A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (continued 16)

fla, n.m., double beat of the drum.

flabelliforme, adj., (bot.) fan-shaped.

flac, int., slap, bang.

flaccidité, n.f., flabbiness, flaccidity.

flache, n.f., hole in the pavement; plash, puddle, pool; (carp.) flaw.

flacon, n.m., flagon; flask; vial; smelling bottle.

flafla, n.m., claptrap, show, dash.

flagellant, n.m., flagellant.

flagellation, n.f., flagellation, scourging, lashing, whipping, flogging.

flageller (fla-jèl-lé), v.a., to flagellate, to scourge, to lash, to flog, to whip.

flagelliforme, adj., whip-shaped.

flageoler, v.n., to tremble, to shake.

flageolet (fla-jo-lè), n.m., flageolet; spindle-leg; dwarf kidney-bean.

flagorner, v.a., to flatter servilely; to fawn upon, to toady to.

flagornerie, n.f., sycophancy, base flattery.

flagorneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., sycophant, toady.

flagrant, -e, adj., flagrant, gross. En — délit; in the very act.

flair, n.m., (hunt.) scent. Il a le —; he knows how to find out things.

flairer, v.a., to smell, to scent, to detect; to find out. — quelque chose; to smell a rat.

flaireur, n.m., (l.u.) smeller. — de cuisine; sponger; smell-feast.

flamand, -e, n. and adj., Fleming; Flemish.

flamant, n.m., (orni.) flamingo.

flambant, -e, adj., blazing, flaming; flash; (her.) flaming. — neuf; brand-new.

flambard, -e, adj., (pop.) bright, flashy.

flambard, n.m., sword with a waving blade; (nav.) fishing smack.

flambe, n.f., (bot.) common iris.

flambé, -e, adj., singed; ruined, done for. Il est —; he is done for. Mon argent est —; my money is lost.

flambeau, n.m., link, taper, torch; candle-stick; light, luminary. Porte-—; (—-—x) link-boy. Les —x de la nuit; the stars. À la lumière des —x; by torch-light.

flamber, v.a., to singe, to fumigate; to inflame; to fire. — une volaille; to singe a fowl.

flamber, v.n., to blaze, to flame, to flare.

flamberge, n.f., (jest.) sword. Mettre — au vent; to draw one’s sword. — au vent; with drawn sword.

flambergeant, n.m., curlew.

flamboiement, n.m., flaming, blazing; flare.

flamboyant, -e, adj., flaming, blazing; gleaming, glistening; (her.) flamboyant.

flamboyer, v.n., to flame, to blaze, to flare; to flash.

flamine, n.m., (antiq.) flamen.

flamme, n.f., flame, blaze, fire, glow, luster; ardor; passion; (nav.) pendant; (vet.) fleam. Ce feu ne fait point de —; that fire does not blaze. Jeter de la —; to flame. Jeter feu et —; to fret and fume.

flammèche, n.f., flake of fire; spark.

flammerole, n.f., fire-drake; will o’ the wisp.

flammette, n.f., (vet.) fleam; little flame.

flan, n.m., custard; a blank coin.

flanc (flan), n.m., flank, side; entrails; womb, bosom; (nav.) breast. Se battre les —s; to exert one’s self (to no purpose). Par le — droit; (milit.) to the right about. Prêter le — à; to lay one’s self open to. Être sur le —; (pop.) to be laid up; to be on one’s back.

flanchet, n.m., flank of beef or of cod.

flanconade, n.f., (fenc.) flanconade.

flandrin, n.m., tall lanky fellow.

flanelle, n.f., flannel.

flâner, v.a., to lounge, to saunter, to stroll, to loaf.

flânerie (flâ-n-rî), n.f., lounging; lounge; stroll; sauntering; loafing.

flâneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., lounger, stroller, saunterer; loafer.

flanquant, -e, adj., (fort.) flanking.

flanquement (flank-mān), n.m., (fort.) flanking.

flanquer, v.a., (arch., fort.) to flank; to defend, to secure, to guard; to deal (a blow); to strike; to throw; to toss, to fling, to pitch. — un soufflet à quelqu’un; to box any one’s ears. — à la porte; to bundle out. Je lui ai flanqué une pile; (triv.) I gave him a sound licking.

se flanquer, v.r., to throw one’s self down or in; to fall down; to poke, to intrude; to give one’s self or each other.

flaque, n.f., small pool, puddle.

flaquée, n.f., dash (of water); dab.

flaquer, v.a., (l.u.) to dash (water, etc.).

flasque, adj., lank, slack, limp, feeble, weak, flabby.

flasque, n.m., cheek (of gun-carriages).

flasque, n.f., flask, powder-flask.

flatir, v.a., (coin.) to flatten.

flatoir, n.m., (coin.) flattening-hammer.

flâtrer, v.a., to fire; to cauterize (dogs, etc.).

flatter, v.a., to flatter, to tickle; to gloss over; to cajole; to deceive, to delude; to caress, to endear, to make much of, to stroke, to coax, to fawn; to smooth; to touch gently; to run one’s fingers over. Elle aime à s’entendre —; she likes to be flattered. Un portrait flatté; a flattering likeness. La musique flatte l’oreille; music soothes the ear. Le chien flatte son maître; the dog fawns upon his master.

se flatter, v.r., to flatter one’s self, to deceive, to delude one’s self; to hope, to trust, to expect.

flatterie (fla-trî), n.f., flattery, adulation.

flatteu-r, -se, adj., flattering, complimentary; fawning; gratifying, pleasing; eulogistic.

flatteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., flatterer.

flatteusement (-teuz-mān), adv., flatteringly.

flatueu-x, -se, adj., flatulent, windy.

flatulence, n.f., flatulence, wind.

flatulent, -e, adj., flatulent, windy.

flatuosité, n.f., flatulency.

fléau, n.m., (agri.) flail; scourge, plague; beam (of a balance); iron bar (to fasten folding gates).

flèche, n.f., arrow, dart, shaft; (astron.) sagitta; spire; (tric-trac) point; tandem (of driving); (nav.) pole; perch (of carriages); (fort.) bonnet; (arch.) rise. Tirer une —; to let fly an arrow. Faire — de tout bois; to leave no stone unturned. Il ne sait plus de quel bois faire —; he does not know which way to turn, he is at his wit’s end. — de lard; flitch of bacon.

fléchier, n.m., arrow-maker.

fléchière, n.f., (bot.) arrow-head.

fléchir, v.a., to bend, to bow; to move, to melt; to persuade, to touch, to soften. Se laisser —; to relent, to give in, to consent.

fléchir, v.n., to bend, to bow, to yield, to give way, to stagger, to waver.

fléchissable, adj., flexible, pliant.

fléchissement (-shis-mān), n.m., bending, giving way.

fléchisseur, n. and adj. m., (anat.) flexor.

flegmasie, n.f. V. phlegmasie.

flegmatique or phlegmatique, adj., (med.) phlegmatic, cold, dull, sluggish, phlegmatic (of the mind). n., cold, dull, phlegmatic person.

flegme or phlegme, n.m., phlegm, coldness.

flegmon, n.m. V. phlegmon.

flegmoneu-x, -se, adj. V. phlegmoneux.

flétan, flételet, or flétau, n.m., (ich.) halibut.

flétrir, v.a., to wither, to dry up, to cause to fade, to blight, to blast; to tarnish, to blemish, to brand, to disgrace, to stain, to dishonor, to stigmatize.

se flétrir, v.r., to fade, to wither, to tarnish; to dishonor one’s self; to be branded, to be stigmatized.

flétrissant, -e, adj., dishonoring, blighting.

flétrissure, n.f., fading, decaying, withering; blemish, blot, brand, discredit, disgrace; stigma.

flette, n.f., flat-bottomed boat.

fleur, n.f., flower, bloom, blossom; choice, best, pick; flourish; (pharm.) flour. — de farine; best flour, whites. —s d’arbre; blossoms of a tree. Être dans la — de son âge; to be in the prime of life. Être dans toute sa —; to be in its prime (of a thing). Avoir la — d’une chose; to have the best of a thing. Semer de —s; to strew with flowers. —s blanches; whites, fluor-albus. À — de; even with, level with. À — de terre; even with the ground. Fine —; pick, flower. À —s; flowery, flowered. Yeux à — de tête; goggle or prominent eyes. Entrer en —; to flower, bloom. À — d’eau; between wind and water.

fleurage, n.m., pollard.

fleuraison or floraison, n.f., efflorescence, blowing-time, flowering season.

fleur de lis, n.f., fleur-de-lis.

fleurdelisé, -e, part., marked with a fleur-de-lis.

fleurdeliser, v.a., to mark with a fleur-de-lis.

fleuré, adj., (her.) flowery, flowered.

fleurer, v.n., to smell, to exhale. Cela fleure bon; that smells nice. (pop.) for flairer, or sentir.

fleuret, n.m., silk ferret; (fenc.) foil.

fleureter. V. flirter.

fleurette, n.f., little flower, floweret; amorous discourse, gallant speech. Conter —; to talk sweet nonsense, to make love to.

fleuri, -e, part., flowery, florid, agreeable. Teint —; florid complexion. Ecrire d’une manière —e; to write in a florid style.

fleurir, v.n., to flower, to blow; to bloom, to blossom; to thrive, to be in repute, to flourish, to prosper. Cet arbre fleurissait tous les ans deux fois; this tree blossomed twice every year. Cet auteur florissait sous le règne de; that author flourished under the reign of. Les arts et les sciences florissaient alors; arts and sciences flourished then.

fleurir, v.a., to ornament with flowers.

se fleurir, v.r., to adorn one’s self with flowers.

fleurissant, -e, adj., blossoming, blooming.

fleuriste, n.m.f., florist, floriculturist; artificial-flower-maker; (in compound words) flower. Jardinier —; flower-gardener, nursery-man. Jardin —; flower-garden.

fleuron, n.m., flower-work (paint., etc.); jewel, ornament; (print.) tail-piece. C’est le plus beau — de sa couronne; it is the brightest jewel in his crown.

fleuronné, -e, adj., (bot.) having florets; (paleography) ornamented. (her.) V. fleuré.

fleuve, n.m., river (which falls into the sea), stream; (myth., paint., sculpt.) river-god. Le bord d’un —; the bank of a river. L’embouchure d’un —; the mouth of a river.

flexibilité, n.f., flexibility, flexibleness, pliancy, suppleness.

flexible, adj., flexible, pliable, pliant, supple.

flexion, n.f., flexion, bending.

flexueu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) flexuous.

flexuosité, n.f., (bot.) flexuosity.

flibot, n.m., (nav.) fly-boat.

flibustier (-tié), n.m., buccaneer, freebooter.

flic-flac, n.m., crack of the whip; flick-flack.

flint-glass, n.m., flint-glass.

flirter, v.n., to flirt.

floc, n.m., flock; tuft, tassel.

floche, n.f., rag; flock. adj., shaggy. Soie —; floss-silk.

flocon, n.m., flake; flock, tuft. Un — de laine; a flock of wool. Il tombait de la neige à gros —s; snow fell in great flakes.

floconneu-x, -se, adj., flaky.

flonflon, n.m., tol-de-rol (chorus).

floraison, n.f. V. flouraison.

floral, -e, adj., (bot.) floral. Jeux floraux; floral games.

flore, n.f., (bot.) anthology, flora; (myth.) Flora.

floréal, n.m., Floreal (the eighth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from April 20th to May 19th).

florence, n.m., sarcenet.

florencé, -e, adj., (her.) flowery.

florentin, -e, n. and adj., Florentine.

florentine, n.f., florentine.

florès (-rès), adv., figure, dash. Faire —; to make a show, to cut a dash.

florifère, adj., (bot.) floriferous.

florin, n.m., florin.

florissant, -e, adj., prosperous, flourishing.

floriste, n.m., florist.

flosculeu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) floscular, flosculous.

floss, n.m., (metal.) floss.

flot, n.m., wave, billow, flood, surge; tide, flood-tide; crowd (of persons); stream, torrent. Les —s de la mer; the waves of the sea. Le bruit des —s; the roaring of the waves. Mettre un vaisseau à —; to set a ship afloat. Être à —; to be afloat. À —s; in streams, in torrents; in crowds. Demi —; half-flood, half-tide. — et jusant; flood and ebb.

flottable, adj., navigable (for rafts).

flottage, n.m., floating of wood, rafting.

flottaison, n.f., flotation (nav.). Ligne de —; load water-line or mark.

flottant, n.m., (of hydraulic wheels) float.

flottant, -e, adj., floating, flowing; irresolute, wavering, fluctuating.

flotte, n.f., fleet; navy, shipping, cable-buoy; (fishing) float.

flotté, -e, part., floated. Bois —; float-wood.

flottement (flot-mān), n.m., floating; wavering, irresolution; (milit.) undulation.

flotter, v.n., to float, to waft; to be irresolute, to fluctuate, to waver. Faire — du bois; to float wood. v.a., (nav.) to ease off, to slacken (cable).

flotteron, n.m., small float.

flotteur, n.m., raftsman; (nav.) cable-buoy; water-gauge.

*flottille, n.f., flotilla.

flou, n.m., (paint.) softness; delicacy of touch.

flou, adj., (paint.) light and soft.

flou, adv., (paint.) lightly.

flouer, v.a., to cheat; to diddle out of.

flouerie (floû-rî), n.f., cheating, swindling.

floueur, n.m., sharper, cheat, gull-catcher.

flou-flou, n.m., (—) rustling, rustle of silk.

fluant, -e, adj., liquid, flowing, flimsy, unresisting, transient; badly sized (of paper).

fluate, n.m., (chem.) fluate, fluoride.

fluaté, -e, adj., fluoride of. Chaux —e; fluoride of lime.

fluctuant, adj., fluctuating.

fluctuation, n.f., fluctuation.

fluctueu-x, -se, adj., fluctuating, agitated, boisterous.

fluer, v.n., to flow, to run.

fluet, -te, adj., thin, spare, lean, slender, lank.

flueurs, n.f.pl., (med.) fluor-albus, whites.

fluide, adj., liquid, flowing, fluid.

fluide, n.m., fluid.

fluidité, n.f., fluidity, fluidness.

fluor, n.m., (chem.) fluorine; (min.) fluor; fluor-spar. Spath —; fluor, fluor-spar.

fluorine, n.f., (chem.) fluorine; (min.) fluoride.

flûte, n.f., (nav.) flute; (mus.) flute; French roll, tall glass (for champagne). Jouer de la —; to play the flute. — allemande, traversière; German flute. Petite —; piccolo. Ce qui vient de la — s’en retourne au tambour; lightly come, lightly go. Ajuster ses —s; to tune one’s pipes; to prepare one’s measures. Accordez vos —s; settle it between you.

flûté, -e, adj., soft, fluted, fluty; piping; squeaky.

flûteau, n.m., child’s whistle; (bot.) water-plantain.

flûter, v.n., to flute, to pipe; to drink hard; to tipple.

flûteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (b.s.) player on the flute, piper, (fam.) toper, tippler.

flûtiste, n.m., flutist, flute-player.

fluvial, -e, adj., fluvial.

fluviatile, adj., fluviatile, fluviatic.

flux (flu), n.m., flux, flow, influx, flood; stream, rising; (at cards) flush. — de sang; bloody flux. — de ventre; dysentery.

fluxion, n.f., inflammation; swelling. pl., (math.) fluxions. Une — de poitrine; inflammation of the lungs.

fluxionnaire, adj., (l.u.) subject to inflammation.

foarre, foerre, fouarre, n.m., straw (of oats).

foc, n.m., (nav.) jib, stay-sail. Grand —; standing-jib. Petit —; fore stay-sail. Bâton de —; jib-boom.

focal, adj., focal.

foène, n.f., eel-spear.

fœtus (fé-tus), n.m., fœtus.

foi, n.f., faith, belief; fidelity, honor; trust; credit, evidence; proof, testimony; (milit.) parole; fealty. N’avoir ni — ni loi; to regard neither law nor gospel, or to be utterly reckless, unprincipled. Ma —! really! faith! to be sure! I declare! Fausser sa —; to break one’s faith. — de gentilhomme; as I am a gentleman, on the word or honor of a gentleman. Garder sa —; to keep one’s faith. Manquer à sa —; to break one’s faith. Bonne —; good faith, honesty, plain-dealing. Mauvaise —; dishonesty, unfairness, false play. Profession de —; creed, belief. Un homme de bonne —; an honest man. Ajouter — à quelque chose; to give credit to anything. Avez-vous — à ces contes-là? do you believe such stories? En — de quoi; in testimony whereof. De bonne —; sincerely, honestly, uprightly, in earnest. Agir de bonne —; to act fairly. Faire — de; to testify, to prove, to be evidence of.

foible. V. faible.

foie, n.m., liver. Maladie de —; liver-complaint. Pâté de — gras; goose liver pie.

foin, n.m., hay, grass. Meule de —; hay-stack or rick; (of artichokes) choke. Grenier à —; hayloft. Faire les —s; to make hay. Mettre du — dans ses bottes; to feather one’s nest. Avoir du — dans ses bottes; to be well off.

foire, n.f., (l.ex.) diarrhœa; fair (market); fairing. La — n’est pas sur le pont; there is no occasion to be in such a hurry. Ils s’entendent comme larrons en —; they are hand and glove together.

foirer, v.n., (l.ex.) to have diarrhœa; (fig.) to show the white feather.

foireu-x, -se, adj., (l.ex.) lax, relaxed. n., one who has diarrhœa. Avoir la mine —se; to look pale, sick.

fois, n.f., time, occasion (repetition). Une — par an; once a year. Deux — par semaine; twice a week. Plusieurs —; several times. De — à autre; from time to time. Une autre —; another time. Une — pour toutes; once for all. Une — autant; as much again. À la —, tout à la —; all together, all at once. Autant de — que, toutes les — que; as often as. Une — n’est pas coutume; once does not constitute a habit. À plusieurs —; repeatedly. Y regarder à deux —; to look twice (before doing anything). N’en pas faire à deux —; not to hesitate a moment. Trois — trois; three times three.

foison, n.f., plenty, abundance. À —; plentifully, abundantly; in crowds.

foisonner, v.n., to abound; to increase; to swarm (of animals).

fol, -le, adj. V. fou.

folâtre, adj., sportive, frolicsome, playful; wanton.

folâtrer, v.n., to play, to sport, to toy, to romp, to frolic. En folâtrant; sportively, wantonly.

folâtrerie, n.f., frolic, prank, gambol, toying, wanton trick.

foliacé, -e, adj., foliaceous.

foliaire, adj., of leaf, of leaves.

foliation, n.f., (arch.) feathering; (bot.) foliation.

folichon, -ne, n. and adj., wag, frolicsome person; gamesome, wanton, sportive, fresh, frolicsome. Un petit —; a little wag.

folie, n.f., madness, folly, distraction, lunacy, frenzy; piece of folly, foolery, foolishness, mania, hobby; country-seat. Un accès de —; a fit of madness. Faire des —s; to squander money; to carry on. Qui fait la — la boit; as you brew, so you must drink. Aimer à la —; to love to distraction. À la —; madly, passionately.

folié, -e, adj., foliated.

folio, n.m., folio. Un in-—; (—) a folio book. — recto; first page. — verso; second page.

foliole, n.f., (bot.) foliole.

follement (fol-mān), adv., madly, foolishly, dotingly, extravagantly, distractedly.

follet, -te, adj., wanton, playful, frolicsome, waggish; downy (of hair). Poil —; down. Feu —; ignis fatuus, will-o’-the-wisp, jack-a-lantern. Esprit —; sprite, goblin, hobgoblin.

follet, n.m., goblin, sprite, elf.

folliculaire, n.m., (b.s.) pamphleteer.

follicule, n.m., follicle.

follicule, n.f., (pharm.) pod (of senna).

fomentation, n.f., fomentation.

fomenter, v.a., to foment, to feed. — des troubles; to excite troubles. — une querelle; to stir up a quarrel.

foncé, -e, adj., dark, deep (of color); bottomed (of chairs or casks); (meta.) moneyed; well versed in.

foncement (fons-mān), n.m., sinking (of wells).

foncer, v.a., to bottom (a cask); to sink (wells); to deepen (of colors). v.n., to dash, to rush upon; to supply funds. Foncez! charge down! Se —, v.r., (of color) to deepen; (pop.) to be getting tipsy.

foncet, n.m., barge-boat.

fonceur, n.m., sinker (of wells).

fonci-er, -ère, adj., landed; ☉deep-seated, thorough. Contribution —ère; land-tax. Propriétaire —; land owner. Rente —ère; ground rent.

foncièrement (-sièr-mān), adv., thoroughly, completely; at the bottom; in the main.

fonction, n.f., functions, office. pl., functions, duty, office; working, action. Entrer en —; to enter upon one’s duties or upon office. Faire ses —s; to perform one’s duties. Sortir de —; to retire from office. En —; acting, at work.

fonctionnaire, n.m., functionary; officer, office-holder, official.

fonctionnel, -le, adj., functional.

fonctionnement, n.m., acting, operating, working, action.

fonctionner, v.n., to work, to act, to operate.

fond, n.m., bottom, end, lower end, ground; groundwork; foundation; depth; center, heart, further end, most remote part, main point; basis; essential part, essence, gist; (paint.) background. pl., (print.) inner margin; (thea.) back-scene; (mining) underground; recess; (nav.) flooring (of a cap, crown, caul). Sans —; bottomless. Tomber au —; to fall to the bottom. Le — d’un carrosse; the back of a coach. — de lit; wooden bottom of a bed. Dans le —; at bottom, in reality. Le — d’un bois; the heart of a forest. Il faut venir au —; we must get to the bottom. Voir le — du sac; to search, probe, a thing to the bottom. Velours à — d’or; velvet with a gold ground. Des arbres occupent le — du tableau; trees occupy the background of the picture. Le — d’un miroir; the back of a looking-glass. Bas-—, (—-—s) deep water. Haut-—, (—-—s) shallow water. Perdre —; to get out of one’s depth. Prendre —; to touch bottom. Donner —; (nav.) to cast anchor. Couler à —; (nav.) to sink, to run down. À — de cale; in the bottom of the hold. À —; thoroughly, fully, to the bottom, perfectly. Fin —; lowest depth, very depths of, innermost recesses; farthest end, extremity, ends of. Il possède cette science à —; he is a thorough master of that science. Au —; in the main, at bottom. De — en comble; wholly, from top to bottom, irretrievably. Il est ruiné de — en comble; he is utterly ruined. Faire — sur; (fig.) to rely, to depend on.

fondage, n.m., casting, smelting, melting.

fondamental, -e, adj., fundamental, essential, radical.

fondamentalement (-tal-mān), adv., fundamentally, essentially, radically.

fondant, -e, adj., melting, dissolving. Tableau —; dissolving view. Poire —e; melting, over-ripe pear.

fondant, n.m., flux (melting); sweetmeat.

fondat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., founder, foundress.

fondation, n.f., foundation; groundwork; basis, bed; bottoming (of roads); endowment, establishment. La — d’une colonie; the establishment of a colony.

fondé, n.m., proxy. — de pouvoirs, de procuration; private attorney; agent acting under power of attorney, legal representative.

fondé, -e, adj., founded, well-founded; authentic, strong; (fin.) consolidated. Être — à; to have a right to, to have authority to, to be justified in. Être — en droit; to have a just cause.

fondement (fond-mān), n.m., foundation; groundwork; basis; ground, cause. Jeter les —s de la paix; to lay the foundations of peace. Ce bruit est sans —; that report is without foundation. Dénué de —; groundless.

fonder, v.a., to lay the foundation, to build, to erect, to found; to ground, to base, to rest; to establish; to justify; to endow. — un empire; to lay the foundation of an empire.

se fonder, v.r., to rely, to rest upon, to be grounded, to be founded. Se — sur l’analogie; to be founded upon analogy.

fonderie (fon-drî), n.f., foundry, foundery, founding; melting-house, smelting-house. — de caractères; letter-foundry, type-foundry.

fondeur, n.m., founder, melter; smelter (of ore). — en caractères; letter-founder, type-founder.

fondis, n.m., giving way, sinking, settling.

fondoir, n.m., melting-house.

fondre, v.a., to melt, to dissolve, to cast; (paint.) to soften; to blend. — une cloche; to cast a bell.

se fondre, v.r., to melt; to dissolve; to blend, to coalesce; to be cast; to be merged, to be fused; to diminish, to disappear suddenly, to melt away.

fondre, v.n., to melt down; to melt away; to dissolve; to burst (into tears); to dart, to pounce upon; to make a stoop (of birds); to fall away, to vanish. Il fondit sur lui; he pounced upon him. — en larmes; to burst into tears.

fondrière, n.f., bog, quagmire, slough, gully.

*fondrilles, n.f.pl., grounds, sediment, dregs. V. effondrilles.

fonds (fōn), n.m., land, soil, ground; landed property; funds, stock, capital, principal, cash, ready money; stock in trade, business; subject, matter. pl., funds, stocks. Article de —; leading article. Biens-—; landed property. Acheter des —; to put money in the funds. Mettre de l’argent à — perdus; to sink money (in an annuity). Spéculer sur les — publics; to speculate in the public funds. Céder son —; to give up one’s business. Être en —; to be in cash. Faire rentrer des —; to get in money. Ce marchand a vendu son —; that tradesman has sold his business. Un — inépuisable de science; an inexhaustible mine of knowledge. — secrets; service-fund, service-money. — d’amortissement; sinking fund.

fondue, n.f., (cook.) dish made of cheese and eggs.

fonger, v.n., to blot (of paper).

fongible, adj., (jur.) fungible.

fongosité, n.f., (med.) fungus.

fongueu-x, -se (-gheû, -z), adj., (med.) fungous, proud.

fongus (-gus), n.m., (med.) fungus.

fontaine, n.f., fountain; spring; cistern; tap, cock, plug; (for tea) urn. De l’eau de —; spring water. Il a été à la — de Jouvence; he has renewed his youth. Il ne faut jamais dire: “—, je ne boirai pas de ton eau”; we must never say, “I shall never need that,” or “such a thing will never happen.”

fontainier. V. fontenier.

fontanelle, n.f., (anat.) fontanel.

☉fontange, n.f., topknot (ribbon).

fonte, n.f., melting, casting, cast; cast-iron; brass; smelting; (print.) font, fount; holster (of saddles). Fer de — or — de fer; cast-iron. Jeter en —; to cast. Métal de —; gun-metal; brass.

fontenier, n.m., fountain-maker; turncock.

fonticule, n.m., (surg.) issue.

fonts (fōn), n.m.pl., font. Tenir quelqu’un sur les —; to stand godfather, godmother, to any one.

for, n.m., (l.u.) tribunal, conscience. — extérieur; temporal jurisdiction of the church. — intérieur; spiritual jurisdiction; inner conscience.

forage, n.m., boring; drilling; wine dues.

forain, -e, adj., foreign, alien, outlandish, traveling, itinerant. Marchand —; hawker, peddler. Rade —e; (nav.) open roadstead. Spectacle —; traveling show. Marchand —; pork-salesman. Chemin —; carriage road. Propriétaire —; absentee landlord.

foraminé, adj., foraminous.

forban, n.m., pirate, sea-robber, corsair.

forçage, n.m., (coin.) overweight.

forçat, n.m., galley-slave, convict.

force, n.f., strength, might, force; forcibleness, power, authority; violence, constraint, necessity; command, vigor, energy, efficacy; fortitude, resolution; skill, cleverness, proficiency; (nav.) press (of sail). pl., troops, forces. Les —s lui manquent; his strength is failing him. Frapper de toute sa —; to strike with all one’s might. Être à bout de —s; to be done up. Mettre des —s sur pied; to raise forces. Assembler ses —s; to muster one’s forces. Les —s de terre; land forces. La — de la vérité; the power of truth. Céder à la — majeure; to yield to superior force. Dans toute la — du terme; in every sense of the word. De gré ou de —; whether you like it or no. — est restée à la loi; order was restored. User de —, employer la —; to use forcible means. Faire — de voiles; to crowd all sail. Faire — de rames; to row with all one’s might. Maison de —; house of correction, bridewell. Il n’a ni — ni vertu; he has neither valor nor virtue. À — de; by dint of. De —; a match for. De — à; strong enough to; equal to. À — de bras; by strength of arm. À — d’argent; with large sums of money. De —, par —; forcibly, by force, by forcible means. À toute —; absolutely, by all means, at all hazards. Travailler à —; to work hard. — me fut de; I was compelled to.

force, adv., much, a great quantity of, a great deal of; many, a great many, any number of. Je leur fis — compliments; I paid them any number of compliments. — gens; any number of people.

forcé, -e, part., forced, unnatural, strained, far-fetched; (man.) overreached; compulsory, unavoidable. C’est —; it is inevitable; it must happen. Vent —; (nav.) violent, boisterous wind.

forcément, adv., forcibly, by force, compulsorily; necessarily; inevitably.

forcement, n.m., forcing, compelling, compulsion; rape. — de recette; compulsion to refund.

forcené, -e, n. and adj., madman, mad-woman; furious, frantic, mad, passionate, infuriated; enraged.

forceps (-séps), n.m., (surg.) forceps.

forcer, v.a., to force, to compel, to constrain; to impel; to break open, to wrench, to wrest, to bend, to break through; to run down (hunt.). — une porte; to break open a door. — une clef; to force a key. — un cheval; to override or overdo a horse. — la nature; to force or outrage nature. — sa voix; to strain one’s voice. — les voiles; to crowd all sail. — les rames; to ply the oars. — le pas; to quicken one’s pace.

se forcer, v.r., to strain, to strain one’s self; to do violence to one’s feelings.

forcerie, n.f., forcing house.

forces, n.f.pl., shears.

forcet, n.m., whip-cord.

forclore, v.a., (jur.) to foreclose, to estop.

forclusion, n.f., (jur.) foreclosure, foreclosing, estoppel.

foré, -e, part., bored, drilled; piped (of keys).

forer, v.a., to bore, to drill, to perforate, to pierce.

forestier, n.m., ranger, keeper, forester.

foresti-er, -ère, adj., forest, pertaining to forests. Enlever au régime des lois —ères; to disafforest. Garde —; forest-ranger, forester.

forêt, n.f., forest, forest-land, woodland; roof-timber; den of thieves, shock (of hair). Conversion en —; afforestation. Convertir en —; to afforest. Déclarer ne plus être —; to disafforest. Une — de cheveux; a great shock of hair.

foret, n.m., gimlet, borer, drill.

forfaire, v.n., to fail in one’s duty; to trespass, to transgress; to prevaricate; to be false to. Il a forfait à l’honneur; he has been false to honor.

forfaire, v.a., to forfeit (fief).

forfait, n.m., forfeit, crime, offense, transgression; contract. Entreprendre à —; to contract for, to take by the job. À —; in the lump; on speculation.

forfaiture, n.f., forfeiture; prevarication.

forfanterie (-fan-trî), n.f., romancing, bragging, puffing, boasting.

forficule, n.f., (ent.) earwig.

forge, n.f., forge, smithy; farmer’s shop; blacksmith’s shop. pl., iron-works. Grosse —; large forge. — de campagne; (milit.) traveling forge. Maître de —s; iron-master.

forgeable (-jabl), adj., forgeable.

forger, v.a., to forge, to hammer; to invent, to fabricate, to contrive, to forge, to coin. — des nouvelles; to fabricate news. — des mots; to coin words. Fer forgé; wrought iron.

se forger, v.r., to create, to imagine, to conjure up, to fancy.

forgerie, n.f., iron-works.

forgeron, n.m., smith, blacksmith. En forgeant on devient —; practice makes perfect.

forgeur, n.m., forger, hammerman, contriver, inventor, fabricator.

forhuer or forhuir, v.n., (hunt.) to blow, to wind (a horn); to recall the hounds; to recheat.

forjet, n.m., jutting out (of a wall).

forjeter, v.n., (arch.) to jut out.

forlancer, v.a., (hunt.) to dislodge, to start (game).

forlonger, v.a., to spin out, to lengthen, to protract. v.n., to get ahead (of a stag).

se forlonger, v.r., to be spun out, to be drawn out; (hunt.) to run a length; to get ahead. Le cerf s’était forlongé; the stag had got ahead.

formaliser, v.a., to offend, to shock.

se formaliser, v.r., to take exception to, or offense at, to feel offended.

formalisme, n.m., formalism.

formaliste, adj., formal, precise, ceremonious. Il est trop —; he is too precise.

formaliste, n.m., formalist.

formalité, n.f., formality, form, ceremony. Défaut de —, manque de —; (jur.) informality.

formariage, n.m., (feudal-law) marriage between serfs belonging each to a different lord.

format, n.m., form, size, shape (of a book).

format-eur, -rice, adj., formative, creative.

formation, n.f., formation.

forme, n.f., form, shape, figure, make; mode, mold, frame; body (of a hat); mold (in paper-making); (print.) form; seat; stall (of a choir); bed of gravel; (vet.) ring-bone; (nav.) dock. — de soulier; last of a shoe. Mettre des souliers en —; to put shoes on the last. — de chapeau; hat block. Sans autre — de procès; without any further formality. En —; formally. — de procédure; law proceeding, procedure. En la — qui suit; as follows. Argument en —; formal argument. Pour la —; for form’s sake. — brisée; stretchers. Dans les —s; en bonne —; in due form, in order.

formé, -e, adj. & part., formed; full-grown, mature, matured; set (of fruit).

formel, -le, adj., formal, express, precise, plain, explicit.

formellement (-mèl-mān), adv., formally, expressly, precisely, strictly.

former, v.a., to form, to frame, to fashion, to compose, to make up, to bring up, to cut out, to mold, to season; (jur.) to array (a panel). — une difficulté; to raise a difficulty. — une plainte; to lodge a complaint. — un jeune homme; to train up a youth.

se former, v.r., to be made, formed; to be bred, to form, to take, to assume a form, to take shape, to improve; to resolve one’s self into (a committee, etc.). — une idée de quelque chose; to form an idea of anything. Il se formera avec le temps; he will become polished or improve with time.

formica-leo, n.m., (—) myrmeleon, ant-lion.

formicant, adj., (med.) (of the pulse) weak and frequent.

formication, n.f., (med.) formication.

formidable, adj., formidable, dreadful, frightful; tremendous, fearful.

formier, n.m., last-maker.

formique, adj., (chem.) formic.

formuer, v.a., (hawking) to mew.

formulaire, n.m., formulary.

formule, n.f., formula, form; prescription. — d’algèbre; algebraic formula.

formuler, v.a., (med.) to write a prescription in due form; to detail, to state; (jur.) to draw up in due form, to formulate; (alg.) to reduce to a formula. Se —; to be drawn up.

fornicat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., fornicator.

fornication, n.f., fornication.

forniquer, v.n., to fornicate.

forpaître or forpaiser, v.n., (hunt.) to feed at a distance from the covert.

☉fors, prep., save, except, but.

forsenant, adj., (hunt.) eager after game.

fort, -e, adj., strong, stout, powerful, violent, plentiful, copious; severe (of illness); sturdy, robust, lusty, hardy, able-bodied, vigorous, able; hard, painful, difficult; skillful, clever; high (of wind); heavy (of ground, of rain). Avoir la tête —e, l’esprit —; to be strong minded. Un esprit —; a free-thinker. Un coffre —; a strong box, a safe. Colle —e; glue. Terre —e; heavy ground. Place —e; stronghold. Expression —e; telling expression. — de poids; overweight, too heavy. À plus —e raison; so much the more or all the more reason. Le plus — en est fait; the worst is over. Être — aux échecs; to play at chess very well. Se faire — de; to undertake, to take upon one’s self to, to feel confident of being able to. Se porter — pour quelqu’un; to answer for any one. Trouver plus — que soi; to meet with more than one’s match. C’est plus — que moi; I cannot help it. C’est trop —, c’est par trop —; it is too bad. Voilà qui est —; come! I like that.

fort, n.m., strongest part of a thing; thickest part (of a wood); stronghold, fort; strength, skill; depth, heat, height; center. Le — d’une affaire; the main point of a business. La raison du — est toujours la meilleure; might is right. La critique est son —; criticism is his forte. Dans le — de or au — de l’hiver; in the depth of winter. Dans le — de sa colère; in the height of his passion. Dans le — du combat; in the heat of the fight. Au — de la tempête; in the height of the storm. — de la halle; market-porter. Le — portant le faible, or du — au faible; one thing with another; on an average. Connaître, or savoir, le — et le faible de; to know the ins and outs of. Le plus — est fait; the worst is over, or the most difficult part is done.

fort, adv., very, very much, highly, extremely, vastly, exceedingly; hard, forcibly. — bien; very well. Bien —; very hard, or very loud. — et ferme; resolutely; for all one is worth. Il pleut —; it is raining fast. Frapper —; to strike hard.

forte, adv., (mus.) forte.

fortement, adv., strongly, vigorously, with force, stoutly, forcibly, much; exceedingly.

forteresse (for-très), n.f., fortress, stronghold.

fortifiant, -e, adj., strengthening, fortifying, invigorating, bracing.

fortifiant, n.m., (med.) tonic.

fortification, n.f., fortification; redoubt.

fortifier, v.a., to fortify, to strengthen, to invigorate, to brace; to corroborate, to confirm. Le bon vin fortifie l’estomac; good wine is strengthening.

se fortifier, v.r., to fortify one’s self, to gather strength, to grow strong; to make one’s self a proficient; to gain proficiency; to make one’s self better acquainted; to become skilled.

fortin, n.m., (milit.) fortlet, little fort.

à fortiori (-cio-), adv., à fortiori, much more.

fortitrer, v.n., (hunt.) to avoid the dogs.

fortitude, n.f., fortitude.

fortrait, -e, adj., (of horses) overworked, spent.

fortraiture, n.f., overfatigue (of a horse).

fortuit, -e, adj., fortuitous, casual. Cas —; mere chance or accident.

fortuitement (-tu-it-mān), adv., fortuitously, casually, accidentally, by chance.

fortune, n.f., fortune, chance, risk, hazard, wealth, luck, success, property; (myth.) Fortune. La — lui sourit; fortune smiles upon him. Avoir de la —; to possess property, to be rich. Artisan de sa —; architect of one’s own fortune. La — du pot; pot-luck. Bonne —; good luck, good fortune, windfall. Mauvaise —; ill-fortune, ill-luck. Courir après la —; to hunt after riches. Brusquer la —; to tempt fortune. Faire —; to make a fortune. Être en —; to be lucky, to be in luck’s way. Manger sa —; to squander one’s fortune. Il faut faire contre mauvaise — bon cœur; we must put a good face upon matters. De —; enriched, self-made. Homme à bonnes —s; lady-killer; intriguer. — de mer; sea risks. Demi —; one-horse carriage.

fortuné, -e, adj., fortunate, lucky; happy.

forum (fo-rom), n.m., (antiq.) forum.

forure, n.f., bore, hole drilled.

fosse, n.f., hole, pit, den, grave; (hort.) trench; cesspool, pipe; (of the nose) chamber. Basse-—; dungeon. Avoir un pied dans la —; to have one foot in the grave. — de céleri; celery-trench. — à fumier; dung-hole. — aux lions; lion’s den; (nav.) boatswain’s store-room. Mettre dans la —; to lay in the grave. Mettre la clé sur la —; to waive one’s right of inheritance.

fossé, n.m., ditch, drain; (fort.) moat, fosse. Mourir au bord d’un —; to die in a ditch. Sauter le —; to pass the Rubicon, to cast the die. Ce qui tombe dans le — c’est pour les soldats; “findings is keepings.”

fossette, n.f., dimple; (play) chuck-farthing; pit of the stomach.

fossile, n.m. and adj., fossil.

fossoyage, n.m., ditching; grave-digging.

fossoyer, v.n., to ditch, to dig a trench round.

fossoyeur, n.m., ditcher, grave-digger; sexton.

fou or fol, folle, adj., mad, foolish, wild, insane, senseless, frolicsome; playful; excessively fond; distracting (of pain); excessive. Un fol espoir; a foolish hope. Devenir —; to go mad. Être — de; to be mad for; to be passionately fond of. Que vous êtes —! how foolish you are! — à lier; raving, mad.

fou, n.m., folle, n.f., madman, madwoman; madcap; mad-brain; jester, fool; bishop (at chess); (orni.) booby. Maison de —s; lunatic asylum. Faire le —; to play the fool. Plus on est de —s, plus on rit; the more the merrier. Qui ne sait pas être — n’est pas sage; it takes a wise man to make a fool.

fouace, n.f., buttered roll; hearth-cake.

fouage, n.m., hearth-money, hearth-penny.

*fouaille, n.f., (hunt.) quarry.

*fouailler, v.a., to lash, to whip.

foudre, n.f., thunder, thunder-bolt, lightning. Coup de —; clap of thunder. La — est tombée sur; a thunderbolt fell on. Lancer la —; to hurl the thunderbolt. Être tué par la —; to be killed by lightning.

foudre, n.m., thunderbolt; great orator; great warrior, captain, hero; a large cask, a tun. Un — de guerre; a great captain.

foudroiement or foudroîment (foo-droa-mān), n.m., thunder-striking, crushing; overwhelming.

foudroyant, -e, adj., terrible, crushing, dreadful; fulminating, thundering; withering.

foudroyer, v.a., to thunder-strike; to batter with cannon and mortars; to riddle with shot; to fulminate, to blast; to crush, to overwhelm, to ruin, to confound.

fouée, n.f., bat-fowling; oven-fire; fagot.

fouenne, n.f. V. faîne.

fouet, n.m., whip, horsewhip, lash; whipcord; whipping; whisk; cat, cat-o’-nine-tails. — à blancs d’œufs; egg-whisk. Faire claquer un —; to crack a whip. Faire claquer son —; to sound one’s own trumpet. Donner le — à quelqu’un; to whip any one. Donner des coups de — à; to whip. Se faire donner le —; to get whipped. Poulie à —; (nav.) tail-block. Coup de —; sudden contraction of muscles of leg.

fouetté, -e, part., whipped; streaked (of flowers and fruit). De la crème —e; whipped cream. Tulipe —e; streaked tulip.

fouette-queue, n.m., star-lizard.

fouetter, v.a., to whip, to horsewhip, to lash, to scourge, to flog; to whisk; to flick; to toss off, to quaff; (nav.) to lash; (nav.) to flap back against the masts (of sails). Il n’y a pas là de quoi — un chat; it is a mere trifle. Il a bien d’autres chiens à —; he has other fish to fry. Fouette! cocher; whip up or faster, coachman.

fouetter, v.a. and n., to cut (of the wind); to beat or patter against (of hail, rain, snow); to sweep (of cannon).

fouetteur, n.m., flogger, whipper.

fougade or fougasse, n.f., (milit.) fougade.

fouger, v.n., (hunt.) to grub (of wild boars).

fougeraie (fou-jrê), n.f., fern-plot or brake.

fougère, n.f., (bot.) fern; brake; (fig.) drinking glass. — aquatique, fleurie, royale; flowering fern, king’s fern. — impériale, femelle; brake. — musquée; sweet fern.

fougon, n.m., (nav.) cook’s galley, caboose.

fougue (foug), n.f., fury, passion, transport, beat, ardor, fire, spirit, spiritedness, mettle; (nav.) mizzen-top. Dans la — de la colère; in the heat of passion. La — de la jeunesse; the impetuosity of youth. Un cheval qui a trop de —; a horse that has too much mettle.

fougueu-x, -se (-gheû, -z), adj., fiery, hot, hasty, impetuous, ardent, spirited, animated, passionate, mettlesome, high-mettled. Cheval —; spirited horse.

*fouille, n.f., excavating; excavation; digging. Faire des —s; to excavate, to make excavations.

fouille-au-pot, n.m., (—) (l.ex.) scullion, turnspit.

*fouiller, v.a., to excavate, to dig; to search, to pry into, to rummage; to ransack, to probe to the bottom; to think out; (paint., sculpt.) to sink. — une mine; to work a mine. — quelqu’un; to search any one.

*se fouiller, v.r., to search one’s pockets, to feel in one’s pockets; to search one another.

*fouiller, v.n., to dig, to search, to rummage, to ransack. — dans sa mémoire; to ransack one’s brain.

*fouillis, n.m., confusion, medley; jumble, litter, mess; confused mass (of foliage).

fouine, n.f., (mam.) martin, beech-martin; martlet; (agri.) pitchfork, fork; (fishing) gig, fishgig, fizgig, gaff.

fouiner, v.n., to sneak away, to steal away, to slink off, to steal off.

fouir, v.a., to dig, to delve.

fouissement (foo-is-mān), n.m., digging.

foulage, n.m., (manu.) fulling.

foulant, -e, adj., pressing down. Pompe —e; forcing-pump.

foulard, n.m., silk handkerchief; scarf.

foule, n.f., crowd, throng, multitude, concourse, mob, press, shoal, fry, herd, common herd; (manu.) fulling. Venir en —; to flock, to throng together. Entrer en —; to crowd in. La — des draps; (manu.) the fulling of cloth. Sortir de la —; se tirer de la —; to rise above the common herd. En —; in crowds. Faire —; to crowd round.

foulé, -e, part., trodden down, trampled upon, oppressed; (manu.) milled.

foulée, n.f., pile (of skins); tread (of steps). pl., (hunt.) foiling, fusee, slot; (man.) appui.

fouler, v.a., to tread, to trample on, to trample down, to grind down, to oppress; to gall (animal); to sprain; (agri.) to jam; (manu.) to full; (manu.) to mill; (hunt.) to beat (a wood). — la vendange; to press the grapes. — aux pieds; to trample under foot. — du drap; to full cloth. — un chapeau; to work a hat. — un cheval; to override a horse.

se fouler, v.r., to sprain one’s self. — le pied; to sprain one’s foot. Ne pas se —; (fig.) to take things easy.

fouler, v.n., (print.) to press.

foulerie (foo-lrî), n.f., fullery.

fouleur, n.m., wine-presser; fuller.

fouloir, n.m., (manu.) beater; (artil.) rammer; sponge-rod; tobacco-plug; plugger.

fouloire, n.f., (manu.) fulling-board.

foulon, n.m., fuller. Chardon à —; (bot.) teasel, fuller’s thistle. Moulin à —; fulling-mill. Terre à —; fuller’s earth.

foulonnier, n.m., fuller.

foulque, n.f., (orni.) coot.

foulure, n.f., sprain, strain; (manu.) fulling; (manu.) milling. pl., (hunt.) foiling, fusee, slot (of a stag); (vet.) warbles.

four, n.m., oven; bake-house; kidnaping-house, crimping-house; dark room; furnace; kiln; (metal.) hearth; (fig. and fam.) bungle, mull, mess, failure. Mettre le pain au —; to put the batch into the oven. — de campagne; portable oven. — à briques; brick-kiln. — à chaux; lime-kiln. Gueule de —; kiln-hole. Des petits —s; (cook.) small cakes. Pièces de —; (cook.) pastry. Charger le —; to heat the oven. Aller au —; to go to the bake-house. Ce n’est pas pour vous que le — chauffe; that is not meant for you. Vous viendrez cuire à mon —; you will have need of me some day. Faire —; to be unsuccessful, to fail, to be a frost (fam., thea.) Faire un —; to commit a blunder.

fourbe, n.f., cheating, imposture, low villainy, knavery.

fourbe, n.m.f., cheat; knave, impostor.

fourbe, adj., deceitful, knavish, crafty.

fourber, v.a., to cheat, to take in, to gull, to impose upon, to trick.

fourberie, n.f., cheating, knavery, imposture, deceit.

fourbir, v.a., to furbish, polish.

fourbisseur, n.m., furbisher; sword-cutler.

fourbissime, adj., most knavish.

fourbissure, n.f., furbishing; rubbing up.

fourbu, -e, adj., (vet.) foundered; diseased in the feet. Rendre —; to founder.

fourbure, n.f., foundering; founder in the feet.

fourche, n.f., fork, pitchfork. —s patibulaires; forked gibbet. —s Caudines; Caudine forks. Faire la —; to fork, to branch off. Faire une chose à la —; to do a thing anyhow.

fourché, -e, part., forked, split; cloven; (her.) fourchee. Croix —e; (her.) cross fourchee.

fourcher, v.n., to fork; to branch off; to trip (of the tongue). Chemin qui fourche; road that branches off. La langue lui a fourché; his tongue tripped.

se fourcher, v.r., to fork, to branch off.

fourcher, v.a., (agri.) to fork.

fourchet, n.m., (vet.) foot-rot.

fourchetée, n.f., forkful.

fourchette, n.f., fork; rest (of a musket); forset (of gloves); sleeve-bit (of a shirt); prop (of carts); wish-bone (of birds); merry-thought. Les dents d’une —; the prongs of a fork. Déjeuner à la —; meat-breakfast. — du pied d’un cheval; the frog of a horse’s foot. — à découper or grande —; carving-fork. La — de l’estomac; the breast-bone. La — d’Adam; the fingers. C’est une bonne —; she is a hearty eater.

fourchon, n.m., prong; fork (of a tree).

fourchu, -e, adj., forked; cloven; furcate. Barbe —e; forked beard. Pied —; cloven foot. Chemin —; road branching off. Menton —; indented chin. N’avoir pas la langue —e; to be plain-spoken.

fourchure, n.f., furcation-fork.

fourgon, n.m., van, carriage; (milit.) baggage-wagon; poker (of ovens); (railways) van. La pelle se moque du —; the pot calls the kettle black.

fourgonner, v.n., to poke the fire (of an oven); to stir, to poke the fire; to poke, to fumble, to rummage.

fourmi, n.f., ant, pismire, emmet. Avoir des —s dans l’oreille; to have a tingling in one’s ear.

fourmilier, n.m., ant-eater.

fourmilière, n.f., ant-hill, ant-nest; (fig.) swarm; crowd.

*fourmillement, n.m., tingling; (fig.) swarming, teeming.

*fourmiller, v.n., to swarm, to abound with, to be full of; to feel a tingling, to tingle.

fournage, n.m., charge for baking.

fournaise, n.f., furnace.

fournaliste, n.m., stove-maker.

fourneau, n.m., stove, cooking-range, kitchener, furnace; (milit.) chamber (mine). pl., (nav.) cook’s galley. — de cuisine; kitchen stove. — portatif; portable stove. Le — d’une pipe; the bowl of a pipe. Haut —; blast furnace.

fournée, n.f., a batch, baking; kilnful (of bricks); ovenful.

fourni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., oven-keeper; parish-baker.

fournil (-ni), n.m., bakehouse.

fourniment, n.m., ☉powder-flask, powder-horn; (milit.) belt, shoulder-belt, buffs.

fournir, v.a., to furnish, to provide, to supply, to stock, to store, to procure, to afford; to make up, to complete (a sum of money); to draw a bill; (com.) to meet, to value (on); (fig.) to go over the whole course (of a horse). — l’armée de vivres; to supply the army with provisions. — des défenses; to furnish means of defense.

se fournir, v.r., to furnish, to supply one’s self; to find one’s self (in); to deal (with).

fournir, v.n., to contribute, to supply, to be sufficient, to suffice. — à la dépense; to bear the expense.

fournissement (-nis-mān), n.m., (com.) share of capital; capital.

fournisseur, n.m., contractor, tradesman, purveyor; (theat.) property-man. — breveté de; by appointment to.

fourniture, n.f., furnishing, providing, supplying; supply, provision. Il fait les —s de la maison; he supplies the family. — de salade; dressing of a salad. Faire — de; to supply. —s de bureau; stationery, sundries.

fourrage, n.m., fodder, provender; forage; (artil.) wad, wadding; foraging-party. — vert; green fodder, grass. — sec; dry fodder, hay. Envoyer au —; to send out foraging.

fourrager, v.n., to forage; to pilfer, to plunder. — dans un champ; to forage in a field. — au vert; to forage for grass. — au sec; to forage for hay.

fourrager, v.a., to forage, to ravage; to rummage; to rake.

fourragère, adj.f., fit for fodder. Plantes —s; plants fit for fodder.

fourrageur, n.m., forager; rummager.

fourré, n.m., thicket; brake, jungle.

fourré, -e, part., furred, interchanged; counter, secret; underhand (of blows); woody (of countries); mixed (of hay, straw); furred (of clothing); plated (of metals); stuffed (cook.). Bois —; wood full of thickets and briers. Pays —; country full of woods, hedges, etc. Coup —; underhand trick, thrust. Paix —e; peace suddenly patched up. Médaille —e; plated medal. Langue —e; savory tongue. Toile —e; diaper.

fourreau, n.m., case, scabbard, sheath, cover; child’s frock; front fork (of bicycle). L’épée, or la lame, use le —; the sword wears out the scabbard; the mind is too active for the body. Coucher dans son —; to sleep in one’s clothes.

fourrer, v.a., to put, to thrust; to cram, to stuff; to beat, to knock; to line with fur; (nav.) to serve (cables and ropes). Fourrez cela dans l’armoire; put that away into the cupboard. Il fourre du latin dans ses discours; he stuffs his speeches cram full of Latin. — quelque chose dans la tête de quelqu’un; to beat a thing into any one’s brains or head. Il fourre son nez partout; he pokes his nose everywhere.

se fourrer, v.r., to get, to creep, in; to intrude or thrust one’s self, to poke one’s self in; to wear warm clothing or furs; (nav.) to serve (of cables). Il se fourre partout; he pokes his nose in everywhere. Ne savoir où se —; not to know where to hide one’s self.

fourreur, n.m., furrier.

fourrier, n.m., (obs.) harbinger; (milit.) quartermaster; (nav.) clerk. Faire le bon —; to help one’s self to the best pieces.

fourrière, n.f., pound, greenyard. Mettre un cheval en —; to impound a horse.

fourrure, n.f., fur, furred gown; (her.) vair; (nav.) service. — de gouttière; water-way.

fourvoiement (-voa-mān), n.m., (l.u.) going astray, wandering, blunder, mistake; (fig.) error, going the wrong way.

fourvoyer, v.a., to mislead, to lead astray, to lead into error; to baffle, to foil.

se fourvoyer, v.r., to go astray, to stray, to lose one’s way; to err grossly, to go on the wrong scent.

foustanelle, n.f., fustanelle.

fouteau, n.m., (pop.) beech, beech-tree.

foutelaie, n.f., beech grove or plantation.

foyer, n.m., fire-grate, hearth, fire-box (of an engine), hearthstone; (thea.) lobby, green-room; focus; (of a pipe) bowl; (fig.) seat, hot-bed, source; home. — des acteurs; (thea.) green-room. — du public; (thea.) lobby, crush-room. Combattre pour ses —s; to fight for one’s home. Aimer à garder son —; to like quiet, to like to lead a secluded life.

frac, n.m., dress coat, dress jacket.

fracas, n.m., crash, noise; din, bustle, fuss. Avec —; with a crash. Faire du — dans le monde; to make a noise or show in the world.

fracasser, v.a., to break to pieces, to shatter, to shiver.

se fracasser, v.r., to break to pieces, to be shattered.

fraction, n.f., breaking; fraction; portion; (arith.) fraction.

fractionnaire, adj., fractional.

fractionnement, n.m., dividing into fractions.

fractionner, v.a., to divide into fractions.

fracture, n.f., breaking (with violence); rupture; (surg.) fracture.

fracturé, -e, adj., (surg.) fractured.

fracturer, v.a., (surg.) to fracture.

se fracturer, v.r., (surg.) to fracture one’s self; to be fractured.

fragiforme, adj., strawberry-shaped.

fragile, adj., fragile; brittle; frail. — comme du verre; as brittle as glass. —! glass, with care.

fragilité, n.f., fragility; brittleness; frailty.

fragment, n.m., fragment, piece, scrap, particle.

fragmentaire, adj., fragmentary, fragmental.

fragon, n.m., (bot.) butcher’s broom.

frai, n.m., spawn, spawning (of fish); fry (young fish); roe, hard roe.

fraîchement (frèsh-man), adv., coolly, freshly; coldly; newly, recently, just.

fraîcheur, n.f., coolness, freshness, bloom; coldness, dampness; floridness, ruddiness; luster, brilliancy; (nav.) flaw of wind.

fraîchir, v.n., to freshen, to begin to blow fresh, to get cool. Le vent fraîchit; it is beginning to blow.

fraie, n.f., spawning time.

frairie, n.f., (fam.) merry-making. Faire —, être en —; to make merry, to be merry-making.

fra-is, -îche, adj., cool, fresh, coldish; recent, new; youthful; florid, ruddy; newlaid (of eggs). Temps —; cool weather. Eau —îche; cold water. Des nouvelles —îches; fresh news. Des œufs —; new-laid eggs. Du pain —; new bread. Plaie toute —îche; raw wound. Du saumon —; fresh salmon. Un teint —; a florid complexion.

frais, n.m., cool, coolness, freshness; cool spots; (nav.) gale. Mettre du vin au —; to cool wine. Il fait —; it is cool. Prendre le —; to take the air, to go out for an airing. Bon —, joli —; (nav.) fresh gale. Grand —; strong gale. Au —; in the cool of the evening.

frais, n.m.pl., expense, expenses; charge, charges, cost, outlay. Faux —; incidental expenses; (jur.) untaxable costs. Menus —; petty expenses. Les — d’un procès; the costs of a lawsuit. Tous — faits; clear of all charges; all paid. À grands —; very expensively. À peu de —; at little cost, cheaply. Constituer quelqu’un en —; to put any one to expense. Se mettre en —; to put one’s self to expense. Recommencer sur nouveaux —; to begin anew, to begin over again. À — communs; jointly, at joint expense. En être pour ses —; to have lost one’s time and money. Faire les — de; to bear the expense of. Faire ses —; to cover one’s expenses. Faire des —; to go to or to incur expense; to take trouble, to make efforts to please.

fraise, n.f., (bot.) strawberry; ruff; (fort.) fraise; (hunt.) start; crow. — des bois; wood or wild strawberry. — de veau; calf’s crow.

fraisement (frèz-mān), n.m., (arch.) starlings (of bridges); (fort.) fraising.

fraiser, v.a., to plait, to ruffle; (fort.) to fraise; to knead dough thoroughly.

fraisette, n.f., small ruff.

fraisier, n.m., strawberry-plant.

fraisil (-zi), n.m., coal-dross, breeze.

framboise, n.f., (bot.) raspberry.

framboisé, -e, part., flavored with raspberries; having a flavor of raspberries.

framboiser, v.a., to give a raspberry flavor to.

framboisier, n.m., raspberry-bush, raspberry-plant.

framée, n.f., Frankish lance, javelin.

franc (fran), n.m., franc (French coin worth $0.193); (hort.) seedling. Au marc le —; at the rate of so much in the dollar.

franc, -he (fran, frānsh), adj., free, unconstrained, exempt from; frank, downright, open, sincere; entire, full; complete; true, real; mere; arrant; staunch, right; very; whole, clear; (paint.) bold. — de port; post-paid. Compagnie —he; free-company. Cœur —; open heart. Être — du collier; to draw freely (of horses); (fig.) to be eager, obliging, honest. Un — charlatan; a downright quack. Une —he coquette; an arrant jilt. Avoir son — parler avec; to speak one’s mind, to speak out; not to mince matters. — Taupins. V. taupins.

franc, adv., frankly, freely, plainly, openly, sincerely; clean, quite, completely, entirely.

fran-c, -que, n. and adj., Frank; Frankish.

français, -e, adj., French. La langue —e; the French tongue. À la —e; in the French fashion.

français, n.m., -e, n.f., Frenchman, Frenchwoman.

français, n.m., French. Entendre le —; to understand French. Parler —; to speak French; to call a spade a spade. En bon —; in plain terms; like a true Frenchman. Parler — comme une vache espagnole; to murder the French language. Les Français = le Théâtre Français.

franc-alleu, n.m., (—s-—s). V. alleu.

francatu, n.m., a kind of apple.

de franc-étable, adv., (nav.) collision, foul.

franc-fief, n.m., (—s-—s) a fief possessed by a commoner.

franc-funin, n.m., (—s-—s) (nav.) white hawser.

franchement (frānsh-mān), adv., frankly, freely, openly, plainly, sincerely, unreservedly, ingenuously, boldly; really, frankly speaking. J’avoue — que; I readily admit that.

franchir, v.a., to leap, to get over; to clear; to pass, to pass over, to overstep, to go beyond, to break through; to cross, to traverse; to surmount; (nav.) to head (the sea). Il a franchi le fossé; he has jumped over the ditch. — une barrière; to clear a bar. — les montagnes; to cross the mountains. — les bornes du devoir; to overstep the bounds of duty. — le pas; to take a resolution. — le mot; to let out the word. — une difficulté; to overcome a difficulty.

franchise, n.f., franchise, exemption, immunity, freedom (of a city); frankness, sincerity, openness, candor, plainness; (paint.) boldness, freedom. Parler avec —; to speak frankly. — du coloris; (paint.) freedom of coloring. En — de droit; duty-free.

franchissable, adj., passable, capable of being crossed.

franchissement, n.m., leap over, leaping.

francisation, n.f., gallicizing; (com.) registering as a French ship.

franciscain, n.m., Franciscan, gray friar.

franciser, v.a., to frenchify, to gallicize.

se franciser, v.r., to become French.

francisque, n.f., battle ax.

franc-maçon, n.m., (—s-—s) freemason.

franc-maçonnerie, n.f., (n.p.) freemasonry.

franco, adv., free of expanse, pre-paid. Ecrire —; address, post-paid.

francolin, n.m., (orni.) francolin.

franc-parler, n.m., (n.p.) liberty or freedom of speech.

franc-quartier, n.m., (—s-—s) (her.) quarter, franc-quarter.

franc-réal, n.m., (—s-—s) sort of pear.

☉franc-tenancier, n.m., (—s-—s) free-holder.

franc-tillac, n.m., (nav.) flush-deck.

franc-tireur, n.m., (—s-—s) (milit.) sharp-shooter, skirmisher; volunteer.

frange, n.f., fringe, valance.

frangé, -e, adj., (bot.) fimbriate.

franger, v.a., to fringe, to valance.

franger or frangier, n.m., fringe-maker.

frangipane, n.f., almond-cake.

frangipanier, n.m., (bot) red jasmine.

franque, adj.f., Frankish.

franquette, n.f., (l.u.) frankness. À la bonne —; frankly, freely, sincerely.

frappant, -e, adj., striking, impressive.

frappe, n.f., (coin.) stamp; set of matrices.

frappé, -e, part., struck; iced (of liquids); strong and close (of cloth); powerful, forcible. — d’étonnement; struck with wonder. Vers bien —s; spirited verses.

frappé, n.m., (mus.) fall (of the foot).

frappe-main, n.m., (n.p.) hot-cockle.

frappement (frap-mān), n.m., striking, clapping (of hands).

frapper, v.a., to strike, to smite, to slap, to tap, to hit; to make an impression; to affect, to move; to astonish, to surprise; to frighten; to stamp, to coin; to ice (liquids); (nav.) to seize. — vivement; to rap. — avec le pied; to stamp. — légèrement; to pat. — la terre du pied; to stamp one’s foot upon the ground. — monnaie; to coin money. — un coup; to strike a blow.

se frapper, v.r., to strike one’s self; to strike one another; to be impressed or affected; to be filled with gloom or dismay.

frapper, v.n., to knock, to strike, to rap. — à la porte; to knock at the door. — juste; to strike home. Entendre —; to hear a knock.

frappeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., beater; striker. adj., striking, rapping. Esprit —; spirit-rapper.

frasque, n.f., freak, prank, trick.

frater (-tèr), n.m., surgeon’s boy; saw-bones; village barber; (milit., nav.) barber.

fraternel, -le, adj., fraternal, brotherly.

fraternellement (-nèl-mān), adv., fraternally.

fraterniser, v.n., to fraternize.

fraternité, n.f., fraternity, brotherhood.

fratricide (murder), n.m., (pers.) m.f., fratricide. adj., fratricidal.

fraude (frôd), n.f., fraud, deceit, imposition, fraudulency. En —; fraudulently. Faire une —; to commit a fraud. Passer en —; to smuggle.

frauder, v.a., to defraud, to smuggle.

fraudeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., defrauder, smuggler.

frauduleusement (-leûz-mān), adv., fraudulently.

frauduleu-x, -se, adj., fraudulent.

fraxinelle, n.f., fraxinella, white dittany, bastard dittany.

frayer, v.a., to trace out, to open out, to mark out; to rub against, to graze, to brush; to make, to prepare, to show. Qui n’est pas frayé; unbeaten, untrodden. Chemin frayé; beaten path or track. Le coup n’a fait que — sa botte; the blow only grazed his boot.

se frayer, v.r., to open for one’s self; to prepare (a way); to carve out.

frayer, v.n., to wear away; to keep company, to frequent, to be on good terms; (of fishes) to milt, to spawn. Ces deux hommes ne frayent pas ensemble; these two men do not agree together.

frayère, n.f., spawning-place.

frayeur, n.f., fright, terror, dread, fear. Être saisi de —; to be seized with terror.

frayoir, n.m., (hunt.) fray, rub.

frayure, n.f., (hunt.) rubbing, fraying.

fredaine, n.f., frolic, prank, freak. Faire des —s; to play pranks; to sow one’s wild oats.

fredon, n.m., (mus.) trill, shake; (at cards) pair-royal.

fredonnement (-do-n-mān), n.m., humming.

fredonner, v.a. and n., to hum.

fredonneur, -se, n.m.f., hummer.

frégate, n.f., frigate; (orni.) frigate bird.

frégaté, adj., frigate-built.

frégaton, n.m., frigatoon.

frein, n.m., bit, bridle; curb, check; brake; drag, skid, brake (of carriages); (fig.) restraint; (anat.) frænum, ligament. Ronger son —; to champ the bit; to fret one’s self. Mettre un — à sa langue; to bridle one’s tongue. Il faut mettre un — à sa cruauté; his cruelty must be curbed. Serrer le —; (rail.) to apply, to put on, the brake.

frelampier, n.m., scamp, rascally fellow.

frelatage, n.m., adulteration, sophistication.

frelater, v.a., to adulterate, to sophisticate. Ce vin est frelaté; this wine is adulterated. Ouvrages frelatés; spurious works.

frelaterie (-la-tri), n.f., sophistication, adulteration. V. frelatage.

frelateur, n.m., sophisticator, adulterator.

frêle, adj., frail, fragile; faint, weak.

frêler, v.n., to crackle (of hair, feathers).

freloche, n.f., gauze-net, butterfly-net.

frelon, n.m., (ent.) hornet, drone; (bot.) knee-holly.

freluche, n.f., tuft (of silk); hair-thread.

freluquet, n.m., puppy, coxcomb, prig.

frémir, v.n., to shudder, to tremble, to quiver, to shake; to vibrate, to murmur, to rustle, to moan; to simmer. — de colère; to tremble with anger. J’entendais — le feuillage; I heard the leaves rustling.

frémissant, -e, adj., quivering, trembling.

frémissement (-mis-mān), n.m., shudder, shuddering, quivering, trembling; roaring; vibration; murmuring (of water); simmering. — cataire; (med.) thrill, purring tremor of the heart.

frênaie, n.f., ash-grove.

frêne, n.m., ash, ash-tree.

frénésie, n.f., frenzy, madness, fury.

frénétique, adj., distracted, frantic, raving.

frénétique, n.m.f., raving, distracted person.

fréquemment (-ka-mān), adv., frequently, often.

fréquence, n.f., frequency; quickness (of the pulse).

fréquent, -e, adj., frequent. Pouls —; quick pulse.

fréquentati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) frequentative.

fréquentatif, n.m., (gram.) frequentative.

fréquentation, n.f., frequenting, frequentation; company.

fréquenter, v.a., to frequent, to keep company with, to resort to; to haunt.

fréquenter, v.n., to frequent, to visit often, to associate (with); to converse (with).

frère, n.m., brother; fellow-Christian; friar, monk. — aîné; elder brother. — cadet; younger brother. —s jumeaux; twins. Demi-—; half-brother. — consanguin; brother by the father’s side. — utérin; brother by the mother’s side. — de lait; foster-brother. Beau-—, (—x-—s) brother-in-law. — lai, — convers; lay-brother. — chapeau; assistant brother. Faux —; false brother, false friend. — d’armes; brother in arms. Il est bon —; he is a jolly fellow.

frérot, n.m., (fam.) little brother.

fresaie, n.f., (orni.) white-owl, screech-owl. V. effraie.

fresque, n.f., fresco. Peindre à —; to paint in fresco.

fressure, n.f., (cook.) pluck; fry; haslet.

fret (frè), n.m., freight. Prendre du —; to take in freight.

fréter, v.a., to charter; to freight.

fréteur, n.m., freighter; charterer.

*frétillant, -e, adj., frisky, wriggling; fidgety.

*frétillement, n.m., frisking, wriggling; (fig.) itching, longing.

*frétiller, v.n., to frisk, to wriggle; (fig.) to itch, to long, to be impatient. Les pieds lui frétillent; he is impatient to be off. La langue lui frétille; he is longing to speak.

fretin, n.m., small fry, young fish; trash, rubbish.

frettage, n.m., hooping, binding.

frette, n.f., (tech.) iron hoop, band, ring.

fretté, -e, adj., hooped, iron-bound; (her.) fretty.

fretter, v.a., to hoop, to bind.

freux, n.m., rook.

friabilité, n.f., friability.

friable, adj., friable, crisp, short.

friand, -e, adj., dainty, nice, fond of; partial to. Avoir le goût —; to have a nice taste. Un morceau —; a delicate morsel. Être — de; to be fond of, partial to.

friand, n.m., -e, n.f., epicure, dainty person.

friandise, n.f., daintiness, dainty, nicety, tit-bit. Aimer les —s; to be fond of dainties.

fricandeau, n.m., (cook.) fricandeau; veal-stew.

fricassée, n.f., (cook.) fricassee.

fricasser, v.a., to fricassee; (pop.) to squander away, to waste, to dissipate.

fricasseur, n.m., bad cook; (fig.) spendthrift, rake.

friche, n.m., waste or fallow land. Laisser une terre en —; to let a piece of ground lie fallow.

fricot, n.m., (pop.) ragout, stew.

fricoter, v.n., (pop.) to feast. v.a., (fig., pop.) to squander.

fricoteur, n.m., (pop.) feaster; fast liver; (milit.) marauder.

friction, n.f., friction, rubbing. Gants à —s; flesh-gloves.

frictionner, v.a., (med.) to rub.

se frictionner, v.r., (med.) to rub one’s self.

frictionneu-r, -se, n.m.f., professional rubber.

frigidité, n.f., frigidity.

frigorifique, adj., frigorific.

frileu-x, -se, adj., chilly; (pop.) funky, cowardly.

frileux, n.m., chilly person; (pop.) coward, funk.

frileuse, n.f., lady’s warm cap.

frimaire, n.m., Frimaire, the third month of the calendar of the first French republic, from November 21st to December 20th.

frimas, n.m., rime, hoar-frost. Saison des —; the wintry season.

frime, n.f., (triv.) show, pretense, joke, fun of the thing. Il n’en a fait que la —; he only made a show of it, it was all pretense.

fringale, n.f., (fam.) sudden pang of hunger. Avoir la —; to feel hungry all of a sudden.

fringant, -e, adj., brisk, nimble, frisky; smart, dapper. Cheval —; frisky horse.

fringuer (-ghé), v.n., to frisk; to skip.

friolerie (frio-lrî), n.f., dainty.

friolet, n.m., sort of pear.

fripe, n.f., rag; scrap; eatable.

friper, v.a., to rumple; to spoil, to wear out; (pop.) to gobble down, to eat greedily, to devour; (pop.) to waste, to dissipate, to squander.

se friper, v.r., to get rumpled.

friperie (fri-prî), n.f., frippery, old clothes; old clothes’ trade; rag-fair. Se jeter, tomber, sur la — de quelqu’un; to fall foul of any one.

fripe-sauce, n.m., (—) (l.ex.) greedy-guts, glutton; bad cook.

fripi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., dealer in old clothes, furniture-broker.

fripon, -ne, adj., knavish, roguish, rascally.

fripon, n.m., -ne, n.f., knave, rogue, cheat, swindler, rascal. Un tour de —; a knavish trick.

friponneau, n.m., little rogue, rascal, cheat.

friponner, v.a. and n., to cheat, to pilfer.

friponnerie (-po-n-rî), n.f., knavish trick, roguishness, knavery.

friquet, n.m., tree-sparrow; (utensil) slice.

frire, v.a. and n., to fry. Il n’y a rien à —; (pop.) there is nothing to eat, there is nothing to be gained. Il n’a plus de quoi —; he is quite ruined.

frisage, n.m., curling, rolling; lattice-work, trellis.

frise, n.f., (arch., paint., sculpt.) frieze; dreadnought. Cheval de —; (fort.) cheval-de-frise.

friser, v.a., to curl, to frizz (hair), to crisp; to graze, to glance upon, to touch lightly, to approach, to border upon. Elle frise la quarantaine; she is close upon forty.

se friser, v.r., to curl, to curl one’s hair; to fall into curl.

friser, v.n., to curl; (print.) to slur.

frisotter, v.a., (b.s.) to be curled, to frizzle.

se frisotter, v.r., (b.s.) to be curled, to frizzle one’s self.

frisquette, n.f., (print.) frisket.

frisson, n.m., shivering, cold fit; chill; shudder, thrill. Avoir le —; to have the shivers. Cela donne le —; that makes one shudder.

frissonnant, adj., shuddering, shivering.

frissonnement (-so-n-mān), n.m., shivering, shudder, flutter.

frissonner, v.n., to shiver, to shudder; to quake, to tremble.

frisure, n.f., curling, crisping; curls.

frit, -e, part., (pop.) ruined, undone. Il est —; he is done for. Tout est —; all is over.

fritillaire, n.f., (bot.) fritillary.

fritte, n.f., (glass-making) frit.

friture, n.f., frying; thing fried; fried fish; butter for frying.

frivole, adj., frivolous, trifling, shallow, futile.

frivolité, n.f., frivolity, frivolousness; (needlework) tatting.

froc, n.m., frock, garment (of monks). Prendre le —; to turn monk. Jeter le — aux orties; to throw off the cowl; to give up one’s profession.

frocaille, n.f., (b.s.) monks.

frocard, n.m., (b.s.) monk.

froid, n.m., cold, coldness, chilliness, frigidity; unconcern; lukewarmness, dullness; gravity, reserve. Transir de —; to benumb with cold. Il est tout raide de —; he is quite stiff with cold. Avoir —; to be cold. Mourir de —; to be perished with cold. Grelotter de —; to shiver with cold. Prendre —; to catch cold. Il y a du — entre eux; there is a coolness between them. Les grands —s; extreme cold; depth of winter. À —; coldly; in cold blood.

froid, -e, adj., cold, frigid, lifeless; lukewarm, cool, indifferent, dispassionate, dull; reserved, distant. Temps —; cold weather. — comme glace; as cold as ice. — aux yeux; want of pluck, funk. Un homme —; a cold sort of man. Un homme de sang-—; a cool-headed man. Battre — à quelqu’un; to give any one the cold shoulder. N’avoir pas — aux yeux; not to be afraid of one’s shadow, to be game, plucky.

froidement (froad-mān), adv., coldly, frigidly, lukewarmly, dispassionately, lifelessly.

froideur, n.f., coldness, chilliness; lukewarmness, indifference, coolness.

froidure, n.f., coldness (of the weather); cold; (fig.) winter.

froissement (froas-mān), n.m., bruising, rumpling, crumpling; (fig.) clashing; hurt, slight, affront; annoyance, vexation.

froisser, v.a., to bruise, to strike, to dash, to clash with; to rumple, to crumple; to gall, to offend, to hurt, to wound. Je ne voudrais pas le —; I should not like to hurt his feelings.

se froisser, v.r., to take offense.

froissure, n.f., bruise, rumple, crumple.

frôlement (frôl-mān), n.m., grazing, rustling, rustle; contact, touch.

frôler, v.a., to graze, to touch slightly in passing; to brush past; to rub (seeds) in one’s hands.

se frôler, v.r., to graze, to touch one another, to rub up against, to brush past.

fromage, n.m., cheese. — mou; soft cheese. — à la crème; cream-cheese. — de cochon; brawn.

fromag-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., cheesemonger.

fromager, n.m., cheese-mold; (bot.) silk-cotton-tree.

fromagerie (-ma-jrî), n.f., cheese-dairy, cheese-trade.

fromageu-x, -se, adj., cheesy.

froment, n.m., wheat. De —; wheaten.

fromentacé, -e, adj., (bot.) frumentaceous.

fromental, n.m., rye-grass; oat-grass.

fronce, n.f., (needlework) gather; (paper) crease.

froncement (frons-mān), n.m., contraction, knitting (of the brows); frowning; frown; pursing; gathering.

froncer, v.a., to contract (the brow); to knit, to wrinkle; to purse (the lips); to gather (needlework).

se froncer, v.r., to contract, to pucker, to wrinkle; to grow dark (of the brow).

froncis, n.m., gathering, fold.

frondaison, n.f., (bot.) foliation, foliage.

fronde, n.f., sling; (surg.) bandage; (wars of the) Fronde (French hist.).

frondée, n.f., sling-shot.

fronder, v.a., to sling, to fling; to blame, to censure; to reflect upon, to find fault with.

fronderie (fron-drî), n.f., (French hist.) riot of the Fronde; riot, disturbance.

frondeur, n.m., slinger; censurer, fault-finder, critic; rioter.

front, n.m., forehead, brow, face, front; boldness, impudence, brass. La jeunesse au — riant; youth with its smiling face. — d’airain; brazen-face. Le — d’un bâtiment; the front of a building. De —; in front, abreast. Faire — à; to face.

frontal, n.m., frontal; frontal bone; (surg.) head-bandage.

frontal, -e, adj., (anat.) frontal.

fronteau, n.m., frontlet; frontal; (nav.) breast-work.

frontière (-ti-èr), n.f., frontier, border, confine, limit.

frontispice, n.m., frontispiece.

fronton, n.m., (arch.) pediment, fronton; (nav.) poop-rail.

frottage, n.m., rubbing; polishing, waxing.

frottée, n.f., (pop.) a drubbing.

frottement (frot-mān), n.m., rubbing, friction.

frotter, v.a., to rub; to polish, to wax, to dry-rub; to bang, to pommel, to warm (the ear) of. Se faire —; to get a drubbing.

se frotter, v.r., to rub one’s self; to provoke (any one); to come in contact with; to meddle (with anything). Se — les yeux; to rub one’s eyes. Ne vous y frottez pas; do not meddle with it. Ne vous frottez pas à lui; do not provoke him. Qui s’y frotte s’y pique; meddle, and smart for it.

frotter, v.n., to rub.

frotteur, n.m., rubber, dry-rubber, scrubber, floor-polisher.

frottis, n.m., (paint.) light touch.

frottoir, n.m., rubbing-cloth, razor-cloth, rough-towel, scrubber.

frouer, v.n., to pipe, to call (birds).

frou-frou, n.m., (—-—s) rustling of silk, etc.

froufrouter, v.n., to rustle.

fructidor, n.m., Fructidor, the twelfth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from August 18th to September 16th.

fructifère, adj., (bot.) fructiferous, fruit.

fructification, n.f., fructification.

fructifier, v.n., to be fruitful, to fructify, to bear fruit, to thrive, to prosper.

fructueusement (-eûz-mān), adj., fruitfully, profitably.

fructueu-x, -se, adj., fruitful; fertile, profitable.

frugal, -e, adj., frugal, sparing.

frugalement (-gal-mān), adv., frugally.

frugalité, n.f., frugality; thrift.

frugivore, adj., frugivorous.

fruit, n.m., fruit; dessert; offspring; advantage, benefit, profit; utility; effect, result; (mas.) batter. — hâtif; early fruit. — indigène; native fruit. — tardif; late fruit. — à noyau; stone fruit. — à pépin; kernel fruit. Avec —; profitably. — sec; (school) blockhead, dunce. Tirer du — de; to derive benefit from.

fruité, -e, adj., (her.) fructed.

fruiterie (frui-trî), n.f., fruit-loft, fruit-trade.

fruiti-er, -ère, adj., fruit, fruit-bearing. Arbre —; fruit-tree. Jardin —; orchard, fruit garden.

fruiti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., fruiterer, green-grocer; fruit-woman.

fruition, n.f., fruition, enjoyment.

frusquin, n.m., (triv.) one’s all. Son saint —; one’s all; all one’s toggery.

fruste, adj., worn, defaced, corroded (of coins). n.m., defaced effigy.

frustratoire, adj., frustratory.

frustrer, v.a., to defraud, to frustrate, to disappoint, to baulk, to foil; to baffle. Il a frustré ses créanciers; he has defrauded his creditors.

fuchsia, n.m., fuchsia.

fuchsine, n.f., (chem.) fuchsine, an aniline red dye.

fucus (-kus), n.m., (bot.) fucus, wrack, sea-wrack.

fugace, adj., fugitive; flying; fleeting; transient.

fugiti-f, -ve, adj., fugitive, gliding, flitting; transient, fleeting, short-lived. Des plaisirs —s; transient pleasures.

fugiti-f, n.m., -ve, n.f., fugitive, runaway, wanderer.

fugue (fug), n.f., (mus.) fugue; wild prank, lark. Faire une —; to take to one’s heels; to have a lark.

fuie, n.f., small pigeon-house, coop.

fuir (fuyant, fui), v.n., to flee, to fly; to run away; to elude, to shun, to avoid, to eschew; to shift about; to leak; (paint.) to appear at a distance; to recede. Ce tonneau fuit; this cask leaks.

fuir, v.a., to fly, to avoid, to shrink from.

se fuir, v.r., to fly from one’s self; to shun, to avoid one another.

fuite, n.f., flight, running away, shunning; evasion, shift, subterfuge; running out, leakage. Prendre la —; to run away. Mettre en —; to put to flight.

fulgurant, adj., (meteorology) attended with lightning; flashing, vivid, sharp.

fulguration, n.f., (chem.) fulguration; lightning.

fulgurite, n.m., (phys.) fulgurite.

fuligineu-x, -se, adj., fuliginous.

fuliginosité, n.f., fuliginosity.

fulmicoton, n.m., (chem.) gun-cotton.

fulminant, -e, adj., fulminant, fulminating.

fulminate, n.m., (chem.) fulminate.

fulmination, n.f., fulmination.

fulminer, v.n., to storm, to thunder; (chem.) to fulminate, to explode.

fulminer, v.a., (ecc.) to fulminate, to issue forth.

fulminique, adj., (chem.) fulminic.

fumable, adj., smokable.

fumade, n.f., dunging.

fumage, n.m., lacquering (of silver wire).

fumant, -e, adj., smoking, reeking, fuming.

fumé, -e, adj., smoked, manured; (fig. and pop.) done for.

fumé, n.m., (engr.) smoke-proof.

fumée, n.f., smoke; fume, reek; vanity, phantom, bubble; dream, vain hope. pl., (hunt.) fumet, dung of deer; fumes. Des tourbillons de —; volumes of smoke. S’exhaler en —; to evaporate in smoke. Il n’y a point de — sans feu; there is no smoke without fire.

fumer, v.n., to smoke; to reek, to steam; to fret and fume.

fumer, v.a., to smoke, to smoke-dry; (agri.) to dung, to manure. — des jambons; to smoke hams. — un champ; to dung a field.

fumerolle, n.f., fumarole.

fumeron (fu-mron), n.m., half-burnt charcoal.

fumet, n.m., flavor (of meat), bouquet (of wines); raciness; (hunt.) scent. Ce vin a un bon —; that wine has a fine flavor or bouquet.

fumeterre (fum-tèr), n.f., (bot.) fumitory, fumiter.

fumeur, n.m., smoker.

fumeu-x, -se, adj., fumous, fumy.

fumier, n.m., manure, dung, muck; dung-hill; trash, rubbish. Mourir sur un —; to die in a ditch.

fumifuge, adj., smoke-expelling.

fumigation, n.f., fumigation.

fumigatoire, adj., (med.) fumigating.

fumiger, v.a., to fumigate.

fumiste, n.m., chimney-doctor or curer; chimney-builder.

fumivore, n.m. and adj., smoke-consumer; smoke-consuming.

fumoir, n.m., (tech.) smoking-shed, smoking-house; (in a private house) smoking-room or smoke-room.

fumure, n.f., (agri.) dressing; dunging, manuring.

funambule, adj., funambulatory.

funambule, n.m., funambulist, rope-dancer.

fune, n.f., (nav.) rope, line; (pisc.) drag-rope.

funèbre, adj., funeral, funereal, mournful, melancholy, dismal, ominous.

*funérailles, n.f.pl., funeral, obsequies.

funéraire, adj., funeral, funereal.

funeste, adj., fatal; melancholy; baneful, disastrous, distressing; deadly.

funestement, adv., fatally, disastrously.

funiculaire, n.m., cable railway.

fungus (fon-gus), n.m. V. fongus.

funicule, n.m., (bot.) funiculus, funicle.

funin, n.m., (nav.) white hawser.

fur, n.m. À — et à mesure, au — et à mesure; in proportion, gradually as, as fast as. On le paye au — et à mesure de l’ouvrage; he is paid in proportion to the quantity of work done.

furet, n.m., ferret. Chasser au —; to hunt with a ferret. C’est un —; he is a ferreter or a Paul Pry.

fureter (fur-té), v.n., to ferret, to ferret out, to search out, to rummage.

fureter, v.a., to ferret out, to hunt after news, to be on the lookout for.

fureteur (fur-teur), n.m., ferreter, Paul Pry; pryer. — de nouvelles; news-hunter.

fureur, n.f., fury, madness, rage, wildness; mania, frenzy, passion. Quand il entre en —; when he gets into a fury. Lorsque la — le prend; when he is seized with a fit of passion. Cette actrice fait —; that actress is quite the rage. Être transporté de —; to be transported with rage. Il a la — du jeu; he has a passion for gambling. Avec —; furiously.

furfuracé, -e, adj., furfuraceous; scurvy.

furibond, -e, n. and adj., furious, raging, wild; furious-looking.

furibonder, v.n., to be in a rage, to fume.

furie, n.f., fury, rage, heat, height; (myth.) Fury. Entrer en —, se mettre en —; to get into a rage. Dans la — du combat; in the heat of the battle. C’est une —; she is a very fury, or a termagant.

furieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., furiously; prodigiously, with a vengeance.

furieu-x, -se, adj., furious, mad, enraged, raging, fierce, savage, impetuous; monstrous, confounded, tremendous.

furin, n.m., deep water, open sea, high seas.

furolles, n.f.pl., fiery exhalations.

furoncle, n.m., (med.) furuncle, boil; gathering; (vet.) ambury.

furti-f, -ve, adj., furtive, stealthy, secret. Entrer d’un pas —; to steal in.

furtivement (-tiv-mān), adv., furtively, stealthily, by stealth, secretly.

fusain, n.m., (bot.) prickwood, spindle-tree; (for drawing) charcoal.

fusarolle, n.f., (arch.) fusarole.

fuseau, n.m., spindle, bobbin; distaff. Jambes de —; spindle legs.

fusée, n.f., spindleful, bobbinful; (vet.) splint, splinter; (surg.) fistula; (artil., her., horl.) fusee; rocket; (of oars) dolphin; barrel (of a kitchen-jack). — d’amorce; (artil.) tube. — courante; line-rocket or sky-rocket. — porte amarre; (nav.) life-saving apparatus. Avoir une — à démêler avec quelqu’un; to have a bone to pick with anyone. Une — volante; a sky-rocket.

fuséen, n.m., (artil.) rocket-gunner.

fuselé, -e, adj., slender, tapering, spindle-shaped.

fuser, v.n., to expand, to spread (insensibly); to liquefy, to dissolve, to meet; (fig.) to unite.

fusibilité, n.f., fusibility.

fusible, adj., fusible.

fusiforme, adj., (bot.) spindle-shaped, fusiform.

fusil (-zi), n.m., steel (to strike a light; to sharpen knives); tinder-box; musket, gun. Pierre à —; flint. Il fut tué d’un coup de —; he was killed by a musket shot. Un coup de —; a gun-shot, musket shot, report of a gun. — à deux coups; double-barreled gun. — de chasse; fowling-piece. — de munition; musket. — à piston; percussion-gun. — à vent; air-gun. — à aiguille; needle-gun. Canon de —; gun-barrel. Portée de —; musket range. À portée de —; within musket range.

fusilier, n.m., fusileer.

*fusillade, n.f., discharge or volley of musketry, firing, shooting.

*fusiller, v.a., to shoot (down); to execute (mil.).

*se fusiller, v.r., to fire at each other.

fusion, n.f., fusion, melting; coalition; blending.

fusionnement, n.m., amalgamation, fusion; coalescence, union.

fusionner, v.a. and n., to unite, to amalgamate; to blend. Se —, v.r., to coalesce.

fustet, n.m., smoke-tree, Venetian sumach, fustic.

fustigation, n.f., fustigation, whipping, flogging.

fustiger, v.a., to flog, to scourge, to whip.

fût, n.m., stock (of a gun or pistol); shaft (of a column); cask; barrel (of a drum); case (of an organ).

futaie, n.f., forest of high, lofty trees; forest trees. Demi-—; forest of half-grown trees. Haute —; forest of full-grown trees. Arbre de haute —; full-grown forest trees. Bois de haute —; wood of full-grown forest trees, timber-trees, timber.

*futaille, n.f., small cask, barrel. — en botte; barrel-staves.

futaine, n.f., fustian.

futé, -e, adj., sharp, cunning, sly.

futée, n.f., joiner’s putty.

futile, adj., futile, frivolous, trifling.

futilité, n.f., futility, trifle; frivolity.

futur, -e, adj., future.

futur, n.m., -e, n.f., intended (husband, wife). Sa —e; his intended wife.

futur, n.m., futurity; (gram.) future.

futurition, n.f., futurition.

fuyant, -e, adj., flying, fleeting; fleeing, retreating; receding (of the forehead); fading (of colors); (paint.) tapering. Echelle —e; tapering scale.

fuyard, n.m., -e, n.f., adj., fugitive, runaway.

G

g, n.m., the seventh letter of the alphabet, g.

gaban, n.m. V. caban.

gabarage, n.m., lighterage.

gabare, n.f., lighter, flat-bottomed barge, store-ship, transport-ship.

gabari or gabarit, n.m., mold, model, build (of a ship); (rail.) carriage-gage.

gabarier, n.m., lighterman; master of a store-ship.

☉gabatine, n.f., flam, humbug, hoax. Donner de la — à quelqu’un; to bamboozle any one.

gabegie, n.f., (pop.) fraud, deceit.

gabelage (ga-blaj), n.m., drysalting time; excise mark.

gabeler (ga-blé), v.a., to dry (salt).

gabeleur (ga-bleur), n.m., salt-dryer.

gabelle, n.f., gabel, salt-tax, duty on salt. Frauder la —; to defraud the excise.

gabet, n.m., vane.

gabier, n.m., (nav.) top-man.

gabion, n.m., (fort.) gabion.

gabionnade, n.f., (milit.) gabionade.

gabionner, v.a., (fort.) to cover with gabions.

gâche, n.m., staple, wall-hook.

gâcher, v.a., to mix mortar; to rinse; (fig.) to bungle, to make a mess of, to botch; to sell under price.

gâchette, n.f., staple, spring (of a lock); follower (of a firelock).

gâcheur, n.m., mason’s laborer; bungler; one who sells under price (fig.). C’est un —; he is a bungler, a botcher.

gâcheu-x, -se, adj., splashy, sloppy. Chemin —; sloppy road.

gâchis, n.m., slop, mess, pickle, hash. Faire du — de; to make a hash of, to make a mess of. Être dans le —, avoir du —; to be in a mess, in a pickle.

gade, n.m., (ich.) codfish.

gadelle, n.f., red-currant.

gadellier, n.m., red-currant bush.

gadoïde, n.m., (ich.) codfish.

gadcuard, n.m., nightman, scavenger.

gadoue, n.f., filth, night-soil, sewage matter; (pop.) trollop.

gaélique, n.m. and adj., Gaelic.

gaffe, n.f., (nav.) gaff, boat-hook.

gaffeau, n.m., small boat-hook.

gaffer, v.a., (nav.) to hook.

gage, n.m., pawn, pledge; security, deposit; token, testimony; stake, forfeit (play); (jur.) lien. —s; wages, hire, pay; (fig.) assurance, promise, proof. Prêter sur —s; to lend money on pawned articles. Prêteur sur —s; pawn-broker. Mettre en —; to pawn. Donner en —; to pawn. Retirer un —; to redeem a pledge. Jouer aux —s; to play at forfeits. Casser aux —s; to dismiss from service, to discharge, to cashier. À —s; hired, paid. Prendre à —s; to hire.

gager, v.a., to hire; to lay, to lay a wager, to hold a wager, to bet, to stake; to pay wages to, to pay; (fig.) to predict, to be almost certain. — avec quelqu’un, contre quelqu’un; to lay a wager with, against any one. — le double contre le simple; to bet two to one. — sa vie; to stake one’s life. Gage que si, gage que non; I bet it is, I bet it is not.

gagerie (gaj-rî), n.f. V. saisie.

gageu-r, n.m., -se, n.f. V. parieur.

gageure (ga-jur), n.f., bet, wager, stake, stakes. Faire une —; to lay a wager. Soutenir la —; to stick to a thing, to maintain one’s ground, opinion. La — est la preuve des sots; betting marks the fool.

gagiste, adj., (jur.) by pledge. Créancier —; pledgee, bailee.

gagiste, n.m., hireling; (thea.) supernumerary; (jur.) pledgee, bailee.

*gagnage, n.m., pasturage, pasture-land.

*gagnant, n.m., -e, n.f., winner.

*gagnant, -e, adj., winning.

*gagne-denier, n.m., (—-—s), laborer, laboring man, day-laborer.

*gagne-pain, n.m., (—) bread-winner; means of subsistence, livelihood, daily bread.

*gagne-petit, n.m., (—) knife-grinder.

gagné, -e, adj., gained, won. Donner —; to give in, to own one’s self beaten. Avoir ville —e; to carry the day, to gain one’s point. Crier ville —e; to make sure of success; to cry victory (before it is won).

*gagner, v.a., to gain, to make; to earn, to get; to win; to prevail upon; to gain over, to bribe; to allure, to attract, to entice; to carry, to make one’s self master of; to prepossess; to deserve; to seize, to come over; to reach, to overtake, to get to, to come to, to arrive at; to catch. — sa vie avec peine; to work hard for one’s living. Vous n’y gagnerez rien; you will gain nothing by it. — une bataille; to gain a battle. — un pari; to win a bet. — la partie; to win the game. — son procès; to win one’s case. Je n’ai pu — cela sur lui; I could not prevail upon him to do that. — quelqu’un; to win any one’s money (at play). — quelqu’un; to draw, to win, any one over. — la contrescarpe; to carry the counterscarp. J’y gagnai une pleurésie; I caught pleurisy there. — un rhume; to catch a cold. La faim me gagne; I am beginning to feel hungry. La nuit nous gagnera; night will overtake us. — le logis; to reach home. — du chemin, — du pays; to gain ground; to get forward, to get on. — du temps; to gain time. — du pied, — les champs; to run away, to reach the open. — le devant; to get the start. — quelqu’un de vitesse; to get the start of any one; to be beforehand with any one. — le dessus; to get the better of. — un vaisseau; to gain ground on a ship. — la volonté d’un cheval; to break, to subdue, a horse.

*se gagner, v.r., to gain, to earn, to make, to acquire; to be catching, to be contagious.

*gagner, v.n., to gain, to make, to earn, to get, to reach; to win (at cards, in a lottery). — à être connu; to improve upon acquaintance. Qui épargne gagne; a penny saved is a penny earned.

*gagneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., winner, gainer.

gai, -e, adj., gay, merry, lively, exhilarating, mirthful, cheerful; blithe, buxom, gladsome, pleasant; (of colors) gaudy, bright, vivid; (mus.) allegro. Vert —; light green. Temps —; exhilarating weather. Il a le vin —; he is very merry in his cups. — comme un pinson; as gay as a lark, as merry as a grig. Être fort —; to be in excellent spirits. Il est — comme un bonnet de nuit; he is as dull as ditch-water.

gai, adv., (l.u.) gaily, merrily.

gaiac, n.m., (bot.) guaiac, guaiacum, holy-wood, wood of life; Indian wood. Bois de —; lignum-vitæ; (bot.) lignum-vitæ tree. Gomme, or résine, de —; guaiacum.

gaiement or gaîment (ghè-mān), adv., gaily, merrily, cheerfully, cheerily, briskly, blithely, jovially, laughingly; willingly, heartily.

gaieté or gaîté, n.f., gayety, merriment, mirth, glee; cheerfulness, blitheness, merriness, mirthfulness, joviality, sportiveness, good humor; youthful frolic. Cheval qui a de la —; (man.) mettlesome horse. De — de cœur; wantonly, out of sheer wantonness. Être en —; to be sprung.

*gaillard, -e, adj., joyful, joyous, jovial, jolly, merry, lively; blithe, buxom, light-hearted; libertine, wanton; broad; tipsy; sprung (half-tipsy); cool, fresh (of the wind). Nous étions tous un peu —s; we were all rather sprung. Vent —; cool wind.

gaillard, n.m., lively, merry, jovial fellow; fellow, blade, jolly dog. Gros —; great big fellow. Petit —; sly dog. — résolu; determined dog.

gaillard, n.m., (nav.) castle. — d’arrière; quarter-deck. — d’avant; forecastle. Sur le — d’avant; before the mast.

*gaillarde, n.f., gaillard (dance); wanton; (print.) bourgeois.

*gaillardement, adv., joyously, merrily, blithely; boldly, briskly.

*gaillardise, n.f., sprightliness, liveliness, mirth, jollity; broad, free, wanton language. Dire des —s; to make use of free, wanton language.

*gaillet, n.m., (bot.) V. caille-lait.

gain, n.m., gain, profit, emolument, lucre; winning, gaining. — net; clear gain, net profit. —s nuptiaux, —s de survie; (jur.) whatever is left to the survivor (husband or wife). Amour du —; love of lucre. — de jeu; winnings. Tirer du — de; to profit by. Vivre de son —; to live by one’s winnings. Avoir — de cause; to carry the day, to win. Donner — de cause à; to yield to any one. Se retirer sur son —; to retire upon one’s winnings.

gaine, n.f., scabbard, sheath; (of a clock) case; (bot.) ochrea; (archi.) terminal; (nav.) canvas-edging. — de pavillon; canvas edging of an ensign.

gainerie, n.f., sheath-making.

gainier, n.m., sheath-maker, scabbard-maker; (bot.) judas-tree.

gaîté. V. gaieté.

gala, n.m., gala. Habite de —; full, or court, dress.

galactomètre, n.m., lactometer.

galamment (ga-la-mān), adv., gracefully; with gallantry, courteously, in a courtly manner; handsomely, genteelly; gallantly, bravely, nobly.

galane, n.f., (bot.) tortoise-flower.

galanga, n.m., (bot.) galangale, galanga.

galant, -e, adj., honest, upright; civil; liberal, generous; gallant, courteous; fine, flattering, complimentary, genteel. C’est un — homme; he is a man of honor. Un homme —; a courteous, polite man, ladies’ man. Un billet —; a love-letter. Humeur —e; gay humor. En — homme; like a gentleman, gallantly. Manières —es; gallant manners. Femme —e; courtesan, gay woman.

galant, n.m., gallant, wooer, sweetheart, suitor, lover; sharp fellow. Faire le —; to court the ladies. Un vert galant; a dashing ladies’ man, a devoted admirer of the fair sex. — d’hiver; (bot.) snow-drop.

galanterie (ga-lan-trî), n.f., politeness, gallantry (towards the ladies), flattering, courteous compliment; present; intrigue, love affair; (med.) syphilis. Dire des —s; to flirt with. Ce n’est qu’une —; it is but a mere compliment.

galantin, n.m., dangler, beau.

galantine, n.f., galantine; (bot.) snow-drop. — perce-neige; snow-drop.

☉galantiser, v.a., to dangle after.

☉se galantiser, v.r., to admire one’s self.

galaxie, n.f., (astron.) Galaxy, Milky-Way.

galbanum (-non), n.m., (bot.) galbanum. Donner du — à quelqu’un; to raise false hopes.

galbe, n.m., (arch.) graceful sweep; entasis; swelling; outline, curve, sweep (of the face).

gale, n.f., itch; scab; mange; scurf (of vegetables, fruit). Être méchant comme la —; to be very spiteful. N’avoir pas la — aux dents; to be a glutton.

galé, n.m., gale, sweet-willow, Dutch myrtle.

galéace or galéasse, n.f., (nav.) galeas.

galée, n.f., (print.) galley. Coulisse de —; galley-slice.

galéga, n.m., (bot.) galega, goat’s rue.

galène, n.f., (min.) galena. — de fer; wolfram. Fausse —; mock-lead.

galénique, adj., (med.) galenic, galenical.

galénisme, n.m., (med.) galenism.

galéniste, n.m., (med.) galenist.

galeobdolan, n.m., (bot.) yellow archangel.

galéopsis, n.m., (bot.) galeopsis; stinking dead-nettle, blind-nettle.

se galer, v.r., (pop.) to scratch, or to rub, one’s self. v.a., to scratch, to claw.

galère, n.f., galley, row-galley; organ-builder’s plane; Spanish wagon. Être condamné aux —s; to be condemned to the galleys. Tenir —; to maintain a galley. Vogue la —; happen or come what may. Qu’allait-il faire dans cette —? what business had he there or whatever induced him to get into that scrape? C’est une vraie —; it is frightful drudgery.

galerie (ga-lri), n.f., gallery, lobby, corridor; (fig.) spectators, lookers on, company; (nav.) stern gallery, balcony; passage; (mec.) foot-board; (mining) level, drift, creep-hole; (thea.) gallery; (furniture) beading, rim; (for curtains) cornice. Petite —; (arch.) heading. — principale; (arch.) body-range (of vaults); (mining) foot-board. — d’allongement; (mining) main level. — d’écoulement; (engineering) drainage, drain-gallery; (mining) adit; offtake; drift; thirl. — du faux pont; (nav.) gangway. — en saillie; (arch.) bartizan. Faire —; to look on (at balls); to be a wall-flower. — de tableaux; picture-gallery.

galérien (-ri-in), n.m., galley-slave, convict.

galerne, n.f., (nav.) northwesterly wind.

galet, n.m., shuffle-board; pebble, shingle; shingly beach; gravel; (locksmith’s work) roller.

galetas (gal-tâ), n.m., garret, attic; hole, hovel.

galette, n.f., broad thin cake; sea-biscuit. Plat comme une —; flat as a pancake.

galeu-x, -se, adj., itchy; scabby; mangy; scurfy (of plants, trees). Chien —; mangy dog. Brebis —se; scabby sheep. Arbre —; scurfy tree. Qui se sent — se gratte; (prov.) if the cap fits, wear it.

galeu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., mangy fellow.

galhauban, n.m., (nav.) back-stay. Rides de —s; laniards of the back-stays. —s volants; preventer back-stays.

galimafrée, n.f., (cook.) hotch-potch, hash, mishmash.

galimatias (-tiâ), n.m., fustian, nonsense; balderdash, rigmarole, gibberish.

galion, n.m., (nav.) galleon.

galiote, n.f., galliot; half-galley, bark, boat, ketch, tub; (bot.) bennet. — à bombes; bomb-ketch. — de Hollande; track-scout.

galipot, n.m., white resin.

galipoter, v.a., (nav.) to pitch.

galle, n.f., oak-apple, gall. Noix de —; gall-nut. —s de chêne; oak galls.

gallerie, n.f., bee-moth.

gallican, -e (gal-li-), adj., Gallican, French.

gallicanisme, n.m., Gallicanism.

gallicisme (gal-li-), n.m., gallicism.

gallinacé, -e, adj., (orni.) gallinaceous.

gallinacés (gal-li-), n.m.pl., (orni.) gallinaceæ.

galline, n.f., (ich.) sapphirine garnet; swallow-fish; tub-fish.

gallique (gal-lik), adj.m., (chem.) gallic. Acide —; gallic acid; (geog.) Gallic.

gallois, -e, adj., Welsh.

gallois, n.m., -e, n.f., Welshman; Welshwoman.

gallois, n.m., Welsh language.

gallon, n.m., (measure of capacity) gallon.

galoche, n.f., galosh, clog; (nav.) clamp. Un menton de —; a long-pointed chin. — de fer; (nav.) hanging clamp.

galon, n.m., galoon, lace, gimp; grocer’s round box; officers’ stripes.

galonner, v.a., to lace, to adorn with gold or silver-lace. Habit galonné; laced coat.

galonnier, n.m., gold-lace maker; silver-lace maker.

galop (ga-lô), n.m., gallop, galloping; (dance) gallop; (pop.) scolding, reprimand. Petit —; hand gallop. — raccourci, demi-—; canter. Grand — or — de charge; full gallop.

galopade, n.f., galloping; gallop; (fam.) blowing up.

galopant, -e, adj., galloping.

galoper, v.n., to gallop; to run on; to run about; to dance the gallop. Faire — un cheval; to make a horse gallop.

galoper, v.a., to gallop; to pursue; to run after; to seize upon.

galopin, n.m., errand boy; young scoundrel; blackguard; rogue, imp.

☉galoubet, n.m., (mus.) tabor-pipe.

galuchat, n.m., dog-fish skin; shark-skin.

galurin, n.m., hat, tile (slang).

galvanique, adj., galvanic. Pile —; galvanic battery, galvanic trough.

galvaniser, v.a., to galvanize.

galvanisme, n.m., galvanism.

galvanomètre, n.m., galvanometer.

galvanoplastie, n.f., electrotype.

galvauder, v.a., to abuse, to scold; to mess, to spoil.

gamache, n.f., spatterdash, legging; (orni.) black cap.

gambade, n.f., skip, gambol; blarney. Payer en —s; to pay in excuses.

gambader, v.n., to gambol, to skip, to romp, to frisk.

gambette, n.f., (orni.) red-shank.

gambier, n.m., iron bar; gambier.

*gambiller, v.n., to kick about, to fidget.

gambit, n.m., (at chess) gambit.

gamelle, n.f., (milit., nav.) porringer, platter, bowl, basin, mess. Camarade de —; messmate. Manger à la même —; to eat out of the same dish, to mess together.

gamin, n.m., boy, lad, urchin, street-arab, chit; blackguard, idle boy, cub, brat.

gamine, n.f., little girl, hoyden, chit of a girl; saucy baggage; hussy.

gamme, n.f., (mus.) gamut, scale; (fig.) comprehension, tone; dressing. — chromatique; chromatic scale. Être hors de —; to be off the hinges. Changer de —; to alter one’s tone, to turn over a new leaf. Chanter la — à quelqu’un; to lecture any one soundly. Mettre quelqu’un hors de —; to put any one out, to disconcert any one. Je lui ai répondu sur la même —; I answered him in the same tone.

ganache, n.f., lower jaw (of a horse); lout, dolt, booby, blockhead.

ganga, n.m., (orni.) sand-grouse.

ganglion, n.m., (surg.) ganglion; spavin.

ganglionnaire, adj., (anat.) ganglionary.

gangrène, n.f., gangrene, mortification; (fig.) corruption, canker.

gangrené, -e, adj., gangrened, mortified; cankered, corrupt.

gangrener, v.a., to gangrene, to mortify. Se —, v.r., to become gangrened, to be mortified; to gangrene; (fig.) to canker.

gangreneu-x, -se, adj., (med.) gangrenous, cankered.

gangue (gang), n.f., gangue, vein-stone.

ganivet, n.m., small penknife; (surg.) small knife.

gannaliser, v.a., to embalm.

gannet, n.m., (orni.) wagel.

gano (ombre), let me have the deal, “I have the king.”

ganse, n.f., knot, bobbin; edging, braid, gimp; cord, twist; loop (of diamonds). — de soie; silk-cord.

gant, n.m., glove, gauntlet, gantlet. — bourré; fencing-glove; (fig.) merit, credit, honor. — de Notre-Dame; (bot.) throatwort. Baguette à —s; glove-stick. Souple comme un —; as soft as a glove. L’amitié passe le —; excuse my glove. Jeter le —; to throw down the gauntlet, to challenge. Ramasser, relever, le —; to take up the gauntlet, to accept the challenge. Aller à quelqu’un comme un —; to fit any one like a glove; to suit any one to a T. Se donner les —s; to attribute to one’s self the success, the merit (of a thing). Il s’en donne les —s; he takes the credit of it.

gantelée, n.f., (bot.) foxglove, throatwort. Campanule —; throatwort.

gantelet (gan-tlè), n.m., gauntlet; (tech.) hand-leather; (surg.) glove-bandage.

ganter, v.a., to glove, to fit with gloves; to fit (of gloves). Cela me gante; that suits me down to the ground.

se ganter, v.r., to put on one’s gloves, to get one’s gloves (at so and so’s).

ganterie (gan-trî), n.f., glove-making; glove trade.

gant-ier, n.m., -ière, n.f. (-tier, -ti-èr), glover.

garage, n.m., (railways) shunting; (on rivers, canals) putting into wet dock; garage. Voie de —; siding.

garançage, n.m., (dy.) madder dyeing.

garance, n.f., (bot.) madder, madder-root. Petite —; squinancy. — robée; barked madder.

garancer, v.a., (dy.) to madder.

garanceur, n.m., (dy.) madder-dyer.

garancière, n.f., madder-ground.

garant, n.m., -e, n.f., guarantee; surety, security; voucher; warranter; (nav.) tackle-fall. Se rendre —, or se porter —; to warrant, to vouch for. J’en suis —; I answer for it, vouch for it.

garanti, n.m., -e, n.f., warrantee.

garantie (-tî), n.f., warranty; guaranty; warranting, guaranteeing; making good; security, voucher, pledge. — accessoire; (jur.) collateral security. Sous-—; (—-—s) counterbound. — de droit; (jur.) implied warranty. Être — à quelqu’un de quelque chose; to pledge one’s self to any one for anything.

garantir, v.a., to guarantee; to warrant; to vouch for; to insure; to make good, to indemnify; to keep from; to protect, to defend, to shelter, to shield, to guard. Je lui ai garanti le fait; I vouched for the fact (to him). Je ne vous le garantis pas; I will not warrant it you. — quelqu’un de toutes poursuites; to secure any one against all demands. — du froid; to keep from cold.

se garantir, v.r., to secure one’s self, to preserve one’s self, to shelter one’s self; to keep one’s self from; to keep clear of, to steer clear of.

garat, n.m., sort of calico.

garbure, n.f., (cook.) sort of thick porridge.

garce, n.f., strumpet, bitch, beast.

garcette, n.f., (nav.) gasket, rope’s end, sinnet; cat-o’-nine-tails, cat.

garçon, n.m., boy, lad; bachelor; journeyman, man; shop-boy, shopman; porter, office-porter; waiter; groom; (nav.) younker. C’est un vieux —; he is an old bachelor. Faire le mauvais —; to hector, to bluster. Faire le beau —; to riot, to lead a dissipated life. Brave —; worthy fellow; trump; dear fellow; good fellow. Premier —; foreman. — tailleur; journeyman tailor. Vous voilà joli —! a pretty fellow you make!

garçonner, v.n., to hoiden, to romp.

garçonnet, n.m., little boy.

garçonnière, n.f., romp, tom-boy, hoiden; bachelor’s rooms.

garde, n.f., keeping; defence; watching; guard; watch; nurse; custody, charge, ward (of a lock); fly-leaf (of books); low card (at cards); (fenc.) ward, guard; (nav.) anchor-watch; care, heed. Avoir la — d’un poste; to have the defense of a post. — avancée; advance-guard. Faire la —, être de —; to be on guard. Monter la —; to mount guard. Monter une — à quelqu’un; to rate soundly. Descendre la —; to come off guard. Relever la —; to relieve guard. La — montante; the relieving guard. La — descendante; the coming off guard. Officier de —; officer on guard. —s du corps; life-guards. Un corps de —; a guard-house. — à vous; attention, look out. Faire bonne —; to keep good watch. — d’enfants; nurse. Avoir en —; to have in one’s keeping. Donner en — à quelqu’un; to commit to any one’s keeping. Dieu vous ait en sa sainte —; God have you in his holy keeping! Se tenir en —; to be upon one’s guard. Il a toujours — à carreau; he is always guarded against, ready for every emergency. Fruit de —; fruit that will keep. Prenez — à cela; take care of that. Prenez — de tomber; take care not to fall. Prendre —; to mind. Il prend — à un sou; he looks at a penny. Ne prenez pas — à moi; do not mind me. Il m’offense sans y prendre —; he offends me without meaning it. Se donner de — de quelqu’un, de quelque chose; to be on one’s guard against any one, anything. S’en donner jusqu’à la —; to go the whole hog. Être hors de —; to be completely ignorant of an affair. N’avoir — de faire une chose; to be far from doing a thing; not to be fool enough to do a thing; to be unable to do a thing. Mon chien est de bonne —; mine is a good watch-dog. Il n’a — de tromper, il est trop honnête homme; he is too honest to think of cheating. Il n’a — de venir; he will take care to keep away. Je n’ai — d’y aller; I am not such a fool as to go there. Nous n’avons — d’en douter; far be it from us to doubt it. Être sur ses —s; se tenir sur ses —s; to be upon one’s guard. À la —! guard, guard! watch, watch!