A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

A

a, n.m., the first letter of the alphabet, a. Panse d’a; oval of an a. Il ne sait ni a ni b; he does not know a from b. Il n’a pas fait une panse d’a; he has not done a letter, a stroke. Un homme marqué à l’a; the beau-ideal of a man, a man thoroughly reliable. C’est un homme marqué à l’a; he is the soul of honor.

a (ab.), Altesse; Highness.

aa (ab.), Altesses; Highnesses.

a, at the beginning of French words, often comes from the privative α of the Greeks, and denotes privation; as, atonie, debility; acéphale, acephalous.

à, prep., denotes the end or term of the action of the verb, and indicates the person or thing this action tends to. Aller à Paris; to go to Paris. Parler à quelqu’un; to speak to some one.

à denotes extraction, separation. Oter une bague à quelqu’un; to take a ring from any one. Se soustraire aux poursuites de la justice; to abscond.

à denotes property, possession. Cette montre est à mon frère; this watch is my brother’s. Il a un style, une manière, à lui; he has a style, a manner, all his own. Cette ferme appartient à mon père; that farm belongs to my father.

à denotes period, time. Au lever du soleil; at sunrise. À l’aube du jour; at daybreak. Arriver à temps; to arrive in time. À mon retour; on my return.

à indicates what stops on the surface, or penetrates beyond it. Il a une bague au doigt; he has a ring on his finger. Blessé à l’épaule; wounded in the shoulder.

à establishes the relative distance between things and persons. À portée de canon; within cannon-shot. Il demeure à vingt lieues d’ici; he lives twenty leagues off. De vous à moi; between you and me, from you to me. De Paris à Rouen; from Paris to Rouen.

à points out whatever furnishes an inference or ground for conjecture. À l’œuvre on connait l’ouvrier; the workman is known by his work. Attendre à l’œuvre; to await results.

à denotes succession, gradation, order. Petit à petit; little by little. Un à un; one by one. Traduire mot à mot; to translate word for word, i.e., literally.

à is used in speaking of goods sold or bought by weight, measure, or quantity. Vendre du vin à la bouteille; to sell wine by the bottle. Vendre de la viande à la livre; to sell meat by the pound.

à denotes value, price. Dîner à trois francs par tête; to dine at three francs a head.

à denotes conformity, manner. S’habiller à la Française; to dress after the French fashion. A l’instar de la capitale; after the manner of the capital. À mon avis; in my opinion. Aller à pied, à cheval; to go on foot, to ride on horseback. Marcher à reculons; to walk backwards.

à, between two nouns, makes the second serve to denote the species or quality of the first. Canne à sucre; sugar-cane. Vache à lait; milch-cow.

à, between two numeral adjectives, signifies between, or about. Un homme de quarante à cinquante ans; a man between forty and fifty. Il y a quatre à cinq lieues; it is about four or five leagues distant.

Remark.—The French say quatre à cinq lieues, because leagues are things which may be divided into fractions; but, in speaking of things which cannot be divided, ou must be used. For instance, Quatre ou cinq personnes; four or five persons.

à, before an infinitive, commonly denotes what is proper to be done. Un avis à suivre; an opinion worth following. Un homme à récompenser ou à pendre; a man that deserves to be rewarded or hanged.

à, used in speaking of vehicles, signifies and. Une voiture à quatre chevaux, grandes guides; a carriage and four.

à is used in description instead of the English with. Un homme à barbe blanche; a man with a white beard. Une maison à pignon; a house with a gable, gabled.

a, has.

abaca, n.m., abaca, Manila hemp.

abacus (-kuss), n.m., abacus.

abaisse, n.f., the under-crust of pastry, piece of rolled paste.

abaissé, -e, part., lowered, brought low; dejected; diminished, flattened. Le pal est — (her.); the pale is abased.

abaissement (-bèss-man), n.m., lowering, falling, abatement, depression; humiliation, abasement; (surg.) couching. L’— des eaux; the abatement of the waters. Opération de la cataracte par —; couching.

abaisser, v.a., to let down, to let fall, to lower; to bring low down; to diminish, to reduce; to pull down; (gard.) to lop out; to debase, to cry down; to humble; to roll (paste); (surg.) to couch. — un pont-levis; to let down a drawbridge. — la voix; to lower the voice. Dieu abaisse les superbes; God humbles the proud. Abaisser une cataracte; (surg.) to couch a cataract.

s’abaisser, v.r., to fall, to decrease, to subside, to abate, to decline; to humble one’s self, to stoop, to sink, to cringe. S’— à le prier; to stoop so low as to entreat him.

abaisseur, n.m., (anat.) depressor.

abaisseur, adj., (anat.) depriment. Muscle —; depriment muscle.

abait, n.m., bait. V. appât.

abaiter, v.a., to bait. V. appâter.

abajoue, n.f., (mam.) cheek-pouch; gill, gills.

abalourdir, v.a., (fam.) to make dull and stupid.

abandon, n.m., forsaking, relinquishment, surrender; leaving things at random; abandonment, the being forsaken, forlornness, destitution, ease, unconstraint. Avoir un — séduisant; to have seductive manners. Se livrer avec — à; to indulge in.

à l’abandon, adv., at random, in confusion, at sixes and sevens. Laisser ses enfants à l’—; to neglect one’s children. Un champ qui est à l’—; a field left to run wild.

abandonnataire, n.m.f., (jur.) relessee.

abandonné, -e, part., abandoned, forsaken, given over. Un malade abandonné; a patient given up.

abandonné, -e, adj., abandoned, lost to decency, shameless, graceless, profligate.

abandonné, n.m., -e, n.f., profligate, rake; lewd, wicked, abandoned person.

abandonnement (-do-n-mān), n.m., abandonment, abandoning, forsaking; desertion, the being forsaken; the giving up one’s effects; leaving, quitting; dissoluteness, debauchery.

abandonner, v.a., to abandon, to quit, to leave, to desert, to forsake; to give up, to give over; to leave one at the disposal of; to deliver up; to let loose, let go. Il abandonna le pays; he left the country. — une cause; to give up a cause. — ses prétensions; to give up one’s claims. Mes forces m’abandonnent; my strength is failing me. — une corde; to let go a rope. — la partie; to give up the struggle.

s’abandonner, v.r., to give one’s self up, to addict one’s self, to give way to; to indulge in; to commit one’s self to; to prostitute one’s self; to be easy in one’s manners, to throw off all restraint. S’— à la colère, au plaisir, au hasard; to give way to anger, to indulge in pleasure, to trust to fortune.

☉abannation (-ba-na-), n.f., (jur.) abannition.

☉abaptiste (-ba-tist), adj., (surg.) abaptiston.

abaque, n.m., (arch. antiq.) abacus, plinth, the uppermost part of the capital of a column.

abarticulation, n.f., (anat.) abarticulation, diarthrosis.

abas, n.m., shower (bath), blight (in wheat). V. teigne.

abasourdir, v.a., (fam.) to stun, to dumfound, to astound; to stupefy.

abâtardir, v.a., to render degenerate; to debase, to corrupt, to spoil, to mar, to adulterate. La servitude abâtardit le courage; slavery debases courage. Un homme abâtardi; a degenerate man.

s’abâtardir, v.r., to degenerate, to grow worse.

abâtardissement (-mān), n.m., degeneracy.

abat-chauvée, n.f., (n.p.) flock-wool.

abat-faim (-fin), n.m., (—) large joint, substantial dish.

abat-foin, n.m., (—) opening above the rack to put the hay through; loft-trap.

abat-jour, n.m., (—) (arch.) sky-light, trunk-light; shade for a lamp; window-blind; (bot.) opening.

abattage, n.m., cutting down, felling, clearance (of a forest); (nav.) heaving down; careening; slaughtering (of animals).

☉abattant, n.m., shutter; flap (of a counter); lid.

abattée, n.f., (nav.) casting; falling off to leeward. Faire son —; to cast; to fall off.

abattement (-mān), n.m., faintness, low state, weakness, prostration; dejection, despondency, low spirits; (her.) abatement. Tomber dans l’—; to become low-spirited. Jeter dans l’—; to deject. Qui jette dans l’—; depressive.

abatteur, n.m., feller, knocker-off, slaughterer. C’est un grand — de bois; he is a great braggart.

abattis, n.m., houses, walls, trees, thrown down; the killing of game; giblets (of poultry); garbage; stones hewn down in a quarry; raw hides; slaughter, destruction. Abattis en ragoût; stewed giblets.

abattoir, n.m., slaughter-house.

abattre, v.a., to throw down, to hurl down; to pull down; to beat, to batter down; to bring down; to fell, to cut down, to hew down, to cut off; to knock down; to blow down; to lay (the dust); to let down; to soak (skins); to couch (the cataract); to waste (strength); to dispirit; to dishearten; to unman; to cast down, to depress; to humble. Le vent abattra le blé; the wind will throw the corn down. — un rideau; to let a curtain down. — les cuirs; to skin dead animals. — le pantalon; to remove the trousers. — les peaux; to soak the skins. — un vaisseau pour le caréner; to careen a ship. Un vaisseau dur à —; a ship hard to swing round. — un mât (nav.); to carry away a mast. La moindre chose l’abat; the least thing unmans him. Elle a l’air bien abattu; she looks very dejected. — l’orgueil de quelqu’un; to humble any one’s pride.

abattre, v.n., to lay down one’s cards (at play); (nav.) to fall off to leeward, to cast. Le vaisseau s’abat; the ship is driving to leeward.

s’abattre, v.r., to fall, to tumble down; to stoop; to abate; to be cast down, dejected; to break down (of horses); to burst (of a storm); to despond; to pounce upon. Le vent s’abat; the wind is falling. La chaleur s’abat; the heat is abating. Un orage terrible va s’abattre sur nous; a dreadful storm is about to burst upon us.

abattu, -e, adj., pulled, broken, cast down; depressed, dejected; humbled, crest-fallen. Je me sens tout —; I am quite out of spirits. Un visage —; a woe-begone countenance.

abattures, n.f.pl., (hunt.) abature; foiling (of a stag).

abat-vent, n.m., penthouse (of a steeple); pentice, wind-screen, louvre window.

abat-voix, n.m., sounding-board (of a pulpit).

abbatial (-cial), -e, adj., abbatial, abbatical.

abbaye (abéi), n.f., monastery, abbey. Administration d’une —; abbacy.

abbé, n.m., abbé, abbot, priest. Monsieur l’abbé, your Reverence.

abbesse, n.f., abbess. Dignité, fonctions, d’abbé, d’abbesse; abbotship.

abc, n.m., a, b, c, alphabet, primer; a, b, c, book; elements, rudiments, spelling-book. Apprendre son —; to learn one’s letters. Être à l’— de; to be at the a, b, c, of. Renvoyer quelqu’un à l’—; to make a person begin all over again.

abcéder, v.n., to form into an abscess, to apostemate, to gather, to come to a head.

abcès, n.m., abscess, apostem, gathering. Former, vider, un —; to form, to take the matter out of, an abscess. — aux gencives; gumboil.

abcisse, n.f. V. abscisse.

abdication, n.f., abdication; (jur.) disinheritance of a son during his father’s life-time; renunciation of (property). Faire —; to abdicate.

abdiquer, v.a., to abdicate, to resign, to forswear.

abdomen (-mè-n), n.m., abdomen.

abdominal, -e, adj., abdominal.

abducteur, adj., (anat.) abducent.

abducteur, n.m., abductor.

abduction, n.f., (anat. and log.) abduction.

s’abéausir, v.n., (nav.) to become fine (of weather at sea).

abécédaire, adj., of the a, b, c. Ouvrage —; child’s first-book.

abécédaire, n.m., alphabet, primer, spelling-book.

abecquer, v.a., to feed a bird.

abée, n.f., mill-dam.

*abeille, n.f., bee. — bourdon; bumble-bee. — domestique; hive bee. — mère; queen bee. — ouvrière; working bee. Ruche d’—s; bee-hive. Eleveur d’—; bee-master. Essaim d’—s; swarm of bees.

abeillé, -e, adj. & part., covered, ornamented with bees.

abéquer. V. abecquer.

aberration, n.f., aberration; (sciences) alienation. — de réfrangibilité; Newtonian aberration. Cercle d’—; crown of aberration.

abêtir, v.a., to stupefy; to stultify. V. hébéter.

abêter, v.n., s’abêtir, v.r., to grow stupid.

ab hoc et ab hac, adv., at random; confusedly.

abhorrer, v.a., to abhor, detest, loathe.

s’abhorrer, v.r., to abominate, loathe one another.

abîme, n.m., unfathomable depth, abyss, hell; a thing most abstruse or obscure; dipping-mold (for candles); (her.) the middle of the shield; fesse-point, heart point.

abîmé, -e, part., swallowed up, ingulfed, destroyed, spoiled. — de dettes; over head and ears in debt.

abîmer, v.a., to overthrow, to ingulf, to swallow up; to destroy entirely, to cut up, to crush; to spoil, to injure.

abîmer, v.n., to be destroyed, to be swallowed up, to sink; to perish, to be crushed.

s’abîmer, v.r., to fall into an abyss, to sink; to ruin, to undo one’s self; to be spoiled.

ab intestat, adv., abintestate. Succession —; intestate’s estate; intestacy.

ab irato, adv., in an angry fit. Parler, agir, —; to speak, to act, under the influence of anger.

abject, -e (-jékt), adj., abject, base, mean, low, vile, despicable.

abjectement, adv., abjectly.

abjection, n.f., abjection, baseness; humiliation; vileness, meanness.

abjuration, n.f., solemn renunciation, abjuration.

abjuratoire, adj., abjuratory. — acte; act of abjuration.

abjurer, v.a., to abjure, to deny, to forswear, to renounce. — une opinion; to abandon an opinion.

ablactation, n.f., (med.) ablactation, weaning.

ablais, n.m., (jurisp.) corn, either standing or cut down, but not carried or carted away.

ablaquéation, n.f., (gard.) ablaqueation.

ablatif, n.m., (gram.) ablative.

ablation, n.f., (surg.) ablation.

ablativo, (triv.) adv., in confusion; higgledy-piggledy.

able, n.m., or ablette, n.f., (fish) ablet, bleak.

ablégat, n.m., ablegate.

☉ablégation, n.m., ablegation.

ablepsie, n.f., (med.) ablepsy.

ablier, n.m., (fish.) purse-net; hoop-net.

☉abluant, -e, adj., (med.) abluent, cleansing.

☉abluer, v.a., to revive old writing, to wash with gall-nut.

ablution, n.f., ablution, washing, purification. Faire ses —s; to perform one’s ablutions.

abnégation, n.f., abnegation, renunciation, sacrifice. — de soi-même; self-denial. Faire — de; to renounce, set aside.

aboi, n.m., barking, baying.

aboiement or aboîment (-boa-mān), n.m., barking, baying.

abois, n.m.pl., despairing condition, last shift, distress. Aux —; at bay, hard up, at one’s wits’ end. Mettre aux —; to drive to extremities. La place est aux —; the place, citadel, can hold out no longer, is in desperate straits.

abolir, v.a., to abolish, to repeal, to annul. — un impôt; to take off a tax.

s’abolir, v.r., to fall into disuse, to become obsolete.

abolissable, adj., abolishable.

abolissement (-mān), n.m., abolishment.

abolition, n.f., abolition; royal pardon; repeal.

abolitionniste, n.m., abolitionist.

abominable, adj., abominable, execrable.

abominablement, adv., abominably.

abomination, n.f., abomination, detestation. Avoir en —; to abominate, to hold in detestation. Être en —; to be detested.

abondamment (-da-mān), adv., abundantly.

abondance, n.f., abundance, plenty, copiousness, plentifulness; multitude, affluence; richness, fullness (of language); weak wine-and-water (in schools). Corne d’—; horn of plenty, cornucopia. — de biens; opulence. Vivre, être, dans l’—; to live in plenty. Parler avec —; to speak fluently. Ecrire, parler, d’—; to write, to speak, extempore, offhand. — de biens ne nuit pas; store is no sore.

abondant, -e, adj., abounding, plentiful, copious; fruitful, exuberant, teeming, voluble, diffusive. Une langue —e; a copious language.

abonder, v.n., to abound in or with, to be full of; to overflow. Il abonde dans votre sens; he supports your opinion; he has come round to; he concurs in. — dans son sens; to be wedded to one’s own opinion.

abonné, n.m., -e, n.f., subscriber (to periodicals, theatres, &c.).

abonnement (-mān), n.m., subscription (to periodicals, theatres, &c.); agreement. Les —s sont suspendus pour ce soir (of places of amusement); season-tickets not available this evening.

abonner, v.a., to subscribe for.

s’abonner, v.r., to subscribe; to compound for. On s’abonne à; subscriptions are received at.

☉abonnir, v.a., to better, to mend, to improve.

☉abonnir, v.n., s’abonnir, v.r., to mend, to grow better.

☉abonnissement (-nis-mān), n.m., (fam.), improvement, amelioration.

abord, n.m., landing; arrival; access; admittance, approach; attack, onset. Avoir l’— facile; to be easy of access. De prime —; at first sight.

à bord, adv., aboard, on board.

d’abord, adv., first, at first, at first sight. Tout d’abord, au premier abord, dès l’abord; at first, from the very first. Dès l’abord, j’ai senti que je devais ... I felt, from the very first, that I ought ... or was to ...

abordable, adj., accessible, accostable, of easy access; approachable.

abordage, n.m., (nav.) landing; boarding; fouling. Aller or sauter à l’—; to board a ship, grapple.

aborder, v.n., to arrive at; to land.

aborder, v.a., to come near, to come to, to come up with; to board, to run foul of (a ship); to accost; to broach, handle (a subject). — un vaisseau ennemi; to board an enemy’s ship. — par accident; to run foul of. Il m’a abordé dans la rue; he accosted me in the street.

s’aborder, v.r., to run foul of each other; to come up with one another.

abordeur, n.m., boarding vessel.

aborigène, adj., first, original, aboriginal.

aborigènes, n.m., pl., aborigines.

abornement, n.m. V. délimitation.

aborner, v.a. V. délimiter.

aborti-f, -ve, adj., abortive.

abot, n.m., clog (for horses’ fore feet).

abouchement (-boosh-mān), n.m., interview, conference, parley; (anat.) anastomosis, inosculation.

aboucher, v.a., to bring together, to confer.

s’aboucher, v.r., to have an interview; to confer with; to place one’s self in communication with; (anat.) to inosculate.

about, n.m., (carp.) end, butt-end.

abouté, -e, adj., placed end to end.

aboutement (-boot-mān), n.m., (carp.) but, abutment.

abouter, v.a., to join end to end.

aboutir, v.n., to join; to border upon; to meet; (surg.) to burst; to come to; to tend to; to end in. N’— à rien; to come to nothing; to end in smoke. Ce champ aboutit à un marais; this field borders upon a fen. Faire — un abcès; to bring an abscess to a head. S’aboutir (gard.); to bud, be covered with buds.

aboutissant, -e, adj., bordering upon.

aboutissants (rarely used without the word tenants), n.m., pl., boundaries of an estate; abuttals, particulars; connections. Je n’aime pas les tenants et — de cet homme; I do not like the set by which that man is surrounded. Savoir les tenants et — d’une affaire; to know all about a thing.

aboutissement (-mān), n.m., eking piece (tailoring); (surg.) the drawing to a head.

ab ovo, adv., from the very beginning.

aboyant, -e, adj., barking.

aboyer, v.n., to bark, to bay, to yelp; to dun. Il aboie après tout le monde; he snarls at everybody. — après quelque chose; to long for a thing, covet a thing. — à la lune; to bark when one cannot bite; to complain in vain.

aboyeur, n.m., barker; snarler; dun; touter; link-man (at the door of a theatre): (orni.) greenshank. Ce journaliste n’est qu’un —; this journalist is nothing but a snarling critic.

abrac, n.m., abraxas.

abracadabra, n.m., abracadabra (magical word).

abraquer, v.a., (nav.) to haul taut.

abrasion, n.m., (med.) abrasion, excoriation.

abraxas, n.m., abracadabra.

abrégé, -e, adj., short, summary.

abrégé, n.m., abridgment, compendium, epitome, abstract, summary. En —; in a few words, briefly. Réduire en —; to epitomize.

abréger, v.a., to abridge, to shorten, to epitomize; to abbreviate, to cut down, to cut short. Pour —; to be brief.

s’abréger, v.r., to become short, or shorter.

abreuvage, abreuvement, n.m., watering, soaking, steaming, priming.

abreuver, v.a., to water, to give drink to; to make drink; to soak, to drench; to fill; (paint.) to prepare, to prime; to soak (wood).

s’abreuver de, v.r., (of animals) to go to water; to drink plentifully; to be steeped in. S’— de larmes; to shed copious tears. S’— de douleurs; to be filled with grief; to drain to the dregs the cup of sorrow. Un cœur abreuvé de fiel; a heart steeped in gall.

abreuvoir, n.m., watering-place, horse-pond; (mas.) abreuvoir. — à mouches (burlesque style); a large wound or gash on the head or face.

abréviateur, n.m., abbreviator, abridger.

abréviati-f, -ve, adj., abbreviatory, abridging, abbreviating.

abréviation, n.f., abbreviation, contraction.

abri, n.m., shelter, cover. Être sous l’— d’un bois; to be sheltered by a wood. Sans —; homeless. Donner un — à; to shelter. À l’—; sheltered, under cover. Être à l’—; to be under shelter. Être à l’— du vent; to be sheltered from the wind. À l’— de la persécution; safe from persecution. Mettre à l’—; to shelter, screen.

abricot, n.m., apricot.

abricoté, n.m., candied apricot.

abricotier, n.m., apricot-tree.

abrier, v.a., (nav.) to becalm; to belee.

abriter, v.a., to shelter, to shield, to screen, to shade, to protect; (nav.) to becalm, belee.

abrité, -e, adj., (gard.) sheltered.

s’abriter, v.r., to shelter one’s self; to take shelter; to assist. Abritez-vous mutuellement; mutually assist each other.

abrivent, n.m., (gard.) matting, screen; shelter; sentry-box; hut.

abrogation, n.f., abrogation, repeal; annulment.

abroger, v.a., to abrogate, to repeal, to annul.

s’abroger, v.r., to fall into disuse, to grow obsolete.

abrome, n.m., (bot.) abroma.

abrouti, -e, adj., nipped, browsed.

abroutissement (-mān), n.m., damage done to trees by cattle browsing.

abrupt, -e, adj., rugged, craggy; (bot.) abrupt.

abruption, n.f., abruption; (surg.) rupture, fracture.

ex abrupto, adv., adj., suddenly, bluntly, off-hand, on the spur of the moment; abrupt, impetuous.

abrutir, v.a., to stupefy, to besot, to brutalize.

s’abrutir, v.r., to become stupid, to be besotted, to get brutalized.

abrutissant, -e, adj., brutalizing, stupefying.

abrutissement (-mān), n.m., brutishness, stupor, sottishness.

abrutisseur, n.m., brutalizer; adj., stupefying, brutalizing.

abscisse, n.f., (geom.) abscissa.

absence, n.f., absence, inadvertence, want of. — d’esprit; absence of mind. Avoir des —s d’esprit; to have fits of absence. Remarquer l’— de; to miss.

absent, -e, adj., absent, out of the way, missing, wanting; (of the mind) wandering.

absent, n.m., one absent, absentee. Les —s ont toujours tort; the absent are always in the wrong.

s’absenter, v.r., to absent one’s self; to keep out of the way.

absentéisme, n.m., absenteeism.

abside, n.f., (arch. and rel.) apse.

absinthe, n.f., absinthe, wormwood; bitters.

absolu, n.m., absolute, existing independent of any other cause.

absolu, -e, adj., absolute; arbitrary, despotical, unlimited; peremptory; magisterial; positive, unconditional; full, strict.

absolument, adv., absolutely, arbitrarily, peremptorily; positively, indispensably, fully. Il refusa —; he gave a flat denial.

absolution, n.f., absolution; acquittal; discharge. Sans avoir reçu l’—; unabsolved.

absolutisme, n.m., absolutism.

absolutiste, n.m.f., partisan of absolute power.

absolutoire, adj., absolutory.

absorbable, adj., absorbable.

absorbant, -e, adj., absorptive, absorbent.

absorbent, n.m., absorbent.

absorbé, -e, part., absorbed, engrossed, rapt in. Il est — dans l’étude; he is absorbed in study.

absorbement, n.m., absorption (of mind).

absorber, v.a., to absorb, to swallow up; to drink in, to consume, to waste; to engross, to occupy entirely; to take up.

s’absorber, v.r., to be absorbed, or swallowed up.

absorption, n.f., absorption.

absoudre (absolvant, absous), v.a., to absolve, to acquit, to bring in not guilty, to clear; to give absolution.

absou-s, -te, part., acquitted, absolved, discharged.

absoute, n.f., (c.rel.) general absolution.

abstème, adj., abstemious.

abstème, n.m.f., abstainer.

abstenant, -e, n.m.f., abstainer, total abstainer, teetotaler.

s’abstenir, v.r., to abstain, to refrain, to forbear, to forego. S’— de vin; to abstain from wine.

abstention, n.f., abstention, abstinency; withdrawal of a judge from a trial.

abstergent, -e, adj., (med.) cleansing; abstersive; abstergent.

abstergent, n.m., (med.) abstergent, detergent.

absterger, v.a., to absterge; to cleanse.

abstersi-f, -ve, adj., (med.) abstersive, cleansing.

abstersion, n.f., (surg.) abstersion.

abstinence, n.f., abstinence, temperance, sobriety, fasting.

abstinent, -e, adj., abstemious, sober.

abstracti-f, -ve, adj., abstractive.

abstraction, n.f., absence of mind, abstraction. Avoir des —s; to have fits of absence. Par —; abstractedly. — faite de; setting aside; exclusive of.

abstractivement (-mān), adv., abstractly, separately.

abstraire (abstrayant, abstrait), v.a., to draw from, to separate, to abstract.

abstrait, -e, adj., abstract; abstruse; inattentive, absent-minded.

abstraitement (-trèt-mān), adv., abstractedly, separately.

abstrus, -e, adj., abstruse, intricate, difficult; dark, obscure, recondite.

absurde, adj., absurd, nonsensical, foolish, irrational, preposterous. Réduire une opinion à l’—; to show the absurdity of an opinion. Tomber dans l’—; to fall into the absurd.

absurdement, adv., absurdly, nonsensically.

absurdité, n.f., absurdity, nonsense, preposterousness, foolishness.

abus, n.m., abuse, misuse, breach (of a thing); grievance; error. Réformer, corriger, les —; to redress grievances, nuisances. Appel comme d’— (leg.); appeal by writ of error.

abuser, v.n., to abuse, to impose on, to misuse, to use ill, to make a bad use of, to misemploy. Vous abusez de ma patience; you take advantage of my patience.

abuser, v.a., to cheat, to deceive, to delude, to gull.

s’abuser, v.r., to mistake, to be mistaken, to deceive one’s self.

abuseur, n.m., (l.u.), cheat, deceiver, impostor.

abusi-f, -ve, adj., abusive, improper, against rules, custom.

abusivement (-mān), adv., abusively, improperly.

abuter, v.a., to throw for first go, aim. v.n., (shipbuilding) to abut.

abyme, n.m. V. abîme.

acabit, n.m., quality (of fruits, vegetables); quality, stamp, kidney (of persons). Cet homme est d’un bon —; he is a good sort of fellow. Ce sont des gens du même —; they are all tarred with the same brush.

acacia, n.m., acacia; gum-tree.

académicien (-si-in), n.m., academician.

académie, n.f., academy, society of learned men; academy (division of the University of France); academy (Plato’s); university; ☉riding-school; pupils, school. Tenir —; to keep a gaming-house; (paint.) academy figure.

académique, adj., belonging to an academy, academical.

académiquement (-mik-mān), adv., academically.

☉académiser, v.n., to paint from a model.

académiste, n.m., academist, pupil.

*acagnarder, v.a., (fam.) to accustom to sloth; to make idle.

s’acagnarder, v.r., to grow slothful, to lead an idle life; to become besotted.

acajou, n.m., mahogany. Noix d’—; cashew nut. Pomme d’—; cashew apple.

acanthe, n.f., acanthus, bear’s foot.

acare or acarus, n.m., acarus, itch, animalcule, mite.

acariâtre, adj., crabbed, cross-grained, waspish, shrewish.

acariâtreté, n.f., peevishness, crabbedness.

acariens, n.m.pl., (ent.) acaridae.

acatalecte, acatalectique, n.m. and adj., acatalectic.

acatalepsie, n.f., (med.) acatalepsy.

acataleptique, adj., acataleptic.

acaule, adj., (bot.) acaulous, acaulose.

accablant, -e, adj., grievous, oppressive, insufferable, overwhelming; annoying, crushing, sweltering.

accablé, -e, adj., dejected, depressed. Être —; to be extremely low-spirited.

accablement, n.m., heaviness, languor, grief, dejection of spirits, oppression, discouragement. Être dans l’—; to be in the greatest dejection.

accabler, v.a., to crush, to bear down, to overwhelm; to throw, to weigh, to press down; to overload; to overpower; to afflict; to deject, to depress, to overwhelm; to load with, to heap on.

accalmie, n.f., (nav.) lull.

accaparement (-mān), n.m., monopoly, engrossment, forestalling, buying up.

accaparer, v.a., to engross, to monopolize, to forestall; to swallow up, to buy up.

accapareu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., monopolist, engrosser, forestaller, monopolizer.

*accastillage, n.m., the space occupied by the forecastle and quarter-deck; upper-work.

*accastiller, v.a., to provide a ship with a fore and a hind-castle.

*accastillé, -e, adj., (of a ship) having a fore and a hind-castle. Haut —; with high upper works.

accéder, v.n., to accede, to comply with, to agree to, consent.

accélérat-eur, -rice, adj., accelerative.

accélération, n.f., acceleration, haste, dispatch.

accéléré, -e, adj., accelerated, quickened. Au pas —; in double quick time. Pas —; quick march.

accélérer, v.a., to accelerate, to quicken; to despatch, to forward, to hasten.

☉accenser or acenser, v.a., to lease, to let, to rent, to annex, to join, to unite.

accent, n.m., stress of the voice, accent, note; pronunciation, emphasis, expression. — aigu, circonflexe, grave; acute, circumflex, grave, accent. — nasillard; twang. — très-fortement prononcé; broad accent. Sans —; unaccented. Prêtez l’oreille à mes —s; hearken to my strain.

accenteur, n.m., (ornith.) accentor.

accentuation, n.f., accentuation.

accentué, -e, adj., accented, accentuated.

accentuer, v.a., to accent, to accentuate, to lay stress on.

acceptable, adj., acceptable, worth accepting.

acceptant, n.m., (jur.) accepter.

acceptation, n.f., acceptance.

accepter, v.a., to accept, to receive, to admit; to resign one’s self to. Qui vaut la peine d’être accepté; worth accepting.

accepteur, n.m., (com.) acceptor.

☉acceptilation, n.f., acceptilation.

acception, n.f., respect, regard; (of words) sense, meaning, acceptation. — de personnes; respect of persons.

accès, n.m., access, approach, admittance, attack, fit (of fever), paroxysm, madness. Par —; by fits and starts.

accessibilité, n.f., accessibility.

accessible, adj., accessible, approachable, easy to come at.

accession, n.f., access, entry; accession; adhesion.

accessit (-sit), n.m., the second best, the first after the prizeman (in academies, schools). Proxime —; honorable mention.

accessoire, adj., accessory, additional.

accessoire, n.m., accessory, minor; (paint.) accessory; (thea.) property. Fournisseur d’—s or chef d’—; property-man.

accessoirement, adv., accessorily.

accident, n.m., accident, incident, casualty; (paint.) accident; (med.) symptom, complication; (mus.) incidental; irregularity, undulation (in ground). Par —; accidentally.

accidenté, -e, adj., rough, uneven, unequal, broken, hilly (of ground); picturesque.

accidentel, -le, adj., accidental, adventitious, incidental; fortuitous, eventual, casual.

accidentellement (-mān), adv., accidentally, casually, by chance.

accipitres, n.m.pl., accipiters.

accipitrin, -e, adj., accipitrine.

accise, n.f., inland duty, excise. Préposé a l’—; exciseman.

acclamation, n.f., acclamation, shout, cheering, huzza, applause. Saluer par des —s; to cheer.

acclamer, v.a., to acclaim, to applaud, to hail, to welcome.

acclamper, v.a., (nav.) to clamp.

acclimatable, adj., acclimatizable.

acclimatation, acclimatement, n.f., acclimatization.

acclimater, v.a., to acclimatize, to accustom to a climate.

s’acclimater, v.r., to become acclimatized.

accointance, n.f., (fam. and b.s.) acquaintance, commerce, intimacy, connection.

s’accointer, v.r., to become or get intimately acquainted with any one.

accoisement, n.m., appeasement.

accoiser, v.a., to appease, calm, quiet. S’—, v.r., to become appeased; to end.

accolade, n.f., embrace, hug; accolade; (cook. —, mus. — print.) brace; a crooked line. — brisée; (print.) half-brace. Une — de lapereaux; a brace of rabbits. Donner l’— à; to embrace, to dub a knight. Recevoir l’—; to be made a knight.

accolader, v.a., to bracket.

accolage, n.m., tying up; nailing up.

accolé, -e, part., (her.) joined together.

accolement, n.m., joining, uniting; union.

accoler, v.a., to hug, to embrace; to place side by side; to couple; (hort.) to prop, to tie up.

accolure, n.f., (agri.) a band of straw, osier.

accommodable, adj., that may be arranged; accommodable.

accommodage, n.m., the dressing of meat, cooking; hair-dressing.

accommodant, -e, adj., accommodating, complying, courteous.

accommodé, -e, part., favored, fitted up, adjusted; (cook.) dressed; well off, well to do.

accommodement (-mān), n.m., accommodation, agreement, arrangement, composition; settlement; reconciliation; way, medium. Un homme d’—; a man easy to deal with. En venir à un —; to come to terms.

accommoder, v.a., to adapt, to accommodate, to fit, to make up; to mend, to improve; to reconcile, to conciliate; to adjust; to be convenient; to dress, to trim; to cook; to treat, to serve out; to thrash; to let have, to sell. Ceci vous accommodera-t-il? will this suit you?

s’accommoder, v.r., to agree, to come to terms; to accommodate one’s self; to suit; to make free with; to be pleased with, to put up with. — à tout; to put up with anything. — de tout; to be pleased with everything.

*accompagnat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., (mus.) accompanist.

*accompagnement (-mān), n.m., accompanying; attendance, retinue; accompaniment; accessory, appendix. — de quatuor; accompaniment for stringed instruments. — d’harmonie; accompaniment for wind instruments. — à grand orchestre; full accompaniment.

*accompagner, v.a., to accompany, to escort, to wait on, to attend; to be of the retinue, to follow; to match, to suit with; to add, to back; to be the accompanist. J’ai eu l’honneur de l’— chez elle; I had the honor of seeing her home.

s’accompagner, v.r., to be accompanied; to accompany one’s self (on an instrument).

accompli, -e, adj., accomplished, performed, fulfilled; complete; faultless, perfect. Une beauté —; a perfect beauty.

accomplir, v.a., to accomplish, to effect; to finish, to complete; to fulfill, to make good. — sa promesse; to carry out one’s promise.

s’accomplir, v.r., to be accomplished, to be performed, to be past.

accomplissement (-mān), n.m., accomplishment, fulfillment; completion, execution, observance.

accon, n.m., small lighter, punt.

accoquiner. V. acoquiner.

accorage, n.m., propping.

accord, n.m., agreement, bargain, contract, convention, settlement, stipulation; consent, concurrence; good understanding, unity; (mus.) accord, chord; (paint.) harmony, accord. Être d’—; demeurer d’—; tomber d’—; to agree, to be agreed. Mettre d’—; to reconcile. D’—; granted, done. D’un commun —; by common consent. Être d’—; (mus.) to be in tune. Tenir d’—; to keep in tune.

accordable, adj., grantable, that may be granted; (mus.) tunable; (of men) reconcilable.

*accordailles, n.f.pl., (pop.) the ceremony of signing the articles of marriage, espousals.

accordant, -e, adj., (mus.) accordant, tunable, harmonious, concordant.

accorde! int. (nav.) now! (order given to rowers to pull together).

accordé, n.m., -e, n.f., bridegroom, bride (after the marriage articles are signed); one who is betrothed, granted.

accordéon, n.m., accordion.

accorder, v.a., to grant, to allow, to accord, to give, to allot, to bestow, to concede; to admit, to give up; to make friends, to reconcile; (gram.) to make agree; (mus.) to tune, to string. — mal; to mistune. Accordez vos flûtes; agree upon it between you.

s’accorder, v.r., to agree, to suit, to be suited, to accord, to correspond; to square; to join, to concur. S’— du prix; to agree upon the price. Il ne s’accorde pas avec lui-même; he is inconsistent with himself.

accordeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., tuner (of instruments). Clef d’—; tuning-hammer.

accordoir, n.m., tuning-hammer.

accore, n.f., (nav.) shore, prop, stanchion.

accore, adj., bluff, steep.

accorer, v.a., (nav.) to shore up, to prop, to stay, to wedge.

accorné, -e, adj., (her.) horned.

accort, -e, adj., flexible, complying, courteous, affable.

accortise, n.f., complaisance, affability, courtesy.

accostable, adj., (l.u.) accostable, easy of access. Il n’est pas —; he is not approachable.

accoste, n.m., (nav.) order to bring alongside.

accoster, v.a., to accost, to make up to, to come or go up to one, to join, to couple; (nav.) to come alongside.

s’accoster de, v.r., to keep company with, to make acquaintance with, to frequent.

accotar, n.m. V. accotoir.

accotement, n.m., (engineering) driftway; (rail.) bank, outer way.

accoter, v.a., to prop up, to support, to bear up, to lean; (hort.) to dung, to match, to screen.

s’accoter, v.r., to lean on anything, to support one’s self.

accotoir, n.m., prop, leaning-stock, stanchion; (nav.) stay, shore.

accouchée, n.f., a woman in child-bed, lying-in woman.

accouchement (-koosh-mān), n.m., child-bed; delivery, confinement, accouchement; obstetrics; midwifery. Hôpital des —s; lying-in hospital. Faire un —; to deliver a woman.

accoucher, v.n., to lie in, to be brought to bed, to be delivered. — avant terme; to miscarry. Accouchez donc! (fam.) come, out with it!

accoucher, v.a., to deliver a woman.

accoucheur, n.m., man-midwife, accoucheur.

accoucheuse, n.f., a midwife.

s’accouder, v.r., to lean on one’s elbow.

accoudoir, n.m., anything to lean the elbow upon, elbow-rest, sill, rail.

accouer, v.a., to tie the halter of the first horse to the tail of the second, and so on; to wound a stag in the shoulder, to ham-string him.

accoulins, n.m.pl., alluvion; clay for making bricks.

accouple, n.f., leash, brace, couple.

accouplement, n.m., coupling, pairing, joining or yoking together; copulation.

accoupler, v.a., to couple; to tack or join together; to yoke; to match, to pair. — des bœufs; to yoke oxen.

s’accoupler, v.r., to couple, to copulate; to pair.

accourcie, n.f., short cut; a passage formed in a ship’s hold, to go fore and aft.

accourcir, v.a., to shorten, to make shorter, to abridge.

s’accourcir, v.r., to shorten, to grow shorter, to decrease.

accourcissement (-mān), n.m., shortening, diminution.

accourir, v.n., to run to, to hasten, to flock together, to run at, to rush at.

accoutré, -e, part., accoutred, dressed.

accoutrement, n.m., (jest. or iron.) garb, dress, gear.

accoutrer, v.a., (jest. or iron.) to dress out, rig out.

s’accoutrer, v.r., to dress one’s self out in, to rig one’s self out.

☉accoutumance, n.f., habit, custom.

accoutumé, -e, adj., accustomed, habitual, used to. À l’—e; as usual, customarily.

accoutumer, v.a., to accustom, to use, to habituate; to inure.

accoutumer, v.n., to use, to be wont.

s’accoutumer, v.r., to accustom, to use, to inure one’s self.

☉accouvé, -e, (fam.) adj., brooding over (the fire).

accréditer, v.a., to accredit; to give reputation, credit, sanction to; to bring into vogue, to procure esteem, to confirm, to spread (rumors).

s’accréditer, v.r., to get a name or reputation, to get into credit; to ingratiate one’s self.

accrétion, n.f., (med.) accretion.

accroc (-krô), n.m., impediment, hitch, hindrance; rent, tear. Faire un — à; to tear.

☉accroche, n.f., hindrance, obstacle, hitch.

accroche-cœur, n.m., (—) (curl) heart-breaker, kiss-curl. En —; curled up, twisted.

accrochement, n.m., locking (of carriages); difficulty, hitch, delay.

accrocher, v.a., to hang up or upon, to hook; to catch, to tear; to get, to pick up; to lock, to get locked with; to grapple (a ship); to delay, stop, put off, pawn. — sa montre; to pawn one’s watch. Il lui à accroché de l’argent; he has done him out of some money.

s’accrocher, v.r., to catch in; to hang on; to lay hold of, to cling to.

accroire, v.a., to believe. Faire — à; to make believe. En faire — à quelqu’un; to impose upon any one. S’en faire —; to be self-conceited, to overrate one’s self.

accroissement, n.m., increase, growth, enlargement, extension, development.

accroître, v.a., to increase, to enlarge, to amplify, to augment, to raise.

accroître, v.n., to increase, to augment.

s’accroître, v.r., to increase, to grow; to be augmented or advanced, to improve.

accroupi, -e, adj., squat, cowering, crouching.

s’accroupir, v.r., to sit down upon the hams or heels, to squat, to crouch.

accroupissement (-mān), n.m., cowering, squatting, crouching.

accru, n.m., sprig produced by roots, shoot.

accrue, n.f., increase of land caused by the retiring of waters; encroachment by trees on adjoining land.

*accueil (-keu), n.m., reception, welcome, greeting; (com.) protection, honor (of bills). Faire —; to receive kindly (of bills), to meet. Recevoir bon —; to meet with due honor, protection; to be greeted, welcomed; (com.) to be met, honored (of bills).

*accueillir (-keu-), v.a., to receive, to make welcome, to entertain; to hail; to overtake; to assail; (com.) to honor; to protect. Être bien accueilli; to be received with a hearty welcome. La tempête nous accueillit; the storm overtook us.

accul, n.m., place that has no egress; blind alley; small bay, cove; (hunt.) terrier, lodge, hole; breeching (of a cannon).

acculer, v.a., to bring to a stand; to drive into a corner; to drive into a place from which there is no escape; (hunt.) to run home.

acculer, v.n., (of carts) to hang backwards.

accumulat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., accumulator.

accumulation, n.f., accumulation.

accumuler, v.a., to accumulate, to heap up, to store, to amass. — crime sur crime; to heap crime upon crime.

s’accumuler, v.r., to accumulate, to increase.

accusable, adj., accusable, impeachable, chargeable.

accusat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., accuser, indicter, impeacher.

accusatif, n.m., (gram.) accusative case. A l’—; in the accusative.

accusation, n.f., accusation, indictment, impeachment, charge; complaint; prosecution. Chef d’—; count of an indictment. Mise en —; arraignment. Intenter une —; to prefer an indictment. Mettre en —; to impeach. Prononcer la mise en —; to find a true bill.

accusatoire, adj., accusatory.

accusé, n.m., -e, n.f., accused, prisoner, culprit. — de réception; (com.) acknowledgment of letter, receipt.

accuser, v.a., to accuse of, to charge with; to indict, to impeach; to reproach, to tax; to blame; to dispute the validity of a deed; to mention, to give notice; (fig.) to show, to indicate, to betray, to attest. — réception d’une lettre; to acknowledge the receipt of a letter.

s’accuser, v.r., to accuse one’s self.

acéphale, adj., acephalous, without a head.

acéphales, n.m.pl., acephala.

acérain, -e, adj., relating to steel, steely.

acerbe, adj., sour, sharp, acerb; harsh, bitter.

acerbité, n.f., acerbity, harshness; bitterness.

acéré, -e, adj., steely, steeled; sharp, keen, sharp-edged; acerose.

acérer, v.a., to steel.

☉acéreu-x, -se, adj., acerose, needle-shaped.

acescence, n.f., acescency, acidifying.

acescent, -e, adj., acescent.

acétabule, n.m., acetabulum.

acétate, n.m., acetate.

acéteu-x, -se, adj., acetous.

acétique, adj., acetic.

achalandage, n.m., custom, connection; good will and fixtures.

achalandé, -e, part., having custom. Boutique bien —e; a well-frequented shop, doing or driving a good trade.

achalander, v.a., to get custom, to procure customers, to procure custom to.

s’achalander, v.r., to get or draw, attract, customers.

acharné, -e, adj., fleshed; rabid; infuriated; implacable; desperate; obstinate; intense. Un combat —; a desperate fight. Une haine —e; an implacable hatred.

acharnement, n.m., tenacity; rancor, blind fury; stubbornness, ill-nature; obstinacy, desperation. Avec —; unmercifully. C’est de l’—; this is rank fury.

acharner, v.a., to flesh; to rouse, to madden; to set on; to embitter, to envenom.

s’acharner, v.r., to be intent, bent, set upon; to set one’s heart upon; to persist in; to be infuriated, implacable. Il s’acharne à l’étude; his heart is set upon study.

☉achars, n.m.pl., Indian pickles.

achat, n.m., purchase, purchasing, buying; bargain. Faire des —s; to purchase.

ache, n.f., (bot.) smallage.

achée, n.f., worms, gentles, bait.

acheminement (ash-mi-n-mān), n.m., step; preparatory measure, means, way, dispatch.

acheminer (ash-mi-né), v.a., to forward, to send on.

s’acheminer, v.r., to set out or forward, to make one’s way towards; to begin one’s journey; to proceed towards; to get on.

acheter (ash-té), v.a., to buy, to purchase, to bribe. — cher ou bon marché; to buy dear or cheap. — en bloc; to buy in a lump. — chat en poche; to buy a pig in a poke.

s’acheter, v.r., to buy for one’s self, to be bought.

acheteur (ash-teur), n.m., buyer, purchaser, last bidder.

achevé, -e, part., finished, perfect, exquisite, absolute; downright, consummate, arrant. Beauté —e; a perfect beauty. Sot —; downright ass.

achèvement (-shev-mān), n.m., completion, finishing, conclusion.

achever (ash-vé), v.a., to finish, to put the finishing hand to; to close, to end, to conclude, to terminate, to perfect, to crown, to consummate; to dispatch, to kill. — de boire; to drink up. Achevez! out with it! Il n’acheva pas; he said no more.

acheveur, -se, n.m.f., finisher.

achillée, n.f., (bot.) milfoil, yarrow.

achit, n.m., wild vine.

achoppement (-shop-mān), n.m., stumbling, impediment. Pierre d’—; stumbling-block.

achopper, v.n., to stumble, to knock one’s self against anything; (fig.) to fail.

achromatique (-kro-), adj., achromatic.

achromatisme (-kro-), n.m., (opt.) achromatism.

☉achronique (-kro-), adj. V. acronyque.

aciculaire, adj., acicular, needle-shaped.

acide, n.m., acid.

acide, adj., acid, sour, tart, sharp.

acidifier, v.a., to acidify.

acidité, n.f., acidity, sourness, sharpness, tartness.

acidule, adj., of the nature of acids, acidulous.

acidulé, -e, adj., acidulated.

aciduler, v.a., to acidulate.

acier, n.m., steel. — fondu; cast steel. — indien, — wootz; wootz. — poule, — de cémentation; blistered steel. Articles d’—; steel wares. Bijouterie d’—; polished steel wares. Fil d’—; steel wire.

aciérage, n.m., (metal.) the hardening of copper, steeling, plating with steel.

aciération, n.f., the converting of iron into steel.

aciérer, v.a., to convert into steel, to steel.

aciérie, n.f., steel manufactory, steel-works.

acineu-x, -se, adj., acinose, acinous.

aciniforme, adj., aciniform.

acmé, n.m., (med.) acme.

acné, n.f., (med.) acne.

acolyte, n.m., acolothist, acolyte; companion, confederate, associate.

acompte, n.m., installment, partial payment.

acon, n.m. V. accon.

aconit (-nit), n.m., aconite, wolf’s-bane, monk’s hood. — tue-chien; dog’s-bane.

acoquinant, -e, adj., (fam.) alluring, engaging, captivating.

acoquiner, v.a., (fam.) to allure, to bewitch; to captivate.

s’acoquiner, v.r., (fam.) to be bewitched, to be greatly attached to. Il s’acoquine auprès de cette femme; he is much in love with that woman.

acotylédone, adj., (of plants) acotyledonous.

acoup, n.m., (—s) jerk, sudden stop, or halt.

acoustique, n.f. (n.p.), acoustics.

acoustique, adj., acoustic. Cordon —; speaking-pipe. Cornet —; ear-trumpet. Voûte —; whispering dome, gallery.

acquéreur, n.m., buyer, purchaser.

acquérir (acquérant, acquis), v.a., to acquire, to purchase, to buy, to obtain; to get, to achieve, to attain, to gain, to win.

s’acquérir, v.r., to get, to be gotten, to be acquired, obtained, or purchased, to win for one’s self.

acquêt, n.m., (jur.) common property of two married people, acquisition, purchase.

acquiescement (-mān), n.m., acquiescence, compliance, consent, willingness.

acquiescer, v.n., to acquiesce, to agree, to assent, to yield, to comply.

acquis, part. of Acquérir.

acquis, -e, adj., acquired; added; secured; (med.) adventitious.

acquis, n.m., acquired knowledge, acquirements, attainments.

acquisition, n.f., acquisition, getting, acquiring, attaining, purchase, conquest. Contrat d’—; deed of purchase.

acquit, n.m., discharge, receipt; lead (at billiards). Par manière d’—; for form’s sake. Jouer à l’—; to play who shall pay for the whole. Pour acquit (on bills), paid. Donner — de; to give a receipt for. Mettre son — à; to put “paid” on to receipt.

acquit-à-caution, n.m., (—s-—) (customs) permit.

☉acquit-patent, n.m., (—s-—s) royal decree granting the remission of a debt.

acquittement (-mān), n.m., payment, clearing off, liquidation; acquittal.

acquitter, v.a., to pay, to pay off, to clear, to quit; to receipt; to acquit, to discharge.

s’acquitter, v.r., to fulfill, to perform; to pay off one’s debts, to pay off, to be quits.

acre, n.f., acre.

âcre, adj., sharp, sour, tart, acrimonious; bitter, biting; acrid.

âcreté, n.f., acridity, sharpness, sourness, tartness, acrimony.

acrimonie, n.f., acrimony, sharpness, keenness.

acrimonieu-x, -se, adj., acrimonious, sharp.

acrobate, n.m.f., rope-dancer.

acronyque, adj., (astr.), acronic, acronical.

acropole, n.f., acropolis.

acrostiche, n.m., acrostic.

acrotère, n.m., (arch.) acroterium, blocking course; (nav.) cape, headland.

acte, n.m., act; deed; indenture, instrument; document; charter; pl., records, public registers, rolls, proceedings. — faux; forged deed. Expédition d’un —; copy of a deed. Donner — de; to deliver an official certificate of. Rédiger un —; to draw up a document. Faire acte de présence; to put in an appearance, to show one’s self. Prendre —; to make a note of, to put down.

act-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., actor; actress; player.

actif, n.m., (n.p.) assets (pl.); (gram.) active voice. Actif et passif; assets and liabilities. Actif; receipts of a budget.

acti-f, -ve, adj., active; real, actual; quick, nimble, brisk, agile, stirring, busy, energetic. Dettes actives; assets.

action, n.f., action, act, agency, operation, virtue, motion; deed, feat, performance; gesture, posture; engagement, battle; suit, plea; share, stock. — cessible (com.); transferable share. — nominative; personal share. Promesse d’—s; scrip. Détenteur de promesse d’—s; scrip-holder. Titre d’une —; document of a share. Par —s; joint-stock. — d’éclat; splendid achievement. —s de banque; bank stock. Hausse, baisse, des —s; rise, fall, of shares. — de grâces; thanksgiving. En —; in motion. Entrer en —; to begin opérations. Intenter une — à quelqu’un; to bring an action against any one. Mettre en —; to carry into action, to carry out. En —; (mach.) in gear. Hors d’—; out of gear.

actionnaire, n.m., shareholder, stockholder.

actionner, v.a., to bring an action, to sue at law. S’—; to bestir oneself.

activement (-mān), adv., actively, vigorously.

activer, v.a., to press, to hasten, to forward, to expedite.

activité, n.f., action, activity; nimbleness, expedition, dispatch, employment. En —; in activity, in active service.

actualisation, n.f., actualness, adaptation to the times.

actualiser, v.a., to actualize.

actualité, n.f., actuality, passing event; question of the hour.

actuel, -le, adj., actual, real; present.

actuellement (-èl-mān), adv., now, at this very time.

acuité, n.f., (mus.) acuteness, keenness.

acuminé, -e, adj., (bot.) acuminated.

acuponcture, n.f., (surg.) acupuncture.

acutangle, adj., acute-angled.

acutangulé, -e, adj., (bot.) acute-angled.

adage, n.m., adage, proverb; saying.

adagio, n.m., (—s) (mus.) adagio.

adagio, adv., (mus.) adagio, slowly.

adamantin, -e, adj., adamantine.

adaptation, n.f., adaptation.

adapter, v.a., to apply, to adapt; to suit; to fit.

s’adapter, v.r., to apply, fit, suit. Qui peut —; which is adaptable.

adapteur, n.m.f., adapter.

addition (ad-di-), n.f., addition; accession; bill, reckoning; (print.) marginal note. — composée; compound addition. — en hache (print.); interlineary matter. Faire l’— de; to add, to sum up.

additionnel, -le, adj., additional.

additionner, v.a., to add, to cast up.

adducteur, n.m., (anat.) adductor.

adducteur, adj., (anat.) adducent.

adduction, n.f., (anat.) adduction.

ademption, n.f., (jur.) revocation of a legacy.

adepte, n.m.f., adept.

adéquat, -e (-kouat), adj., (philos.) complete, entire, adequate.

adhérence, n.f., adhesion; adherence, attachment.

adhérent, -e, adj., adherent, sticking to.

adhérent, n.m., adherer, follower, partisan.

adhérer, v.n., to adhere, to be adherent, to cling, to hold, to cleave, to stick; to adhere to, to approve.

adhési-f, -ve, adj., adhesive.

adhésion, n.f., adhesion, adherence; compliance.

ad hoc, adv., to that effect or purpose.

ad hominem, adv., personal, direct. Argument —; argumentum ad hominem.

☉ad honores, adv., honorary.

adiante, n.m., (bot.) adiantum, maiden-hair.

adieu, adv., adieu, farewell, good-bye. Dire —, faire ses adieux à; to bid adieu. Sans —; without bidding you adieu, without saying good-bye. — va! (nav.) about ship!

adieu, n.m., farewell, parting, leave. Faire ses —x; to take one’s leave.

adipeu-x, -se, adj., adipous, adipose, fat.

adipocire, n.f., adipocere.

adiposité, n.f., adipose or fatty condition.

adirer, v.a., (jur.) to mislay, to lose.

adition, n.f., (jur.) acceptance of an inheritance.

adjacent, -e, adj., adjacent, bordering upon, contiguous.

adjectif, n.m., (gram.) adjective.

adjecti-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) adjectival.

adjectivement (-mān), adv., adjectively.

adjoindre, v.a., to adjoin, to associate, to give as an assistant. S’—; to take as a partner.

adjoint, n.m., adjunct, associate, colleague, assistant, deputy. Maire —; deputy mayor.

adjonction, n.f., adjunction, union, annexation.

adjudant, n.m., adjutant. Fonctions d’—; adjutancy. — de place; town adjutant.

adjudicataire, n.m.f., purchaser, contractor, highest bidder.

adjudicataire, adj., purchasing; contracting.

adjudicat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., awarder.

adjudicati-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) adjudging.

adjudication, n.f., adjudication; auction; contract, award. Par —; by contract. Mettre en —; to contract for.

adjuger, v.a., to adjudge, to adjudicate, to award. Adjugé! (at auctions) gone!

s’adjuger, v.r., to appropriate to one’s own use.

adjuration, n.f., adjuration, imprecation.

adjurer, v.a., to adjure; to conjure, to call upon, to beseech.

adjuvant, n.m., (med.) adjuvant.

ad libitum (-tom), adv., ad libitum, at will, at pleasure.

admettre, v.a., to admit, to receive; to allow, to approve of, to suppose; to adopt; to give admittance, to take in; to let in, to suffer to come into, to let enter.

adminicule, n.m., (jur.) presumptive proof.

administra-teur, n.m., -trice, n.f., administrator, administratrix, manager, trustee, governor, curator; guardian (of the poor).

administrati-f, -ve, adj., administrative.

administration, n.f., administration, management, direction, government, conduct. Mauvaise —; maladministration.

administrativement, adv., administratively.

administré, n.m., -e, n.f., person under one’s administration or jurisdiction.

administrer, v.a., to administer, to manage, to officiate, to govern; to minister, to dispense; (jur.) to furnish, find. Droit d’—; letters of administration. — des témoins; to find, produce, witnesses.

s’administrer, v.r., to administer to one’s self; to be managed, to be administered.

admirable, adj., admirable, wonderful.

admirablement, adv., admirably, wonderfully.

admirat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., admirer, praiser.

admirati-f, -ve, adj., of admiration or exclamation, wondering. D’un air —; with a wondering look.

admiration, n.f., admiration, wonder, marvel. Point d’—; note of exclamation. Avoir de l’— pour, Être dans l’—; to admire. Saisir d’—; to strike with admiration.

admirer, v.a., to admire, to wonder at.

admissibilité, n.f., admissibility.

admissible, adj., allowable, admissible.

admission, n.f., admission, admittance, reception.

admonestation, n.f., admonishment, admonition.

admonester, v.a., (jur.) to admonish, to warn, to reprimand.

admonit-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., adviser.

admonition, n.f., admonition, advice, exhortation, reprimand.

adné, -e, adj., (bot.) adnate.

adolescence, n.f., adolescence.

adolescent, n.m., -e, n.f., lad; lass; stripling.

adolescent, -e, adj., adolescent.

adonien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., (poet.) adonic.

adonique. V. adonien.

adonis (-nis), n.m., Adonis, beau; (bot.) adonis, pheasant’s-eye.

adoniser, v.a., to deck out, to make fine.

s’adoniser, v.r., to bedizen one’s self.

adonner, v.n., (nav.) to veer aft.

s’adonner, v.r., to give, to apply, to devote, to addict one’s self, to give one’s mind (to a thing — à quelque chose), to follow, to take to a thing. S’— au vin, to become addicted to drinking.

adoptable, adj., that can be adopted.

adoptant, n.m., adopter.

adopté, n.m., -e, n.f., adoptive son, daughter, heir, &c.

adopter, v.a., to adopt; to embrace, to espouse, to sanction, to pass, to carry.

adopti-f, -ve, adj., adoptive, by adoption. Enfant —; adoptive child. Père —; foster-father.

adoption, n.f., adoption.

adorable, adj., adorable, charming, delightful.

adorablement, adv., adorably, delightfully.

adorat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., adorer, worshiper, great admirer.

adoration, n.f., adoration, worshiping; worship; admiration, respect, reverence.

adorer, v.a., to adore, to worship; to have a passionate love for.

ados, n.m., (gard.) shelving-bed, border (against a wall).

adossé, -e, adj., back to back; resting or standing against; indorsed (of a bill).

adossement, n.m., position back to back; backing, indorsement.

adosser, v.a., to set or lean with the back against a thing, to put back to back. S’— contre un mur; to lean up against a wall.

adouber, v.n., (chess) to adjust a piece; (nav.) to mend, to repair.

adoucir, v.a., to soften, to mitigate, to sweeten; to modify, to compose, to calm, to soothe; to smooth, to appease; to ease, to allay, to relieve, to cool, to pacify; to tame. Rien ne peut — son chagrin; nothing can mitigate his sorrow. — un esprit irrité; to appease an exasperated mind.

s’adoucir, v.r., to grow cool, soft, mild; to be assuaged, mitigated; to relent; (of weather) to get milder.

adoucissant, n.m., emollient, mollifier.

adoucissant, -e, adj., softening, soothing, emollient.

adoucissement (-mān), n.m., sweetening, softening, mollifying; assuaging, appeasing; ease, mitigation, palliation, alleviation, relief, consolation.

adoucisseur, n.m., glass-polisher.

adoué, -e, adj., (hunt.) coupled, paired.

ad patres (-ess), to kingdom come. Aller —; to be gathered to one’s fathers.

adrachne (-rakn), n.m., strawberry-tree. V. arbousier.

adragant, -e, adj., tragacanth.

adragant, n.m., tragacanth; gum-dragon.

ad rem, adv., pertinently. Répondre —; to answer pertinently, to the point.

adresse, n.f., speech, direction, address; skill, dexterity, expertness, cleverness, ingenuity; shrewdness, cunning, direction, destination. Être à l’— de; to be directed to. Faire tenir à son —; to forward to its destination. Tour d’—; legerdemain. Avoir l’adresse de; to be artful enough to.

adresser, v.a., to direct, to address. — mal; to misdirect.

s’adresser, v.r., to be directed; to address one’s self, to apply, to make application, to appeal to. — ici; apply within. Vous vous adressez mal; you mistake your man. — bien; you come to the right person.

adroit, -e, adj., dexterous, ingenious, clever, skillful; handy, neat; cunning, shrewd, artful.

adroitement (-droat-mān), adv., adroitly, skillfully, artfully, cleverly, happily; smartly, handily.

adulaire, n.f., (min.) adularia, moon-stone, sun-stone.

adula-teur, n.m., -trice, n.f., adulator, flatterer, fawner, sycophant; parasite.

adula-teur, -trice, adj., adulatory, parasitical.

adulation, n.f., adulation, flattery, sycophancy.

aduler, v.a., to fawn upon, to cringe to, to flatter.

adulte, adj., adult, grown-up.

adulte, n.m.f., adult.

adultération, n.f., (pharm.) adulteration.

adultère, n.f., adulteress.

adultère, n.m., adulterer; adultery.

adultère, adj., adulterous; adulterate. Femme —; adulteress.

adultérer, v.a., (pharm.) to adulterate.

adultérin, n.m., -e, n.f., adulterine child.

adultérin, -e, adj., adulterine.

aduste, adj., (med.) adust, burnt up.

adustion, n.f., (med.) adustion, burning.

advenant, part., occurring, in case, in the event of. — le décès; in the event of the death.

advenir, v.n., to occur, happen, to chance, befall. Advienne que pourra; happen what may.

adventice, adj., adventitious.

adventi-f, -ve, adj., adventive, casual.

adverbe, n.m., (gram.) adverb.

adverbial, -e, adj., adverbial.

adverbialement (-mān), adv., adverbially.

adverbialité, n.f., adverbial nature of.

adversaire, n.m., adversary, opponent, antagonist, opposer.

adversati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) adversative.

adverse, adj., adverse, opposite. Avocat —; counsel on the opposite side.

adversité, n.f., adversity, affliction.

adynamie, n.f., (med.) adynamy, debility.

adynamique, adj., adynamic.

aérage, n.m., ventilation, airing. Puits d’—; air-shaft.

aération, n.f., aëration, airing.

aéré, -e, adj., aired, airy.

aérer, v.a., to air, to renew the air; (chem.) to aërate.

aérien, -ne (-in-e-n), adj., aërial.

aériennement, adv., aërially, in the air.

aérifère, adj., aërial.

aériforme, adj., aëriform.

aériser, v.a., to aërify.

aérodynamique, n.f., aëro-dynamics.

aérographie, n.f., aërography.

aérolithe, n.m., aërolite, aërolith.

aérologie, n.f., aërology.

aéromancie, n.f., aëromancy.

aéromètre, n.m., aërometer.

aérométrie, n.f., aërometry.

aéronaute, n.m.f., aëronaut. Art, science de l’—; aëronautics.

aérophobie, n.f., aërophobia.

aérostat, n.m., aërostat; air-balloon.

aérostation, n.f., aërostation.

aérostatique, adj., aërostatic.

aétite, n.f., aëtites, eagle-stone.

affabilité, n.f., affability, affableness, kindness, courtesy.

affable, adj., affable, courteous, of easy manners.

affablement, adv., affably, courteously.

affabulation, n.f., the moral of a fable.

affadir, v.a., to make unsavory or insipid; to flatten; to be nauseous, to cloy, to pall, to satiate.

s’affadir, v.r., to become insipid.

affadissement (-mān), n.m., cloying, insipidity, nauseousness.

affaiblir, v.a., to enfeeble, to weaken, to debilitate; to impair, to attenuate; to debase (coins).

affaiblir, v.n., to grow weak, to weaken, to droop.

s’affaiblir, v.r., to grow weak, to be impaired, to become enfeebled; to abate.

affaiblissant, -e, adj., weakening, enfeebling.

affaiblissement (-mān), n.m., weakening, enfeebling, impairment, diminution of strength; allaying, abatement; debasement (of coins).

affaire, n.f., thing, affair, matter; business, concern, job, duty; dealing; trouble, scrape, quarrel; action, case, lawsuit; fight, skirmish, battle; need, occasion, want; work, transaction. Belle —; fine thing, pretty mess, trifling matter. —s courantes; current business. — de rien; trifling affair. — d’intérêt; money matter. Bien, mal, dans ses —; in good, bad, circumstances. Homme d’—s; man of business, agent, steward, middleman. Relation d’—s; mercantile connection. Dans les —s; in business. En —; engaged in business. Pour —; on business. Aller à ses —s; to go to one’s business. S’attirer une —; to get into a scrape. Avoir — à; to have to deal with. Avoir — avec; to have business with. Avoir bien des —s; to be much employed. Avoir des —s pardessus la tête; to be over head and ears in business. Céder ses —s; to give up business. Être à ses —s; to attend to business. Eviter les —s; to keep clear of scrapes. Faire des —s; to do business. Faire l’— de quelqu’un; to answer some one’s purpose, turn. Faire son — à quelqu’un; to settle any one’s business, do for him. Faire de grandes —s; to carry on an extensive business. Ne faire rien à l’—; not to affect the matter. Mettre quelqu’un dans les —s; to set any one up in business, to apprentice any one to a business. Se retirer des —s; to retire from business. Sortir d’une — avec honneur; to come off honorably. Tirer d’—; to extricate, to help out. Se tirer d’—; to get out of trouble, to get on in the world. Vaquer aux —s; to attend to business. Vider une —; to settle an affair. C’est, ce n’est pas, une —; it is no, it is an, easy matter. J’ai votre —; I have what you want, the very thing for you. Je ferai son —; I will do for him. C’est mon —; leave that to me. J’en fais mon —; I take that upon myself. Ce ne sont pas là mes —s; that is none of my business. Au point où en sont les —s; as matters stand. Son — est bonne; he is in for it, he will catch it. Son — est faite; he is done for.

affairé, -e, adj., full of business, busy. Faire l’—; to ape the busy man; to fuss about.

affaissement (-mān), n.m., depression, sinking, subsiding, giving way, weakness, weighing down; (med.) collapse.

affaisser, v.a., to cause to sink, to weigh down, to press down, to bear down, to weaken.

s’affaisser, v.r., to sink, sink down, subside, settle, to give way.

affaiter, v.a., (falconry) to reclaim and train, tame (hawks).

affaler, v.a., (nav.) to overhaul (a rope); to embay, drive upon a lee-shore. Affale! lower away.

s’affaler, v.r., (nav.) to slide down; to be driven upon a lee-shore.

affamé, -e, adj., famished, hungry, starving, craving. Être — de; to be greedy of; eager for.

affamer, v.a., to famish, to starve.

affectation, n.f., affectation, distinction; (jur.) mortgage, charge.

affecté, -e, adj., affected, destined; (alg.) affected, assumed.

affecter, v.a., to affect, to pretend, feign; to appropriate, to destine.

s’affecter, v.r., to be affected; to be moved.

affecti-f, -ve, adj., affective.

affection, n.f., affection, love, attachment, liking, inclination, partiality; (med.) affection. Témoignage d’—; token, mark, of affection. Par —; out of affection. Prendre quelqu’un en —; to become attached, to take a fancy, to any one. — nerveuse; nervous affection.

affectionné, -e, adj., affectionate, loving.

affectionner, v.a., to love, to have an affection for, to fancy, to be fond of, to like; to take an interest in.

s’affectionner, v.r., to apply one’s self to a thing with delight, to attach one’s self to, to delight in, to take a fancy for.

affectueusement (-mān), adv., affectionately, fondly, heartily, kindly.

affectueu-x, -se, adj., affectionate, warm-hearted.

afférent, -e, adj., (jur.) appertaining to, belonging to, accruing to, indivisible. Portion —e; share of indivisible property.

affermable, adj., farmable, rentable, demisable.

affermage, n.m., farming, renting, demising.

affermer, v.a., to farm or let out by lease; to take a lease of; to rent.

s’affermer, v.r., to be farmed, rented.

affermir, v.a., to strengthen, to give strength to; to make firm or strong; to fasten; to harden, to make hard or firm; to confirm, to establish, to consolidate, to fix firmly.

s’affermir, v.r., to become strong, firm or fast; to grow hard; to fortify one’s self; to become established, to persist in.

affermissement (-mān), n.m., strengthening, settling, consolidation, establishment; stay, support, prop.

affété, -e, adj., affected, full of affectation, prim, finical; canting, mincing. Mine —e; affected looks. Manières —es; affected manners.

afféterie, n.f., affectation, affectedness; primness, mannerism; affected, formal ways; cant. Les —s d’une coquette; the affected ways of a coquette.

affichage, n.m., the posting up of placards, bills, &c., bill-sticking, placarding.

affiche, n.f., placard, bill, hand-bill. Poser une —; to post up a placard. Homme —; sandwich man.

afficher, v.a., to post up; to publish, to proclaim, to make a show of, to parade, to divulge. Défense d’—; stick no bills.

s’afficher, v.r., to set up for; to attract public notice. Cette femme s’affiche; that woman seeks notoriety.

afficheur, n.m., bill-sticker.

affidé, n.m., -e, n.f., confederate, trusty, confidential agent.

affidé, -e, adj., trusty, trustworthy.

affilage, n.m., whetting, sharpening, grinding, setting.

affilé, -e, adj., sharp; nimble, glib (of the tongue).

affiler, v.a., to set, to put an edge on, to sharpen.

affiliation, n.f., affiliation, association.

affilier, v.a., to receive, to affiliate, to admit.

s’affilier, v.r., to get affiliated, admitted.

affiloir, n.m., hone, whetstone, steel.

affinage, n.m., affinage, refining, fining (of metals, sugar).

affiner, v.a., to fine, to refine; to try.

s’affiner, v.r., to be refined; to be fined, tried, (nav.) (of weather), to clear up.

affinerie (-rî), n.f., (metal.) finery, painting shop.

affineur, n.m., finer; (metal.) refiner.

affinité, n.f., affinity, alliance; congeniality, conformity, relation. Avoir de l’— avec; to be congenial to.

affinoir, n.m., hatchel.

affiquet, n.m., a knitting-sheath. —s, pl.; gewgaws, knick-knacks, bauble.

affirmati-f, -ve, adj., affirmative; positive.

affirmation, n.f., affirmation, assertion; (log.) predication; affidavit, oath.

affirmative, n.f., affirmative. Prendre l’— pour ou contre; to decide for or against.

affirmativement (-mān), adv., affirmatively, positively.

affirmer, v.a., to affirm, to vouch, to assert, to assure, to declare, to state; to confirm by or on oath; (log.) to predicate.

affixe, n.m., affix.

affleuré, -e, adj., level; (arch.) flush.

affleurement, n.m., leveling; making flush; (mining) cropping out, outcrop.

affleurer, v.a., to make even, to level; (arch.) to make flush; (ship-building) to fay; (mining) to crop out.

affleurer, v.n., to be level, on a level with, to be flush with.

afflicti-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) affecting the person corporal (of punishments).

affliction, n.f., affliction, grief, trouble, distress, anguish, sorrow, tribulation; trial, vexation.

affligé, -e, adj., afflicted, grieved, dejected, disconsolate. — d’une maladie; laboring under a disease.

affligeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., afflicting, afflictive, distressing, grievous, woeful.

affliger, v.a., to afflict, to grieve, to vex, to trouble, to distress, to cast down; to mortify.

s’affliger, v.r., to grieve, to be concerned; to be afflicted, troubled, distressed, cast down, sorrowful; to fret.

affluence, n.f., a flowing together; affluence, abundance, multitude, concourse, crowd.

affluent, -e, adj., (of rivers) falling into, running into.

affluent, n.m., confluence; tributary stream.

affluer, v.a., to fall, to run, to flow into; to abound; to resort, to flock, to come in great numbers; (med.) to flow, to rush.

afflux, n.m., (med.) afflux, affluxion.

affolé, -e, adj., maddened, distracted, frantic; infatuated with; madly in love with; (nav.) erroneous, defective (of the magnetic needle). Une boussole —e; a compass that is not true.

affoler, v.a., to make extremely fond, to make one dote upon; to madden, to distract, bewitch. S’— de; to become infatuated with.

affouage, n.m., the right of cutting wood.

affouillement, n.m., undermining, washing away.

affouiller, v.a., (arch.) to undermine; to wash away.

affourche, n.f., (nav.) small bower. Ancre d’—; small bow-anchor.

affourché, -e, part., astraddle, astride, (nav.) moored across.

affourcher, v.n. and a., s’—, v.r., to seat astride, (nav.) to moor across, to moor by the head or by the head and stern.

affranchi, n.m., -e, n.f., freed man; freed woman.

affranchi, -e, part., freed; post-paid, prepaid.

affranchir, v.a., to set free, to free, to enfranchise, to give liberty; to make free; to absolve; to exempt, to discharge; to deliver; to pay the carriage of; to prepay.

s’affranchir, v.r., to rid one’s self of, to free one’s self, to get free, to shake off, to break through.

affranchissement (-shis-mān), n.m., enfranchisement, manumission; exemption, discharge; delivery, deliverance; payment of postage (of a letter); pre-payment of carriage (of a parcel). Timbre d’—; postage-stamp.

affre, n.f., dread, horror, agony. Les —s de la mort; the terrors of death.

affrètement (-mān), n.m., chartering, freighting.

affréter, v.a., (nav.) to charter, to freight.

affréteur, n.m., charterer, freighter.

affreusement (-mān), adv., frightfully, horribly, dreadfully, terribly, shockingly.

affreu-x, -se, adj., frightful, hideous, horrible, atrocious, fearful, ghastly, horrid, shocking.

affriander, v.a., to accustom, use, bring up, to dainties; to allure, to entice, to tempt.

affriolement (-mān), n.m., (fam.) act of alluring, enticing, tempting; allurement; enticement.

affrioler, v.a., (fam.) to allure, to entice, to draw by enticement.

affriter, v.a., to season (a frying pan).

affront, n.m., affront, outrage, insult; disgrace, shame, reproach. Recevoir un — sanglant; to receive an outrageous affront. Boire, avaler, un —; to pocket an affront.

affronté, -e, adj., (her.) affrontee.

affronter, v.a., to affront, to face, to brave; to cheat, to take in.

affronterie, n.f., braving, daring, affronting.

affronteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., affronter, deceiver, cheat.

affublement, n.m., grotesque make up (of dress), rig, muffling up.

affubler, v.a., to wrap up, (b.s.) to dress out, up, to muffle up. S’— d’un manteau; to muffle one’s self up in a cloak, to assume (a name).

s’affubler, v.r., to dress ridiculously. S’— de quelqu’un; to be wrapped up in.

affusion, n.f., (phar.) affusion.

affût, n.m., gun-carriage, stand, rest; watch, lying in wait. Être à l’—; to be upon the watch, to lie in wait. Homme d’—, knowing fellow.

affûtage, n.m., the mounting of a piece of ordnance; a set of tools, implements; sharpening (of tools); the dressing (of a hat).

affûter, v.a., to mount (a cannon); to stock (with tools); to set or sharpen (tools, pencils).

affutiau (-tio), n.m., trifle, bauble, knick-knack.

afin, conj., to, in order to; that, so that.

afistoler, v.a., to make spruce, to dress up.

à fortiori. V. fortiori.

africain, n.m., -e, n.f., African.

africain, -e, adj., African.

aga, n.m., a Turkish officer, aga.

agaçant, -e, adj., inciting, alluring, enticing; vexing, irritating, provoking, worrying.

agace, n.f., magpie.

agacé, -e, part., irritated, worried, set on edge. Avoir les dents —es; to have one’s teeth on edge.

agacement (-mān), n.m., setting on edge; irritation. — des nerfs; irritation of the nerves.

agacer, v.a., to incite, to provoke, to egg on, to spur on, to irritate, to provoke, to entice, to allure, to set on edge.

agacerie, n.f., allurement, incitement, provocation. Faire des —s à quelqu’un; to set one’s cap at any one, to ogle.

agame, adj., (bot.) agamous.

agami, n.m., (orni.) agami, gold-breasted trumpeter.

agape, n.f., agape, love-feast.

agapètes, n.m. and f.pl., agapetæ.

agaric, n.m., (bot.) agaric. — champêtre; field agaric, mushroom. — femelle; female agaric. — de chêne; touch-wood.

agasse, n.f. V. agace.

agate, n.f., agate.

s’agatiser, v.r., (Th. Gautier) to become mellow (of a picture).

agavé, n.m., (bot.) agave, American aloe.

âge, n.m., age; years; generation, century. Bas —; infancy. Jeune —; childhood. Moyen —; middle ages. — moyen; middle age, average. — mûr; mature age. — tendre; early age. Vieil —; old age. — viril; manhood. — d’airain; brazen age. — d’argent; silver age. — de fer; iron age. — d’or; golden age. — de raison; age of discretion. Doyen d’—; the oldest, senior. Fleur de l’—; prime of life. Avant l’—; before one’s time. D’— en —; from age to age, from generation to generation. D’un certain —; elderly. Entre deux —s; of middle age. Être d’— à; to be old enough to. Être bien pour son —; to wear well, to bear one’s years well. Être sur l’—; to be growing old. Honoré par l’—; time-honored. Paraître son —; to look one’s age. Tirer sur l’—; to be elderly.

âgé, -e, adj., aged, in years, elderly. — de vingt ans; twenty years old. Un peu —; somewhat elderly.

agence, n.f., agency, business. Bureau d’—; agency office.

agencement (-jāns-mān), n.m., arrangement, grouping, ordering; (arch.) order, composition; (paint.) disposition.

agencer, v.a., to arrange, to dispose, to fit up, to group.

s’agencer, v.r., to dress up, to adorn one’s self.

agenda (-jin-da), n.m., (—s) memorandum-book, agenda, diary.

*agenouiller, v.a., to make kneel down, to bring to one’s knees.

*s’agenouiller, v.r., to kneel down, (of a horse) to fall on his knees.

*agenouilloir, n.m., hassock, kneeling-stool.

agent, n.m.f., agent; middleman; broker. — comptable; accountant. — d’affaires; agent, man of business. — monétaire; circulating medium. — de change; stock-broker. — de police; policeman.

agglomération, n.f., agglomeration.

agglomérer, v.a., to agglomerate.

s’agglomérer, v.r., to agglomerate.

agglutinant, -e, adj., agglutinant, adhesive.

agglutinati-f, -ve, adj., agglutinative.

agglutination, n.f., agglutination.

agglutiner, v.a., to agglutinate, to unite.

s’agglutiner, v.r., to agglutinate, to cohere.

aggravant, -e, adj., (jur.) aggravating.

aggravation, n.f., aggravation; addition. — de peine; increase of punishment.

aggrave, n.m., (canon law) threat of excommunication; censure, admonition.

aggraver, v.a., to aggravate, to augment, to make worse.

s’aggraver, v.r., to increase, to be aggravated.

aggrégat, aggrégation, aggréger. V. agrégat, agrégation, agréger.

agile, adj., agile, quick, nimble, active, light-footed.

agilement (-mān), adv., nimbly, with agility, quickly.

agilité, n.f., agility, nimbleness, activity, quickness, lightness.

agio, n.m., agio, premium.

agiotage, n.m., stock-jobbing; jobbing. Faire l’—; to deal in stocks.

agioter, v.n., to be a stock-jobber; to gamble in the funds, to job.

agioteur, n.m., stock-jobber, jobber.

agir, v.n., to act, to do; to operate, to have an influence; to negotiate, to manage a business; to sue, to prosecute; to behave; to work. Faire —; to set going, to bring to bear upon. — de concert avec quelqu’un; to go hand in hand with any one. Il agit en ami; he acts like a friend. — mal envers; to use ill. — d’après; to act upon, after. C’est mal —; that is behaving ill.

s’agir, v.r., to be in question; to be the matter. Il s’agit; the question is, the point in question is. De quoi s’agit-il? what is the matter? Il ne s’agit pas de cela; that is not the question. Il s’agit de votre vie; your life is at stake. Il s’agit bien de cela; I, they, we, have something else to think of.

agissant, -e, adj., active, stirring, busy; efficacious, effectual.

agitateur, n.m., agitator.

agitation, n.f., agitation; tossing, jolting, shaking; trouble, emotion, disturbance; uneasiness, tumult, restlessness.

agiter, v.a., to agitate, to put in motion, to move, to wave; to shake, to pull, to heave, to jolt; to swing; to disturb, to disquiet, to torment, to debate, to dispute. — un drapeau; to wave a flag.

s’agiter, v.r., to be agitated or in movement; to get rough; to be restless, disturbed, uneasy; to stir, writhe, wag, struggle; to be debated. S’— dans l’eau; to flounder about in the water.

aglomération, &c. V. agglomération.

aglutinant, &c. V. agglutinant, &c.

agnat, n.m., agnate.

agnation, n.f., agnation.

agnatique, adj., agnatic.

*agneau, agnelle, n.m.f., lamb. Laine d’—; lamb’s wool. Peau d’—; lamb-skin.

☉*agnel, n.m., an old French golden coin, agnel.

*agneler, v.n., to lamb; to bring forth lambs, to yean.

*agnelet, n.m., lambkin, yeanling.

*agneline, adj.f., of a lamb. Laine —; lamb’s-wool, teg-wool.

*agnès (-ess), n.f., a young raw girl, simpleton.

agnus, or agnus-Dei, n.m., (—) (c.rel.) Agnus-Dei, Lamb of God.

agnus-castus, n.m., (—) (bot.) chaste-tree.

agon, n.m., (antiq.) agon, agonism.

agonie, n.f., agony, the pangs of death; grief, trouble, anguish, torture. Être à l’—; to be at the point of death.

agonir, v.a., (pop.) to insult grossly, to pull to pieces, to load with abuse.

agonisant, -e, n. and adj., a dying person; dying, in a dying condition.

agoniser, v.n., to be at the point of death.

agonistique, n.f., (antiq.) agonistics.

☉agonothète, n.m., agonothete.

agora, n.f., (—s) (from Gr. Ἀγορὰ) market-place, public place.

agouti, n.m., (mam.) agouti.

agrafe, n.f., hook, clasp, hasp; (arch.) cramp-iron; sculptured ornament. — et porte; hook and eye.

agrafer, v.a., to hook, to clasp, to hasp, to fasten with a clasp.

s’agrafer, v.r., to hook, to clasp, to cling, to lay hold on, to be fastened.

agraire, adj., agrarian.

agrandir, v.a., to make greater; to enlarge; to augment; to lengthen, to widen; to raise, to promote, to advance; to amplify, to exaggerate; to give dignity to, to exalt, to promote. — ses prétentions; to raise one’s pretensions. Le génie agrandit les héros; genius exalts heroes.

s’agrandir, v.r., to become greater, larger; to widen, to grow long or longer; to enlarge one’s estate, to become richer, to raise or advance one’s self.

agrandissement (-mān), n.m., enlargement, aggrandizement, improvement; the making greater, larger, bigger; lengthening, widening, increase; advancement, preferment, exaltation, dignifying.

agravant, &c. V. aggravant, &c.

agréable, adj., agreeable, desirable, pleasant, pleasing, comfortable, acceptable, gladsome, grateful. — au goût; palatable. Feu —; comfortable fire. Avoir pour —; to allow, permit. Faire l’— auprès d’une femme; to be attentive to a lady.

agréablement, adv., agreeably, pleasantly, comfortably, gratefully, gracefully.

agréage, n.m., brokerage.

agréé, n.m., solicitor, attorney (in the tribunals of commerce).

agréer, v.a., to accept, to receive kindly; to like, to relish; to approve, to allow; ☉to rig. (V. gréer.) — un vaisseau; to rig, to equip a ship.

agréer, v.n., to be liked, to like, to please, to be agreeable. Cela ne m’agrée pas; I don’t like that, it does not suit me.

☉agréeur, n.m. V. gréeur.

agrégat, n.m., aggregate.

agrégati-f, -ve, adj., aggregative.

agrégation, n.f., aggregate; aggregation; admission (into a society); examination for the degree of fellow; fellowship; aggregate body, assemblage. Concours d’—; examination for a fellowship.

agrégé, n.m., fellow (of the university); assistant professor.

agrégé, -e, adj., aggregate; (bot.) clustered.

agréger, v.a., to aggregate, to unite, to join, to incorporate, to receive, to admit into a society, to associate.

agrément, n.m., liking, approbation, consent; accomplishment; agreeableness; pleasingness; pleasure, charm; gracefulness; ornament, embellishment; advantage, amusement, comfort; (mus.) grace. Arts d’—; accomplishments. De grands —s; great comfort.

agrémenter, v.a., to ornament, to trim, to adorn.

agrener, v.a., to feed, (game-birds) to bait.

agrèner, v.a., to pump water out of a boat.

agrès, n.m.pl., rigging.

agresseur, n.m., aggressor.

agressi-f, -ve, adj., aggressive.

agression, n.f., aggression.

agressivité, n.f., aggressiveness.

agreste, adj., agrestic, wild, rustic; ill-bred, clownish, unmannerly.

agricole, adj., agricultural.

agriculteur, n.m., agriculturist, husbandman, farmer.

agriculture, n.f., agriculture, husbandry, tillage.

s’agriffer, v.r., to cling to with claws, to lay hold of.

agriministe, n.m., trimming maker.

agrion, n.m., dragon-fly.

agripaume, n.f., (bot.) mother-wort.

agripper, v.a., (pop.) to gripe, to snatch up.

s’agripper, v.r., (pop.) to lay hold of, to cling to.

agronome, n.m., agriculturist.

agronomie, n.f., agronomy.

agronomique, adj., agricultural.

agrostemme, n.m., (bot.) agrostemma. — des jardins; rose-campion, corn-cockle.

agrostide, n.f., (bot.) bent-grass.

agrouper, v.a., to group.

aguerri, -e, (-ghè-) part., inured to war; disciplined. Soldats mal —s; raw soldiers.

aguerrir (-ghè-), v.a., to train up in, to inure to the hardships of war, to discipline, to accustom to war; to accustom, to inure, to use.

s’aguerrir, v.r., to grow warlike or martial; to accustom one’s self to a thing, to be inured.

aguets (-ghè-), n.m.pl., watch, watching. Être aux —, se tenir aux —; to lie in wait, to be upon the watch.

agueustie (-gheus-tî), n.f., (med.) loss of taste.

agui, n.m., (nav.) sling, bowline, knot.

ah, int., ah! hah! oh! — ça; now, then!

ahan, n.m., great bodily exertion, effort. Suer d’—; to perform hard work, to toil and moil.

ahaner, v.n., to groan, sigh, pant; to toil and moil.

aheurtement, n.m., stubbornness, obstinacy.

s’aheurter, v.r., to maintain a thing obstinately, to be obstinately bent upon a thing, to stick to it, to persist in. — à une opinion; to be wedded to an opinion.

ahi, int. V. aïe.

ahurir, v.a., to amaze, to astound, to strike all of a heap, to bewilder.

ahurissement, n.m., bewilderment, confusion, perplexity.

aï, n.m., (mam.) three-toed sloth.

aide, n.f., aid, help, relief, assistance, succor, support; chapel of ease; (man.) aid, coaxing; aid; female assistant. pl., subsidies, excise (taxes). À l’—! help! À l’— de; with the help of. Dieu vous soit en —! God help you!

aide, n.m., helper, assistant, mate, help, coadjutor. — major (—s —s); assistant surgeon, (formerly) adjutant. — chirurgien (—s —s); assistant surgeon. — de cuisine (—s de cuisine); under cook. — de camp (—s de camp); aide-de-camp.

aider, v.a., to aid, to help, to relieve, to assist, to succour. — à descendre, à surmonter, à relever; to help down, over, up.

aider, v.n., to aid, to help, to assist, to succor, relieve. — à la lettre; to add to the matter, complete the sense. — au succès; to contribute to the success.

s’aider, v.r., to help one another, to use, to make use of; to bestir one’s self; to help one’s self, avail one’s self. On s’aide de ce qu’on a; people make use of what they have. — l’un l’autre; to help one another.

aides, n.f.pl., (man.) aids.

aïe, int., ay! oh! ah! oh dear!

aïeul, n.m., grandfather, grandsire.

aïeule, n.f., grandmother, grandam.

aïeux, n.m.pl., forefathers, ancestors.

aigle, n.m., eagle; star (noted person); reading-desk, lectern (in churches); (astron.) Aquila, Eagle. À vol d’—; eagle-winged. Aux yeux d’—; eagle-eyed.

aigle, n.f., she-eagle; (her.) eagle; eagle standard.

aiglefin, n.m., haddock.

aiglette, n.f. V. aiglon.

aiglon, n.m., eaglet, a young eagle; (her.) eaglet.

aigre, n.m., sourness; rawness; sharpness; mustiness.

aigre, adj., sour, tart, sharp, bitter; crabbed; ill-natured; rough, harsh; eager, brittle; shrill; musty. Voix —; harsh, shrill voice. Paroles —s; sharp words.

aigre-dou-x, -ce, adj., bitterish, sourish.

aigrefin, n.m., sharper.

aigrelet, -te, adj., sourish, tartish.

aigrement, adv., acrimoniously, sourly, sharply, bitterly, roughly, harshly.

aigremoine, n.f., (bot.) agrimony, liverwort.

aigremore, n.m., aigremore.

aigret, -te, adj., sourish, tartish.

aigrette n.f., egret, aigret; aigrette, tuft, or plume (of feathers, diamonds); (bot.) egret, (milit.) tuft; horn (of the owl); crest (of the peacock).

aigretté, -e, adj., with an egret, tufted, crested.

aigreur, n.f., sourness, sharpness, tartness, harshness, bitterness; surliness; ill-nature, grudge, spite; pl., (med.) acidity of stomach, heartburn, water-brash; (engrav.) harsh strokes, hatches made too hard.

aigrir, v.a., to make sour or sharp, to sour, to turn sour; to irritate, to embitter, to make worse; to incense, to provoke; to make ill-humored. Sa disgrâce lui a aigri l’esprit; his disgrace has soured his temper.

s’aigrir, v.r., to turn sour, to grow sour or sharp; to grow worse, to be exasperated. Son mal s’aigrit; his disease gets worse.

aigrissement, n.m., souring, irritation, bitterness.

aigu, -ë, adj., pointed, that has a sharp point; sharp, keen, acute, piercing. Son —; sharp, shrill sound. Douleur —ë; acute pain. Faire un son —; to utter a shrill cry.

aiguade (-gad), n.f., (nav.) fresh water; watering-place. Faire —; to take in fresh water.

aiguail (-ga-), n.m., or aiguaille, n.f., (hunt.) dewdrop; morning dew.

aiguayer (-gay-), v.a., to water (a horse); to rinse (clothes).

aigue-marine, n.f., (—s-—s), aqua-marina, beryl.

aiguichant, -e, adj., enticing.

aiguière (-ghièr), n.f., ewer.

aiguiérée (-ghié-), n.f., ewer-full.

*aiguillade, n.f., goad.

*aiguillage, n.m., (railways) the shifting of the points, shunting.

*aiguillat, n.m., (ich.) dog-fish.

*aiguille, n.f., needle; hand (of a dial, or watch, &c.); cock (balance); spindle (of a compass); spire (of a steeple); (ich.) hornfish, needle-fish; (railways) point. — d’emballeur; packing-needle. — à tricoter; knitting-needle. — à reprises; darning-needle. —s à contre-poids; self-acting points (rail.). Trou d’une —; eye of a needle. Ouvrage à l’—; needlework. — aimantée; magnetic needle. Disputer sur la pointe d’une —; to quarrel about straws. Enfiler une —; to thread a needle.

*aiguillée, n.f., needleful.

*aiguiller, v.a., (surg.) to couch (a cataract); (rail.) to shift the points.

*aiguilletage, n.m., tagging, (nav.) seizing.

*aiguilleter, v.a., (nav.) to trap, to seize, to mouse. — les canons; to lash the guns.

aiguilletier, n.m., tagger, tag-maker.

*aiguillette, n.f., aglet, point; shoulder-knot; slice (of flesh, skin); (nav.) knittle, tricing-line, laniard. Le ferret de l’—; the tag of a point.

aiguilleur, n.m., (rail.) pointsman, switcher.

*aiguillier, n.m., needle-case, book. V. étui.

*aiguillier, n.m., needle-maker.

aiguillière, n.f., garfish-net, net for catching hornfish; needle-maker.

*aiguillon, n.m., goad, spur, incentive, incitement, encouragement, stimulus, motive; sting (of insects, serpents); (bot.) prickle, stimulus. Briser l’— de; to take the sting out of.

*aiguillonner, v.a., to goad, to prick; to incite, to spur on, to stimulate.

*aiguillot, n.m., (nav.) pintle.

aiguisé, -e, part., whetted, sharpened. Une croix aiguisée; (her.) a pointed cross.

aiguisement (-mān), n.m., whetting, sharpening.

aiguiser, v.a., to whet, to sharpen, to make sharp; to set an edge on; to point. — l’appétit; to sharpen the appetite. — une épigramme; to give point to an epigram. — ses couteaux; to prepare for battle. — ses dents; to prepare to eat heartily.

aiguiseur, n.m., knife-grinder, sharpener (pers.)

*ail, n.m., (ails), (aulx) (ô), garlic. — stérile; eschalot. Une tête d’—, une gousse d’—; a clove of garlic.

ailante, n.m., (bot.) ailanthus.

aile, n.f., wing, pinion; van, fan; wing (of an army, building); aisle (of churches); fly (horol.); rung (of ships). Avoir les —s rapides; to be swift-winged. À tire d’—; at a single flight. En avoir dans l’—; to be smitten, to be in love. Il en a dans l’—; there is a screw loose somewhere. Frapper à l’—; to wing. Couper le bout de l’—; to pinion. Être sur l’—; to be on the wing. Battre des —s; to clap the wings. Trémousser des —s; to flutter. Rogner les —s à quelqu’un; to clip a person’s wings. Voler de ses propres —s; to be able to do without the help of others; to stand on one’s own legs. Vouloir voler sans avoir des —s; to undertake a thing beyond one’s strength. Ne battre plus que d’une —; to be on one’s last legs. Tirer de l’—; to make wing. Tirer pied ou — de; to get something out of (a thing), to make the most of (a thing). — de moulin; wind-sail.

ailé, -e, adj., winged.

*aileron, n.m., small wing; pinion; fin (of some fish); float-board (of a water-wheel); (arch.) scroll.

ailette, n.f., side-piece, side-lining of a shoe; small wing (of a building); flange (motor).

*aillade, n.f., garlic sauce.

*ailleurs, adv., elsewhere, somewhere else, D’—; from another reason, cause; on another account; besides, moreover, in other respects; after all, in addition to which.

aimable, adj., amiable, lovable, lovely, agreeable, worthy to be loved. Un caractère —; an amiable temperament.

aimablement, adv., in an amiable manner, amiably.

aimant, -e, adj., loving, affectionate.

aimant, n.m., loadstone, magnet. La déclinaison de l’—; the variation of the compass.

aimanté, -e, adj., magnetic.

aimanter, v.a., to rub or touch with a loadstone, to magnetize.

aimé, -e, adj., loved, beloved.

aimer, v.a., to love, to be fond of, to have a passion for; to be in love with; to like, to fancy, to have a fancy for, to admire, to delight in, to have an inclination for. Il aime à monter à cheval; he delights in riding. Il aime sa personne; he loves his own dear self. Aimez qu’on vous conseille, et non pas qu’on vous loue; love to be advised, not to be praised. — mieux; to prefer, to like better. — passionnément; to be passionately fond of. — à l’idolâtrie; to idolize. Se faire —; to endear one’s self to. Qui aime bien, châtie bien; he chasteneth that loveth well. Qui m’aime aime mon chien; love me, love my dog.

s’aimer, v.r., to love one’s self. S’— les uns les autres; to love one another.

aimez-moi, n.f., marsh scorpion-grass. V. myosotis.

ain, n.m., woollen thread; the number of threads contained in a given space.

aine, n.f., groin; herring-stick.

aîné, n.m., -e, n.f., elder, senior.

aîné, -e, adj., eldest, elder, the eldest son or daughter; senior.

aînesse, n.f., primogeniture. Droit d’—; birthright.

ainsi, adv., thus, so, in this, that, manner. Je suis — fait; that’s my temper. Le monde est —; such is the world. — du reste; and so forth. Il en est — des autres passions; thus it is with the other passions. — soit-il; amen, so be it. — va le monde; so the world goes. S’il en est —; if such is the case.

ainsi, conj., thus, therefore, so that. — que, tout — que; as, as well as, even as, in the same way as. Cela s’est passé — que je vous l’ai dit; that happened in the way I told you.

air, n.m., air, wind; look, appearance, countenance, deportment; aspect; (mus.) tune; (chem., man., paint., sculp.) air. — abattu; downcast look. — chagrin; sorrowful look. — éveillé; sharp look. — farouche; forbidding look. Faire des châteaux en l’—; to build castles in the air. Un coup d’—; a cold chill. Prendre l’—; to take the air. Donner de l’— à une chambre; to let the air into, to ventilate, a room. Chasser l’— renfermé; to let out the confined air. En plein —; in the open air. Se tenir entre deux —s; to be in a draught. Il ne fait point d’—; there is not the least breath of wind. Être en l’—; to be in a flutter. Paroles en l’—; empty, idle, words. Parler en l’—; to talk wildly. Il forme des desseins en l’—; he forms extravagant designs. Il a tiré son coup en l’—; he has miscarried. Prendre l’— du bureau; to go and see how matters stand. Faire prendre l’—; to give an airing to. Les gens du bel —; gentle folks, fashionable people. Un homme de méchant —; an ill-looking man. Un homme du grand —; a man of rank, of quality. Avoir l’— de; to look like. Avoir l’— bien portant; to look well. Lancer en l’—; to toss (of horned cattle). Avoir l’— bon, l’— mauvais; to look good-natured, ill-natured. Prendre un — riant; to put on a smiling countenance. Prendre un — de feu; to warm one’s self. Rempli d’— vicié; filled with foul air. Cela a l’— grand; that looks grand. Elle n’a pas l’— spirituel; she doesn’t look sprightly. Elle a l’— bien étourdi; she looks very giddy. Il n’a pas l’— content; he doesn’t seem pleased. Prendre des —s, se donner des —s; to give one’s self airs. Prendre des —s de bel esprit; to set up for a wit. Un — de famille; a family likeness. Air de tête (paint.); the attitude of the head. Un — gai, triste; a lively, dull, tune. Faire un — sur des paroles; to set words to music. Jouer un — rapide; to play a flourish. Ce cheval va à tout —; this horse has all his paces.

airain, n.m., brass. L’âge d’—; the brazen age. Avoir un front d’—; to have a brazen face, to blush at nothing. Avoir des entrailles d’—; to have a heart of stone.

aire, n.f., area, barn-floor, threshing-floor; aerie (of a bird of prey); (of ships) impetus, headway. L’— d’un bâtiment; (arch.) the area of a building. — de plancher; superficies of a floor. L’— d’un triangle; (geom.) the area or inside of a triangle. Une — de vent; (nav.) a point of the compass.

airée, n.f., the lot of wheat, &c., lying on a barn-floor; batch of dough.

airelle, n.f., whortleberry, bilberry.

airer, v.n., to make its aerie or nest.

ais (ê), n.m., board, shelf, plank; (print.) wetting-board; butcher’s block.

aisance, n.f., ease, freedom, easiness, affluence; the comforts or conveniences of life. —s, pl., water-closet. Il fait tout avec —; he does everything with ease. Avoir de l’— dans les manières; to have an easy deportment. Être dans l’—; to be in easy circumstances. Cabinet d’—s, lieux d’—s; water-closet. Fosse d’—s; cess-pool.

aise, n.f., gladness, joy, content; ease, comfort, conveniency. À l’—; easily; comfortable. Se pâmer d’—; to be overjoyed. Tressaillir d’—; to leap for joy. Elle ne se sent pas d’—; she is beside herself for joy. Être à son —; to be well off. Mettre quelqu’un à son —; to put at ease, to reassure any one. Vous en parlez bien à votre —; it is easy for you to say so. N’en prendre qu’à son —; to do only what pleases one, to take it easy. Se sentir mal à l’—; to feel uncomfortable. Aimer ses —s; to love one’s ease. On n’a pas toutes ses —s en ce monde; we cannot have all we wish for in this world.

aise, adj., glad, joyful, well pleased. Je suis bien — de vous voir; I am very glad to see you.

aisé, -e, adj., easy, convenient, commodious; in easy circumstances. Cela est — à dire; it is an easy thing to say. Un homme — à vivre; an easy, good-natured man. Des souliers —s; comfortable shoes. Un air —; an easy deportment. Un style —; a free, lucid, easy style. Il est fort —; he is in very easy circumstances.

aisément, adv., easily, readily, commodiously, freely, comfortably.

aisselle, n.f., arm-pit; (anat., bot.) axil, axilla.

aitiologie. V. étiologie.

ajointer, v.a., to join end to end, to fit.

ajonc, n.m., furze, thorn-broom, gorse, whin.

ajournement, n.m., adjournment, postponement; (jur.) summons.

ajourner, v.a., to adjourn, to put off; (jur.) to summon.

ajourner, v.n., s’ajourner, v.r., to adjourn, to be adjourned, to put off, to defer, to summons.

ajoutage, n.m., piece joined on.

ajouter, v.a., to add, to join, to put to, to tag, to subjoin, to supply, to interpolate. Ce passage a été ajouté à ce livre; this passage is an interpolation. — foi à quelque chose; to give credit to a thing.

ajoutoir. V. ajoutage, ajutage.

ajustage, n.m., adjusting, or giving the legal weight to a coin.

ajusté, -e, part., adjusted, fitted, accommodated, dressed. Un style bien —; a very elaborate style. Comme vous voilà —! what a figure you cut.

ajustement, n.m., adjustment, adjusting, fitting, regulation, settlement; laying out; attire, garb, apparel, dress, garment; accommodation, agreement, reconciliation. L’— d’un poids; the adjusting of a weight. L’— d’une machine; the regulating a machine. Elle n’est pas belle, elle a besoin d’—; she is not handsome, she needs dress or adornment.

ajuster, v.a., to adjust, to regulate, to square, to size, to tally; to aim, to take aim at, to aim at; to fit, to adapt, to set in order, to accommodate; to trim, to bedeck, to dress. — un lièvre; to take aim at a hare. — de nouveau; to recompose. — ses cheveux; to put one’s hair in order. — deux personnes; to reconcile two people, to make them agree. — un différend; to reconcile a différence. Ajustez vos flûtes; understand one another. On l’a bien ajusté; they have given it him well. — des passages d’un livre; to make passages of a book agree.

s’ajuster, v.r., to prepare one’s self, to get one’s self ready; to dress, to deck, one’s self out; to agree, to take measures, to concert together.

ajusteur, n.m., weigher at the mint, fitter, sizer.

ajustoir, n.m., a pair of scales (used in the mint); assay scales.

ajutage, ajutoir, n.m., adjutage, a tube or pipe (for water-works).

alacrité, n.f., alacrity.

alambic, n.m., alembic, still. Faire passer par l’—; to distill, to draw by distillation. Passer par l’—; to undergo a careful examination.

alambiqué, -e, part., far-fetched, too subtle, too refined, fine-spun, wire-drawn. Cette pensée est trop —e; that thought is too refined.

alambiquer, v.a., to puzzle, to refine too much upon. S’— l’esprit sur quelque chose; to beat, puzzle one’s brains about a thing, to pore over it.

alanguir (-ghir), v.a., to enfeeble, to make languid.

s’alanguir, v.r., to languish, to flag, to become languid.

alarguer (-ghé), v.n., (nav.) to bear off, to put to sea, to sheer off.

alarmant, -e, adj., alarming, dreadful.

alarme, n.f., alarm, sudden fear, fright. Sonner l’—, donner l’—; to sound, to give the alarm. Cloche d’—; alarm-bell. Fausse —; false alarm. Donner des —s; to cause uneasiness to. Porter l’— dans; to alarm. L’— est au camp; they are in a great fright. Tenir en —; to keep in constant fear.

alarmer, v.a., to alarm, to raise an alarm, to startle.

s’alarmer, v.r., to take alarm, to be alarmed. Ne vous alarmez point; don’t frighten yourself.

alarmiste, n.m.f., alarmist.

alaterne, n.m., species of buck-thorn; alatern.

albâtre, n.m., alabaster, whiteness. D’—; of alabaster, snowy white.

albatros, n.m., (orni.) albatross.

alberge, n.f., a small forward peach.

albergier, n.m., an alberge-tree.

albigeois, n.m.pl., Albigenses.

albinos, n.m., albino.

albion, n.f., Albion (England).

albran. V. halbran.

albuginé, -e, adj., (anat.) albugineous.

albugineu-x, -se, adj., (anat.) albugineous, whitish.

albugo, n.m., (med.) albugo.

album (-bom), n.m., album, scrap-book, sketch-book.

albumine, n.f., albumen, white (of an egg).

albumineu-x, -se, adj., albuminous.

alcade, n.m., Spanish alcaid, alcade.

alcaïque, adj., alcaic. Vers —s; alcaic verses.

alcalescence, n.f., alkalescence.

alcalescent, -e, adj., alkalescent.

alcali, n.m., alkali.

alcalimètre, n.m., alkalimeter.

alcalin, -e, adj., alkaline.

alcalisation, n., alkalization.

alcaliser, v.a., (chem.) to alkalize.

alcaloïde, n.m., (chem.) alkaloid.

alcantara, n.m., a Spanish military order.

alcarraza, n.m., water-cooler.

alcazar, n.m., alcazar (Moorish palace).

alcée, n.f., hollyhock.

alchimie, n.f., alchemy.

*alchimille, n.f., (bot.) lady’s mantle.

alchimique, adj., alchymical.

alchimiste, n.m., alchymist.

alcool, n.m., alcohol.

alcoolique, adj., alcoholic.

alcoolisation, n.f., alcoholization.

alcooliser, v.a., to alcoholize.

alcoolisme, n.m., (med.) alcoholism.

alcoran, n.m., Koran.

alcôve, n.f., alcove, recess.

alcyon, n.m., halcyon, kingfisher.

alcyonien, -ne, (-in, -è-n), adj., halcyon.

aldébaran, n.m., (astron.) Aldebaran.

alderman, n.m., alderman.

aléatoire, adj., (jur.) eventual, aleatory, contingent.

alêne, n.f., awl. Feuilles en —; acuminated leaves; (pisc.) sharp-nosed skate.

alénier, n.m., awl-maker.

alentir, s’alentir. V. ralentir and se ralentir.

alénois, n.m., common garden cress.

alentour, adv., about, around, round about. Les bois d’—; the neighboring, surrounding woods.

alentours, n.m.pl., the neighboring grounds; environs, neighborhood; persons about, around one; associates, familiars.

alépine, n.f., bombazine.

alérion, n.m., (her.) eaglet without beak or feet.

alerte, n.f., alarm, warning. En —; on the alert.

alerte, adj., alert, vigilant, watchful; active, stirring, quick, sprightly, brisk, lively, agile.

alerte, int., take care, be quick; up!

alésage, n.m., (tech.) boring, drilling.

aléser, v.a., (tech.) to hammer planchets; to drill, bore. — un canon; to bore a cannon.

alésoir, n.m., borer (instrument).

alevin (-vin), n.m., fry, young fish.

alevinage, n.m., small fry.

aleviner (-né), v.a., to stock with fry.

alevinier (-nié), n.m., breeding-pond.

alexandrien, -ne, adj., Alexandrian.

alexandrin, n.m., (poet.) alexandrine.

alexandrin, -e, adj., alexandrine.

alezan (-zān), n.m., chestnut horse.

alezan, -e, (-zān, -za-n), adj., chestnut.

alèze, n.f., sheet (placed under sick persons); draw-sheet; withe.

alfa, n.m., (bot.) an African plant; alfa-grass.

alfange, n.f., scimiter, phalanx, battalion (Chinese, Tartar). V. cimeterre.

algalie, n.f., (surg.) catheter.

alganon, n.m., a chain for galley-slaves.

algarade, n.f., (fam.) insult, affront; rating; blowing up; attack. Faire une —; to insult, to rate any one; to blow any one up.

algèbre, n.f., algebra.

algébrique, adj., algebraical.

algébriquement, adv., algebraically.

algébriste, n.m., algebraist.

algide, adj., (med.) cold as ice, algid.

algor, n.m., (med.) algor.

algorithme, n.m., algorithm.

alguazil (-goua-zil), (—s) n.m., alguazil.

algue, n.f., alga, sea-weed, sea-wrack grass.

alibi, n.m., (—s) (jur.) alibi.

alibiforain, n.m., (fam. l.u.) irrelevant, rambling answer; evasion, shuffling, prevarication.

alibile, adj., (med.) alible.

aliboron, n.m., jackass, a self-conceited fellow. Maître —; ass.

aliboutier, n.m., a fragrant resin, storax.

alidade, n.f., alidade, the index of any surveying instrument, such as a quadrant, sextant, &c.

aliénable, adj., alienable, transferable.

aliénataire, n.m., alienee.

aliénat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., alienator.

aliénation, n.f., a legal conveyance of property to another, alienation, transfer; alienation (of the mind). — mentale; mental derangement, madness.

aliéné, -e, n., lunatic, maniac. Hospice pour les —s; lunatic asylum. Maison d’—s; mad-house.

aliéné, -e, adj., (of property) alienated, transferred to another; (affections) estranged, withdrawn; (of the mind) deranged, mad.

aliéner, v.a., to alienate, to give away, to part with, to make over, to deliver up the possession or right of. — les affections, les cœurs, les esprits; to alienate, to estrange, to disaffect, to lose the affection. Il a aliéné les esprits; he has disaffected all minds. — l’esprit à quelqu’un; to drive one mad. S’—, v.r., to lose, to estrange; to be lost; to be alienated; to become deranged.

*aligné, -e, part., in line; laid out in a line; that stands in a right line; formed in line.

*alignement, n.m., laying out by a line; line; (milit.) dressing; (print.) ranging. Cette maison sort de l’—; that house stands out of the row. Rentrer dans l’—; to fall into line. Prendre l’—; to trace the line of. —! (milit.) dress!

*aligner, v.a., to lay out by a line; to square; to put in a straight line; (milit.) to dress; (print.) to range. — des troupes; to form troops in a line. — ses phrases; to square one’s sentences. — un compte (com.); to balance an account.

s’aligner, v.r., (milit.) to dress; (pop.) to have a set to, to fight.

aliment, n.m., food, aliment, nourishment, meat, nutriment, nutrition; fuel; (jur.) allowance.

aliments, n.m.pl., (jur.) alimony, maintenance.

alimentaire, adj., alimentary; alimental. Pension —; alimony, maintenance. Régime —; diet. Pompe —; feed-pump, donkey engine.

alimentation, n.f., alimentation; feeding.

alimenter, v.a., to feed, to nourish; to maintain; to supply with what is necessary, to furnish; to fuel, to keep up. Le marché ne fournit pas de quoi — la ville; the market does not furnish enough to supply the town.

alimenteu-x, -se, adj., (med.) nutritive, alimentary, alimental.

alinéa, n.m., (—s), new paragraph, break.

aliquante, adj., (math.) aliquant.

aliquote, adj., (math.) aliquot.

alise, n.f., beam-berry, wild-sorb, chess-apple.

alisier, n.m., service-tree, beam-tree.

alité, -e, part., bedridden, laid up.

aliter, v.a., to confine to one’s bed.