book." G. Gregory Smith. Review (Academy, October 29, 1892).

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RHYS, J. Celtic Britain. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1882.

A small book, but probably the best that can be found on the subject.

ROUND, J. H. Geoffrey de Mandeville; a study of the Anarchy. London: Longmans. 1892.

Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, played a dishonorable but important part in the strife for the English crown between the Empress Matilda and Stephen of Blois. He is used by Mr. Round as merely a central figure in the most thorough study that has been made of that distressing time of anarchy.

ROWLEY, JAMES. The rise of the People and the growth of Parliament, 1215-1485. London: Longmans.

An interesting outline of the period in which the popular institutions of England were rooted. It is one of the little volumes in the series of the "Epochs of English History."

SCARTH, H. M. Roman Britain. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.

SKENE, W. F. Celtic Scotland. Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas. 1876. 3 volumes.

STUBBS, WILLIAM. Constitutional history of England in its origin and development. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1874-7. 3 volumes.

"In along and careful study of the Bishop of Chester's writings I will not say that I have always agreed with every inference that he has drawn from his evidence; but I can say that I have never found a flaw in the statement of his evidence. … After five-and-thirty years' knowledge of him and his works, I can say without fear that he is the one man among living scholars to whom one may most freely go as to an oracle, that we may feel more sure with him than with any other that in his answer we carry away words of truth which he must be rash indeed who calls in question." E. A. Freeman, Methods of historical study, page 10.

The Early Plantagenets. London: Longmans. 1877.

A little volume in the series of "Epochs of Modern History," contributed by one of the master-historians.

WARBURTON, W. Edward the Third. London: Longmans.

In the series of the "Epochs of Modern History."

WRIGHT, THOMAS. The Celt, the Roman and the Saxon: a history of the early inhabitants of Britain. London: Trübner & Co. 1875.

Particularly a good summary of what is known of the Celtic and Roman periods.

History of domestic manners and sentiments in England during the Middle Ages. London: Chapman & Hall. 1862.

WYLIE, JAMES HAMILTON. History of England under Henry IV. London: Longmans. 1881-94. 2 volumes. (a third volume to come).

An elaborate and painstaking investigation of the period, producing a useful but not an interesting work.

GREAT BRITAIN: MODERN.

AIRY, OSMUND. The English restoration and Louis XIV.; from the Peace of Westphalia to the Peace of Nimwegen. London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1889.

ANSON, Sir W. R. Law and custom of the Constitution. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1886.

BACON, FRANCIS, Lord. History of the reign of Henry VII. [Works, edited by Spedding, et al., volume 6.] London: Longmans, 1857-62.

BAGEHOT, WALTER. The English Constitution. London: Chapman & Hall.

Not a history of the English constitution, but an essay in exposition and elucidation of its principles and its practical working. The book is one of the classics of political literature.

BAYNE, PETER. The chief actors in the Puritan Revolution; 2d edition. London: J. Clarke & Co. 1879.

BOURNE, H, R. FOX. English seamen under the Tudors. London: R. Bentley. 1868. 2 volumes.

Sir Philip Sidney. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1891. London: T. F. Unwin.

In the series entitled "Heroes of the Nations."

BOUTMY, ÉMILE. The English Constitution; translated from the French, with an introduction by Sir Fredrick Pollock. London: Macmillan & Co. 1891.

BREWER, J. S. The reign of Henry VIII. from his accession to the death of Wolsey. London: J. Murray. 1884. 2 volumes.

This work "consists of four different treatises, which were originally published as prefaces to the four volumes of 'Letters an Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII.,' edited by Professor Brewer for the Master of the Rolls. … They do not … contain a detailed systematic narrative of all that was done in the times of which they treat; but they certainly do contain a review of the reign of Henry VIII. down to the death of Wolsey, as clear sighted as it is comprehensive, drawn from the latest sources of information, carefully collected and arranged by the author himself." Preface, by James Gairdner.

BRIDGET, T. E. Life and writings of Sir Thomas More. London: Burns & Oates; 1891.

BURKE, S. HUBERT. Historical portraits of the Tudor dynasty and the Reformation period. London: J. Hodges. 1879-83. 4 volumes.

An interesting, view of Tudor times and people by a well instructed and fairly candid Roman Catholic student.

BURNET, Bishop. History of his own time. London: W. Smith. 1839. 2 volumes.

BURTON, THOMAS [member in the Parliaments of Oliver and Richard Cromwell from 1656 to 1659]. Diary; edited by J. T. Rutt. London: H. Colburn. 1828. 4 volumes.

CARLYLE, THOMAS. Oliver Cromwell's letters and speeches, with elucidations. London: Chapman & Hall. 5 volumes. CHAMBERS, ROBERT. History of the rebellion of 1745-6. Edinburgh 1847.

CHARLES I. Letters to Queen Henrietta Maria; edited by 'J. Bruce. London: Camden Society 1856.

CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE, Earl of. History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England. Oxford. 1849. 7 volumes.

"What is unique in his case is the value of his facts, as contrasted with, nay as demonstrating, the inconsequence of his reasonings. Other historians, when they go wrong, can be refuted only by reference to other authorities; Clarendon can be answered out of his own lips." P. Bayne, Chief Actors in the Puritan Revolution, page 475.

COOKE, GEORGE W. History of Party, from the rise of the Whig and Tory factions, in the reign of Charles II., to the passing of the Reform Bill. London: J. Macrone. 1836. 2 volumes.

CORDERY, B. MERITON, and J. S. PHILLPOTTS. King and Commonwealth; a history of Charles I. and the great rebellion. London: Seeley & Co. Philadelphia: J. H. Coates & Co.

The principal author of this bit of compact, careful historical writing is now better known as Mrs. Bertha M. Gardiner, wife of the historian, Samuel Rawson Gardiner.

CREIGHTON, LOUISE. Life of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough. London: Rivingtons. 1879.

Life of Sir Walter Raleigh. London: Rivingtons. 1877.

DICEY, A. V. Lectures introductory to the study of the law of the Constitution. London: Macmillan & Co. 1885.

EPOCHS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner & Co. 8 volumes or 1 volume.

Early England to the Norman Conquest; by F. York Powell.

England a Continental Power from the Conquest to the Great Charter, 1055-1215; by Mrs. M. Creighton.

The rise of the People and the growth of Parliament, from the Great Charter to the accession of Henry VII., 1215-1485; by James Rowley.

The Tudors and the Reformation, 1485—1603, by Rt. Rev. M. Creighton

The struggle against absolute Monarchy 1603-1088; by Mrs. S. R. Gardiner.

The settlement of the Constitution, 1689-1781: by James Rowley.

England during the American and European wars, 1763—1820; by O. W. Tancock.

Modern England, 1820-1885; by Oscar Browning.

FORSTER, JOHN. Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England. London: Longmans. 1840. 7 volumes.

Biographies of Eliot, Strafford, Pym, Hampden, Vane, Marten, Cromwell. It is now known that the biography of Strafford was written for Forster by Robert Browning, and it has been separately published as Browning's work. "Mr. Forster … was not only an historical writer, but his time and energies were also largely absorbed in the journalism of the Whig party of his day, and his treatment of important questions too often betrays the influence of a strong feeling of partisanship." S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger, Introduction to the study of English History, page 354.

FROUDE, J. A. History of England, from the fall of Wolsey to the death of Elizabeth. London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner & Co. 12 volumes.

“The well-known work of Mr. Fronde abounds with graphic descriptions accompanied by much admirable and just criticism. In its composition he was largely aided by his researches among the archives at Simancas, collections which at that time had been very imperfectly investigated. Unfortunately, the conception he has formed of the character and conduct of Henry VIII. is of so strange and unreal a kind as to deprive this portion of his History of much of its value. The reign of Edward VI. is described with more impartiality, but the policy of Somerset is somewhat harshly judged. … The volumes that relate to the reign of Elizabeth are the most valuable part of the work." S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger, Introduction to the study of English History, page 325.

Life and times of Thomas Becket. New York: C. Scribner.

GARDINER, S. R. The first two Stuarts and the Puritan revolution, 1603-1660. London: Longmans.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Modern History."

History of England from the accession of James I. to the outbreak of the civil war, 1603-1642. London: Longmans. 1883-4. 10 volumes.

History of the Great Civil War, 1642-1649. London: Longmans. 1886-94. 3 volumes.

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GARDINER, S. R. History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649-1660. London and New York: Longmans. 1894. volume 1.

editor, The constitutional documents of the Puritan revolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1889.

GASQUET, FRANCIS AIDAN. Henry VIII. and the English monasteries. London: J. Hodges. 1888. 2 volumes.

An investigation of facts connected with the suppression of the monasteries, by a learned Roman Catholic.

GEIKIE, C. The English Reformation. London: Strahan & Co. 1879.

GEORGE III. Correspondence with Lord North, from 1768 to 1783. London: J. Murray. 1867. 2 volumes.

GREVILLE, CHARLES C. F. Memoirs: a journal of the reigns of George IV., William IV., and Victoria. London: Longmans. 1874-88. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 8 volumes.

The journal is brought to a close in the year 1860.

GUIZOT, F. P. History of Richard Cromwell and the restoration of Charles II.; translated by A. R. Scoble. London: R. Bentley's Sons. 1856. 2 volumes.

History of the English revolution of 1640, commonly called the great rebellion; translated by William Hazlitt. London: H. Bohn. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1846. 2 volumes.

Monk: or the fall of the Republic and the restoration of the Monarchy in England in 1660; translated by A. R. Scoble. London: Bell & Daldy. 1866.

HALE, E. The fall of the Stuarts and Western Europe from 1678 to 1697. London: Longmans. 1876.

A small book in the series entitled "Epochs of Modern History."

HALL, HUBERT. Society in the Elizabethan Age. London: Sonnenschein & Co. 1887.

HALLAM, HENRY. Constitutional history of England, from the accession of Henry VII. to the death of George II. London: J. Murray. 3 volumes.

HAMILTON, J. A. Life of Daniel O'Connell. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1888.

HEATON, WILLIAM. The three reforms of Parliament: a history, 1830-1885. London: T. F. Unwin. 1885.

HERBERT OF CHERBURY, EDWARD, Lord. History of England under Henry VIII. London: A. Herbert. 1870.

HOSMER, JAMES K. Life of Young Sir Henry Vane, Governor of Massachusetts Bay and leader of the Long Parliament. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1888.

A careful study from original sources of the political career of Sir Henry Vane on both sides of the sea.

HUGHES, THOMAS. Alfred the Great. London: Macmillan & Co.

HUTCHINSON, LUCY. Memoirs of Colonel Hutchinson: revised, with additional notes, by C. H. Firth. London: Nimmo. 1885.

"Hutchinson represented Nottinghamshire in the Long Parliament, taking the parliamentary side; and the narrative throws much light on the conduct of the committees through which Parliament worked, and the machinery whereby it maintained its authority over the whole kingdom." S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger, Introduction to the study of English History, page 318.

JEPHSON, HENRY. The Platform: its rise and progress. London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1892. 2 volumes.

"In 1820 we find the word 'platform' used as describing the place from which the speakers addressed the meeting, and gradually, as we advanced into the present century, the word 'platform' by a perfectly simple and natural transition, came into general use and acceptation, not merely in the technical sense, as the place from which the Speech was made, but as descriptive of the spoken expression of public opinion outside Parliament." H. Jephson, The Platform, its rise and progress, introduction.

LECKY, W. E. H. History of England in the 18th century. London: Longmans. 1878-87. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1878-90. 8 volumes.

"Mr. Lecky's book ought to have been entitled 'Essays on the Growth of the British Empire during the Eighteenth Century.' … He has seized more clearly than most writers the fruitful idea that the importance of the eighteenth century in English history lies in the transformation of England into the British Empire, and further, that no part of British history can be understood unless the development of the Empire be regarded as a whole." A. V. Dicey, Lecky's History (Nation, April 18, 1878, page 261).

LETTERS AND PAPERS, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII., preserved in the Public Records Office, the British Museum and elsewhere in England; arranged and catalogued by J. S. Brewer [after his death by James Gairdner], under the direction of the Master of the Rolls. London: Longmans. 1862-93. 12 volumes in 18.

LYALL, Sir ALFRED. Warren Hastings. London: Macmillan & Co. 1889.

McCARTHY, JUSTIN. The epoch of Reform, 1830-1850., London: Longmans. 1882.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Modern History."

History of our own times, from the accession of Queen Victoria to the Berlin Congress. London: Chatto & Windus. 1879. 4 volumes. New York: Harper & Bros. 1880. 2 volumes.

A most readable narrative of recent history: colored by the national and partisan prejudices of the writer, as every contemporary writing of history is sure to be; but manifestly honest in intention, and a praiseworthy piece of work.

MACKINTOSH, Sir JAMES. History of the Revolution in England in 1688: comprising a view of the reign of James II.; completed, to the settlement of the crown, by the editor.

"Almost all the distinguished writers who have treated of English history are advocates. Mr. Hallam and Sir James Mackintosh alone are entitled to be called judges. But the extreme austerity of Mr. Hallam takes away something from the pleasure of reading his learned, eloquent and judicious writings. He is a judge, but a hanging judge, the Page or Buller of the High Court of Literary Justice. His black cap is in constant requisition. … Sir James, perhaps, erred a little on the other side. He liked a maiden assize and came away with white gloves, after sitting in judgment on batches of the most notorious offenders." Lord Macaulay, Sir James Mackintosh (Essays).

MAHON, Lord (afterwards Earl Stanhope). History of England, comprising the reign of Queen Anne until the Peace of Utrecht, 1701-1713. London: J. Murray. 1870.

History of England from the Peace of Utrecht [1713] to the Peace of Versailles [1783]. London: J. Murray. 7 volumes.

"Though the volumes of Lord Mahon are distinguished by research and varied learning, by a spirit at once candid, patient, and investigating—though his lordship possesses considerable ability as a narrator, and is a master of a style at once easy, flowing, and thoroughly English, yet with all his calm discrimination, and all his spirit of truth and justice, there 18 something of the leaven of old Toryism about his tone of thought." Fraser's Magazine, volume 51, page 128.

Life of William Pitt. 2d edition. London: J. Murray. 1862. 4 volumes.

MALLESON, Colonel G. B. Lord Clive. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1893.

MARTINEAU, HARRIET. History of England, A. D. 1800-1815; being an introduction to the history of the peace. London: G. Bell & Sons. 1878.

History of the Thirty Years' Peace, A. D. 1816-1846. London: G. Bell & Sons. 1877. 4 volumes.

A work which is exceedingly heavy reading, and which does not at all sustain the literary reputation of Miss Martineau. It gives, however, the most complete account we have of the thirty years following the Napoleonic wars.

MASSEY, WILLIAM. History of England during the reign of George III. 2d edition, revised and corrected. London: Longmans. 1865. 4 volumes.

"Mr. Massey is clear, succinct and nervous. He is a careful and conscientious inquirer, who searches into original and contemporary documents, and who does not take facts or adopt opinions at second hand. Mr. Massey is not a decided party man, though a Liberal in the best sense of the word." Fraser's Magazine, volume 51, page 144.

"The work is dispassionate and impartial in its tone." J. B. Mullinger, Introduction to the Study of English History, part 2, page 394.

MASSON, DAVID. Life of John Milton, narrated in connection with the political, ecclesiastical and literary history of his time. London: Macmillan & Co. 1858-80. 6 volumes and index.

"Professor Masson's 'Life of Milton' is an elaborate and often highly interesting study of all the contemporary movements—religious, political, and social—which may be supposed to have influenced the poet's genius or to have moulded the national history." S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger, Introduction to the study of English History, page 336.

MAY, THOMAS ERSKINE. Constitutional history of England since the accession of George III., 1760-1860. London: Longmans. 1861-2. Boston: Crosby & Nichols. 2 volumes.

A continuation of Hallam's "Constitutional History."

MIGNET, F. A. History of Mary, Queen of Scots. London: R. Bentley & Son. 1887.

MOBERLY, C. E. The early Tudors: Henry VII.; Henry VIII. London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1887.

A small book in the series entitled "Epochs of Modern History."

MOLESWORTH, WILLIAM NASSAU. History of England from 1830 to 1874. London: Chapman & Hall. 1874. 3 volumes.

MORLEY, JOHN. Edmund Burke: a historical study. London: Macmillan & Co. 1867.

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MORLEY, JOHN. Life of Richard Cobden. London: Chapman & Hall. 1881.

A fine piece of biographical writing and the best account existing, of the Anti-Corn-Law League and the struggle for free trade in England.

MORRIS, EDWARD E. The age of Anne. London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1877.

The early Hanoverians. London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1886.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Modern History."

NAPIER, MARK. Montrose and the Covenanters. London: J. Duncan. 1838. 2 volumes.

PAUL, ALEXANDER. History of reform; a record of the struggle for the representation of the people in Parliament. 2d edition. London: Routledge & Sons. 1884.

PEPYS, SAMUEL. Diary, completely transcribed by the late Rev. Mynors Bright, with Lord Braybrooke's notes; edited with additions by H.B. Wheatley. London: George Bell & Sons. 1893. 3 volumes.

PERRY, GEORGE G. History of the Reformation in England. London: Longmans. 1886.

PORRITT, EDWARD. The Englishman at home; his responsibilities and privileges. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co. 1893.

PRIME MINISTERS OF QUEEN VICTORIA; edited by Stuart J. Reid. London: S. Low, Marston & Co. 1890. New York: Harper & Bros.

Lord Beaconsfield; by J. A. Froude. Lord Melbourne; by Henry Dunckley. Sir Robert Peel; by Justin McCarthy. Gladstone; by G. W. E. Russell. Marquis of Salisbury; by H. D. Traill. Viscount Palmerston; by the Marquis of Lorne. The Earl of Derby; by George Saintsbury. The Earl of Aberdeen; by Sir A. Gordon.

RANKE, LEOPOLD VON. History of England, principally in the 17th century; translated from the German. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1875. 6 volumes.

The broadest and most philosophical study that has been made of English history in the important period from the Reformation to the Revolution.

SEELEY, J. R. The expansion of England. London: Macmillan & Co. 1883.

A comprehensive and highly suggestive survey of the colonial system of England and of her historical relations to the vast dependent empire that has been organized around her.

SMITH, GOLDWIN. Three English statesmen; a course of lectures on the political history of England. London: Macmillan & Co. 1867. New York: Harper & Bros.

The three English statesmen discussed are Pym, Cromwell and Pitt.

SMITH, R. BOSWORTH. Life of Lord Lawrence. London: Smith, Elder & Co; 1883. 2 volumes.

SOUTHEY, ROBERT. Life of Nelson. London: J. Murray.

SOUTHEY, ROBERT. Life of Wesley: the rise and progress of Methodism. London: Bell & Daldy. 1864.

STEBBING, W. Sir Walter Raleigh: a biography. Oxford. 1891.

SYDNEY, WILLIAM CONNOR. England and the English in the 18th century. London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1891. 2 volumes.

THACKERAY, W. M. The four Georges: sketches of manners, morals, court and town life. London: Smith & Elder. 1861. New York: Harper & Bros.

THORNBURY, G. W. Shakespeare's England; or sketches of our social history in the reign of Elizabeth. London: Longmans. 1856. 2 volumes.

TODD, ALPHEUS. Parliamentary government in England; its origin, development and practical operation; new edition, abridged and revised by Spencer Walpole. London: Low, Marston & Co. 1892. 2 volumes.

A work which has grown steadily in reputation since it first appeared.

TREVELYAN, GEORGE OTTO. Early history of Charles James Fox. London: Longmans. 1880.

TULLOCH, JOHN. English Puritanism and its Leaders. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood & Sons.

Biographical essays on Cromwell, Milton, Baxter and Bunyan.

TWO CENTURIES OF IRISH HISTORY; with introduction by James Bryce. London: K. Paul & Co. 1888.

WAITE, ROSAMUND. Life of the Duke of Wellington. London: Rivingtons. 1878.

WAKELING, G. H. King and Parliament (A. D. 1603-1714). London: Blackie & Son. 1894.

One of a promising series of small books lately undertaken, entitled "Oxford Manuals of English History."

WALPOLE, SPENCER. History of England from the conclusion of the great war in 1815. London: Longmans. 1878-86. 5 volumes.

"His treatment does not exhibit any of the higher powers of philosophic generalisation; but his research is extensive; and the commercial, economic, and financial questions which now begin to enter more largely than ever into the political history of the nation, are treated with sound judgment and conspicuous moderation." S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger, Introduction to the study of English History, page 403.

WOLSELEY, G. J., Viscount. Life of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, to the accession of Queen Anne. London: R. Bentley & Son. 1894. 2 volumes.

WRIGHT, THOMAS, editor. Queen Elizabeth and her times: a series of original letters. London: H. Colburn. 1838. 2 volumes.

Letters selected from the unpublished private correspondence of the Lord Treasurer Burghley, the Earl of Leicester, and other distinguished persons of the time.

GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

ARNDT, E. M. Werke. Leipzig. 1892-. Geist der Zeit. Erinnerungen, etc.

All-important for age of Napoleon.

ARNETH, A. V. Geschichte Maria Theresias. Wien. 1863-79. 10 volumes.

BAUMGARTEN, H. Geschichte Karls V. volumes 1-8. Stuttgart. 1885-92.

Extends only to 1639.

BENEDETTI, V., Comte. Ma Mission en Prusse. Paris. 1871.

BEUST, FRIEDRICH F., Count von. Memoirs [1830-/ 1885]. London: Remington & Co. 1887. 2 volumes.

The memoirs of a statesman who bore the leading part in the reconstruction and reconstitution of the Austrian empire after the Seven Weeks War of 1866 are necessarily important and interesting.

BEZOLD, F. VON. Geschichte der Deutschen Reformation. Berlin. 1887-90.

Theil von Oncken, Allgem. gesch. in Einzeldarstellungen. Highly praised.

BIEDERMANN, K. Dreissig jahre Deutscher geschichte; von der Thronbesteigung Friedrich Wilhelms IV bis zur aufrichtung des neuen Deutschen Kaiserthums. Breslau. 1881-2. 2 volumes.

Mein Leben und ein Stück Zeitgeschichte. Breslau. 1886-7. 2 volumes.

BISMARCK, Furst. Gesammelte werke: briefe, reden und aktenstücke; herausg. von B. Walden. 5 volumes. Berlin. 1892. Briefe. Eb. 1892.

Politische reden. Historisch-kritische gesammtausgabe besorgt von H. Kohl. Stuttgart. 1892-4. 9 volumes.

BLUM, Dr. Hans. Das Deutsche Reich zur zeit Bismarcks; politische geschichte von 1871 bis 1890. Leipzig und Wien. 1893. volumes 1-2.

BOYEN, HERMANN V. Erinnerungen aus dem Leben. Herausgegeben von F. Nippold. Leipzig. 1889-90.

Important for the war of Liberation.

BRACE, CHARLES LORING. Hungary in 1851. New York: C. Scribner. 1852.

BRACKENBURY, Colonel C. B. Frederick the Great. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1884.

A succinct, clear, well studied military history.

BROGLIE, JACQUES V. A., Duc de. Frederick the Great and Maria Theresa; translated by Mrs. Hoey and J. Lillie. London: Low, Marston & Co. 1883. 2 volumes.

"Piquant, readable, and full of interesting revelations." Herbert Tuttle, Preface to "History of Prussia under Frederick the Great."

BROSIEN, H. Preussische geschichte: Abth. 1. Geschichte der Mark Brandenburg im Mittelalter. Leipzig. 1887.

Das wissen der gegen wart.

BUCHWALD, G. V. Deutsches gesellschaftsleben im endenden Mittelalter. Kiel. 1885-7. 2 volumes.

BULLE, C. Geschichte der neuesten zeit, 1815-1871. Leipzig. 1886'-7. 4 volumes.

BUNSEN, CH. K. J., Freiherr v. Aus seinen Briefen und nach eigener Erinnerung geschildert, von seiner Witwe. 3 auf., vermehrt von F. Nippold. Leipzig. 1868-71. 3 volumes.

CARLYLE, THOMAS. History of Friedrich II. of Prussia. London: Chapman & Hall. New York: Harper & Bros.

See note to Tuttle's "History of Prussia." below.

COXE, WILLIAM. History of the house of Austria, 1218-1792. London: H. G. Bohn. 3 volumes.

"Besides being a work of real intrinsic merit, it has the greater distinction of being the only complete history of the House of Austria accessible to the reader of English." C. K. Adams. Manual of Historical Literature, 3d edition; page 283.

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DAHLMANN-WAITZ. Quellenkunde der Deutschen geschichte. Gottingen. 1894.

6,550 titles.

DEBIDOUR, A. Histoire diplomatique de l'Europe depuis l'ouverture du congrès de Vienne jusqu' à la clôture du congrès de Berlin (1814-1878). Paris. 1891. volumes 1-2.

DELBRÜCK, H. Das Leben des Feldmarshalls Grafen Neithardt von Gneisenau. Berlin. 1882. 2 volumes.

DICEY, EDWARD. The battlefields of 1866. London: Tinsley Bros. 1866.

The campaign [of 1866] in Germany. (Macmillan's Magazine, 14:386. 1866.)

DÖLLINGER, J. V. Das Papstthum. München: 1892.

Briefe und Erklärungen über die Vatikanischen Dekrete, 1869-87. Herausg. von F. H. Reusch. Münch. 1890.

DROYSEN, G. Gustav Adolf. Leipzig. 1869-70. 2 volumes.

Well written and by a great authority.

DROYSEN, J. G. Das Leben des Feldmarshalls Grafen Yorck von Wartenburg. 9 auf. Berlin. 1884. 2 volumes.

DUNHAM, S. A. History of the Germanic empire. London: Longmans. 1834. 3 volumes.

EGELHAAF, G. Deutsche Geschichte im zeitalter der Reformation. Berlin. 1885.

A prize work.

EHERRIER, C. DE. Histoire de la lutte des papes et des empereurs de la maison de Souabe; Paris. 1858-9. 3 volumes.

ERDMANNSDÖRFFER, B. Deutsche Geschichte vom Westphälischen Frieden bis zum Regierungsantritt Friedrichs des grossen, 1648-1740. Berlin. 1892-4. 2 volumes.

Theil von Oncken, Allgem. gesch.

FORBES, ARCHIBALD. William of Germany. London: Cassell & Co. 1888.

FORSTER, FLORENCE. A. Francis Deak, Hungarian statesman: a memoir; with a preface by M. E. Grant Duff. London: Macmillan & Co. 1880.

FREDERIC, HAROLD. The young emperor, William II. of Germany. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. London: T. F. Unwin. 1891.

FREDERICK II. (called the Great.) History of my own times [1740-1745]. (Posthumous works; translated by Thomas Holcroft. volume 1. London. 1789. 13 volumes.).

FREYTAG, G. Bilder aus der Deutschen Vergangenheit. Leipzig. 18th edition. 1892. 5 volumes.

Excellent as history and as literature.

GARDINER, SAMUEL R. The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648. (Epochs of history.) London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1874. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1876.

GERMANY, FEDERAL. CONSTITUTION OF; with an historical introduction; translated from the German. Philadelphia 1890.

Published in the Political Economy and Public Law Series of the University of Pennsylvania.

GERVINUS, G. G. Geschichte des XIX Jahrhunderts seit den Wiener Verträgen. Leipzig. 1855-66. 8 volumes.

GIESEBRECHT, W. v. Geschichte der Deutschen Kaizerzeit; Braunschweig u. Leipzig.

Five editions, last one in 1888. Extends from 911 to c. 1180.

GINDELY, ANTON. History of the Thirty Years' War; translated by A. Ten Brook. London: R. Bentley & Sons. 1884. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1884. 2 volumes.

GODKIN, EDWIN L. History of Hungary and the Magyars. London: Cassell & Co. 1853.

GÖRGEI, ARTHUR. My life and acts in Hungary, 1848-9; translated. London: D. Bogue. New York: Harper & Bros. 1852.

GÖTZ VON BERLICHINGEN. Eigne Lebensbeschreibung. In Götz Graf von Berlichingen-Rossach: geschichte des Ritters G. v. B. und seiner Familie. Leipzig. 1861.

(Also in Reclam library.)

GOULD, S. BARING. The story of Germany. London: T. F. Unwin. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1886.

In the series entitled "Story of the Nations."

HALLWICH, H. Wallenstein's Ende: ungedruckte Briefe und Akten. Leipzig. 1879. 2 volumes.

HAÜSSER, L. Deutsche geschichte vom Tode Friedrichs des grossen bis zur gründung des Deutschen Bundes. Berlin. 1869. 4 volumes.

HENDERSON, ERNEST F. A history of Germany in the Middle Ages. London: George Bell & Sons. 1894.

This is the only book which brings to English readers the latest fruits of the thorough-going German investigation of German mediæval history.

HOFER, ANDREW. Memoirs of the life of; containing an account of the transactions in the Tyrol, 1809; from the German, by C. H. Hall. London: J. Murray. 1820.

HOZIER, H. M. The Seven Weeks' War. London: Macmillan & Co. 1867. 2 volumes.

HUDSON, E. H. The life and times of Louisa, Queen of Prussia. London: Hatchards. 2 volumes.

JASTROW, I. Geschichte des Deutschen Einheitstraums und seiner Erfüllung. Berlin. 1891.

A prize essay.

KLAPKA., General GEORGE. Memoirs of the war of independence in Hungary; translated by O. Wenckstern. London: C. Gilpin. 1850. 2 volumes.

KOSER, R. Friedrich der grosse als Kronprinz. Stuttgart. 1886.

König Friedrich der grosse. volumes 1. 1893. Bibl. D. G.

Greatest modern authority on Frederick.

KÖSTLIN, J. Luthers Leben. Leipzig. 1882.

LENZ, M. Martin Luther. Berlin. 1883.

Short, scholarly and well written.

KRAUSE, GUSTAV. The growth of German unity, London: David Nutt. 1892.

KUGLER, B. Wallenstein. Leipzig. 1884.

Der Neue Plutarch.

LAMPRECHT, K. Deutsche geschichte. Berlin. 1891. volumes 1-5.

Extends as yet to the Reformation.

LEGER, LOUIS. History of Austro-Hungary; translated by Mrs. Birkbeck Hill. London: Rivingtons. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1889.

LEHMANN, M. Scharnhorst. Leipzig. 1886-7.

LEWIS, CHARLTON T. History of Germany. New York: Harper & Bros. 1874.

Based on Muller's History of the German People.

LIPPERT J. Deutsche Sittengeschichte. Leipzig. 1889. 3 volumes.

Das Wissen der gegenwart.

LÖHER, F. V. Kulturgeschichte der Deutschen im Mittelalter. Münich. 1891-4. 3 volumes.

LONGMAN, F. W. Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War. London:. Longmans, Green & Co. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1881.

LOWE, CHARLES. Prince Bismarck; an historical biography. London: Cassell & Co. 1885. 2 volumes.

MACAULAY, Lord. Frederick the Great. [Essays.] London: Longmans, Green & Co. Boston: Estes & Lauriat. 3 volumes.

This fascinating essay does not in all matters represent the facts and the personages of the story as less brilliant but more careful historians of the present day depict them. [sic.]

MALET, Sir ALEXANDER. The overthrow of the Germanic confederation, 1866. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1870.

MALLESON, Colonel G. B. Battle-fields of Germany. London: V. H. Allen & Co. 1884.

Life of Prince Metternich. London: W. H. Allen & Co. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott &; Co. 1888.

Loudon [Austrian field-marshal, 1743-1790]. London: Chapman & Hall. 1884.

The refounding of the German empire, 1848-1871. London, Seeley & Co. 1893. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.

MAURENBRECHER, W. Gründung des Deutschen Reichs, 1859-1871, Leipzig. 1892.

MAURICE, C. EDMUND. Revolutionary movement of 1848-9 in Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany. London: George Bell and Sons. 1887. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

MAXIMILIEN I. et MARGUERITE D' AUTRICHE. Correspondence, 1507-19. Paris: A. G. LeGlay. 1839. 2 volumes.

MAZADE, CH. DE. Un chancelier d' ancien régime. Le règne diplomatique de Metternich. Paris. 1889.

MENZEL, WOLFGANZ. History of Germany; translated from 4th German edition by Mrs. G. Horrocks. London: H. G. Bohn. 1848. 3 volumes.

METTERNICH, Prince. Memoirs [1773-1835]; translated by Mrs. Napier. London: Bentley & Son. 1880. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.

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MITCHELL, Lieutenant-Colonel J. Life of Wallenstein. London: Jas. Fraser. 1837.

MOLTKE, HELMUTH, Graf von. Gesammelte Schriften und Denkwürdigkeiten. Berlin. 1891-2. 7 volumes.

Essays, speeches and memoirs; translated from the German. New York; Harper & Bros. 1893.

MORRIS, WILLIAM O'CONNOR. Moltke: a biographical and critical study. London; Ward & Downey. 1894.

MÜLLER, W. Field Marshal Count Moltke, 1800-1878; translated from the German. London: Sonnenschein & Co. 1870.

NIEBUHR, B. G. Lebensnachrichten über N. Herausg. von D. Hensler. Hamburg. 1838-9. 3 volumes.

ONCKEN, W. Das Zeitalter der Revolution, des Kaiserreiches und der Befreiungskriege. Berlin. 1881-87. 2 volumes.

Das Zeitalter des Kaisers Wilhelm. Berlin. 1890-02. 2 volumes.

Both in Oncken, Allg-geschichte in Einzeldarstellungen.

RANKE, LEOPOLD VON. Ferdinand I. and Maximilian II. of Austria; translated by Lady Duff Gordon. London: Longmans. 1862.

An essay on the State of Germany immediately after the Reformation.

Geschichte Wallensteins. 4 auf. Leipzig. 1880.

History of the Latin and Teutonic nations, 1494-1514; translated by Philip A. Ashworth. London: George Bell & Sons. 1887.

History of the reformation in Germany; translated by Sarah Austin. London: Longman. 1845-7. 3 volumes.

Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg and history of Prussia during the 17th and 18th centuries; translated by Sir A. and Lady Duff Gordon. London: J. Murray. 1849. 3 volumes.

Weltgeschichte, herausg. von A. Dove u. G. Winter. Leipzig. 1886-8. 9 volumes.

Extends to 15th century.

SCHACK, A. F. Graf von. Ein halbes Jahrhundert Lebenserinnerungen. Stuttgart. 1880.

SCHERER, W. Geschichte der Deutschen Literatur. Berlin. 1891.

SCHILLER, FREDERICK. History of the Thirty Years' War; [also] History of the revolt of the Netherlands to the confederacy of the Gueux; translated from the German. London: H. G. Bohn.

SEELEY, J. R. Life and times of Stein, or Germany and Prussia in the Napoleonic age. Cambridge: University Press. 1878. 3 volumes.

The only full, clear, broadly studied account that we have in the English language of the remarkable work of national development, by education and organization, that was begun in Prussia after her prostration by Napoleon, and which made her the nucleus of the Germanic consolidation that has taken place in our own time.

SÉGUR, L. P. History of the reign of Frederic William II., King of Prussia; translated from the French. London: Longmans. 1801. 3 volumes.

SIME, JAMES. History of Germany. London: Macmillan & Co. New York: H. Holt & Co. 1874.

An excellent brief sketch of German history by one who had been gathering material, during many years, for a larger work, but who died recently without fulfilling his purpose.

SIMON, E. Histoire du Prince de Bismarck (1847-1887). Paris. 1887.

L'empereur Guillaume et son règne. Paris. 1886.

L'empereur Frederic. Paris. 1888.

L'empereur Guillaume II et la première année de son règne. Paris. 1880.

Emperor William and his reign; translated from the French. London: Remington & Co. 1886. 2 volumes.

SMITH, THOMAS. Arminius: a history of the German people and of their customs from the days of Julius Cæsar to the time of Charlemagne. London: J. Blackwood & Co. 1861.

STILES, WILLIAM. H. Austria in 1848-49. New York: Harper & Bros. 1852-3. 2 volumes.

STOCKMAR, FRH. v. Denkwürdigkeiten. Braunschweig. 1872.

STOFFEL, Colonel Baron. Military reports addressed to the French war minister, 1800-70: translated at the [English] war office, by Captain Home. London: 1873.

These are the reports on the organization and efficiency of the Prussian army which might have deterred France from her insane declaration of war in 1870, and saved her from her great humiliation, it Napoleon III. and his reckless ministers had given attention to them.

STRAUSS, G. L. M. Men who have made the new German empire. London: Tinsley Bros. 1875. 2 volumes.

SYBEL, HEINRICH VON. The founding of the German empire, by William I.; translated by M. L. Perrin. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co. 1890—4. 5 volumes.

SZABAD, EMERIC. Hungary, past and present. Edinburg: A. & C. Black. 1854.

TAYLOR, BAYARD. School history of Germany. New York: Appleton & Co. 1874.

A compilation from David Müller's "History of the German People" more condensed than that of Charlton T. Lewis.

TESTA, GIOVANNI B. History of the war of Frederick I. against the communes of Lombardy. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1877.

TREITSCHKE, H. v. Deutsche Geschichte im 19 Jahrhundert. Leipzig. 1870-95. 5 volumes.

Extends as yet to 1847.

TRENCH, RICHARD C. Gustavus Adolphus in Germany. 2d edition. London: Macmillan & Co. 1872.

Lectures, two only of which were published in 1865.

TURNER, SAMUEL EPES. Sketch of the Germanic constitution from early times to the dissolution of the empire. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1898.

TUTTLE, HERBERT. Brief biographies: German political leaders. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1876.

Prince Bismarck; Dr. Falk; President Delbrück; Herr Camphausen; Prince Hohenlohe; Count von Arnim; Herr von Bennigsen; Dr. Simson; Herr Lasker; Herr Windthorst; Dr. Lewe; Herr Schulze-Delitzsche; Herr Jacoby; Herr Hasselmann; Herr Sonnemann; Professors Gneist, Virchow, Treitschke, and Von Sybel.

History of Prussia to the accession of Frederick the Great, 1134-1740. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1864.

History of Prussia Under Frederick the Great, 1740-1756. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1888. 2 volumes.

In the preface to these last two volumes of his work, which he did not live to complete, Professor Tuttle remarked: "The great name of Carlyle is associated so commandingly with the reign of Frederic the Great that any other writer, who ventures to treat the same subject, is bound to make good in advance his claim to a hearing. … But my own faith was shaken when during a residence of several years in Berlin I discovered how inadequate was Carlyle's account, and probably also his knowledge, of the working system of the Prussian government in the last century,—a system which it is absolutely necessary to understand if one desires to know as well why Frederic was able to accomplish what he did, as why his successors failed to accomplish what they undertook.

VÁMBÉRY, ARMINIUS, and LOUIS HEILPRIN. The story of Hungary. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1886. London: T. F. Unwin.

In the series entitled "Story of the Nations."

VARNHAGEN v. ENSE, K. A. Denkwürdigkeiten und vermischten Schriften. Leipzig. 1871. 3 volumes.

VICKERS, ROBERT H. History of Bohemia. Chicago: C. H. Sergel & Co. 1894.

VOIGT, J. Geschichte des Deutschen Ritterordens. Berlin. 1857-59. 2 volumes.

VOSS, Gräfin von. Neunundsechzig Jahre am preussischen Hofe. 5 auf. Leipzig. 1887.

WEINHOLD, K. Die Deutschen Frauen in dem mittelalter. Wien. 1882. 2 volumes.

WHITMAN, SIDNEY. The realm of the Habsburgs. London: William Heinemann. 1893.

WILLIAMS. W. K. The Communes of Lombardy from the 6th to the 10th century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. 1891.

WINTER, G. Geschichte des dreissigjährigen Krieges. Berlin. 1893.

Theil von Oncken, Allgem. gesch.

ZIMMERMANN, Dr. William. A popular history of Germany; translated by H. Craig. New York: H. J. Johnson. 1877. 4 volumes.

A much better history than its form of publication might lead one to suppose.

ZIMMERN, HELEN. The Hansa towns. London: T. F. Unwin. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1889.

In the series entitled "Story of the Nations."

FRANCE: GENERAL.

BINGHAM, D. The Bastille. London: Chapman & Hall. 1888. 2 volumes.

CHAVANNE, DARESTE DE LA. Histoire de France. Paris. 1868-73. 8 volumes.

CREIGHTON, LOUISE. First history of France. London and New York: Longmans. 1893.

DURUY, VICTOR. History of France: abridged and translated by Mrs. Carey [to 1889]. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co.

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JERVIS, W. H. The Gallican Church. London: John Murray. 1872. 2 volumes.

KITCHIN, G. W. History of France [to 1793]. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 3 volumes.

The best general history of France that one can now find in English.

LACOMBE, PAUL. The growth of a people; translated from the French. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1883.

MARTIN, HENRI. Histoire de France. Paris: Furne, Jouvet et Cie. 26 volumes.

MICHELET, JULES. Histoire de France. Paris: C. Marpon et E. Flammarion. 1879. 19 volumes.

Extends to 1789.

History of France [to 1483], translated from the French. London: Whittaker. 2 volumes. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 2 volumes.

MONOD, G. Bibliographie de l'histoire de France. Paris: Hachette. 1888.

Contains 4542 titles.

Les maîtres de l'histoire: Renan, Taine, Michelet. Paris: Calmann-Lévy. 1894.

RAMBAUD. Histoire de la civilization française. Paris: Colin. 1885-87. 2 volumes.

Full of new facts and views.

SOREL, A. Lectures historiques. Paris: Plon. 1894.

Covers 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries; is highly praised.

STEPHEN, Sir JAMES. Lectures on the history of France. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1851. New York: Harper & Bros. 2 volumes.

"The lectures giving most important presentations are those in which the parliaments and States-general are described." C. K. Adams, Manual of Historical literature, 3d edition, page 383.

FRANCE: TO THE REVOLUTION.

ARMSTRONG, E. The French wars of religion; their political aspects. London: Percival & Co. 1892.

AUMALE, Due d'. History of the princes de Condé, 16th and 17th centuries; translated by R. B. Borthwick. London: Richard Bentley & Sons. 2 volumes.

BAIRD, HENRY M. History of the rise of the Huguenots of France. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1879. 2 volumes. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 2 volumes.

The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1886. 2 volumes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co. 2 volumes.

BEAUCOURT, G. DU FRESNE DE. Histoire de Charles VII. Paris: Alphonse Picard. 1891. 6 volumes.

Work crowned by the Academy.

BÉMONT, C., et G. MONOD. Histoire de l'Europe et en particulier de France de 395 à 1270. Paris: F. Alcan. 1891.

The best summary of the period.

BESANT, WALTER. Gaspard de Coligny. London: Marcus Ward & Co. 1879.

BROC, Vicomte de. La France sous l'ancien regîme. Paris: Plon. 1887-89. 2 volumes.

BROGLIE, Duc de. Frederic II et. Louis XV. Paris. 1885. 2 volumes.

Collected articles from the "Revue des deux mondes."

CANET. Jeanne d'Arc. Lille: Desclee. 1887.

CARRÉ, H. La France sous Louis XV.

An interesting study.

CHANTELAUZE, R. Portraits historiques [De Commynes, Condé, Mazarin, etc.]. Paris. 1886.

CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH, Princess Palatine. Life and letters, 1652-1672. London: Chapman & Hall. 1889.

CLERMONT, LOUIS DE. Un mignon de la cour de Henri III. Paris. 1885.

The life of a rascally but attractive governor of Anjou: "le brave Bussy."

COIGNET, Madame C. François I. Paris: Plon. 1885.

COMBES, F. Madame de Sevigne, historien. Paris. 1885.

COMINES, PHILIP DE. Memoirs [Louis XI. and Charles VIII.] London: George Bell & Sons (Bohn). 2 volumes.

COSNAC, JULES, Comte de. Mazarin et Colbert. Paris: Plon. 1892. 2 volumes.

Souvenirs du règne de Louis XIV. Paris. 1874-81. 8 volumes.

COSTELLO, LOUISA S. Jacques Cœur: the French Argonaut and his times. London: R. Bentley & Co. 1847.

DECRUE, FRANCIS. Anne de Montmorency, grand maître et grand connetable de France. Paris: Plon. 1885.

FERRIÈRE, HECTOR DE LA. La Saint-Barthélmy. Paris: Calmann-Lévy. 1892.

GEFFROY, A. Madame de Maintenon d'aprés sa correspondance authentique. Paris: Hachette. 1887.

GODWIN, PARKE. History of France: Ancient Gaul. New York: Harper & Bros. 1860.

HANOTAUX, GABRIEL. Études historiques sur Ie XVI et XVII siècle en France. Paris: Hachette. 1886.

Essays on Francis I;, Catherine de Medicis, etc.

Histoire du cardinal de Richelieu: La jeunesse de Richelieu, 1585-1614. Paris. 1893.

HOZIER, Captain H. M. Turenne. London: Chapman & Hall. 1885.

JAMISON, D. F. Life and times of Bertrand du Guesclin; a history of the 14th century. London: Trübner & Co. 1864. 2 volumes.

JOINVILLE, Sire de. Saint Louis, king of France [1254-1317]; translated by J. Hutton. London: Low, Marston & Co.

LARCHEY, LOREDAN. History of Bayard; compiled by The Loyal Serviteur; translated from the French. London: Chapman & Hall. 1883.

LECESTRES, L. Memoires de gourville. Paris. 1894.

Published by La société de l'histoire de France. Covers period from 1646-1697, and is most curious.

LEMONNIER. L'art français au temps de Richelieu et de Mazarin. Paris: Hachette. 1893.

A study of art in connection with history.

LUCE, SIMÉON. La France pendant la guerre de cent ans. Paris. 1890.

Public and private life in 14th and 15th centuries.

Jeanne D'Arc à Domremy; recherches critiques sur les origines de la mission de la Pucelle. Paris: H. Champion. 1886.

LUCHAIRE, ACHILLE. Les communes françaises à l'époque des Capétiens directs. Paris: Hachette et Cie. 1890.

MARTIN, HENRY. History of France: age of Louis XIV.; translated by Mrs. Booth. Boston: Walker, Wise & Co. 2 volumes.

MERLE D'AUBIGNE, J. H. History of the reformation in the time of Calvin: translated from the French. London: Longmans. New York: Robert Carter & Bros. 8 volumes.

MONTPENSIER, M'lle de. Memoirs [1627-1683]; translated from the French. London: Henry Colburn. 3 volumes.

MORRISON, J. COTTER. Madame de Maintenon: an étude. London: Field & Tuer.

PARIS, PAULIN. Études sur François I. Paris: Leon Téchener. 1885. 2 volumes.

PERKINS, JAMES BRECK. France under Mazarin. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1886. 2 volumes.

"About a third of the work is given to Richelieu; about a third (six chapters out of twenty) to the Fronds; and three chapters at the end are of a general nature, upon the administration, society, and religion. The reader lays aside the book with a higher estimate of Mazarin's ability and character. The style is for the most part excellent— serious and perspicuous in discussion and in the delineation of character, animated in narration." The Nation, September 9, 1886.

France under the regency. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1892. London: Macmillan & Co.

PERRY, WALTER C. The Franks. London:. Longmans, Green & Co. 1857.

RANKE, LEOPOLD VON. Civil wars and monarchy in France, 16th-17th centuries: translated by M. A. Garvey. London: Richard Bentley & Son. 1852. New York: Harper & Bros.

RETZ, Cardinal de. Memoirs [1614-1655]; translated from the French. 3 volumes.

ROBINSON, A. MARY F. (Madame Darmesteter). Margaret of Angoulême, Queen of Navarre. London: W. H. Allen & Co. 1886.

SAINT-SIMON, Duc de. Mémoires, p. p. de Boislisle. Paris: Hachette. 10 volumes.

The edition published in the collection entitled "Grands Ecrivains de France."

Memoirs on the reign of Louis XIV. and the regency [1692-1723]. Abridged from the French by Bayle St. John. London: Chapman & Hall. 1857. 4 volumes.

SEPET, MARIUS. Jeanne d'Arc. Tours: Alfred Marne. 1891.

SMILES, SAMUEL. The Huguenots. London: John Murray: 1867. New York: Harper & Bros.

TAINE, H. A. The ancient regime; translated from the French. New York: H. Holt & Co. 1876.

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THIERRY, AUGUSTIN. Formation and progress of the tiers état in France; translated. London: T. Bosworth. 1855. 2 volumes.

THIERS, ADOLPHE. The Mississippi Bubble; a memoir of John Law. New York: W. A. Townsend & Co. 1859.

WEILL, G. Saint-Simon et ses oeuvres. Paris: Perrin. 1894.

WILLERT, P. F. Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots in France. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; 1893.

In the series entitled "Heroes of the Nations."

FRANCE: THE REVOLUTION AND AFTER.

ABRANTES, Duchess d' (Madame Junot). Memoirs of Napoleon, court and family; translated from the French. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 2 volumes.

ADAMS, CHARLES K. Democracy and monarchy in France. New York: H. Holt & Co. 1874.

ALGER, JOHN G. Glimpses of the French Revolution; myths, ideals and realities. London: S. Low, Marston & Co. 1894.

BARANTE, CLAUDE DE. Souvenirs du Baron de Barante. Paris: Calmann-Lévy. 1893-4. 4 volumes.

Correspondence with Chateaubriand, Guizat, M. de Rémusat, etc.

BERTIN, ERNEST. La société du Consulat et de l'Empire. Paris. 1890.

A work brilliant and distinguished in its style.

BERTRAND, P. Lettres inédites de Talleyrand à Napoleon. Paris: Perrin. 1889.

BLANC, LOUIS. History of ten years, 1830-1840; translated by W. K. Kelly. London: Chapman & Hall. 1845. 2 volumes. Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard. 2 volumes.

BLENNERHASSET, Lady. Talleyrand; translated from the German. London: J. Murray. 1894. 2 volumes.

BOURRIENNE, FAUVELET DE. Private memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte; [translated from the French]. London: Henry Colburn & R. Bentley. 4 volumes. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co. 4 volumes.

BRETTE, ARMAND. Serment du Jeu de Paume. Paris. 1894.

BROC, Vicomte de. La France pendant la revolution. Paris: Plon. 2 volumes.

A work crowned by the Academy.

BROWNING, OSCAR. Modern France, 1814-1879. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1880. New York: Harper & Bros.

BURKE, EDMUND. Reflections on the Revolution in France; edited, with notes, by F. G. Selby. London: Macmillan & Co. 1890.

CARLYLE, THOMAS. The French revolution. London: Chapman & Hall. 3 volumes.

"The great name of Carlyle has made men wary of seeming to tread in his path, and the mass of English readers are therefore left in ignorance of the many points in which he erred, not wilfully, but from the scantiness of the information at his disposal." H. Morse Stephens, Preface to "History of the French Revolution."

CAVAIGNAC, Madame. Memoires d'une inconnue. Paris: Plon. 1894.

Manners and customs at beginning of century.

CLARETIE, JULES. Camille Desmoulins and his wife. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

CLÉRY, J. B. C. H. Journal at the Temple during confinement of Louis XVI. London. 1798.

CROKER, JOHN W. Essays on the early period of the French revolution. London: John Murray. 1857.

DICKINSON, G. LOWES. Revolution and reaction in modern France. London: George Allen. 1892.

DUMONT, ETIENNE. Recollections of Mirabeau; [translated from the French]. Philadelphia: Carey & Lea.

FAURIEL, CLAUDE. The last days of the consulate; edited by Lalanne. London: Low, Marston & Co. 1885.

FLERS, DE: Le comte de Paris. Paris: Perrin. 1887.

FOURNIER, Dr. A. Napoleon I. Leipzig: Freytag. 1888-9.

FRANCO-GERMAN WAR, 1870-1871; translated from the German official account. London. 1874-84. 5 volumes.

GARDINER, BERTHA M. The French revolution. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1882.

A sketch condensed to the last degree, and yet not lifeless, nor without suggestions of meaning and relation in the events narrated.

GAUTIER. HIPPOLYTE. L'an 1789. Paris: Delagrave. 1889.

GORCE, PIERRE DE LA. Histoire de la séconde république française. Paris: Plon. 1887. 2 volumes.

HAUSSONVILLE, Vicomte d'. The Salon of Madame Necker; translated by H. M. Trollope. London: Chapman & Hall. 1882.

HAZLITT, WILLIAM. Life of Napoleon. London: 4 volumes.

HOLST, HERMANN VON. The French Revolution tested by Mirabeau's career; lectures at the Lowell Institute. Chicago: Callaghan & Co. 1894.

HOOPER, GEORGE. Campaign of Sedan. London: George Bell & Sons. 1887.

HOZIER, Captain H. M., editor. The Franco-Prussian War. London: W. Mackenzie. 2 volumes.

HUGO, VICTOR. The history of a crime; [translated from the French]. London: Low, Marston & Co. 1877-1879. 4 volumes.

JERVIS, W. H. The Gallican church and the revolution. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co. 1882.

JOMINI, Baron H. DE. Life of Napoleon; translated by H. W. Halleck. New York: D. Van Nostrand. 4 volumes.

Of value, no doubt, to military students, but absurdly written as though narrated by Napoleon in the other world to a ghostly audience of the great warriors of the past.

LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE DE. History of the Girondists. London: George Bell & Sons (Bohn). New York: Harper & Bros. 3 volumes.

LANFREY, P. History of Napoleon I. [translated from the French]. London: Macmillan & Co. 1871-9. 4 volumes.

A review of the career of Napoleon by a stern judge, but one who is generally just. The author died before his work was finished.

LA ROCHEJAQUELEIN, Marchioness de. Memoirs [1792-1802]; translated from the French. Edinburgh: Constable & Co. (1827).

LA ROCHETERIE, MAXIME DE. Life of Marie Antoinette; translated from the French. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 1893.

LATIMER, ELIZABETH W. France in the nineteenth century, 1830-1890. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. 1892.

A useful compilation of recent French history.

LEVY, ARTHUR. The private life of Napoleon, from the French. London: R. Bentley & Son. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.

LEWES, GEORGE H. Life of Robespierre. London: Chapman & Hall. Philadelphia: Carey & Hart. 1849.

LISSAGARAY, P. O. History of the commune of 1871; translated by E. M. Aveling. London: Reeves & Turner. 1886.

LOCKWOOD, HENRY C. Constitutional history of France, 1789-1889. Chicago: Rand, McNally & Co. 1890.

LOMÉNIE, LOUIS DE. Beaumarchais and his times; translated by H. S. Edwards. London: Addey & Co. 1856. 4 volumes. New York: Harper & Bros.

LOWELL, EDWARD J. The eve of the French-revolution. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1892.

In Mr. Lowell's view, the year 1789 is a date which "marks the outbreak in legislation and politics of ideas which had already been working for a century, and which have changed the face of the civilized world." His book is a thoughtful study of those ideas in their rise and development.

MACDONALD, Marshal. Recollections; translated from the French. London: R. Bentley & Son. 1892. 2 volumes.

MACDONELL, JAMES. France since the first empire. London: Macmillan & Co. 1879.

MAHAN, Captain ALFRED T. The influence of sea power upon the French revolution and Empire. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1892. 2 volumes.

A book which has produced a new conception of the importance of naval power in history.

MARBOT, Baron de. Memoirs [1793-1814]; translated by A. J. Butler. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1892. 2 volumes.

"It is as the vivacious exponent of the spirit of the Grande Armée that he possesses the most serious interest for the historical student. Others have chronicled the deeds of that army, others have contributed to its anecdotic history, others have surpassed him in the skilful narration of its military achievements; but no one except Marbot has so unwittingly but so truly revealed its spirit in all its heroism and its weakness." H. M. Stephens, Review (Academy, May 21, 1892).

MARCEAU, SERGENT. Reminiscences of a regicide [1751-1847]; edited by M. C. M. Simpson. London: Chapman & Hall. 1889.

MARIE LOUISE [wife of Napoleon]. Correspondance. Paris: Klinckzieck. 1887.

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MARZIALS, FRANK T. Life of Leon Gambetta. London: Allen & Co. 1890.

MAULDE-LA-CLAVIÈRE, R; DE. Les origines de la revolution française. Paris: Leroux. 1889.

MÉNEVAL, Baron de. Memoirs illustrating the history of Napoleon I., from 1802 to 1815; translated from the French. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1894.

MÉZIÈRES, A. Vie de Mirabeau. Paris: Hachette. 1892.

MIGNET, FRANÇOIS A. M. History of the French revolution, 1789-1814; translated from the French. London: George Bell & Sons.

MITCHELL, Lieutenant-Colonel J. The fall Of Napoleon. London: G. W. Nickisson. 1845. 3 volumes.

MOLTKE, Count von. Franco-German war of 1870-1871. London: Osgood, McIlvaine & Co. 1891. 2 volumes. New York: Harper & Bros.

MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR. Diary and letters [1788-1794]; edited by A. C. Morris. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1888. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co. 2 volumes.

Gouverneur Morris succeeded Jefferson as American Minister to Franca in 1792; but he had been in France most of the time since 1789, and he remained until 1794. His diary of the events of those terrible years is the most valuable record that has come down from them.

NAPIER, Lieutenant-General. Sir William. F. P. History of the war in the Peninsula. 1807-1814. London: G. Routledge & Sons. 6 volumes.

NAPOLEON I. Oeuvres litteraires. Tancrède Martel. Paris: 1888. 4 volumes.

Contains letters, memoirs, etc.

NOLHAC, DE. Marie Antoinette. Paris: Alph. Lemerre. 1892.

PALLAIN, G. Correspondance diplomatique de Talleyrand. Paris: Plon. 1891.

PASQUIER, ETIENNE DENIS, Duc. History of my time: memoirs; translated from the French, New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1893-4. volumes 1-2.

The Chancellor Pasquier was an observer and a prominent actor in events during the whole period of, the Revolution, the Consulate and the Empire.

PONCHALON, HENRI DE. Souvenirs de guerre. Paris. 1893.

Written by a colonel who fought at Sedan.

PRESSENSÉ, EDMOND DE. Religion and the reign of terror; translated by J. P. Lacroix. New York: Carlton & Lanahan.

RÉMUSAT, Madame de. Memoirs, 1802-1808; translated by Mrs. Hoey and J. Lillie. London: Low, Marston & Co. 2 volumes. New York: D. Appleton & Co; 3 volumes.

RÉMUSAT, PAUL DE. Thiers; translated from the French. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. 1889.

ROCHECHOUART, DE. Souvenirs sur la revolution, l'empire et la restauration. p. p. son fils. Paris. 1889.

ROCQUAIN, FELIX. The revolutionary spirit preceding the French revolution; translated by J. D. Hunting; with introduction by Professor Huxley. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. 1891. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.

A work warmly commended by Mr. Lecky, as well as by Professor Huxley.

ROLAND, Madame M. J. P. An appeal to impartial posterity; translated from the French. London: J. Johnson. 2 volumes.

ROPES, JOHN CODMAN. The campaign of Waterloo; a military history. 2d edition. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1893.

ROSE, J. H. The Revolutionary and Napoleonic era, 1789-1815. Cambridge: University Press. New York: Macmillan & Co. 1894.

In the "Cambridge Historical Series."

SAY, LÉON. Turgot; translated by M. B. Anderson. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.

SEELEY, JOHN R. Short history of Napoleon the First. Boston: Roberts Bros. 1886.

An excellent sketch of the career of Napoleon, written with severity but righteousness of judgment.

SEPET, MARIUS. Napoléon. Paris. Perrin. 1894.

SIMON, JULES. The government of M. Thiers, 1871-1873; translated from the French. London: Low, Marston & Co. 1879. 2 volumes. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 2 volumes.

SOREL, ALBERT. L'Europe et la révolution française. Paris: Plon. 1892. 4 volumes.

STAEL-HOLSTEIN, Madame de. Considerations on the French revolution; translated from the French. 2 volumes.

STEPHENS, H. MORSE. History of the French revolution. London: Rivingtons. New York: C. Scribner' Sons. 1886. volumes 1-2.

editor. Principal speeches of the statesmen and orators of the French revolution. 1789-1795. Oxford: Clarendon Press. New York: Macmillan & Co. 1892. 2 volumes.

In the two volumes which have appeared, Mr. Stephens has fully justified his undertaking to write a history of the French Revolution based on the abundant new material that has come to light since Thiers, Carlyle Sybel, Michelet and Mignet wrote.

SYBEL, HEINRICH VON. History of the French revolution: translated from the German by W. C. Perry, London: John Murray. 4 volumes.

A philosophical study of the Revolution especially in its relations to European politics.

TAINE, HIPPOLYTE A. The French revolution; translated by J. Durand. London: Low, Marston & Co. 2 volumes. New York: H. Holt & Co. 3 volumes.

The modern regime; translated by J. Durand; volume 1. New York: H. Holt & Co. 1890. London: Low, Marston & Co. 2 volumes.

TALLEYRAND; Prince de. Memoirs; translated by R. L. de Beaufort. London: Griffith, Farran & Co. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1891. 5 volumes.

These memoirs, long waited for, were a disappointment when they appeared, containing little that was not well understood before.

TÉNOT, EUGENE. Paris in December, 1851: the coup d' état; translated from the 13th French edition. New York: Hurd & Houghton.

THIERS, LOUIS ADOLPHE. History of the French revolution; translated by F. Shoberl. London: R. Bentley & Son. 5 volumes. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 4 volumes.

History of the consulate and the empire of France under Napoleon; translated from the French. London: G. Bell & Sons (Bohn). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 5 volumes.

The histories of M. Thiers have been losing their early reputation under criticisms which challenge their accuracy and question their spirit. He wrote as a champion of the Revolution and an admirer of the "glory" of the Napoleonic period,—not always in the temper of a scrupulous historian.

THOUVENEL. Episode d' histoire contemporaine. Paris: Calmann-Lévy. 1893.

THUREAU-DANGIN. Historie de la monarchie de Juillet. Paris: Plon. 7 volumes.

Twice crowned by the Academy.

TOCQUEVILLE, ALEXIS DE. On the state of society in France before 1789; translated by H. Reeve. London: John Murray. 1856.

Souvenirs. Paris: Calmann-Lévy. 1893.

TUCKERMAN, BAYARD. Life of Lafayette. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 1889. 2 volumes. London: Low, Marston & Co.

VÉSINIER, P. History of the commune of Paris; translated by J. V. Weber. London: Chapman & Hall. 1872.

VYRÉ, F. DE. Marie Antoinette, sa vie, sa mort. Paris: Plon. 1889.

WASHBURNE, ELIHU B. Recollections of a minister to France, 1869-1877. London: Low, Marston & Co. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1887. 2 volumes.

YOUNG, ARTHUR. Travels in France 1787-1789; edited by M. B. Edwards. London; G. Bell & Sons. 1889. 2 volumes.

ITALY.

Works in the Italian language were selected for this list by Mr. William Roscoe Thayer, author of "The Dawn of Italian Independence."

ARRIVABENE, Count CHARLES. Italy under Victor Emmanuel. London: Hurst & Blackett. 1862. 2 volumes.

BALBO, C. Storia d'Italia [476-1848].

BENT, J. T. Genoa. London: C. K. Paul & Co. 1881.

BERSEZIO, V. Regno di Vittorio Emanuele II. 1878. 4 volumes.

BONGHI, R. Vita di Valentino Pasini.

BOSSI. Istoria d'Italia. 1819.

BOTTA, C. Storia dei popoli italiani [300-1789].

BROWN, HORATIO F. Venice; an historical sketch of the republic. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1893.

BROWNING, OSCAR. Guelphs and Ghibellines; a short history of mediæval Italy, 1250-1409. London: Methuen & Co. 1893.

BURCKHARDT, JACOB. The civilization of the period of the Renaissance in Italy; translated from the German. London: C. K. Paul & Co. 1878. 2 volumes.

CANTU, C. Cronistoria dell' Indipendenza Italiana. Gli eretici d'Italia.

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CAVOUR, C. Lettere edite ed inedite. 1887. 6 volumes.

CESARESCO, Countess EVELYN M. The liberation of Italy, 1815-1870. London: Seeley & Co. 1894.

DENINA, C. Rivoluzioni d'Italia. 3 volumes.

FARINI, L. C. La stato Romano.

GALLENGA, ANTONIO. History of Piedmont. London: Chapman & Hall. 1855. 3 volumes.

GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE. Autobiography; translated by A. Werner. London: W. Smith & Innes. 1889. 3 volumes.

GIANNONE, P. Istoria civile del regno di Napoli. 1873.

GIESEBRECHT, F. G. B. VON. Geschichte der Deutschen Kaiserzeit.

GODKIN, G. S. Life of Victor Emmanuel II., first King of Italy. London: Macmillan & Co. 1879. 2 volumes.

GUALTEIRO, F. A. Gli ultimi Revolgimenti italiani.

GUICCIARDINI, F. Storia florentina.

HUNT, WILLIAM. History of Italy. London: Macmillan & Co. 1873. New York: H. Holt & Co.

A sketch of Italian history in "Freeman's Historical Course for Schools."

LA FARINA, G. Storia d' Italia dal 1789.

LANGE. Geschichte der Römischen Kirche.

MACHIAVELLI, NICCOLO. Historical, political and diplomatic writings; translated by C. E. Detmold. Boston: Osgood & Co. 1882. 3 volumes.

Life of Machiavelli. History of Florence. The Prince. Discourses on Livius. Thoughts of a statesman. Missions. Miscellaneous.

MARRIOTT, J. A. R. The makers of modern Italy: Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi. London: Macmillan & Co. 1889.

MARTIN, H. Vie de D. Manin.

MAZADE, CHARLES DE. Life of Count Cavour; translated from the Italian. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1877.

MURATORI, L. A. Annali d' Italia dal principio dell' êra volgare sino al 1750. Milano: 1818. 18 volumes.

NAPIER, HENRY E. Florentine history. London: E. Moxon. 1846. 6 volumes.

OLIPHANT, Mrs. M. O. W. The Makers of Florence. London: Macmillan & Co. 1877.

PERRENS, F. T. History of Florence, from the domination of the Medici to the fall of the republic; translated from the French. London: Methuen & Co. 1892.

PROBYN, J. W. Italy from the fall of Napoleon I., in 1815, to 1890. London: Cassell & Co. 1891.

QUINET, E. Révolutions d' Italie (1852).

RAUMER, FRIEDRICH L. G. YON. Geschichte der Hohenstaufen.

REUCHLIN. Geschichte Italiens.

REUMONT, ALFRED VON. Historie de Florence. Lorenzo de' Medici, the Magnificent; translated from the German. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1876. 2 volumes.

ROBERTSON, ALEXANDER. Fra Paoli Sarpi, the greatest of the Venetians; London: S. Low, Marston & Co. 1894.

ROCQUAIN. La Papauté an moyen âge.

ROMANIN, S. Storia documentata di Venezia. 1853.

ROSCOE, WILLIAM. Life and pontificate of Leo X. London: H. G. Bohn. 2 volumes.

Life of Lorenzo de' Medici, called the Magnificent. London: H. G. Bohn.

SCHIRRMACHER. Kaiser Friedrich II.

SISMONDI, J. C. L. DE. Les republiques italiennes. 1826.

History of the Italian Republics. London: Longmans. New York: Harper & Bros.

A greatly abridged translation at Sismondi's work.

SYMONDS, JOHN A. Renaissance in Italy. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1875-86. 7 volumes.

The Age of the Despots. The Revival of Learning. The Fine Arts. Italian Literature. The Catholic Reaction.

THAYER, WILLIAM ROSCOE. The dawn of Italian independence. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1893. 2 volumes.

A history of Italy from the Congress of Vienna, 1814, to the fall of Venice, 1849, which leaves nothing more to be desired for that important period.

TIRABOSCHI, G. Storia della letteratura italiana. 3d edition. Venezia: 1823-5. 27 volumes.

TROLLOPE, T. A. History of the Commonwealth of Florence. London: Chapman & Hall. 1865. 4 volumes.

TROYA, C. Italia nel medio-evo.

URQUHART, W. P. Life and times of Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood & Sons. 1852. 2 volumes.

VILLANI, G. M. e F. Cronaca.

VILLANI, P. Niccolò Machiavelli.

La storia di Girolamo Savonarola.

VILLARI, PASQUALE. History of Girolamo Savonarola and of his times; translated from the Italian. London: Longmans. 1863. 2 volumes.

Niccolo Machiavelli and his times; translated from the Italian. London: C. K. Paul & Co. 1878-83. 4 volumes.

The two first centuries of Florentine history. London: T. F. Unwin. 1894.

Ed. Storia politica, 476-1878. 8 volumes.

ZELLER, J. S. Abérge de l'historie d'Italie (476-1864).

OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.

BURKE, U. R. History of Spain. London and New York: Longmans. 1805.

CARLYLE, THOMAS. The early kings of Norway. New York: Harper & Bros. 1875.

COPPÉE, HENRY. History of the conquest of Spain by the Arab-Moors. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1881. 2 volumes.

CREASY, Sir EDWARD S. History of the Ottoman Turks; revised edition. London: R. Bentley & Son. 1877. New York: H. Holt & Co.

DAVIES, C. M. History of Holland to the end of the 18th century. London: J. W. Parker. 1841. 3 volumes.

DU CHAILLU, PAUL B. The Viking age. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1889. 2 volumes.

FINLAY, GEORGE. History of Greece; new edition, revised by H. F. Tozer. London: Macmillan & Co. 1877. 7 volumes.

"George Finlay, more perhaps than any other modern writer, belongs to the same class as these earlier historians who began a story of remote ages and carried it on into times and scenes in which they were themselves spectators and actors. … While Grote put forth volume after volume amid the general applause of scholars, Finlay toiled on at his thankless task, amid every form of neglect and discouragement, till he made a few here and there understand that there was a Roman Empire of the East. Full of faults his book is, in form, in matter, in temper; but it is a great work all the same." E. A. Freeman, Methods of Historical Study, pages 285-286.

FLETCHER, C. R. L. Gustavus Adolphus and the struggle of Protestantism for existence. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1890.

In the series entitled "Heroes of the Nations."

FREEMAN, EDWARD A. The Ottoman power in Europe. London: Macmillan & Co. 1877.

GEIJER, ERIC GUSTAVE. History of the Swedes, first part; translated from the Swedish. London: Whittaker & Co.

GRIFFIS, W. E. Brave little Holland, and what she has taught us. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1894.

HAMLEY, General Sir EDWARD. The war in the Crimea. London: Seeley & Co. 1891.

In the series entitled "Events of Our Own Time."

HUG, Mrs. LINA and R. STEAD. Switzerland. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. London: T. F. Unwin. 1890.

In the series entitled "The Story of the Nations."

KEARY, C. F. Norway and the Norwegians. London: Percival. 1892.

KINGLAKE, A. W. The invasion of the Crimea. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood & Sons. 1863-80. N. Y.: Harper & Bros. 6 volumes.