A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (continued 19)

incommodément, adv., incommodiously, inconveniently; uncomfortably.

incommoder, v.a., to incommode, to inconvenience, to trouble; to disturb, to annoy; to embarrass, to impair; to disagree with. Si cela ne vous incommode pas; if it be no trouble to you. J’ai peur de vous —; I am afraid of troubling you.

s’incommoder, v.r., to inconvenience one’s self.

incommodité, n.f., inconvenience, incommodiousness, trouble, annoyance; discomfort, indisposition, infirmity; distress (of a ship). Signal d’—; (nav.) signal of distress.

incommuable, adj., incommutable.

incommunicable, adj., incommunicable.

incommutabilité, n.f., incommutability.

incommutable, adj., (jur.) incommutable.

incommutablement, adv., (jur.) incommutably.

incomparable, adj., incomparable, matchless, unequaled, peerless.

incomparablement, adv., incomparably.

incompatibilité, n.f., incompatibility, inconsistency.

incompatible, adj., incompatible, inconsistent, incongruous, unsuitable.

incompatiblement, adv., incompatibly, inconsistently.

incompétemment (-ta-mān), adv., incompetently.

incompétence, n.f., incompetence, incompetency.

incompétent, -e, adj., incompetent.

incomplaisance, n.f., want of kindness; unkindness.

incompl-et, -ète, adj., incomplete, imperfect.

incomplètement (-plèt-mān), adv., incompletely, imperfectly.

incomplexe, adj., incomplex.

incompréhensibilité, n.f., incomprehensibility.

incompréhensible, adj., incomprehensible, unintelligible, inscrutable.

incompréhensiblement, adv., incomprehensibly.

incompressibilité, n.f., incompressibility.

incompressible, adj., incompressible.

incompris, -e, adj., not understood; unappreciated.

inconcevable, adj., inconceivable; strange, wonderful, singular, odd; extraordinary.

inconcevablement, adv., inconceivably.

inconciliable, adj., irreconcilable.

inconciliablement, adv., irreconcilably.

inconclu, -e, adj., unconcluded.

inconcluant, -e, adj., inconclusive.

inconduite, n.f., misconduct.

incongelable, adj., uncongealable.

incongru, -e, adj., incongruous; unfit, unseemly, indecorous.

incongruité, n.f., incongruity; impropriety, unseemliness; indecency.

incongrûment, adv., incongruously, improperly, in an unseemly manner, indecorously.

inconnu, -e, adj., unknown.

inconnu, n.m., -e, n.f., unknown person; stranger.

inconnu, n.m., (n.p.) the unknown, that which is unknown.

inconnue, n.f., (math.) unknown quantity.

inconquis, -e, adj., unconquered.

inconscience, n.f., unconsciousness.

inconscient, adj., unconscious.

inconséquemment, adv., inconsistently.

inconséquence, n.f., inconsistency.

inconséquent, -e, adj. and n.m.f., inconsistent; inconsistent person.

inconsidération, n.f., inconsiderateness.

inconsidéré, -e, adj., inconsiderate, thoughtless, incautious.

inconsidérément, adv., inconsiderately, thoughtlessly, incautiously.

inconsistance, n.f., inconsistency.

inconsistant, adj., inconsistent.

inconsolable, adj., inconsolable, disconsolate.

inconsolablement, adv., inconsolably; disconsolately.

inconsolé, adj., unconsoled, uncomforted.

inconsommé, -e, adj., not consummated; unconsumed.

inconstamment, adv., inconstantly, unsteadily.

inconstance, n.f., inconstancy, fickleness, unsteadiness; changeableness, instability. L’— d’un amant; the fickleness of a lover. L’— du temps; the changeableness of the weather.

inconstant, -e, adj., inconstant, fickle, wavering, changeable; variable, unsettled, unsteady.

inconstant, -e, n.m.f. L’—, l’—e; the fickle man, the fickle woman.

inconstitutionnalité, n.f., unconstitutionality.

inconstitutionnel, -le, adj., unconstitutional.

inconstitutionnellement (-nèl-mān), adv., unconstitutionally.

incontestable, adj., incontestable, indisputable, unquestionable.

incontestablement, adj., incontestably, indisputably, unquestionably.

incontesté, -e, adj., uncontested, uncontradicted; unquestioned, undisputed.

incontinence, n.f., incontinency.

incontinent, -e, adj., incontinent, unchaste.

incontinent, adv., (l.u.) at once, directly, immediately; forthwith.

incontinu, -e, adj., uncontinuous.

incontinuité, n.f., incontinuity.

incontrôlable, adj., uncontrollable.

incontroversable, adj., incontrovertible.

inconvenable, adj., unbecoming, unsuitable; unseemly.

inconvenablement, adv., unbecomingly.

inconvenance, n.f., impropriety, indecorousness, indecorum; unseemliness. Quelle —! how very improper!

inconvenant, -e, adj., improper, unbecoming, unseemly.

inconvénient, n.m., inconvenience, disadvantage; untoward incident; ill consequence, harm, trouble, objection. Je ne vois pas d’— à cela; I see no objection to that.

inconverti, -e, adj., unconverted.

inconvertible, adj., unconvertible.

incorporalité, n.f., incorporeality.

incorporation, n.f., incorporation.

incorporéité, n.f., incorporeity.

incorporel, -le, adj., incorporeal.

incorporer, v.a., to incorporate; to embody; to fuse. — un régiment dans un autre; to embody one regiment into another.

s’incorporer, v.r., to incorporate, to be embodied; to unite with; to be blended.

incorrect, -e, adj., incorrect, wrong, erroneous.

incorrectement, adv., incorrectly, inaccurately, wrongly.

incorrection, n.f., incorrectness, inaccuracy.

incorrigibilité, n.f., incorrigibility.

incorrigible, adj., incorrigible, irreclaimable.

incorrigiblement, adv., incorrigibly.

incorrompu, -e, adj., (l.u.) incorrupt, pure.

incorruptibilité, n.f., incorruptibility.

incorruptible, adj., incorruptible.

incorruption, n.f., incorruption.

incrassant, -e, adj., (med.) incrassating, nutritive.

incrassant, n.m., (med.) nutritive.

incrédibilité, n.f., incredibility.

incrédule, adj., incredulous, unbelieving.

incrédule, n.m.f., unbeliever; infidel.

incrédulité, n.f., incredulity; unbelief.

incréé, -e, adj., increate, increated.

incriminable, adj., incriminable, impeachable.

incrimination, n.f., (jur.) incrimination; charge, accusation.

incriminer, v.a., to incriminate, to accuse, to charge, to impeach.

incroyable, adj., incredible, past belief.

incroyable, n.m., French dandy (1795-1799).

incroyablement, adv., incredibly.

incroyance, n.f., unbelief.

incroyant, n.m., unbeliever.

incrustation, n.f., incrustation.

incruster, v.a., to incrust, to inlay.

s’incruster, v.r., to become incrusted.

incubation, n.f., incubation.

incube, n.m., incubus.

incuit, n.m., underdone part of roast meat.

incuit, -e, adj., underdone (of roast meat).

inculpable, adj., (jur.) chargeable.

inculpation, n.f., inculpation.

inculpé, n.m., -e, n.f., (jur.) prisoner, accused.

inculper, v.a., to accuse, to inculpate.

inculquer, v.a., to inculcate, to impress.

s’inculquer, v.r., to be inculcated or impressed.

inculte, adj., uncultivated; untilled, unplowed, waste; unpolished, rude. Terres —s; waste lands.

incultivable, adj., uncultivable.

incultivé, -e, adj., uncultivated.

inculture, n.f., (l.u.) inculture, want of culture.

incunable, n.m. and adj., old, early; early printed book.

incurabilité, n.f., incurability.

incurable, n.m.f. and adj., incurable. Les —s; hospital for incurables.

incurablement, adv., incurably.

incurie, n.f., carelessness, thoughtlessness; heedlessness; negligence.

incurieusement, adv., incuriously.

incurieu-x, -se, adj., incurious.

incuriosité, n.f., incuriosity.

incursion, n.f., incursion, inroad, irruption; (fig.) excursion.

incuse, adj. and n.f., badly or imperfectly struck medal.

inde, n.m., (dy.) indigo, indigo-blue.

*indébrouillable, adj., inextricable, inexplicable, that cannot be unraveled.

indécemment, adv., indecently.

indécence, n.f., indecency; obscenity.

indécent, -e, adj., indecent; obscene.

indéchiffrable, adj., undecipherable, illegible, inexplicable; (fig.) obscure, intricate.

indéchirable, adj., untearable.

indéchiré, -e, adj., untorn.

indécis, -e, adj., undecided, doubtful; indeterminate, undefined, faint, vague; wavering. Il était —; he was wavering.

indécision, n.f., indecision, irresolution; wavering; indistinctness.

indéclinabilité, n.f., indeclinableness.

indéclinable, adj., (gram.) indeclinable.

indécomposable, adj., indecomposable.

indécousable, adj., unsewable.

indécrit, -e, adj., nondescript.

indécrottable, adj., (pop.) uncleanable, unpolishable, rude, incorrigible, unteachable; intractable.

indéfectibilité, n.f., indefectibility.

indéfectible, adj., indefectible.

indéfendable, adj., indefensible, untenable.

indéfini, -e, adj., indefinite, unlimited.

indéfiniment, adv., indefinitely.

indéfinissable, adj., indefinable, undefinable, unaccountable; nondescript.

indéformable, adj., that cannot be put out of shape.

indéfrichable, adj., (of land) unclearable.

indéfriché, -e, adj., uncleared, uncultivated.

indélébile, adj., indelible, ineffaceable.

indélébilité, n.f., indelibility.

indélibéré, -e, adj., indeliberate.

indélicat, -e, adj., indelicate; unhandsome; unbecoming; unscrupulous.

indélicatement (-ka-tmān), adv., indelicately, unhandsomely, unbecomingly.

indélicatesse, n.f., indelicacy; unhandsomeness.

indemne (in-dèm-n), adj., (jur.) indemnified. Rendre —; to indemnify.

indemnisation, n.f., indemnification.

indemniser (in-dèm-ni-zé), v.a., to indemnify; to recoup; to make good.

s’indemniser, v.r., to indemnify one’s self; to recoup one’s self.

indemnité, n.f., indemnity.

indémontrable, adj., undemonstrable.

indémontré, -e, adj., undemonstrated.

indéniable, adj., undeniable; unquestionable; obvious, self-evident.

indépendamment (-da-mān), adv., independently.

indépendance, n.f., independence.

indépendant, -e, adj., independent.

indépendant, n.m., Independent.

indéracinable, adj., ineradicable.

indescriptible, adj., indescribable.

indescriptiblement, adv., indescribably.

indésirable, adj., undesirable.

indestituable, adj., irremovable.

indestructibilité, n.f., indestructibility.

indestructible, adj., indestructible.

indéterminable, adj., indeterminable.

indétermination, n.f., indetermination, irresolution.

indéterminé, -e, adj., indeterminate, unlimited.

indéterminément, adv., indeterminately.

indevinable, adj., unguessable.

indévot, -e, n.m.f. and adj., irreligious.

indévotement, adv., irreverently.

indévotion, n.f., irreligion.

index (in-dèks), n.m., index, table of contents; forefinger. — expurgatoire; expurgatory index. Mettre à l’—; to prohibit. Être à l’—; to be forbidden.

indicateur, adj., indicating, indicatory.

indicateur, n.m., indicator, gauge, guide; (anat.) index; railway guide, time-table. Doigt —; forefinger.

indicatif, n.m., (gram.) indicative mood.

indicati-f, -ve, adj., indicative.

indication, n.f., indication, information; sign, mark, proof, declaration.

indice, n.m., indication, indicator, sign, mark, token, symptom; clew.

indicible, adj., inexpressible, unspeakable, ineffable, unutterable.

indiciblement, adv., unspeakably, ineffably, unutterably; inexpressibly.

indiction, n.f., indiction, convocation, prescription.

indicule, n.m., (l.u.) slight indication.

indien, -ne (-in, -è-n), n.m.f. and adj., Indian.

indienne, n.f., printed calico, printed cotton, print.

indienneur, n.m., calico-printer.

indifféremment (-ra-mān), adv., indifferently, indiscriminately; equally, alike.

indifférence, n.f., indifference, unconcern.

indifférent, -e, adj., indifferent; unconcerned; immaterial; (pers.) cold, unmindful, indolent, insensible. Il lui est — de sortir ou de rester; it is the same to him whether he goes out or not. Cela m’est parfaitement —; I don’t mind which it is, or it is quite immaterial to me.

indifférent, n.m., -e, n.f., indifferent person (one who is neither a friend nor an enemy). Faire l’—; to feign indifference.

indigénat, n.m., denizenship; naturalization (in Poland).

indigence, n.f., indigence, poverty, need.

indigène, n.m.f. and adj., indigenous; native (of a continent).

indigent, -e, adj. and n., indigent, needy, necessitous; poor person.

indigéré, -e, adj., undigested, crude.

indigeste, adj., indigestible, undigested; crude.

indigestion, n.f., indigestion.

*indignation, n.f., indignation. Avec —; indignantly. Faire éclater son —; to give vent to one’s indignation.

*indigne, adj., unworthy, undeserving; infamous, worthless, scandalous. — de succéder; (jur.) debarred from inheriting.

*indigne, n.m., worthless, infamous wretch; (jur.) one debarred by law from inheriting.

*indigné, -e, part., indignant, shocked.

*indignement, adv., unworthily, infamously, scandalously.

*indigner, v.a., to render indignant; to raise the indignation of; to shock.

*s’indigner, v.r., to be indignant, shocked.

*indignité, n.f., indignity; unworthiness, worthlessness; vileness, baseness; infamy, scandalous thing. Quelle —! what a shame! what a scandalous thing!

indigo, n.m., indigo.

indigoterie, n.f., indigo manufactory.

indigotier (-tié), n.m., indigo-plant.

indiquer, v.a., to indicate, to show, to point out; to direct to, to inform of, to acquaint with, to appoint, to mention, to name, to recommend, to state, to sketch out. Voulez-vous m’— le chemin de l’église? will you show me the way to the church? Au lieu indiqué; at the appointed place. S’—; to be indicated.

indirect, -e, adj., indirect; (of evidence) circumstantial; (of heirs) collateral.

indirectement, adv., indirectly.

indisciplinable, adj., indisciplinable; indocile, unruly, ungovernable.

indiscipline, n.f., indiscipline, insubordination.

indiscipliné, -e, adj., undisciplined.

indiscr-et, -ète, adj., indiscreet, inconsiderate, unwary; inquisitive; injudicious; tell-tale, unable to keep a secret. n.m.f., babbler, blabberer.

indiscrètement (-krèt-mān), adv., indiscreetly, inconsiderately; unadvisedly, injudiciously, unguardedly.

indiscrétion, n.f., indiscretion, inconsiderateness, imprudence, unwariness; piece of indiscretion, indiscreet thing. Serait-ce une — de ma part de demander...? would it be indiscreet of me to ask...?

indiscutable, adj., incontestable, unquestionable, indisputable.

indispensabilité, n.f., indispensableness.

indispensable, adj., indispensable. n.m. L’—; the strict necessities, the indispensable or strictly necessary; the needful.

indispensablement, adv., indispensably.

indisponibilité, n.f., unavailableness.

indisponible, adj., indisposable; unavailable.

indisposé, -e, adj., indisposed, unwell.

indisposer, v.a., to indispose; to render, to make unwell; to disaffect, to disincline, to estrange, to set against. Je craignais que son intervention ne vous indisposât contre moi; I was afraid his interference would set you against me.

s’indisposer, v.r., to be indisposed; to be unwell.

indisposition, n.f., indisposition; disinclination.

indisputable, adj., indisputable.

indissolubilité, n.f., indissolubility.

indissoluble, adj., indissoluble.

indissolublement, adv., indissolubly.

indistinct, -e, adj., indistinct, confused, vague, faint, dim.

indistinctement, adv., indistinctly, indiscriminately; vaguely, dimly, confusedly.

indistinction, n.f., indistinction, indistinctness.

individu, n.m., individual, self. Avoir soin de son —; to take care of one’s self, of number one.

individualization, n.f., individualization.

individualizer, v.a., to individualize.

individualisme, n.m., individualism.

individualité, n.f., individuality, entity.

individuel, -le, adj., individual.

individuellement (-duèl-mān), adv., individually.

indivis, -e, adj., (jur.) undivided.

indivis, n.m., (jur.) joint-tenancy. Par —; in joint-tenancy.

indivisé, -e, adj., undivided.

indivisément, adv., indivisibly.

indivisibilité, n.f., indivisibility.

indivisible, adj., indivisible.

indivisiblement, adv., indivisibly.

indivision, n.f., joint-possession, copartnership; joint-tenancy.

in-dix-huit, n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) decimo-octavo, in eighteen, 18mo.

indocile, adj., indocile, unmanageable.

indocilité, n.f., indocility, untractableness.

indocte, adj., illiterate, ignorant, unlettered.

indo-germanique, adj., Indo-Germanic.

indolemment (-la-mān), adv., indolently.

indolence, n.f., indolence, sloth. Son — le perdra; his indolence will be the death of him.

indolent, -e, n. and adj., indolent person; indolent, sluggish, slothful.

indomptable, adj., indomptable; untamable, ungovernable.

indomptablement, adv., indomitably, untamably, ungovernably.

indompté, -e, adj., untamed, wild; uncontrollable; unconquered, unsubdued.

indou, n.m. and adj., Hindoo.

in-douze, n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) duodecimo, in twelve, 12mo.

indu, -e, adj., undue, unseasonable, late. Heure —e; unseasonable or late hour.

indubitable, adj., indubitable, certain, beyond doubt.

indubitablement, adv., indubitably, undoubtedly, unquestionably.

inducti-f, -ve, adj., inductive.

inductile, adj., inductile.

induction, n.f., (philos.) induction, inference.

induire, (induisant, induit), v.a., to induce, to lead, to infer. — en erreur; to lead into error. S’—; to be inferred.

indulgence, n.f., lenity, leniency, indulgence. User d’— (envers); to show indulgence to. Avoir de l’— (pour); to be indulgent to; to make allowance for.

indulgent, -e, adj., lenient, indulgent, considerate.

indult (in-dult), n.m., indult.

indultaire, n.m., (canon law) incumbent or nominee (by virtue of an indult).

indûment, adv., unduly.

induration, n.f., (med.) induration.

induré, adj., (med.) indurated.

s’indurer, v.r., to indurate.

industrialisme, n.m., industrialism.

industrialiste, n.m., industrialist.

industrie, n.f., skill, ingenuity; business, trade; manufactures, arts and manufactures; industry, work. Vivre d’—; to live by one’s wits. Chevalier d’—; swindler, sharper.

industriel, n.m., manufacturer, commercial man; tradesman; trader.

industriel, -le, adj., industrial, manufacturing. Les produits —s; the products of arts and manufactures. Les arts —s; the mechanical arts. Richesses —les; commercial wealth.

industrieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., industrially, ingeniously, skillfully.

industrieu-x, -se, adj., ingenious, skillful, industrious.

indut, n.m.pl., assistant priest.

inébranlable, adj., immovable; resolute; unmoved, unshaken, steady, firm.

inébranlablement, adv., immovably, steadily, resolutely, firmly.

inébriati-f, -ve, adj., inebriating, inebriant.

inédit, -e, adj., inedited, unpublished, new.

ineffabilité, n.f., ineffability, unspeakableness.

ineffable, adj., ineffable, inexpressible, unutterable.

ineffablement, adv., ineffably, unutterably.

ineffaçable, adj., indelible, ineffaceable.

ineffaçablement, adv., indelibly, ineffaceably.

inefficace, adj., inefficacious, ineffective, ineffectual, unavailing.

inefficacement, adv., inefficaciously, inefficiently.

inefficacité, n.f., inefficacy, inefficiency.

inégal, -e, adj., unequal, uneven, rough; (fig.) disproportioned, ill-matched.

inégalement, adv., unequally, unevenly.

inégalité, n.f., inequality; unevenness, ruggedness, irregularity.

inélégamment, adv., inelegantly.

inélégance, n.f., inelegance.

inélégant, -e, adj., inelegant, unpolished.

inéligibilité, n.f., ineligibility.

inéligible, adj., ineligible.

inéluctable, adj., fatal, inevitable, unavoidable; indisputable, unquestionable, overwhelming.

inéludable, adj., which cannot be set aside or evaded.

inénarrable, adj., unspeakable, unutterable, indescribable.

inepte, adj., inept, unfit, foolish, silly.

ineptement, adv., ineptly, foolishly, sillily.

ineptie (-ci), n.f., ineptness, ineptitude, foolishness, absurdity.

inépuisable, adj., inexhaustible.

inépuisablement, adv., inexhaustibly.

inerme, adj., (bot.) inermous, thornless.

inerte, adj., inert, sluggish, inactive, dull.

inertie (-ci), n.f., inertia; inertness; indolence, inactivity. Force d’—; vis inertiæ, passive resistance.

inespérable, adj., that cannot be hoped for.

inespéré, -e, adj., unhoped for, unlooked for, unexpected.

inespérément, adv., (l.u.) unexpectedly.

inestimable, adj., inestimable.

inestimé, -e, adj., unesteemed.

inévitable, adj., inevitable, unavoidable.

inévitablement, adv., inevitably, unavoidably.

inexact, -e, adj., inexact, inaccurate.

inexactement, adv., inaccurately, incorrectly.

inexactitude, n.f., inexactness, inaccuracy, incorrectness; unpunctuality.

inexcusable, adj., inexcusable, unjustifiable, unwarrantable.

inexcusablement, adv., inexcusably, unjustifiably.

inexécutable, adj., impracticable.

inexécuté, -e, adj., unexecuted.

inexécution, n.f., inexecution.

inexercé, -e, adj., unexercised, unpractised.

inexigible, adj., not demandable.

inexorable, adj., inexorable, inflexible, unrelenting.

inexorablement, adv., inexorably.

inexpérience, n.f., inexperience.

inexpérimenté, -e, adj., inexperienced, unpracticed; untried.

inexpiable, adj., inexpiable, unatonable.

inexpié, adj., unatoned (for).

inexplicable, adj., inexplicable, unaccountable, singular.

inexplicablement, adv., inexplicably, unaccountably.

inexpliqué, adj., unexplained.

inexploitable, adj., unworkable; uncultivable.

inexploité, adj., (of land) untilled, uncultivated; (mines, &c.) unworked.

inexploré, adj., unexplored.

inexplosible, adj., unexplosive.

inexpressible, adj., unexpressible.

inexpressi-f, -ve, adj., inexpressive, lacking expression.

inexprimable, adj., inexpressible, unutterable, unspeakable.

inexpugnable, adj., inexpugnable, impregnable.

inextensible, adj., inextensible; inextendible.

in extenso (i-nèks-tin-sô), adv., in extenso, fully, at full length.

inextinguible (-gu-i-), adj., inextinguishable, unquenchable. Soif —; quenchless thirst.

in extremis, adv. V. extremis (in).

inextricable, adj., inextricable.

inextricablement, adv., inextricably.

*infaillibilité, n.f., infallibility.

*infaillible, adj., infallible.

*infailliblement, adv., infallibly; without fail; unerringly.

infaisable, adj., impracticable; infeasible; not to be done; impossible.

infalsifiable, adj., unfalsifiable.

infamant, -e, adj., infamous, ignominious, degrading. Peine —e; degrading punishment.

infâme, adj., infamous, base; squalid, sordid, filthy, nasty. D’une manière —; infamously.

infâme, n.m.f., infamous person; wretch, villain.

infamie, n.f., infamy, ignominy; baseness, infamous action.

infant, n.m., -e, n.f., Infante; Infanta (Spanish title).

infanterie (in-fan-trî), n.f., infantry, foot.

infanticide, n.m.f., infanticide, child-murderer.

infanticide, n.m., infanticide; child-murder.

infatigabilité, n.f., indefatigableness.

infatigable, adj., indefatigable, untiring, unwearied.

infatigablement, adv., indefatigably, untiringly.

infatuation, n.f., infatuation.

infatuer, v.a., to infatuate, to bewitch.

s’infatuer, v.r., to be infatuated, bewitched.

infécond, -e, adj., infertile, unfruitful, barren, sterile.

infécondité, n.f., infertility, unfruitfulness, barrenness, sterility.

infect (in-fèkt), -e, adj., infectious; foul, noisome.

infectant, -e, adj., infecting; tainting; offensive.

infecter, v.a., to infect, to taint, to corrupt, to pollute. v.n., to stink.

infection, n.f., stench; infection; infectious disease. Foyer d’—; hotbed of disease; center of infection.

infélicité, n.f., infelicity, unhappiness.

inféodation, n.f., infeudation, infeoffment.

inféoder, v.a., to infeoff; to entail.

s’inféoder, v.r., to be infeoffed or entailed.

infère, adj., (bot.) inferior, lower.

inférer, v.a., to infer, to conclude, to deduce.

inférieur, -e, adj., inferior, subordinate, lower, nether; under, petty, below.

inférieur, n.m., inferior, subordinate, subaltern.

inférieurement (-eur-mān), adv., in an inferior manner or degree.

infériorité, n.f., inferiority.

infermable, adj., unclosable.

infermenté, -e, adj., unfermented.

infernal, -e, adj., infernal, hellish. Pierre —e; lunar caustic.

infernalement, adv., infernally.

infertile, adj., infertile, unfruitful; sterile, barren.

infertilisable, adj., infertilizable.

infertilité, n.f., infertility, unfruitfulness, barrenness.

infester, v.a., to infest, to harass, to annoy; to overrun; to haunt.

infidèle, adj., unfaithful, faithless; untrue, unbelieving; false, disloyal.

infidèle, n.m.f., unfaithful person; infidel, unbeliever.

infidèlement, adv., unfaithfully, faithlessly.

infidélité, n.f., infidelity, unbelief, faithlessness, unfaithfulness; dishonesty, deceitfulness; inaccuracy. Faire des —s à; to be unfaithful to.

infiltration, n.f., infiltration.

s’infiltrer, v.r., to infiltrate; to percolate; (fig.) to spread, to creep.

infime, adj., (of ranks) lowest.

infimité, n.f., lowest degree, depth; lowest state of abjection; nothingness.

infini, -e, adj., infinite, boundless, endless; numberless; immense.

infini, n.m., (n.p.) infinite. À l’—; to infinity, ad infinitum, infinitely; endlessly; indefinitely.

infiniment, adv., infinitely, without end; exceedingly, extremely, very much. Il a — d’esprit; he is exceedingly witty. L’— petit; the infinitesimal.

infinité, n.f., infinity, infiniteness, infinitude; crowd, host, no end of.

infinitésimal, -e, adj., infinitesimal, infinitely small.

infinitif, n.m. and adj., (gram.) infinitive, infinitive mood.

infirmati-f, -ve, adj., annulling, invalidating.

infirmation, n.f., invalidation, annulment.

infirme, n.m.f. and adj., invalid; valetudinarian; infirm, weak, feeble, frail, sickly.

infirmer, v.a., to invalidate, to nullify.

infirmerie, n.f., infirmary; sick-ward; sanatorium.

infirmi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., hospital-attendant; hospital-nurse.

infirmité, n.f., infirmity, weakness, failing.

inflammabilité, n.f., inflammability.

inflammable, adj., inflammable.

inflammation, n.f., inflammation.

inflammatoire, adj., inflammatory.

inflation, n.f., (med.) inflation.

infléchi, -e, adj., (opt.) inflected, bent.

infléchir, v.a., (opt.) to inflect, to bend.

s’infléchir, v.r., (opt.) to be inflected.

infléchissable, adj., (of things) inflexible, unbendable.

inflexe, adj., inflected.

inflexibilité, n.f., inflexibility, inexorableness.

inflexible, adj., inflexible; unrelenting, unbending, inexorable.

inflexiblement, adv., inflexibly, inexorably.

inflexion, n.f., inflection; variation.

inflicti-f, -ve, adj., inflictive.

infliction, n.f., infliction.

infliger, v.a., to inflict, to impose.

s’infliger, v.r., to inflict one’s self; to impose on one’s self. — des privations; to impose privations on one’s self.

inflorescence, n.f., (bot.) inflorescence.

influence, n.f., influence; sway; power. Avoir beaucoup d’— sur; to have great influence over. Avoir de l’—; to be influential; to possess influence.

influencer, v.a., to influence, to sway, to bias. Se laisser —; to let one’s self be biased.

influent, -e, adj., influential.

influenza, n.f., (med.) influenza.

influer, v.n., to influence, to sway; to exert an influence (over); to make an impression.

influx, n.m., (tech.) influx.

influxion, n.f., influxion, influx.

in-folio, n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) folio.

☉infondre, v.a., to infuse.

information, n.f., inquiry; information. Aller aux —s, or prendre des —; to make inquiries.

informe, adj., unformed; shapeless; misshapen; crude, undigested, imperfect; (jur.) informal. Etoiles —s; unformed stars.

informé, n.m., (jur.) investigation, inquiry.

informer, v.a., to inform; to acquaint, to give information, to apprise.

s’informer, v.r., to inquire, to make inquiries; to ask. Il s’est informé de votre santé; he inquired after your health.

informer, v.n., (jur.) to inquire into, to investigate. La justice informe; proceedings have been taken.

informité, n.f., (philos.) shapelessness.

infortiat, n.m., (n.p.) infortiate (second vol. of Justinian’s digest).

infortune, n.f., misfortune, adversity.

infortuné, -e, n. and adj., unfortunate, unhappy, ill-fated, wretched person; unfortunate, unhappy, ill-fated, wretched.

infracteur, n.m., infractor, infringer, breaker, violator.

infraction, n.f., infraction, infringement, breach, violation. Une — à la loi; a breach of the law.

infranchissable, adj., insurmountable, insuperable, impassable.

infrangibilité, n.f., infrangibility.

infrangible, adj., infrangible.

infréquenté, -e, adj., unfrequented.

infructueusement, adv., fruitlessly, to no purpose, in vain.

infructueu-x, -se, adj., unfruitful, fruitless, unavailing.

infus, -e, adj., intuitive, inspired; innate, inborn.

infusé, n.m., (med.) infusion.

infuser, v.a., to infuse, to steep. — à froid; to make a cold infusion.

s’infuser, v.r., to be infused, to draw, to stand (of tea).

infusibilité, n.f., infusibility.

infusible, adj., unfusible.

infusion, n.f., infusion; intuition.

infusoires, n.m.pl. and adj., (zoöl.) infusoria; infusorial, infusory.

*ingagnable, adj., that cannot be won, that cannot be gained.

ingambe, adj., nimble, brisk, active.

s’ingénier, v.r., to strive, to tax one’s ingenuity; to work one’s hardest; to work for all one is worth. Je m’ingénie à le faire; I work my hardest to accomplish it.

ingénieur, n.m., engineer. — civil; civil engineer. — constructeur de vaisseaux; master-shipwright, naval architect. Art de l’—; engineering. — des mines; mining engineer. — des ponts et chaussées; civil engineer (under government) for bridges and roads in France. —-géographe, (—s-—s) geographer. —-opticien, (—s-—s) optician.

ingénieusement, adv., ingeniously.

ingénieu-x, -se, adj., ingenious, intelligent, clever, witty. — à mentir; practised in the art of falsehood.

ingéniosité, n.f., ingenuity, ingeniousness.

ingénu, -e, adj., ingenuous, frank, open, candid.

ingénu, n.m., -e, n.f., ingenuous person, artless person, simple-minded youth or maiden. Jouer les —s; (theat.) to play juvenile parts. Faire l’—; to affect simplicity.

ingénuité, n.f., ingenuousness, frankness, openness, candidness, simplicity.

ingénument, adj., ingenuously, frankly, openly, candidly.

ingerçable, adj., not liable to crack.

ingérence, n.f., interference, meddling, dabbling.

ingérer, v.a., (phys.) to introduce, to ingest.

s’ingérer, v.r., to meddle with, to interfere, to obtrude. S’— dans les affaires d’autrui; to meddle with other people’s business.

ingestion (-jès-ti-on), n.f., (phys.) introduction, ingestion.

in globo, adv., in a lump, altogether.

inglorieusement, adv., ingloriously.

inglorieu-x, -se, adj., inglorious.

ingouvernable, adj., ungovernable.

ingrat, -e, n.m.f. and adj., unthankful, ungrateful, ingrate person; ungrateful, ingrate, unthankful, thankless, unprofitable, unfruitful; sterile; unpleasant.

ingratitude, n.f., ingratitude, thanklessness, piece of ingratitude.

ingrédient (-di-ān), n.m., ingredient.

inguéable, adj., unfordable.

inguérissable, adj., incurable.

inguinal, -e (-gu-i-), adj., inguinal.

ingurgitation, n.f., (med.) ingurgitation.

inhabile, adj., unqualified; incapable, unskillful, unfit.

inhabilement, adv., unskillfully.

inhabileté, n.f., inability, unskillfulness, incompetency, incapacity.

inhabilité, n.f., (jur.) incompetency; disability.

inhabitable, adj., uninhabitable, (of homes) untenanted, tenantless.

inhabité, -e, adj., uninhabited.

inhabitude, n.f., want of habit.

inhalation, n.f., inhalation.

inhaler, v.a., to inhale.

inharmonie, n.f., want of harmony.

inharmonieu-x, -se, adj., inharmonious, unmusical.

inhérence, n.f., inherence.

inhérent, -e, adj., inherent.

☉inhiber, v.a., to inhibit, to forbid.

inhibition, n.f., (jur.) inhibition, prohibition.

inhibitoire, adj., inhibitory.

inhonoré, -e, adj., (l.u.) unhonored.

inhospitali-er, -ère, adj., inhospitable; unfriendly, forbidding.

inhospitalièrement, adv., inhospitably.

inhospitalité, n.f., inhospitality.

inhumain, -e, adj., inhuman, cruel.

inhumainement (i-nu-mè-n-mān), adv., inhumanly.

inhumanité, n.f., inhumanity, cruelty.

inhumation, n.f., inhumation, interment.

inhumer, v.a., to inhume, to bury, to inter.

inimaginable, adj., unimaginable, incomprehensible, inconceivable.

inimitable, adj., inimitable.

inimitablement, adj. inimitably.

inimitié, n.f., enmity, hatred, antipathy, aversion. Avoir de l’— pour; to bear enmity to, to have an aversion to.

inimprimable, adj., unprintable.

ininflammabilité, n.f., uninflammability.

ininflammable, adv., uninflammable.

inintelligence, n.f., lack of intelligence.

inintelligent, adj., unintelligent.

inintelligible, adj., unintelligible.

inintelligiblement, adv., unintelligibly.

ininterrompu, adj., uninterrupted.

inique, adj., iniquitous; unrighteous.

iniquement (i-nik-mān), adv., iniquitously.

iniquité, n.f., iniquity; unrighteousness, sin.

initial, -e, adj., initial.

initiale, n.f., initial.

initiat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., one who initiates, initiator.

initiati-f, -ve, adj., initiatory, initiative.

initiation, n.f., initiation.

initiative, n.f., initiative. Prendre l’—; to take the initiative.

initié, -e, adj., initiated.

initié, n.m., person initiated.

initier, v.a., to initiate, to admit.

injecté, -e, adj., injected; bloodshot, flushed. Yeux —s de sang; bloodshot eyes.

injecter, v.a., to inject. S’—; to become injected, bloodshot.

injecteur, n.m., injector.

injection, n.f., injection, redness.

injonction, n.f., injunction, order. Faire — à; to enjoin.

injouable, adj., unplayable, unactable.

injudicieusement, adv., injudiciously.

injudicieu-x, -se, adj., injudicious.

injure, n.f., insult, injury, wrong. pl., abuse, abusive language, taunt; outrage, slander. Dire des —s à quelqu’un; to call any one names, to abuse any one. Faire — à quelqu’un; to wrong any one. Avoir toujours l’— à la bouche; to be abusive, to be foul-mouthed. Ils se sont dit mille —s; they abused one another like pickpockets.

injurier, v.a., to abuse, to call names, to rail at, to insult.

injurieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., injuriously, wrongfully, abusively, reproachfully, revilingly.

injurieu-x, -se, adj., injurious, wrongful; reproachful, abusive, offensive, reviling.

injuste, adj., unjust, unfair, wrong, wrongful.

injuste, n.m., what is unjust, wrong; unjust person, wrong-doer.

injustement, adv., unjustly, wrongly, wrongfully, unfairly.

injustice, n.f., injustice; wrong, act of injustice.

injustifiable, adj., unjustifiable.

in naturalibus. V. naturalibus (in).

innavigable, adj., unnavigable; unseaworthy.

inné, -e, adj., innate, inborn, inbred.

innégociable, adj., (com.) not negotiable.

innocemment (ino-sa-mān), adv., innocently, harmlessly; simply, sillily, foolishly.

innocence, n.f., innocence, guiltlessness; harmlessness, inoffensiveness; simplicity, silliness.

innocent, -e, adj., innocent, guiltless, guileless; harmless, inoffensive; simple, silly. Il a été reconnu —; he was found not guilty. Se déclarer —; to plead not guilty. Tenir pour —; to hold guiltless.

innocent, n.m., -e, n.f., innocent person; simpleton, idiot. Tourte d’—s; pigeon-pie made with young pigeons. Faire l’—; to sham innocence.

innocenter, v.a., to acquit.

innocuité, n.f., innocuousness, harmlessness.

innombrable, adj., innumerable, numberless, endless.

innombrablement, adv., innumerably, endlessly.

innominé, adj., (anat.) nameless, unnamed.

innommé, adj., (jur.) unnamed, nameless.

innovat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., innovator.

innovation, n.f., innovation.

innover, v.n., to innovate, to make innovations.

inobservable, adj., inobservable.

inobservance, n.f., non-observance, inobservance.

inobservation, n.f., non-observance.

inobservé, -e, adj., unobserved, unnoticed, overlooked.

inoccupation, n.f., inoccupation.

inoccupé, -e, adj., unoccupied, unemployed.

in-octavo, n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) octavo, in octavo, 8vo.

inoculateur, n.m., inoculator. adj., inoculating.

inoculation, n.f., inoculation.

inoculer, v.a., (med.) to inoculate.

s’inoculer, v.r., (med.) to inoculate one’s self; to be inoculated.

☉inoculiste, n.m., partisan of inoculation.

inodore, adj., inodorous, scentless, free from smell. Cabinet —; water-closet.

inoffensi-f, -ve, adj., inoffensive.

inoffensivement, adv., inoffensively.

inofficiel, -le, adj., unofficial.

inofficiellement, adv., unofficially.

inofficieu-x, -se, adj., (jur.) inofficious.

inofficiosité, n.f., (jur.) inofficiousness.

inondation, n.f., inundation, overflow, flood, deluge.

inonder, v.a., to inundate, to overflow, to deluge; to overrun, to overspread, to pour into, to overwhelm.

inopérant, -e, adj., inoperative.

inopiné, -e, adj., unforeseen, unexpected, unlooked for, sudden.

inopinément, adv., unawares, unexpectedly, suddenly.

inopportun, -e, adj., inopportune, unseasonable, untimely, ill-timed.

inopportunément, adv., inopportunely.

inopportunité, n.f., inopportuneness, unseasonableness.

inorganique, adj., inorganical.

inosculation, n.f., (anat.) inosculation, anastomosis.

inostensible, adj., inostensible.

inostensiblement, adv., inostensibly.

inoubliable, adj., not to be forgotten.

inoublié, -e, adv., unforgotten, well-remembered.

inouï, -e, adj., unheard of, unprecedented, extraordinary, strange, wonderful.

inoxydable, adj., which cannot be oxygenized.

in pace, n.m., (—) in peace.

in-partibus. V. partibus (in).

in petto, (-pèt-to) adv., in petto, in secret.

in-plano, n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) broadside.

in-promptu, n.m. V. impromptu.

inqualifiable, adj., that cannot be qualified; for which no name is too bad.

inquart, n.m., (chem.) quartation.

in-quarto, (-kooar-), n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) quarto, in quarto, 4to.

inqui-et, -ète, adj., unquiet, anxious, uneasy; restless, fidgety.

inquiétant, -e, adj., alarming, disquieting.

inquiéter, v.a., to make uneasy, to disquiet; to disturb, to trouble, to alarm.

s’inquiéter, v.r., to be anxious, to be uneasy, to make one’s self uneasy, to alarm one’s self.

inquiétude, n.f., anxiety, uneasiness, disquietude, alarm, fear; solicitude, restlessness; slight pains, uneasy feeling. Donner de l’— à; to make uneasy. Il est sans — sur l’avenir; he is without anxiety about the future. Soyez sans — là-dessus; make yourself easy on that score. Avoir des —s; to be uneasy.

inquisiteur, n.m., inquisitor.

inquisition, n.f., inquisition.

inquisitorial, -e, adj., inquisitorial.

insaisissable, adj., unseizable; imperceptible; (jur.) not distrainable.

insalubre, adj., insalubrious, unhealthy, unwholesome.

insalubrement, adv., insalubriously.

insalubrité, n.f., insalubrity, unhealthiness, unwholesomeness.

insanité, n.f., insanity.

insatiabilité, n.f., insatiability.

insatiable, adj., insatiable.

insatiablement, adv., insatiably.

insciemment, adv., unwittingly, unknowingly.

inscription, n.f., inscription; registry, entry; term (of schools); (fin.) stock-receipt; inscribing. — hypothécaire; registry of mortgage. — de faux; allegation of forgery. Avoir toutes ses —s; (of students) to have kept all one’s terms. Prendre ses —s; to enter one’s name for the (university) terms.

inscrire, v.a., to inscribe, to enter, to set down; to register; to impanel (jury).

s’inscrire, v.r., to inscribe one’s self; to enter one’s name. S’— en faux contre; to deny the truth of, to protest against.

inscrutabilité, n.f., inscrutability; unsearchableness.

inscrutable, adj., inscrutable, unfathomable.

inscrutablement, adv., inscrutably.

insécable, adj., insecable, indivisible.

insecte, n.m., insect.

insecticide, adj., insect-destroying.

insectivore, adj., insectivorous.

insécurité, n.f., insecurity.

in-seize, n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) sixteen, in sixteen, 16mo.

insensé, -e, n.m.f. and adj., insane, madman, madwoman; maniac; unwise person; fool; insane, mad; foolish, senseless.

insensibilité, n.f., insensibility, unconsciousness, unfeelingness.

insensible, adj., insensible, unconscious, unfeeling; hard-hearted; imperceptible.

insensiblement, adv., insensibly, imperceptibly, gradually, by degrees.

inséparabilité, n.f., inseparableness.

inséparable, adj., inseparable.

inséparablement, adv., inseparably.

inséparables, n.m.f.pl., great chums; (orni.) love-birds.

insérer, v.a., to insert, to put in, to wedge in.

insermenté, adj., unsworn.

insertion, n.f., insertion.

insidieusement, (-eûz-mān) adv., insidiously.

insidieu-x, -se, adj., insidious.

*insigne, adj., signal, high, notorious, arrant, downright. L’— honneur; the high honor.

insigne, n.m., badge, mark. pl., insignia.

*insignifiance, n.f., insignificance.

*insignifiant, -e, adj., insignificant.

insincère, adj., insincere.

insinuant, -e, adj., insinuating.

insinuatif, -ve, adj., (l.u.) insinuating.

insinuation, n.f., insinuation; hint, innuendo, suggestion, intimation; ☉(jur.) registration.

insinuer, v.a., to insinuate; to hint, to suggest; to instill, to intimate.

s’insinuer, v.r., to insinuate, to introduce one’s self (in), to creep (into), to worm one’s self (into), to steal (into).

insipide, adj., insipid, tasteless, unsavory, dull, flat.

insipidement (-pid-mān), adv., insipidly; dully, heavily.

insipidité, n.f., insipidity, insipidness, unsavoriness, tastelessness; dullness.

insistance, n.f., insistence, insisting, entreaty; urgent request.

insister, v.n., to insist; to persist, to urge, to press, to lay stress (upon). Il insiste à demander; he persists in demanding.

insociabilité, n.f., unsociableness.

insociable, adj., unsociable.

insociablement, adv., unsociably.

insocial, -e, adj., unsocial.

insolation, n.f., insolation; sun-stroke.

insolemment (-la-mān), adv., insolently, impudently, saucily.

insolence, n.f., insolence, impertinence, sauciness, incivility, rudeness.

insolent, -e, adj. and n., insolent, rude, pert, saucy, impudent; insolent person.

insolidité, n.f., insolidity.

insolite, adj., unusual, unwonted.

insolitement, adv., unusually.

insolubilité, n.f., insolubility.

insoluble, adj., insoluble.

insolvabilité, n.f., insolvency.

insolvable, adj., insolvent.

insomnie (in-som-nî), n.f., sleeplessness, wakefulness; insomnia. Heures d’—; sleepless nights.

insondable, adj., unfathomable; fathomless.

insouciance, n.f., carelessness, thoughtlessness, heedlessness, listlessness.

insouciant, -e, adj., careless, thoughtless, heedless, listless, indifferent.

insoucieu-x, -se, adj., careless, free from care.

insoumis, n.m., (milit. jur.) defaulting recruit, defaulter.

insoumis, -e, adj., unsubdued, refractory; unruly.

insoumission, n.f., insubordination.

insoutenable, adj., indefensible, insupportable, unbearable, untenable.

inspecter, v.a., to inspect, to survey; to superintend, to supervise.

inspect-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., inspector, superintendent, surveyor.

inspection, n.f., inspection, survey; superintendence; view, sight. Passer à l’—; (milit.) to undergo inspection. À la première —; at first sight. Faire l’— de; to examine, to survey, to inspect.

inspirat-eur, -rice, adj. and n., inspiring, suggesting; (anat.) inspiratory; inspirer.

inspirateur, n.m., (anat.) inspiratory muscle.

inspiration, n.f., inspiration, suggestion; inhaling.

inspiré, n.m., -e, n.f., person inspired.

inspirer, v.a., to inspire; to breathe; to inhale; (fig.) to suggest, to prompt; to instill; to advise.

instabilité, n.f., instability, fickleness.

instable, adj., unstable, fickle.

installation, n.f., installation; installment; induction (to a living).

installer, v.a., to install, to induct.

s’installer, v.r., to install one’s self; to place one’s self (in), to settle.

instamment (ins-ta-mān), adv., earnestly, urgently.

instance, n.f., entreaty, solicitation, urgency, earnestness; (jur.) instance. pl., urgency. Faire de grandes, de vives, —s; to entreat earnestly. Avec —; earnestly. En —; (jur.) on the cause-list. Tribunal de première —; inferior court.

instant, n.m., instant, moment, trice. A l’—; instantly, immediately. Dans un —; in an instant. Je reviens à l’—; I shall go back immediately.

instant, -e, adj., earnest, pressing, urgent.

instantané, -e, adj., instantaneous.

instantanéité, n.f., instantaneousness.

instantanément, adv., instantaneously.

instar, adv., like. À l’— de; like; in imitation of.

instigat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., instigator, inciter. adj., instigating, inciting.

instigation, n.f., instigation.

instillation (-til-la-), n.f., instillation.

instiller (ins-til-lé), v.a., to instill.

instinct (-tin), n.m., instinct. D’— or par —; instinctively.

instincti-f, -ve, adj., instinctive.

instinctivement, adv., instinctively.

institué, n.m., (jur.) tenant in tail.

instituer, v.a., to institute, to establish, to settle, to found, to appoint, to originate. S’—; to institute one’s self; to be appointed.

institut, n.m., institution, order, institute.

institutes, n.f.pl., (jur.) institutes.

institut-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., institutor, tutor; governess; schoolmaster; schoolmistress.

institution, n.f., institution, establishment; school, seminary; (jur.) settlement. — de demoiselles; seminary for young ladies. Chef d’—; head of an academy or school. Maîtresse d’—; lady-principal.

instructeur, n.m. and adj., (milit.) instructor; (l.u.) instructor. Sergent —; drill-sergeant. Juge —; examining magistrate.

instructi-f, -ve, adj., instructive.

instruction, n.f., instruction; education; information, attainments; lesson; direction; (jur.) inquiry, examination. Avoir de l’—; to be well educated. —s détaillées; particular instructions. Sans —; untaught, uneducated. Donner des —s; to give directions. Juge d’—; examining magistrate.

instruire (instruisant, instruit), v.a., to instruct, to teach, to inform, to apprise, to acquaint; to train; (jur.) to investigate, to examine, to proceed.

s’instruire, v.r., to instruct, to inform, to improve, one’s self; (jur.) to form the subject of an inquiry, to be under examination, to be heard (of a case).

instruisable, adj., (l.u.) teachable.

instruit, -e, part., instructed; informed; learned, well informed, aware.

instrument, n.m., instrument, document; implement, tool; underling. — tranchant; edge-tool. —s aratoires; agricultural implements. Servir d’—; to be instrumental (in).

instrumentaire, adj., (jur.) required by law. Témoin —; witness (required by law) to a deed.

instrumental, -e, adj., instrumental.

instrumentation, n.f., (mus.) instrumentation.

instrumenter, v.n., (jur.) to act; to draw up deeds, indentures, etc.; to serve writs; to compose instrumental music.

instrumentiste, n.m., instrumentalist.

à l’insu, prep., unknown to. À mon —, à votre —; unknown to me, unknown to you; unknowingly, unwittingly, unconsciously. A l’— de son père; unknown to his father.

insubmersible, adj., unsinkable.

insubordination, n.f., insubordination.

insubordonné, -e, adj., insubordinate.

insuccès, n.m., failure, want of success.

insuffisamment, adv., insufficiently.

insuffisance, n.f., insufficiency, incapacity.

insuffisant, -e, adj., insufficient, inadequate.

insufflation, n.f., insufflation.

insuffler, v.a., (med.) to breathe in.

insulaire, n.m.f. and adj., islander; insular; native (of an island).

insularité, n.f., insularity.

insultant, -e, adj., insulting.

insulte, n.f., insult, affront, abuse. Avec —; insultingly. Faire une — à quelqu’un; to offer an insult to any one. Supporter une —; to brook an insult.

insulter, v.a.n., to insult, to affront; to abuse.

insupportable, adj., insupportable, insufferable, intolerable.

insupportablement, adv., insupportably, insufferably, intolerably.

insurgé, -e, part., insurgent; in a state of insurrection.

insurgé, n.m., insurgent, rebel.

insurgence, n.f., insurrection.

s’insurger, v.r., to revolt, to rebel, to rise in insurrection; (fig.) to protest against.

insurmontable, adj., insurmountable, insuperable, invincible.

insurmontablement, adv., insurmountably, insuperably.

insurrection, n.f., insurrection, rising.

insurrectionnel, -le, adj., insurrectionary.

intact (in-takt), -e, adj., intact, entire, whole, untouched; unblemished, untainted, irreproachable.

intactile, adj., intangible, intactile.

*intaille, n.f., (engr.) intaglio.

intangibilité, n.f., intangibility.

intangible, adj., intangible, untouchable.

intarissable, adj., inexhaustible, endless; never-failing.

intégral, -e, adj., integral, whole, entire.

intégrale, n.f., (math.) integral, fluent.

intégralement (-gral-mān), adv., integrally, entirely, wholly; in full.

intégralité, n.f., integrality, completeness.

intégrant, -e, adj., integral, integrant.

intégration, n.f., (math.) integration.

intègre, adj., honest, upright, just.

intégrement, adv., honestly, uprightly.

intégrer, v.a., (math.) to integrate.

intégrité, n.f., integrity, uprightness, probity; soundness; entireness.

intellect (in-tèl-lèkt), n.m., intellect, understanding.

intellecti-f, -ve, adj., intellective.

intellectuel, -le, adj., intellectual.

intellectuellement, adv., intellectually.

intelligence (-tèl-li-), n.f., intellect; intelligence; understanding; knowledge; good understanding, harmony; acquaintance, intercourse; correspondence; means of information; spirit, spiritual being; skill, ability. En bonne — avec; on good terms with. Être d’—; to be in league with; to go hand in hand. — étroite; narrow intellect.

intelligent, -e (-tèl-li-), adj., intelligent, sharp, shrewd, clever, quick.

intelligibilité (-tèl-li-), n.f., intelligibility, intelligibleness.

intelligible (-tèl-li-), adj., intelligible; audible; distinct, clear.

intelligiblement (-tèl-li-), adv., intelligibly, audibly, clearly.

intempéramment (-ra-mān), adv., intemperately, immoderately.

intempérance, n.f., intemperance, insobriety, excess.

intempérant, -e, adj., intemperate.

intempéré, -e, adj., intemperate.

intempérie, n.f., inclemency, intemperance.

intempesti-f, -ve, adj., unseasonable, untimely.

intempestivement, adv., unseasonably.

intenable, adj., untenable.

intendance, n.f., administration, direction, management, superintendence; stewardship; the office, the house, of an intendant; (milit.) commissariat.

intendant, n.m., intendant, steward; commissioner, commissary, comptroller; (milit.) commissary. — de la liste civile; comptroller of the civil list.

intendante, n.f., directress.

intense, adj., intense, violent, severe.

intensité, n.f., intensity, intenseness; violence, severity.

intensivement, adv., intensely.

intenter, v.a., to enter (upon); to bring (against); to commence. — une action à or contre quelqu’un; to bring an action against any one.

intention, n.f., intention; intent, purpose, design; meaning; view. — présumée criminelle; implied malice. À l’— de; on account of. Dans l’— de; with a view to. Sans —; unintentionally. Avec —; on purpose. L’— est réputée pour le fait; the will is as good as the deed. Avoir l’— de; to intend to. À mon —, à votre —, etc.; for my sake, for your sake, etc.; my or your benefit.

intentionné, -e, adj., intentioned, disposed, meaning. Une personne bien —e; a well-intentioned, disposed, or meaning, person.

intentionnel, -le, adj., intentional.

intercadence, n.f., (med.) irregular beating of the pulse.

intercadent, adj., irregular (of the pulse).

intercalaire, adj., intercalary. Jour —; intercalary day. Vers —s; burden (of a song).

intercalation, n.f., intercalation.

intercaler, v.a., to intercalate.

intercéder, v.n., to intercede, to plead with or for.

intercepter, v.a., to intercept.

interception, n.f., (phys.) interception.

intercesseur, n.m., intercessor, interceder.

intercession, n.f., intercession.

intercostal, -e, adj., (anat.) intercostal.

intercurrent, -e, adj., (med.) intercurrent.

intercutané, -e, adj., intercutaneous.

interdiction, n.f., interdiction, inhibition, prohibition; suspension; laying under an interdict; deprivation (of civil rights). Frapper d’—; to lay under an interdict.

interdire, v.a., to interdict, to prohibit, to forbid; to suspend; to amaze, to confound, to dumfound, to stupefy; to nonplus; (jur.) to declare a man non compos mentis. — l’entrée à quelqu’un; to shut any one out or refuse any one admission.

interdit, -e, part., abashed, confused, dumfounded, taken aback.

interdit, n.m., interdict, person interdicted. Mettre en —; to taboo.

intéressant, -e, adj., interesting.

intéressé, -e, part., interested, having an interest (in); selfish.

intéressé, n.m., interested party.

intéresser, v.a., to interest; to concern; to affect; to give a share to; to stake money on; (surg.) to injure. Cela ne vous intéresse en rien; that does not concern or affect you in the least.

s’intéresser, v.r., to take an interest in, to be interested, to be concerned for; to have an interest, to be concerned (in).

intérêt, n.m., interest, concern, share. pl., interest; selfishness. Avoir un — à; to have an interest, a share, in. Il est de mon — de le faire; it is to my interest to do it. Il y va de mon —; my interest is at stake. Favoriser les —s de quelqu’un; to promote any one’s interest. C’est l’— qui nous guide; it is interest that guides us. Cet argent porte —; this money bears interest. — composé; compound interest. Prendre — à or se prendre d’— pour; to take interest in.

interférence, n.f., (opt.) interference.

interférer, v.n., (opt.) to interfere.

interfoliacé, -e, adj., interfoliaceous, interleaved.

interfolier, v.a., to interleave.

intérieur, -e, adj., interior, internal, inner, inward; intrinsic; inland.

intérieur, n.m., interior, inside, home, private life. Ministre de l’—; Home Secretary. Dans son —; in private life. Tableau d’—; scene of home-life. Ville de l’—; inland town. Nous nous avançâmes dans l’—; we went inland.

intérieurement, adv., inwardly, internally.

intérim (-rim), n.m., interim. Dans l’—; in the interim; in the interval, meanwhile.

intérimaire, adj., provisional, temporary.

interjection, n.f., (gram.) interjection; (jur.) lodging (of an appeal).

interjeter, v.a., (jur.) to lodge (an appeal).

*interligne, n.f., (print.) lead.

*interligne, n.m., (mus.) space; space between two written or printed lines.

*interligner, v.a., to space out, to interline; (print.) to lead.

interlinéaire, adj., interlineary.

interlinéation, n.f., interlineation.

interlinéer, v.a., to interline.

interlocut-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., interlocutor, speaker.

interlocution, n.f., interlocution, dialogue.

interlocutoire, n.m. and adj., (jur.) interlocutory decree; interlocutory. Arrêt —; interlocutory judgment or decree.

interlope, adj., interloping, intrusive, contraband; fraudulent, clandestine.

interlope, n.m., interloper, interloping trade, smuggling.

interloquer, v.a., to nonplus; to disconcert; to silence; (fam.) to shut up.

intermaxillaire, adj., (anat.) intermaxillary.

intermède, n.m., interlude; (chem.) intermediate.

intermédiaire, adj., intermediate, intervening; lying between.

intermédiaire, n.m., medium, intermediate agent, middleman. Par l’— de; through the medium of.

intermédiat, -e, adj., intermediate.

interminable, adj., interminable, endless.

intermission, n.f., intermission.

intermittence, n.f., intermission; cessation; intermittent character of.

intermittent, -e, adj., intermittent.

intermonde, n.m., intermundane space.

intermusculaire, adj., (anat.) intermuscular.

internat, n.m., boarding-school; house-surgeoncy (of hospitals).

international, -e, adj., international.

interne, n.m.f., (of schools) boarder; (of hospitals) house-surgeon; clinical clerk.

interne, adj., internal, inward, interior; indoor. Elève —; boarder (in school).

interner, v.a., to shut up, to send into, to confine (in the interior of a country); to intern; to banish, to relegate.

internissable, adj., that cannot be tarnished or sullied.

internonce, n.m., internuncio.

interocéanique, adj., interoceanic.

interoculaire, adj., interocular.

interosseu-x, -se, adj., (anat.) interosseous.

interpellat-eur, n.m., -rice (-pèl-la-), n.f., interpellator; questioner.

interpellation (-pèl-la-), n.f., interpellation, summons; question (in parliament).

interpeller (-pèl-lé), v.a., to summon, to call upon, to require, to challenge, to question, to put a question to.

interpolateur, n.m., interpolator.

interpolation, n.f., interpolation.

interpoler, v.a., to interpolate, to foist, to insert.

interposé, -e, part., interposed.

interposer, v.a., to interpose.

s’interposer, v.r., to interpose, to come between.

interposition, n.f., interposition; intervention.

interprétati-f, -ve, adj., interpretative.

interprétation, n.f., interpretation, construction. — erronée; misconstruction. Donner une mauvaise — à; to misconstrue.

interprète, n.m., interpreter, expounder; expositor, translator.

interpréter, v.a., to interpret, to expound; to explain, to render, to construe. S’—; to be interpreted.

*interrègne (-tèr-rè-), n.m., interregnum.

interrogant, adj., (l.u.) (gram.) interrogative, of interrogation; questioning, inquisitive. Point —; note of interrogation.

interrogat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., interrogator, questioner, examiner.

interrogati-f, -ve, adj., interrogative.

interrogation, n.f., interrogation, question. Point d’—; note of interrogation.

interrogatoire, n.m., examination. Subir un —; to undergo an examination. — contradictoire; cross-examination.

interroger, v.a., to interrogate, to question; to consult, to examine. — l’histoire; to consult history. — contradictoirement; to cross-examine.

s’interroger, v.r., to examine one’s self or one’s conscience; to question each other.

interroi (-tèr-roa), n.m., (antiq.) regent.

interrompre, v.a., to interrupt, to leave off, to break off; to stop, to suspend.

s’interrompre, v.r., to interrupt one’s self, to leave off, to break off.

interrupt-eur, -rice, n. and adj., interrupter; interrupting.

interruption, n.f., interruption, discontinuance; suspension, intermission.

intersection, n.f., intersection.

interstellaire (-stĕl-lĕr), adj., (astron.) interstellar.

interstice, n.m., interstice, opening, chink.

intertropical, adj., intertropical.

intervalle, n.m., interval, interstice, distance; space, room. Par —s; at intervals.

intervenant, -e, n. and adj., (jur.) intervening party; intervening.

intervenir, v.n., to intervene, to interfere; to interpose; to happen, to occur. Faire —; to bring, to call, in.

intervention, n.f., intervention, interference.

interversion, n.f., inversion.

intervertir, v.a., to invert, to change, to reverse.

intestable, adj., (jur.) intestable.

intestat, n.m. and adj. invariable, (jur.) intestate. Héritier ab —; heir of one that dies intestate.

intestin, n.m., intestine, bowel, gut.

intestin, -e, adj., intestine, internal, domestic, civil.

intestinal, -e, adj., (anat.) intestinal.

intimation, n.f., intimation, notification; legal notice.

intime, n.m.f. and adj., intimate, familiar; inmost, inward; deep, secret; close.

intimé, n.m., -e, n.f., (jur.) appellee.

intimement (-tim-mān), adv., intimately; familiarly, deeply, closely.

intimer, v.a., to notify, to give legal notice of, to give notice of appeal; to summon, to convoke, to enjoin. On lui intima l’ordre de partir; they notified to him the order to depart.

intimidat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., intimidator; intimidating.

intimidation, n.f., intimidation.

intimider, v.a., to intimidate, to threaten; to frighten, to confuse.

s’intimider, v.r., to be intimidated, to be nervous, to become confused.

intimité, n.f., intimacy, close connection, inmost recesses.

intitulé, -e, part., entitled.

intitulé, n.m., title (of deeds, books).

intituler, v.a., to entitle, to call, to name.

s’intituler, v.r., to entitle one’s self, to call one’s self, to style one’s self.

intolérable, adj., intolerable, insufferable.

intolérablement, adv., intolerably, insufferably.

intolérance, n.f., intolerance.

intolérant, -e, adj., intolerant.

intolérantisme, n.m., system of intolerance.

intonation, n.f., intonation.

intorsion, n.f., intorsion.

intoxicant, -e, adj., poisonous.

intoxication, n.f., (med.) poisoning.

intrados, n.m., n.f., (arch.) intrados (interior part of a vault).

intraduisible, adj., untranslatable.

intraitable, adj., untractable, ungovernable, unmanageable, unruly, difficult; refractory.

intra-muros, adv., inside a town.

intransigeant, n.m., ultra-republican.

intransiti-f, -ve (-zi-), adj., (gram.) intransitive.

intransitivement, adv., intransitively.

intransparence, n.f., intransparency.

intransportable, adj., untransportable.

intrant, n.m., in the University of Paris, the name formerly given to him who appointed the Rector.

intraversable, adj., impassable, not to be crossed.

in-trente-deux, n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) in thirty-two; 32mo.

intrépide, adj., intrepid, dauntless, undaunted, fearless, resolute; bold.

intrépidement (-pi-dmān), adv., intrepidly, fearlessly.

intrépidité, n.f., intrepidity, dauntlessness, boldness, undauntedness, fearlessness.

intrigant, -e, adj. and n., intriguing; intriguer; trimmer.

intrigue (in-trig), n.f., intrigue; scrape, difficulty; plot. — accessoire; under-plot. Démêler, dénouer, une —; to unravel an intrigue, a plot.

intrigué, -e, part., puzzled, perplexed.

intriguer (-ghé), v.a., to puzzle, to perplex.

s’intriguer, v.r., to intrigue; to take pains, to rack one’s brains, to strive hard.

intriguer, v.n., to intrigue, to plot.

intrigueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., intriguer, plotter.

intrinsèque, adj., intrinsic, intrinsical.

intrinsèquement (-sèk-mān), adv., intrinsically.

introduct-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., introducer.

introducti-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) of the first process, introductory.

introduction, n.f., introduction; preamble; (jur.) previous proceedings.

introductoire, adj., introductory, preliminary.

introduire (introduisant, introduit), v.a., to introduce, to show in, to bring, to bring in; to conduct; to put, to put in, to let in. — adroitement; to shuffle (anyone) in. — imperceptiblement; to slip (anyone) in. — de force; to thrust (anyone) in.

s’introduire, v.r., to introduce one’s self; to get in, to gain admittance; to enter; to be introduced, to be brought in; to intrude, to intrude one’s self. S’— partout; to intrude everywhere.

introït (-it), n.m., (c.rel.) introit.

intromission, n.f., (phys.) intromission.

intronisation, n.f., enthroning (of bishops).

introniser, v.a., to install; to enthrone.

introspection, n.f., introspection.

introuvable, adj., undiscoverable, not to be found, unfindable.

introuvé, -e, part., unfound.

intrus, -e, part. and n., intruded, obtruded; intruder.

intrusion, n.f., intrusion.

intuiti-f, -ve, adj., intuitive.

intuition, n.f., intuition.

intuitivement (-ti-vmān), adv., intuitively.

intumescence (-mès-sans), n.f., intumescence.

intumescent, -e, adj., intumescent.

intussusception, n.f., (med., physiology) intussusception, introsusception.

inule, n.f., (bot.) inula.

inuline, n.f., (chem.) inuline.

inusable, adj., that will not wear out; durable, everlasting.

inusité, -e, adj., unused, not in use, obsolete; antiquated; unusual.

inutile, adj., useless, fruitless, profitless; unnecessary; unavailing, unavailable, needless, unserviceable, vain, of no use.

inutilement (-til-mān), adv., uselessly, fruitlessly, unprofitably, to no purpose, vainly, needlessly.

inutilisable, adj., that cannot be utilized; worthless, profitless.

inutilisé, -e, adj., unutilized.

inutilité, n.f., inutility, uselessness, fruitlessness, unprofitableness; useless thing.

invacillant, -e, adj., non-flickering, steady.

invagination, n.f., (med.) intussusception, invagination.

invaincu, -e, adj., unvanquished, unconquered.

invalidation, n.f., invalidation.

invalide, adj., invalid; infirm; (milit., nav.) disabled; (jur.) void, not valid, without force, without effect.

invalide, n.m. and f., invalid; (milit.) pensioner. — externe; out-pensioner. Hôtel des Invalides; the Chelsea Hospital of France (i.e., for disabled soldiers or sailors).

invalidement (-lid-mān), adv., invalidly, without force, without effect.

invalider, v.a., to invalidate, to make void; to vitiate, to annul.

invalidité, n.f., invalidity, nullity.

invariabilité, n.f., invariableness, invariability, unchangeableness, constancy.

invariable, adj., invariable, unchangeable, unalterable. Mot —; indeclinable word.

invariablement, adv., invariably, unchangeably, unalterably.

invasion, n.f., invasion; inroad; irruption.

invective, n.f., invective. — sanglante; bitter invective.

invectiver, v.n., to inveigh.

invendable, adj., unsalable.

invendu, -e, adj., (com.) unsold.

inventaire, n.m., inventory. Bénéfice d’—; (jur.) non-liability to debts beyond assets stated in inventory. Faire l’— de; to take the inventory of. Faire l’— des fonds en magasin; (com.) to take stock.

inventer, v.a., to invent, to find out, to contrive, to devise; to imagine, to forge, to fabricate. Il n’a pas inventé la poudre; he will never set the Thames on fire.

invent-eur, -rice, n. and adj., inventor, contriver, deviser.

inventi-f, -ve, adj., inventive.

invention, n.f., invention, contrivance; ingenuity; device, trick; fiction, untruth, falsehood. Brevet d’—; patent. Vivre d’—; to live upon one’s wits.

inventorier, v.a., to inventory, to draw up an inventory of; to schedule, to catalogue.

inversable, adj., that cannot be upset or overturned.

inverse, adj., inverse, inverted. En raison —; in inverse ratio. En sens —; in the contrary direction. Être en raison — de; to be in inverse ratio to.

inverse, n.m., reverse, contrary. Faire juste l’—; to do just the contrary, to do the reverse. En raison — (de); in inverse ratio (to). En sens —; in a contrary direction.

inversement, adv., inversely.

inversion, n.f., (gram.) inversion.

invertébré, -e, adj. and n., invertebrate.

inverti, -e, adj., inversed, reversed.

investigat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., investigator, explorer; investigating, searching; scrutinizing, inquiring.

investigation, n.f., investigation, inquiry. Faire des —s dans; to make inquiries into.

investir, v.a., to invest; to surround, to block up, to lay siege to; to put in possession.

investissement (-tis-mān), n.m., (milit.) investment.

investiture, n.f., investiture.

invétéré, -e, part., inveterate.

s’invétérer, v.r., to grow inveterate, to become inveterate or chronic (of disease). Cette maladie s’est invétérée; this disorder has become chronic.

invincibilité, n.f., invincibleness.

invincible, adj., invincible, insuperable, unconquerable, insurmountable.

invinciblement, adv., invincibly, insuperably, unconquerably, insurmountably.

in-vingt-quatre, n.m. and adj., (—) (print.) in twenty-four, 24mo.

inviolabilité, n.f., inviolability.

inviolable, adj., inviolable, inviolate.

inviolablement, adv., inviolably.

inviolé, -e, adj., inviolate.

invisibilité, n.f., invisibility, invisibleness.

invisible, adj., invisible.

invisiblement, adv., invisibly.

invitation, n.f., invitation.

invitatoire, n.m., (c.rel.) invitatory.

invite, n.f., call for trumps.

invité, n.m., -e, n.f., guest.

inviter, v.a., to invite, to bid, to beg, to engage, to urge; to allure, to incite, to attract, to tempt. — à dîner; to ask to dinner. S’—; to invite each other.

invocation, n.f., invocation.

involontaire, adj., involuntary.

involontairement (-tèr-mā), adv., involuntarily.

involucral, -e, adj., (bot.) involucral.

involucre, n.m., (bot.) involucre; cover, husk.

involuti-f, -ve, adj., (bot.) involute, involuted.

involution, n.f., (jur.) involvement, complication.

invoquer, v.a., to invoke, to call upon, to cry unto, to plead; to appeal to.

invraisemblable, adj., unlikely, improbable.

invraisemblablement, adv., improbably.

invraisemblance, n.f., unlikelihood, improbability; unlikely thing.

invulnérabilité, n.f., invulnerability, invulnerableness.

invulnérable, adj., invulnerable.

invulnérablement, adv., invulnerably.

iode, n.m., (chem.) iodine.

iodé, -e, adj., (chem.) iodized.

iodeux, adj., (chem.) iodous.

iodique, adj., (chem.) iodic.

iodure, n.m., (chem.) ioduret, iodide.

ioduré, -e, adj., (chem.) iodureted, containing an iodide.

ionien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Ionian, Ionic.

ionien, n.m., Ionic.

ionique, adj., Ionic. L’ordre —; the Ionic order.

iota, n.m., iota; jot, tittle.

iotacisme, n.m., (gram.) frequent recurrence of the letter i.

ipécacuana, n.m., ipecacuanha.

ipso facto, adv., by the very fact.

iranien, -ne, adj., (philology) iranic.

irascibilité, n.f., irascibility, irritability.

irascible, adj., irascible, irritable.

☉ire, n.f., wrath, anger, ire.

iridium, n.m., (n.p.) (chem.) iridium.

iridescence, n.f., iridescence.

iridescent, -e, adj., iridescent.

iris (i-ris), n.m., iris, rainbow; (anat.) iris; (bot.) iris, iris-root, orris. Pois d’—; issue-pea. Poudre d’—; powdered orris-root.

irisé, -e, adj., rainbow-colored, irised, variegated; iridescent.

irlandais, -e, n. and adj., Irishman, Irishwoman; Irish.

irlandais, n.m., Irish language.

ironie, n.f., irony, mockery, raillery.

ironique, adj., ironic, ironical.

ironiquement, adv., ironically, sneeringly.

iroquois, n.m., Iroquois; lout.

irrachetable (ir-rash-tabl), adj., unredeemable.

irradiation (ir-ra-), n.f., irradiation.

irradier (ir-ra-), v.n., to irradiate, to emit rays.

irraisonnable (ir-rè-), adj., irrational.

irraisonnablement (ir-rè-), adv., irrationally.

irrationnel, -le, adj., irrational.

irrationnellement, adv., irrationally.

irréalisable, adj., unrealizable.

irréconciliable (ir-ré), adj., irreconcilable.

irréconciliablement (ir-ré-), adv., irreconcilably.

irréconcilié, -e (ir-ré-), adj., unreconciled.

irrécouvrable, adj., irrecoverable.

irrécusable (ir-ré-), adj., unexceptionable, unobjectionable; undeniable.

irrécusablement, adv., unexceptionably; unobjectionably, undeniably.

irréductibilité (ir-ré-), n.f., irreducibleness.

irréductible (ir-ré-), adj., irreducible.

irréfléchi, -e (ir-ré-), adj., thoughtless, heedless, inconsiderate, unguarded.

irréflexion (ir-ré-), n.f., thoughtlessness, heedlessness, inconsiderateness.

irréformable (ir-ré-), adj., unchangeable, irrevocable; irreclaimable.

irréfragable (ir-ré-), adj., irrefragable, irrefutable.

irréfragablement (ir-ré-), adv., irrefragably, undeniably, irrefutably.

irréfutable (ir-ré-), adj., irrefutable.

irréfuté, adj., unrefuted, not disproved.

irrégularité (ir-ré-), n.f., irregularity.

irréguli-er, -ère (ir-ré-), adj., irregular; (math.) scalene.

irrégulièrement (ir-ré-), adv., irregularly.

irréligieusement (ir-ré-), adv., irreligiously, profanely.

irréligieu-x, -se (ir-ré-), adj., irreligious.

irréligion (ir-ré-), n.f., irreligion.

irrémédiable (ir-ré-), adj., irremediable, not to be remedied, helpless, irretrievable.

irrémédiablement (ir-ré-), adv., irremediably; irrecoverably, irretrievably.

irrémissible (ir-ré-), adj., irremissible, unpardonable.

irrémissiblement (ir-ré-), adv., irremissibly, unpardonably.

irréparable (ir-ré-), adj., irreparable, irretrievable, irrecoverable.

irréparablement (ir-ré-), adv., irreparably, irretrievably, irrecoverably.

irrépréhensible (ir-ré), adj., irreprehensible, irreproachable, irreprovable.

irrépréhensiblement (ir-ré-), adv., irreprehensibly, irreproachably, irreprovably.

irrépressible, adj., irrepressible.

irréprochable (ir-ré-), adj., irreproachable, irreprovable, unexceptionable.

irréprochablement (ir-ré-), adv., irreproachably, irreprovably, unexceptionably.

irrésistibilité (ir-ré-), n.f., irresistibility.

irrésistible (ir-ré-), adj., irresistible.

irrésistiblement (ir-ré-), adv., irresistibly.

irrésolu, -e (ir-ré-), adj., irresolute, wavering, undetermined; unsolved.

irrésoluble (ir-ré-), adj., irresolvable.

irrésolument (ir-ré-), adv., irresolutely.

irrésolution (ir-ré-), n.f., irresolution, indecision.

irrespectueusement, adv., disrespectfully.

irrespectueu-x, -se, adj., disrespectful.

irrespirable, adj., irrespirable, unbreathable.

irresponsabilité, n.f., irresponsibility.

irresponsable, adj., irresponsible.

irrévéremment (ir-ré-vé-ra-mān), adv., irreverently.

irrévérence, n.f., irreverence, disrespect.

irrévérencieu-x, -se, adj., irreverent; disrespectful.

irrévérent, -e, adj., irreverent.

irrévocabilité (ir-ré-), n.f., irrevocableness.

irrévocable, adj., irrevocable.

irrévocablement, adv., irrevocably.

irrévoqué, adj., unrevoked; unrepealed.

irrigable, adj., that can be irrigated.

irrigateur, n.m., watering-engine; garden-engine.

irrigation (ir-ri-), n.f., irrigation.

irriguer, v.a., to irrigate, to water.

irritabilité (ir-ri-), n.m., irritability.

irritable, adj., irritable.

irritant, -e, adj., irritating, provoking; (med.) irritant; (jur.) vital.

irritant, n.m., (med.) irritant.

irritation, n.f., irritation; exasperation, vexation.

irrité, -e, part., irritated, exasperated, excited; angry. Une mer —e; an angry sea.

irriter (ir-ri-té), v.a., to irritate, to incense, to anger, to exasperate; to provoke, to excite, to enrage. Vous irritez sa colère; you provoke his anger. Il est irrité contre vous; he is incensed against you.

s’irriter, v.r., to be irritated; to be angry, provoked, exasperated, incensed.

irroration (ir-ro-), n.f., irroration.

irruption (ir-rup-), n.f., irruption; inroad; overflow, bursting in. Faire — (dans); to invade, to make an irruption into; to break in or out.

isabelle, adj., dun- or cream-colored (of horses); dove-colored (of birds).

isabelle, n.m., Isabel; dun (horse); dove-color (birds).

isard, n.m., (mam.) izard (name given in the Pyrenees to the antelope chamois).

ischion (-ki-), n.m., (anat.) ischium.

ischurétique (-ku-), adj., (med.) ischuretic.

ischurie (-ku-), n.f., (med.) ischury, ischuria.

isiaque, adj., pertaining, relating, to Isis.

isinglass, n.m. V. ichtyocolle and colle de poisson.

islam, n.m., islam, religion of Mahomet.

islamisme, n.m., islamism.

islandais, -e, n.m.f., adj., Icelander.

isocèle, adj., (geom.) isosceles.

isochromatique (-kro-), adj., isochromatic.

isochrone (izo-krô-n), adj., isochronal, isochronous.

isochronisme, n.m., isochronism.

isolant, -e, adj., (phys.) insulating. Corps —; insulating body.

isolateur, n.m., insulator.

isolation, n.f., isolation, insulation.

isolé, -e, adj., part., isolated, lonely, solitary; detached, insulated, apart, not contiguous. Lieu —; lonely place or spot.

isolement (i-zol-mān), n.m., loneliness, isolation, solitude. Vivre dans l’—; to live a retired life.

isolément, adv., separately.

isoler, v.a., to isolate, to insulate, to detach, to separate.

s’isoler, v.r., to be isolated, insulated, to shun society.

isoloir, n.m., (phys.) insulator.

isomère, adj., (min. chem.) isomeric.

isotherme, adj., isothermal.

israélite (iz-), n.m.f. and adj., Israelite; Israelitic, Israelitish, Jewish. Un bon —; a plain, simple man.

issu, -e, adj., born, descended, or sprung from.

issue, n.f., issue, egress, outlet; end, event; loophole, escape, refuse grain; offal (of animals). À l’— de; on leaving, after.

isthme, n.m., isthmus.

isthmiques, adj.m.pl., (antiq.) Isthmian. Jeux —; Isthmian games.

ita est, adv., (Lat.) so it is.

itague (i-tag), n.f., (nav.) runner-tie.

italianiser, v.a., to Italianize.

italianisme, n.m., Italianism.

italien, -ne (-in, -è-n), n. and adj., Italian.

italien, n.m., Italian language.

italique, n.m. and adj., italics; italic.

item (i-tem), adv., also; moreover, ditto.

item, n.m., (—) item.

itérati-f, -ve, adj., iterative, repeated.

itération, n.f., iteration, repetition.

itérativement (-tiv-mān), adv., repeatedly.

ithos, n.m., (old) ethics.

itinéraire, n.m. and adj., itinerary, route, walk, round; guide, guide-book. Colonne —; way-post.

itou, adv., (fam.) also, too, likewise.

iule, n.m., (ent.) julus; catkin. V. jule.

ive or ivette, n.f., (bot.) iva.

ivoire, n.m., ivory; (fig.) whiteness. D’—; ivory. — des dents; bone of the teeth.

ivoirier, n.m., ivory-turner.

ivraie, n.f., darnel, tare, tares; rye-grass. Séparer l’— d’avec le bon grain; to separate the tares from the wheat.

ivre, adj., drunk, inebriated, intoxicated. A moitié —; half-tipsy, half-seas-over. — mort; dead drunk. — de joie; beside one’s self with joy. — de sang; drunk with blood, thirsting for blood.

ivresse, n.f., drunkenness, inebriety, inebriation, intoxication; frenzy, rapture, enthusiasm.

*ivrogne, n.m. and adj., drunkard; drunken, tipsy, given to drink.

*ivrogner, v.n., (pop.) to fuddle, to carouse, to booze, to guzzle, to get drunk.

*ivrognerie, n.f., inebriation, drunkenness, intoxication.

*ivrognesse, n.f., (pop.) drunkard, drunken woman.

ixia, n.f., (bot.) ixia.

ixion, n.m., (astron.) Ixion.

ixode, n.m., (zoöl.). V. tique.

izard, n.m. V. isard.

J

j, n.m., the tenth letter of the alphabet, j.

☉jà, adv., already.

jable, n.m., cross-groove (cooper’s work).

jabler, v.a., to cross-groove (cooper’s work).

jabot, n.m., frill (of a shirt); crop, maw (of a bird). Faire —; to give one’s self airs. Se remplir le —; to have a blow-out.

jabotage, n.m., jabbering.

jaboter, v.n., to prattle, to chatter.

jaboteu-r, -se, n.m.f., chatterer, jabberer.

jabotière, n.f., frilling.

jacasse, n.f., (pop.) chatterer, prater, talkative female.

jacasser, v.n., to chatter (of the magpie); (fig.) to prate, to jabber.

jacée, n.f., (bot.) knapweed. — des blés; corn-flower.

jacent, -e, adj., (jur.) in abeyance.

jachère, n.f., fallow, fallow-ground. Terre en —; fallow-land. Être en —; to be fallow.

jachéré, -e, part., fallowed.

jachérer, v.a., to fallow.

jacinthe or hyacinthe, n.f., (bot., min.) hyacinth.

jacobée, n.f., (bot.) ragwort.

jacobin, n.m., jacobin friar, monk; Jacobin (ultra radical of the French revolution).

jacobinisme, n.m., Jacobinism.

jacobite, n.m. and adj., Jacobite.

jaconas, n.m., jaconet.

jacot, n.m. V. jacquot.

jacquart, n.m. Métier à la —; Jacquart loom.

jacquerie, n.f., jacquerie; rising of peasants.

jacques, n.m., James. — bonhomme; peasant, Hodge (nickname for French peasants as a class).

jacquot or jacot, n.m., gray parrot, poll; pug (monkey).

jactance, n.f., boasting, bragging, boast. Plein de —; boastful.

☉se jacter, v.r., to swagger, to brag.

jaculatoire, adj., ejaculatory, spouting.

jade, n.m., (min.) jade, ax-stone.

jadelle, judelle, n.f., (orni.) coot.

jadis (jâ-dîs), adv., of old, in days of yore, formerly. Au temps —; in days of old.

jaguar, n.m., (zoöl.) jaguar.

jaïet, n.m. V. jais.

*jaillir, v.n., to spout, to spout out, to gush, to gush out, to spurt out; to spring, to burst out. Faire —; to throw up.

*jaillissant, -e, adj., spouting, gushing; springing, bursting.

*jaillissement, n.m., spouting out, gushing out, spirting, shooting, flashing.

jais, n.m., jet.

jalage, n.m., (feudalism) duty on wine.

jalap (ja-lap), n.m., jalap.

jale, n.f., large bowl, tureen.

☉jalet, n.m., pebble-stone, pebble. Arc à —; stone-bow.

jalon, n.m., leveling-staff; surveying-staff; offset-staff; landmark; mark; indication.

jalonnement, n.m., (land surveying) staking out; marking out.

jalonner, v.n., to stake out; to place landmarks; to mark out, indicate.

jalonneur, n.m., (milit.) marker.

jalousement, adv., jealously.

jalouser, v.a., to be jealous of, to envy.

se jalouser, v.r., to be jealous of each other.

jalousie, n.f., jealousy; fear, uneasiness, umbrage; blind, Venetian blind; (bot.) three-colored amaranth, sweet William. Par —; out of jealousy. Donner de la — à quelqu’un; to make any one jealous.

jalou-x, -se, n. and adj., jealous person; jealous; desirous, anxious; inclining on one side (of a carriage, of a ship). — d’acquérir de la gloire; desirous of acquiring glory. — de plaire; anxious to please. Faire des —; to excite jealousy.

jamais, adv., never, ever. Je ne la vois —; I never see her. Si — je deviens riche; if ever I grow rich. À —, pour —; for ever. À tout —; for ever and ever. — de la vie; never, never, I tell you.

jamais, n.m., time without end. Au grand —; for ever and ever, to all eternity.

jambage, n.m., jamb (of a door); hanger, down-stroke (in writing).

jambe, n.f., leg; shank; (of a glass) stem. — arquée; bow-leg. Courir à toutes —s; to run at the top of one’s speed. — en deça, — en delà; astride. — de force; principal rafter. —s de quinze ans; young legs. Avoir des —s de quinze ans; to be as nimble as ever. Prendre ses —s à son cou; to take to one’s heels. Être haut en —; to be long-legged. Cela ne lui rend pas la — mieux faite; he is no better off for it. Jouer des —s; to take to flight, to make off. Je le ferai par-dessous la —; I will do it with the greatest ease. Avoir les —s en manche de veste; to be bow-legged.

jambé, -e, adj., legged. Bien —; well made about the legs. Mal —; badly made about the legs.

jambette, n.f., small pocket-knife; (carp.) jamb.

jambi-er, -ère, adj., (anat.) of the leg. n.f., legging, leg-guard.

jambon, n.m., ham.

jambonneau, n.m., small ham, knuckle.

jan, n.m., (tric-trac) jan, table. — de retour; outer table.

janissaire, n.m., janissary.

jansénisme, n.m., Jansenism.

janséniste, n.m. and adj., Jansenist.

jante, n.f., felly, rim (of a wheel), felloe.

janvier, n.m., January.

japon, n.m., Japan-ware.

japonais, -e, n. and adj., Japanese.

japonais, n.m., Japanese language.

japonner, v.a., to hard-bake (porcelain).

jappement (ja-pmān), n.m., yelping.

japper, v.n., to yelp.

☉jaque, n.f., coat. — de mailles; coat of mail.

jaquemart, n.m., jack of the clock-house.

jaquette, n.f., jacket; tunic, short petticoats (for boys).

jaquier, n.m., breadfruit-tree.

jarde, n.f. V. jardon.

jardin, n.m., garden; (nav.) quarter-gallery. — d’agrément; pleasure or flower garden. — potager; kitchen-garden. — fruitier; fruit-garden. — des plantes; botanical, zoölogical gardens. — anglais; ornamental garden, grounds.

jardinage, n.m., gardening; garden-ground; garden-stuff.

jardiner, v.n., to garden.

jardinet, n.m., small garden.

jardineuse, adj.f., (of emeralds) spotty.

jardinier, n.m., gardener. —-fleuriste; (—s-—s) florist. — maraîcher; kitchen-gardener.

jardini-er, -ère, adj., of the garden. Plantes —ères; garden-plants.

jardinière, n.f., gardener’s wife; garden-woman; low ruffle; flower-stand; kind of vegetable soup.

jardon, n.m., or jarde, n.f., (vet.) curb.

jargon, n.m., jargon, gibberish, lingo; cant; (min.) jargoon, jargon, gray or brown zircon.

jargonner, v.a.n., to talk jargon, to talk twaddle or gibberish.

☉jarni! int., by Heaven! zounds.

jarousse or jarrosse, n.f., (bot.) vetch.

jarre, n.f., jar, jug, can.

jarret, n.m., ham, hough, hock; (arch.) projection. — de veau; knuckle of veal. — de bœuf; shin of beef. Couper les —s à un cheval; to hamstring a horse; (fig.) leg, legs. Coupe-—, (—-—s) ruffian, bully. Être ferme sur ses —s; to keep one’s countenance, to stand unmoved. Avoir du —; to be a good walker, a good dancer. Tendre le —; (fig.) to strut.

jarreté, -e (jar-té), adj., close-hammed, close-hocked; knock-kneed, gartered; (arch.) protuberant, projecting.

jarretelle, n.f., stocking suspender.

jarreter, v.a., to garter. Se —; to put garters on, to garter one’s self.

jarretière (jar-tièr), n.f., garter. L’ordre de la —; the Order of the Garter. Ne pas aller à la — à quelqu’un; not to come up to any one (by a long way).

jars (jâr), n.m., (orni.) gander. Il entend le —; he is no fool; he knows what’s what; he is up to snuff.

jas, n.m., (nav.) stock, anchor-stock.

jaser, v.n., to prate, to chatter, to gabble, to chat, to babble, to blab, to tattle. — comme une pie, comme une pie borgne; to chatter like a magpie.

jaserie (jâ-zrî), n.f., prating, chattering; prate, chatter; twaddle.

jaseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., prater, chatterer; chatterbox; (orni.) chatterer. Grand —; (orni.) Bohemian chatterer, waxwing.

jasmin, n.m., (bot.) jasmine, jessamine.

jaspe, n.m., (min.) jasper.

jaspé, -e, part., jasperated, jasper-like; marbled, veined; (of binding) sprinkled.

jasper, v.a., to marble; (binding) to sprinkle.

jaspure, n.f., marbling; sprinkling.

jatte, n.f., bowl, platter; (nav.) manger. Cul-de-jatte; cripple (sitting in a bowl).

jattée, n.f., bowlful, platterful.

jauge (jôj) n.f., gauge; gauging-rod; (nav.) tonnage, burden. — d’eau; water-gauge; (hort.) trench.

jaugeage (jô-jaj), n.m., gauging.

jauger, v.a., to gauge, to measure (the capacity of); to take the gauge of; (nav.) to draw (so many feet of water).

jaugeur, n.m., gauger.

jaunâtre, adj., yellowish.

jaune, adj., yellow. — comme un coing; as yellow as a guinea.

jaune, n.m., yellow. — d’œuf; yolk of an egg.

jaunet, n.m., buttercup; bachelor’s buttons; (pop.) yellow-boy, gold coin.

jaunir, v.a., to make yellow, to dye yellow; (arts) to yellow.

jaunir, v.n., to grow yellow, to turn yellow.

jaunissage, n.m., (arts) yellowing.

jaunissant, -e, adj., turning yellow, yellowing; ripening.

jaunisse, n.f., jaundice; (vet.) yellows.

javart, n.m., (vet.) quittor.

javeau, n.m., sand-bank.

javelage, n.m., drying (of corn in the fields).

javeler (ja-vlé), v.a., to lay in loose sheaves.

javeleur (ja-vleur), n.m., harvestman; binder (into loose sheaves).

javeline (ja-vli-n), n.f., javelin.

javelle, n.f., small sheaf; small bundle (of corn left to dry). Eau de —; bleaching liquid.

javelot (ja-vlo), n.m., javelin.

je, pron., I. — dis; I say. Parlé-—? do I speak?

jean (jan), n.m., John, Johnny, fool. La Saint-—; midsummer. — farine; merry andrew. — foutre; blackguard.

jeannette (ja-nèt), n.f., spinning-jenny.

jectisses, adj.f.pl. Terres —; made earth, loose soil; rubbish. Pierres —; (mas.) stones small enough to be placed by hand.

jéhovah, n.m., Jehovah.

jéjunum, n.m., (anat.) jejunum.

jenny, n.f., jenny (cotton-frame).

jérémiade, n.f., jeremiad.

jérose, n.f., (bot.) rose of Jericho.

jésuite, n.m., jesuit. — de, or en, robe courte; lay jesuit.

jésuitique, adj., jesuitic, jesuitical.

jésuitisme, n.m., jesuitism.

jésus, n.m., long royal, super royal (paper).

jet (jè), n.m., casting, cast; throwing, throw; shoot, sprout; casting (metal.); (agri.) tiller; jet, gush, spirt (of water); new swarm (of bees). Le — d’un filet; the casting of a net. Un — de pierre; a stone’s throw. — de lumière; ray of light. Le — d’une draperie; (paint.) the folds or lay of a drapery. — d’eau; waterspout, fountain. — d’abeilles; swarm of young bees. D’un seul —; at one stroke, born of a single effort. Faire le —; (com., nav.) to throw (goods) overboard. — de marchandises; (nav., com., jur.) jetsam, jettison.

jeté, n.m., jeté (dancing).

jeté, -e, part., cast, thrown. Le dé, le sort, en est —; the die is cast, the thing is resolved upon, the step has been taken.

jetée, n.f., jetty, pier, mole. — de port; jetty-head, pier-head.

jeter, v.a., to throw, to cast, to fling, to hurl; to throw down, to cast down, to fling down; to hurl down; to mold; to lay, to shoot, to shoot out, to shoot forth, to send forth; to disembogue, to empty; to discharge, to suppurate. — l’ancre; to cast anchor. — un soupir; to heave a sigh. — les fondements d’une maison, d’une fortune; to lay the foundation of a house, of a fortune. — de profondes racines; to take deep root. — les yeux sur quelqu’un; to cast one’s eyes on any one. — à la mer; (nav.) to throw overboard, to jettison. — bas; (dy.) to take out of the copper. — une draperie; to dispose the drapery (paint.). — ses cartes; to play one’s cards. Ce cheval jette sa gourme; that horse has the glanders. — de l’huile sur le feu; to add fuel to the flame. — son argent par les fenêtres; to play ducks and drakes with one’s money.

se jeter, v.r., to throw one’s self, to cast one’s self, to fling one’s self; to fall on, to fall upon (attack); to shoot; to strike out, to launch out; to be thrown down, to be thrown away; to disembogue, to fall, to empty one’s self (of rivers). Se — sur l’ennemi; to rush upon the enemy. Se — au cou de quelqu’un; to fall on any one’s neck. Se — à corps perdu; to rush headlong into.

jeton, n.m., counter, token, brass farthing.

jeu, n.m., play; sport; fun; game; gaming, gambling; acting (of actors); stake; (of organs) stop; (nav.) set; (nav.) suit; (mec.) length of stroke; (tech.) play. — d’enfant; child’s play. — de cartes; card game; pack of cards. Bonheur au —; good luck at play. — de hasard; game of chance. De bon or de franc —; by fair play. Couper —; to leave off playing, to go off with one’s winnings. Tenir le — de quelqu’un; to play for any one. — de bourse; stock jobbing. J’ai beau —; I have a good hand. Il a le — serré; he plays a sure game. Avoir beau —; to have a good chance. Cacher son —; to cover one’s designs. Jouer bien son —; to play one’s cards well. Faire bonne mine à mauvais —; to put a good face upon matters. Bon —, bon argent; in good earnest. Le — ne vaut pas la chandelle; it is not worth the trouble, it is not worth powder and shot. Se piquer au —; to persist in playing. Mettre au —; to stake. Jouer gros —; to play high. Jouer petit —; to play low. Ils sont à deux de —; they are upon even terms; two can play at that game. Un — de quilles; a set of nine-pins. — d’échecs; set of chess-men. Ne me mettez pas au —; do not mix me in it. Cela passe le —; that is beyond a joke. Être à deux de —; to be even or quits; to be a match for each other. À beau — beau retour; one good turn deserves another. Donner beau à —; to play into a person’s hands. — de mains — de vilains; rough play often ends in tears. Cela n’est pas du —; that was not in the bargain; that is not fair. Je sais son —; I know his way. — de voiles; complete set of sails. — d’avirons; set of oars. Avoir du —; (tech.) to have too much play. — de mots; pun; quibble, play upon words. — d’esprit; piece of wit, witticism. —x floraux; floral games. — qui trop dure ne vaut rien; too much of a good thing is bad.

jeudi, n.m., Thursday. Le — gras; Shrove Thursday. La semaine des trois —s; when two Sundays come together (i.e., never). — Saint; Maundy-Thursday.

à jeûn, adv., fasting, on an empty stomach. Je suis encore à —; I have not yet breakfasted. J’ai pris cela à —; I took it on an empty stomach.

jeune, adj., young; younger, junior; youthful, recent, new; early, green. — homme; young man, lad, youngster. —s gens; young men; young people. — personne; young girl, young lady. — premier, — première; (thea.) actor, actress, who takes lovers’ parts. Qui — n’apprend, rien ne saura; an old dog will learn no tricks.

jeûne, n.m., fasting; fast, abstinence.

jeunement (jeu-n-mān), adv., (hunt.) just. Cerf de dix cors —; stag just turned ten years.

jeûner, v.n., to fast.

jeunesse, n.f., youth, youthful days; youthfulness; young people; (pop.) lad, lass. Avoir un air de —; to have a youthful look. J’ai rencontré une — fort jolie; (pop.) I met a very pretty girl. Si — savait, si vieillesse pouvait; if things were to be done twice, all would be wise. Il faut que — se passe; boys will be boys.

jeunet, -te, adj., very young.