A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (continued 30)

se retirer, v.r., to retire, to withdraw, to go away; (of water) to subside, to recede, to ebb; to retire from, to leave; to quit; to shrink, to contract, to recoup or retrieve one’s self, to be drawn back or withdrawn. Retirez-vous; leave the room; be off; (jur.) stand down (to witnesses). Il s’est retiré du service; he has quitted the service. Se — du commerce; to retire from business. Se — en lieu de sûreté; to retire to a place of safety. Il se retire de bonne heure; he keeps good hours. Ils se retirèrent chacun chez eux; they retired to their respective homes.

retirer, v.n., to withdraw, to ebb, to go down (of the tide).

retisser, v.a., to weave again.

retombée, n.f., (arch.) springing (of an arch).

retomber, v.n., to fall again; to relapse, to fall down again; to fall. — malade; to fall ill again. — dans la même faute; to relapse into the same fault.

retondre, v.a., to shear again; (arch.) to clean off, to cut away useless ornaments.

retoquer, v.a., to pluck, to plow again (at exam.).

retordage, n.m., (manu.) twisting.

retordement, n.m., (manu.) twisting.

retordeur, n.m., twister, throwster.

retordre, v.a., to wring again, to twist again; to twist (silk, thread). Donner du fil à — à quelqu’un; to cut out work for any one, to give any one a great deal of trouble. Se —; to be twisted.

rétorquer, v.a., to retort.

retors, -e, adj., twisted; artful, deep, cunning, shrewd, crafty. Un homme —; a cunning, crafty man.

rétorsion, n.f., act of retorting, retortion.

retorte, n.f., (chem.) retort. V. cornue.

*retortiller, v.a., to twist again.

retouche, n.f., (paint.) retouching.

retoucher, v.n., to touch again, to retouch; to touch up, to improve.

retoucher, v.a., to retouch, to touch up, to improve; to correct, to alter. Se —; to be retouched.

retour, n.m., return, coming back; turning; winding; recurrence, conversion; (jur.) reversion; (arch.) return; thing given in to boot, into the bargain; acknowledgment; decline of life; wane; artifice, trick; change, reciprocity, caprice, whim; vicissitude; (nav.) homeward voyage. Le — du printemps; the return of spring. À mon —; on my return. Sans —; forever, irreparably, irrecoverably, irretrievably. Être de —; to have returned. Par — du courier; by return of post. Être sur son —; to be upon the point of returning. Être sur le —; to be upon the decline of life, to be going downhill, to be on the wane; to be past middle age. Avoir de fâcheux —s; to be odd, whimsical. Il n’y a point de — avec lui; there is no peace to be made with him; there is no end to his resentment. Amour qui n’est pas payé de —; unrequited love. À beau jeu, beau —; one good turn deserves another. La fortune a ses —s; fortune has its vicissitudes. Être perdu sans —; to be past all hope. — de chasse; luncheon (after shooting). Quel — me donnerez-vous? what will you give me to boot? Faire un — sur soi-même; to examine one’s self. En — de; in return for. Je serai de — à midi; I shall be back at twelve. Billet de —; return ticket. Sans esprit de —; without thinking of returning. Payer de —; to requite (hate, love, etc.). Faire — à; to return to, to revert. — d’âge; change of life.

retourne, n.f., turn-up card, trump-card, trumps.

retourner, v.n., to return, to go again, to go back, to go back again; to turn up (at cards). — sur ses pas; to retrace one’s steps. — en arrière; to turn back. — à son travail; to return to one’s work. N’y retournez pas; don’t do it again. Il retourne cœur; hearts are trumps. Voyons de quoi il retourne; (pop.) let us see what’s going on, or how matters stand.

retourner, v.a., to turn, to turn up; to revolve, to turn over, round, about, up, back; to turn (clothes); to mix (a salad). — un habit; to turn a coat. — du foin; to turn hay. — une carte; to turn up a card. — une salade; to mix a salad.

se retourner, v.r., to turn, to turn round; to turn one’s self, to be turned. S’en retourner; to return home, to go back again, to turn back.

retracement, n.m., retracing; description, relation.

retracer, v.a., to trace again; to retrace, to trace; to recount, to relate.

se retracer, v.r., to retrace, to recall to mind, to remember; to return, to recur, to be traced again.

rétractation, n.f., retractation, recantation.

rétracter, v.a., to retract, to recall, to recant.

se rétracter, v.r., to retract; to make a retraction; to recant.

rétractile, adj., retractile.

rétractilité, n.f., retractility.

rétraction, n.f., (med.) retraction; contraction.

retraduire, v.a., to translate again.

retraire, v.a., (jur.) to redeem an estate; to milk again.

retrait, -e, adj., lean, shrunk (grain); shrunk (of wood); (jur.) withdrawn, redeemed.

retrait, n.m., closet, private room; (jur.) redemption, regaining possession; withdrawal (of a bill in parliament, of money from a bank); (arch.) off-set; shrinking, contraction (of clay, metals). — conventionnel; (jur.) re-emption. Le — d’un projet de loi; the withdrawal of a bill in parliament. — d’emploi; (milit.) being unattached (of officers).

retraite, n.f., retreat; retiring; retirement; refuge, hiding-place, haunt, lurking-place; retiring pension, pension; shrinking, contraction (of clay, of metals); (arch.) offset; nail (in the foot of a horse); (milit.) tattoo; (com.) redraft. Battre en —; to retreat, to draw off, to beat a retreat. Sonner la —; (hunt.) to call off the hounds; (milit.) to sound a retreat. Donner — à quelqu’un; to shelter any one, to harbour any one. — de voleurs; resort, den, of thieves. Donner à quelqu’un sa —; to pension any one off. Mettre à la —; to pension off, to superannuate. Prendre sa —; to retire on a pension, to retire from the service. Battre la —; (milit.) to beat the tattoo. Officier en —; retired, or half-pay, officer.

retraité, -e, n. and adj., one who is pensioned off, superannuated; on the retired list. Officier —; officer on the retired list. Un —; one who is pensioned off, a pensioner.

retranchement (-trānsh-mān), n.m., retrenchment, abridging, suppression; curtailment; (milit.) retrenchment, intrenchment. Forcer quelqu’un dans ses —s; to storm any one in his stronghold.

retrancher, v.a., to retrench, to curtail, to cut short; to cut off, to strike off, to erase; (arith.) to subtract; to take away, to abridge; to suppress; to deduct; to take away (from); (milit.) to intrench. — un camp; to intrench a camp.

se retrancher, v.r., to restrain one’s self; to confine one’s self; to retrench, to curtail one’s expenses; (milit.) to intrench one’s self; to fall back upon, to urge, to plead, to put forward.

retranscrire, v.a., to copy out again.

*retravailler, v.a., to work again, to do over again.

retraverser, v.a., to cross, to traverse again.

retrayant, n.m., -e, n.f., (jur.) repurchaser; re-emptor.

rêtre, n.m. V. reître.

rétréci, -e, adj., narrow, cramped, contracted, confined.

rétrécir, v.a., to take in, to straiten, to make narrower, to contract; to narrow, to cramp; to shrink; to limit.

se rétrécir, v.r., to become narrow, to grow strait; to shrink, to contract; to be cramped, contracted, straitened.

rétrécir, v.n., to narrow, to shrink up.

rétrécissement (-sis-mān), n.m., narrowing, shrinking, cramping; contracting; narrowness, contraction; (med.) stricture.

rétreindre, v.a., to hammer out (metal).

rétreinte, n.f., hammering out.

retremper, v.a., to temper again (metal); to give renewed force to, to strengthen.

se retremper, v.r., to acquire renewed strength; to recruit one’s strength, to be strengthened, invigorated.

rétribué, -e, adj., remunerated, rewarded.

rétribuer, v.a., to remunerate, to requite, to reward; to give a salary, a fee, to.

rétribution, n.f., retribution, reward.

rétroacti-f, -ve, adj., retroactive.

rétroaction, n.f., retroaction.

rétroactivement (-tiv-mān), adv., retroactively.

rétroactivité, n.f., retroactive effect.

rétroagir, v.n., to have a retroactive effect.

rétrocéder, v.a., to give back again, to cede back; (jur.) to reconvey; to reassign.

rétrocessi-f, -ve, adj., retroceding, retrocedent.

rétrocession, n.f., (jur.) retrocession, redemise, reconveyance.

rétrogradation, n.f., (astron.) retrogradation, retrogression, retrocession.

rétrograde, adj., retrograde.

rétrograder, v.n., to retrograde, to go backward; to go back.

rétrogressi-f, -ve, adj., retrogressive.

rétrogression, n.f., retrogression.

rétrospecti-f, -ve, adj., retrospective.

retroussé, -e, part., turned up, tucked up, cocked up. Nez —; snub nose, turned-up nose. Avoir le bras —; to have one’s sleeves tucked up.

retroussement (-troos-mān), n.m., turning up, tucking up, cocking up, curling up.

retrousser, v.a., to turn up, to tuck up, to cock; to tie up; (nav.) to truss up sails. — sa robe; to tuck up one’s gown. — sa moustache; to turn up one’s moustache.

se retrousser, v.r., to turn up, to cock up; to tie up; to tuck up one’s gown.

retroussis, n.m., cock, flap (of a hat); boot-top, top (of a boot); facing (of a uniform, livery).

retrouver, v.a., to find again, to recover; to recognize; to meet again. Je le retrouverai bien; he will not escape me.

se retrouver, v.r., to find one another again; to find one’s self again; to be found again; to be met with again; to find one’s way.

rets (ré), n.m., net, netting, snare, toils.

réunion, n.f., reunion, union, junction; meeting, assembly; company; concourse, gathering; party, soirée, reception. Salle de —; assembly-room. Maison de —; meeting-house.

réunir, v.a., to reunite, to join again, to bring together again, to reannex; to unite, to join, to bring together, to annex; to collect, to assemble, to muster; to call together, to combine; to reconcile, to unite. — des faits; to collect facts.

se réunir, v.r., to reunite, to unite, to join, to join again, to unite again; to be united, to be joined, to be collected; to meet (at an appointed place); to gather, to collect, to come together, to assemble, to muster, to club together, to combine, to blend, to be blended.

réussi, -e, adj., successful, brilliant, well executed or carried out. Bien —; well done; a success, well-performed. Mal —; badly done; spoilt, badly performed; not a success.

réussir, v.n., to succeed, to prosper, to thrive, to be successful, to have success. — à faire quelque chose; to succeed in doing anything. Il a mal réussi; he was unsuccessful. Ce projet n’a pas réussi; the plan did not succeed. Tout ce qu’il entreprend lui réussit; everything he undertakes succeeds. Les pommiers réussissent dans ce terrain; apple-trees thrive in this soil. Cela m’a bien réussi; that answered my purpose admirably.

réussir, v.a., to carry out well, to execute well, to accomplish, to perform.

réussite, n.f., success; issue, event, result.

revacciner, v.a., to revaccinate.

revalidation, n.f., (jur.) rendering valid again.

revaloir, v.a., to return like for like; to be even with, to pay back. Il me le revaudra; he shall pay for it, I will be even with him (for it).

revanche, n.f., revenge, retaliation; return; return-match (at play). Avoir sa —; to have one’s revenge; to have one’s turn. Prendre sa —; to take one’s revenge; to return like for like; to play the return-match. En —; by way of retaliation; in return.

revancher, v.a., (fam.) to defend; to revenge; to return like for like.

se revancher, v.r., (fam.) to defend one’s self; to be revenged, to revenge; to return like for like; to have one’s turn. Se — d’un bienfait; to return a benefit.

revancheur, n.m., (l.u.) defender.

rêvasser, v.n., to have troubled dreams, to dream, to keep dreaming; to muse. — à une affaire; to muse over, or ponder over, any matter.

rêvasserie (-va-srî), n.f., unconnected, broken dreams; musing, dreaming.

rêvasseur, n.m., dreamer, muser.

rêve, n.m., dream; idle fancy, day-dream, vision, illusion.

revêche, adj., sharp, harsh, rough; stubborn, unruly, cross, untractable, ill-natured, dogged, cross-grained, crabbed, cantankerous. Diamant —; diamond not polishable in all its parts.

rêve-creux, n.m., (—) dreamer.

*réveil, n.m., waking, awaking; waking-time; (horl.) alarum, alarm; alarm-watch, alarm-clock; (milit.) reveille. À mon —; on my awaking.

*réveille-matin, n.m., (—) alarm-clock, alarum; chanticleer, cock; (bot.) wartwort, spurge.

*réveiller, v.a., to awake, to wake, to rouse, to rouse up, to call up; to stir up, to quicken, to revive, to recall, to evoke, to rake up. — des souvenirs fâcheux; to recall disagreeable recollections.

*se réveiller, v.r., to wake, to awake, to wake up, to awaken; to revive; to be aroused, to be renewed, to be awakened. Sa haine se réveilla; his hatred was aroused. Se — de son assoupissement; to awake from one’s lethargy. Se — en sursaut; to start up out of one’s sleep.

réveilleu-r, -se, n.m.f., waker, awakener, caller.

*réveillon, n.m., midnight repast; Christmas-eve revel; (paint.) strong touch of light.

révélat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., informer, revealer, discoverer, detector. adj., revealing, tell-tale. — d’un complot; revealer of a plot. Être le — de ses complices; to inform against one’s accomplices; (jur.) to turn king’s, queen’s, evidence.

révélation, n.f., revelation; discovery, disclosure; (jur.) information.

révéler, v.a., to reveal, to discover, to lay open, to disclose, to detect; to betray; to inform against; (fam., pop.) to blab.

revenant, -e, adj., pleasing, prepossessing. Physionomie —e; pleasing physiognomy.

revenant (rĕ-vnān), n.m., ghost, spirit. Il y a des —s dans cette maison; that house is haunted.

revenant-bon, n.m., (—s-—s) perquisite; bonus; emolument; windfall, godsend.

revendage, n.m., huckstering.

revendeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., retail dealer, retailer; dealer in old clothes; regrater. —se à la toilette; wardrobe dealer, dealer in cast clothes.

revendicable, adj., claimable.

revendication, n.f., (jur.) claim; claiming, demand. Action en —; (jur.) action in pursuit of a claim.

revendiquer, v.a., to claim, to demand.

revendre, v.a., to sell again; to re-sell. Il en a à —; he has enough of it, and to spare. En — à quelqu’un; to be deeper than any one, to be more than a match for any one; to outdo.

revenir (rĕ-vnir), v.n., to come again, to come back, to come back again, to return, to recover, to recover one’s self; to get over, to come to one’s self, to come to; to be restored; to occur, to recur, to present one’s self; to resume, to reconsider; to alter one’s mind, to change one’s opinion, to recant, to retract; to be undeceived; to come over to, to adopt, to embrace; to retrieve; to be reconciled, to be appeased, to be pacified; to cost, to stand in; to amount, to come to; to be tantamount to; to please, to suit, to match; to arise, to accrue, to result, to proceed; to appear, to haunt, to walk; (jur.) to claim on a guarantee; (of food) to rise (in the stomach). Faire — quelqu’un; to call any one back. Son nom ne me revient pas; I do not recollect his name. Revenons à notre propos; let us resume, let us return to our business. J’en reviens toujours là que; I still persist in thinking that. En — toujours là; to be always harping on the same string. — à la charge; to return to the charge. — à ses moutons; to return to one’s subject. — sur une matière; to return to a subject. — d’une maladie; to recover from an attack of illness. Il revient à vue d’œil; he is recovering visibly. — à soi; to recover one’s senses, to come to one’s self again, to come to, to revive; to resume one’s serenity; to reform, to be reformed, to be reclaimed, to return to the right path. — d’une frayeur; to recover from a fright. — en santé; to recover one’s health. — de loin; to escape great danger, to have a narrow escape; to recover from a dangerous illness. — sur l’eau; to get afloat again, to recover one’s losses. N’en pas —; to wonder at, to be lost in astonishment. En — d’une belle; to have had a narrow escape. Revenir à l’avis de; to come over to the opinion of, to fall in with any one’s views. Je n’en reviens pas; I cannot recover from my astonishment, I cannot get over it; I cannot make it out; (fam.) it caps me. — de ses préjugés; to shake off one’s prejudices. — de ses folies; to leave off one’s old pranks. Je suis revenu de ces amusements-là; I do not care for those amusements any more or these amusements pall upon me now. — sur le compte de quelqu’un; to have a better (or a worse) opinion of any one (as the case may be). Quand on m’a fait de ces tours, je ne reviens pas; when people play me such tricks as those I never forgive them. Son humeur ne me revient pas; his humor does not please me. Les deux choses reviennent au même; the two things amount to the same, come to the same, are tantamount to the same. Cet habit revient à tant; that coat costs so much. Il me revient que; I hear, I am told, or I understand that. Il ne m’en revient rien; I get nothing by it. De la viande qui revient; meat that rises in one’s stomach. Le vin fait — le cœur; wine cheers the heart. Faire — de la viande; (cook.) to parboil, to half-cook meat.

revente, n.f., resale; selling again, reselling; regrating. De —; second-hand. Lit de —; second-hand bed.

reventer, v.a., (nav.) to fill a sail again.

revenu (rĕ-vnu), n.m., revenue, income, rent, profit. Etat des —s; rental. —s casuels; perquisites.

revenue, n.f., young wood (of a coppice).

rêver, v.n., to dream, to be in a dream; to rave, to be light-headed; to talk idly; to have a wandering mind, to muse; to think, to reflect, to consider. Il rêve tout éveillé; he indulges in day-dreams. J’ai rêvé longtemps sur cette affaire; I have pondered long over that affair. Je regagnai mon hôtellerie en rêvant; I trudged back to my inn in a thoughtful mood.

rêver, v.a., to dream, to long for, to desire ardently, to dream of. Il ne rêve que fortune; he thinks of nothing but riches.

réverbérant, -e, adj., reverberating.

réverbération, n.f., reverberation; reverberation, repercussion (of sound). La — des rayons du soleil; the reverberation of the solar rays.

réverbère, n.m., reflector, street lamp. Feu de —; (chem.) reverberated fire.

réverbérer, v.a. and n., to reverberate.

reverdie, n.m., (nav.) return of the high tide.

reverdir, v.a. and n., to paint green again; to become green again; to grow young again; to reblossom; (fig.) to grow influential, powerful again. Planter là quelqu’un pour —; to leave any one in the lurch; to give any one the slip. Il faut — ces barreaux; these iron bars must be painted green again. Faire —; to make green; to revive.

reverdissement (-dis-mān), n.m., growing green again.

révéremment (-ra-mān), adv., reverently.

révérence, n.f., reverence, veneration; bow, curtsey. Avec —; reverently. Faire une profonde —; to make a low bow, a low curtsey. Tirer sa — à quelqu’un; (jest.) to bow to any one.

révérencielle, adj., reverential.

révérencieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., reverentially.

révérencieu-x, -se, adj., reverential; bowing and scraping, obsequious.

révérend, -e, adj., reverend. Très —; right reverend. [Sometimes used as a noun in the masculine.]

révérendissime, adj., most reverend.

révérer, v.a., to revere, to reverence, to venerate, to hold in veneration.

rêverie (rê-vrî), n.f., reverie, musing; dream; raving, delirium. Tomber en —; to fall to musing.

revernir, v.a., to glaze again, to varnish over again.

☉reverquier, n.m. V. revertier.

revers (-vèr), n.m., back, reverse; facing (of clothes); lapel (of a coat); back stroke; top (of boots); reverse, change for the worse. Coup de —; back-handed stroke. Donner un —; to hit a back stroke. Le — de la médaille; the reverse side of the medal; (fig.) the dark side of the picture. Le — de la tranchée; (fort.) the reverse of the trench. A or de —; (mil.) in the rear, on the flank.

réversal, -e, adj., (jur.) confirmatory.

reverseau, n.m., flashing-board (for doors, etc.).

reversement, n.m., (nav.) trans-shipment. V. transbordement.

reverser, v.a., to pour out again; to pour off; (nav.) to trans-ship (V. transborder); (com.) to transfer, to carry (forward or over).

reversi or reversis, n.m., reversis (card game).

réversibilité, n.f., (jur.) revertibility.

réversible, adj., reversible; (jur.) revertible.

réversion, n.f., (jur.) reversion.

réversoir, n.m., dam, weir.

revertier (-tié), n.m., sort of backgammon.

revêtement (-vê-tmān), n.m., (arch., mas.) covering, lining, coating, casing, facing; (fort.) revetement; (joinery) veneering.

revêtir, v.a., to clothe; to give clothes to, to invest; to dress; to put on, to assume; to endow a person with; to bestow on a person; (mas.) to line, to cover. — les pauvres; to clothe the poor. — un habit; to put on a coat. — ses pensées d’un style brillant; to clothe one’s thoughts in brilliant language. — la figure de quelqu’un; to put on the air of some one else. Les formes que revêt la pensée; the forms that thought assumes. — un personnage; to assume a character. Je me suis dépouillé de cet emploi pour l’en —; I threw up this employment in his favor, to bestow it on him. — une terrasse de gazon; to cover a terrace with turf.

se revêtir, v.r., to clothe one’s self, to array one’s self, to invest one’s self, to dress, to put on, to assume, to take; to be invested.

rêveu-r, -se, n. and adj., dreamer, muser; thoughtful, pensive, dreamy, musing.

revidage, n.m., (at auction) knock-out.

revider, v.a., to empty again; to knock out.

revient (rĕvi-in), n.m., (com.) only used in: prix de —; net cost.

revirade, n.f., (backgammon) back-game.

revirement (re-vir-mān), n.m., sudden change; (nav.) tacking; (com. and fin.) transfer. — de parties; (com.) transfer.

revirer, v.n., (nav.) to tack about, to tack, to put about; to turn round, to change sides, to be a turn-coat, to rat. Il a reviré de bord; he has ratted.

revisable, adj., revisable.

reviser, v.a., to revise, to review, to examine.

reviseur, n.m., reviser, examiner.

revision, n.f., revisal, revision, re-examination, review. Sujet à —; questionable. — de procès; rehearing. Faire la — d’une feuille; (print.) to revise a sheet. Conseil de —; (milit.) examining-board (as to health of recruits).

revivification, n.f., (chem.) revivification.

revivifier, v.a., to revive, to revivify, to vivify; to regenerate.

revivre, v.n., to come to life again; to live again; to revive. Faire —; to bring to life again, to revive, to restore. Les pères revivent dans leurs enfants; fathers live again in their children.

révocabilité, n.f., revocability.

révocable, adj., revocable, reversible, repealable.

☉révocati-f, -ve, adj., repealing.

révocation, n.f., revocation, repeal, revoking, recall.

révocatoire, adj., revocatory.

revoici, prep., (fam., jest) once more, here ... again. Me —; here am I again.

revoilà, prep., (fam., jest) once more, there ... again. Les revoilà! there they are again!

revoir, v.a., to see again; to meet again; to revise, to review, to re-examine.

se revoir, v.r., to see, to meet, each other again; to be seen again. Nous nous reverrons; we shall meet again.

revoir, n.m., seeing, or meeting, again. Au —; good-bye for the present, or till we meet again. À —; to be revised.

revoler, v.n., to fly again, to fly back; to steal, or rob, again.

revolin, n.m., (nav.) eddy-wind.

révoltant, -e, adj., revolting.

révolte, n.f., revolt, rebellion.

révolté, n.m., rebel.

révolter, v.a., to cause to revolt or rebel, to stir up; to rouse, to excite; to shock, to disgust, to horrify.

se révolter, v.r., to revolt, to rebel, to be indignant, to be shocked.

révolter, v.n., to revolt, to rebel.

révolu, -e, adj., revolved, accomplished, completed, finished, ended.

révoluti-f, -ve, adj., (bot.) revolute.

révolution, n.f., revolution.

révolutionnaire, n.m. and adj., revolutionist; revolutionary.

révolutionnairement (-sio-nèr-mān), adv., in a revolutionary manner.

révolutionner, v.a., to revolutionize.

revolver (ré-vol-vèr), n.m., revolver.

revomir, v.a., to vomit, to throw up again; to vomit again; to bring up.

révoquer, v.a., to recall (an ambassador); to dismiss (a clerk, an officer, an official, etc.); to revoke, to repeal. — en doute; to call in question.

revouloir, v.a., to wish again, to wish again for.

revoyager, v.n., to travel again.

revue, n.f., review; magazine; survey, examination, revision. Faire la — de; to examine, to survey. Faire une — de ses papiers; to examine one’s papers. Passer en —; (milit.) to review. Être gens de —; to meet often.

révulsi-f, -ve, adj., (med.) revulsive.

révulsif, n.m., (med.) revulsive.

révulsion, n.f., revulsion.

rez, prep., (l.u.) level with, even with. — pied, — terre; even, or level, with the ground.

rez-de-chaussée, n.m., (—) ground-floor; level with the ground. Au —; on the ground-floor. À —; level with the ground.

rhabdologie, n.f. V. rabdologie.

rhabdomancie, n.f. V. rabdomancie.

*rhabillage, n.m., repairing, mending, botching, patching.

*rhabillement, n.m. V. rhabillage.

*rhabiller, v.a., to dress again, to clothe anew; to mend, to patch up.

*rhabilleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f. V. rebouteur.

rhagade, n.f., (med.) rhagade, crack, chap, fissure.

rhapontic, n.m., (bot.) bastard monk’s-rhubarb, rheum rhaponticum.

rhapsode, n.m., rhapsodie, n.f., rhapsodiste, n.m. V. rapsode, rapsodie, rapsodiste.

rhénan, -e, adj., (geog.) Rhenish.

rhésus (-zus), n.m., pig-tailed baboon.

rhéteur, n.m., rhetorician, rhetor.

rhétien, -ne (ti-in, -tiè-n), adj., (geog.) Rhetian.

rhétoricien (-si-in), n.m., rhetorician.

rhétorique, n.f., rhetoric. Figure de —; rhetorical figure. Faire sa —; to be in the class of rhetoric (in the highest form but one; the Remove).

rhin, n.m., (geog.) Rhine. Vin du —; Rhenish wine, Rhine-wine.

rhinanthe, n.f., (bot.) cock’s-comb.

rhingrave, n.m., rhingrave (German governor).

rhingrave, n.f., (formerly) a sort of knee-breeches, knickerbockers.

rhinocéros (-ros), n.m., rhinoceros.

rhinoplastie, n.f., (surg.) rhinoplasty.

rhodium (-om), n.m., (min.) rhodium.

rhododendron, n.m., (bot.) rhododendron; rose-bay.

rhombe, n.m., (geom.) rhomb, rhombus; (ich.) rhombus.

rhomboèdre, n.m., (geom.) rhombohedron.

rhomboïdal, -e, adj., rhomboidal.

rhomboïde, n.m., (anat., geom.) rhomboid.

rhubarbe, n.f., rhubarb. — blanche; white jalap. — des moines; monk’s-rhubarb, herb-patience.

rhum (rom), n.m., rum.

rhumatique, adj., rheumatic.

rhumatisant, -e, n. and adj., rheumatic.

rhumatismal, -e, adj., rheumatic.

rhumatisme, n.m., rheumatism.

rhumb, n.m. V. rumb.

rhume, n.m., cold. — de cerveau; cold in the head. Un gros —; a violent cold. — de poitrine; cold on the chest. Attraper un —; to catch a cold.

rhus (rus), n.m. V. sumac.

rhythme, n.m. V. rythme.

rhythmique, adj. V. rythmique.

riant, -e, adj., laughing, smiling, lively, cheerful; pleasant, pleasing.

ribambelle, n.f., swarm, string; host, lot (of people).

ribaud, -e, n. and adj., (l.ex.) ribald.

ribauderie (-bô-drî), n.f., ribaldry.

ribaudure, n.f., crease, fold (in cloth).

riblette, n.f., (cook.) collop, rasher.

riblons, n.m.pl., scrap-iron.

ribord, n.m., (nav.) garboard strake.

ribordage, n.m., (nav.) damage by fouling.

ribote, n.f., (pop.) debauch, drunken bout. Être en —; to be boozy, drunk, tight; to be on the spree. Faire —; to have a drunken bout.

riboter, v.n., (pop.) to get boozy, drunk; to be on the spree.

riboteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (pop.) drunkard; boozer.

ricanement (-ka-n-mān), n.m., chuckling, chuckle, sneering, sneer; giggling, giggle.

ricaner, v.n., to chuckle, to sneer, to snigger, to giggle.

ricanerie (-ka-n-rî), n.f. V. ricanement.

ricaneu-r, -se, n. and adj., sneerer, sneering; giggler, giggling.

ric-à-ric, adv., in driblets; (fam.) rigorously, strictly.

richard, n.m., moneyed man; rich fellow; capitalist, nabob.

riche, n.m. and adj., rich man; rich, wealthy, opulent; sumptuous; copious; valuable, precious. Un — parti; a good match (marriage). — moisson; abundant harvest. Langue —; copious language. Le mauvais —; the rich man of the Gospel.

richement (rish-mān), adv., richly, opulently, copiously, splendidly; preciously.

richesse, n.f., riches, wealth, wealthiness, opulence; copiousness; richness. La — d’une langue; the copiousness of a language. Contentement passe —; enough is as good as a feast.

richissime, adj., (fam.) inordinately rich.

ricin, n.m., (bot.) palma Christi, castor-oil plant. Huile de —; castor-oil.

ricocher, v.n., (artil.) to ricochet, to rebound.

ricochet, n.m., duck and drake (rebound on the water); series; chain, succession; (artil.) ricochet. Faire des —s; (artil.) to ricochet; to make ducks and drakes on the water. Feu à —; (artil.) ricochet-firing or fire. C’est la chanson du —; it is the same thing over and over again. Par —; indirectly.

rictus, n.m., grin, grinning.

ride, n.f., wrinkle (on the face); (bot.) wrinkle; ripple (on the water); (nav.) laniard. —s des haubans; shroud laniards.

ridé, -e, adj., wrinkled; (bot.) rugose. Une pomme —e; a shriveled apple.

rideau, n.m., curtain; screen (of trees); (fort.) rideau. Tirer le —; to draw the curtain. Baisser le —; (thea.) to drop the curtain. Lever de —; (thea.) curtain-raiser. — d’entr’acte; drop-scene.

ridée, n.f., clap-net.

ridelle, n.f., staff-side, standard-side (of a cart).

rider, v.a., to wrinkle (the skin); to shrivel; to crumple; to ripple, to ruffle (water); to corrugate, to contract.

se rider, v.r., to wrinkle, to shrivel, to shrivel up; to ripple, to ruffle (of water).

ridicule, adj., ridiculous. Se rendre —; to make one’s self ridiculous.

ridicule, n.m., ridicule, ridiculousness; ridiculous person, ridiculous thing. Tomber dans le —, or tourner au —; to become ridiculous. Tourner quelqu’un en —; to ridicule any one.

ridiculement (-kul-mān), adv., ridiculously.

ridiculiser, v.a., to ridicule, to make ridiculous, to make fun (of).

ridiculité, n.f., (l.u.) ridiculousness, ridiculous thing. C’est une — de parler ainsi; it is absurd to speak in this manner.

rièble, n.m. V. grateron.

rien (ri-in), n.m., nothing, nought, not anything; mere nothing, trifle, mere trifle. Pour —; for nothing, for next to nothing, for a mere trifle, for a song, — de plus beau; nothing finer. — autre chose; nothing else. On ne fait — de —; nothing can be made out of nothing. Je n’en ferai —; I shall do nothing of the sort. Cette montre ne vous sert à —; that watch is of no use to you. Il ne sert à — de; it is of no use to. Cet homme ne m’est —; that man is nothing to me. Cela ne fait —; that does not matter. Tout comme si de — n’était; as if nothing at all was the matter. Ne faites semblant de —; pretend not to mind it, not to see it, say nothing at all. Je ne pense à — moins qu’à cela; nothing is further from my thoughts. Ce n’est — moins que cela; it is quite another thing, it is anything but that. En moins de —; in the twinkling of an eye, in a trice. De —; don’t mention it! of nothing; insignificant. — au monde ne me fera oublier cela; nothing in the world will make me forget that. — de —; absolutely nothing. Moins que —; very little. S’il y a — qui me plaise; if anything pleases me. Y a-t-il — de nouveau? is there any news? N’aboutir à —; to come to nothing.

rieu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., laugher, giggler, sneerer. Il a les —s de son côté; he has the laughers on his side.

rieu-r, -se, adj., laughing, joking, sneering, mocking, jeering.

riflard, n.m., old umbrella; gamp; (carp.) horse-plane; (for stones) paring-chisel; (for metal) rough file.

rigaudon, n.m. V. rigodon.

rigide, adj., rigid, strict, harsh, severe, stiff.

rigidement (-jid-mān), adv., rigidly, strictly, harshly, stiffly.

rigidité, n.f., rigidness, rigidity, stiffness, strictness, severity, harshness.

rigodon, n.m., rigadoon (dance).

rigole, n.f., trench, little ditch or furrow, little gutter; culvert (of roads).

rigorisme, n.m., rigorism, austerity; hyper-criticism.

rigoriste, n.m.f. and adj., rigorist; hyper-critic; over-rigid, over-severe; hypercritical.

rigoureusement (-reûz-mān), adv., rigorously, severely, strictly, harshly.

rigoureu-x, -se, adj., rigorous, stern, harsh; strict; severe, sharp; close.

rigueur (-gheur), n.f., rigor, severity; harshness; sternness, sharpness, closeness, precision. La — du sort; the sternness of fate. Traiter quelqu’un avec —; to be severe with any one. Cette règle est de —; this rule is indispensable. Jouer de —; to play the strict rule of the game. La — de l’hiver; the inclemency of the winter. À la —; strictly speaking; in a strict sense; for once in a way; if absolutely necessary.

*rillettes, n.f.pl., minced pork.

*rimaille, n.f., (b.s.), rhyming doggerel.

*rimailler, v.n., to write bad verses.

*rimailleur, n.m., sorry rhymer, poetaster.

rime, n.f., rhyme. pl. verse. —s croisées; alternate rhymes. —s plates; following rhymes (line by line). Il n’y a ni — ni raison dans ce qu’il dit; there is neither rhyme nor reason in what he says.

rimer, v.n. and a., to rhyme. Cela ne rime à rien; there’s no sense in it; it is all nonsense; that means nothing at all. De la prose rimée; mere doggerel.

rimeur, n.m., rhymer; poetaster.

rinçage, n.m., rinsing.

rinceau, n.m., (arch.) foliage; (her.) bough.

rincer, v.a., to rinse, to wash, to cleanse. Il a été bien rincé; (pop.) he has been well drenched; he has been well thrashed; well paid out.

se rincer, v.r., to rinse. Se — la bouche; to rinse one’s mouth.

rinceu-r, -se, n.m.f., rinser, washer.

rinçoir, n.m., rinsing tub.

rinçure, n.f., rinsings; slops; (of wine) poor watery stuff.

ringard, n.m., (tech.) fire-iron, poker, iron-rake.

ringrave, n.m.f. V. rhingrave.

☉riolé, -e, adj., streaked.

rioter, v.n., to giggle, to titter.

rioteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., giggler, titterer.

riotte, n.f., tiff.

ripage, n.m., (tech.) scraping.

*ripaille, n.f., feasting, junketing. Faire —; to feast, to junket.

ripe, n.f., (sculpt.) scraper.

riper, v.a., (sculpt.) to scrape.

ripopée, n.f., slops, medley; slipslop, mish-mash; bad wine.

riposte, n.f., smart reply, repartee; (fenc.) parry and thrust, return.

riposter, v.n., to repartee, to make a smart reply; to make a return; to reply, to answer, to return it; (fenc.) to parry and thrust. Il riposta d’un soufflet; he replied with a slap in the face.

ripuaire, adj., riparian, riverine.

rire (riant, ri), v.n., to laugh; to be merry; to look pleasant, to smile; to be in jest, to joke, to make game of; to trifle; to be favorable, to be propitious; to scoff at. Eclater de —; to break out into laughter, to burst out laughing. Etouffer de —; to be suffocating with laughter. Se tenir les côtes de —; to split one’s sides with laughing. Se pâmer de —; to die with laughing. Avoir le mot pour —; to be facetious, to be ever ready with a joke. — à gorge déployée; to roar with laughter. — du bout des dents, — jaune; to laugh on the wrong side of one’s mouth, to force a laugh. — dans sa barbe, — sous cape; to laugh in one’s sleeve. — de; to laugh at, not to mind, not to care for. — de quelqu’un; to laugh at any one. — au nez de quelqu’un; to laugh in any one’s face. Apprêter à —; to make one’s self a laughing-stock. Rira bien qui rira le dernier or marchand qui perd ne peut —; let them laugh that win. Cela fait —; that makes one laugh. Il n’y a pas là de quoi —; there’s nothing to laugh at in that. Il n’y a pas de quoi —; it is no laughing matter. Et la foule de —; up went a great shout of laughter from the crowd! — aux anges; to laugh beyond measure; to laugh alone, or to one’s self. — aux dépens d’autrui; to laugh at another’s expense. Nous rirons bien; we shall have great fun. La fortune lui rit; fortune smiles upon him. Est-ce que vous riez? are you jesting? Vous voulez —; you are jesting. Je le disais pour —; I said it in jest. — de bon cœur; to laugh heartily. Pour —; in play, for fun. En riant, or pour —; jokingly, in jest, for fun. Histoire de —; for fun, for a lark. Un roi pour —; a sham king. Un conte pour —; a laughable story. Pincer sans —; to jest bitingly. Tel qui rit vendredi, dimanche pleurera; laughter is akin to tears, or laugh to-day and cry to-morrow.

se rire, v.r., to laugh; to make sport, to jest, to trifle, to scoff. On se rit de lui; he is laughed at.

rire, n.m., laugh; laughter, laughing; giggle; grin. De grands éclats de —; great shouts of laughter. Un — moqueur; a sneer. Un — niais; a silly laugh. Un gros —; loud laughter; a horse-laugh. — étouffé; suppressed laugh; giggle. Accès de —; fit of laughter. Partir d’un éclat de —; to burst out laughing.

ris, n.m., (poet.) laugh, smile, laughter; (nav.) reef (of sails); (cook.) sweet-bread. Un — forcé; a forced laugh. Un — moqueur; a sneer. Prendre un —; (nav.) to take in a reef. — de veau; (cook.) sweet-bread.

risban, n.m., (fort.) risband.

risdale, n.f. V. rixdale.

risée, n.f., laugh, laughter, mockery, derision; butt, laughing-stock; (nav.) gust, squall, flaw. Être, or faire, la — de tout le monde; to be the laughing-stock of everyone. Objet de —; laughing-stock.

riser, v.a., (nav.) to strike a sail, to reef.

risette, n.f., pretty laugh, smile.

risibilité, n.f., risibility.

risible, adj., risible; comical, laughable.

risiblement, adv., laughably.

risquable, adj., adventurous, hazardous; that may be ventured.

risque, n.m., risk, hazard, peril. J’en courrai le —; I will run the risk of it. À tout —; at all hazards or costs. À ses —s et périls; at one’s own risk. Au — de; at the risk of.

risqué, -e, adj., risky, hazardous, hazarded; bold; improper, broad, free.

risquer, v.a., to risk, to hazard, to venture, to run the risk of, to have to fear. Qui ne risque rien n’a rien; nothing venture, nothing have. — le paquet; to risk all or to brave the storm.

se risquer, v.r., to risk, to venture, to take one’s chance of.

risque-tout, n.m., desperado, dare-devil.

risse, n.f., (nav.) lashing-rope.

risser, v.a., to lash, to frap.

rissole, n.f., (cook.) minced meat fritter, rissole.

rissolé, -e, part., (cook.) brown, browned; crackling. Il a le visage —; his face is sunburnt.

rissoler, v.a., (cook.) to roast brown.

se rissoler, v.r., (cook.) to roast brown.

ristorne or ristourne, n.f., (com.) canceling an insurance.

ristorner or ristourner, v.a., (com.) to cancel an insurance; to carry to another account.

rit or rite, n.m., rite.

ritournelle, n.f., (mus.) ritornello, flourish.

ritualiste, n.m.f., ritualist.

rituel, n.m., ritual, prayer-book.

rivage, n.m., shore, sea-shore, strand, beach; bank-side (of rivers); water-side. Être jeté sur le —; to be cast ashore. Quitter le —; to put off.

rival, -e, n. and adj., rival. Ils sont rivaux de gloire; they are rivals in glory.

rivaliser, v.n., to rival, to vie, to compete, to strive, to strive with, to emulate. Ils ont rivalisé d’efforts; they vied with each other in efforts.

rivalité, n.f., rivalry, rivalship, competition, emulation.

rive, n.f., shore, bank (of rivers); border, skirt (of woods). On n’y voit ni fond ni —; (prov.) it is beyond any man’s comprehension.

rivement, n.m., riveting.

river, v.a., to rivet, to clinch. — son clou à quelqu’un; to give any one a clincher, to silence any one.

riverain (rī-vrin), n.m., river-side resident; borderer; owner of riverside property.

riverain, -e, adj., riparian, bordering (on rivers or woods); riverine; possessing property situated along a forest, road, or street.

rivet, n.m., rivet.

rivetage, n.m., riveting.

rivière, n.f., river, stream. Bras d’une —; branch of a river. Gens de —; watermen. La — est marchande; the river is navigable. Les petits ruisseaux font les grandes —s; many a little makes a mickle. Mettre des peaux en —; to soak skins. — de diamants; diamond necklace, stream of diamonds.

rivoir, n.m., riveting-hammer.

rivure, n.f., hinge-pin.

rixdale, n.f., rix-dollar.

rixe, n.f., combat, conflict, fight, scuffle; brawl, dispute, affray; quarrel.

riz (ri), n.m., (bot.) rice. — au lait; rice-milk. Gâteau de —; rice-pudding, rice-cake.

rize, n.m., rize (Turkish coin).

rizière, n.f., rice-field, rice-plantation.

rob, n.m., (pharm.) rob.

robe, n.f., gown, robe, dress, frock; coat (of certain animals); husk, peel (of certain vegetables, fruit); cloth (clergymen); long robe (lawyers). — de femme; dress, gown. — d’enfant; frock. — de chambre; morning-gown, dressing-gown. — décolletée; low dress. — montante; dress high to the neck. Gens de —; gentlemen of the long robe; barristers. En — de chambre; (of potatoes) in their skins, in their jackets.

rober, v.a., to bark (madder). — un chapeau; to rub a hat; (of cigars) to wrap.

robin, n.m., (b.s.) limb of the law, lawyer.

robin, proper name used in the following familiar and proverbial expressions: Toujours souvient à — de ses flûtes; one always remembers one’s old ways. C’est un plaisant —; he is a contemptible fellow, or an easy fool.

robinet, n.m., cock; tap, plug. — à deux eaux, à deux faces, à deux fins; double-valve cock. Fermer le —; to turn off the cock. Ouvrir le —; to turn on the cock.

robinier, n.m., (bot.) robinia, common acacia, locust-tree.

roborati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) (l.u.) roborant.

robre, n.m., rubber (whist).

robuste, adj., robust, hardy, strong, vigorous, sturdy.

robustement, adv., robustly, hardily, lustily, stoutly.

robustesse, n.f., robustness, strength, vigor.

roc, n.m., rock (isolated mass of stony matter); ☉rook, castle (at chess). — vif; solid rock.

*rocaille, n.f., rock-work, grotto work.

*rocailleur, n.m., grotto-maker, rock-work-maker.

*rocailleu-x, -se, adj., pebbly, stony, flinty; rugged, rough. Style —; harsh style.

rocambeau, n.m., (nav.) iron ring (holding the sails round the mast).

rocambole, n.f., (hort.) rocambole, seasoning; a trite, sorry joke; ☉piquancy, point, zest; cream (of anything). Et la —; (pop.) and the rest of it.

roccelle, n.f., (bot.) archil, orchil.

roche, n.f., rock, boulder; quartz, stony mass (inland); rock (insensibility), flint, steel. Cœur de —; heart of flint. Homme de la vieille —; man of the old stamp or school. Il y a quelque anguille sous —; there is a snake in the grass; I can smell a rat. — crayeuse; chalk rock. Eau de —; spring water.

rocher, n.m., rock, boulder, crag (sea-girt usually); (conch.) murex; (artificial) rockery. Plein de —s; rocky. Cœur de —; heart of flint. — escarpé; steep rock.

rocheraie (ro-shré), n.f., (orni.) stock-dove.

rochet, n.m., rocket (surplice); (horl.) rack, ratch; (of machinery) clink; (locksmith’s work) ratchet.

rocheu-x, -se, adj., (geol.) rocky, stony.

rock or rouc, n.m., roc (fabulous bird).

rococo, n.m., and adj., antiquated style, rococo style, bad taste (in arts); antiquated, trumpery, old, old-fashioned.

rocou, rocouer, rocouyer. V. roucou, roucouer, roucouyer.

rôder, v.n., to roam, to rove, to ramble; to prowl.

rôdeur, n.m., roamer, rover, rambler; vagrant; prowler.

rodomont, n.m., rodomont, blusterer, ranter, braggadocio, bully.

rodomontade, n.f., rodomontade, boasting, bluster, bravado, swaggering.

rogations, n.f.pl., (c.rel.) rogation. Jours des —; rogation-days. Semaine des —; rogation week.

rogatoire, adj., (jur.) of inquiry. Commission —; judicial commission (to examine witnesses).

rogatons, n.m.pl., scraps, odds and ends, broken meat; waste paper.

roger-bontemps, n.m., (—s-—) (fam.) a jolly fellow, merry andrew.

*rogne, n.f., itch; mange; (vet.) scab.

*rognement, n.m., cutting, paring, clipping.

*rogne-pieds, n.m.pl., (vet.) farrier’s knife.

*rogner, v.a., to clip, to cut (at the extremities); to pare, to crop, to prune, to lop; to cut off, to cut short, to pare off. — la vigne; to prune the vine. — un livre; to cut a book. — la monnaie; to clip coin. — les ongles à quelqu’un; to clip any one’s wings.

*rogneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., clipper (of coin).

*rogneu-x, -se, adj., itchy, mangy, scabbed, scurvy.

*rognoir, n.m., (book-bind.) plow; cutting-press.

*rognon, n.m., kidney; (pop.) loins; hip; testicle (of some animals). Blessure aux —s d’un cheval; navel-gall. Mine en —s; (metal.) kidney-shaped ore.

*rognonner, v.n., to growl, to grumble.

*rognure, n.f., paring, clipping, cutting. pl., refuse, leavings.

rogomme, n.m., dram, spirits, grog. Voix de —; croaking voice, hoarse voice, drunkard’s voice.

rogue (rog), adj., (fam.) proud, haughty, disdainful.

roi, n.m., king. De par le —; in the king’s name. Vive le —; long live the king. Le jour des —s; Twelfth-day. Gâteau des —s; Twelfth-cake. Fêter, or tirer, les —s; to celebrate Twelfth-night. Vivre en —; to live like a king, like a prince. C’est la cour du — Pétaud; it is Bedlam broke loose. — d’armes; king at arms.

roide, adj. V. raide.

roitelet (roa-tlè), n.m., petty king, kinglet; (orni.) wren. — huppé; golden-crested wren. — triple bandeau; fire-crested wren.

rôlage, n.m., rolling (of tobaccos).

rôle, n.m., roll, scroll; list, rota, roster, catalogue; (thea.) part, character, impersonation; (jur.) cause-list. À tour de —; in turn, by turn, by rotation. Jouer bien son —; to play one’s part well. — de combat; (nav.) quarter-bill. — de quart; watch-bill. — d’équipage; (nav.) muster-roll. Sortir de son —; to be out of character, to exceed one’s attributes. Saisir son —; to catch the spirit of one’s part. Manquer son —; (fig.) to mistake one’s vocation. Outrer son —; to overdo one’s part.

rôler, v.n., (b.s.) to spin out legal documents (to increase the costs).

rôlet, n.m., (l.u.) character, little part. Jouer bien son —; to play one’s part well. Être au bout de son —; to be at one’s wits’ end, at the end of one’s tether.

rollier, n.m., (orni.) roller.

romain, -e, adj., Roman; Romish; (print.) Roman. À la —e; Roman-like. L’Eglise catholique —e; the church of Rome. Calendrier —; Romish calendar. Laitue —e; cos lettuce.

romain, n.m., -e, n.f., Roman.

romain, n.m., (print.) Roman, primer. Gros —; great primer. Petit —; long primer.

romaine, n.f., steelyard; (bot.) cos lettuce.

romaïque, n.m. and adj., Romaic, modern Greek language; Greek, Grecian.

romaïque, n.f., the Greek national dance.

roman, n.m., novel, romance, fiction, romancing tale; Romance (language). Cela tient du —; it is like a romance. C’est une aventure de —; it is a romantic adventure. De —; of novels, romantic, imaginary.

roman, -e, or romance, adj., Romanic, Romance.

romance, n.f., (mus.) ballad, song.

romancer or romanciser, v.n., to romance.

romancero, n.m., (—s) romancero, collection of short Spanish epic poems.

romancier, n.m., romance-writer; novelist, novel-writer.

romane, adj., (arch.) romanesque.

romanesque, adj., fanciful, romantic; romanesque.

romanesquement, adv., romantically, in a romantic manner.

romaniser, v.a. and n., to romanize.

romanticisme, n.m., romanticism.

romantique, n.m. and adj., romanticist, romanticism; romantic, romantical.

romantiquement (-tik-mān), adv., romantically.

romantisme, n.m., romanticism.

romarin, n.m., (bot.) rosemary.

rompement (ronp-mān), n.m., only used in: — de tête; mental fatigue, head-splitting.

rompre, v.a., to break, to break asunder, to snap; to break off, to dissolve; to train, to break in, to train up, to use; to divert, to turn off; (phys.) to refract; (med.) to rupture; (paint.) to blend. — un criminel; to break a criminal upon the wheel. — la tête à quelqu’un; to break any one’s head. — les chemins; to spoil the roads, to break up the roads. — la glace; to break the ice. — le cou à quelqu’un; to break any one’s neck, to ruin any one. — les couleurs; to blend the colors. — la mesure or la semelle; (fenc.) to retire in parrying, to draw back. — le grain germé; to turn the barley. — les bordages; (nav.) to rip off planks. — le sommeil de quelqu’un; to interrupt the sleep of any one. — un coup; to deaden a blow. — le silence; to break silence. — les chiens; (hunt.) to call off the dogs. — l’eau à un cheval; to interrupt a horse in drinking. — un traité; to break off a treaty. — son ménage; to give up housekeeping. — le carré; (milit.) to break the square. — une armée; to disband an army. — la paille; to break off (an agreement, a bargain, etc.); to break off, to fall out with, to become the enemy of any one. — son serment; to break one’s oath. — son jeûne; to break one’s fast. — sa prison; to break out of prison. — son ban; to break one’s ban. — la tête à quelqu’un; to turn any one’s brain; to worry any one. — un homme aux affaires; to train a man up to business. — un cheval; to break in a horse. À tout —; furiously, frantically. Cet acteur a été applaudi à tout —; that actor received frantic applause.

se rompre, v.r., to break, to break off, to snap, to break up, to break asunder; to discontinue; (phys.) to be refracted; (med.) to rupture. Se — la tête; to puzzle, or rack, one’s brains.

rompre, v.n., to break, to break asunder, to break off, to snap, to break up; to discontinue, to have done. — court; to break off short. — en visière avec quelqu’un; to tell any one the truth to his face; to quarrel openly with any one, to break off with any one.

rompu, -e, part., broken, snapped; broken in; (nav.) hogged (of a ship). Être — aux affaires; to be used, or accustomed, to business. Tout — de fatigue; quite worn out with fatigue. Travailler à bâtons —s; to work by fits and starts. Nombre —; (l.u.) fraction.

ronce, n.f., (bot.) bramble, brier; blackberry-bush; blackberry-tree; (fig.) thorn, obstacle.

ronceraie, n.f., brake, briery.

rond, -e, adj., round; rotund; frank, easy, plain-dealing; even (of money, accounts). Un peu —; roundish. Du fil —; coarse thread. Pain —; coarse bread. Voix —e; full voice. Compte —; even account. C’est un homme tout —; he is a plain-dealing man, or honesty itself. Être — en affaires; to be straightforward in business matters. Figure de —e bosse; (sculpt.) figure in alto-relievo. Période —e; full and rounded period.

rond, n.m., round, orb, ring, circle, disk. Danser en —; to dance in a ring. — d’eau; circular basin of water. — de serviette; napkin ring.

rondache, n.f., round buckler, round shield.

ronde, n.f., round; patrol; table song, roundelay; (mus.) semibreve; round hand (writing). Faire la —; to go the rounds. À la —; round about. Boire à la —; to drink all round. Passer à la —; to hand round, to pass round. Chemin des —s; round-way.

rondeau, n.m., rondeau, roundelay (French poet.); (mus.) rondo.

rondelet, -te (rōn-dlè, -t), adj., roundish, plump, plumpish.

rondelette, n.f., ground-ivy.

rondelettes, n.f.pl., sail-cloth made in Brittany.

rondelle, n.f., round shield; rundle, ring; washer (of a wheel); sculptor’s rounded chisel.

rondement (rōn-dmān), adv., roundly; quickly; briskly, vigorously; plainly, frankly; with a high hand. Mener une affaire —; not to dilly-dally. Y aller —; to act frankly and quickly. Il va — en besogne; he goes briskly to work.

rondeur, n.f., roundness, smoothness, undulating expanse, rotundity; fullness, flow; openness, plain dealing; curve, compass (of a piece of timber used in shipbuilding).

rondin, n.m., billet, round log; cudgel.

rondiner, v.a., to cudgel. — d’importance; to beat soundly.

rondon, n.m., (hawking) swoop, impetuosity. En —; impetuously.

rond-point, n.m. (—s-—s) (arch.) apsis; circus (place where several roads, or walks, meet).

ronflant, -e, adj., snoring; sonorous, high-sounding; loud.

ronflement, n.m., snoring, snore; roaring, peal, rumbling; humming; snorting (of horses). — des vents; roaring of the wind. — d’une toupie; humming of a top.

ronfler, v.n., to snore; (of horses) to snort; (of cannon, thunder) to roar; (of organs) to peal; (of spinning-tops) to hum.

ronfleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., snorer.

ronge, n.m., (hunt.) ruminating. Le cerf fait le —; the stag is ruminating.

rongeant, -e, adj., gnawing, devouring, corroding; (med.) corrosive.

*ronge-maille, n.m., (—) nibble (rat). Maître —; squire nibble.

ronge-ver, n.m., gnawing worm.

ronger, v.a., to gnaw, to nibble, to pick; to waste, to consume, to eat up, to corrode; to fret, to torment, to prey upon (the mind). — un os; to pick, or gnaw, a bone. — son frein; to champ the bit; to fret inwardly, to chafe. — ses ongles; to bite one’s nails. La rouille ronge le fer; rust corrodes iron. Donner un os à — à quelqu’un; (fig.) to bestow upon, to grant any one, a favor; to cut out work for any one, to give any one trouble.

rongeur, n. and adj. m., (mam.) rodent; gnawing, biting; corroding; consuming. Ver —; never-dying worm.

ronron, n.m., purr, purring. Faire —; to purr.

roquefort, n.m., Roquefort cheese.

☉roquelaure, n.f., roquelaure (sort of cloak).

roquentin, n.m., dotard, gray-beard, old buck.

roquer, v.n., to castle, to rook (at chess).

roquet, n.m., pug-dog; (fam.) dog, puppy, cur (person).

roquette, n.f., (bot.) rocket. — sauvage; wild rocket.

☉*roquille, n.f., gill, quartern.

rorage, n.m., dew-bleaching.

rosace, n.f., (arch.) rose; rose-work; (Gothic arch.) rose-window.

rosacé, -e, adj., (bot.) rosaceous.

rosacées, n.f.pl., (bot.) rose-tribe, rosaceæ.

rosage, n.m., (bot.) oleander, rose-bay; rosing (dyeing).

rosagine, n.f., (bot.) rose-bay.

rosaire, n.m., rosary.

rosat, adj., (pharm.) of roses. Miel —; honey of roses.

rosbif, n.m., (—s) roast-beef.

rose, n.f., rose; (arch.) rose-window; rose-diamond. Couleur de —; rose-colored. De —; rosy. — d’Inde; African marigold. Laurier-—, (—s-—s) rose-laurel. — gueldre; Guelder-rose. — des quatre saisons; monthly rose. — de diamants; cluster of diamonds in the form of a rose. Diamant en —; rose-cut diamond. — des vents; (nav.) compass-card. Découvrir le pot aux —s; to find out the secret. Il n’est point de — sans épines; there is no rose without a thorn.

rose, adj., rosy, pink; rose-colored.

rose, n.m., rose-color.

rosé, -e, adj., roseate, rosy.

roseau, n.m., reed, reed-cane; reed-grass. — de marais; common marsh-reed. — cultivé; evergreen reed. — odorant; sweet-flag. — des Indes; bamboo. Lieu planté de —x; reed-bank. Plein, or couvert, de —x; reedy. C’est un — peint en fer; his looks belie his firmness.

rose-croix, n.m., (—s-—) Rosicrucian.

rosée, n.f., dew; (vet.) oozing blood. — du soleil; (bot.) sun-dew. — du matin; morning-dew. Goutte de —; dew-drop.

roselet (rô-zlè), n.m., (mam.) stoat.

roselière, n.f., reed-bank, reed-field.

roselle, n.f., (orni.) redwing.

roséole, n.f., (med.) roseola, scarlet rash.

roser, v.a., to rose. Se —; to become rosy; to assume a roseate hue.

roseraie (rôz-rè), n.f., rosery, rose garden.

rosette, n.f., rosette; small rose; rose-diamond, rose; red ink; red chalk; (ich.) gray gurnard; (metal.) cake; (orni.) redwing, swine-pipe; (hat-making) tip; (paint.) rosette, roset. Diamant à —; rose-diamond.

rosier, n.m., rose-tree, rose-bush.

rosière, n.f., rose-queen; (ich.) minnow, pink.

roson, n.m. V. rosace.

rosse, n.f., jade, screw; (ich.) roach.

rosser, v.a., to belabor, to lick, to thrash, to maul, to drub, to give a drubbing to.

*rossignol, n.m., (orni.) nightingale; pipe, flute (made of bark); stop (of organ); picklock; skeleton key; (carp.) wedge; shopkeeper (old article). — d’Arcadie; jackass. — de muraille; (orni.) red-start.

*rossignoler, v.n., (fam.) to imitate the nightingale’s song.

rossinante, n.f., Rosinante (sorry horse).

rossinante, n.m., Rosinante (Don Quixote’s horse).

rossolis, n.m., rossolis (liquor); (bot.) sun-dew.

roster, v.a. V. rouster.

rostral, -e, adj., rostral.

rostre, n.m., (zoöl.) rostrum.

rostré, -e, adj., rostrate, rostrated.

rosture, n.f. V. rousture.

rot, n.m., (l.ex.) belch, eructation. Faire un —; to belch.

rôt, n.m., roast, roast meat; first course. Gros —; joint of meat. Petit —; roast of game.

rotacé, -e, adj., (bot.) rotate, rotated.

rotang, n.m. V. rotin.

rotateur, n. and adj. m., (anat.) rotator; rotatory.

rotateurs, n.m.pl., (zoöl.) rotatories.

rotation, n.f., rotation.

rotatoire, adj., rotatory.

rotatoires, n.m.pl. (ent.) rotifers, rotatories, wheel-animals, wheel-insects, wheel-animalcules.

rote, n.f., rota (court of Rome).

roter, v.n., (l.ex.) to belch.

rôti, n.m., roast, roast meat (prov.). Il ne faut pas s’endormir sur le —; we must have our wits about us, or not neglect our work.

rôtie (-tî), n.f., toast. Une —; a round of toast. — au beurre; buttered toast. — au vin; toast in wine.

rotifère, n.m., (ent.) rotifer, wheel-animal.

rotiforme, adj., (zoöl.) wheel-shaped.

rotin, n.m., (bot.) rotang; rattan, rattan-cane.

rôtir, v.a., to roast; to broil; to toast (bread); to burn, to parch. — au four; to bake. N’être bon ni à — ni à bouillir; to be fit for nothing.

se rôtir, v.r., to parch, to burn, to roast one’s self.

rôtir, v.n., to roast, to broil, to toast.

rôtissage, n.m., roasting.

rôtisserie (-ti-srî), n.f., cook-shop.

rôtisseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., cook-shop keeper. — en blanc; poulterer.

rôtissoire, n.f., roasting screen, roaster, Dutch oven.

rotonde, n.f., rotunda, back part of a diligence. En —; circular.

rotondité, n.f., rotundity, roundness; plumpness, fatness.

rotule, n.f., (anat.) patella, knee-cap.

roture, n.f., commonalty, plebeian state. Il est né dans la —; he is of ignoble birth.

roturi-er, -ère, n. and adj., commoner; plebeian, of mean birth; vulgar, mean. ☉Air —; vulgar air.

roturièrement (-rièr-mān), adv., in a plebeian manner; vulgarly.

rouage, n.m., wheelwork, wheels; machinery; (horl.) movement.

rouan, -ne, adj., (of horses) roan.

rouan, n.m., roan horse.

rouanne, n.f., brand-iron, marking-iron.

rouanner, v.a., to brand, to mark.

rouannette, n.f., (carp.). V. rainette.

rouble, n.m., rouble, ruble (Russian coin).

rouc, n.m. V. rock.

rouche, n.f., (nav.) a ship’s hull.

roucou, n.m., (bot.) and (dy.) arnotto.

roucouer, v.a., to paint with arnotto.

se roucouer, v.r., to paint one’s self with arnotto.

roucoulement (-kool-mān), n.m., cooing.

roucouler, v.n. and a., to coo (pigeons); to warble (out) or (forth).

roucouyer, n.m., (bot.) arnotto-tree.

roudou, n.m. V. redoul.

roue, n.f., wheel; paddle; (torture) wheel; (artil.) truck. — d’affût de canon; truck of a gun-carriage. — d’une horloge; clock-wheel. — à aubes or à pales; paddle-wheel. — hydraulique; water-wheel. Pousser à la —; to put one’s shoulder to the wheel, to help on. Mettre des bâtons dans les —s; to thwart, to put spokes into the wheels (of). Un paon fait la —; a peacock spreads his tail. Faire la —; to strut, to stalk, to show off, to wheel about; to tumble over and over, to do the windmill. — de compte; (horl.) notch-wheel. — dentée; toothed-wheel, — de rencontre; (horl.) balance-wheel. — de câble; (nav.) coil. — de gouvernail; steering-wheel. Mettre à la —; to rack, to put to the rack.

roué, n.m., roué; rake, profligate; trickster.

roué, -e, adj., crafty, sharp, artful; very deep; knocked up, broken down. — de coups; soundly thrashed.

rouelle, n.f., round slice, collop; (vet.) rowel. — de citron; slice of lemon. — de veau; fillet of veal.

rouennerie (rooa-n-rî), n.f., printed cotton goods; Rouen goods.

rouer, v.a., to break upon the wheel; to crush; to jade. — quelqu’un de coups; to beat any one unmercifully. Être roué de fatigue; to be jaded with fatigue. — un câble; to coil a cable.

rouerie (roo-rî), n.f., piece of knavery, sharp practice, cheat; trickery.

rouet, n.m., small wheel; spinning-wheel; purr (of a cat); (nav.) sheave. — de moulin; cog-wheel of a mill. — de tisserand; weaver’s cloth-beam. — d’arquebuse; lock of an arquebuse. Faire le —; to purr.

rouette, n.f., (tech.) osier-twig.

roue-vis, n.f., (—s-—) screw-wheel.

rouge, adj., red; blood-red; blood-shot; red-hot. Fer —; red-hot iron; (of partridges) red-legged. Boulets —s; red-hot balls. Cuivre —; copper. — trogne; (fam.) red face.

rouge, n.m., red; red paint, rouge; redness, blush; (orni.) shoveler. — vif; deep red, bright red. — brun; brownish red. — d’écarlate; scarlet. — sanguin; blood red. — de garance; madder.

rouge, adv., only used in: Se fâcher tout —; to get downright angry.

rougeâtre (-jâtr), adj., reddish.

rougeaud, -e (-jô, -d), n. and adj., red-faced person; ruddy-faced, red-faced, ruddy.

rouge-bord, n.m., (—s-—s) bumper (of red wine).

rouge-gorge, n.m., (—s-—s) (orni.) redbreast, robin redbreast.

rougeole (-jol), n.f., (med.) measles, (bot.) cow-wheat.

rouge-queue, n.m., (—s-—s) red-start, red-tail.

rouget, n.m., (ich.) gurnet, red gurnet; red surmullet; (ent.) wheal-worm. adj., reddish.

rougette, n.f., (mam.) pteropus.

rougeur, n.f., redness, blush, glow, color. pl., (med.) rosy-drop, red-spot. La — lui est montée au visage; the color came into her cheeks.

rougir, v.n., to redden, to grow red; to color, to color up, to blush, to be ashamed. — de honte; to blush with shame. — de colère; to grow red with anger. — jusqu’au blanc des yeux; to blush up to the eyes, to color up to the eyes. Faire — quelqu’un; to put any one to the blush.

rougir, v.a., to redden; to tinge with red or blood; to mix red wine with water.

roui, n.m., steeping, soaking, maceration; retting; fustiness, rancidness. Sentir le —; to have a rancid taste.

*rouille, n.f., rust, rustiness (of metals); flaw (of mirrors); (bot.) mildew, blight, blast. La — mange le fer; rust corrodes iron. Ces froments sont chargés de —; this wheat is mildewed.

*rouillé, -e, adj., rusty; blighted (of corn).

*rouiller, v.a., to rust, to make rusty; to blight; to impair.

se rouiller, v.r., to rust, to grow rusty; to get rusty, to become rusty; to rust, to be impaired.

*rouilleu-x, -se, adj., ferruginated.

*rouillure, n.f., rustiness, rust.

rouir, v.a., to steep, to soak, to macerate (hemp, flax), to ret.

rouir, v.n., to be retted.

rouissage, n.m., soaking, steeping, retting.

rouissoir, n.m., rettery.

roulade, n.f., roll, rolling; (mus.) roulade, trill, shake; (cook.) collar. Faire une — de; (cook.) to collar.

roulage, n.m., rolling; carriage (of goods); wagon-office; wagoning. — accéléré; fly-wagon. Voiture de —; goods wagon.

roulant, -e, adj., rolling; easy (of roads); (surg.) moving (of veins). Chemin —; easy way. Feu —; (milit.) running fire. Presse —e; (print.) press at work.

rouleau, n.m., roll; roller; rolling-pin; roll, twist (of tobacco); coil (of a rope); (med.) roller; (print.) roller; (tech.) sheave. — de papier; roll of paper. Plier en —; to roll up. Être au bout de son —; to be at one’s wits’ end, or at the end of one’s tether. — d’imprimeur; printer’s roller.

roulée, n.f., (pop.) thrashing, drubbing.

roulement (rool-mān), n.m., rolling, roll, rumbling; (mus.) roll; roll (of a drum); rotation; volutation. — d’yeux; rolling of the eyes. — de fonds; (com.) circulation of capital. Fonds de —; floating capital.

rouler, v.a., to roll, to roll up; to wind, to wind up; to revolve, to turn over; to pass, to pass away; (of meat) to collar; (fig.) to do for a person. — une chose dans sa tête; to turn a thing over in one’s mind. — sa vie; to pass one’s life. — carrosse; to keep a carriage. Je l’ai roulé; I did for him or I bowled him over.

se rouler, v.r., to roll one’s self, to roll, to tumble; to wallow; to wind; to fight, to have a set to.

rouler, v.n., to roll, to revolve; to tumble; to toss; to ramble, to wander, to stroll; to keep going; to succeed by rotation; to be plentiful; to turn upon (of a thing). Faire — la presse; (print.) to set the press going. — sur l’or et sur l’argent; to roll in riches. Tout roule là-dessus; all turns upon that. Ils roulent ensemble; they take their turns. Faire —; to keep going. Pierre qui roule n’amasse pas de mousse; a rolling stone gathers no moss. La conversation roula sur ce sujet; the conversation turned upon this subject.

roulet, n.m., hatter’s roller.

roulette, n.f., roller, truckle, little wheel; truckle-bed; ☉hand-chaise, Bath-chair; caster; roulette (game); (geom.) cycloid. Cela marche comme sur des —s; that is getting on swimmingly. Lit à —s; bedstead on casters. — de relieur; book-binder’s fillet.

rouleur, n.m., (ent.) vine-fretter, vine-grub, (nav.) rolling vessel.

rouleuse, n.f., caterpillar.

roulier, n.m., wagoner, carter, carrier.

roulière, n.f., wagoner’s smock.

roulis, n.m., (nav.) rolling, laboring; roll (of the waves).

rouloir, n.m., rolling-board (for candles); roller, cylinder.

roulotte, n.f., wagon.

roupie, n.f., rupee; (l.ex.) snivel. Avoir la —; to snivel.

roupieu-x, -se, adj., (l.u.) snively, sniveling.

*roupiller, v.n., (pop.) to doze, to snooze.

*roupilleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (pop.) dozer, snoozer.

roure, n.m., (bot.) English oak.

roussâtre, adj., reddish, russet.

rousseau, n. and adj. m., (fam.) red-haired fellow; red-haired.

rousselet (roo-slè), n.m., (bot.) russet pear.

rousserolle (roo-srol), n.f., (orni.) great sedge-warbler.

roussette, n.f., (orni.) bog-rush, hedge-sparrow; (ich.) dog-fish, bounce; (mam.) pteropus.

rousseur, n.f., redness; freckle. Avoir des —s, avoir des taches de —; to be freckled.

roussi, n.m., burnt smell; burning, smell of burning; ☉Russia leather.

roussin, n.m., thick-set stallion. — d’Arcadie; ass, jackass, moke.

roussir, v.a. and n., to redden; to singe, to scorch; to dye of a rusty color, or of a fawn-color; to grow red, to turn red; to singe, to scorch. Faire —; to brown (meat, etc.).

roussissage, n.m., dyeing red.

rouster or rusturer, v.a., (nav.) to woold, to wind (ropes).

rousture or rosture, n.f., (nav.) woolding.

rout (raoot), n.m., (—) rout (assembly). V. raout.

*routailler, v.a., (hunt.) to track.

route, n.f., road, way; journey, route, direction, path, course; (nav.) track, course, way, run; riding (in a forest); track, path (of planets, comets). Grand’—, (—-—s) highway. — ordinaire; common road. — de traverse; cross road. Il est resté en —; he remained behind. Il est en —; he is on his way. Prendre la — de; to take the way to, to go in the direction of, to make for. Faire —; to travel. Faire —; (nav.) to sail. À la —! (nav.) steer the course! Porter à —; to go, or take, a straight course. Faire fausse —; to take the wrong road; (nav.) to alter the course; (fig.) to take a wrong step; to make a mistake. — estimée; (nav.) dead reckoning. Feuille de —; (milit.) route; way-bill (of public conveyances). On lui a tracé sa —; his course is marked out for him. La — de la vertu; the path of virtue.

routier (-tié), n.m., (geog.) tract chart, road book; (nav.) sailing orders, guide, pilot. Vieux —; old stager.

routi-er, -ère, adj., of roads. Carte —ère; road-map. Locomotive —; traction engine, road engine.

routine, n.f., routine, habit; rote (frequent repetition of sounds). Par —; by routine, by habit, by rote.

routiner, v.a., (l.u.) to teach by routine.

routini-er, -ère, n. and adj., person acting by routine, red-tapist; of routine, routine-like.

routoir, n.m., retting-pond; retting-pit.

rouverin (roo-vrin), adj.m., (metal.) blistered, brittle, hot, short.

rouvieux or roux-vieux, n. and adj. m. (n.p.), (vet.) mange; mangy.

rouvre, n.m., (bot.) English oak. V. roure.

rouvrir, v.a., to open again. — une plaie; to reopen a wound. Se —; to open again.

rou-x, -sse, adj., reddish, red-haired, russet; sandy, carroty. Vents —; cold dry winds. Lune —sse; April moon.

roux, n.m., reddish color; russet; (mam.) field-mouse; (cook.) brown butter sauce. — ardent; fiery red.

roux-vieux, n.m. V. rouvieux.

royal, -e (roa-yal), adj., royal, regal, kingly, kinglike.

royale (roa-yal), n.f., tuft of beard just below the underlip, chin-tuft.

royalement (roa-yal-mān), adv., royally, regally, in a kingly manner.

royalisme (roa-ya-), n.m., royalism.

royaliste (roa-ya-), n.m.f. and adj., royalist.

royaume (roa-yôm), n.m., kingdom, realm.

royauté (roa-yô-), n.f., royalty. Abdiquer la —; to abdicate the throne. Les marques de la —; the regalia.

r.p., initial letters of Révérend Père; reverend father.

rr., abbreviation of Royales, royal.

ru, n.m., channel or bed (of a small stream).

ruade, n.f., kick (of horses, etc.). pl., kicking. Détacher, or lancer, une —; to give a kick.

rubabelle or rubace, n.f., rubicel, rubicelle.

ruban, n.m., ribbon; (arch.) beading. Garniture de —s; set of ribbons. — de fil; tape. —-d’eau, (—s-—) (bot.) bur-reed, reed-grass. Canon à —; twisted gun-barrel. —s de la glotte, —s vocaux; (anat.) vocal cords. — de soie; silk ribbon. — de velours; velvet ribbon.

rubané, -e, part., (zoöl.) striped; flattened, ribbon-like. Canon —; twisted gun-barrel.

rubaner, v.a., to trim with ribbons; to arrange flax and hemp fibers; to divide wax into bandelets; to twist a band of iron to turn it into gun-barrels.

rubanerie (-ba-n-rî), n.f., ribbon-weaving; ribbon-trade.

rubani-er, -ère, adj., ribbon. Industrie —ère; ribbon-manufacture, ribbon trade.

rubanier, n.m., ribbon-weaver; (bot.) burweed.

rubanière, n.f., ribbon-weaver.

rubarbe, n.f. V. rhubarbe.

rubasse, n.f., (min.) colored quartz.

rubéfaction, n.f., (med.) rubefaction.

rubéfiant, -e, adj., (med.) rubefacient.

rubéfiant, n.m., (med.) rubefacient.

rubéfier, v.a., or se —, v.r., (med.) to rubify.

☉rubeline, n.f. V. rouge-gorge.

rubéole, n.f., (bot.) cross-wort.

rubescent, -e, adj., rubescent.

rubiacé, -e, adj., red-colored.

rubiacées, n.f.pl., plants of the madder family.

rubican, n.m. and adj., rubican color; rubican.

rubicon, n.m., Rubicon. Passer le —; to take a desperate step.

rubicond, -e, adj., rubicund; bloated; blowzy.

rubification, n.f., rubification.

rubigineu-x, -se, adj., rubiginous.

☉rubine, n.f., (chem.) ruby. — d’argent; red-silver, ruby-silver. — d’arsenic; realgar.

rubis, n.m., ruby; red pimple, grog-blossom. Faire — sur l’ongle; to drink to the last drop. Payer — sur l’ongle; to pay to the last farthing. Monté sur —; jeweled.

rubricaire, n.m., rubrician, rubricist.

rubricateur, n.m., artist who illuminated manuscripts in the Middle Ages.

rubrique, n.f., method, rule, practice; head; title; trick; ruddle, red chalk. pl., (canon law) rubric. Sous la — de; under the head of.

ruche, n.f., hive; swarm; (needlework) quilling, frilling, ruche. — d’abeilles; bee-hive. Châtrer une —; to cut away the wax and honey from a hive.

ruché, -e, adj., quilted. n.m., frilling.

ruchée, n.f., hive-full.

rucher, n.m., stand for bees; apiary.

rucher, v.a., (needlework) to quilt, to frill.

rudâni-er, -ère, adj., (l.u.) surly, churlish, uncouth.

rude, adj., harsh, rough, rugged, steep, uneven; sharp, rude, hard; disagreeable; grating, violent, fierce; severe, bitter; rigid, strict; formidable; uncouth, unpolished; impetuous, boisterous; troublesome, difficult. Avoir la peau —; to have a rough skin. Une — épreuve; a severe trial. Chemin —; rugged road. Avoir la voix —; to have a harsh voice. Des manières —s; rough, coarse, uncouth manners. Un — assaut; a fierce assault. Les temps sont —s; times are hard. Des paroles —s; harsh words.

rudement (ru-dmān), adv., roughly, ruggedly, harshly, sharply, severely, strictly; tumultuously, violently, impetuously, rudely. Traiter —; to treat roughly. Aller — en besogne; to work with a vengeance.

rudenté, -e, adj., (arch.) cabled (of columns).

rudenture, n.f., (arch.) cabling, rudenture.

rudesse, n.f., harshness; roughness; ruggedness; severity; tumultuousness; fierceness, violence; austerity, strictness; troublesomeness; rude thing, coarse thing; rudeness.

rudiment, n.m., rudiment.

rudimentaire, adj., rudimental, elementary, rudimentary.

rudoyer, v.a., to use roughly, harshly; to speak harshly to; to bully; to ill-treat (a horse).

rue, n.f., street; (bot.) rue. — passante; much frequented street. Courir les —s; to run about the streets; (fig.) to be in everybody’s mouth (of news); to be common (of a thing). — de traverse; cross-street. — écartée; back street. Il est fou à courir les —s; he is stark, staring mad. Les —s en sont pavées; (prov.) it is as common as dust. Être vieux comme les —s; to be as old as the hills. — de chèvre; goat’s-rue.

ruelle, n.f., lane, alley, by-street; bed-side, wall-side; (fig.) lady’s alcove; private circle; literary coterie. Les belles —s de Paris; the best drawing-rooms in the town.

rueller, v.a., to mold (vines).

ruer, v.a., (l.u.) to fling, to hurl, to cast; to throw. — de grands coups; to deal heavy blows.

se ruer, v.r., to throw one’s self; to rush upon.

ruer, v.n., to kick (of horses, etc.).

rueu-r, -se, n. and adj., (man.) kicker; given to kicking.

rugine, n.f., (surg.) rugine, scalp; (dentist’s) tooth-scaler.

ruginer, v.a., (surg.) to scalp.

rugir, v.n., to roar, to yell.

rugissant, -e, adj., roaring.

rugissement (-jis-mān), n.m., roaring, roar.

rugosité, n.f., rugosity, roughness, unevenness; wrinkle.

rugueu-x, -se (-gheû, -z), adj., rugose, rough, uneven; wrinkled.

ruilée, n.f., (arch.) verge.

ruine, n.f., ruin, decay; overthrow, destruction, downfall; desolation. Tomber en —s; to fall to, to crumble to, ruins. Tomber en —; to run to ruin. Courir à sa —; to go to one’s ruin; to go to wrack and ruin. Cet édifice menace —; this building is falling to ruins. Sortir de ses —s; to rise from its ruins (of towns, etc.). Battre en —; (milit.) to batter down.

ruiné, -e, adj., ruined. Son crédit est —; his crédit is gone. Un tempérament —; a worn-out constitution.

ruiner, v.a., to ruin, to lay waste; to spoil; to undo, to overthrow, to destroy. — un cheval; to spoil a horse.

se ruiner, v.r., to decay; to fall into decay; to ruin one’s self; to be ruined, spoilt.

ruineu-x, -se, adj., falling to ruin; ruinous.

ruinure, n.f., (carp.) bearing.

ruisseau, n.m., brook, stream, rivulet; gutter, street kennel. Petit —; rivulet, brook, streamlet, rill.

ruisselant, -e (rui-slān, -t), adj., streaming, running down, dripping.

ruisseler (rui-slé), v.n., to gush, to stream; to trickle, to trickle down, to run down.

☉ruisselet (rui-slè), n.m., rivulet, brooklet.

rum, n.m. V. rhum.

rumb (romb), n.m., (nav.) rhumb, rhomb.

rumen (-mè-n), n.m., rumen, paunch.

rumeur, n.f., rumor, report; clamor, uproar, noise.

ruminant, -e, adj., ruminant, ruminating.

ruminant, n.m., (mam.) ruminant.

rumination, n.f., rumination, chewing the cud.

ruminer, v.n., to ruminate, to chew the cud; (fig.) to muse on, to ponder over, to think over.

ruminer, v.a., to ruminate; to think over, to muse over. Que ruminez-vous là? what are you thinking about or turning over in your mind?

runes, n.f.pl., runes, runic characters.

runique, adj., runic.

rupture, n.f., breaking, rupture, breaking off; (fig.) complete separation (between two persons); bursting; (med.) rupture, hernia; fracture; (paint.) mixing of colors. La — d’un os; the fracture of a bone. La — d’un tendon; the rupture of a sinew. La — d’un mariage; the breaking off of a match. En — de ban; escaped from banishment. Ils en sont venus à une —; all is at end between them.

rural, -e, adj., rural.

ruse, n.f., artifice, wile, deceit, craft, ruse, cunning, trick; (hunt.) double. User de —s; to practice deceit. — de guerre; stratagem of war.

rusé, -e, adj., artful, deceitful, cunning, crafty, sly, subtle, designing. Un — matois; a knowing card. Avoir l’air —; to look cunning.

ruser, v.n., to use deceit, craft, guile, artifice, cunning; (hunt.) to double.

russe, n.m.f. and adj., Russian.

rustaud, -e, adj., (fam.) boorish, rustic, coarse, uncouth.

rustaud, n.m., (fam.) rustic; clod-hopper.

rustaudement (-tô-dmān), adv., (fam.). V. rustiquement.

rustauderie (-tô-drî), n.f. (fam.). V. rusticité.

rusticité, n.f., rusticity, clownishness, churlishness, uncouthness.

rustique, adj., rural, rustic, country; artless, boorish. Vie —; country life. Manières —s; rustic manners. Langage —; boorish language.

rustique, n.m., (arch.) rustic order.

rustiquement (-tik-mān), adv., rustically, rudely, clownishly, boorishly, uncouthly.

rustiquer, v.a., (arch.) to rough-cast, to jag out.

rustre, n.m. and adj., boor, clown, churl, clodhopper; boorish, clownish, rude.

rusturer, v.a. V. rouster.

rut (rut), n.m., rut (of deer). Être en —; to rut.

rutabaga, n.m., (agri.) Swedish turnip, rutabaga.

rutilant, -e, adj., rutilant, shining, brilliant.

rutiler, v.n., to shine, to rutilate.

rutoir, n.m., (manu.) retting-pit; retting-pond.

ryott, n.m., ryot (in India).

rythme, n.m., rhythm.

rythmique, adj., rhythmical.

S

s (èss), n.f., (se), n.m., the nineteenth letter of the alphabet, s. [S is added for the sake of euphony to the second pers. sing. of the imperative of verbs of the first conjugation before y, as: vas-y; go there; and also before en, as: donnes-en; give some.] Faire des S; to reel about, to stagger (like a drunken man).

s’, contraction of se.

sa, adj.f., his, her, one’s, its. V. son.

sabbat, n.m., Sabbath, seventh day of the week among the Jews; Sabbath (sabbatic year), nocturnal meeting or nightly revels (of witches); racket, uproar, tumult, scolding. — de chats; caterwauling. Faire un —; to kick up a shindy. Faire un beau — à quelqu’un; to scold any one well.

sabbataire, n.m., Sabbatarian; Seventh-day Baptist.

sabbatique, adj., sabbatical (of years).

sabbatisme, n.m., sabbatism.

sabéen (-in), adj., sabian.

sabéisme or sabaïsme, n.m., Sabaism.

sabin, -e, n.m.f., Sabine man or woman.

sabine, n.f., (bot.) savin.

sabisme, n.m., Sabaism.

sable, n.m., sand; gravel, ballast; (l.u.) hour-glass; (her.) sable.

sablé, -e, adj., laid with sand, sanded. Allée —e; gravel-walk or path.

sabler, v.a., to gravel, to sand, to cover with sand or gravel; to drink off. — un verre de vin; to toss off a glass of wine.

sableu-x, -se, adj., sandy.

sablier, n.m., sand-glass; hour-glass; sand-man, dealer in sand; (nav.) glass; sand-box; (bot.) sand-box.

sablière, n.f., sand-pit, gravel-pit; (carp.) raising-piece; (arch.) wall-plate; torsel.

sablon, n.m., fine sand, scouring sand.

sablonner, v.a., to sand, to scour with sand.

sablonneu-x, -se, adj., sandy, graveled; gritty.

sablonnier, n.m., dealer in sand.

sablonnière, n.f., sand-pit, gravel-pit.

sabord, n.m., (nav.) port, port-hole, gun-port.

sabordement, n.m., (nav.) scuttling.

saborder, v.a., (nav.) to scuttle.

sabot, n.m., sabot, wooden shoe, horse’s hoof, clog; shoe (of carriages); (conch.) turban, turban-shell; socket (of furniture); top (plaything); sorry fiddle; (of ships) old tub. Dormir comme un —; to sleep like a top.

saboter, v.n., to whip a top; to clatter with one’s shoes. v.a., to arm the end of a stake with an iron socket; (pop.) to bungle, to botch.

saboteur, n.m., bungler.

sabotier (-tié), n.m., clog maker, wearer or maker of wooden shoes, wooden shoe-maker.

sabotière, n.f., wooden-shoe shop; dance of people (in wooden shoes).

sabouler, v.a., (pop.) to push about, to jostle, to hustle; to scold, to rate, to bully.

sabre, n.m., saber; broadsword. — baïonnette; rifle-sword, sword-bayonet. — poignard; dirk, saber-poniard.

☉sabrenas, n.m., cobbler; bungler.

☉sabrenasser, v.a. V. sabrenauder.

☉sabrenauder, v.a., to cobble, to botch, to bungle.

sabrer, v.a., to strike or cut with a saber, to saber; to hurry over, to botch, to bungle. — une affaire; to hurry over any business.

sabretache, n.f., (milit.) sabretache.

sabreur, n.m., (fam.) brave soldier, hard fighter, swash-buckler; (fig.) bungler, botcher. Beau —; dashing soldier (cavalry).

☉sabuleu-x, -se, adj., gritty.

saburral, -e, adj., (med.) saburral.

saburre, n.f., (med.) indigestion, foulness of the stomach.

sac, n.m., sack, bag; knapsack; sackcloth; poke-net; (surg.) sac; bag, pouch (of certain animals); plunder, sack, sacking, pillage, ransacking. — de nuit; carpet-bag. — à ouvrage; work-bag. Homme de — et de corde; Newgate-bird. — à vin; drunkard. — à papier! zounds! hang it! bless me! Cul-de-—, (—s-—) blind alley. Mettre quelqu’un au —; to nonplus any one. Tirer d’un — deux moutures; to take double fees. Voir le fond du —; to sift an affair to the bottom. Prendre quelqu’un la main dans le —; to catch any one in the very act, or red-handed. — de blé; sack of wheat. — de procès; lawyer’s bag. Donner communication de son —; (jur.) to communicate papers. Être dans le —; to be in a fair way (to succeed). Remplir son —; (fam., pop.) to fill one’s belly. Donner à quelqu’un son —; to send any one about his business, to give any one the sack. Dans les petites —s sont les fines épices; small parcels hold fine wares. Vider son —; to exhaust one’s budget, to have one’s say out. Prendre son — et ses quilles; to pack off, bag and baggage. Mettre une ville à —; to plunder, to sack a town. Juger sur l’étiquette du —; to judge by appearances.

saccade, n.f., (man.) saccade, jerk (with a bridle); check, rebuke, reproof, reprimand; scolding, rating; (fig.) sudden, brusque movement; fit, start. Par —s; by fits and starts.

saccadé, -e, part., jerked, by jerks; broken, irregular. Style —; abrupt style. Phrases —es; short, pithy sentences.

saccader, v.a., (man.) to jerk, to check.

saccage, n.m., havoc, confusion, jumble, confused heap.

saccagement (sa-kaj-mān), n.m., sack, sackage, sacking, pillaging, ransacking, plunder.

saccager, v.a., to sack, to ransack, to pillage, to plunder; to throw into confusion.

saccageur, n.m., plunderer; sacker, ravager.

saccatier, n.m., coal-heaver.

saccellaire, n.m., (Fr. Hist.) treasurer, keeper of the privy purse.

saccharate (sak-ka-), n.m., (chem.) saccharate. — de chaux; saccharated solution of lime.

sacchareu-x, -se (sak-ka-), adj., saccharine.

saccharifère (sak-ka-), adj., sacchariferous.

saccharimètre (sak-ka-), n.m., saccharimeter, saccharometer.

saccharin, -e (sak-ka-), adj., saccharine.

saccharique (sak-ka-), adj., saccharic.

saccharure (sak-ka-), n.m., (pharm.) sugar of (certain chemicals). — d’aconit; sugar of aconite.

sacciforme (sak-si-), adj., (bot.) bagged.

sacerdoce, n.m., priesthood.

sacerdotal, -e, adj., sacerdotal, priestly.

sacerdotalisme, n.m., sacerdotalism.

sachée, n.f., sackful, bagful.

sachem (sa-shèm), n.m., sachem (Indian chief).

sachet, n.m., satchel, little bag or sack; scent-bag.

sacoche, n.m., saddle-bag; money-bag.

sacramentaire, n.m., sacramentarian.

sacramental, -e, or sacramentel, -le, adj., sacramental. Mots sacramentaux; decisive words.

sacramentalement (-tal-mān) or sacramentellement, adv., sacramentally.

sacre, n.m., anointing, coronation of a king; (orni.) saker; (fig.) blackguard. — d’un évêque; consecration of a bishop.

sacré, -e, adj., sacred, inviolable; holy, consecrated, anointed, crowned; (l.ex.) damned, cursed, confounded, blasted; (anat.) sacral.

sacrebleu, int., by Jove! confound it! dash it!

sacrement, n.m., sacrament; matrimony, marriage. Saint —; Holy Sacrament; (c.rel.) Host; (c.rel.) monstrance. Administrer les derniers —s à quelqu’un; to administer the last sacrament to any one. Recevoir le —; to receive the sacrament, to take the sacrament. Office du saint —; communion-service.

sacrer, v.a., to anoint, to crown, a king; to consecrate a bishop.

sacrer, v.n., to curse, to swear.

sacret, n.m., (hawking) sakeret.

sacrificateur, n.m., sacrificer. Souverain —; high-priest.

sacrificatoire, adj., sacrificial.

sacrificature, n.f., office of sacrificer.

sacrifice, n.m., sacrifice, offering, peace-offering. — d’actions de grâces, — de louange; (Bibl.) thanksgiving.

sacrifier, v.a., to sacrifice, to make offerings; to immolate; to devote (time to a thing). — des victimes; to sacrifice victims. — tout à ses intérêts; to sacrifice everything to one’s interest.

sacrifier, v.n., to sacrifice.

sacrilège, n.m., sacrilege.

sacrilège, n.m.f. and adj., sacrilegist, sacrilegious person; sacrilegious.

sacrilègement (-lèj-mān), adv., sacrilegiously.

sacripant, n.m., hector, bully, swaggerer; scoundrel, blackguard.

sacristain, n.m., sexton; sacristan, vestry-keeper.

sacristie, n.f., sacristy, vestry, vestry-room; audit-house (of cathedrals); church-plate, sacred vases, etc.; church fees.

sacristine, n.f., vestry-nun.

sacro, adj. invariable, (rel.) holy. —-saint; very, doubly holy; (anat.) sacro.

sacrum, n.m., (anat.) sacrum. Os —; sacrum, sacral bone.

saducéen (-cé-in), -ne (-cé-è-n), n. and adj., Sadducee; Sadducean.

saducéisme, n.m., Sadducism.

☉saette, n.f. V. sagette.

safran, n.m. (bot.) saffron; crocus. — bâtard; meadow-saffron, mock-saffron, bastard-saffron, safflower. — de gouvernail; (nav.) after-piece of a rudder.

safrané, -e, adj., saffron, saffroned; yellow.

safraner, v.a., to saffron.

safranière, n.f., saffron-plantation.

safranum (-nom), n.m., (chem.) safflower.

☉safre, adj., (pop.) greedy, gluttonous.

safre, n.m., (chem.) zaffre, zaffer.

saga, n.f., saga (legend of the northern nations of Europe).

sagace, adj., sagacious, acute, shrewd.

sagacité, n.f., sagacity, sagaciousness, quickness, acuteness, shrewdness.

sagamore, n.m., sagamore (Indian chief).

sage, adj., sage, wise, sensible, wary, rational, discreet, judicious, prudent; cool, sober, staid, well-behaved, steady, virtuous, modest; quiet, gentle. Des lois —s; wise laws. Conduite —; steady, prudent conduct. — politique; wise policy. Être —; (of children) to be good, to be well-behaved. Femme —; virtuous woman.

sage, n.m., wise man, sage.

sage-femme, n.f., (—s-—s), midwife.

sagement (saj-mān), adv., sagely, wisely, prudently, discreetly, judiciously, warily, soberly, steadily.

sagesse, n.f., wisdom; moderation, discretion, prudence; steadiness, sobriety, chastity; goodness; good behavior (of children); gentleness (of animals).

☉sagette or saette, n.f., arrow; (bot.) arrow-head; adder’s-tongue.

sagination, n.f., fattening.

sagine, n.f., (bot.) pearl-grass, pearl-wort.

sagittaire, n.m., (astron.) Sagittarius.

sagittaire, n.f., (bot.) arrow-head, adder’s tongue.

sagittale, adj.f., (anat.) sagittal.

sagitté, -e, adj., (bot.) sagittate, arrow-headed, arrow-shaped.

sagou, n.m., sago.

sagouier or sagoutier, n.m., (bot.) sago-tree.

sagouin, n.m., -e, n.f., (mam.) sagoin, squirrel-monkey; slovenly fellow, slovenly woman.

s a i, initial letters of Son Altesse Impériale, His or Her Imperial Highness.

saie, n.f., (antiq.) sagum (tunic, cloak); brush (used by goldsmiths); a light kind of serge.

saietter, v.a., to brush.

*saignant, -e, adj., bleeding, bloody; nearly raw, underdone (of meat).

*saignée, n.f., (surg.) phlebotomy, bleeding, blood-letting; small of the arm; trench (for draining); (fig.) heavy payment, expense; drain.

*saignement (-mān), n.m., bleeding. — de nez; bleeding at the nose.

*saigner, v.a., to bleed, to draw out blood; (cook.) to kill, to stick; to drain; to get money out of, to bleed any one.

se *saigner, v.r., to bleed one’s self, to drain one’s self; to make a sacrifice.

*saigner, v.n., to bleed. Je saigne du nez; I am bleeding at the nose. — du nez; (fig.) to show the white feather, to lack courage. Le cœur m’en saigne; it cuts me to the heart.

*saigneur, n.m., (fam., l.u.) bleeder, blood-letter.

*saigneu-x, -se, adj., bloody. Bout —; scrag end, neck (of lamb, mutton, veal).

*saillant, -e, adj., jutting out, projecting; striking, forcible, remarkable; (her.) salient.

*saillant, n.m., (fort.) the salient angle of any out-work.

*saille! archaic 2d pers. sing. of the imperative of the verb saillir, (nav.) haul! (word of command).

*saillie, n.f., jutting out, projecture; prominence, protuberance; start, sudden gush, spurt, sudden fit, sally; flash of wit, witticism; (arch.) rabbet, ledge; (of a steam-engine) spindle.

*saillir, v.n., (irregular) (arch.) to project, to jut, to jut out, to stand out, to protrude, to rabbet; (paint.) to stand out. Faire —; to bring out; to bring into prominence; to show up. Qui saille; prominent. Cette corniche saille trop; that cornice projects too much.

*saillir, v.a., (regular) (of animals) to leap, to cover, to serve.

*saillir, v.n., (regular) to gush, to spout out (of liquids). V. jaillir, which is much more generally used.

sain, -e, adj., sound, hale, healthy, sane, wholesome; (nav.) clear. — de corps et d’esprit; sound in body and mind. Revenir — et sauf; to return safe and sound. Jugement —; sound, judgment. Nourriture —e; wholesome food.

sainbois, n.m., (bot.) spurge-flax. V. garou.

saindoux, n.m., lard.

sainement (sè-n-mān), adv., soundly, rationally, judiciously, healthily, wholesomely.

sainfoin, n.m., (bot.) sainfoin.

saint, -e, adj., holy, sacred, godly, sainted; sanctified; consecrated, saintly. — homme; godly man. L’Ecriture —e; Holy-Writ. La semaine —e; holy-week. Le vendredi —; Good-Friday. La —-Jean; Midsummer. La —-Martin; Martinmas-day. Le —-siège; the holy see. —-père; holy father, the Pope. Le —-Esprit, l’Esprit-—; the Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit. Le —-empire romain, le —-empire; (formerly) the German empire. —-office; the holy-office (a name for the Inquisition). Mal —-Jean, mal de —; falling sickness. Rendre —; to sanctify. Lieu —; sanctuary. Terre —e; consecrated ground; Holy Land. Feu —-Antoine; Saint Anthony’s fire, erysipelas. La —e journée; the blessed, or the whole, day. Tout le — Frusquin; (pop.) the whole bally lot (of clothes). [Saint is written with a capital letter and joined to the following name by a hyphen, when such name does not designate a saint: la Saint-Jean; Midsummer.]

saint, n.m., -e, n.f., saint, patron saint, patron. — d’une ville; patron saint of a town. Mettre au nombre des —s; to canonize. Il ne sait à quel — se vouer; he does not know which way to turn. Le — des —s; the holy of holies.

saint-augustin, n.m., (n.p.) Saint Augustine; (print.) English.

sainte-barbe, n.f., (—) (nav.) powder-magazine, gun-room. Collège —; (in Paris).

saintement (sint-mān), adv., holily, sacredly; righteously, piously, religiously.

sainte nitouche, n.f., (n.p.) a sanctimonious-looking person. Faire la — —; to sham Abraham.

sainte-pélagie, n.f., (formerly) debtor’s prison; the French “Marshalsea”; (now) a political prison.

sainteté (sint-té), n.f., holiness, sanctity, sacredness, saintliness; godliness, righteousness; Holiness (the pope); (b.s.) saintship.

saint-germain, n.m., (—) (hort.) Saint Germain (a kind of pear).

saint-simonien, n.m. -ne, n.f., (—-—s) Saint-Simonian.

saint-simoniser, v.a., to convert (to the doctrines of) (used by de Balzac).

saint-simonisme, n.m., (n.p.) Saint-Simonianism (system of the Count of Saint-Simon).

saïque, n.f., (nav.) saic.

saisi, -e, adj., seized, possessed, struck, impressed. Être — d’une affaire; to be made cognizant with; to be called upon to look into, to examine; (jur.) distrained.

saisi, n.m., (jur.) person distrained.

saisie, n.f., seizure, distress, distraint, execution. — immobilière; distress on real property. — mobilière; distress on movable goods, distress on personal property.

saisie-arrêt, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) attachment; garnishment (in London).

saisie-brandon, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) execution on growing crops.

saisie-exécution, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) execution; distress.

saisie-gagerie, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) execution by way of security (for house-rent).

saisie-revendication, n.f., (—s-—) (jur.) attachant of goods claimed (pending litigation).

saisine, n.f., (jur.) seizin; (nav.) gripe, lashing.

saisir, v.a., to seize, to seize upon, to catch, to lay hold of, to catch hold of, to get hold of, to take, to take hold of; to strike, to come upon, to impress, to shock, to startle; to embrace, to avail one’s self of; to understand, to perceive, to discern, to comprehend; to attack; to make cognizant of, to lay before; (jur.) to distrain; (jur.) to vest; (jur.) to attach. — quelqu’un au collet; to collar any one. — l’occasion; to seize the opportunity. — un prétexte; to avail one’s self of an excuse. La peur les a saisis; they were struck with fear. — un tribunal d’une affaire; to lay (an affair) before a court, to bring before a court of justice.

se saisir, v.r., to seize, to catch hold (of), to lay hold (of), to grasp; to take possession, to take cognizance (of); to arrest, to apprehend. Saisi du vol; (of a thief) with the stolen goods upon him.

saisir-arrêter, v.a., (jur.) to attach; (in London) to garnish.

saisir-exécuter, v.a., (jur.) to distrain.

saisissable, adj., distrainable, seizable; attachable.

saisissant, -e, adj., (of cold) keen, sharp, piercing; striking, thrilling, startling, impressive.

saisissant, -e, n. and adj., (jur.) distrainer.

saisissement (-zis-mān), n.m., shock, chill, violent impression, pang; (of criminals) pinioning.

saison, n.f., season, weather; proper time, moment. Arrière-—, (—-—s) latter end of autumn; (fig.) aftermath. La — est avancée; the season is forward. Morte-—, (—s-—s) (com.) dull, dead season. Morte —; winter. En temps et en —; in due season. Être en pleine —; to be in their prime (of flowers and fruits). Ces mets ne sont plus de —; those dishes are out of season. De —; in season. Marchand des quatre —s; costermonger, hawker.

salace, adj., salacious.

salacité, n.f., salaciousness, salacity.

salade, n.f., salad, salading; mess (for horses); sallet (kind of helmet). Retourner, fatiguer, la —; to mix the salad.

saladier, n.m., salad-dish, salad-bowl.

salage, n.m., salting.

salaire, n.m., wages, pay, hire; recompense, reward, retribution, punishment. Toute peine mérite —; the laborer is worthy of his hire.

salaison, n.f., salting; salt-provision.

salamalec, n.m., (jest.) low bow, salaam.

salamandre, n.f., salamander, fire-eater.

salangane, n.f., (orni.) esculent swallow.

salant, adj., salt; saline. Marais —; salt-marsh.

salarié, -e, n. and part., salaried person; hireling; placeman; paid.

salarier, v.a., to pay; to give wages, or a salary, or a stipend, to.

salaud, -e, n. and adj., sloven, dirty fellow; dirty woman, slut; slovenly, sluttish.

sale, adj. and n.m.f., dirty, nasty, foul; soiled; filthy, low, coarse, dirty person; sloven. Vaisseau —; (nav.) foul ship; (of colors) dull.

salé, n.m., salt-pork. Du petit —; pork newly-salted; pickled pork.

salé, -e, adj., salted, salt, briny; keen, pungent, biting; loose, coarse, broad. Un peu —; saltish. Sources —es; salt-springs. Raillerie —e; biting raillery. Un propos —; a coarse remark.

salement (sal-mān), adv., dirtily, nastily, filthily; (fig.) in a slovenly manner.

salep (sa-lèp), n.m., salep.

saler, v.a., to salt, to salt down; to corn (beef); to overcharge, to lay it on stiff for (goods); to fleece (customers).

se saler, v.r., to be salted (of anything).

saleron (sal-ron), n.m., bowl of a salt-cellar.

saleté (sal-té), n.f., dirt, soil, dirtiness, nastiness, filthiness; filth, dirty rubbish; dirty thing; dirty trick; coarseness, ribaldry, obscenity.

saleur, n.m., salter, curer.

salicaire, n.f., salicaria; purple willow.

salicole, adj., salicultural.

salicoque, n.f., prawn.

salicor, n.m., or salicorne, n.f., (bot.) glasswort, saltwort.

☉salicot, n.m. V. salicoque.

salicotte, n.f., (bot.) saltwort.

saliculture, n.f., saliculture.

salière, n.f., salt-cellar; salt-box; eye-pit (of horses); hollow behind the collar-bone (of persons).

salifère, adj., saliferous.

salifiable, adj., (chem.) salifiable.

salification, n.f., (chem.) salification.

salifier, v.a., to salify.

saligaud, n.m., -e, n.f., (pop.) dirty person; dirty thing; sloven; slut.

*salignon, n.m., salt-cat.

saligot, n.m., (bot.) water-caltrop.

salin, -e, adj., saline, briny.

salin, n.m., salt-marsh; raw salt; brine-pan; salt-works.

saline, n.f., salt provisions, salt fish; salt-mine, salt-works, salt-pit, brine-pit.

salinier, n.m., the owner and worker of salt-works.

salique, adj., salic. Loi —; salic law.

salir, v.a., to dirt, to dirty, to soil, to stain, to foul, to taint, to sully, to tarnish, to disgrace.

se salir, v.r., to dirty one’s self; to get dirty; to soil; to sully one’s reputation, to disgrace one’s self.

salissant, -e, adj., soiling, that soils, that gets dirty.

salisson, n.f., (pop.) young slut.

salissure, n.f., spot of dirt; soil, stain.

salivaire, adj., (anat.) salivary.

salivation, n.f., (med.) salivation.

salive, n.f., saliva; spittle.

saliver, v.n., to spit; to salivate.

salle, n.f., hall, room; ward (in hospitals); (thea.) house; arbor (of gardens). — à manger; dining-room. La — du commun; the servants’ hall. — d’audience; audience-chamber. — de spectacle; play-house. — de billard; billiard-room. — d’armes; fencing-school, school of arms, armory. — de danse; dancing-room, dancing-school. — de verdure; green arbor. — d’asile; infant-school. — des festins; banqueting-hall. — d’étude; study, school-room. — de police; (mil.) guard-room. — du rapport; orderly-room. — de récréation; play-room. — de réunion; assembly-room. — du conseil; council-chamber. — pleine, or comble; crowded house; house-full, full house.

salmigondis, n.m., (cook.) hotch-potch, resurrection pie; medley, farrago.

salmis, n.m., ragout of game (previously roasted).

saloir, n.m., salt-box; salting-tub.

salon, n.m., drawing-room; saloon, parlor; exhibition (of paintings, of works of art). pl., fashionable world; fashionable circles. Petit —; small drawing-room. Fréquenter les —s; to be a man of fashion.

salope, n. and adj. f., slut; disorderly woman; slovenly, sluttish. C’est une vraie —; she is a perfect slut. Marie-—; (—s-—s) mud-boat.

salopement (-lop-mān), adv., (pop.) sluttishly, dirtily.

saloperie (-lo-prî), n.f., slovenliness, sluttishness; coarse language, ribaldry; beastliness, filth.

salorge, n.m., loaf of salt.

salpêtrage, n.m., nitrification; saltpeter-making.

salpêtre, n.m., saltpeter. Ce n’est que du —; he fires up, or he takes fire, at the least thing; (fig.) hastiness; fire, vivacity.

salpêtrer, v.a., to throw saltpeter (over a space of ground); to nitrify (a wall); to throw out, to produce, saltpeter.

se salpêtrer, v.r., to nitrify, to be covered with saltpeter (of walls).

salpêtrerie, n.f., saltpeter-works.

salpêtreu-x, -se, adj., saltpetrous.

salpêtrier, n.m., saltpeter-maker.

salpêtrière, n.f., saltpeter-works. La Salpêtrière; asylum for women.

*salsepareille, n.f., sarsaparilla.

salsifis (-fi), n.m., (bot.) salsify. — sauvage, — des prés; goat’s-beard. — noir, — d’Espagne; viper’s-grass.

saltarelle, n.f., saltarella, Italian dance.

saltation, n.f., saltation.

saltimbanque, n.m., mountebank, clown, buffoon; humbug, quack.

salubre, adj., salubrious, wholesome, healthful, healthy.

salubrité, n.f., salubrity, salubriousness, healthfulness, wholesomeness. Conseil de —; board of health. Inspecteur de —; sanitary inspector.

saluer, v.a., to salute, to bow to; to hail, to greet; to cheer; to proclaim. — la compagnie; to bow to the company. Je vous salue, j’ai l’honneur de vous —; (in letters) your servant, your humble servant. — le soleil; to hail the sun. Saluez-le de ma part; remember me to him. — empereur, or roi; to proclaim emperor, or king. — de onze coups de canon; to fire a salute of eleven guns (in honor of).

se saluer, v.r., to bow to, to salute, each other.

salure, n.f., saltness, brine.

salut, n.m., safety; (rel.) salvation; salute, bow; welfare, preservation, escape, hope or chance of success; salutation; hail; (c.rel.) benediction (after even song). Il a cherché un — dans la fuite; he sought safety in flight. Un profond —; a low bow. Léger —; nod; (nav., milit.) salute. int., —! hail! greeting! À bon entendeur —! a word to the wise is enough.

salutaire, adj., salutary, wholesome, advantageous, beneficial.

salutairement (-tèr-mān), adv., salutarily, beneficially.

salutation, n.f., salutation, pl., compliments; salute; bow. Recevez mes —s empressées; yours very truly (in letters).

☉salvage, n.m. V. sauvetage.

salvanos (-nôs), n.m., (—) (nav.) life-buoy.

☉salvations, n.f., (jur.) rejoinder.

salve, n.f., (artil.) salute, volley. Une — d’applaudissements; a round of applause.

salvé, n.m., (—) (c.rel.) Salve Regina.

samaritain (-tin), -e (-tè-n), n. and adj.; Samaritan.

samedi (sa-m-di), n.m., Saturday. — saint; Easter-eve.

samscrit, -e, adj. V. sanscrit.

san-benito, n.m., (—) san benito.

sancir, v.n., (nav.) to founder, to sink (by the bows).

sanctifiant, -e, adj., sanctifying.

sanctificateur, n.m., sanctifier, adj. sanctifying.

sanctification, n.f., sanctification, holy-keeping.

sanctifier, v.a., to sanctify, to make holy, to keep holy, to hallow.

sanction, n.f., sanction; approbation; assent (of parliament).

sanctionner, v.a., to sanction.

sanctuaire, n.m., sanctuary; (of the temple at Jerusalem) holy of holies; (of churches) chancel, altar; (fig.) church.

sandal or santal, n.m., sandal-wood, sandal.

sandale, n.f., sandal; fencing-shoe.

sandalier, n.m., sandal-maker.

sandaraque, n.f., (bot.) sandarac, pounce.

sandjak, sandjiak, or sandjiakat, n.m. V. sangiac.

sandwich (-ooitch), n.m., sandwich.

sang, n.m., blood; race, parentage, relationship, kindred, race. Un homme de —; a blood-thirsty man. Coup de —; stroke, apoplectic fit. Pur —; thoroughbred. Demi —; halfbred. Mettre à feu et à —; to put to fire and sword. Suer — et eau; to toil and moil or to strain every nerve. Se battre au premier —; to fight till the first blood is drawn. Cela glace le —; that curdles one’s blood. Cela est dans le —; that runs in the blood. Se faire du bon —; (fam.) to amuse one’s self, to have a jolly time (of it). Se faire du mauvais —; to fret, to worry. Bon — ne peut mentir; good breeding will assert itself. Son — n’a fait qu’un tour; he was struck all of a heap.

sang-de-dragon, n.m. (—) (bot.) dragon’s-blood.

sang-froid, n.m., (n.p.) coolness, composure, sang-froid, presence of mind. De —; in cold blood; with composure; soberminded. Perdre son —; to lose one’s presence of mind.

sangiac or sangiacat, n.m., sangiac; district, province; governor (in Turkey).

sanglade, n.f., lash, cut (with a whip).

sanglant, -e, adj., bloody, covered with blood; outrageous, gross; keen, biting, cutting. Affront —; outrageous affront.

sangle, n.f., strap, band, belt; girth (of saddles). Lit de —; cross, or folding, bedstead.

sanglé, -e, adj., strapped; (fig.) ill-treated, cut up; tight, tight-fitting.

sangler, v.a., to bind with a girth, to girth, to strap, to gird; to tighten, to lash, to beat. — un coup de poing; to deal a blow. Avoir été sanglé; to have been beaten, ill-used; (fig.) cut up.

se sangler, v.r., to lace one’s self tightly; (fig.) to stint, or pinch, one’s self.

sanglier, n.m., wild boar. — de mer; sea-hog, boar-fish.

sanglot, n.m., sob. pl., sobbing, moaning (of the sea: V. Hugo). —s entre-coupés; broken sobs.

sangloter, v.n., to sob.

sangsue (san-sû), n.f., leech; (fig.) blood-sucker, extortioner.

sanguification (-gu-i-), n.f., sanguification.

sanguifier (-gu-i-), v.a., to sanguify.

se sanguifier, v.r., to sanguify.

sanguin, -e (-ghīn, -ghi-n), adj., of blood, full-blooded; sanguineous, blood-colored, blood-red. Vaisseau —; blood-vessel.

sanguinaire (-ghi-), adj., sanguinary, bloody, murderous, bloodthirsty.

sanguinaire, n.f., (bot.) bloodwort.

sanguine (-ghi-n), n.f., red chalk, blood-stone.

sanguinelle (-ghi-), n.f., (bot.) gatter-tree.

sanguinolent, -e (-ghi-), adj., (med.) tinged with blood.

sanhédrin, n.m., sanhedrim.

sanicle, n.f., (bot.) sanicle.

sanie, n.f., (med.) sanies.

sanieu-x, -se, adj., sanious.

sanitaire, adj., sanitary.

sans, prep., without; free from; but for, had it not been for, were it not for. — amis; friendless. — doute; without doubt. — cela; were it not for that or else. — quoi; otherwise or else, without that. — y penser; unawares, unthinkingly. — peur; fearless. — le sou; penniless. Cela va — dire; of course, as a matter of course.