Part 2 — Chapter III. (These four articles abrogated by the four articles following them, 118-122.) Article 118. The Federal Constitution may at any time be amended. (continued 14)

GOODRICH, AARON. History of the character and achievements of the so-called Christopher Columbus. New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1874. https://archive.org/details/historyofcharact00good

LORGUES, ROSELLY DE. Life of Christopher Columbus, from Spanish and Italian documents; comp. from the French by J. J. Barry. Boston: P. Donahoe. 1870. https://archive.org/details/lifeofchristophe00rose

MACKIE, CHARLES PAUL. The last voyages of the Admiral of the Ocean Sea, as related by himself and his companions. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Company. 1892. https://archive.org/details/lastvoyagesadmi00paulgoog

MACKINTOSH, J. The discovery of America by Columbus and the origin of the North American Indians. Toronto. 1836. https://archive.org/details/discoveryameric00mcingoog

MARKHAM, CLEMENTS R. Life of Christopher Columbus. London: George Philip & Son. 1892. https://archive.org/details/cu31924020393413

MAURY, M. An examination of the claims of Columbus. (Harper's Magazines, 42: 425, 527. 1871.)

OBER, FREDERICK A. In the wake of Columbus; adventures of the special commissioner sent by the World's Columbian Exposition to the West Indies. Boston: D. Lothrop Company. 1893. https://archive.org/details/inwakecolumbusa00obergoog

SEELYE, ELIZABETH EGGLESTON. The story of Columbus; with introduction by Edward Eggleston. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1892. https://archive.org/details/storyofcolumbus00seel

SPALDING, J. L., Columbus, (Catholic World, 56: 1. 1892.)

TARDUCCI, FRANCESCO. The life of Christopher Columbus; translated from the Italian by H. F. Brownson. Detroit: H. F. Brownson. 1890. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/lifechriscolum01tardrich (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/lifechristopher00browgoog

WINSOR, JUSTIN. Christopher Columbus, and how he received and imparted the spirit of discovery. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. 1891. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.158654

Columbiana. (Nation, 52: 297. 1891.)

POST-COLUMBIAN DISCOVERIES.

ARBER, EDWARD. editor. The first three English books on America (?1511)-1555 A. D.; being chiefly translations, compilations, &c., by Richard Eden, from the writings of Pietro Martire, Sebastian Münster, Sebastian Cabot. Birmingham. 1885. https://archive.org/details/firstthreeenglis00arberich

ASHER, G. M., editor Henry Hudson the navigator: original documents in which his career is recorded. London: Hakluyt Society. 1860. https://archive.org/details/henryhudsonnavig27ashe

BIDDLE, RICHARD. Memoir of Sebastian Cabot. Philadelphia: Carey & Lea. 1831. https://archive.org/details/sebastiancabot00biddrich

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. America in the 16th century (bibliographical note in Bulletins, volume 3, pages 130-141).

Early English explorations in America (bibliographical note in Bulletins, volume 3, pages 241-244).

Early explorations in America (bibliographical note in Bulletins, volume 3, pages 103-100).

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BREVOORT, J. C. Verrazano the navigator [from report of the American Geographical Society of New York for 1873]. New York. 1874. https://archive.org/details/verrazanonavigator00brevrich

CHAMPLAIN, SAMUEL DE. Voyages (1603-1610): translated Charles P. Otis, [editor] with memoir by E. F. Slafter. Boston: Prince Society. 1878-82. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cihm_26911 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/voyagessamuelde00massgoog (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/voyagessamuelde00unkngoog

DE VRIES. D. P. Extracts from the voyages; translated from a Dutch ms. in the Philadelphia Library, by Dr. G. Troost. (Collections of the New York Historical Society., 2d series, volume 1. New York. 1841.)

Voyages from Holland to America, 1632-1644; translated by H. C. Murphy. (Collections of the New York Historical Society, 2d series, volume 3. New York. 1857.) https://archive.org/details/cu31924028729402/page/n25/mode/2up

FISKE, JOHN. The romance of the Spanish and French explorers. (Harper's Magazines, 64: 438. 1882.)

FORCE, M. F. Some observations on the letters of Amerigo Vespucci (1879). Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company 1885. https://archive.org/details/someobservation01forcgoog

HIGGINSON, THOMAS W. The old English seamen. (Harper's Mag., 66: 217. 1883)

The Spanish discoverers. (Harper's Magazine. 65: 729. 1882.)

HUDSON, HENRY. Divers voyages and northern discoveries. (Purchas his pilgrimes, volume 3. Collections of the New York Historical Society, volume 1. New York. 1811.)

JUET, ROBERT. Extract from the journal of the voyage of the Half-Moon, Henry Hudson, master, 1609. (Collections of the New York Historical Society, 2d series, volume 1. New York. 1841.) http://halfmoon.mus.ny.us/Juets-journal.pdf

KOHL, J. G. History of the discovery of Maine; with an appendix on the voyages of the Cabots. (Collections of the Maine Historical Society., 2d series, volume 1. Portland: 1869.) (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofdiscove00kohl

LESTER, C. EDWARDS, and A. FOSTER. Life and voyages of Americus Vespucius. New York: Baker & Scribner. 1846. https://archive.org/details/lifeandvoyages00lestrich/page/n3/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/lifevoyagesofame00lestiala https://archive.org/details/cu31924020421867

NICHOLLS, J. F. Remarkable life, adventures and discoveries of Sebastian Cabot. London: Sampson Low, Son & Marston. 1869. https://archive.org/details/remarkablelifead00nich

PARKMAN, FRANCIS. Pioneers of France in the New World. Boston: Little. Brown & Company. 1865. https://archive.org/details/pioneers_of_france_in_new_world_0908_librivox1

PAYNE, EDWARD JAMES. Voyages of the Elizabethan seamen to America; 13 original narratives from the collection of Hakluyt. London: Thomas de la Rue & Company. 1880. https://archive.org/details/voyagesofelizabe02hakluoft

READ, JOHN MEREDITH, Jr. Historical inquiry concerning Henry Hudson. Albany: J. Munsell. 1866. https://archive.org/details/historicalinquir00readuoft

SANTAREM, Viscount. Researches respecting Americus Vespucius and his voyages (1842); translated by E. V. Childe. Boston: C. C. Little & Jas. Brown. 1850. https://archive.org/details/researchesrespe02conggoog

STANLEY OF ALDERLEY. Lord. The first voyage round the world, by Magellan; translated from the accounts of Pigafetta and other contemporary writers; with documents, notes, etc. London: Hakluyt Society. 1874. https://archive.org/details/firstvoyageround00piga

TARDUCCI, FRANCESCO. John and Sebastian Cabot, biographical notice, with documents; translated from the Italian by Henry F. Brownson. Detroit: H. F. Brownson. 1893. https://archive.org/details/johnsebast00tardrich

TOWLE, GEORGE M. Magellan. Boston: Lee & Shepard. 1880. https://archive.org/details/magellan00towl/page/n5/mode/2up

VERRAZANO, JOHN DE. The relation of. (Collections of the New York Historical Society., volume 1. New York. 1811.)

The same: a new translation, by J. G. Cogswell. (Collections of the New York Historical Society, 2d series, volume 1. New York. 1841.)

Voyage, 1524. (Old South leaflets, general series, No. 17.) Boston: D. C. Heath & Company.

VESPUCCI, AMERIGO. Account of his first voyage; letter to Pier Soderini. (Old South leaflets, general series, No. 34.) Boston: D. C. Heath & Company.

The first four voyages; reprinted in facsimile and translated from the rare original edition. (1505-6). London: Bernard Quaritch. 1893.

https://archive.org/details/lettersofamerigo00vesp https://archive.org/details/lettersofamerigo00vesprich

VOYAGES OF THE CABOTS, THE. From Hakluyt's "Principal navigations." Boston: D. C. Heath & Company. (Old South leaflets, general series, No. 37.)

SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE CONQUEST AND OCCUPATION.

ANDAGOYA, PASCUAL DE. Narrative of the proceedings of Pedrarias Davila [1514-1541]; translated and edited by C. R. Markham. London: Hakluyt Society. 1865. https://archive.org/details/narrativeofproce00anda

BANDELIER, ADOLF F. A. Discovery of New Mexico [Cibola] by Fray Marcos of Nizza. (Magazine of Western History, 4: 659. 1886.)

BENZONI, GIROLAMO. History of the new world, shewing his travels in America, 1541-1556; translated and edited by W. H. Smyth. London: Hakluyt Society. 1857. https://archive.org/details/historynewworld00smytgoog/page/n10/mode/2up

BLACKMAR, FRANK W. Spanish Institutions of the southwest. Baltimore. 1801. (Johns Hopkins University studies in history and political science. Extra volume 10.) https://archive.org/details/spanishinstituti00blac

CHARLEVOIX, Father F. P. X. DE. History of Paraguay (1756); [translated from the French]. London: L. Davis. 1769. 2 volumes. (French) https://archive.org/details/histoireduparag04chargoog (English) https://books.google.com/books?id=40sIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

CHEVALIER, MICHEL. Mexico, ancient and modern; translated by T. Alpass. London: J. Maxwell & Company. 1864. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/gri_33125000251625/page/n3/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/mexicoancientan01alpagoog

CIEZA DE LEON, PEDRO DE. Travels, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first and second parts of his Chronicle of Peru (1553-): translated an edited by C. R. Markham. London: Hakluyt Society 1864-83. https://archive.org/details/travelsofpedrode33ciez/page/n31/mode/2up

CLAVIGERO, Abbé D. FRANCESCO SAVERIO. History of Mexico, collected from Spanish and Mexican historians, from MSS. and ancient paintings of the Indians; translated from the Italian by Charles Cullen. Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson. 1804. 3 volumes. https://archive.org/details/historyofmexicoc03clav

CORTEZ, HERNANDO. Despatches addressed to the emperor Charles V. during the conquest: translated from the Spanish, with introduction and notes by George Folsom. New York: Wiley & Putnam. 1843. https://archive.org/details/despatchesofhern0cort

DIAZ DEL CASTILLO, BERNAL. Memoirs, containing a true and full account of the discovery and conquest of Mexico and New Spain (1612): translated from the Spanish by John I. Lockhart. London: J. Hatchard & Son. 1844. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memoirsofconquis01dauoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memoirsconquist01lockgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.40349/page/n3/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/memoirsofconquis02di

DISCOVERY and conquest of Terra Florida, by Don Fernando de Solo; written by a gentleman of Elvas (1557), and translated out of Portuguese by Richard Hakluyt: edited by W. B. Rye. London: Hakluyt Society 1851. https://archive.org/details/discoveryandcon00haklgoog

FANCOURT, CHARLES. ST. J. History of Yucatan. London: J. Murray. 1854. https://archive.org/details/historyofyucatan00fanc

HELPS, Sir ARTHUR. Life of Hernando Cortes. London: Bell & Son. 1871. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/lifehernandocor00goog/page/n9/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.85399/page/ii/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/lifeofhernandoco01helpuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/lifeofhernandoco02helpuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.86033

Life of Las Casas. London: Bell & Son. 1868. https://archive.org/details/lifeoflascasasth00help/page/n7/mode/2up

Life of Pizarro. London: Bell & Son. 1869. https://archive.org/details/lifeofpizarrowit00help

The Spanish conquest In America. London: Parker & Son. (1855-61.) New York: Harper & Brothers. 1867. 4 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/spanishconquesti01helpuoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/spanishconquest00conggoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/spanishconquest06oppegoog (Volume 3) https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/agf7071.0003.001 (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/spanish_conquest_in_america_vol4/page/n3/mode/2up

IRVING, THEODORE. History of De Soto's conquest of Florida (1835). New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/conquestflorida01irvirich/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/conquestflorida01irvigoog

MARKHAM, CLEMENTS R. History of Peru, chapters 1-4. Chicago: C. H. Sergel & Co. 1892. https://archive.org/details/ahistoryperu01markgoog

Edited and translated. Reports on the discovery of Peru. London: Hakluyt Society 1872. https://archive.org/details/reportsondiscove04mark

MAYER, BRANTZ. Mexico, Aztec, Spanish and republican, book. 1. Hartford: S. Drake & Company. 1851. 2 volumes. https://books.google.com/books/about/Mexico_Aztec_Spanish_and_republican.html?id=4QNQAQAAIAAJ (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/mexicoaztecspan01mayegoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/mexicoaztecspani02maye

RESCOTT, WILLIAM H. History of the conquest of Mexico (1843); edited by J. F. Kirk. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/conquestofmexico01presrich (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/conquestmexico02presuoft (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyconmex03pres (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyofconques04pres

History of the conquest of Peru (1847); edited by J. F. Kirk. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofconques01presiala (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofconques02presiala (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofconques03presiala

RAYNAL, Abbé. A philosophical and political history of the settlements and trade of the Europeans in the east and west Indies (1770); translated from the French by J. O. Justamond. London. 1788. 8 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/philosophicalpol01rayn (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/philosophicalpol02rayn (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/philosophicalpol03rayn (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/philosophicalpol04rayn (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/philosophicalpol06rayn (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/philosophicalpol05rayn (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/philosophicalpol07rayn (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/philosophicalpol08rayn/

RIVERO, M. E., and TSCHUDI, J. J. VON. Peruvian antiquities: translated from the Spanish by F. L. Hawks. New York: G. P. Putnam & Company. 1853. https://archive.org/details/peruvianantiqui01tschgoog/page/n10/mode/2up

SIMPSON, J. H. Coronado's march in search of the "Seven cities of Cibola." Washington. 1871. https://archive.org/details/coronadosmarchin00simprich/page/n11/mode/2up

SOLIS, Don ANTONIO DE History of the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards (1684); translated from the Spanish by T. Townsend, revised and corrected by N. Hook. London: T. Woodward. 1738. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://books.google.com/books/about/The_History_of_the_Conquest_of_Mexico.html?id=ejQVAAAAQAAJ

SOUTHEY, ROBERT. History of Brazil, volume 1. London: Longman. 1810-19. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofbrazil01sout (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofbrazil02sout (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofbrazil03sout

SOUTHEY, THOMAS. Chronological history of the West Indies, volume 1. London: Longman. 1827. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/chronologicalhis01sout (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/chronologicalhis02sout (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/chronologicalhis03sout

TOWLE, GEORGE M. Pizarro. Boston: Lee & Shepard. 1879. https://archive.org/details/pizarrohisadvent00towlrich/page/n5/mode/2up

TYLOR, EDWARD B. Anahuac; or Mexico and the Mexicans, ancient and modern. London: Longman, Green & Company. 1861. https://archive.org/details/b24883360

WASHBURN, CHARLES A. History of Paraguay, chapters 1-4. Boston: Lee & Shepard. 1871. 2 volumes. (volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofparagua01washuoft/page/n3/mode/2up (volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofparagua02wash

WILSON, ROBERT A. A new history of the conquest of Mexico, in which Las Casas' denunciations of the popular historians of that war are vindicated. Philadelphia: Jas. Challen & Son. 1859. https://archive.org/details/anewhistoryconq00goog

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ENGLISH AND FRENCH COLONIZATION.

ACRELIUS, ISRAEL. History of New Sweden. (Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, volume 11. Philadelphia. 1876.) https://archive.org/details/historyofnewswed11acre https://archive.org/details/historyofnewswed00acre https://archive.org/details/cihm_12822/page/n5/mode/2up

ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS. Three episodes of Massachusetts history. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. 1892 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/threeepisodesofm01adamuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/threeepisodesofm02adam

BAYLIES, FRANCIS. Historical memoir of the colony of New Plymouth (1830). Boston: Wiggin & Lunt. 1866. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoir11bayl (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoir02bayl

BEVERLEY, ROBERT. History of Virginia (1705). Richmond: J. W. Randolph. 1855. https://archive.org/details/historyvirginia00campgoog

BOZMAN, JOHN LEEDS History of Maryland, 1633-1660. Baltimore: Lucas & Deaver. 1837 (introduction 1811.) Baltimore: John Murphy & Co. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofmarylan00bozm (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historymaryland02bozmgoog

BRADFORD, WILLIAM. History of Plymouth Plantation. (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 4th series, volume 3. Boston. 1856.) (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofplymout1162brad (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historymaryland02bozmgoog

BRIDGES, GEORGE W. Annals of Jamaica, volume 1. London: J. Murray. 1827. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/annalsofjamaica01briduoft (Volume 2 )https://archive.org/details/annalsjamaica05bridgoog

BRODHEAD, JOHN R., editor Documents relating to the colonial history of the state of New York. Albany. 1856-87. 14 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ01brod (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ02brod/page/n9/mode/2up (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ03brod/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ04brod/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ05brod/page/n9/mode/2up (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ06brod/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ07brod/page/n9/mode/2up (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ08brod/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 9) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ09brod/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 10) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ10brod/page/n7/mode/2up

History of the state of New York, volume 1. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1853. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ01brod (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ02brod (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ03brod (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ04b/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ05brod/ (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ06brod/ (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ07brod/ (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ08brod/ (Volume 9) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ09brod/ (Volume 10) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ10brod/ (Index) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ11brod/page/n7/mode/2up

BROWN, ALEXANDER editor The genesis of the United States [a collection of historical mss. and tracts, with notes, etc.]. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. 1890. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/genesisofuniteds01brow (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/genesisofuniteds02brow

BROWN, WILLIAM HAND, editor. Archives of Maryland. Baltimore. 1883-. https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000021/html/am21p—1.html Has links to other volumes.

BURKE, EDMUND. An account of the European settlements in America. London: R. & J. Dodsley. 1757. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/accountofeuropea01burk (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/accountofeuropea02burk

BURY, Viscount. Exodus of the western nations. London: Richard Bentley. 1865. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/exodusofwesternn01albeuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/exodusofwesternn02albeuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.82499

CAMPBELL, CHARLES. Introduction to the history of the colony and ancient dominion of Virginia. Richmond: D. B. Minor. 1847. https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi00campb

History of the colony and ancient dominion of Virginia. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. https://archive.org/details/historyofcolonya00camp

CAMPBELL, DOUGLAS. The Puritan in Holland, England and America. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1892. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/puritaninholland01camp (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/puritaninholland02camp

CARROLL, B. R., editor. Historical collections of South Carolina. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1836. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historicalcolle00carrgoog/page/n9/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historicalcolle02carrgoog/page/n6/mode/2up

CHARLEVOIX, Father PIERRE F. X. DE. History and general description of New France (1744): translated, with notes, by John G. Shea. New York: J. G. Shea. 1866-7.2. 6 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cihm_32251 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cihm_32765 (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historygeneralde03char (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historygeneralde04char (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historygenerald05achar (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/historygeneralde06char

CHEEVER, GEORGE B., editor Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth in 1620. New York: J. Wiley. 1848. https://archive.org/details/journalofpilgrim00mouruoft

DALTON, HENRY G. History of British Guiana, chapter 2. London: Longmans. 1855. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historybritishg01daltgoog (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historybritishg02daltgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historybritishg03daltgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historybritishg00daltgoog/page/n10/mode/2up

DOUGLASS, WILLIAM. Summary, historical and political, of the British settlements in North America. London: R. Baldwin. 1755. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/summaryhistorica01doug/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-rbsc_lc_summary-historical-political_Lande00193_v2-15869

DOYLE, JOHN A. The American colonies (Arnold prize essay). London: Rivingtons. 1869.

The English In America: Virginia. Maryland and the Carolinas (1882). The Puritan colonies (1887), 2 volumes. London: Longmans, Green & Company. New York: Henry Holt & Co.

https://archive.org/details/englishcoloniesi01doyl (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/englishcoloniesi03doyl (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/englishcoloniesi04doyl/page/n7/mode/2up/page/n7/mode/2up

DRAKE, SAMUEL ADAMS. The making of New England, 1580-1643. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1886. https://archive.org/details/makingofnewengla00drakrich

The making of Virginia and the middle colonies. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1893. https://archive.org/details/makingofvirginia00drak

DRAKE, SAMUEL G. History and antiquities of Boston, 1630-1770. Boston: L. Stevens. 1856. https://archive.org/details/historyantiquiti00dra

EDWARDS, BRYAN. History, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies. [Caribs, etc.] London: J. Stockdale. 1793-1801. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cihm_44458 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historycivilcomm04edwa https://archive.org/details/historycivilcomm06edwa/page/n5/mode/2up

FERRIS, BENJAMIN. History of the original settlements on the Delaware. Wilmington: Wilson & Heald. 1846. https://archive.org/details/historyoforigina00ferr

FISHER. GEORGE P. The colonial era (American History series). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1892. (1906) https://archive.org/details/colonialera00fishuoft (1910) https://archive.org/details/colonialerabygeo00fish

FISKE, JOHN. The beginnings of New England. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. 1889. (1897) https://archive.org/details/beginningsofne00fisk

FORCE, PETER. editor. Tracts and other papers relating principally to the origin, settlement and progress of the colonies in North America. Washington. 1886-47. 4 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/tractsotherpaper01forc (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/tractsotherpaper02forc (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/tractsotherpaper1844forc (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/tractsotherpaper04forc

GAYARRÉ, CHARLES. History of Louisiana; the French domination (1851-4). New York: William J. Widdleton. 1861. (1867) https://archive.org/details/historyoflouisia03gaya

GOODWIN, JOHN A. The pilgrim republic. Boston: Ticknor & Company. 1888. https://archive.org/details/pilgrimrepublich00good/page/n11/mode/2up

GRAHAME, JAMES. History of the rise and progress of the United States of North America. till 1688, volume 1. London: Longman. 1827. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofrisepro01grah/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofrisepro02grah/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 4, 1836) https://archive.org/details/historyriseandp01grahgoog/page/n8/mode/2up

The same, enlarged [to 1776] and amended [edited by Josiah Quincy, and published under the title of "History of the United States"]. Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard. 1846.

HAWKS, FRANCIS L. History of North Carolina [to 1729] (1857-60). Fayetteville: Hale & Son. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924028788374 (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historynorthcar00lillgoog (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historynorthcar00pittgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historynorthcar00unkngoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MzgTAAAAYAAJ/page/n3/mode/2up

HIGGINSON, THOMAS W. The French Voyageurs. (Harper's Mag., 66: 505. 1883.)

HUBBARD, Rev. WILLIAM. General history of New England, to 1680 (1815). (Collections of the Massachusetts History Society, 2d series, volumes 5-11. Boston. 1848.) https://archive.org/details/generalhistoryof00hubb

HUTCHINSON, THOMAS. History of the colony [and province] of Massachusetts-Bay [to 1749]. Boston: T. & J. Fleet. 1764-7. 2 volumes. https://archive.org/details/historyofcolonyo00hutc

LAMBRECHTSEN, N. C. Short description of the discovery and subsequent history of the New Netherlands (1818): [translated from the Dutch]. (Collections of the New York Historical Society, 2d series, volume 1. New York. 1841.)

LODGE, HENRY CABOT. Short history of the English colonies in America. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1881. https://archive.org/details/histenglishcolonies00lodgrich

MARSHALL, JOHN. History of the colonies planted by the English on the continent of North America. Philadelphia: A. Small. 1824. https://archive.org/details/plantedcolonies00marsrich

MOORE, N. Pilgrims and Puritans: the story of the planting of Plymouth and Boston. Boston: Ginn & Co. 1888. https://archive.org/details/pilgrimspuritans00tiff

MOURT, GEORGE. Relation, or journal of the plantation at Plymouth (1622); with introduction and notes by H. M. Dexter. Boston: J. K. Wiggin. 1865. https://archive.org/details/mourtsrelationo00dextgoog

NEILL, EDWARD D. English colonization of America during the 17th century. London: Strahan & Company. 1871. https://archive.org/details/cu31924032746145

History of the Virginia Company of London. Albany: J. Munsell. 1869. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028784738

Virginia vetusta [Supplement to above]. Albany: J. Munsell's Sons. 1885. https://archive.org/details/virginiavetusta00neilgoog

O'CALLAGHAN, E. B. Register of New Netherland, 1626-1674. Albany: J. Munsell. 1865. https://archive.org/details/registerofnewnet00ocal

PALFREY, JOHN G. History of New England during the Stuart dynasty. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. 1858-1864. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofnewengl01bost (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historynewengla19palfgoog (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historynewengla18palfgoog/page/n6/mode/2up

PRINCE, THOMAS. Chronological history of New England [to 1633] (1736-55). Boston: Cummings, Hilliard & Company. 1826. https://archive.org/details/achronologicalh00halegoog/page/n6/mode/2up

SAINSBURY, W. N. editor. Calendar of state papers: colonial series [America and the West Indies]. London: Longman. 1860-89. 3 volumes. 1860-84. 6 volumes. (1675-1676) https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa19offigoog (1677-1680) https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa08offigoog/page/n11/mode/2up (1685-1688) https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa18offigoog/page/n9/mode/2up (1689-1692) https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa14offigoog (1696-1697) https://archive.org/details/cu31924087794685 (1719-1720) https://archive.org/details/colonialrecordsc31greauoft/page/n3/mode/2up (1699) https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa15offigoog

SHURTLEFF, N. B., editor. Records of the governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay, 1628-86. Printed by order of the Legislature. Boston. 1853-4; 5 volumes in 6. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno01mass (Volume 4, Part 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924091024590 (Volume 4, Part 2) https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno42mass

SHURTLEFF, N. B., and D. PULSIFER. editors. Records of the colony of New Plymouth. Printed by order of the Legislature. Boston. 1855-61. 12 volumes. in 10. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/recordsofcolonyo0102newp/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/recordsofcolonyo05newp https://www.plymouthcolony.net/resources/pcr.html#pcrarchive

STITH, WILLIAM. History of the first discovery and settlement of Virginia (1747). New York: Reprinted for Jos. Sabin. 1865. https://archive.org/details/101292821.nlm.nih.gov/page/n3/mode/2up

TARBOX, Rev. INCREASE N. Sir Walter Raleigh and his colony in America. Boston: Prince Society. 1884. https://archive.org/details/sirwalterralegh00lanegoog

TRUMBULL, BENJAMIN. General history of the United States of America to 1792. Boston: Farrand, Mallory & Company. 1810. volume 1. https://archive.org/details/generalhistoryof03trum (Volume 1 of 3) https://archive.org/details/ageneralhistory01trumgoog/page/n8/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/generalhistoryof03trum/page/n13/mode/2up

TYTLER, PATRICK F. Historical view of the progress of discovery on the more northern coasts of America; with natural history, by Jas. Wilson. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. 1832. New York: Harper Brothers. https://archive.org/details/historicalviewp00goog

WHITEFIELD, WILLIAM A., editor. Documents relating to the colonial history of the state of New Jersey. Newark. 1880-. 11 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelati01socigoog/page/n10/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelati04socigoog/page/n12/mode/2up (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelati05socigoog/page/n6/mode/2up

(William Nelson) (Volume 10) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelati03socigoog/page/n10/mode/2up (Volume 19) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelati02socigoog/page/n4/mode/2up (Volume 22) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelati00socigoog/page/n10/mode/2up

WILSON, JAMES GRANT, editor Memorial history of the city of New York, volume 1. New York: History Co. 1892. 4 volumes. (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cu31924024757290 (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memorialhistoryo01wilsuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/memorialhistoryo02wilsuoft/page/n9/mode/2up (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/memorialhistoryo03wilsuoft/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/memorialhistoryo04wilsuoft/page/n13/mode/2up

WINTHROP, JOHN. History of New England, 1630-1649 (1825-6). New edition. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. 1853. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/winthropsjournal00wint/page/n11/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/winthropsjournal02wint

YOUNG, ALEXANDER. Chronicles of the first planters of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1623-1636. Boston: Little & Brown. 1846. https://archive.org/details/chroniclesoffirs00younuoft https://archive.org/details/chroniclesoffirs00youn https://archive.org/details/chroniclesoffirs00youn_0

Chronicles of the pilgrim fathers, 1602-1625. Boston: Little & Brown. 1841. https://archive.org/details/chroniclesofpilg00youn

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AMERICAN ARCHÆOLOGY.

ABBOTT, CHARLES. C. Primitive Industry; or illustrations of the handiwork, in stone, bone and clay, of the native races of the northern Atlantic seaboard of America. Salem: G. A. Bates. 1881. https://archive.org/details/primitiveindustry00abborich

Traces of an American autocthon. (American Naturalist, 10: 329. 1876.)

AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN AND ORIENTAL JOURNAL. Chicago. 1878-.

AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. Proceedings. Boston.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHÆOLOGY. Baltimore. 1885-7. Boston: Ginn & Company. 1888-.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Proceedings (1879-). (Smithsonian miscellaneous collections, volume 25-. Washington. 1882-.)

ATWATER, CALEB. Description of the antiquities discovered in Ohio and other western states. (Archæologia Americana, volume 1. Worcester: American Antiquities Society. 1820.) https://archive.org/details/descriptionofant0000atwa/page/n3/mode/2up

BACON, A. T. Ruins of the Colorado valley. (Lippincott's Magazine, 20: 521. 1880.)

BAILEY, Rev. JACOB. Observations and conjectures on the antiquities of America. (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society., volume 4. Boston. 1795.)

BALDWIN, JOHN D. Ancient America. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1872. https://archive.org/details/ancientamericain00bald/page/n7/mode/2up

Pre-historic nations. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1869. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.115963

BANDELIER, ADOLF A historical introduction to studies among the sedentary Indians of New Mexico. Report on the ruins of the Pueblo of Pecos. Boston: A. Williams & Company. 1881. (Papers Archæological Institute of America.) https://archive.org/details/historicalintrod00bandrich/page/n7/mode/2up

Report of an archæological tour in Mexico, in 1881. Boston: Cupples, Upham & Company. 1884. https://archive.org/details/archaeologmexico02bandrich/page/n5/mode/2up

BARBER, EDWIN A. Ancient pueblos, Rio San Juan. (American Naturalist, 12: 526, 606. 1878.) https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/272184

Pueblo pottery. (American Naturalist, 15: 453. 1881.)

Rock inscriptions of the "ancient pueblos." (American Naturalist, 10: 716. 1876.)

BAXTER, SYLVESTER. The father of the pueblos [Zuni]. (Harper's Magazine, 65: 72. 1882.)

BEAUCHAMP, W. M. Indian occupation of New York. (Science, 19: 76. 1892.) https://archive.org/details/aboriginaloccupa00beau https://archive.org/details/aboriginaloccupa00beau_0

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. America before Columbus. (Bibliographical note in Bulletins, volume 3, pages 65-71.)

BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Palæolithic implements of the valley of the Delaware; by C. C. Abbott and others (from Proceedings, volume 21). Cambridge. 1881.

BRINTON, DANIEL G. The books of Chilan Balam, the prophetic and historic records of the Mayas of Yucatan. Philadelphia: Edw. Stern & Company. 1882. https://archive.org/details/bookschilanbala00bringoog/page/n6/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/cu31924020440115

Essays of an Americanist. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates. 1890. https://archive.org/details/essaysofamerican00brin/page/n5/mode/2up

Prehistoric chronology of America. (Science, 10: 76. 1887.)

BRYANT, W. C. Interesting archæological studies in and about Buffalo. [Buffalo. 1890.]

BRYCE, GEORGE. The mound builders. Winnipeg Historical Society. 1884-5. https://archive.org/details/moundbuilders00bryc

CARR, LUCIEN. The mounds of the Mississippi valley, historically considered. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company. 1883. https://archive.org/details/cu31924104076934

CHARNAY, DÉSIRÉ. Ancient cities of the new world, being voyages and explorations in Mexico and Central America, 1857-82; translated from the French by J. Gonino and H. S. Conant. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1887. https://archive.org/details/ancientcitiesofn00char_1

CONANT, A. J. Footprints of vanished races in the Mississippi valley. St. Louis: C. R. Barns. 1879. https://archive.org/details/footprintsvanrace00conarich

CUSHING, FRANK H. The nation of the willows [Zunis]. (Atlantic Monthly, 50: 362,541. 1882.)

Zuni social, mythic and religious systems. (Popular Science Monthly, 21: 186. 1882.)

DALL, W. H. On the remains of later pre-historic man obtained from caves in the Catherina Archipelago, Alaska (1876). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 22. Washington. 1880.) https://archive.org/details/cu31924104074822/page/n3/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/ontheremains00dallrich/page/n5/mode/2up

EVERETT, J. T. The earliest American people. (Magazine of American History, 22: 114. 1889.) https://archive.org/details/magazineamerica05stevgoog https://archive.org/stream/magazineamerica05stevgoog/magazineamerica05stevgoog_djvu.txt

FISKE, JOHN. The discovery of America. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company 1892. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/discoveryamerica01fisk (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/discoveryofameri02fisk

FORCE, M. F. Some early notices of the Indians of Ohio; to what race did the mound builders belong. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company. 1879. https://archive.org/details/someearlynotice00ohiogoog

FOSTER, J. W. Prehistoric races of the United States of America: Chicago: S. C. Griggs & Company. 1873. https://archive.org/details/prehistoricraces00fostiala/page/n5/mode/2up

GANNETT, HENRY. Prehistoric ruins in southern Colorado. (Popular Science Monthly, 16: 666. 1880.)

HABEL, S. The sculptures of Santa Lucia Cosumalwhuapa in Guatemala (1878). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 22. Washington. 1880.) (French) https://archive.org/details/sculpturesdesant00habe

HALE, HORATIO. Indian migrations, as evidenced by language; comprising the Huron-Cherokee stock, Dakota, Algonkins, Chahta-Muskoki, mound-builders, Iberians. Chicago. 1883. (American Association for the Advancement of Science., 1882, American Antiquarian, January, April, 1883.) https://archive.org/details/indianmigrations00halerich

HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Peabody Museum of American archæology and ethnology. Reports. Cambridge. 1868-.

HAVEN, SAMUEL F. Archæology of the United States. (1855). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 8. Washington. 1856.) https://archive.org/details/archologyunited00havegoog/page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/archaeologyus00haverich

HIGGINSON, T. W. The first Americans. (Harper's Magazine, 65: 342. 1882.)

HUMBOLDT, ALEXANDER von. Researches concerning the Institutions and monuments of the ancient inhabitants of America; translated by Helen M. Williams. London: Longman 1814. 2 volumes. https://archive.org/details/researchesconcer01humb

JACKSON, W. H. Ancient ruins in southwestern Colorado. (American Naturalist, 10: 31. 1876.)

JONES, CHARLES C. Jr. Antiquities of the southern Indians, particularly of the Georgia tribes. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1873. https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesofsou00jone_0/antiquitiesofsou00jone_0?view=theater

Monumental remains of Georgia, part 1. Savannah: J. M. Cooper & Company. 1861. https://archive.org/details/monumentalremain01jone

JONES, JOSEPH Explorations of the aboriginal remains of Tennessee (1876). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 22. Washington. 1880.)

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY AND ARCHÆOLOGY. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1891-.

KINGSBOROUGH, Lord. Antiquities of Mexico: comprising fac-similes of ancient Mexican paintings and hieroglyphics, etc., illustrated by many valuable inedited mss. London. R. Havell. 1830-48. 9 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexi1King (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexiv2King (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexiv3King (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexi4King (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexi5King (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexi6King (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexi7King (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexiv8King (Volume 9) https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesMexiv9King

LAPHAM, I. A. The antiquities of Wisconsin (1853), (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 7. Washington 1855.) https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesofwis00laph

LARKIN, FREDERICK. Ancient man in America. 1880.

MacLEAN, J. P. The mound builders. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company. 1879. https://archive.org/details/moundbuilders00maclgoog/page/n10/mode/2up

MITCHILL, Dr. SAMUEL. Communications [on American antiquities, ethnology, etc.]. (Archæologia Americana, volume 1. Worcester: American Antiquarian Society, 1820.)

MOOREHEAD, WARREN K. Fort Ancient, the great prehistoric earthwork of Warren County, Ohio; compiled from a careful survey. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company. 1890. https://archive.org/details/fortancientgrea00moorgoog

NADAILLAC, Marquis de. Prehistoric America (1882); translated by N. d'Anvers. edited by W. H. Dall. New York: G. W. Putnam's Sons. 1884. https://archive.org/details/cihm_52727/page/n7/mode/2up

NEWBERRY, JOHN S. Ancient civilizations of America. (Popular Science Monthly, 41: 187. 1892.)

OHIO STATE ARCHÆOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Report on the antiquities of Ohio. (Final report of the Ohio State board of Centennial managers. Columbus. 1877.)

PEET, Reverend STEPHEN D. Prehistoric America. Chicago: American Antiquarian Office. 1890-. 5 volumes. volume 1. (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cu31924088416932

The mound builders, volume 2. Emblematic mounds and animal effigies. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/prehistoricameri01peetuoft/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/prehistoricameri02peet https://archive.org/details/prehistoricameri04peet/page/n7/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/prehistoricameri03peet https://archive.org/details/prehistoricameri05peet https://archive.org/details/cu31924088416932 https://archive.org/details/cu31924088416924/page/n7/mode/2up

PHILADELPHIA. Numismatic and Antiquarian Society. Proceedings.

(1st) https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_dak_vertxt-1/page/n3/mode/2up (10th) https://archive.org/details/annualreportofbu108889smit (11th)https://archive.org/details/eleventhannualre1889powe (12th) https://archive.org/details/annualreportofbu1218901891smit (Pubs) https://ia902705.us.archive.org/26/items/listofpubethno00smitrich/listofpubethno00smitrich.pdf

Prehistoric man in America. (Forum, 8: 489. 1890.)

PRIEST, JOSIAH. American antiquities and discoveries in the west, 2d edition, revised. Albany: Hoffman 1835 https://archive.org/details/americanantiqui05priegoog

PUTNAM, F. W. Archæological notes, and other pamphlets.

Prehistoric remains in the Ohio valley. (Century, 17: 698. 1890.)

QUATREFAGES, A. DE. The peopling of America. (Popular Science Monthly, 38: 305. 1891.)

RAU, CHARLES. The archæological collection of the United States National Museum (1876). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 22. Washington. 1880.) https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalc00raugoog

The Palenque tablet in the United States National Museum (1879). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 22. Washington. 1880.) https://archive.org/details/palenquetabletin00rauc

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READ, Matthew Canield Archæology of Ohio. Cleveland: Western Reserve History Society. [1888.] https://archive.org/details/archaeologyohio00readrich

REISS, W., and A. STÜBEL. The necropolis of Ancon in Peru. Berlin: A. Asher & Company. 1880-7. 8 volumes. https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012875635

RIO, Don ANTONIO DEL. Description of the ruins of an ancient city, discovered near Palengue, Guatemala (1787); translated: [also] Teatro Critico Americano, by Dr. Paul Felix Cabrera. London: Henry Berthoud. 1822. https://archive.org/details/descriptionofrui00roan_0

RIVERO, MARIANO EDW., and JOHN JAMES VON TSCHUDI. Peruvian antiquities: translated from the Spanish by Francis L. Hawks. New York: G. P. Putnam. 1853. https://archive.org/details/peruvianantiqui01tschgoog

ST. LOUIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Contributions to the archæology of Missouri, part 1: Pottery. Salem: George A. Bates. 1880.

SHORT, JOHN T. The North Americans of antiquity; their origin, migrations and type of civilization considered. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1880. https://archive.org/details/northamericansof00shorrich

STEPHENS, JOHN L. Incidents of travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1843. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/incidentsoftrave11841step (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/incidentstravel07stepgoog (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/b2935030x_0001 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/b2935030x_0002

Incidents of travel In Yucatan. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1843. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/travelinyucatan01step (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/incidentsoftrave01step_1 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/travelyucatan02step (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/incidentsoftrave21843step

SQUIER E. G. Aboriginal monuments of New York. (1849). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 2. Washington. 1851.) https://archive.org/details/aboriginalmonume0000squi/page/n5/mode/2up

Antiquities of the state of New York; with a supplement on the antiquities of the west. Buffalo: G. H. Derby & Company. 1851. https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesofsta00squirich

Nicaragua: its people, scenery, monuments. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1852. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/gri_nicaraguaits01squi (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/nicaraguaitspeo05squigoog/page/n8/mode/2up

SQUIER E. G., and E. H. DAVIS. Ancient monuments of the Mississippi valley (1847). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 1. Washington. 1848.) https://archive.org/details/ancientmonuments00squi

THOMAS, CYRUS. Catalogue of prehistoric works east of the Rocky Mountains. Washington. 1891. (Smithsonian Institute Bureau of Ethnology.) https://archive.org/details/catalogueprehis01thomgoog

The Cherokees In pre-Columbian times. New York: N. D. C. Hodges. 1800. https://archive.org/details/cherokeesinpreco00thom

The circular, square, and octagonal earthworks of Ohio. Washington. 1889. (Smithsonian Institute Bureau of Ethnology.) https://archive.org/details/b30477633

The problem of the Ohio mounds. Washington. 1889. (Smithsonian Institute Bureau of Ethnology.) https://archive.org/details/problemofohiomou01thom

A study of the Manuscript Troano. (United States geography and geological survey. Contributions to North American ethnology, volume 5. Washington. 1882.) https://archive.org/details/studyofmanuscrip00thom_0/page/n5/mode/2up

THRUSTON, GATES P. The antiquities of Tennessee and the adjacent states, and the state of aboriginal society in the scale of civilization represented by them. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company. 1890. https://archive.org/details/antiquitiestenn00thurrich

UNITED STATES. Bureau of Ethnology, John W. Powell, director. Annual reports. Washington. See POWELL, J. W.

WALLACE, A. R. American museums, of American pre-historic archæology. (Fortnightly Review, 48: 665. 1887.)

WHITTLESEY, CHARLES. Description of ancient works in Ohio (1850). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 3. Washington. 1852.) https://archive.org/details/descriptionsofan00whit

WINSOR, JUSTIN, editor. Narrative and critical history of America, volume 1. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. 1886. 8 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/narrativecritica01wins (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/narrativecritica02wins (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/narrativecritica03wins (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/narrativecritica04wins (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/narrativecritica05wins (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/narrativecritica06wins (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/narrativecritica07wins (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/narrativecritica08wins

AMERICAN ABORIGINES.

ADAIR, JAMES. The history of the American Indians, particularly those nations adjoining to the Mississippi, East and West Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, and Virginia. London: E. & C. Dilly. 1775. https://archive.org/details/historyofamerica00adairich

ALLEN, PAUL. History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clarke, to the Pacific Ocean, 1804-6. Philadelphia. Dublin: J. Christie. 1817. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyexpediti01allegoog/page/n12/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyexpediti04allegoog/page/n6/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyexpediti02allegoog/page/n6/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyexpediti03allegoog/page/n15/mode/2up

AMERICAN STATE PAPERS: Indian affairs, 1789-1827. Washington: 1852-4. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/americanstatepap_c11unit

ATWATER, CALEB. Remarks made on a tour to Prairie du Chien in 1829. Columbus, Ohio: I. N. Whiting. 1831. https://archive.org/details/remarksmadeontou00atwa

BANCROFT, GEORGE. History of the United States of America; the authors's last revision, volume 2. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1883-5. 6 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyoftheunit037605mbp (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofunited32banc/page/n3/mode/2up (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.506697 (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofusa03bancrich (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyofuniteds0004banc/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyofuniteds05banciala

BANCROFT, HUBERT HOWE. The native races of the Pacific States of North America. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1874-6. 5 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/nativeraces01bancrich (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/nativeracespaci03bancgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/nativeracespaci02bancgoog (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/nativeracespaci01bancgoog (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/nativeracespaci00bancgoog https://archive.org/details/nativeracespaci04bancgoog/page/n18/mode/2up

BARROWS, William. The Indian's side of the Indian question. Boston: D. Lothrop & Company. 1887. https://archive.org/details/cihm_03383

BEACH, W. W., editor. The Indian miscellany. Albany: J. Munsell. 1877. https://archive.org/details/rsindianmiscella00beacuoft

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. The Indian question (list in Bulletins, volume 4, pages 68-70).

BROOKS, ELBRIDGE S. The story of the American Indian, his origin, development, decline and destiny. Boston: D. Lothrop & Co. 1887. https://archive.org/details/storyofamericani00broo/page/n5/mode/2up

BROWN, ROBERT. The races of mankind, volume 1. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin. 1873-6: 4 volumes. https://archive.org/details/racesofmankindbe01browuoft

BROWNELL, CHARLES DE WOLF. The Indian races of North and South America. New York: American Subscription House. 1857. https://archive.org/details/indianracesofnor00brow

CANADA. Department of Indian affairs. Annual reports. Ottawa.

CATLIN, GEORGE. Illustrations of the manners, customs and condition of the North American Indians (1841). London: Henry G. Bohn. 1861. 2 volumes. Chatto & Windus. 1876. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/illustrationsofm01catl (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/illustrationsofm02catl

North American portfolio of hunting scenes, etc. London: H. Bohn. 1844. https://archive.org/details/Ayer_250_45_C2_1844_Catlin/page/n27/mode/2up

CHARLEVOIX, Father. Letters to the Dutchess of Lesdiguieres [containing account of the North American tribes, 1720-22; translated] London. 1763. https://archive.org/details/letterstodutche00char

COLDEN, CADWALLADER. History of the five Indian nations of Canada, which are dependent on the province of New York in America. New York. 1727. [Enlarged edition]. London. 1747. https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-131832-5200

COLTON, C. Tour of the American lakes in 1830. London: F. Westley & A. H. Davis. 1833. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/tourofamericanla0000colt/page/n1/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/touramericanlak00coltgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/touramericanlak01coltgoog

CRAIG, NEVILLE B., editor. The olden time. Pittsburg. 1846-8. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company. 1876. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/GR_3089-1/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/oldentimeamonth00craigoog

DODGE, Colonel RICHARD I. Our wild Indians: thirty-three years' personal experience among the red men of the great west; with an introduction by General Sherman. Hartford: A. D. Worthington & Company. 1882. https://archive.org/details/ourwildindiansth00dodgrich

DOMENECH, Abbé EM. Seven years' residence in the great deserts of North America. London: Longman, Green & Company. 1860. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/sevenyearsreside01domeuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/sevenyearsresid00domegoog

DONALDSON, THOMAS The George Catlin Indian gallery, United States National Museum, Washington. (Report of the Smithsonian Institute, 1885, part 2.)

DRAKE, FRANCIS S. Indian history for young folks. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1885. https://archive.org/details/indianhistoryfo00dowdgoog/page/n12/mode/2up

DRAKE, SAMUEL G. The aboriginal races of North America, 15th edition. Philadelphia: C. Desilver & Sons. 1859. https://archive.org/details/aboriginalraceso01drak

Biography and history of the Indians of North America. (1841), 11th edition. Boston: B. B. Mussey & Company. 1851. (Edition 8) https://archive.org/details/cihm_34854 (Edition 9) https://archive.org/details/cihm_37353

The old Indian chronicle; being a collection of exceeding rare tracts written and published in the time of king Philip's war. Boston: Antiquarian Institute. 1836. https://archive.org/details/oldindianchroni00lithgoog

ELLIS, GEORGE E. The red man and the white man in North America. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. 1882. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028719007 https://archive.org/details/redmanwhitemanin00ellirich

FIELD, THOMAS. W. An essay towards an Indian bibliography. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Company. 1873. https://archive.org/details/essaytowardsindi00fielrich

FLETCHER, ALICE C. Indian education and civilization; a report. Washington. 1888. https://archive.org/details/indianeducationa00unitrich

GALLATIN, ALBERT. A synopsis of the Indian tribes of North America. (Archæologia Americana, volume 2. Cambridge: American Antiquarian Society. 1836.) Writings; edited by H. Adams. Lippincott. 1879. 3 volumes. https://archive.org/details/synopsisofindian01gall/page/n3/mode/2up

HOLMES, Reverend ABIEL. Annals of America, 1492-1826 (1895). Cambridge: Hilliard & Brown. 1829. 2 volumes. (Volume 1, 1826) https://archive.org/details/cihm_47268/page/n3/mode/2up (Volume 1, 1826) https://archive.org/details/annalsamer00holmrich (Volume 2, 1826) https://archive.org/details/cihm_47269

HUMBOLDT ALEXANDER VON. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the new continent, 1799-1804, by Alexander de Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland; translated by Helen Maria Williams, volume 5, pages 315-334. London: Longman. 1826. 7 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati00humbgoog/page/n6/mode/2up (Volume 1, 2) https://archive.org/details/personalnarrati01humbgoog/page/n10/mode/2up

INDIAN RIGHTS ASSOCIATION. Annual reports of the executive committee. Philadelphia. ( 6th, 1888) https://archive.org/details/annualreportexe00assogoog/page/n10/mode/2up (30th, 1912) https://archive.org/details/annualreportexe02commgoog (31st, 1913) https://archive.org/details/annualreportexe00assogoog/page/n10/mode/2up

JACKSON. Mrs. HELEN HUNT. A century of dishonor (1881). New edition, with appendix. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1885. https://archive.org/details/centuryofdishono005246mbp/page/n23/mode/2up

KINGSLEY, JOHN STERLING, editor. The standard natural history, volume 6. Boston: S. E. Cassino & Company. 1885. 6 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/standardnaturalh01king (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/standardnaturalh02king (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/cu31924003839358/page/n11/mode/2up (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/standardnaturalh03king (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/standardnaturalh04king/page/n9/mode/2up (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/standardnaturalh05king/page/n11/mode/2up (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/standardnaturalh06king/page/n11/mode/2up

KIP, Reverend WILLIAM INGRAHAM. The early Jesuit, missions in North America; composed and translated from the letters of the French Jesuits. New York: Wiley & Putnam. 1846. 2 volumes. https://archive.org/details/earlyjesuitmissi00kip/page/n7/mode/2up (Part 1) https://archive.org/details/earlyjesuitmissi00kipw_0 (Part 1) https://archive.org/details/earlyjesuitmissi02kipw

LAHONTAN, Baron. New voyages to North America, containing an account of the several nations of that vast continent, 1683-1694 (1703): [translated from the French.] 2d edition. London. 1735. 2 volumes. (Volume 1, 1905) https://archive.org/details/newvoyagestonort01laho (Volume 2, 1905) https://archive.org/details/newvoyagestonort02laho/page/n7/mode/2up

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LAKE MOHONK annual conference of friends of the Indian. Proceedings. Philadelphia. https://www.maquah.net/Historical/Mohonk.html (17th, 1890)https://archive.org/details/proceedingsannu00unkngoog (1896) https://archive.org/details/proceedingsannu01unkngoog/page/n6/mode/2up (17th, 1899) https://archive.org/details/proceedingsannu39unkngoog

McKENNEY, THOMAS L., and JAMES HALL. History of the Indian tribes of North America, with 120 portraits from the Indian gallery at Washington (1838-44). Philadelphia: D. Rice & A. N. Hart. 1854. 3 volumes. (Volume 1, 1872) https://archive.org/details/historyofindiant01mckerich/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 2, 1872) https://archive.org/details/historyofindiant02mckerich/page/n7/mode/2up

MANYPENNY, GEORGE W. Our Indian wards. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company. 1880. https://archive.org/details/Ayer_155_M25_1880

MASON, Professor OTIS T., editor. Miscellaneous papers relating to anthropology, from the Smithsonian report for 1881. Washington. 1883.

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MORGAN, LEWIS H. Houses and house-life of the American aborigines. Washington. 1881. (U. S. geographic and geological survey, Contributions to North American ethnology, volume 4.) https://archive.org/details/houseshouselifeo00morg_0

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MORTON, SAMUEL G. Crania Americana; or a comparative view of the skulls of various aboriginal nations of North and South America. Philadelphia: J. Penington. 1839. https://archive.org/details/Craniaamericana00Mort

NOTT, J. C., GEORGE. R. GLIDDON, and others. Indigenous races of the earth. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1857. https://archive.org/details/indigenousraceso01nott

OTIS, ELWELL S. The Indian question. New York: Sheldon & Company. 1878. https://archive.org/details/indianquestion00otisrich

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PRICHARD, JAMES C. Researches into the physical history of mankind (1813). 2d ed. London: J. & A. Arch. 1826. 2 volumes. (Volume 1, 1841) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop08pricgoog (Volume 1, 1851) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop03pricgoog (Volume 1, 1836) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop06pricgoog/page/n8/mode/2up (Volume 2, 1837) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop02pricgoog (Volume 2, 1851) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop04pricgoog (Volume 3, 1811) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop09pricgoog (Volume 3, 1841) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop10pricgoog (Volume 3, 1841) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop05pricgoog/page/n8/mode/2up (Volume 4, 1844) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop01pricgoog (Volume 5, 1847) https://archive.org/details/researchesintop07pricgoog

RADISSON, PETER ESPRIT. Voyages, being an account of his travels and experiences among the North American Indians, 1652-1684; with historical illustrations and an introduction by Gideon D. Scull. Boston: Prince Society. 1885. https://archive.org/details/voyagespeteresp00sculgoog/page/n14/mode/2up

RAWLE, WILLIAM. A vindication of Heckewelder's "History of the Indian nations." (Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, volume 1. Philadelphia. 1826. J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1864.) https://archive.org/details/5f1b0c76-4bcd-4e48-b937-081944dc88aa/mode/2up

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SCHOOLCRAFT, HENRY R. Historical and statistical information respecting the history, condition and prospects of the Indian tribes; prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Indian affairs. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Company. 1851-5. 5 volumes. (Part 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924032190161 (Part 2) https://archive.org/details/historicalstatis02scho (Part 3) https://archive.org/details/cu31924091889976 (Part 4) https://archive.org/details/historicalstatipt4scho (Part 5) https://archive.org/details/historicalstatis05scho (Part 5) https://archive.org/details/historicalstati00schoa (Part 6) https://archive.org/details/historicalstatis06scho/page/n7/mode/2up

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STANFORD'S COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL: North America; edited and enlarged by Professor F. V. Hayden and Professor A. R. C. Selwyn. London: E. Stanford. 1883. https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.86162

STANLEY'S PORTRAITS OF NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS IN SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Catalogue (1852). (Smithsonian miscellaneous collections, volume 2. Washington. 1862.) https://archive.org/details/portraitsnaindians00stanrich

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BANDELIER, ADOLF F. The delight makers. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. 1890. https://archive.org/details/delightmakers00bandrich

The gilded man (El Dorado). New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1893. https://archive.org/details/gildedmaneldorad00bandrich/page/n7/mode/2up

BARTRAM, WILLIAM. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, etc. [1773-8]. [Creeks, Cherokees and Choctaws.] Philadelphia. 1791. https://archive.org/details/travelsthroughno00bart

BEAUCHAMP, William Martin The Iroquois trail; in which are included David Cusick's sketches of ancient history of the six nations. Fayetteville, New York: H. C. Beauchamp. 1892. https://archive.org/details/cihm_04555

BECKWOURTH, JAMES P., Chief of the Crows. Life and adventures (1856). New York: Harper & Brothers. 1858. https://archive.org/details/lifeadventuresof00beckrich

BENSON, HENRY C. Life among the Choctaw Indians. Cincinnati: L. Swormstedt & A. Poe. 1860. https://archive.org/details/lifeamongchoctaw00bens

BIART, LUCIEN. The Aztecs, their history, manners and customs (1885); translated from the French, by J. L. Garner. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. 1887. (1919) https://archive.org/details/aztecstheirhist01garngoog

BLACKBIRD, ANDREW J. (MACK-AW-DE-BE-NESSY). History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan, a grammar of their language, etc. Ypsilanti, Michigan. 1887. https://archive.org/details/completebothearl01blac

BLAKE, Lady. The Beothuks of Newfoundland. (Nineteenth Century, 24: 899. 1888.)

BRETT, Reverend W. H. The Indian tribes of Guiana. London: Bell & Daldy. 1868. https://archive.org/details/indiantribesofgu00bret

BRINTON, DANIEL G., editor. The annals of the Cakchiquels; the original text, with a translation, notes and introduction. Philadelphia. 1885. https://archive.org/details/bp_684862

The Lenâpé and their legends, with the complete text and symbols of the Walam Olum. Philadelphia. 1885. https://archive.org/details/lenptheirleg00brin

Editor. The Maya chronicles. Philadelphia: D. G. Brinton. 1882. https://archive.org/details/mayachronicles00briniala

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BRODHEAD, JOHN Romeyn History of the state of New York., volume 1. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1853-71. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofstateof01brod_0 (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ01brod (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ02brod (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ03brod (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ04brod (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ05brod (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ06brod (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ07brod (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ08brod (Volume 9) https://archive.org/details/documentsrelativ09brod

CASWELL, Mrs. HARRIET S. Our life among the Iroquois Indians. Boston: Congregational Sunday School and Publishing Society. 1892. https://archive.org/details/ourlifeamongiroq00caswiala

CATON, JOHN D. The last of the Illinois, and a sketch of the Pottawatomies (1870). (Fergus historical series.) Chicago: Fergus Printing Company. 1876. https://archive.org/details/cihm_04014

CLAIBORNE, J. F. H. Mississippi, as a province, territory and state. Jackson, Mississippi: Power & Barksdale. 1880. volume 1. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924028795405

CLARKE, PETER D. Origin and traditional history of the Wyandotts, etc. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Company. 1870. https://archive.org/details/origintraditiona00clar

COPWAY, GEORGE (KAH-GE-GA-GAH-BOWH), Chief. Traditional history and characteristic sketches of the Ojibway nation. London: C. Gilpin. 1850. https://archive.org/details/traditionalhist00bookgoog

COX, ROSS. Adventures on the Columbia River. London. 2 volumes. New York: J. & J. Harper. 1832. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/adventuresoncolu00coxr (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.7215 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cihm_33605

COZZENS, SAMUEL W. The marvellous country; or, three years in Arizona and New Mexico, the Apaches' home (1873). Boston: Lee & Shepard. https://archive.org/details/marvellouscountry00cozzrich/page/n9/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/marvellouscountr00cozz_0 https://archive.org/details/marvellouscountr00cozzrich

CRANTZ, DAVID. History of Greenland, book 4 (volume 1). London: 1767. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofgree01cran (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofgreen02cran

CRUISE OF THE REVENUE-STEAMER CORWIN IN ALASKA AND THE North West ARCTIC OCEAN IN 1881. Washington. 1883. (H. of Rep's, 47th congress, 2d session. Ex. doc. 105.) https://archive.org/details/cruiseofrevenues00muir

CUSTER, General. G. A. My life on the plains. New York: Sheldon & Co. 1874. https://archive.org/details/mylifeonplainsor00cust

DALL, WILLIAM. H. Tribes of the extreme northwest. (United States geography and geology survey. Contributions to North American ethnology, volume 1. Washington. 1877.) https://archive.org/details/tribesextremeno01dallgoog/page/n8/mode/2up

DALTON, HENRY G. History of British Guiana, volume 1. London: Longman. 1855. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historybritishg02daltgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historybritishg03daltgoog https://archive.org/details/historybritishg01daltgoog/mode/2up

DEFOREST, JOHN W. History of the Indians of Connecticut (1853). Albany: J. Munsell. 1871. (1851) https://archive.org/details/historyindiansc00darlgoog (1851) https://archive.org/details/historyindiansc01darlgoog

DENTON, DANIEL. A brief description of New York; likewise a brief relation of the customs of the Indians there (1670). New York: William Gowans. 1845. https://archive.org/details/briefdescription11dent/page/n13/mode/2up

DODGE. J. R. Red men of the Ohio valley, 1650-1795. Springfield, Ohio: Ruralist Publishing Company. 1860. https://archive.org/details/redmenofohiovall00dodg

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DORSEY, JAMES OWEN. The Biloxi Indians of Louisiana. Salem. 1893. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbilo0047dors/page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/jstor-534279/page/n1/mode/2up

The gentile system of the Siletz tribes. https://archive.org/details/jstor-532806/page/n1/mode/2up

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DUNBAR, J. B. The Pawnee Indians. (Magazine of American History, volume 4, April, 1880.)

EASTMAN, Mrs. MARY. Dahcotah; or life and legends of the Sioux around Fort Snelling. New York: John Wiley. 1849. https://archive.org/details/cihm_35037

EELLS, MYRON. Indians of Puget Sound. (American Antiquarian, 9: 1,271. 10: 26, 174. 1887-8.)

EGGLESTON, EDWARD, and LILLIE E. SEELYE. Pocahontas. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. [1879.] https://archive.org/details/pocahontas00seel

GATSCHET, ALBERT S. The Klamath Indians of southwestern Oregon. Washington. 1890. 2 volumes. (United States geographical and geological survey. Contributions to North American ethnology, volume 2.) https://archive.org/details/klamathindiansof02gatsuoft https://archive.org/details/cihm_52744/page/n7/mode/2up

GIBBS, GEORGE. Tribes of western Washington and northwestern Oregon. (United States geographical and geological survey. Contributions to North American ethnology, volume 1. Washington. 1877.) https://archive.org/details/cihm_14847/page/n9/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/tribesextremeno00dallgoog/page/n8/mode/2up

GOOKIN, DANIEL. Historical account of the doings and sufferings of the Christian Indians of New England. (Archæologia Americana, volume 2. Cambridge: American Antiquarian Society. 1886.) https://books.google.com/books/about/Historical_Account_of_the_Doings_and_Suf.html?id=Qmhumu27RG0C

Historical collections of the Indians in New England. (Collections of the Mass. Historical Society, volume 1. Boston. 1792.)

GRANT, Mrs. ANNE (of Laggan). Memoirs of an American lady [Mrs. Philip Schuyler] (1808). (Mohawks.) New York. https://archive.org/details/memoirsanameric03grangoog

GRINNELL, GEORGE BIRD. Pawnee hero stories and folk-tales, with notes on the origin, customs and character of the Pawnee people. New York: Forest and Stream Pub. Company, 1889. (1893) https://archive.org/details/pawneeherostorie00grinrich/page/n3/mode/2up

GWYTHER, G. Pueblo Indians. (Overland Monthly, 6: 260. 1871.)

HALE, HORATIO, editor. The Iroquois book of rites. Philadelphia: D. G. Brinton. 1883. https://archive.org/details/cu31924099385514

HARDACRE, EMMA C. The cliff-dwellers. (Scribner's Monthly, 17: 266. 1878.)

HAUGHTON, JAMES Additional memoir of the Moheagans. (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, volume 9. Boston. 1804.) https://archive.org/details/memoirjameshaug00hauggoog

HEALY, Capt. M. A. Report of the cruise of the revenue marine steamer Corwin in the Arctic Ocean in 1885. Washington. 1887. (House of Representatives, 49th congress, 1st session. Ex. doc. 153.) https://archive.org/details/cihm_04426

HECKEWELDER, Reverend JOHN. History of the manners and customs of the Indian nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania, etc. (1818; new edition, with introduction by Reverend William C. Reichel. Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, volume 12. Philadelphia. 1876). https://archive.org/details/histmannerscust00heckrich

Narrative of the mission of the United Brethren among the Delaware and Mohegan Indians, 1740-1808. Philadelphia: M'Carthy & Davis. 1820. https://archive.org/details/narrativeofmissi00heck

HENRY, ALEXANDER Travels and adventures in Canada and the Indian territories, 1760-76. New York: I. Riley. 1809. (1809) https://archive.org/details/travelsandadven00henrgoog/page/n8/mode/2up (1901) https://archive.org/details/travelsadventur00henr (1901) https://archive.org/details/travelsadventure00henr/page/n7/mode/2up

HILLARD, G. S. Life of captain John Smith. (Library of American biography: conducted by Jared Sparks. 1884. New York: Harper & Brothers. 10 volumes.) https://archive.org/details/lifeofcaptainjoh00simms https://archive.org/details/lifecaptainsmith00simmrich

HIND, HENRY YOULE. Explorations in the interior of the Labrador peninsula; the country of the Montagnais and Nasquapee Indians. London: Longman, Green & Company. 1863. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cihm_42676 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/explorationsinin021863hind (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cihm_42677

Narrative of the Canadian Red River exploring expedition of 1857, and of the Assinniboine and Saskatchewan expedition of 1858. London: Longman, Green & Company. 1860. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cihm_35699 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/narrativeofcanad02hind

HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS. Nez Percé Joseph; an account of his ancestors, his lands, etc. Boston: Lee & Shepard. 1881. https://archive.org/details/nezpercejoseph01howa https://archive.org/details/nezpercejosepha01howagoog

HUNTER, JOHN D. Manners and customs of several Indian tribes located west of the Mississippi. Philadelphia. 1823. https://archive.org/details/mannerscustoms00huntrich

Memoirs of a captivity among the Indians. London: Longman. 1824. https://archive.org/details/memoirsacaptivi01huntgoog https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.82979

HURT, Dr. GARLAND. Indians of Utah. (Simpson's Report of explorations, 1850. Washington. 1876.)

HUTCHINSON, THOMAS. J. The Parana. London: Edward Stanford. 1868. https://archive.org/details/paranwithincide00hutcgoog

IM THURN, EVERARD FERDINAND. Among the Indians of Guiana. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Company. 1883. https://archive.org/details/amongindiansgui00thurgoog

IRVING, JOHN TREAT. Indian sketches taken during a United States expedition to make treaties with the Pawnee and other tribes of Indians in 1833 (1833). New York. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1888. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/indiansketchest01irvigoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/GR_2157-2 https://archive.org/details/indiansketchesta00irvirich/page/ii/mode/2up

JAMES, EDWIN, comp. Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains., 1819-20, under command of Major Long. Philadelphia: Carey & Lea. 1823. 2 volumes, with atlas. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/accountofexpedit01jame (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/account02ofexpeditjame

JEWITT, JOHN R. Narrative of adventures and sufferings among the Indians of Nootka Sound. Ithaca, New York: Andrus, Gauntlett & Company. 1851. https://archive.org/details/narrativeofadven00jewi

JOGUES PAPERS, THE (1642-6); translated, with a memoir, by J. G. Shea. (Collections of the New York Historical Society, 2d series, volume 3. New York, 1857.)

JOHNSON, ELIAS, Tuscarora chief. Legends, traditions and laws of the Iroquois or six nations, and history of the Tuscarora Indians. Lockport. 1881. https://archive.org/details/cihm_24792 https://archive.org/details/bp_583763/page/3/mode/2up

JONES, Reverend PETER (KAHKEWAQUONABY). History of the Ojebway Indians. London: A. W. Bennett. 1861. https://archive.org/details/historyofojebway00jone

KEATING, WILLIAM H., comp. Narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's River, Lake Winnepeek, &c., in 1823, under command of Major Long. Philadelphia: Carey & Lea. 1824. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/narrativeofexped01keat https://archive.org/details/narrativeofanexp010860mbp/page/n7/mode/2up

KETCHUM, WILLIAM. Authentic and comprehensive history of Buffalo, with some account of its early inhabitants; comprising historic notices of the six nations [Senecas, chiefly]. Buffalo: Rockwell, Baker & Hill. 1864. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/anauthenticandc01ketcgoog (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/anauthenticandc00ketcgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/authenticcompreh02ketc

KIP, Reverend. WILLIAM INGRAHAM, compo. and translator. The early Jesuit missions in North America; from the letters of the Fr. Jesuits, with notes. New York: Wiley & Putnam. 1846. 2 volumes. Albany: J. Munsell. 1873. https://archive.org/details/earlyjesuitmissi00kip https://archive.org/details/earlyjesuitmissi00kipwrich

KOHL, J. G. Kitchi-gami; wanderings round Lake Superior [translated from the German]. [Ojibbewas.] London: Chapman & Hall. 1860. https://archive.org/details/kitchigamiwander00kohl/page/n7/mode/2up

LA ROCHEFOUCAULT LIANCOURT, Duc de. Travels through the United States, the country of the Iroquois and upper Canada, 1795-7. London. 1799. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/travelsthroughun01larorich

LE CLERCQ, Father CHRISTIAN. First establishment of the faith in New France (1691); now first translation, with notes, by John G. Shea. New York: J. G. Shea. 1881. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/firstestablishme01lecl (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/firstestablishme02lecl

LEWIS AND CLARKE. Journal to the Rocky Mountains., 1804-6, as related by Patrick Gass (1807). Dayton: Ells, Claflin & Company. 1847. https://archive.org/details/lewisclarksjourn00gassrich

LORD, JOHN K. The naturalist in Vancouver's Island and British Columbia, volume 2. London: Richard Bentley. 1866. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/naturalistinvanc01lord (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/naturalistinvanc00lord

LOSKIEL, GEORGE HENRY. History of the mission of the United Brethren among the Indians of North America; translated from the German by C. I. La Trobe. London 1794. https://archive.org/details/historyofmiss00losk https://archive.org/details/historyofmission01losk

LUMMIS, CHARLES. F. The land of poco tiempo [New Mexico]. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1893. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028915036

McKENNA, J. A. J. Indians of Canada. (Catholic World, 53: 350. 1891.)

McKENNEY, THOMAS. L. Sketches of a tour to the lakes [1826], the Chippeway Indians, etc. Baltimore: F. Lucas, Jr. 1827. https://archive.org/details/sketchesatourto01mckegoog

MARCY, Colonel R. B. Thirty years of army life on the border. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1866. https://archive.org/details/thirtyyearsofarm01marc

MARCY, Colonel. R. B., and GEORGE. D. McCLELLAN. Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana In 1852. [Comanches and Kiowas.] Washington. 1854. (House of Representatives, 33d congress, 1st session Ex. doc) https://archive.org/details/explorationredr00mcclgoog

MARSHALL, ORSAMUS H. Historical writings relating to the early history of the west; with introduction by William L. Stone. Albany: Joel Munsell's Sons. 1887. https://archive.org/details/historicalwritin01mars https://archive.org/details/historicalwriti00marsgoog/page/n21/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/cihm_09926

The Niagara frontier; read before the Buffalo Historical Club. February 27, 1865. [Buffalo: The author.] https://archive.org/details/niagarafrontiere00mars/page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/cihm_40160

MATTHEWS, WASHINGTON. Ethnography and philology of the Hidatsa Indians. Washington. 1877. (United States geographical and geological survey. F. V. Hayden in charge: miscellaneous publications. No.7.) https://archive.org/details/ethnographyandp00mattgoog https://archive.org/details/ethnographyandp01mattgoog https://archive.org/details/ethnographyphilo00mattrich https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_hid_morsyn-2

MEGAPOLENSIS, J., Jr. Short sketch of the Mohawk Indians in New Netherland (1644); translated, revised, with an introduction, by J. H. Brodhead. (Collections of the New York Historical Society. 2d series, volume 3. New York. 1857.)

MEMOIR OF THE PEQUOTS, etc. (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society., volume 10. Boston. 1800.)

MILLER, JOAQUIN. Unwritten history; life amongst the Modocs. Hartford: American Pub. Company. 1874. https://archive.org/details/amongstthemodocs00millrichs://archive.org/details/unwrittenhist00millrich https://archive.org/details/unwrittenhist00millrich

MILLER. WILLIAM. J. Notes concerning the Wampanoag tribe of Indians. Providence: S. S. Rider. 1880. https://archive.org/details/notesconcerningw00mill/page/n5/mode/2up

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MINER, LEWIS H. The valley of Wyoming. New York: Robert H. Johnston & Company. 1866. https://archive.org/details/valleywyomingro00minegoog https://archive.org/details/valleyofwyomingr00mine

MÖLLHAUSEN, BALDWIN. Diary of a journey from the Mississippi to the coasts of the Pacific, with a United States government expedition [1853-4]; translated by Mrs. Percy Sinnett. London: Longman. 1858. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/diaryajourneyfr00sinngoog/page/n10/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/Diaryjourneyfro11Moll

MORELET, ARTHUR. Travels in Central America; translated from the French by Mrs. M. F. Squier; introduction by M. G. Squier. London: Trübner & Company. 1871. New York: Henry Holt & Company. 1871. https://archive.org/details/travelsincentra00moregoog

MORGAN, LEWIS H. League of the Ho-dé-no-sau-nee, or Iroquois. Rochester: Sage & Brother. 1851. https://archive.org/details/leagueofhodnos00inmorg (2 volumes, 1922) https://archive.org/details/hodenosaunee00morgrich https://archive.org/details/leagueofhodnos00inmorg

Report on the fabrics, inventions, implements and utensils of the Iroquois, made to the regents of the university [of New York.], 1851.

NEW YORK STATE. Commissioners of Indian affairs, for the extinguishment of Indian titles. Proceedings, with introduction and notes by F. B. Hough. Albany: Joel Munsell. 1861. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofcom01newy (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofcom01newy_0 https://archive.org/details/bp_616923/page/n3/mode/2up

Regents of the university. Annual reports on the condition of the state cabinet of natural history and the historical and antiquarian collection. Albany.

Special committee to Investigate the Indian problem. Report. Albany. 1889.

NUTTALL, THOMAS. Journal of travels into the Arkansa territory, 1819. Philadelphia. T. H. Palmer. 1821. https://archive.org/details/journaloftravels00nutt https://archive.org/details/journaloftravels00nutt_0

OBER, F. A. Acoma, a picturesque pueblo. (American architect, 29: 65. 1890.)

PALFREY, JOHN GORHAM. Compendious history of New England. 1494-1775 (1884). volume 1. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. 4 volumes. https://archive.org/details/historynewengla23palfgoog (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/compendioushisto01palfuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/compendioushisto02palfuoft (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/compendioushisto03palfuoft (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/compendioushisto04palfuoft

PIDGEON, WILLIAM. Traditions of De-coo-dah, comprising extensive explorations, surveys and excavations of the remains of the mound builders in America. (1853). New York: Horace Thayer. 1858. https://archive.org/details/traditionsofdeco00inpidg

POWERS, STEPHEN. Tribes of California. Washington. 1877. (United States geographical and geological survey, Contributions to North American ethnology, volume 3.) https://archive.org/details/tribescaliforni00powegoog/page/n9/mode/2up

RAE, J. Indians of Hudson's Bay territories. (Journal of the Society of Arts, 30: 483. 1882.)

REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA [1881-2]. Washington. 1885. (House of Representatives, 48th congress, 2d session Ex. doc. 44.) https://archive.org/details/reportofpolar00inteuoft

RIGGS, Reverend Dr. STEPHEN R. Mary and I; forty years with the Sioux. Chicago: W. G. Holmes. 1880. https://archive.org/details/maryandifortyyea00riggrich

RINK, Dr. HENRY. The Eskimo tribes; their distribution and characteristics, with a comparative vocabulary (volume 11 of the "Middelelser om Gronland"). Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel. London: Williams & Norgate. 1887. https://archive.org/details/eskimotribesthei00rinkrich

Tales and traditions of the Eskimo, with a sketch of their habits, religions, language, etc. (1866-71); translated from the Danish by the author, edited by Dr. R. Brown. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons. 1875. https://archive.org/details/talestraditionso01rink

RONAN, PETER. Historical sketch of the Flathead Indian nation, 1813-1890. Helena: Journal Publishing Company. 1800. https://archive.org/details/historicalsketch00ronarich

RONDTHALER, Reverend EDWARD. Life of John Heckewelder; edited by B. H. Coates. Philadelphia: T. Ward. 1847. https://archive.org/details/lifeofjohnheckew00rondt

RUTTENBER. E. M. History of the Indian tribes of Hudson's River: their origin, manners, etc. Albany: J. Munsell. 1872. https://archive.org/details/ruttenberindians00ruttrich

SCHERMERHORN, J. F. Report, on the western Indians. (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society., 2d series, volume 2. Boston. 1814.) https://archive.org/details/correctviewoftha00sche

Personal memoirs of a residence of thirty years with the Indian tribes on the American frontiers, 1-12-1842 (1831). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. http://www.fullbooks.com/Personal-Memoirs-Of-A-Residence-Of-Thirty.html

SCHWEINITZ, EDMUND DE. Life and times of David Zeisberger, apostle of the Indians. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. 1870. https://archive.org/details/cihm_26078

SEAVER, JAS. E. Life of Mary Jemison: Deh-he-wä-mis (1842). New York: Miller, Orton & Mulligan. 1856. (1918) https://archive.org/details/narrativeoflifeo00seavuoft

SHEA, J. G. Inquiries respecting the lost neutral nation. (Schoolcraft's Information respecting the Indian tribes, part. 4.) See SCHOOLCRAFT, HENRY R.

SHELDON, WILLIAM. Account of the Caraibs. (Archæologia Americana, volume 1. Worcester: American Antiquarian Society. 1820.)

SIMPSON, JAMES H. Journal of a military reconnoissance from Santa Fe to the Navajo country, 1840. [Navajos and Pueblos.] Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Company. 1852. https://archive.org/details/journalamilitar00simpgoog

The shortest route to California, with some account of the Indian tribes [of Utah]. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. 1860. https://archive.org/details/shortestroutetoc00simp

SITGREAVES, Capt. L. Report of an expedition down the Zuni and Colorado rivers. Washington, 1854. (Senate ex. doc's, 33d congress, 1st session.) https://archive.org/details/reportanexpidit00sitggoog https://archive.org/details/reportanexpedit00engigoog

SKENANDOAH. Letters on the Iroquois; addressed to Albert Gallatin. (Reprinted in volume 2 of Craig's "The olden time." Pittsburgh: Wright & Charlton. 1848. 2 volumes.)

SMET, Father P. J. DE. Letters and sketches, with a narrative of a year's residence among the Indian tribes of the Rocky Mountains. Philadelphia: M. Fithian. 1843. https://archive.org/details/letterssketchesw00smet

Oregon missions and travels over the Rocky Mountains. 1845-6. New York: Edward Dunigan. 1847. https://archive.org/details/cihm_40687

Western missions and missionaries. New York: T. W. Strong. 1859. https://archive.org/details/westernmissionsm01smet/page/n7/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/westernmissionsm0000smet/page/n3/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/westernmissionsa00smetrich

SMITH, Capt. JOHN. Description of Virginia. General historie of Virginia. (Works, 1608-1631); edited by E. Arber, Birmingham. 1884.

SPRAGUE, JOHN T. The origin, progress, and conclusion of the Florida war. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1843. https://archive.org/details/originprogressa03spragoog

Historical and mythological traditions of the Algonquins, with a translation of the "Walumolum." (New York Historical Society.)

STONE, WILLIAM L. Life and times of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, or Red Jacket (1841). Albany: J. Munsell. 1866. https://archive.org/details/lifeandtimessag01stongoog

Life of Joseph Brant—Thayendanegea (1838). Albany: J. Munsell. 1865. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/lifeofjosephbran01ston (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/lifejosephbrant03stongoog

STRACHEY, WILLIAM. Historie of travaile into Virginia Britannia. (1618?). London: Hakluyt Society. 1849. https://archive.org/details/historietravail00majogoog

SWAN, JAMES G. The Haidah Indians of Queen Charlotte's Islands (1874). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 21. Washington. 1876.) https://archive.org/details/haidahindians00swanrich https://archive.org/details/cihm_23957

The Indians of Cape Flattery, Washington Territory. (1868). (Smithsonian contributions to knowledge, volume 16. Washington. 1870.) https://archive.org/details/indianscapeflatt00swanrich https://archive.org/details/b21914084

The northwest coast; or three years [1852-5] in Washington Territory. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1857. https://archive.org/details/northwestcoastor00swan

SULLIVAN, Honorable JAMES. History of the Penobscott Indians. (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society., volume 9. Boston. 1804.)

VETROMILE, EUGENE. The Abnaki Indians. (Collections of the Maine Historical Society., volume 6. Portland. 1859.) https://archive.org/details/abnakisandtheir00vetrgoog

The Abnakis and their history. New York: J. B. Kirker. 1866. https://archive.org/details/abnakistheirhist00vetr

WILLIAMSON, WILLIAM. D. Indian tribes in New England (1839) (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society., 3d series, volume 9. 1846.)

WILLIS, WILLIAM. The language of the Abnaquies or eastern Indians: appendix by C. E. Potter. (Collections of the Maine Historical Society, volume 4. Portland. 1856.)

WILSON, DANIEL. The Huron-Iroquois of Canada. (Translation Royal Society, Canada. 1884.) https://archive.org/details/cihm_29131/page/n5/mode/2up

ZEISBERGER, DAVID, Moravian Missionary, Ohio. Diary [1781-1798]; translated from the German and edited by E. F. Bliss. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company. 1885. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/diaryofdavid01zeisrich (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/diaryofdavid02zeisrich

ZYLYFF. The Ponca chiefs, an Indian's attempt to appeal from the tomahawk to the courts; with introduction by Inshtatheamba (Bright Eyes), and dedication by Wendell Phillips. Boston: Lockwood, Brooks & Company. 1880. https://archive.org/details/poncachiefsanin01tibbgoog

AUSTRIA.

GENERAL.

COXE, WILLIAM. History of the house of Austria, 1218-1792 (1807). London: H. G. Bohn. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofhouseof01coxeuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofhouseof02coxeiala (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofhouseof02coxeuoft (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofhouseof03coxeuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.458810

DUNHAM, S. A. History of the Germanic empire. London: Longman. 1834. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofgermani01dunhiala/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofgermani02dunhiala/page/n9/mode/2up (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofgermani03dunhiala/page/n7/mode/2up

DYER, THOMAS HENRY. History of modern Europe, 1453-1857. London: John Murray, 4 volumes; George Bell & Sons. 4 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofmodern01dyer (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.40858

FREEMAN, EDWARD A. The historical geography of Europe. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1881. 2 volumes. https://archive.org/details/b31349638 (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historicalgeog01free (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historicalgeogra01freeuoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historicalgeogra01free (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historicalgeogra02freeuoft

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GOULD, S. BARING. GOULD, S. BARING-GOULD. The story of Germany (Story of the nations). London: T. F. Unwin. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1886. https://archive.org/details/storyofgermany00bari/page/n11/mode/2up

HEEREN, A. H. L. A manual of the history of the political system of Europe and its colonies (1809); translated from the German. London: H. G. Bohn. (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501449/page/n1/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/manualofhistoryo00heerrich https://archive.org/details/manual00ofhistoryoheerrich

KOCH, CHRISTOPHER WILLIAM. The revolutions of Europe (1771); from the French. London: Whittaker & Company. 1839. https://archive.org/details/revolutionseurop00koch

KOHLRAUSCH, FRIEDRICH. History of Germany (1816); [translated by J. D. Haas]. London: Chapman & Hall. 1844. https://archive.org/details/ahistorygermany00haasgoog New York: Appleton. 1845. https://archive.org/details/ahistorygermany00haasgoog

LATHAM, ROBERT. G. Ethnology of Europe. London: J. Van Voorst. 1852. https://archive.org/details/ethnologyofeurop00lathuoft/page/n5/mode/2up

The nationalities of Europe. volume 2. London: W. H. Allen & Company. 1863. 2 volumes. (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.31028

LAVISSE, ERNEST. General view of the political history of Europe; translated by Charles Gross. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1891. https://archive.org/details/generalviewofpol00laviiala https://archive.org/details/generalviewofpol00lavi https://archive.org/details/generalviewpoli01grosgoog

LEGER, LOUIS. History of Austro-Hungary (1666; 2d edition., 1878-88); translated by Mrs. Birkbeck Hill. London: Rivingtons. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. https://archive.org/details/historyofaustroh00lege https://archive.org/details/ahistoryaustroh00hillgoog

LEWIS, CHARLTON T. History of Germany. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1874. https://archive.org/details/historyofgermany00lewi https://archive.org/details/ahistorygermany00unkngoog

LODGE, RICHARD. History of modern Europe, 1453-1878. London: J. Murray. 1885. New York: Harper Brothers. https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderne00lodguoft https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderne017244mbp https://archive.org/details/cu31924027987092

MALLESON, G. B. Lost opportunities of the house of Austria (Royal Historical Society Papers, volume 12, page 225).

MENZEL, WOLFGANG. History of Germany (1824-5); translated from 4th German edition by Mrs. G. Horrocks. London: H. G. Bohn. 1848. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofgermany01menzuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofgermany02menzuoft (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofgermany03menzuoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historygermanyf00menzgoog

MICHELET, JULES. A summary of modern history (1827); translated and continued by M. C. M. Simpson. London: Macmillan & Co. 1875. https://archive.org/details/asummarymodernh00michgoog https://archive.org/details/summaryofmodernh00michuoft

RUSSELL, WILLIAM. History of modern Europe (1779). London: George Routledge & Sons. 4 volumes. Whittaker & Company. 4 volume New York: Harper Brothers. 3 volumes. (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historymoderneu01jonegoog

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SIME, JAMES. History of Germany. London: Macmillan & Company. 1874. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1874. https://archive.org/details/historyofgermany00simerich https://archive.org/details/historygermany00simegoog https://archive.org/details/historyofgermany0000unse_n7z0/page/n7/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/historyofgermany00sime https://archive.org/details/historyofgermany00simeuoft

SMYTH, WILLIAM. Lectures on modern history (1840). London: H. G. Bohn. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.3073 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.2173

TURNER, SAMUEL EPES. Sketch of the Germanic constitution from early times to the dissolution of the empire. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1888. https://archive.org/details/asketchgermanic01turngoog

VOLTAIRE, F. M. AROUET DE. Annals of the empire, from the time of Charlemagne (Works, translated by Smollett and others, 1761, volumes 20-22). (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/annalsoftheempir01voltuoft

MEDIÆVAL.

BUSK, Mrs. WILLIAM. Mediæval popes, emperors, kings and crusaders. London: Hookham & Sons. 1854-6. 4 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/medivalpopesem01buskuoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/medivalpopesemp01buskgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/medivalpopesem02buskuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/MediaevalPopesEmperorsKingsCrusadersV2 (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/medivalpopesemp00buskgoog (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/medivalpopesem03buskuoft (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/medivalpopesem04buskuoft (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/MediaevalPopesEmperorsKingsCrusadersV4

COMYN, Sir ROBERT. History of the western empire, from Charlemagne to Charles V. [800-1520], London: W. H. Allen & Company. 1841. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historywesterne01unkngoog (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historywesterne02unkngoog/page/n7/mode/2up

DURUY, VICTOR. The history of the middle ages (1839); translated by E. H. and M. D. Whitney, with notes and revisions by G. B. Adams. New York: Henry Holt & Company. 1891. https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea00dur https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea00duru https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea00duruuoft https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169467

HENDERSON, ERNEST F., Select historical documents of the middle ages. London: George Bell & Sons. 1892. New York: Macmillan & Company. https://archive.org/details/selecthistorical00hendiala https://archive.org/details/ErnestF.HendersonSelectHistoricalDocumentsOfTheMiddleAges https://archive.org/details/cu31924014186161 https://archive.org/details/selectdocuments00hend https://archive.org/details/cu31924014186526

STUBBS, WILLIAM. Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1886. New York: MacMillan & Company. 1887. https://archive.org/details/seventeenlecture00stub https://archive.org/details/cu31924027811011

The Constitutional History of England in Its Origin and Development https://archive.org/details/constitutionalh04stubgoog

The Early Plantagenets https://archive.org/details/earlyplantagenet01stub

16TH-17TH CENTURIES. REFORMATION. THIRTY YEARS WAR.

CUST, Sir EDWARD, Lives of the warriors of the thirty years' war. London: John Murray. 1865. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/livesofwarriorspt1custuoft/page/n3/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/livesofwarriorspt2custuoft

GINDELY, ANTON. History of the thirty years' war (1869-80): translated by A. Ten Brook. London: Richard Bentley & Son. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1884. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historythirtyye01broogoog

MARTIN, HENRI. History of France: age of Louis XIV.(1860); translated by Mrs. Booth. Boston: Walker, Wise & Company. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nW0PAAAAYAAJ (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_T30PAAAAYAAJ

MAXWELL, Sir WILLIAM STIRLING. Don John of Austria, 1547-78. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1883. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/donjohnofaustria01stiriala (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/donjohnofaustria02stiruoft

MITCHELL, Lieut.-Colonel J. Life of Wallenstein. London: Jas. Fraser. 1837. https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.94161

PRAET, JULES VAN. Essays on the political history of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries; [translated] edited by Sir Edmund Head. London: Richard Bentley. 1868. https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.77834

RANKE, LEOPOLD VON. Ferdinand I. and Maximilian II. of Austria (1832); translated by Lady Duff Gordon. London: Longman. (1853) https://archive.org/details/FerdinandIAndMaximilianIIOfAustria/page/n5/mode/2up

History of the Latin and Teutonic nations, 1494-1514 (1824); translated from the German by Philip A. Ashworth. London: George Bell & Sons. 1887. (1887) https://archive.org/details/historyoflatinte01rank (1909) https://archive.org/details/historyoflatinte00rankiala (1915) https://archive.org/details/historyoflatinte00rankrich

History of the reformation in Germany (1839-43); translated by Sarah Austin. London: Longman. 1845-7. 3 volumes. (1905) https://archive.org/details/historyreformat02rankgoog/page/n6/mode/2up

ROBERTSON, WILLIAM. History of the reign of the emperor Charles V. (1769); with life of the emperor after his abdication, by W. H. Prescott (1857). London: George Routledge & Sons. 2 volumes. (Volume 1)https://archive.org/details/historyreignemp42robegoog (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofreign01robe (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/reignofemperorch02robe https://archive.org/details/historyreignemp27robegoog/page/n10/mode/2up

Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofreignof1864robe (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofreignof02robe (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofreignof03robe

New York: Hopkins & Seymore (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofreignof01robguat/page/n11/mode/2up (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofreignof03roguat/page/n11/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/historyreignemp32robegoog/page/n6/mode/2up (Complete) https://archive.org/details/historyofreignof00roberich

TRENCH, RICHARD C. Gustavus Adolphus in Germany. London: Macmillan & Company, 2d edition. 1872. (Volume 1)https://archive.org/details/historyreignemp27robegoog/page/n10/mode/2up

18TH CENTURY.

BRACKENBURY. Colonel. C. B. Frederick the great. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1884. https://archive.org/details/frederickgreat00bracrich

BROGLIE, Duc de. Frederick the great and Maria Theresa (1882); translated by Mrs. Hoey and J. Lillie. London: Low, Marston & Company. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/frederickgreatma01brogiala (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/frederickgreatma02brogiala

CARLYLE, THOMAS. History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, called Frederick the great (1858).

London: Chapman & Hall. (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyfriedric37carlgoog (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyfriedric27carlgoog (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyfriedric47carlgoog (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyfriedric57carlgoog

New York: Dana Estes and Charles E. Lauriat (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyoffriedri01carl/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyoffriedri02carl (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyoffriedri03carl (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyoffriedri04carl (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyoffriedri05carl (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/historyoffriedri06carl

New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyfriedric54carlgoog/page/n12/mode/2up (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/historyfriedric51carlgoog/page/n8/mode/2up

Leipzig: Bernard Tauchnitz (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/historyfriedric10carlgoog

CUST, Sir Edward. Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century. London: John Murray. 1862. 5 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/annalswarseight05custgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/annalswarseight00custgoog/page/n4/mode/2up (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/annalswarseight03custgoog (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/annalswarseight04custgoog (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.106238/page/n1/mode/2up

DOVER, Lord. Life of Frederick II., King of Prussia. London: Longman. 1831. New York: Harper & Brothers. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/lifeoffredericse01doveuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/lifefredericsec08dovegoog/page/n8/mode/2up

FREDERICK II. (called the great). History of my own times [1740-1745]. (Posthumous works; translated by Thomas Holcroft. Volume 1. London. 1789. 13 volumes.) (Part 1) https://archive.org/details/vol2historyofmyo00fred (Part 2) https://archive.org/details/vol3historyofmyo00fred

See CARLYLE, THOMAS for mant other volumes.

GERARD, JAMES W. The peace of Utrecht, 1713-14. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1885. https://archive.org/details/cu31924027872021 https://archive.org/details/peaceutrechtahi00geragoog

KUGLER, FRANCIS. Pictorial history of Germany during the reign of Frederick the great (1842); [translated from the German.]. London: H. G. Bohn. https://archive.org/details/pictorialhistor00menzgoog

LECKY, WILLIAM EDWARD HARTPOLE History of England in the 18th century. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1878-90. 8 volumes. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1878-90. 8 volumes. https://archive.org/details/historyofengland06leck/page/n7/mode/2up

LONGMAN, F. W. Frederick the great and the seven years' war. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1881. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.41356 https://archive.org/details/frederickgreatse01long

MACAULAY, Lord. Essays: Frederick the great (1842). London: Longmans, Green & Company. Boston: Estes & Lauriat. 3 volumes. New York: Maynard, Merrill, &: Co. https://archive.org/details/essayonfredericg00maca/page/n5/mode/2up

MALLESON, Colonel. G. B. Loudon [Austrian fieldmarshal, 1743-1790]. London: Chapman & Hall. 1884.

MALLET, CHARLES EDWARD. The French revolution. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1893. (1897) https://archive.org/details/frenchrevolution00malluoft (1893) https://archive.org/details/frenchrevolution00mallrich (1893) https://archive.org/details/cu31924031498128/page/n9/mode/2up

MIGNET, FRANÇOIS A. M. History of the French revolution, 1789-1814 (1824); translated from the French. London: George Bell & Sons. https://archive.org/details/historyoffrenchr00migniala https://archive.org/details/historyfrenchre03conggoog

RAUMER, FREDERICK VON. Contributions to modern history: Frederick II. and his times. London: Charles Knight & Company. 1837. https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.91064

SCHLOSSER, F. C. History of the eighteenth century, etc.; translated by D. Davison. London: Chapman & Hall. 1843-52. 8 volumes. (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyeighteen03schlgoog (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyeighteen08schlgoog (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyeighteen01schlgoog/page/n6/mode/2up (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/historyeighteen02schlgoog/page/n5/mode/2up

STANHOPE, Earl (Lord Mahon). History of England 1713-1783 (1836-53). London: John Murray. 7 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofengland01stan (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofengland02stan (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofengland03stan/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyofengland04stan (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyofengland05stan/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/historyofengland07stan/page/n5/mode/2up

Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz 1853 (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4CFTAAAAcAAJ

STEPHENS, H. MORSE. History of the French revolution. Volumes 1-2. London: Rivingtons. 1880. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1886-91. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyoffrenchr01stepiala (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924024309480

THIERS, LOUIS ADOLPHE. History of the French revolution (1827); translated by F. Shoberl (1854). New York: D. Appleton & Co. 4 volumes. London: Richard Bentley & Son. 5 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyoffrench01thieuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyoffrench02thieuoft (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/v3a4historyoffren03thieuoft (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyoffrench04thieuoft (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyoffrench05thieuoft

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19TH CENTURY: EARLY AND GENERAL.

ADAMS, Major CHARLES. Great campaigns in Europe from 1796 to 1870; edited by C. C. King. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons. 1877. https://archive.org/details/greatcampaignssu00adam

ALISON, Sir ARCHIBALD. History of Europe, 1789-1815 (1842). 10 volumes. (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyeuropefr04alisgoog/page/n8/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/historyeuropefr37alisgoog

History of Europe, 1815-1852 (1857). 6 volumes.

Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons. New York: Harper & Brothers.

(Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofeurope701alisuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef02alis (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofeurope703alisuoft (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropefc04alis (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyofeurope705alisuoft (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/historyofeurope706alisuoft (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/historyofeurope707alisuoft (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef08alisuoft (Volume 9) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef09alisuoft (Volume 9) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef09alis (Volume 11) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef11alisiala (Volume 12) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef12alisuoft (Volume 13) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef13alisuoft (Volume 14) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef14alisuoft (Volume 15) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef15alisuoft (Volume 16) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef16alisuoft (Volume 17) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef17alisuoft (Volume 20) https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropef00alisuoft

AUSTRIA. (North British Review, 44: 27. 1866.)

AUSTRIAN NATIONALITIES AND AUSTRIAN POLICY: by J. W. W. (Fraser's Magazine., 52: 163. 1855).

DUFF, MOUNTSTUART E. GRANT-. Studies in European politics. Edinburgh: Edmonston &: Douglas. 1866. https://archive.org/details/studiesineurope01duffgoog https://archive.org/details/studiesineurope00duffgoog https://archive.org/details/cu31924027804248 https://archive.org/details/studiesineuropea00granrich

JOURNAL OF A NOBLEMAN: his residence at Vienna during the congress. London. Philadelphia. 1833.

KELLY, WALTER K. History of the house of Austria [1792-1848]. And Genesis or the late Austrian revolution: by an officer of state [Count Hartig]: translated from the German. London: H. G. Bohn. 1853. https://archive.org/details/historyofhouseof00kell

KOHL, J. G. Austria. London: Chapman & Hall. 1844. https://archive.org/details/austriaviennapr00kohlgoog

KRAUSE, GUSTAV. The growth of German unity. London: David Nutt. 1892.

LANFREY, P. History of Napoleon I. [translated from the French.]. London: Macmillan & Company. 1871-1879. 4 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofnapoleo01lanfuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyofnapole02lanf (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cu31924024344834 (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/historyofnapoleo03lanfuoft (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/cu31924024344842 (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/historyofnapoleo04lanfuoft

MALLESON, Colonel George Bruce Life of Prince Metternich (Statesmen series). London: W. H. Allen & Company. 1888. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott &: Co. https://archive.org/details/lifeofprincemett00mall https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181131/page/n3/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/lifeofprincemet00mall https://archive.org/details/lifeofprincemett00malluoft (Audio) https://archive.org/details/life_of_prince_metternich_1611_librivox/lifeofprincemetternich_01_malleson_128kb.mp3

METTERNICH, Prince. Memoirs [1773-1835]: translated by Mrs. Alexander Napier. London: Bentley & Son. 1880. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. https://archive.org/details/memoirsofprincem02mettuoft/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.85236/page/ii/mode/2up

MICHIELS, ALFRED, compiler. Secret history of the Austrian government. London: Chapman & Hall. 1859. https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryau00michgoog

MÜLLER, W. Political history of recent times, 1816-1875: translated [and continued to 1881] by John P. Peters. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1882. https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory00mulliala https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory00mluoft https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory00ml https://archive.org/details/politicalhistor00mlgoog https://archive.org/details/politicalhistor00petegoog

ROSE, J. H. A century of continental history, 1780-1880. London: Edward Stanford. 1889. https://archive.org/details/cu31924031187804

STEPHENS, H. MORSE. Europe, 1789-1815. London: Macmillan &: Company. 1893. https://archive.org/details/europestephens00step

THIERS, ADOLPH. History of the consulate and the empire of France under Napoleon (1845-62); translated by D. F. Campbell and H. W. Herbert. London: George Bell & Sons (Bohn). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. 5 volumes.

Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company. 1894. 12 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire01thieiala (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyconsulate02thieiala (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire03thieiala (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire04thieiala (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/historyofconsula05thieiala (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire06thieiala (Volume 7) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire07thieiala (Volume 8) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire08thieiala (Volume 9) https://archive.org/details/historyofconsula09thieiala (Volume 10) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire10thieiala (Volume 11) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire11thieiala (Volume 12) https://archive.org/details/consulateempire12thieiala

TURNBULL, PETER EVAN Austria, volume 2. London: J. Murray. 1840. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/austria01turngoog/page/n10/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/austria02turngoog/page/n8/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/austria03turngoog/page/n6/mode/2up

VEHSE, E. Memoirs of the court, aristocracy and diplomacy of Austria; translated by Franz Demmler. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1856. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memoirsofcourtof01vehs (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/memoirsofcourtar02vehs (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memoirscourtari00vehsgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cu31924088019769

WEIR, ARCHIBALD. The historical basis of modern Europe, 1760-1815. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Company. 1886. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501799 https://archive.org/details/cu31924027892375/page/n7/mode/2up

WHITMAN, SIDNEY. The realm of the Habsburgs. London: William Heinemann. 1893. https://archive.org/details/realmofhabsburgs00whituoft https://archive.org/details/realmofhabsburgs00whit/page/n9/mode/2up

AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, AND THE LESSER PROVINCES.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. (Edinburgh Review, 90: 230. 1849.)

AUSTRIA IN 1848-9. (Edinburgh Review, 174: 440. 1891.)

BONER, CHARLES. Transylvania. London: Longmans. 1865. https://archive.org/details/transylvaniaits00bonegoog

BRACE, CHARLES LORING. Hungary in 1851. New York: Charles Scribner. 1852. https://archive.org/details/hungaryin1851wit01brac https://archive.org/details/hungaryinwithan00bracgoog

FELBERMANN, LOUIS. Hungary and its people. London: Griffith, Farran & Company. 1892. https://archive.org/details/hungaryitspeople00felb

FITZMAURICE, EDMOND. Home rule in Austria. (Nineteenth Century, 19: 443. 1886.)

FORSTER, FLORENCE A. Francis Deak, Hungarian statesman: a memoir, with a preface by M. E. Grant Duff. London: Macmillan & Company. 1880. https://archive.org/details/francisdekhung00arnoiala https://archive.org/details/francisdekhunga00forgoog

GODKIN, EDWIN LAWRENCE History of Hungary and the Magyars. London: Cassell & Company. 1858. https://archive.org/details/historyofhungary00godkiala/page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/historyhungarya00godkgoog

GÖRGEI, ARTHUR. My life and acts in Hungary, 1848-9 (1851); translated. London: D. Bogue. New York: Harper & Brothers. https://archive.org/details/mylifeactsinhung00grrich

HOFER, ANDREW, Memoirs of the life of: containing an account of the transactions in the Tyrol, 1809: [translated] from the German, by C. H. Hall. London: John Murray. 1820. https://archive.org/details/memoirslifeandr00unkngoog

KAY, DAVID. Home rule in Austria-Hungary. (Nineteenth Century, 19: 41. 1886.) https://archive.org/details/austriahungary00kayd

KLAPKA, General GEORGE. Memoirs of the war of independence in Hungary: translated by O. Wenckstern. London: C. Gilpin. 1850. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/memoirswarindep00wencgoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/memoirswarindep01klapgoog

PAGET, JOHN. Travels in Hungary and Transylvania (1839). London: John Murray. Philadelphia: Lea &: Blanchard. 1850. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.36331/page/n5/mode/2up (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/agw0321.0001.001.umich.edu/page/II/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/hungarytransylva02pageuoft/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/agw0321.0002.001.umich.edu/page/n9/mode/2up

PARDOE, Miss JULIA. The city of the Magyar, or Hungary and her institutions in 1839-40. London: G. Virtue. 1840. 3 volumes. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_City_of_the_Magyar.html?id=S-gDAAAAQAAJ

PATON, A. A. Highlands and islands of the Adriatic. London: Chapman & Hall. 1849. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/highlandsislands00pato/page/n7/mode/2up (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_dzbNcsnbcOYC

PATTERSON, ARTHUR J. The Magyars: their country and institutions. London: Smith, Elder & Company. 1869. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/magyarstheircou06johngoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/magyarstheircou01pattgoog/page/n6/mode/2up

PLANTA, JOSEPH. History of the Helvetic confederacy. London. 1800. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyofhelveti01planuoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/historyhelvetic02plangoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/historyhelvetic00plangoog

PRICE, BONAMY. Austria and Hungary. (Fraser's Magazine, 65: 384. 1862.)

STILES, WILLIAM. H. Austria in 1848-49. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1852-3. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924088020130 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/cu31924088020148

SZABAD, EMERIC. Hungary, past and present. Edinburgh: A. & C. Black. 1854. https://archive.org/details/hungarypastandp00szabgoog/page/n4/mode/2up

AUSTRIA AND ITALY.

ARRIVABENE, Count CHARLES. Italy under Victor Emmanuel. London: Hurst & Blackett. 1862. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/italyundervicto02arrigoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/italyundervicto01arrigoog

AUSTRIA, FRANCE AND ITALY. (Edinburgh Review., 109: 286. 1859.)

AUSTRIANS AND ITALY, The. (Eclectic Magazine, 47: 538. 1859.)

GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE. Autobiography: translated by A. Werner, with a supplement by Jessie White Mario. London: Walter Smith & Innes. 1889. 3 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/autobiography01gariuoft (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/autobiographygi00garigoog (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/autobiographygi02garigoog

ITALY AND THE WAR OF 1866. (Westminster Review., 87: 275. 1867.)

MAZADE, CHARLES DE. Life of Count Cavour. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1877. https://archive.org/details/lifeofcountcavou00mazarich

O'CLERY, PATRICK KEYES (The Chevalier O'Clery). The history of the Italian revolution: 1st period, 1796-1849. London: R. Washbourne. 1875. https://archive.org/details/historyitalianr00oclgoog/page/n8/mode/2up

The making of Italy. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench &: Company. 1892. https://archive.org/details/makingofitaly18500oclerich https://archive.org/details/makingitaly00oclgoog https://archive.org/details/makingofitaly0000ocle/page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/makingitaly01oclgoog

PROBYN, JOHN W. Italy, 1815-1890. London: Cassell & Company. 1891. https://archive.org/details/italyfromfallofn00probuoft https://archive.org/details/italyfromfallna00probgoog https://archive.org/details/italyfromfallna01probgoog/italyfromfallna01probgoog

STUART, R. The Austro-Italian alliance. (Contemporary Review., 40: 921. 1881.)

THAYER, WILLIAM ROSCOE. The dawn of Italian Independence, 1814-1849. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company. 1893. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/dawnofitalianind01thayiala (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/dawnofitalianind02thayuoft (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/cu31924082152400

WRIGHTSON, RICHARD HEBER A history of modern Italy [1800-50]. London: Richard Bentley. 1855. https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.14113 https://archive.org/details/ahistorymoderni00wriggoog

AUSTRIA AND GERMANY.

CHESNEY, C. C. The campaign [of 1866] in western Germany. (Blackwood's Magazine, 101: 68. 1867.)

DICEY, EDWARD. The battlefields of 1866. London: Tinsley Brothers. 1866. https://archive.org/details/battlefields00dicegoog

The campaign [of 1866] in Germany. (Macmillan's Magazine, 14: 386. 1866.)

DICEY, EDWARD T. The campaign [of 1866] in Italy. (Macmillan's Magazine, 14: 241. 1866.)

GERMANIC CONFEDERATION and the Austrian empire, The. (Quarterly Review, 84: 425. 1849.)

HOZIER, H. M. The seven weeks' war [1866]. London: Macmillan & Company. 1867. 2 volumes. (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.238477 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.45879

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LOWE, CHARLES. Prince Bismarck; an historical biography. London: Cassell & Company. 1885. 2 volumes. https://archive.org/details/princebismarkhis00lowe (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/princebismarckhi01loweiala (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/princebismarcka01lowegoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/princebismarcka02lowegoog

MALET, Sir ALEXANDER. The overthrow of the Germanic confederation. 1866. London: Longmans, Green & Company. 1870. https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.77288/page/iii/mode/2up

MALLESON, Colonel. G. B. Battle-fields of Germany. London: W. H. Allen & Company. 1884. https://archive.org/details/battlefieldsofge00malluoft

The refounding of the German empire. 1848-71. London: Seeley & Company. 1893. https://archive.org/details/refoundingofgerm00mall

PRUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1806. (Edinburgh Review, 125: 187. 1867.)

RECONSTRUCTION OF GERMANY, The. (North British Review, 51: 133. 1869.)

SIMON, EDOUARD. The emperor William and his reign: from the French. London: Remington & Company. 1886. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/emperorwilliama00simogoog (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/emperorwilliama01simogoog

SYBEL, HEINRICH VON. The founding of the German empire by William I.; based chiefly upon Prussian state documents: translated by M. L. Perrin and G. Bradford, Jr. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Company. 1890-1. 5 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman01sybe (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman02sybe (Volume 3) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman03sybe (Volume 4) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman04sybe (Volume 5) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman05sybe (Volume 6) https://archive.org/details/foundingofgerman06sybe

AUSTRIA AND THE SOUTHEASTERN STATES.

AUSTRIA, GERMANY AND THE EASTERN QUESTION. (Fraser's Magazine, 96: 407. 1877.)

AUSTRIA'S POLICY IN THE EAST. (Macmillan's Magazine, 53: 17. 1885.)

BOURCHIER, John David The sentinel of the Balkans. (Fortnightly Review., 52: 806. 1889.)

CAILLARD, VINCENT. The Bulgarian imbroglio. (Fortnightly Review, 44: 740. 1885.)

FREEMAN; EDWARD A. The house of Habsburg in south-eastern Europe. (Fortnightly Review., 51: 839. 1889.)

The position of the Austrian power in south-eastern Europe. (Contemporary Review., 41: 727. 1882.)

THE RECONSTRUCTED EMPIRE: ITS REFORMS AND POLICY.

AUSTRIA AND HER REFORMS. (Westminster Review. 75: 503. 1801.)

AUSTRIA SINCE SADOWA. (Quarterly Review., 131: 90. 1871.)

AUSTRIA: qu'est que c'est l'Austrie? (Edinburgh Review, 40: 298. 1824.)

AUSTRIAN CONSTITUTIONALISM. (Westminster Review, 79: 333. 1863.)

BEUST, FRIEDRICH F. Count VON. Memoirs [1830-1885]. London: Remington & Company. 2 volumes. (Volume 1) https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.92139 (Volume 2) https://archive.org/details/memoirsfriedric00beusgoog

BOURCHIER, J. D. The heritage of the Hapsburgs. (Fortnightly Review, 51: 377. 1889.)

DILKE, Sir CHARLES W. Position of European politics, 1887. London: Chapman & Hall. 1887. https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.91722

DUALISM IN AUSTRIA. (Westminster Review, 88: 431. 1867.)

FOREIGN POLICY AND INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. (Foreign Quarterly Review, 18: 257. 1837.)

NATIONAL LIFE AND THOUGHT. London: T. F. Unwin. 1891.

—————Volume 1: End————

—————Volume 2: Start————

LIST OF MAPS.

Map of Europe at the close of the Tenth Century, To follow page 1020.

Map of Europe in 1768, To follow page 1086.

Four maps of France, A. D. 1154, 1180, 1814 and 1860, To follow page 1168.

Two maps of Central Europe, A. D. 848 and 888, On page 1404.

Map of Germany at the Peace of Westphalia, To follow page 1486.

Maps of Germany, A. D. 1815 and 1866; of the Netherlands, 1880-1889; and of the Zollverein, To follow page 1540

LOGICAL OUTLINES, IN COLORS.

English history, To follow page 730.

French history, To follow page 1158. German history, To follow page 1428.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES.

The Fifth Century, On page 1433. The Sixth Century, On page 1434.

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EL DORADO, The quest of.

"When the Spaniards had conquered and pillaged the civilized empires on the table lands of Mexico, Bogota, and Peru, they began to look round for new scenes of conquest, new sources of wealth; the wildest rumours were received as facts, and the forests and savannas, extending for thousands of square miles to the eastward of the cordilleras of the Andes, were covered, in imagination, with populous kingdoms, and cities filled with gold. The story of El Dorado, of a priest or king smeared with oil and then coated with gold dust, probably originated in a custom which prevailed among the civilized Indians of the plateau of Bogota; but El Dorado was placed, by the credulous adventurers, in a golden city amidst the impenetrable forests of the centre of South America, and, as search after search failed, his position was moved further and further to the eastward, in the direction of Guiana. El Dorado, the phantom god of gold and silver, appeared in many forms. … The settlers at Quito and in Northern Peru talked of the golden empire of the Omaguas, while those in Cuzco and Charcas dreamt of the wealthy cities of Paytiti and Enim, on the banks of a lake far away, to the eastward of the Andes. These romantic fables, so firmly believed in those old days led to the exploration of vast tracts of country, by the fearless adventurers of the sixteenth century, portions of which have never been traversed since, even to this day. The most famous searches after El Dorado were undertaken from the coast of Venezuela, and the most daring leaders of these wild adventures were German knights."

C. R. Markham, Introduction to Simon's Account of the Expedition of Ursua and Aguirre (Hakluyt Society 1861).

"There were, along the whole coast of the Spanish Main, rumours of an inland country which abounded with gold. These rumours undoubtedly related to the kingdoms of Bogota and Tunja, now the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. Belalcazar, who was in quest of this country from Quito, Federman, who came from Venezuela, and Gonzalo Ximenez de Quesada, who sought it by way of the River Madalena, and who effected its conquest, met here. But in these countries also there were rumours of a rich land at a distance; similar accounts prevailed in Peru; in Peru they related to the Nuevo Reyno, there they related to Peru; and thus adventurers from both sides were allured to continue the pursuit after the game was taken. An imaginary kingdom was soon shaped out as the object of their quest, and stories concerning it were not more easily invented than believed. It was said that a younger brother of Atabalipa fled, after the destruction of the Incas, took with him the main part of their treasures, and founded a greater empire than that of which his family had been deprived. Sometimes the imaginary Emperor was called the Great Paytite, sometimes the Great Moxo, sometimes the Enim or Great Paru. An impostor at Lima affirmed that he had been in his capital, the city of Manoa, where not fewer than 3,000 workmen were employed in the silversmiths' street; he even produced a map of the country, in which he had marked a hill of gold, another of silver, and a third of salt. … This imaginary kingdom obtained the name of El Dorado from the fashion of its Lord, which has the merit of being in savage costume. His body was anointed every morning with a certain fragrant gum of great price, and gold dust was then blown upon him, through a tube, till he was covered with it: the whole was washed off at night. This the barbarian thought a more magnificent and costly attire than could be afforded by any other potentate in the world, and hence the Spaniards called him El Dorado, or the Gilded One. A history of all the expeditions which were undertaken for the conquest of his kingdom would form a volume not less interesting than extraordinary."

R. Southey, History of Brazil, volume 1, chapter 12.

The most tragical and thrilling of the stories of the seekers after El Dorado is that which Mr. Markham introduces in the quotation above, and which Southey has told with full details in The Expedition of Orsua; and the Crimes of Aguirre. The most famous of the expeditions were those in which Sir Walter Raleigh engaged, and two of which he personally led—in 1595, and in 1617-18. Released from his long imprisonment in the Tower to undertake the latter, he returned from it, broken and shamed, to be sent to the scaffold as a victim sacrificed to the malignant resentment of Spain. How far Raleigh shared in the delusion of his age respecting El Dorado, and how far he made use of it merely to promote a great scheme for the "expansion of England," are questions that will probably remain forever in dispute.

Sir Walter Raleigh, Discoverie of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana (Hakluyt Society 1848).

ALSO IN: J. A. Van Heuvel, El Dorado.

E. Edwards, Life of Raleigh, volume 1, chapters 10 and 25.

P. F. Tytler, Life of Raleigh, chapters 3 and 6.

E. Gosse, Raleigh, chapters 4 and 9.

A. F. Bandelier, The gilded man.

ELECTORAL COLLEGE, The Germanic: Its rise and constitution. Its secularization and extinction.

See GERMANY: A. D. 1125-1152, and 1347-1493; also, 1801-1803, and 1805-1806.

ELECTORAL COMMISSION, The.

See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1876-1877.

ELECTORS, Presidential, of the United States of America.

See PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

ELECTRICAL DISCOVERY AND INVENTION.

"Electricity, through its etymology at least, traces its lineage back to Homeric times. In the Odyssey reference is made to the 'necklace hung with bits of amber' presented by the Phœnician traders to the Queen of Syra. Amber was highly prized by the ancients, having been extensively used as an ornamental gem, and many curious theories were suggested as to its origin. Some of these, although mythical, were singularly near the truth, and it is an interesting coincidence that in the well-known myth concerning the ill-fated and rash youth who so narrowly escaped wrecking the solar chariot and the terrestrial sphere, amber, the first known source of electricity, and the thunder-bolts of Jupiter are linked together. It is not unlikely that this substance was indebted, for some of the romance that clung to it through ages, to the fact that when rubbed it attracts light bodies. This property it was known to possess in the earliest times: it is the one single experiment in electricity which has come down to us from the remotest antiquity. … The power of certain fishes, notably what is known as the 'torpedo,' to produce electricity, was known at an early period, and was commented on by Pliny and Aristotle. {770} … Up to the sixteenth [century] there seems to have been no attempt to study electrical phenomena in a really scientific manner. Isolated facts which almost thrust themselves upon observers, were noted, and, in common with a host of other natural phenomena, were permitted to stand alone, with no attempt at classification, generalization, or examination through experiment. … Dr. Gilbert can justly be called the creator of the science of electricity and magnetism. His experiments were prodigious in number, and many of his conclusions were correct and lasting. To him we are indebted for the name 'electricity,' which he bestowed upon the power or property which amber exhibited in attracting light bodies, borrowing the name from the substance itself, in order to define one of its attributes. … This application of experiment to the study of electricity, begun by Gilbert three hundred years ago, was industriously pursued by those who came after him, and the next two centuries witnessed a rapid development of science. Among the earlier students of this period were the English philosopher, Robert Boyle, and the celebrated burgomaster of Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke. The latter first noted the sound and light accompanying electrical excitation. These were afterwards independently discovered by Dr. Wall, an Englishman, who made the somewhat prophetic observation, 'This light and crackling seems in some degree to represent thunder and lightning.' Sir Isaac Newton made a few experiments in electricity, which he exhibited to the Royal Society. … Francis Hawksbee was an active and useful contributor to experimental investigation, and he also called attention to the resemblance between the electric spark and lightning. The most ardent student of electricity in the early years of the eighteenth century was Stephen Gray. He performed a multitude of experiments, nearly all of which added something to the rapidly accumulating stock of knowledge, but doubtless his most important contribution was his discovery of the distinction between conductors and non-conductors. … Some of Gray's papers fell into the hands of Dufay, an officer of the French army, who, after several years' service, had resigned his post to devote himself to scientific pursuits. … His most important discovery was the existence of two distinct species of electricity, which he named 'vitreous' and 'resinous.' … A very important advance was made in 1745 in the invention of the Leyden jar or phial. As has so many times happened in the history of scientific discovery, it seems tolerably certain that this interesting device was hit upon by at least three persons, working independently of each other. One Cuneus, a monk named Kleist, and Professor Muschenbroeck, of Leyden, are all accredited with the discovery. … Sir William Watson perfected it by adding the outside metallic coating, and was by its aid enabled to fire gunpowder and other inflammables."

T. C. Mendenhall, A Century of Electricity, chapter 1.

ELECTRICITY: A. D. 1745-1747. Franklin's identification of Electricity with Lightning.

"In 1745 Mr. Peter Collinson of the Royal Society sent a [Leyden] jar to the Library Society of Philadelphia, with instructions how to use it. This fell into the hands of Benjamin Franklin, who at once began a series of electrical experiments. On March 28, 1747, Franklin began his famous letters to Collinson. … In these letters he propounded the single-fluid theory of electricity, and referred all electric phenomena to its accumulation in bodies in quantities more than their natural share, or to its being withdrawn from them so as to leave them minus their proper portion." Meantime, numerous experiments with the Leyden jar had convinced Franklin of the identity of lightning and electricity, and he set about the demonstration of the fact. "The account given by Dr. Stuber of Philadelphia, an intimate personal friend of Franklin, and published in one of the earliest editions of the works of the great philosopher, is as follows:—'The plan which he had originally proposed was to erect on some high tower, or other elevated place, a sentry-box, from which should rise a pointed iron rod, insulated by being fixed in a cake of resin. Electrified clouds passing over this would, he conceived, impart to it a portion of their electricity, which would be rendered evident to the senses by sparks being emitted when a key, a knuckle, or other conductor was presented to it. Philadelphia at this time offered no opportunity of trying an experiment of this kind. Whilst Franklin was waiting for the erection of a spire, it occurred to him that he might have more ready access to the region of clouds by means of a common kite. He prepared one by attaching two cross-sticks to a silk handkerchief, which would not suffer so much from the rain as paper. To his upright stick was fixed an iron point. The string was, as usual, of hemp, except the lower end, which was silk. Where the hempen string terminated, a key was fastened. With this apparatus, on the appearance of a thunder-gust approaching, he went into the common, accompanied by his son, to whom alone he communicated his intentions, well knowing the ridicule which, too generally for the interest of science, awaits unsuccessful experiments in philosophy. He placed himself under a shed to avoid the rain. His kite was raised. A thunder-cloud passed over it. No signs of electricity appeared. He almost despaired of success, when suddenly he observed the loose fibres of his string move toward an erect position. He now pressed his knuckle to the key, and received a strong spark. How exquisite must his sensations have been at this moment! On his experiment depended the fate of his theory. Doubt and despair had begun to prevail, when the fact was ascertained in so clear a manner, that even the most incredulous could no longer withhold their assent. Repeated sparks were drawn from the key, a phial was charged, a shock given, and all the experiments made which are usually performed with electricity.' And thus the identity of lightning and electricity was proved. … Franklin's proposition to erect lightning rods which would convey the lightning to the ground, and so protect the buildings to which they were attached, found abundant opponents. … Nevertheless, public opinion became settled … that they did protect buildings. … Then the philosophers raised a new controversy as to whether the conductors should be blunt or pointed; Franklin, Cavendish, and Watson advocating points, and Wilson blunt ends. … The logic of experiment, however, showed the advantage of pointed conductors; and people persisted then in preferring them, as they have done ever since."

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P. Benjamin, The Age of Electricity, chapter 3.

ELECTRICITY: A. D. 1753-1820. The beginnings of the Electric Telegraph.

"The first actual suggestion of an electric telegraph was made in an anonymous letter published in the Scots Magazine at Edinburgh, February 17th, 1753. The letter is initialed 'C. M.,' and many attempts have been made to discover the author's identity. … The suggestions made in this letter were that a set of twenty-six wires should be stretched upon insulated supports between the two places which it was desired to put in connection, and at each end of every wire a metallic ball was to be suspended, having under it a letter of the alphabet inscribed upon a piece of paper. … The message was to be read off at the receiving station by observing the letters which were successively attracted by their corresponding balls, as soon as the wires attached to the latter received a charge from the distant conductor. In 1787 Monsieur Lomond, of Paris, made the very important step of reducing the twenty-six wires to one, and indicating the different letters by various combinations of simple movements of an indicator, consisting of a pith-ball suspended by means of a thread from a conductor in contact with the wire. … In the year 1790 Chappe, the inventor of the semaphore, or optico-mechanical telegraph, which was in practical use previous to the introduction of the electric telegraph, devised a means of communication, consisting of two clocks regulated so that the second hands moved in unison, and pointed at the same instant to the same figures. … In the early form of the apparatus, the exact moment at which the observer at the receiving station should read off the figure to which the hand pointed was indicated by means of a sound signal produced by the primitive method of striking a copper stew pan, but the inventor soon adopted the plan of giving electrical signals instead of sound signals. … In 1795 Don Francisco Salva … suggested … that instead of twenty-six wires being used, one for each letter, six or eight wires only should be employed, each charged by a Leyden jar, and that different letters should be formed by means of various combinations of signals from these. … Mr. (afterwards Sir Francis) Ronalds … took up the subject of telegraphy in the year 1816, and published an account of his experiments in 1823," based on the same idea as that of Chappe. … "Ronalds drew up a sort of telegraphic code by which words, and sometimes even complete sentences, could be transmitted by only three discharges. … Ronalds completely proved the practicability of his plan, not only on [a] short underground line, …. but also upon an overhead line some eight miles in length, constructed by carrying a telegraph wire backwards and forwards over a wooden frame-work erected in his garden at Hammersmith. … The first attempt to employ voltaic electricity in telegraphy was made by Don Francisco Salva, whose frictional telegraph has already been referred to. On the 14th of May, 1800, Salva read a paper on 'Galvanism and its application to Telegraphy' before the Academy of Sciences at Barcelona, in which he described a number of experiments which he had made in telegraphing over a line some 310 metres in length. … A few years later he applied the then recent discovery of the Voltaic pile to the same purpose, the liberation of bubbles of gas by the decomposition of water at the receiving station being the method adopted for indicating the passage of the signals. A telegraph of a very similar character was devised by Sömmering, and described in a paper communicated by the inventor to the Munich Academy of Sciences in 1809. Sömmering used a set of thirty-five wires corresponding to the twenty-five letters of the German alphabet and the ten numerals. … Oersted's discovery of the action of the electric current upon a suspended magnetic needle provided a new and much more hopeful method of applying the electric current to telegraphy. The great French astronomer Laplace appears to have been the first to suggest this application of Oersted's discovery, and he was followed shortly afterwards by Ampere, who in the year 1820 read a paper before the Paris Academy of Sciences."

G. W. De Tunzelmann, Electricity in Modern Life, chapter 9.

ELECTRICITY: A. D. 1786-1800. Discoveries of Galvani and Volta.

"The fundamental experiment which led to the discovery of dynamical electricity [1786] is due to Galvani, professor of anatomy in Bologna. Occupied with investigations on the influence of electricity on the nervous excitability of animals, and especially of the frog, he observed that when the lumbar nerves of a dead frog were connected with the crural muscles by a metallic circuit, the latter became briskly contracted. … Galvani had some time before observed that the electricity of machines produced in dead frogs analogous contractions, and he attributed the phenomena first described to an electricity inherent in the animal. He assumed that this electricity, which he called vital fluid, passed from the nerves to the muscles by the metallic arc, and was thus the cause of contraction. This theory met with great support, especially among physiologists, but it was not without opponents. The most considerable of these was Alexander Volta, professor of physics in Pavia. Galvani's attention had been exclusively devoted to the nerves and muscles of the frog; Volta's was directed upon the connecting metal. Resting on the observation, which Galvani had also made, that the contraction is more energetic when the connecting arc is composed of two metals than where there is only one, Volta attributed to the metals the active part in the phenomenon of contraction. He assumed that the disengagement of electricity was due to their contact, and that the animal parts only officiated as conductors, and at the same time as a very sensitive electroscope. By means of the then recently invented electroscope, Volta devised several modes of showing the disengagement of electricity on the contact of metals. … A memorable controversy arose between Galvani and Volta. The latter was led to give greater extension to his contact theory, and propounded the principle that when two heterogeneous substances are placed in contact, one of them always assumes the positive and the other the negative electrical condition. In this form Volta's theory obtained the assent of the principal philosophers of his time."

A. Ganot, Elementary Treatise on Physics; translated by Atkinson, book 10, chapter 1.

Volta's theory, however, though somewhat misleading, did not prevent his making what was probably the greatest step in the science up to this time, in the invention (about 1800) of the Voltaic pile, the first generator of electrical energy by chemical means, and the forerunner of the vast number of types of the modern "battery."

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ELECTRICITY: A. D. 1810-1890. The Arc light.

"The earliest instance of applying Electricity to the production of light was in 1810, by Sir Humphrey Davy, who found that when the points of two carbon rods whose other ends were connected by wires with a powerful primary battery were brought into contact, and then drawn a little way apart, the Electric current still continued to jump across the gap, forming what is now termed an Electric Arc. … Various contrivances have been devised for automatically regulating the position of the two carbons. As early as 1847, a lamp was patented by Staite, in which the carbon rods were fed together by clockwork. … Similar devices were produced by Foucault and others, but the first really successful arc lamp was Serrin's, patented in 1857, which has not only itself survived until the present day, but has had its main features reproduced in many other lamps. … The Jablochkoff Candle (1876), in which the arc was formed between the ends of a pair of carbon rods placed side by side, and separated by a layer of insulating material, which slowly consumed as the carbons burnt down, did good service in accustoming the public to the new illuminant. Since then the inventions by Brush, Thomson-Houston, and others have done much to bring about its adoption for lighting large rooms, streets, and spaces out of doors."