Transcriber’s Notes
Reading edition
General Notes
The different sections of the book were written by different authors; inconsistent spelling, lay-out, capitalisation, phonetics, use of ligatures and diacritics, spacing of abbreviations, transcription, punctuation, etc. have therefore been retained (incl. canon/canyon/cañon; Spencer/Spenser; i.e./i. e., A.D./A. D., etc.) except as mentioned below. The same applies to textual and factual inconsistencies and contradictions.
The order of entries in alphabetical lists is not always truly alphabetical; this has not been changed.
The various lists and tables of contents have only been linked to the relevant chapters and sections if there is an unambiguous relationship between the two. In some cases the items from the lists of contents are discussed in several places; in these cases, no links have been provided.
The use of section headings in the printed work was not always unambiguous, nor was their hierarchy. Section headings in this text are therefore based on the printed book’s typography and on apparent logic, and may not reflect the authors’ intentions. Some sections have no section headings as such.
Several subjects mentioned in the various lists of contents are not present in the original work; similarly, several internal references do not exist in the printed work.
In some of the larger tables, the relation between table elements has had to be surmised; the tables as presented here may therefore not fully reflect the authors’ intent.
Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text and their settings, some elements may not display as intended. Some tables are best viewed in a wide browser window.
Where details of illustrations are not (easily) visible, links to larger scale illustrations have been provided (not available in all formats). Where texts inside illustrations are difficult to read, texts have been copied outside the illustrations, or hovering the mouse pointer over the illustration will display the relevant texts (not available in all formats).
Specific Notes
Page 72-73: the central part of the illustration was invisible in the available original. Names and numbers are difficult or impossible to read even in the enlarged illustration.
Page 104-107, Table Identification of Minerals, See Plate I: there is no Plate I with figures of minerals in the original work.
Page 158, Flowers of the Wooded Pastures: the referenced Fig. 13 is not present in the original book.
Page 267, Book of Races and Peoples: various district names is probably an error for various distinct names.
Page 293, table Comparative Classification of Races and Peoples: Fellaheen, 5,000,000 ( ): the reason for the brackets is not clear.
Page 360, Fall of Judah and Babylonian Captivity: The history of the Jews during the Babylonish captivity: this was printed as a regular paragraph in the original book, but could have been intended as a heading for a section that was not included in the book.
Page 413, Table IX.: St. Francis of Assisi should probably have been printed in the columns Italy and Church.
Page 423, Table XI., column Ottoman Empire and Persia, War with Austria 1682-1699: possibly this should read 1593-1669 (the 1682 war is mentioned on page 425, Table XII.).
Page 442, table Principal Languages Spoken: The data for English and French are identical, which is probably an error. The totals and proportions are not in agreement with the tabulated data; since it is not clear which data are wrong, this has not been changed.
Page 448-452, Panoramic View of the River Rhine: texts inside the illustration have been copied outside the illustration.
Page 472-476, Table of the Sovereigns of England: There are some discrepancies between dates of birth and ages; not changed.
Page 474, Table of the Sovereigns of England: Edward VI., “Of a consumption”: as printed in original book.
Page 480-481: the central part of the illustration was missing from the available original. Names of buildings and streets are difficult or impossible to read even in the enlarged illustration.
Page 495, GERMANY: ... on a subsequent page: the table is given on the same page.
Page 497, Defense: reference to Armies and Navies of the World: not present in the original book.
Page 546, Under Peter the Great: reference to Peter the Great: unclear to which part of the text this refers, as there is no separate section on Peter the Great apart from this one.
Page 546, Napoleonic Period: reference to Alexander I. and Napoleon: unclear to which part of the text this refers, as there are no separate sections on Alexander I. and Napoleon.
Page 572, Turkey, or Ottoman Empire (table): population numbers do not add up to the total given (possibly the total should read 20,180,000); the meaning of the sentence directly underneath the table is not clear.
Page 573, Physical Features: reference to Asia Minor: there is no section on Asia Minor in the book.
Page 648, Democrats Restored ... Woodrow Wilson: there are two footnote anchors on this page in the printed book (before Farm Loan Banks and before From the very beginning of the European War), but no footnotes. The anchors have been deleted.
Page 714, Accent of Words: In the Book of Language and Literature primary and secondary accents are represented by ´ and ´, respectively. The print quality of the original work was not always sufficient to distinguish between the two variants.
Page 733, Asterism: the printed book shows two asterisms; possibly one of those was intended to be an inverted asterism.
Page 745, carnichons: error for cornichons; not changed.
Page 753, recherche: possibly error for recherché; not changed.
Page 771, 18th century (Pepys): probably error for 17th century; not changed.
Page 783, Aldine Press: reference to Manutius: there is no other occurrence of Manutius in the book.
Page 788, Chriemhild or Kriemhild: reference to Kriemhild: this entry seems to reference itself.
Page 796, Folk: reference to Fairies: there is no entry Fairies (or Fairy) in the book.
Page 821-845, Pronouncing Dictionary of Myhtology: this section contains several references to entries that are not present in the work.
Page 856, Find the cost of 3230 bushels of wheat, at 72c per bushel: the calculation given is for 3230 pounds (with 60 pounds per bushel).
Page 857, Long or Linear Measure: reference to Metric System: not present in the book.
Page 878, Tax Table, Explanation of Table: the entry for $10,000 is not present in the table.
Page 894, Describe radium and its special properties: the printed book uses subscripts as exponents; not changed.
Page 763-764, Norman-French Period and Elizabethan and Puritan Period: there is no description of the period between these two (1400-1559) in the original work.
Several tables have had to be split or re-arranged so that the contents could be displayed in the available width and height. Many of the comparison tables have unavoidably lost some comparison information due to this split (e.g. Comparative History of Nations).
Changes and corrections made
Obvious minor punctuation and typographical errors have been corrected silently.
Regularly printed scientific names have been italicised for consistency.
Some diacritical symbols on French and German words have been corrected or added for consistency.
Some phonetics have been corrected or completed where this was important for their pronunciation, not for the sake of consistency.
Illustrations and tables have been moved out of the text when they were printed inside paragraphs; footnotes have been moved to directly underneath the paragraph or table to which they belong.
Various pages: Pharoah has been changed to Pharaoh.
Comparative History of Nations: several entries have been moved to maintain the given chronological order.
Indicator letters have been added to some pronouncing dictionaries for consistency.
Page iv Pd.D. changed to Ph.D. (Susan Chase)
Page ix Mother-Play Sons changed to Mother-Play Songs
Page 10 Vanderwolker changed to Vanderwalker
Page 15 diagrams Keppler’s Laws: right and left in caption changed to bottom and top, respectively; moves round the run changed to moves round the sun
Page 27 Pullox changed to Pollux
Page 37 Pullox changed to Pollux
Page 49 Age Fishes changed to Age of Fishes
Page 62 Cypress changed to Cyprus
Page 67 severally shaken changed to severely shaken
Page 75 Pebblshire changed to Peeblesshire; Chevoit changed to Cheviot
Page 85 internal changed to interval
Page 106 row Orthoclase, 2nd column: repeated mention of Feldspar deleted
Page 108 Ship dip changed to Sheep dip
Page 150 Minulus luteus changed to Mimulus luteus; 4 inches changed to 4 weeks (Giant Spider Plant)
Page 162 a common tree changed to is a common tree
Page 182 Dicotoledons changed to Dicotyledons
Page 195 does not effect changed to does not affect
Page 250 Red Poles changed to Red Polls
Page 252 recenants changed to revenants
Page 255 Chevoit changed to Cheviot
Page 256 large of “lard” changed to large or “lard”
Page 258 botlong, changed to both long.; fois-gras changed to foie-gras
Page 273 Early Iron Age: 100 to 500 B.C. changed to 1000 to 500 B.C.
Page 312 Caucuses changed to Caucasus
Page 316 Lake Mœ is changed to Lake Mœris
Page 317 604-651 changed to 604-551
Page 318 Perides changed to Pericles
Page 322 Asdrubal changed to Hasdrubal for consistency
Page 332 B. C. changed to A. D. (table header)
Page 333 B. C. changed to A. D. (table header)
Page 341 Crete lost the Arabs changed to Crete lost to the Arabs
Page 342 See pages 000, 000 changed to See page 351 (description of the sphinx)
Page 343 Header EXTINCT NATIONS OF THE PAST added as in tables of contents
Page 349 the good Anubis changed to the god Anubis
Page 382 LATER HISTORY OR changed to LATER HISTORY OF
Page 397 At Alexander changed to At Alexandria
Page 398 SEPIDUS changed to LEPIDUS
Page 410 Entries for Danish Kings and Canute the Great placed in chronological order; Rhœtia changed to Rhætia
Page 420 Frances defeated changed to Francis defeated
Page 427 1756-1763 changed to 1754-1763; 1678 changed to 1768
Page 428 Prussia and Austria, 1711 changed to Prussia and Austria, 1781
Page 438 Fallierès changed to Fallières
Page 440 Poincarè changed to Poincaré
Page 442 table Area and Population: 7.05 changed to 7.55, 48.02 changed to 48.20, 29.9 changed to 28.2; table Religious Population: 36,000,000 changed to 36,600,000; 58,270,000 changed to 158,270,000; 125,000,000 changed to 25,000,000
Page 443 Poincare changed to Poincaré; Vagiravudn changed to Vagiravudh
Page 446 Orœfa changed to Oræfa
Page 463 Axon changed to Avon
Page 464 Chantry changed to Chantrey
Page 471 table (entry Mauritius): Executive and Councils changed to Executive and Legislative Councils
Page 473 table (entry King John): 199 changed to 1199
Page 492 Marsla-Tour changed to Mars-la-Tour
Page 518 Cœcilia changed to Cæcilia
Page 525 Placenza changed to Piacenza
Page 562 are said to be abundance changed to are said to be abundant
Page 571 Rhœto-Romanic changed to Rhæto-Romanic
Page 662 One of more changed to One or more
Page 669 Caspé changed to Gaspé
Page 693 Decclea changed to Decelea
Page 696 Jan van Olden, Barneveldt changed to Jan van Oldenbarneveldt
Page 700 Chattanooga, Georgia changed to Chattanooga, Tennessee
Page 701 (Bosworth Field): 1845 changed to 1485; (Siege of Calais): English vs. French changed to English vs. French
Page 702 kon-stan-nō´pl changed to kon-stan-ti-nō´pl
Page 703 zhe-mäk´ changed to zhe-mäp´; Hōchst changed to Höchst
Page 705 nü´pö changed to ma´pö
Page 709 Texel: † added
Page 734 paragraph * Name-making ... moved up one paragraph
Page 741 5th ◡ changed to ― (Iambic pentameter)
Page 742 desprit changed to d’esprit
Page 743 albuon changed to al buon
Page 750 sono multi changed to sono muti (also in phonetics)
Page 751 mennière changed to meunière (and moved to proper alphabetical place)
Page 752 petits fois changed to petits pois (also in phonetics)
Page 753 enchef changed to en chef
Page 754 tâche sans tâche changed to tâche sans tache
Page 770 Ecclestical changed to Ecclesiastical
Page 775 Rosetti changed to Rossetti
Page 778 effected changed to affected; Calvanism changed to Calvinism
Page 780 Bigelow changed to Biglow
Page 799 Whence these storied changed to Whence these stories
Page 802 Kadr, Al changed to Kadir, Al
Page 810 chantler changed to cantler
Page 816 Altorf changed to Altdorf
Page 847 Amphlon changed to Amphion; CΥculus changed to Cæculus;
Page 853 7⁄9 + 4 changed to 7⁄9 × 4; 111⁄27 changed to 111⁄24
Page 854 .564 changed to 564 (in first multiplication)
Page 855 $43.35 changed to $4.35 as in calculation
Page 859 For, changed to For example,
Page 882 (3) inserted before Metathetical
Page 885 M. P. 272° changed to M. P. -272° (Helium)
Page 886 ZuS changed to ZnS (zinc blende)
Page 887 MgSO₄, 7N₂O changed to MgSO₄, 7H₂O
Page 888 CaH₄(PO₄)₂ changed to CaH₂(PO₄)₂
Page 891 B. P. 109° changed to B. P. -109° (Xenon)
Page 894 N₄H.OH changed to NH₄OH
Page 998 Petsal changed to Petsai