A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (continued 14)

envoyeur, n.m., sender. adj.m., (post-office) dispatching. Bureau —; dispatching office.

éolien, -ne, (-li-in, -liè-n), adj., Eolian, Eolic. Harpe —ne; Eolian harp.

éolien, n.m., Eolic (dialect).

éolipyle, n.m., (phys.) æolipile (smoke-driving apparatus).

éolique, adj., Eolic, Eolian.

épacte, n.f., (astron.) epact.

*épagneul, n.m., -e, n.f., spaniel.

épais, -se, adj., thick, big; heavy, dull, gross. Mur — de deux pieds; wall two feet thick. Brouillard —; thick fog. Ignorance —se; gross ignorance. Un homme —; a blockhead. Avoir la langue —se; to speak thick. Des cheveux —; thick hair.

épais, n.m., thickness; thick part.

épais, adv., thick, thickly. Semer —; to sow thick.

épaisseur, n.f., thickness; depth; density; dullness.

épaissir, v.a., to thicken, to make thick.

s’épaissir, v.r., to become thick, to get thick, to grow thick; to become big, to grow large; to become heavy or dull. Sa langue s’épaissit; he is beginning to speak thick.

épaissir, v.n., to thicken, to become thick; to get stout, to grow stout, to become stout.

épaississement (-sis-mān), n.m., thickening, thickness.

épamprage or épamprement, n.m., lopping off; pruning; feeding off (of a corn-field).

épamprer, v.a., to lop off, or to prune, a vine; to feed off.

épanchement (é-pānsh-mān), n.m., pouring out, shedding; overflowing, effusion. — de cœur; opening of one’s heart.

épancher, v.a., to pour out, to spill; to shed; to open. — son cœur; to open one’s heart.

s’épancher, v.r., to be discharged, poured out, to escape; to open one’s heart, to unbosom one’s self.

épanchoir, n.m., outlet, drain.

épandre, v.a., to pour out, to scatter, to strew, to throw here and there. V. répandre.

s’épandre, v.r., to spread out, to be scattered, to flow.

épanorthose, n.f., (rhet.) epanorthosis.

épanoui, -e, adj., blown, full-blown; cheerful, jolly, beaming.

épanouir, v.a., to expand, to smooth, to brighten up, to gladden. — la rate; to make merry, to drive away the spleen.

s’épanouir, v.r., (of flowers) to blow, to expand, to open; to brighten up. Son visage s’épanouit; his face brightened up.

épanouissement (-noo-is-mān), n.m., blowing, opening (of flowers); (bot.) expansion.

éparcet, n.m. V. esparcet, esparcette.

s’éparer, v.r., (man.) to jerk, to fling out; to kick. V. ruer.

*épargnant, -e, adj., sparing, saving, economical; parsimonious.

*épargne, n.f., economy, saving, thrift, sparingness; ☉treasury. — mesquine; shabby saving. Avec —; sparingly. Aller à l’—, user d’—; to save, to be saving. Il vit de ses —s; he lives on his savings. Aller à l’— des mots; to be sparing of words. Caisse d’— or caisse d’— et de prévoyance; savings-bank. Tailler, or graver, en —; (engr.) to reserve.

*épargner, v.a., to save, to lay up, to lay by, to spare, to husband, to economize; to spare (any one). — son bien; to save one’s wealth. On ne lui épargne pas l’argent; they allow him plenty of money. Ne m’épargnez pas; do not spare me.

s’*épargner, v.r., to spare one’s self; to spare one another.

*épargner, v.n., to economize, to be saving, to be sparing. — sur sa toilette; to save in dress.

*éparpillement, n.m., scattering, dispersing, dispersion.

*éparpiller, v.a., to scatter, to strew about, to spread, to throw here and there, to disperse; to fritter away, to squander. — ses troupes; to scatter one’s troops.

épars, -e, adj., scattered, dispersed, straggling, sparse; (of hair) disheveled; thin (of plants).

éparvin or épervin, n.m., (vet.) spavin. — osseux, — sec; blood-spavin; string-halt.

épaté, -e, adj., broad-footed; wide; with the foot broken off (of glasses); flat (of noses); (pop.) amazed, dumfounded.

épatement, n.m., amazement.

épater, v.a., to break the foot off (a glass); to flatten; to widen; (pop.) to amaze, to dumfound.

s’épater, v.r., to sprawl; to get broken (of glass).

épaulard, n.m., (ich.) grampus, ork.

épaule, n.f., shoulder; start (of wheels). Des —s larges; broad shoulders. Hausser les —s; to shrug one’s shoulders. Faire hausser les —s à quelqu’un; to make any one shrug his shoulders. Plier les —s; to put up with. Prêter l’— à quelqu’un; to back up any one. Donner un coup d’— à; to help any one; to give any one a lift. Faire une chose par-dessus l’—; to leave a thing undone; to do a thing over the left. Porter sur les —s; (fig.) to be heartily sick of. Marcher des —s; to slouch. L’— d’un bastion; the flank of a bastion. —s d’un vaisseau; bows of a ship.

épaulée, n.f., push (with the shoulders); (cook.) fore-quarter of mutton without the shoulder. —s; shouldering. Faire une chose par —s; to do a thing by fits and starts.

épaulement (é-pôl-mān), n.m., a shoulder-piece, covert; shoulder; (fort.) epaulement, demi-bastion, breastwork.

épauler, v.a., to break the shoulder, to splay; to help, to back, to countenance, to bring to the shoulder, to prop; to press to the shoulder (of rifles). — des troupes; to cover troops. Bête épaulée; animal with a sprained shoulder; (fig., fam.) a perfect fool; a dishonored woman.

épaulette, n.f., shoulder-strap; shoulder-piece; epaulet. — à gros grains, — à graine d’épinards; (milit.) epaulet with large bullion worn by field and general officers.

épave, adj., (jur.) stray, strayed.

épave, n.f., wreck; (jur.) waif; stray; estray. —s maritimes, —s de mer; wreck, wreckage.

épeautre, n.m.f., spelt, great barley; wheat.

épée, n.f., sword; (fig.) brand, steel; swordsman. Charger l’— à la main; to charge sword in hand. Un homme d’—; a swordsman, a soldier. Mettre l’— à la main; to draw one’s sword. Se battre à l’—; to fight with swords. Passer l’— au travers du corps; to run a man through the body. Presser quelqu’un l’— dans les reins; to press any one close, hard. Une — vierge; a sword that has never been fleshed or drawn. N’avoir que la cape et l’—; to have nothing but one’s nobility; to have no other fortune but one’s sword. Il est brave comme l’— qu’il porte; he is true to the backbone. L’— use le fourreau; the sword wears out the scabbard. C’est un coup d’— dans l’eau; it is beating the air. Passer au fil de l’—; to put to the edge of the sword, to put to the sword. Être, en être, aux —s et aux couteaux; to be at daggers drawn. Jouer de l’— à deux talons; to take to one’s heels. Son — est trop courte; his arm is not long enough. C’est son — de chevet; he is his bosom friend, his constant companion; (fig.) his favorite theme; his hobby. — de mer; (ich.) sword-fish.

épeiche, n.f., (orni.) golden oriole, witwall.

épeler (é-plé), v.a., to spell. Epelez ce mot; spell that word. — mal; to misspell.

épellation, n.f., naming the letters of a word, spelling.

épenthèse, n.f., (gram.) epenthesis.

épenthétique, adj., (gram.) epenthetical.

éperdu, -e, adj., distracted, bewildered, aghast. Tout — d’amour; quite distraught with love.

éperdument, adv., distractedly, passionately, desperately.

éperlan, n.m., (ich.) smelt, sparling.

éperon (épron), n.m., spur; wrinkle, crow’s foot; gaffle (of game cocks); (arch.) buttress, counterfort; (nav.) head of a ship; cutwater, ram; (fort.) spur. Donner de l’— à un cheval; to clap spurs to a horse. Chausser les —s; to put on spurs. Cheval qui n’a ni bouche ni —; horse that obeys neither rein nor spur. Il a besoin d’—s; he wants spurring on. Chausser les — à quelqu’un; to put spurs on any one.

éperonné, -e (é-pro-né), adj., spurred; wrinkled. Elle a les yeux —s; she has wrinkles about her eyes.

éperonner, v.a., to spur; to spur on; to urge forward; to wrinkle.

éperonnerie, n.f., spur-making, spur-trade.

éperonnier, n.m., spur-maker; Indian peacock.

éperonnière, n.f., spur-leather; (bot.) larkspur.

épervier, n.m., (orni.) hawk, sparrow-hawk; cast-net.

épervière, n.f., (bot.) hawkweed.

épervin, n.m. V. éparvin.

éphèdre, n.f., shrubby horse-tail, sea-grass.

éphélide, n.f., (med.) sun-burn; freckle.

éphémère, adj., ephemeral.

éphémère, n.f., ephemera, day-fly.

éphémérides, n.f.pl., ephemerides.

éphod (é-fod), n.m., (Jewish antiq.) ephod.

éphore, n.m., (Grec. antiq.) ephor.

épi, n.m., ear of corn; awn. — bien garni; well-filled ear. — de cheveux; tuft of hair, topknot. — de diamants; cluster of diamonds. — d’eau; pond-weed. — de faîte; (arch.) top of the crown-post. Assembler en —; to scarf.

épice, n.f., spice. pl., ☉judges’ fees. Pain d’—; gingerbread. Fine —; sharp fellow, knowing blade. Dans les petits sacs sont les bonnes —s; little and good, or small parcels hold fine wares (pers.). Herbe aux —s; allspice.

épicé, -e, adj., spiced, spicy; hot, seasoned.

épicène, adj., (gram.) epicene.

épicer, v.a., to spice; ☉(of judges) to charge too high fees.

épicerie (é-pi-srî), n.f., spices, grocery; grocery-business. Petite —; chandlery.

épichérème (-ké-), n.m., (log.) epichirema.

épici-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., grocer; vulgar fellow. Il faut envoyer ce livre à l’—; this book must go to the butter-shop.

épicrâne, n.m., (anat.) epicranium.

épicurien, -ne (-i-in, -iè-n), n. and adj., epicure; epicurean.

épicurisme, n.m., epicureanism, epicurism.

épicycle, n.m., (astron.) epicycle.

épicycloïde, n.f., (geom.) epicycloid.

épidémie, n.f., epidemic.

épidémique, adj., epidemic, epidemical.

épidendre, n.m., (bot.) epidendrum.

épiderme, n.m., epidermis, cuticle, scarfskin.

épidermique, adj., (anat.) epidermic, epidermical.

épididyme, n.m., (anat.) epididymis.

épié, -e, part., eared, awny, awned.

épier, v.n., to ear, to shoot into ears.

épier, v.a., to watch, to be a spy upon, to pry into. Il épie ce que vous faites; he is a spy upon your actions. On épie vos démarches; your steps are being dogged. S’—; to watch one another.

épierrement, n.m., clearing land of stones.

épierrer, v.a., to clear away stones.

épieu, n.m., boar-spear, javelin, stake.

épieu-r, -se, n.m.f., watcher, spier, eavesdropper; Paul Pry.

épigastre, n.m., (anat.) epigastrium.

épigastrique, adj., (anat.) epigastric.

épiglotte, n.f., (anat.) epiglottis.

épigrammatique, adj., epigrammatic, epigrammatical.

épigrammatiquement, adv., epigrammatically.

épigrammatiser, v.n., to write epigrams.

épigrammatiste, n.m., epigrammatist.

épigramme, n.f., epigram.

épigraphe, n.f., epigraph.

épigraphie, n.f., epigraphics, epigraphy.

épigraphique, adj., pertaining to epigraphy.

épigyne, adj., (bot.) epigynous.

épilatoire, adj., depilatory.

épilepsie, n.f., (med.) epilepsy. Attaque d’—; epileptic fit, fit of epilepsy.

épileptique, n.m.f. and adj., epileptic; epileptical.

épiler, v.a., to depilate.

s’épiler, v.r., to pluck out one’s gray hairs.

épileu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., depilator (pers.).

*épillet, n.m., (bot.) spikelet.

épilobe, n.m., (bot.) willow-herb.

épilogue (-log), n.m., epilogue.

épiloguer (-ghé), v.n., to carp at, to censure, to criticise, to find fault with, to split hairs. Il épilogue sur tout; he finds fault with everything.

épiloguer, v.a., to criticise, to find fault with, to carp at.

épilogueur (-gheur), n.m., critic, fault-finder, carper. adj., fault-finding, carping.

épiloir, n.m., tweezers.

épinaie, n.f., brake, thicket, thorn-bush.

épinard (-nār), n.m., (bot.) spinach. pl., (cook.) spinach greens. —-fraise; strawberry blite, strawberry-spinach. — sauvage; all-good. Epaulettes à graine d’—s; epaulets with large bullion.

épine, n.f., thorn; prickle; spine; rub, obstacle, difficulty; bristling point (metal.). — blanche; hawthorn; barberry. — dorsale, du dos; spine; backbone. Noble —; hawthorn. — noire; German acacia; blackthorn, sloe. Avoir une — au pied; to have a thorn in one’s side. Tirer à quelqu’un une — du pied; to get some one over a difficulty. Être sur les —s, sur des —s; to be on pins and needles, or on thorns. Il n’y a pas de roses sans —s; no rose without a thorn, no joy without alloy. Les —s de la chicane; the thorny points of the law.

épines, n.f.pl., (metal.) bristling points.

épinette, n.f., (mus.) spinet; (bot.) North American fir-tree.

épineu-x, -se, adj., thorny, prickly; knotty, ticklish, intricate. Arbres —; thorny trees. Pomme —se; (bot.) stramony, thorn-apple. Question —se; ticklish question.

épine-vinette, n.f., berberry, barberry.

épingle, n.f., pin, scarf-pin, breast-pin. —s; pin-money, gratuity, douceur. Attacher avec une —; to pin. Il est toujours tiré à quatre —s; he is always as neat as hands can make him; he always looks as if he had just stepped out of a bandbox, or is always dressed up to the nine. Tirer son — du jeu; to get out of a scrape, to back out of anything. À coups d’—s; inch by inch; by pin-pricks. — à cheveux; hairpin. Oter les —s; to unpin.

épingle, adj., pinned; corded, terry. Velours —; light terry velvet.

épingler, v.a., to pin, to prick, to clean.

épinglette, n.f., (artil.) priming-iron; priming-wire; (mining) piercer; (tech.) pricker.

épingli-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., pin-maker.

épinière, adj.f., (anat.) spinal. Moelle —; spinal marrow.

épiniers, n.m.pl., (hunt.) brake, thicket.

épinoche, n.f.m., (com.) best coffee. f., (ich.) stickleback.

épiphanie, n.f., Epiphany.

épiphonème, n.m., (rhet.) epiphonema.

épiphora, n.m., (med.) epiphora, watery eye.

épiphyse, n.f., (anat.) epiphysis.

épiploon, n.m., (anat.) epiploon.

épique, adj., epic.

épiscopal, -e, adj., episcopal.

épiscopal, n.m., episcopalian.

épiscopalement, adv., episcopally.

épiscopat, n.m., episcopate, episcopacy.

épiscopaux, n.m.pl., Episcopalians.

épisode, n.m., episode.

épisodique, adj., episodical.

épispastique, n.m., adj., (med.) epispastic.

épisperme, n.m., (bot.) seed-coat, episperm, aril, arillus.

épisser, v.a., (nav.) to splice.

épissoir, n.m., (nav.) fid, splicing-fid; marlinspike.

épissure, n.f., (nav.) splice.

épistolaire, adj., epistolary.

épistolaire, n.m., letter-writer.

épistoli-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., letter-writer; (c.rel.) lectionary.

épistolographe, n.m., Greek or Latin letter-writer.

épistyle, n.m., (arch.) epistyle.

épitaphe, n.f., epitaph.

épitase, n.f., (dramatic lit.) epitasis.

épithalame, n.m., epithalamium, nuptial song.

épithème, n.m., (pharm.) epithem.

épithète, n.f., epithet.

épitoge, n.f., hood; shoulder-knot; cassock.

épitomé, n.m., epitome; compendium; abridgment.

épître, n.f., epistle, letter, missive. — dédicatoire; dedicatory epistle. Le côté de l’—; the right-hand side of the altar.

épitrope, n.f., (rhet.) epitrope.

épizootie (-tî), n.f., epizooty.

épizootique, adj., epizootic. Maladie —; epizootic distemper.

*éplaigner, v.a., (manu.) to raise the nap of the cloth, to tease, to teasel.

éplaigneur, n.m., cloth-dresser, teaseler.

éploré, -e, adj., in tears, weeping, disconsolate, distressed.

éployé, -e, adj., (her.) spread (of the eagle).

épluchage, n.m., (manu.) picking.

épluchement (é-plush-mān), n.m., cleaning, picking.

éplucher, v.a., to pick, to clean, to sift; to examine minutely. — la vie de quelqu’un; to examine minutely into any one’s life. — un ouvrage; to examine a work minutely, or to pick any work to pieces.

s’éplucher, v.r., to clean itself (of certain animals); (fig.) to examine one’s self.

éplucheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., picker; fault-finder; hair-splitter.

éplucheuse, n.f., picker (instrument).

épluchoir, n.m., paring-knife.

épluchures, n.f.pl., parings, pickings, orts, refuse.

épode, n.f., epode.

épointé, -e, adj., without a point, blunt-topped; (of a dog) with a broken thigh; (of a horse) hip-shot.

épointement, n.m., bluntness.

épointer, v.a., to break off the point, to blunt.

s’épointer, v.r., to have its point broken off.

*épointillage, n.m., (tech.) burling.

*épointiller, v.a., (tech.) to burl (cloth).

épointure, n.f., (of horses, etc.) hip-shot.

épois, n.m.pl., trochings (of a deer).

éponge, n.f., sponge. Passer l’— sur quelque action; to say no more about, or to forget, an action. Presser l’—; to squeeze the sponge; to exact too much. Il boit comme une —; he drinks like a fish.

éponger, v.a., to sponge; to sponge up; to mop.

épongier, n.m., (l.u.) spongeman.

*épontille, n.f., (nav.) stanchion, prop.

*épontiller, v.a., to prop, to shore.

éponyme, n.m. and adj., (antiq.) eponym; eponymous.

épopée, n.f., epopee; epic poem.

époque, n.f., epoch; period, time, date; era. Faire —; to mark an era. Dès cette —; from that time. À l’— de; at the time of.

époucé, -e, adj., thumbless.

époudrer, v.a., (l.u.) to dust. V. épousseter.

épouffé, -e, adj., (fam.) out of breath.

s’épouffer, v.r., to steal away, to scamper off; to get out of breath from laughing. V. pouffer.

*épouiller, v.a., (l.ex.) to louse; to clean of lice.

*s’épouiller, v.r., (l.ex.) to louse one’s self.

époularder, v.a., to pick, to clean (tobacco).

époullin, espolin, or espoulin, n.m., (manu.) small shuttle, spool.

époumoner, v.a., to tire the lungs of; to exhaust.

s’époumoner, v.r., to tire one’s lungs; (fig.) to vociferate, to shout one’s self hoarse.

*épousailles, n.f.pl., espousals, nuptials.

épouse, n.f., spouse, bride, wife, consort.

épousé, -e, part., married, wedded.

épousée, n.f., bride, wife.

épouser, v.a., to marry, to take in marriage, to wed, to espouse, to embrace, to take up. — une héritière; to marry an heiress. — les intérêts d’autrui; to espouse the interests of others.

s’épouser, v.r., to marry each other.

épouseur, n.m., marrying man; intended husband.

époussetage, n.m., dusting.

épousseter (é-pous-té), v.a., to dust, to wipe off the dust; to beat the dust out of; to leather, to dust (beat). — quelqu’un; to dust any one’s jacket for him.

s’épousseter, v.r., to wipe the dust off one’s self.

époussette, n.f., dusting-rag, duster.

épouti, n.m., orts (in cloth).

époutieuse (-tieuz), n.f., picker, cleaner, burler (of cloth).

époutir, v.a., to pick, to clean (cloth).

épouvantable, adj., frightful, dreadful, tremendous, shocking, horrible; appalling. À un degré —; to a frightful degree.

épouvantablement, adv., frightfully, dreadfully, tremendously.

*épouvantail, n.m., scare-crow; bugbear; (orni.) sea-swallow. C’est un — de chenevière; she is a perfect scarecrow.

épouvante, n.f., terror, dismay, affright. Porter l’— dans le pays ennemi; to spread terror in the enemy’s country. L’— les a pris; they were seized with dismay. Frapper d’—; to dismay, to affright.

épouvantement, n.m., terror, affright.

épouvanter, v.a., to terrify, to frighten, to appall, to scare.

s’épouvanter, v.r., to be frightened or terrified; to take fright.

époux, n.m., spouse, husband, bridegroom. pl., husband and wife. Futur —; intended husband.

épreindre (épreignant, épreint), v.a., to squeeze out, to press, to express.

épreinte, n.f., tenesmus; straining; (fig.) pressure (chiefly used in pl.).

s’éprendre, v.r., to become enamored of; to fall in love with.

épreuve, n.f., trial, proof, test, ordeal, examination; (print.) proof, revise. J’en ai fait l’—; I have tried it, made a trial of it. Passer par de rudes —s; to go through hard trials. Mettre à l’—; to make a trial of, to put to the test. À l’— du feu; fire-proof. A l’— des balles; ball-proof. À l’— de l’eau; waterproof. À toute —; trusty, well-tried, faithful, devoted. Courage à toute —; courage proof against everything. — judiciaire; ordeal. Temps d’—; probation. — chargée; (print.) foul proof. — peu chargée; (print.) clean proof. Corriger une —; (print.) to correct a proof. Première — d’auteur; (print.) reader’s proof. Seconde — d’auteur; (print.) revise. Troisième — d’auteur; (print.) second revise. — avant la lettre; (engr.) proof before letters. Tirer une —; (print.) to pull a proof.

épris, -e, adj., in love, taken with, smitten, charmed with. Il en est —; he is smitten with her.

éprouver, v.a., to try, to prove; to put to the proof; to feel, to experience, to meet with; to go through. — la fidélité de quelqu’un; to try any one’s fidelity. — une douleur; to feel a pain. — des malheurs; to meet with misfortunes. — un canon; to test a cannon. S’— à; to try one’s hand at.

éprouvette, n.f., gauge; steam-gauge; test-glass; eprouvette (for testing gunpowder).

sel d’epsom, n.m., Epsom salts.

eptacorde, n.m. V. heptacorde.

eptagone, n.m. V. heptagone.

épucer, v.a., to catch the fleas of; to clear of fleas.

s’épucer, v.r., to catch one’s fleas.

épuisable, adj., exhaustible.

épuisé, -e, part., exhausted; drained; spent; worn out; used up; threadbare; out of print; done up. Terre —e; exhausted ground. L’édition est épuisée; the book is out of print.

épuisement (é-puiz-mān), n.m., draining; draining off; exhaustion. L’— des finances; the low state of the finances. Tuyau d’—; exhausting-pipe.

épuiser, v.a., to exhaust, to spend, to drain, to use up; to eat up, to consume. — une matière; to exhaust a subject. Leurs ressources étaient épuisées; their resources were exhausted.

s’épuiser, v.r., to be exhausted, to waste, to wear out, to exhaust one’s self; to sell off, to get out of print.

épuisette, n.f., scoop, hand-net, landing-net.

épulide or épulie, n.f., (surg.) epulis.

épulons, n.m.pl., (antiq.) epulones.

épulotique, n.m. and adj., (pharm.) epulotic.

☉épurati-f, -ve, adj., depurating; purifying; refining.

épuration, n.f., purification, purifying, refining, refinement. — du sang; purifying of the blood.

épuratoire, adj., purifying.

épure, n.f., (arch.) diagram, draught, working-drawing (of a building).

épurement, n.m., purifying.

épurer, v.a., to purify, to clear, to clarify, to refine; to purge. — de l’eau bourbeuse; to clear muddy water. — de l’or; to refine gold.

s’épurer, v.r., to be purified, to grow finer, more refined (of style, language).

épurge, n.f., (bot.) caper-spurge.

équarrir, v.a., (tech.) to square; to cut up.

équarrissage, n.m., (carp.) squareness; squaring; scantling; flaying and cutting up (horses). Dix pouces d’—; ten inches square. Bois d’—; squared timber. Clos d’—; knacker’s yard.

équarrissement, n.m., (tech.) squaring.

équarrisseur, n.m., knacker.

équarrissoir, n.m., rimer; knacker’s knife.

équateur (é-koua-), n.m., equator, equinoctial line; (country) Ecuador.

équation (é-koua-), n.f., (alg.) equation. — du premier degré; (alg.) simple equation. Poser une —; to state an equation. Montre à —; chronometer.

équatorial, -e (é-koua-), adj., equatorial. n.m., equatorial telescope (instrument).

équerre, n.f., set square; square rule. Dresser à l’—; to square. À fausse —; out of square; bevel. Courbe à —; (nav.) square knee.

équerrer, v.a., to square, to bevel.

équestre (é-kuèstr) adj., equestrian.

équiangle (é-kui-) adj., (geom.) equiangular.

équidifférent, -e (é-kui-), adj., equidifferent.

équidistant, -e (é-kui-), adj., (geom.) equidistant.

équilatéral, -e (é-kui-), adj., (geom.) equilateral.

équilatère (é-kui-), adj., (l.u.) (geom.) equilateral.

équilboquet, n.m., mortise-gauge.

équilibre, n.m., equilibrium, equipoise, poise, balance. Mettre en —; to poise. Faire l’—; to make things equal. Perdre l’—; to lose one’s equilibrium, one’s balance.

équilibrer, v.a., to poise; to place in equilibrium. S’—; to balance (of things).

équilibriste, n.m.f., acrobat.

équille, n.f., (pisc.) sand-eel.

équinoxe, n.m., equinox. Vents d’—; equinoctial wind.

équinoxial, -e, adj., equinoctial. Ligne —e; equinoctial line.

équipage, n.m., equipage, carriage; turnout; equipment; dress; gear, tackle, implements; plight; crew. Avoir son —, rouler —; to keep one’s carriage. Être dans un triste —; to be badly equipped. Être en triste —; to be in a sad plight. — de Jean de Paris; brilliant equipage. — de Bohème; sorry equipage. Maître d’—; (nav.) boatswain.

équipe, n.f., (nav.) train of boats; manning; set, gang (of workmen). Chef d’—; foreman. Homme d’—; boatman, oarsman, porter. Faire l’—; to manage; to man (a boat).

équipée, n.f., prank; freak, frolic.

équipement (é-kip-mān), n.m., outfit, fitting out, equipment, accoutrement; manning. Petit —; kit.

équiper, v.a., to equip, to fit out, to stock, to furnish, to man; to ill-treat, to pay out. — une flotte; to fit out a fleet.

s’équiper, v.r., to fit one’s self out; to dress up; to titivate one’s self; to rig one’s self out.

équipet, n.m., (nav.) locker.

équipollence, n.f., (l.u.) equipollence.

☉équipollent, n.m., equipollent, equivalent. À l’—; in proportion.

équipollent, -e, adj., equipollent, equivalent.

☉équipoller, v.a., to be equivalent, to be of the like value; to balance.

équipondérance (é-kui-), n.f., equiponderance.

équitable, adj., equitable, upright, just, fair.

équitablement, adv., equitably, justly, fairly.

équitant, -e (é-kui-), adj., (bot.) (of leaves) equitant.

équitation (é-kui-), n.f., equitation, riding, horsemanship.

équité, n.f., equity, justice.

équivalemment (-la-mān), adv., (l.u.) equivalently.

équivalence, n.f., equivalence.

équivalent, -e, adj., equivalent.

équivalent, n.m., equivalent.

équivaloir, v.n., to be equivalent, to be tantamount to.

équivalve, adj., (conch.) equivalve.

équivoque, adj., equivocal, ambiguous, doubtful, uncertain. Un homme —; a man of doubtful character.

équivoque, n.f., equivocation; ambiguity; evasion, shuffling; (paint.) defect, fault. User d’—s; to equivocate.

équivoquer, v.n., to equivocate, to speak ambiguously, to quibble, to shuffle.

s’équivoquer, v.r., to use one word for another, to make a slip, to be mistaken.

érable, n.m., maple, maple-tree. — blanc; sycamore. — à sucre; sugar-maple. — moucheté; birds’-eye maple.

éradicati-f, -ve, adj., eradicative.

éradication, n.f., eradication.

érafler, v.a., to scratch slightly, to graze.

éraflure, n.f., slight scratch, graze.

*éraillé, -e, part., frayed, fretted; bloodshot (of the eyes); (nav.) (of cables and ropes) chafed, galled; (of the voice) rough, hoarse, husky.

*éraillement, n.m., (med.) eversion of the eyelids; fraying, fretting, unweaving; huskiness, hoarseness.

*érailler, v.a., to fray, to fret, to unweave.

*s’érailler, v.r., to fray; (nav.) to chafe; to become bloodshot (of the eyes); to become husky, hoarse (of the voice). La gaze est sujette à s’—; gauze is apt to fray.

*éraillure, n.f., fret, fraying; chafing, gall.

ératé, -e, part., spleened; sprightly, lively, gay, arch, shrewd. Un petit garçon —; a sprightly little boy.

érater, v.a., to pull out the spleen; to spleen.

s’érater, v.r., to run one’s self out of breath, to lose one’s breath through running.

ère, n.f., era, epoch.

érèbe, n.m., (myth.) Erebus.

érecteur, n.m. and adj., (anat.) erector (muscle).

érectile, adj., (anat.) erectile.

érection, n.f., erection, erecting; establishment, raising.

éreinter, v.a., to break any one’s back; to tire out, to knock up, to do up; to beat unmercifully (fig.); to cut to pieces; to lash with satire; to slay.

s’éreinter, v.r., to break one’s back, to tire one’s self out, to be knocked up; to drudge, to toil and moil.

érémitique, adj., hermitical, eremitical.

érésipélateu-x, -se, adj., (med.) erysipelatous.

érésipèle, n.m., (med.) erysipelas, St. Anthony’s fire; (vet.) wild-fire.

éréthisme, n.m., (med.) erethismus.

ergastule, n.f., (Rom. antiq.) slaves’ prison.

ergo, conj., (log.) ergo; then, therefore. —-glu, —-gluc; (fam., jest.) ergo, nothing at all; and what then.

ergot, n.m., spur (of certain birds); (agri.) ergot, spur; (pharm.) ergota, horn-seed; (nav.) taggle; dew-claw (of a dog); (vet.) ergot. Monter sur ses —s; to ride the high horse. Être sur ses —s; to keep one’s distance; to be stand-offish. — de coq; cock’s-spur.

ergotage, n.m. V. ergoterie.

ergoté, -e, adj., spurred, having a dew-claw (of a dog). Un coq bien —; a well-spurred cock. Seigle —; spurred rye.

ergoter, v.n., to cavil, to wrangle, to chop logic. Il ergote sur tout; he finds fault with everything.

ergoterie (èr-go-trî), n.f., caviling; quibbling, quibble.

ergoteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., caviler, quibbler.

ergotisme, n.m., caviling, quibbling, quibble; (med.) ergotism.

éridan, n.m., (astron.) Eridanus.

ériger, v.a., to erect, to raise, to rear, to set up, to institute.

s’ériger, v.r., to erect one’s self into; to set up for, to pose as, to pretend to be; to be erected, raised, built. S’— en censeur public; to set up for a public censor.

*érigne or érine, n.f., (surg.) hook.

érigone, n.f., (astron.) Virgo.

ermin, n.m., customs duty (in the Levant).

erminette or herminette, n.f., (carp.) adz.

ermitage, n.m., hermitage.

ermite, n.m., hermit, recluse. Pâtes d’—; dry walnuts.

érodé, -e, adj., (tech.) eroded, gnawed.

érosi-f, -ve, adj., erosive.

érosion, n.f., erosion.

érotique, adj., erotic.

érotomanie, n.f., erotomania, nymphomania.

erpétologie, n.f., erpetology.

errant, -e (èr-rān, -t), adj., wandering; lost, fugitive, roving, errant; rambling. Chevalier —; knight-errant. Le juif —; the wandering Jew.

errant, n.m., lost sheep.

errata (èr-ra-ta), n.m., (—) errata.

erratique, adj., (med., astron.) erratic.

erratum, n.m., (—) erratum. V. errata.

erre, n.f., course, way; (nav.) way (of a ship). pl., track (of a stag). Aller grand’—; to go very fast. Marcher sur les —s de quelqu’un; to tread in any one’s footsteps.

errements (èr-mān), n.m.pl., traces, track, manner, way, proceedings; vagaries, follies. Reprendre les anciens — d’une affaire or suivre les vieux —; to fall into the old track again.

errer (èr-ré), v.n., to wander, to ramble, to stray, to range, to rove, to stroll, to roll; to err, to mistake, to be mistaken, to go astray. — partout; to ramble about. — çà et là; to ramble about, to stroll up and down, to wander to and fro. Aller errant; to wander up and down.

erreur (èr-reur), n.f., error, illusion, mistake, blunder. Sauf —; errors excepted. Être dans l’—; to be mistaken. Tirer quelqu’un de son —; to convince any one of his error. —! not a bit of it! — n’est pas compte; misreckoning is no payment.

errhin, n.m., (med.) errhine.

errhin, -e, adj., (med.) errhine.

erroné, -e (èr-ro-né), adj., erroneous, mistaken, false, unsound, untrue.

erronément, adv., erroneously.

ers (èr), n.m., tare, vetch, lentil.

erse, n.f., (nav.) iron cringle. —s de poulies; block-strops.

erse, adj., Erse (Gaelic, Irish, Scotch).

erseau, n.m., cringle.

érubescent, -e, adj., erubescent, reddening.

érucage, érucago, or érucague (-kag), n.f., (bot.) rocket.

éructation, n.f., eructation, belching.

éructer, v.a., (l.u.) to eructate, to belch.

érudit, -e, adj., erudite, learned.

érudit, n.m., scholar, learned man.

érudition, n.f., learning, erudition, scholarship.

érugineu-x, -se, adj., eruginous.

erupti-f, -ve, n.f., (med.) eruptive.

éruption, n.f., act of breaking forth, eruption; cutting (of teeth).

érysipélateu-x, -se, adj. V. érésipélateux.

érysipèle, n.m. V. érésipèle.

ès, art., (contraction of en les), in, of; (before certain names of towns), Saint-Germain — Laye. Maître — arts; master of arts.

escabeau, n.m., stool.

escabelle, n.f., stool. Déranger les —s à; (fig.) to upset (any one’s) calculations; to baffle or foil (any one).

escache, n.f., scatch, bit (for horses).

escadre, n.f., (nav.) squadron, fleet. Chef d’—; commodore; flag-officer.

*escadrille, n.f., (nav.) small squadron, flotilla.

escadron, n.m., (milit.) squadron (of horse). Chef d’—; major.

escadronner, v.n., to manœuvre (of cavalry).

escalade, n.f., scaling (a wall); (milit.) escalade.

escalader, v.a., to scale, to climb over; (milit.) to escalade. S’—; to be scaled.

escale, n.f., (nav.) putting in, calling. Faire — dans un port; to put into a port, to touch at, to call at (a port).

escalier, n.m., staircase, stairs, flight of stairs, steps. — en limaçon; winding staircase. — dérobé; private staircase. — de commandement; (nav.) companion-ladder.

escalin, n.m., Dutch (sixpenny piece).

escalope, n.f., split-bean; (pisc.) scallop; (cook.) a kind of stew.

escamotage, n.m., juggling, sleight of hand; legerdemain; prigging, filching.

escamote, n.f., juggler’s ball.

escamoter, v.a., to juggle, to juggle away; to pilfer, to shuffle out of, to ease of. On lui a escamoté sa bourse; they eased him of his purse.

escamoteur, n.m., juggler, conjurer; fleecer, pilferer; pickpocket.

escamper, v.n., to scamper away.

escampette, n.f., scampering. Il a pris de la poudre d’—; he has scampered away.

escapade, n.f., prank, freak, spree, frolic, lark. Faire une —; to have a lark.

escape, n.f., (arch.) scape.

*escarbille, n.f., coal cinder, clinker.

escarbot, n.m., (ent.) horn-beetle.

escarboucle, n.f., (min.) carbuncle.

escarcelle, n.f., (jest.) purse, money-bag. Il a rempli son —; he has filled his purse.

escargot, n.m., snail, edible snail.

escarmouche, n.f., skirmish; brush. — de route; (milit.) running fight. Aller à l’—; to go out skirmishing; (fig.) caviling, bickering.

escarmoucher, v.n., to skirmish; (fig.) to cavil, to bicker.

escarmoucheur, n.m., skirmisher; caviler.

escarole, n.f., (bot.) endive.

escarotique, n.m. and adj., (med.) escharotic, caustic.

escarpe, n.f., (fort.) scarp, escarp.

escarpé, -e, adj., steep, precipitous, rugged, cragged; (nav.) bluffy.

escarpement, n.m., (fort.) escarpment, steepness.

escarper, v.a., to cut steep or vertically; (milit.) to escarp; (fig.) to do for.

escarpin, n.m., pump (shoe). Jouer de l’—; to run away, to take to one’s heels, to bolt.

escarpolette, n.f., swing, see-saw. Il a la tête à l’—; he is a hare-brained fellow.

escarre, n.f., (med.) eschar; slough; ☉(fig.) gap.

escaveçade, n.f., (man.) jerk (with the cavesson).

escient, n.m., (l.u.) knowledge. À son —; to his knowledge, wittingly. À bon —; in good earnest; wittingly, knowingly.

esclaire, n.m., (hawking) bird of prey.

esclandre, n.m., fracas, uproar; scandal, exposure, scene. Faire —; to make a scene, to cause an uproar.

esclavage, n.m., slavery; bondage; thralldom; inthrallment; drudgery. Réduire à l’—; to enslave, to reduce to slavery.

esclave, n.m.f., slave; bondman; drudge. Commandeur d’—s; slave-driver. Propriétaire d’—s; slave-owner. On est — dans cette maison; one is a very drudge in that house (i.e. the work is endless in).

esclave, adj., slavish. Avoir une âme —; to have a slavish, base disposition.

escobard, n.m., equivocator, shuffler.

escobarder, v.n., to equivocate, to prevaricate, to shuffle.

escobarderie, n.f., prevarication, shuffling, subterfuge.

☉escoffion, n.m., cap, hair-net.

escogriffe, n.m., sharper, shark, sponger; tall, lank, ungainly fellow.

escompte (ès-cont), n.m., discount. À —; at a discount. Faire l’—; to discount.

escompter (ès-conté), v.a., to discount, to cash; (fig.) to anticipate, to forestall. — un billet, un effet; to cash a bill.

escompteur (ès-kon-teur), n.m., (com.) discounter.

escope, n.f. V. écope.

escopette, n.f., carbine.

escopetterie, n.f., volley of carbines, etc.

escopettier, n.m., rifleman.

escorte, n.f., escort; (nav.) convoy (fig.); retinue, train, attendants. Servir d’— à; to serve as an escort to, to guard. Bâtiment d’—; convoy-ship.

escorter, v.n., to escort; to accompany, to attend. — la caisse militaire; to escort the military chest.

escot, n.m., kind of serge; (nav.) skeet.

escouade, n.f., (milit.) squad; gang.

escourgée, n.f., scourge; lash; lashing.

escourgeon (-jon), n.m., winter-barley.

escousse, n.f., (l.u.) spring, run, start. Prendre son —; to take one’s spring.

escrime, n.f., fencing. Salle d’—; fencing-school. Être hors d’—; to be put off one’s guard; to be at one’s wits’ end.

escrimer, v.n., to fence; to spar; to have a trial of skill.

s’escrimer, v.r., to strive; to try; to dabble in; to have some knowledge of. Il s’escrime toujours, mais rien n’y fait; he keeps on pegging away, but nothing comes of it.

escrimeur, n.m., fencer.

escroc (ès-krô), n.m., sharper, swindler, blackleg.

escroquer, v.a., to swindle, to cheat.

escroquerie (ès-kro-krî), n.f., swindling, swindle, cheating.

escroqueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., cheat, swindler.

escubac. V. scubac.

esculape, n.m., (—s) Æsculapius; (fam.) a clever physician.

esculent, -e, adj., (l.u.) edible, eatable, esculent.

escurial, n.m., Escurial.

ésope, n.m., (—s) Æsop; (fam.) hunchback. C’est un —; he is a hunchback.

ésotérique, adj., esoteric.

espace, n.m., space, room, place, volume. —s imaginaires; imaginary space. Court — de temps; short space of time.

espace, n.f., (print.) space.

espacement (ès-pas-mān), n.m., (arch.) interval, interspace, spread; (print.) spacing.

espacer, v.a., to leave a space between; to separate, to place apart; to plant at regular intervals; (print.) to space.

espade, n.f., tewing-beetle (for hemp).

espader, v.a., to tew hemp.

espadeur, n.m., hemp-beater.

espadon, n.m., espadon, broadsword; two-handed sword; (ich.) swordfish.

espadonner, v.n., to fight with the broadsword.

espadot, n.m., boat-hook.

espadrille, n.f., bathing shoe, sandal.

*espagnol, -e, n. and adj., Spaniard; Spanish. La langue —e; the Spanish tongue.

*espagnol, n.m., Spanish (language).

*espagnolette, n.f., baize; French window fastening.

espalier, n.m., (hort.) espalier; fruit-wall; (nav.) stroke-oar. Venir en —; to grow on an espalier.

espalmer, v.a., (nav.) to grave.

esparcet, n.m., esparcette, n.f., French honeysuckle; esparcet; sainfoin.

espargoute, n.f. V. spergule.

espars, n.m.pl., (nav.) spars.

espèce, n.f., species, kind, sort; nature; breed; case at issue, case in point, (jur.) case. pl., specie, ready money, hard cash; (theol.) element. L’— humaine; mankind. Payer en —s; to pay in cash. —s sonnantes; hard cash, cash down.

espérance, n.f., hope, confidence, trust, expectation. Dans l’—; in expectation. Se nourrir d’—; to feed on hope. Vivre d’—; to live on hope. Répondre à ses —s; to answer one’s expectations.

espérer, v.a., to hope, to hope for, to expect; to trust. Il espère une meilleure fortune; he hopes for a better fortune. Je n’espère plus rien; I have no further hopes.

espérer, v.n., to hope, to hope for, to be hopeful of; to put one’s trust in. J’espère bien; I hope so indeed. En voilà une, j’espère; that’s one, if you like.

espiègle, n.m.f. and adj., frolicsome child; frolicsome, waggish, arch, roguish.

espièglerie, n.f., frolic, roguish or playful trick, waggishness.

espingole, n.f., blunderbuss.

espion, n.m., -ne, n.f., spy; (at races) touter.

espionnage, n.m., espionage; spy system, spying.

espionner, v.a., to spy, to pry into.

esplanade, n.f., esplanade, parade.

espoir, n.m., hope, expectance. Avoir l’— de; to be in hopes of. Mettre son — dans; to set one’s hopes on. Sans —; hopeless.

espolin, n.m. V. époullin.

esponton, n.m., spontoon, half-pike.

espouleur, n.m. V. époulleur.

espoulin, n.f. V. époullin.

espringale, n.f., springal (a kind of sling).

esprit, n.m., spirit, soul, ghost, shade; mind, sense, understanding, wit, intellect; humor, disposition, temper, character; meaning; spirit, spirituous liquor; (gram.) breathing. — malin; evil spirit, fiend. — follet; goblin. Dieu est un —; God is a spirit. Le Saint-—, l’—-Saint; the Holy Ghost. — doux; (Grec. gram.) soft breathing. — rude; (Grec. gram.) hard breathing. — borné, étroit; narrow intellect. — dérangé; disordered mind. — de corps; fellow-feeling, brotherhood. — d’ordre; orderliness, management. — de suite; consistency. — de parti; party spirit. Cultiver l’—; to cultivate the mind. Un homme d’—; a man of parts, a sensible man, a man of wit. Un ouvrage d’—; a work of talent. Un bel —; a wit. Un — fort; a free-thinker. — présent; ready wit. S’alambiquer l’—; to puzzle one’s brains. Un homme à l’— étroit; a narrow-minded man. Aliéner l’— de quelqu’un; to drive any one mad. Avoir l’— sain; to be of sound mind. Avoir de l’—; to be intelligent, to be witty, to be sensible. Avoir l’— aux talons; to shine at the wrong end, to go a wool-gathering. Avoir l’— bien fait; to be good-tempered. Faire de l’—; to play the wit. Faire revenir l’— à quelqu’un; to bring any one to his senses. Faire revenir quelqu’un à l’— de; to recall to any one, or remind any one of. Où avait-il l’— quand? where were his wits when? what was he thinking of, when? Vous n’avez pas saisi l’— de cet auteur; you have not understood the meaning of that author. Reprendre ses —s; to recover one’s senses; to come to one’s self. Ne pas avoir l’— tranquille; to be uneasy in one’s mind. Remettre les —s; to quiet people’s minds. Rendre l’—; to give up the ghost. Venir dans l’—; to come into one’s mind. Passer pour un homme d’—; to pass for a wit. Les grands —s se rencontrent; great wits jump together (i.e., when two people say the same thing together). —s animaux; animal spirits. L’— court les rues; wit is a drug in the market.

esprité, -e, adj., intelligent, clever, witty.

esprot, n.m., sprat.

esquicher, v.n., s’—, v.r., (reversis) to play a low card in order not to win a trick. S’—; (fig.) to answer evasively, to back out of.

esquif, n.m., skiff.

*esquille, n.f., splinter (of a bone).

esquinancie, n.f., quinsy.

esquine, n.f., (man.) horse’s loins; (bot.) China-root. Un cheval fort d’—; a horse strong in his loins. (bot.) V. squine.

esquipot, n.m., (fam.) money-box.

esquisse, n.f., sketch, outline, rough drawing; rough-draft; plan. Cahier d’—s; sketch-book. Faire l’— de; to make a sketch of. L’— d’un poème; the sketch of a poem.

esquisser, v.a., (paint.) to sketch, to outline.

esquiver, v.a., to shun, to avoid, to elude.

s’esquiver, v.r., to escape, to slip away, to steal away, to give the slip, to make off.

esquiver, v.n., to slip away, to make off; to avoid.

essai, n.m., trial, essay, attempt, endeavor; sample; experiment; testing, assaying (metal.). Donner, prendre, à l’—; to give, to take, on trial. Faire son coup d’—; to make one’s first attempt. Faire l’— de; to make a trial of. — sur la peinture; essay on painting. Faire l’— de l’or; to assay gold. Pour —; by way of trial.

essaim (è-sin), n.m., swarm; bevy, host.

essaimer, v.n., to swarm. Cette ruche a essaimé; that hive has swarmed.

essanger, v.a., to soak, to scour (dirty linen).

essarder, v.a., (nav.) to mop, to swab.

essartement, n.m., grubbing, clearing (of lands).

essarter, v.a., to clear, to grub; to assart.

essaver, v.a., to drain.

essayage, n.m., trying-on (of clothes).

essayer, v.a., to try; to essay, to attempt, to make a trial of; to assay. — de l’or; to assay gold. — une chose; to try a thing.

s’essayer, v.r., to try one’s strength or one’s skill, to make attempts, to try one’s hand. Il s’est essayé à peindre; he has tried his hand at painting.

essayer, v.n., to try, to attempt, to make a trial. Essayez de le persuader; try to persuade him. — de marcher; to try to walk.

essayerie, n.f., assay-office (of the mint).

essayeur, n.m., assayer.

essayiste, n.m.f., essayist.

esse, n.f., S; linch-pin (of the axle-tree of a coach); fore-lock (of a gun-carriage).

esseigler, v.a., to clear of rye.

esselier, n.m., (man.) brace.

esséminer, v.a., (l.u.) to disperse; to scatter.

essence, n.f., essence; substance; species (of trees); benzene; (of roses) otto, attar. — de romarin; essence of rosemary. — de la vie; heart’s blood.

essénien, n.m., Essene.

essentiel, -le (-cièl), adj., essential, material. C’est là le point —; that is the main point.

essentiel (-cièl), n.m., essential, essential point, main point, main thing.

essentiellement (-sièl-mān), adv., essentially, materially.

essette, n.f., hammer-axe.

esseulé, -e, adj., (fam., l.u.) solitary, abandoned.

essieu, n.m., axle-tree; pin (of a block), écartement des —x; wheel base (motor).

essor, n.m., flight; soaring, soar; strain; swing, play, scope, impulse, impulsion. Donner l’— à; to give wings to, to give scope to. L’— du génie; the soaring of genius. Prendre son —; to take one’s flight.

essorant, -e, adj., (her.) soaring. Un oiseau —; (her.) a soaring bird.

essorer, v.a., to hang in the air in order to dry.

s’essorer, v.r., to soar aloft.

essoreu-r, -se, n.m.f., dryer. n.f., drying machine.

*essoriller, v.a., to cut the ears (of a dog); to crop short (hair); to crop a dog.

essoufflé, -e, part., breathless; out of breath. Être tout —; to be quite out of breath.

essoufflement, n.m., panting, breathlessness.

essouffler, v.a., to put out of breath; to wind (horses). S’—, v.r., to put one’s self out of breath; to get or be out of breath.

essui, n.m., drying-closet, drying-house.

essuie-main, n.m., (—, or —-—s) towel.

essuie-pieds, n.m., mat, door-mat.

essaie-plume, n.m., (—, or —-—s) pen-wiper.

essuyage, n.m., wiping.

essuyer, v.a., to wipe, to wipe off, to wipe away, to wipe dry; to sustain, to support, to bear, to endure, to go through, to undergo. — les larmes de quelqu’un; to console any one. — des affronts; to endure affronts. — un refus or un revers; to meet with a refusal or a check.

s’essuyer, v.r., to dry one’s self. S’— les mains, la figure; to wipe one’s hands, one’s face.

est (èst), n.m., east. D’—; eastern, easterly. Un vent d’—; an easterly wind. À l’—; to the east, eastward. Vers l’—; eastward.

estacade, n.f., stockade; boom (of a harbor).

estafette, n.f., courier, express messenger; (milit.) estafette.

estafier, n.m., (b.s.) tall footman, flunkey, livery servant; lanky Jack; hector, bully.

estafilade, n.f., cut (in the face), gash, slash; rent (in clothes).

estafilader, v.a., to slash, to cut, to gash.

estagnon, n.m., a copper bottle.

estame, n.f., worsted, knitted worsted.

estamet, n.m., coarse, woolen fabric.

estaminet, n.m., coffee-house; smoking divan; shades; tap-room.

estampage, n.m., stamping (metal.).

estampe, n.f., print, engraving, cut; stamp. Magasin d’—s; print-shop; (tech.) stamping-machine, punch.

estamper, v.a., to stamp; to punch, to brand.

estampeur, n.m., stamper. adj., stamping.

estampillage, n.m., stamping, marking.

*estampille, n.f., stamp, mark, trade-mark.

*estampiller, v.a., to stamp, to mark.

estanc, adj.m., (nav.) water-tight, well-found. Un navire —; (nav.) a well-found ship.

estance, n.f., (nav.) stanchion.

ester, v.n., (jur.) to appear in court, to plead (before justice).

estère, n.f., straw mat; creek, cove.

esteuble, n.f., stubble. V. éteule.

esthétique, n.f., æsthetics.

esthétique, adj., æsthetical.

estimable, adj., estimable.

estimateur, n.m., appraiser, appreciator, valuer.

estimatif, adj., estimative. Etat —; estimate.

estimation, n.f., estimation, appraising, valuation, estimate. Faire une — de; to appraise, to estimate.

estime, n.f., esteem, regard, estimation; (nav.) reckoning. Avoir de l’— pour; to hold in esteem. Être perdu d’— et de réputation; to have lost one’s reputation, and the esteem of every one.

estimer, v.a., to estimate, to value; to rate, to assess; to esteem, to regard, to prize, to consider, to deem, to account. — des meubles; to value furniture. — trop; to overrate.

s’estimer, v.r., to esteem, or to prize, one’s self; to set a value on one’s self; to consider one’s self; to esteem one another.

estival, -e, adj., estival, summer.

estivation, n.f., (bot.) estivation; (zoöl.) torpor.

estive, n.f., (nav.) trimming, stowing (cargo).

estiver, v.a., (nav.) to stow, to trim, to press the cargo down; to turn cattle out to grass during summer.

estoc, n.m., tuck (sword); point of a sword; trunk, stock (of trees); (nav.) ledge, rock, shelf. Frapper d’— et de taille; to cut and thrust, or to lay about (recklessly). Parler d’— et de taille; to talk at random. Dites-vous cela de votre —? do you say that of yourself? is it original? Être réduit à blanc —; to be done up or reduced to nothing. À blanc —; (agri.) to the root.

estocade, n.f., (fenc.) stoccado, stoccade, thrust, lunge; unexpected attack.

estocader, v.n., (fenc.) to thrust, to make passes, to lunge.

estomac (-ma), n.m., stomach; breast; chest. Avoir mal à l’—; to have a stomach-ache. Ardeur d’—; heartburn. Soulever l’—; to turn the stomach. Tiraillements d’—; twitching pains in the stomach. Le creux de l’—; the pit of the stomach.

s’estomaquer, v.r., (fam.) to take offense; not to be able to brook anything; to exhaust one’s self by speaking. Il s’est estomaqué; he is put out.

estompage, n.m., (draw.) stumping.

estompe, n.f., stump. Dessin à l’—; stump-drawing.

estomper, v.a., to stump; to shade off.

estouffade, n.f. V. étouffée.

estrade, n.f., platform, stand, stage. ☉Battre l’—; to scout; to be on the tramp. Batteurs d’—; ☉scouts; (fam.) strollers, trampers, vagrants.

estragon, n.m., (bot.) tarragon.

☉estramaçon, n.m., two-edged sword. Coup d’—; cut with the edge of a sword.

estramaçonner, v.r., (jest., l.u.) to strike with the edge of a sword, to cut, to slash.

estrapade, n.f., strappado; gibbet used for the strappado; (man.) estrapade. Se donner l’—; to torture one’s brains.

estrapader, v.a., to give the strappado, to torture.

estrapasser, v.a., (man.) to overwork, to override.

estraper, v.a., to mow (stubble).

estrope, n.f., (nav.) strop.

estroper, v.a., (nav.) to strop.

estropiat, n.m., (fam.) cripple; beggar.

estropié, n.m., -e, n.f., cripple.

estropié, -e, part., crippled, lame; disabled. Être — d’un bras; to have an arm disabled. Passage —; mutilated passage.

estropier, v.a., to cripple, to lame, to maim, to disable; to mangle, to murder, to spoil, to mutilate. — un passage; to mutilate a passage. — un rôle; (theat.) to murder a part.

estuaire, n.m., (geog.) estuary.

esturgeon (-jon), n.m., (ich.) sturgeon.

esule, n.f., (bot.) esula.

et (é), conj., and. — ... —; both ... and; then, thereupon. — vous — moi; both you and I. [The final t of et is never pronounced.]

établage, n.m., stabling.

étable, n.f., stable (for oxen, sheep, goats); stall; cattle-shed; cattle-house; pig-sty, hog-sty, sty. S’aborder de franche —; (nav.) to run right into one another, to run foul of one another.

établer, v.a., to put in a stable, to stable.

établi, n.m., bench (joiner’s); shop-board, counter (tailor’s).

établi, -e, part., established; settled, laid down.

établir, v.a., to establish, to set, to fix, to erect, to set up, to set up in business; to institute, to found, to aver, to make good, to lay down (statements); to assert; to prove, to make out, to show; to induct; to strike (balance); to impose (a tax). — sa fille; to settle one’s daughter. — un fait; to state a fact; to make it good. — par des exemples; to prove, to make good, by examples.

s’établir, v.r., to establish one’s self, to fix one’s residence, to take up one’s residence; to settle down, to settle (marry); to set up shop; to set up in business, to set up for one’s self, to set up. Il est venu s’— en France; he came to settle in France. Il songe à s’—; he is thinking of settling down.

établissement (-blis-mān), n.m., establishment, establishing, settlement; setting up, fixing, placing, erecting; proving, making out, showing; imposition (of taxes); settling; setting up in business; (nav.) tide-table. L’— d’un fait; the stating, proving of a fact. Les hôpitaux sont des —s très-utiles; hospitals are highly useful institutions. L’— de ses enfants; the settling of one’s children. Frais de premier —; first expenses. Dans l’—; on the premises.

étage, n.m., story, floor; flight (of stairs); (geol., mining) layer, stratum. Il demeure au troisième —; he lives on the third floor. Il y a des hommes d’esprit de tout —; there are wits of every degree. C’est un sot à triple —; he is a consummate fool. Avoir un menton à double —; to have a double chin. De bas —; of low degree; low birth.

étagé, -e, part., adj., rising tier upon tier; tapered, tapering.

étager, v.a., to taper; to dispose in tiers. S’—; to rise tier upon tier; to taper.

étagère, n.f., what-not, shelves.

étague (é-tag), n.f., (nav.) hoisting the yards.

étai, n.m., stay, shore; prop, strut. — de misaine; (nav.) fore-stay. — d’artimon; (nav.) mizzen-stay. — du grand mât; (nav.) main-stay.

étaie, n.f., (her.) chevronel.

☉étaiement, n.m., propping, staying, shoring, supporting, bearing up. V. étayement.

étaim (è-tin), n.m., fine carded wool.

étain, n.m., tin; pewter. — fin; pure tin. — commun; block tin. — métallique; white tin. — oxydé; tin-stone. — en feuilles; tin-foil. — de glace; tin-glass.

étal, n.m., stall; butcher’s stall; butcher’s shop.

étalage, n.m., laying out, exposing of goods for sale; goods exposed for sale; shop-window; window; stallage; finery, fine clothes; showing off, ostentatious display, show. Cela n’est bon qu’à servir d’—; that will only serve for show. Faire — de son esprit; to parade one’s wit. Faire de l’—; to make a show, to show off.

étalagiste, n.m., stall-keeper, window-dresser.

étale, adj., (nav.) still; slack (of the water); settled, steady (of the wind). Mer —; slack water, tide.

étalé, -e, part., spread out, unfolded, displayed.

étaler, v.a., to expose for sale; to put in the shop-window; to spread, to spread out; to show, to set forth, to display, to parade, to make a show or parade of, to show off.

s’étaler, v.r., to be exposed for sale; to be hung up in the window; to be displayed, to be spread out; to stretch one’s self out, to sprawl; to show one’s self off, to show off. S’— sur l’herbe; to stretch one’s self at full length on the grass.

étalier, n.m., journeyman-butcher.

étalinguer (-ghé), v.a., (nav.) to clinch.

étalingure, n.f., (nav.) clinch, bend (of a cable).

étalon, n.m., stallion; standard (of weight and measures). D’—; standard. — de haras; stud-horse.

étalonnage or étalonnement, n.m., stamping (of weights, etc.); gauging.

étalonner, v.a., to stamp; to gauge.

étalonneur, n.m., inspector of weights and measures.

étamage, n.m., tinning; quicksilvering, silvering; plating.

étambot (formerly étambord), n.m., (nav.) stern-post.

étambrai, n.m., (nav.) partner (of a mast, etc.).

étamer, v.a., to tin; to plate (glass); to foliate, to quicksilver.

étameur, n.m., tinman; silverer.

étamine, n.f., stamin; tammy; sieve; strainer, colander; bolting-cloth; bolter; bunting; (bot.) stamen, male organ, thrum. Passer par l’—; to sift. Il a passé par l’—; he has been strictly examined.

étaminé, -e, adj., (bot.) stamened.

étamineuse, adj.f., (bot.) having stamina, but no petals or leaves.

étaminier, n.m., stamin-maker.

étamper, v.a., to punch (horse-shoes).

étampure, n.f., the holes of a horse-shoe.

étamure, n.f., melted tin, tinning, material for tinning.

étanche, adj., water-tight; air-tight; steam-tight.

étanché, part., stopped (of a leak).

étanchement (é-tānsh-mān), n.m., stanching; stopping; quenching; slaking. L’— du sang; the stopping of blood.

étancher, v.a., to stanch; to stop; to slake, to quench. — le sang; to stop the blood. — la soif; to quench the thirst. — un vaisseau; (nav.) to free a ship of water.

étançon, n.m., prop, stay, supporter, shore; (nav.) stanchion.

étançonner, v.a., to prop, to underprop, to stay, to support, to shore.

étanfiche, n.f., quarry-stratum.

étang, n.m., pond, fish-pond; pool. Peupler un —; to stock a pond. Pêcher un —; to drag a pond.

étape, n.f., store-house; rations; forage; halting place; stage. Brûler l’—; to pass through without stopping.

étapier, n.m., (milit.) distributor of rations.

état, n.m., state; commonweal, commonwealth; case, condition; position, circumstance, plight, predicament, account, statement, return; list, register, inventory, estimate; establishment; calling, profession, station; office. pl., dominions; (med.) acme; (milit.) list, muster-roll. Mettre hors d’— de; to put it out of any one’s power to. Il est en — de payer; he is able to pay, he is in a position to pay. En quelque — que soit l’affaire; however the matter may stand. De son —; by profession, by trade. Se mettre en — de défense; to put one’s self in a state of defense. Mettre en —; to enable, to prepare for. Tenir une chose en —; to keep a thing ready; to keep a thing in its place. Tenir en —; to keep in suspense. Faire peu d’— de; to have a poor opinion of. L’—-major; (—s-—s) (milit.) staff, staff-office, —s-généraux; states-general. — de comptes; statement of accounts. Tenir un grand —; to keep a large establishment. Ministre, secrétaire, d’—; minister, secretary, of state. Coup d’—; stroke of state policy. Homme d’—; statesman. Affaires d’—; state affairs. Raison d’—; state policy. Les —s-Unis d’Amérique; the United States of North America. Remettre en —; to set right again.

étau, n.m., vice. Les mâchoires de l’—; the chops of the vice. — à main; hand-vice.

étayement (-tê-mān), n.m., staying, shoring, bearing up, propping, supporting.

étayer, v.a., to stay, to prop, to bear up, to support, to shore.

etc., conj., (ab. of et cætera) etc.

et cætera, conj., et cætera.

été, n.m., summer; prime (of life). — chaud, brûlant; warm, scorching, summer. Au milieu de l’—; in the middle of summer. Être dans son —; to be in one’s prime.

*éteigneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., (pers.) extinguisher.

*éteignoir, n.m., extinguisher (instrument).

éteindre (*éteignant, éteint), v.a., to put out, to extinguish, to quench, to appease; to exterminate, to destroy, to obliterate; to soften (colors); to wear out; to liquidate (a debt); to strike out. Eteignez la chandelle; put out the candle. — de la chaux; to slake lime. — la soif; to quench the thirst. — une pension; to buy up, to redeem, an annuity. — une obligation; to cancel an obligation. — le souvenir de; to obliterate the recollection of. — une couleur; to soften down a color.

s’éteindre, v.r., to be extinguished, to be put out, quenched; to go out, to die away, to die out; to decrease, to diminish, to be diminished; to be slaked (of lime). Le feu s’éteint; the fire is going out. Cette maison va s’—; that family will soon die out, will soon be extinct.

éteint, -e, part., put out, extinguished, out, extinct. Mon feu est —; my fire is out. Elle a la voix —e; her voice is scarcely audible. Des yeux —s; dull eyes.

étendage, n.m., lines to hang things to dry upon; drying-room.

étendard, n.m., standard, colors, banner, flag. Arborer, déployer, planter, un —; to hoist, to display, to plant, a standard. Lever l’— de la révolte; to raise the standard of rebellion.

étendeuse, n.f., (spinning) stretcher.

étendoir, n.m., drying-room; (print.) peel.

étendre, v.a., to spread, to stretch, to expand, to distend; to lay out; to lengthen, to prolong, to draw out; to lay dead, to kill one on the spot; to enlarge, to extend, to widen; to wire-draw; to lay on (colors); to overthrow, to throw down. — du beurre sur du pain; to spread butter upon bread. — son armée; to extend one’s army. — du linge; to lay out linen. — le bras; to stretch out one’s arm. — les ailes; to spread the wings. — son commerce; to extend one’s trade.

s’étendre, v.r., to stretch one’s self out, to sprawl; to reach, to extend; to expatiate, to dwell; to lengthen, to grow out; to draw out, to launch. Il s’étendit tout de son long sur l’herbe; he laid himself at full length upon the grass. Aussi loin que la vue peut s’—; as far as the eye can reach. S’— sur un sujet; to expatiate, to dwell, upon a subject.

étendu, -e, part., stretched, spread, extended. Du linge — sur l’herbe; linen laid out on the grass. Un empire fort —; a widely extended empire. La vue est ici fort —e; the view here is very extensive. Des connaissances —es; extensive knowledge. Il a une voix très —e; he has great compass of voice. C’est un esprit fort —; he is a man of vast intellect.

étendue, n.f., extent, extensiveness, expanse; compass, length. Dans toute son —; to the full. La vaste — des mers; the wide expanse of ocean. Grande — de voix; great compass of voice.

éternel, -le, adj., eternal, everlasting, ever-enduring, endless, ever-living. Le Père —; God Almighty.

éternel, n.m., Eternal, God; Everlasting.

éternelle, n.f. V. immortelle.

éternellement (-nèl-mān), adv., eternally, to all eternity, everlastingly; forever, perpetually; incessantly, continually, for evermore.

éterniser, v.a., to perpetuate. — son nom; to immortalize one’s name.

s’éterniser, v.r., to be perpetuated, to be rendered eternal.

éternité, n.f., eternity, everlastingness. De toute —; from all eternity.

éternue, n.f., (bot.) florin, sneezewort.

éternuement or éternûment, n.m., sneezing, sneeze.

éternuer, v.n., to sneeze.

éternueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., sneezer.

étésien, adj., etesian.

étêtement (é-têt-mān), n.m., pollarding, topping.

étêter, v.a., (hort.) to top, to pollard; to take off the heads (of nails, pins).

☉éteuf (é-teu), n.m., ball (at tennis).

éteule or esteuble, n.f., stubble.

éther (é-tèr), n.m., ether.

éthéré, -e, adj., ethereal.

éthérifier, v.a., to etherealize; to etherize.

s’éthérifier, v.r., to become etherized.

éthérisation, n.f., (chem.) etherification.

éthériser, v.a., (chem.) to etherealize; (med.) to produce insensibility by means of ether.

éthiopien, n.m., -ne, n.f., Ethiopian.

éthique, n.f., ethics, morals.

éthique, adj., ethic, ethical.

ethmoïdal, -e, adj., (anat.) ethmoidal. L’os —; ethmoidal bone.

ethmoïde, n.m., (anat.) ethmoid.

ethnarchie, n.f., ethnarchy.

ethnarque, n.m., ethnarch.

ethnique, adj., ethnic, ethnical.

ethnographe, n.m., ethnologist.

ethnographie, n.f., ethnography.

ethnographique, adj., ethnographical.

ethnologie, n.f., ethnology, ethnography.

ethnologue, n.m., ethnologist, ethnographer.

ethnologique, adj., ethnologie, ethnological.

éthologie, n.f., ethology.

éthologique, adj., ethologic.

éthopée, n.f., description of human passions and manners.

étiage (é-tiaj), n.m., low-water mark.

étier (é-tié), n.m., ditch (for conveying sea-water to a salt-marsh).

étincelant, -e (é-tin-slān, -t), adj., sparkling, glittering, flashing, twinkling, glistening.

étinceler (é-tin-slé), v.n., to sparkle, to flash, to gleam, to twinkle, to glitter. Les yeux lui étincellent de colère; his eyes are flashing with anger. Cet ouvrage étincelle d’esprit; that work sparkles with wit.

étincelette, n.f., little spark.

étincelle, n.f., spark, flash of fire. Jeter des —s; to throw out sparks. Il n’a pas une — de bon sens; he is utterly devoid of good sense.

étincellement (-sèl-mān), n.m., sparkling, twinkling, glistening, scintillation.

étiolement (é-tiol-mān), n.m., etiolation, branching; sickliness (of plants); (med.) chlorosis; paleness, emaciation.

étiolé, -e, adj., part., etiolated; pale, wan, emaciated; sickly.

étioler, v.a., to etiolate (plants).

s’étioler, v.r., to etiolate, to blanch; (pers.) to be weakened, to grow enfeebled; (of plants) to waste away; to wither.

étiologie, n.f., (med.) etiology.

étique, adj., hectic; consumptive; lean, lank, emaciated.

étiqueter (é-tik-té), v.a., to label, to ticket.

étiquette, n.f., ticket, label; etiquette. Condamner sur l’— du sac; to condemn without examining, or to condemn on appearances. Tenir à l’—; to be particular; to stand on ceremony.

étirage, n.m., stretching; wire-drawing.

étire, n.f., stretching-iron (of curriers).

étirer, v.a., to stretch; (tech.) to lengthen, to wire-draw.

s’étirer, v.r., to stretch out one’s limbs.

étisie, n.f., consumption, decline.

étoffe, n.f., stuff; cloth, material; condition, quality, worth. pl., stuffs; (print.) wear and tear, plant. — drapée; woolen cloth. Il y a de l’— chez lui; he has got some stuff in him.

étoffé, -e, adj., stuffed, lined; upholstered (of furniture); comfortably off; stout, full-bodied; substantial. Discours bien —; well-arranged speech; speech full of capital things. Maison bien —e; well-furnished house. Homme bien —; man in good circumstances.

étoffer, v.a., to stuff, to line, to furnish with materials; to upholster.

étoile, n.f., star; (man.) blaze; center (of walks in parks); star-wheel, fate, destiny; asterisk; (print., fort.) star. À la lumière des —s; by starlight. — polaire; polar-star. — tombante, filante; shooting star. — de mer; starfish. Coucher à la belle —; to sleep in the open air. Né sous une mauvaise —; born under an unlucky star. Voir des —s en plein midi; to “see stars.”

étoilé, -e, adj., starry; full of stars, studded. La voûte —e; the spangled vault. Bouteille —e; starred bottle (cracked).

étoiler, v.a., to star, to stud with stars; to crack; to blaze; to mark with a star.

s’étoiler, v.r., to star, to crack; to become studded with stars.

étole, n.f., (c.rel.) stole.

étonnamment (é-to-na-mān), adv., astonishingly, wonderfully, amazingly.

étonnant, -e, adj., astonishing, surprising, wonderful, marvelous, amazing.

étonné, -e, part., astonished. Être — de; to be astonished at. Faire, jouer l’—; to feign astonishment.

étonnement (é-ton-mān), n.m., astonishment, amazement; admiration, wonder; fright, terror; ☉shock. Frapper d’—; to strike with amazement. Remplir d’—; to fill with astonishment. Je ne reviens pas de mon —; I cannot recover from my astonishment. Tout le monde est dans l’—; every body is amazed. À l’— de tout le monde; to the astonishment of everybody.

étonner, v.a., to astonish, to amaze, to startle, to stagger; to astound, to stun. Je suis étonné qu’il ne m’en ait rien dit; I wonder he said nothing about it to me.

s’étonner, v.r., to be astonished, to be amazed, to wonder. Il ne s’étonne de rien; he is astonished at nothing.

étouffade, n.f. V. étouffée.

étouffant, -e, adj., suffocating; sultry, close, sweltering. Chaleur —e; sweltering heat.

étouffé, -e, part., suffocated, stifled; suppressed; concealed; stamped out.

étouffée, n.f., (cook.) estoufade.

étouffement (é-toof-mān), n.m., suffocation, stifling.

étouffer, v.a., to suffocate, to choke, to throttle, to smother, to stifle, to suppress; to hush up; to deaden (sound). Les mauvaises herbes étouffent le blé; weeds choke the corn. — une affaire; to hush up an affair. — une révolte; to suppress a revolt. — la voix; to drown the voice.

étouffer, v.n., to be choking, to be choked; to be suffocated; to swelter. On étouffe ici; there is no breathing here. — de rire; to choke with laughter.

étouffoir, n.m., cinder-pail; extinguisher (for charcoal); damper (piano).

étoupe, n.f., tow, oakum. Mettre le feu aux —s; to add fuel to the flame; to fan. — goudronnée; tarred oakum.

étoupement, n.m., stopping, stuffing; (nav.) calking.

étouper, v.a., to stop (with tow or oakum); (nav.) to calk. S’— les oreilles; to stop one’s ears with cotton-wool.

étoupi-er, -ère, n.m.f., oakum-picker.

*étoupille, n.f., (artil.) quick-match; tube.

*étoupiller, v.a., (artil.) to prime.

*étoupillon, n.m., (artil.) toppin.

étoupin, n.m., wad, wadding.

étourdeau, n.m., young capon.

étourderie, n.f., giddiness, heedlessness, thoughtlessness, giddy act, blunder. Il fait toujours des —s; he is always committing some thoughtless act or other.

étourdi, -e, adj., stunned; giddy, dizzy, thoughtless, heedless; giddy-headed.

étourdi, n.m., -e, n.f., rattle-head, mad-cap, romp. C’est une —e; she is a giddy creature. À l’—e; giddily, heedlessly, rashly. Jeter à l’—e; to blurt out.

étourdiment, adv., inconsiderately, heedlessly, thoughtlessly.

étourdir, v.a., to stun, to deafen, to make dizzy, to make giddy; to astound; to din; to assuage (pain); to parboil. — la grosse faim; to take the edge off one’s appetite. — de la viande; to partly cook meat. — de l’eau; to take the chill off of the water.

s’étourdir, v.r., to divert one’s thoughts; to be preoccupied; to try to forget. Il s’étourdit sur son chagrin; he tries to forget his grief.

étourdissant, -e, adj., stunning, deafening, astounding.

étourdissement (-dis-mān), n.m., stunning, dizziness, giddiness; amazement; stupefaction; stupor; shock. Il a des —s; he is subject to attacks of giddiness. Le premier — passé; when the first shock was over.

étourneau, n.m., (orni.) starling; giddy fellow; flea-bitten horse.

étourneau, adj., flea-bitten (of horses).

étrange, adj., strange, odd, queer, novel; uncouth. Chose —! strange! strange to say! C’est une personne bien —; she is a very queer sort of a person.

étrangement (é-tranj-mān), adv., strangely, queerly; terribly.

étrang-er, -ère, adj., strange; foreign; unknown; irrelevant; outlandish. Ministre des affaires —ères; minister for foreign affairs. Être — à une science; to be unacquainted with a science. Un fait — à la cause; a fact unconnected with or foreign to the case. Corps —; extraneous body. Une langue —e; a foreign language.

étrang-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., foreigner, stranger, alien, outsider; foreign parts. C’est un —; he is a foreigner. À l’—; abroad. Passer à l’—; to go abroad.

☉étranger, v.a., to estrange, to drive away.

s’étranger, v.r., (hunt.) to desert a country, to disappear from (of game).

étrangeté (é-tranj-té), n.f., strangeness; oddness, queerness.

☉étranglant, -e, adj., strangling; overwhelming, amazing; decisive.

étranglé, -e, part., scanty, too narrow. Discours —; speech too much compressed.

étrangle-loup, n.m., (—) (bot.) true-love.

étranglement, n.m., strangling; garotting; (med.) strangulation; stricture.

étrangler, v.a., to strangle, to throttle, to choke, to stifle; to make too little, too narrow, to make scanty, to compress, to confine, to scant, to slur over. Cet habit est étranglé; that coat is too scanty. — une affaire; to slur over a business.

s’étrangler, v.r., to strangle one’s self.

étrangler, v.n., to be choked, to be strangled.

étrangleu-r, -se, n.m.f., garotter, strangler.

*étranguillon (-ghi-ion), n.m., (vet.) strangles. Poire d’—; choke-pear.

étrape, n.f., small sickle (for stubble).

étraper, v.a., to cut stubble.

étraquer, v.n., (hunt.) to track (on the snow).

étrave, n.f., (nav.) stem.

être (étant, été), v.n., to be, to exist; to belong; to have; to stand; to take part in; to come; to go; to lie; to prove to be; to turn out to be. — en bonne santé; to be in good health. — fatigué; to be tired. — à quelque chose; to be doing anything. Y —; to be at home; to have hit it. En — là; to have come to that. J’y suis; I have it. Je suis des vôtres; I shall join your party. Je n’en suis plus; I cry off. Il n’en est rien; such is not the case, it is nothing of the sort. — sage; (of children) to be good. — bien avec quelqu’un; to be on good terms with any one. — mal avec quelqu’un; to be on bad terms with any one. — de moitié; to go halves. Hé bien, soit; well, let it be so. Ainsi soit-il; so be it. Ce tableau est du Poussin; this picture is by Poussin. Il est de Paris; he is a native of Paris. Cet enfant est à moi; that child belongs to me. Cela n’est pas; it is not so. C’est que; the fact is, the truth is. Si ce n’est que; except that. N’eût été que; had it not been for. Il en sera de nous comme des autres; it will be with us as with others. Ce sont eux qui; it is they who. Je suis à vous dans un moment; I shall be at your service, with you, in a moment. Cette fois ça y est; now for it! Done this time, and no mistake! Qu’est-ce que c’est? what is it? C’est à vous de parler; it is for you to speak. C’est à vous à parler; it is your turn to speak. Où en êtes-vous? where are you? how far have you got? Je ne sais pas où j’en suis; I do not know how I am situated, I do not know what I am about. Il est à présumer; it is to be presumed. Il n’est pas en moi de l’éviter; it does not depend upon me to avoid it. En êtes-vous encore là? do you still believe that? Il en sera ce qu’il plaira à Dieu; it will be as God pleases. J’en serai de moitié; I will go halves in it. J’y suis pour un tiers; I am in for a third share. Je n’en suis plus; I have declared off. Je n’y suis pour rien; I have no hand in the matter. C’en est fait du lui; it is all over with him. Voilà où nous en sommes; such is our present situation. Il ne sait où il en est; he does not know where he is. Que sera-ce de? what will become of? Vous y êtes; you have hit it. Cela n’en est pas; that does not belong to it. Je suis tout à vous; I am entirely at your service. Si j’étais de or Si j’étais que de vous; (fam.) were I in your place. Je n’y suis pour personne; I am at home to no one. Madame n’y est pas; my mistress is not at home. Quoi qu’il en soit; at all events, be that as it may. En — pour son argent; to lose one’s money over anything. J’en suis pour mes frais; I have lost my time and money. En — pour vingt francs; to be in for it to the tune of twenty francs. — à l’étroit; to be cramped for room. On ne peut pas — et avoir été; you can’t have your cake and eat it.

être, n.m., being, existence; trunk (of a tree). Les —s d’une maison; the parts, ins and outs of a house. Non —; nonentity. Bien-—; welfare, comforts of life. Il sait tous les —s de cette maison; he knows all the ways of that house. Couper à blanc —; (of trees) to cut down to the root.

étrécir, v.a. V. rétrécir.

s’étrécir, v.r. V. se rétrécir.

étrécissement (-sis-mān), n.m. V. rétrécissement.

étrécissure, n.f. V. rétrécissure.

étreindre (étreignant, étreint), v.a., to bind, to tie, to tie up; to press, to clasp.

étreinte, n.f., knot; clasping, pressing; embrace. De douces —s; sweet embraces.

étrenne (é-trè-n), n.f., handsel. pl., New Year’s gift.

étrenner (é-trè-né), v.a., to give a New Year’s gift, to give a Christmas-box; to handsel; to try or put on for the first time; to buy the first lot.

*étrésillon, n.m., prop, stay, support.

*étrésillonner, v.a., to prop, to stay.

étrier, n.m., stirrup; iron-hook; (surg.) stirrup-bandage; strap. Il est ferme sur ses —s; he has a firm seat in the saddle. Vin or coup de l’—; stirrup-cup. Il a toujours le pied à l’—; he is never out of the saddle. Courir à franc —; to ride full speed. Faire perdre les —s à quelqu’un; to put any one out of countenance. Tenir l’— à; to give a lift to.

étrière, n.f., stirrup-bar; spring-bar.

*étrille, n.f., curry-comb.

*étriller, v.a., to curry, to comb (a horse); to fleece; to give a thrashing to; to drub.

étriper, v.a., to gut (animal). Aller à — cheval; to ride a horse at breakneck speed.

étriqué, -e, adj., scanty; narrow; curtailed. Habits —s; scanty clothes, coat.

étrivière, n.f., stirrup-leather. Donner les —s à quelqu’un; to give any one a thrashing. Allonger l’—; to raise fresh difficulties; to cause further delay.

étroit, -e, adj., narrow, tight, strait, close; intimate; limited, confined; scanty, small. Habit —; tight coat. Esprit —; narrow mind. Être dans une —e amitié avec quelqu’un; to be on the most intimate terms with any one. A l’—; narrowly. Être à l’—; to be pinched, to be poor, to be badly off for room. Vivre à l’—; to live sparingly.

étroitement (é-troat-mān), adv., closely, tightly, narrowly; intimately, sparingly. — uni; closely united.

étroitesse, n.f., narrowness; straitness; tightness, closeness. — d’esprit; narrow-mindedness.

étronçonner, v.a., to lop off.

étrusque, adj., Etruscan.

étude, n.f., study; (in colleges) school-room, time of study; examination; survey; rehearsal; (paint.) academy figure; office, chambers, practice (of attorneys); disguise, art, affectation. pl., education. Cabinet d’—; study. Maître d’—; usher. Avoir de l’—; to be a man of attainment. Je me fais une — de; I make it a study to. Il a fait ses —s; he has finished his education. Il a fait de bonnes —s; he has had a good education. Être sans —; to have no education. À l’—; (of plans) being considered, under consideration; (of plays) in rehearsal.

étudiant, n.m., student, undergraduate. — en droit; law student. — en médecine; medical student.

étudié, -e, part., studied, affected, far-fetched. Langage —; studied language. Tableau fort —; elaborate piece of painting.

étudier, v.n., to study; to learn; to practise (music); to examine; to survey.

étudier, v.a., to study; to practise (music). — la nature; to study nature. — son rôle; to study one’s part. — un discours; to study a speech.

s’étudier, v.r., to study, to make it one’s study, to school one’s self.

étudiole, n.f., paper-case.

étui, n.m., case, box; sheath, wing-sheath; needle-case. — de chapeau; hat-box.

étuve, n.f., sweating-room; (manu.) stove, drying stove.

étuvée, n.f., stewed meat.

étuvement (é-tuv-mān), n.m., bathing, fomenting (of a wound).

étuver, v.a., to bathe, to foment; (cook.) to stew.

☉étuviste, n.m., bath-keeper.

étymologie, n.f., etymology.

étymologique, adj., etymological.

étymologiquement, adv., etymologically.

étymologiser, v.n., to etymologize.

étymologiste, n.m., etymologist.

eubages, n.m.pl., Gaulish Druids.

eucharistie (eu-ka-ris-tî), n.f., Eucharist.

eucharistique, adj., eucharistical.

eucologe, n.m., euchology.

eucraisie, n.f., (med.) eucrasy.

eudiomètre, n.m., eudiometer.

eudiométrie, n.f., eudiometry.

eudiométrique, adj., eudiometric.

eufraise, n.f., (bot.) euphrasy, eyebright.

euh, int., aha! oh! Euh! Euh! so, so.

eulogie, n.f., ☉(rel.) consecrated bread. pl., (Grec. rel.) broken remnants of the host.

euménide, n.f., (myth.) Fury.

eunuque, n.m., eunuch.

eupatoire, n.f., (bot.) eupatory.

euphémique, adj., euphemistic.

euphémisme, n.m., euphemism.

euphonie, n.f., euphony.

euphonique, adj., euphonical.

euphorbe, n.m., (bot.) euphorbia, spurge, (pharm.) euphorbium.

euphorbiacées, n.f.pl., (bot.) euphorbiaceæ.

européen, -ne (-in, è-n), n. and adj., European.

eurythmie, n.f., eurythmy.

eustache, n.m., cheap clasp-knife, whittle.

eustyle, n.m., (arch.) eustyle.

eutychéen or eutychien, n.m., eutychian.

eux, pron. m.pl., they; them. —-mêmes; themselves. Entre —; between them.

évacuant, -e, adj., (med.) evacuant.

évacuant, n.m., (med.) evacuant.

évacuati-f, -ve, adj., (med., l.u.) evacuant.

évacuation, n.f., evacuation; ejection. L’— d’une place; the evacuation of a fortress or town.

évacuer, v.a., to evacuate; to throw off, to eject, to clear. — les humeurs; to throw off the humours. Faites — la salle; clear the room. — une place; to evacuate a place.

s’évader, v.r., to make one’s escape, to escape, to break loose; to get away.

évagation, n.f., evagation.

évaluable, adj., ratable, appraisable.

évaluation, n.f., valuation, estimate. L’— d’une perte; the estimate of a loss.

évaluer, v.a., to value, to estimate, to rate.

évangélique, adj., evangelical.

évangéliquement (-lik-mān), adv., evangelically.

évangéliser, v.a., to evangelize, to preach the Gospel to.

évangéliser, v.n., to evangelize, to preach the Gospel.

évangéliste, n.m., Evangelist.

évangile, n.m., Gospel. Côté de l’—; left-hand side of the altar. Prêcher l’—; to preach the Gospel. Il croit cela comme l’—; he takes that for Gospel. Prendre tout pour paroles d’—; to take all for Gospel. L’— du jour; the current news; (rel.) the gospel for the day.

évanoui, -e, adj., in a swoon; insensible, unconscious, senseless; vanished, dispelled, gone.

s’évanouir, v.r., to faint, to swoon, to swoon away; to vanish, to disappear, to fade away. Cette nouvelle l’a fait s’—; that news made her swoon.

évanouissement (-noo-is-mān), n.m., swoon, swooning away, fainting fit, syncope, disappearance. Revenir d’un —; to recover from a swoon.

évaporable, adj., evaporable.

évaporati-f, -ve, adj., causing evaporation.

évaporation, n.f., evaporation; giddiness, thoughtlessness.

évaporatoire, adj., evaporating.

évaporé, -e, n. and adj., giddy, thoughtless person; evaporate, evaporated. Un jeune homme —; a giddy-brained youth.

évaporer, v.a., to evaporate, to give vent, to pour out in words. — son chagrin; to give vent to one’s grief.

s’évaporer, v.r., to evaporate; to get giddy, heedless. Il commence à s’—; his conduct is becoming irregular.

évasé, part., widened; bell-shaped; bell-mouthed. Nez —; nose with wide nostrils.

évasement (é-vâz-mān), n.m., width, widening (at the mouth of a vase, etc.); (arch.) splay.

évaser, v.a., to widen (an opening); to spread, to extend; (arch.) to splay. — un tuyau; to widen a pipe. — un arbre; to extend a tree. S’—; to be widened; to extend, to spread.

évasi-f, -ve, adj., evasive.

évasion, n.f., escape, flight, elopement.

évasivement, adv., evasively.

évasure, n.f., opening; splay.

évêché, n.m., bishopric; episcopate, see; bishop’s palace.

évection, n.f., (astron.) evection.

*éveil, n.m., (l.u.) awakening; (fig.) warning, hint, alert; alarm; suspicion; awaking, rousing. En —; on one’s guard; on the watch. Donner l’—; to warn.

*éveillé, -e, adj., awake, brisk, lively, sprightly; sharp, smart, intelligent. Elle est fort —e; she is very sprightly.

*éveiller, v.a., to awake, to awaken, to wake, to rouse, to excite, to enliven. — les soupçons; to arouse suspicion.

*s’éveiller, v.r., to awake, to wake up; to get animated. Elle s’est éveillée en sursaut; she awoke with a start.

éveilleu-r, -se, n.m.f., awakener; rouser.

événement (é-vé-n-mān), n.m., event, occurrence; emergency; issue, end, result. À tout —; at all events; to provide for emergencies. En cas d’—; upon an emergency.

évent, n.m., flatness, vapidness, deadness; open air; vent-hole; air-hole; (artil.) windage. Sentir l’—; to smell vapid. Avoir la tête à l’—; to be thoughtless, hare-brained, scatter-brained.

éventable, adj., liable to go flat.

*éventail, n.m., fan. Fenêtre en —; fan-light.

*éventailliste, n.m.f., fan-maker.

éventaire, n.m., flat basket.

éventé, -e, part., fanned, aired, flat, dead; giddy, thoughtless. Vin —; dead, flat wine. Un homme —; a giddy, scatter-brained man.

éventer, v.a., to fan, to winnow (corn); to air; to deaden; to let (wine) get flat; to injure by exposure to the air; to discover (a mine); to divulge, to get wind of; to let out (a secret); to discover.

s’éventer, v.r., to fan one’s self, to evaporate, to pall, to become flat; to be divulged; to get abroad; to get wind.

éventoir, n.m., fire-fan.

éventrer, v.a., to embowel, to disembowel, to eviscerate, to gut (fish); to rip up, to break open; to open (a pie).

s’éventrer, v.r., to rip open one’s bowels.

éventualité, n.f., uncertainty, contingency, eventuality.

éventuel, -le, adj., eventual, contingent, uncertain.

éventuel, n.m., extra-grant, capitation-fee.

éventuellement (-tuèl-mān), adv., eventually, contingently.

éventure, n.f., crack, flaw.

évêque, n.m., bishop. — in partibus; bishop in partibus. Devenir d’— meunier; to descend from peer to peasant. Un chien regarde bien un —; a cat may look at a king.

éversi-f, -ve, adj., eversive; subversive.

éversion, n.f., eversion, overthrow.

s’évertuer, v.r., to struggle, to strive, to exert or bestir one’s self; to move heaven and earth. Je m’évertue à le faire; I do all I can to accomplish it.

éviction, n.f., (jur.) eviction, ejectment.

évidement, n.m., scooping out, hollowing; groove, hollow.

évidemment (-da-mān), adv., evidently, obviously, plainly, clearly.

évidence, n.f., evidence, obviousness, plainness, clearness. Mettre en —; to make conspicuous, to make prominent. Être en —; to be conspicuous. Se rendre à l’—; to be convinced; to submit to.

évident, -e, adj., evident, plain, clear, obvious.

évider, v.a., to hollow, to groove, to scoop out; to stamp, to pink; to unstarch.

évidoir, n.m., hollowing-bit, borer.

évidure, n.f., (tech.). V. évidement.

évier, n.m., sink, sink-stone.

évincer, v.a., to evict, to eject; to oust. Il a été évincé; he was turned out.

évitable, adj., avoidable; evitable.

évitage, n.m., (nav.) swinging; swinging-room.

évitée, n.f., (nav.) swinging berth, swinging-room. Le vaisseau fait son —; the ship is swinging round or to. Avoir son —; to have a wide berth.

évitement (é-vit-mān), n.m., (railways) siding, shunting. Gare, voie, d’—; siding.

éviter, v.a., to shun, to avoid, to evade, to eschew; to elude, to escape; to save. — les périls; to avoid dangers. — les mauvaises compagnies; to shun bad company. — la peine; to save trouble.

s’éviter, v.r., to avoid each other; to spare one’s self; (of things) to be avoided.

éviter, v.n., (nav.) to swing. — au vent; to stem the wind. — à la marée; to stem the tide.

évocable, adj., (jur.) removable.

évocation, n.f., evocation, raising up; (jur.) removal.

évocatoire, adj., (jur.) for removal (from one court to another).

évoluer, v.n., (nav., milit.) (l.u.) to perform evolutions; to evolve, to revolve.

évolution, n.f., evolution.

évolutionnaire, adj., (milit., nav.) evolutionary.

évoquer, v.a., to evoke, to raise up, to conjure up; to call up. — à un tribunal supérieur; (jur.) to remove to a superior court.

évulsion, n.f., (tech.) evulsion.

ex (èks), (prefix) ex.

ex abrupto, adv., suddenly, unexpectedly.

exacerbation, n.f., (med.) exacerbation.

exact, -e (èg-zakt), adj., exact, accurate, correct, precise, punctual; close. —e analyse; close analysis. Les sciences —es; the exact sciences. — à; exact in.

exactement, adv., exactly, punctually, accurately; correctly, precisely.

exacteur, n.m., exactor, extortioner.

exaction, n.f., exaction, extortion.

exactitude, n.f., exactness, punctuality, exactitude; correctness, accuracy, precision, closeness. Agir avec —; to be punctual.

exaèdre, n.m. and adj. V. hexaèdre.

exagérat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., exaggerator; given to exaggeration.

exagérati-f, -ve, adj., exaggeratory.

exagération, n.f., exaggeration, amplification; overrating; aggravation.

exagérer, v.a., to exaggerate, to magnify.

exagone, n.m. and adj. V. hexagone.

exaltation, n.f., exaltation, exalting.

exalté, -e, n. and part., enthusiast, fanatic; person over-excited; exalted, elated; over-excited, heated, feverish.

exalter, v.a., to exalt, to extol, to magnify, to glorify, to cry up; to excite, to elate, to inflame, to over-excite; (chem.) to exalt, to purify.

s’exalter, v.r., to become excited, elated, to rise, to be exalted; to be over-excited; to extol, to magnify; to cry up one another.

examen (-min), n.m., examination, investigation, survey; inspection, scrutiny. — préliminaire; little-go. Jury d’—; board of examiners. Faire l’— d’un livre; to examine a book. Après mûr —; after mature examination. — de conscience; self-examination. Se préparer à un —; to prepare for an examination. Libre —; free thinking.

examinat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., examiner. — supérieur pour les mathématiques; (universities) moderator. — adjoint; assistant-examiner.

examiné, -e, part., examined.

examiner, v.a., to examine, to inquire into, to inspect, to survey, to look at; to weigh, to discuss, to consider, to explore. — à fond; to sift thoroughly. — rapidement; to glance over, to run over.

s’examiner, v.r., to examine, to search one’s self; to examine one’s own conscience; to examine, or to observe, one another attentively.

exanthémateu-x, -se, adj., (med.) exanthematous.

exanthémathique, adj., (med.) exanthematic.

exanthème, n.m., (med.) exanthema.

exarchat (-ka), n.m., exarchate.

exarque, n.m., exarch.

exaspérant, -e, adj., exasperating, aggravating.

exaspération, n.f., exasperation, aggravation; acme.

exaspéré, -e, part., exasperated, enraged, incensed.

exaspérer, v.a., to exasperate, to enrage, to incense, to inflame.

s’exaspérer, v.r., to become, or get, or grow exasperated, enraged, incensed.

exaucement (ég-zôs-mān), n.m., granting, hearing (of prayers).

exaucer, v.a., to hearken to, to hear favorably; to grant. Dieu exauce les prières des humbles; God gives an ear to the prayers of the humble.

excavateur, n.m., excavator.

excavation, n.f., excavation, excavating.

excaver, v.a., to excavate, to hollow out.

excédant, -e, adj., exceeding; tiresome, unbearable.

excédent, n.m., overplus; surplus; overweight; (arith.) excess, difference.

excéder, v.a., to exceed, to go beyond; to wear out, to tire out. Il a excédé son pouvoir; he has exceeded his power. — quelqu’un de coups; to beat and bruise any one unmercifully.

s’excéder, v.r., to be worn out; to wear out; to weary, to tire, one’s self out. S’— de débauches; to wear one’s self out with debauchery. S’— de travail; to overwork one’s self; to work too hard.

excellemment (èk-sè-la-mān), adv., excellently, surpassingly.

excellence, n.f., excellence, excellency. Par —; preeminently, above all. Votre —; your Excellency. Donner de l’—; (fam.) to call any one Excellency.

excellent, -e, adj., excellent; delightful; delicious.

excellentissime, adj., most excellent.

exceller, v.n., to excel, to be eminent, to transcend, to be transcendent, to surpass.

excentricité, n.f., eccentricity.

excentrique, adj., eccentric, odd.

excentrique, n.m., (mec.) eccentric-wheel.

excepté, prep., except, excepting, save, but. — que; except that.

excepter, v.a., to except. S’—; to be excepted.

exception, n.f., exception; (jur.) exception; (jur.) plea; (jur.) bar. — déclinatoire; (jur.) plea against the jurisdiction. — péremptoire; (jur.) demurrer. — d’incompétence; (jur.) foreign plea. — tirée de l’aveu or des actes de la partie; estoppel. À l’— de; with the exception of, except, excepting. D’—; exceptional.

exceptionnel, -le, adj., exceptional.

excès, n.m., excess, abuse, waste; intemperance, riot, debauchery; (jur.) ill-usage, outrage, violence; (geom., arith.) excess, difference. A l’—, avec —, jusqu’à l’—; to excess, excessively, immoderately. Faire des —; to commit excesses, to be guilty of excesses.

excessi-f, -ve, adj., excessive, extreme, extravagant; exorbitant; intemperate.

excessivement (-siv-mān), adv., excessively, to excess.

exciper, v.n., (jur.) to plead or to allege an exception.

excipient, n.m., (pharm.) excipient.

excise, n.f., excise; excise-office.

exciser, v.a., (surg.) to amputate, to cut off.

excision, n.f., (surg.) excision, cutting off.

excitabilité, n.f., excitability.

excitable, adj., excitable.

excitant, -e, adj., (med.) exciting.

excitant, n.m., (med.) excitant.

excitat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., exciter.

excitati-f, -ve, adj., excitative.

excitation, n.f., exciting, excitation, excitement, inciting.

excitement (èk-sit-mān), n.m., (med.) excitement.

exciter, v.a., to excite, to provoke, to stir up, to cause, to inspire, to arouse, to rouse; to urge, to stimulate, to encourage, to inspirit, to animate, to quicken, to instigate, to prompt, to spur; to inflame, to irritate. — un chien contre quelqu’un; to set a dog at any one.

s’exciter, v.r., to excite, to animate, to encourage one’s self; to animate, to encourage one another; to be excited.

exclamati-f, -ve, adj., exclamative; (gram.) of exclamation.

exclamation, n.f., exclamation. Point d’—; note of exclamation.

s’exclamer, v.r., to exclaim, to cry out, to clamor; to protest.

exclure, v.a., to exclude, to debar, to shut out, to keep from, to bar, to leave out.

exclusi-f, -ve, adj., exclusive.

exclusion, n.f., exclusion.

exclusivement (-ziv-mān), adv., exclusively.

excommunicateur, n.m., excommunicator. adj., excommunicating.

excommunication, n.f., excommunication.

excommunié, n.m., -e, n.f., excommunicated. Avoir un visage d’—; to look pale and wretched.

excommunier, v.a., to excommunicate.

excoriation, n.f., (surg.) excoriation, barking.

excorier, v.a., (surg.) to excoriate.

excrément, n.m., excrement. — de la terre; scum of the earth.

excrémenteu-x, -se, or excrémentiel, -le, or excrémentitiel, -le, adj., excrementitious, excremental, excrementitial.

excréteur or excrétoire, adj.m., (physiology) excretory, excretive.

excrétion, n.f., (physiology) excretion.

excroissance, n.f., excrescence, excrescency; fungus.

excursion, n.f., excursion, inroad; digression, ramble; trip. En —; for an outing. Faire une —; to make an excursion, to take a trip.

excursionniste, n.m.f., excursionist, tourist.

excusable, adj., excusable, pardonable, venial; (jur.) by misadventure (homicide).

☉excusation, n.f., (jur.) excusation, plea.

excuse, n.f., excuse, apology; (jur.) plea, excusation. Faire des —s; to apologize. Faites —! excuse me! I beg your pardon! Je vous fais —; I beg your pardon.

excuser, v.a., to excuse, to exculpate, to pardon; to bear with; to apologize for. Il l’a excusé auprès du roi; he has apologized for him to the king. On doit — les fautes de la jeunesse; one must bear with the errors of youth.

s’excuser, v.r., to excuse, to exculpate one’s self; to throw the blame on; to decline; to apologize, to make an apology. Le capitaine s’est excusé sur son lieutenant; the captain cast the blame upon his lieutenant. S’— de faire une chose; to decline doing a thing. Qui s’excuse, s’accuse; a guilty conscience needs no accuser.

exeat (èg-zé-at), n.m., exeat; pass, leave (to go out of one diocese into another). Donner à quelqu’un son —; to send off, to discard, to dismiss, any one. Donner un — à; to give any one leave to go out.

exécrable, adj., execrable, deplorable.

exécrablement, adv., execrably, deplorably.

exécration, n.f., execration. Il est en — à tout le monde; he is held in abhorrence by everybody.

exécratoire, adj., execratory.

exécrer, v.a., to execrate, to hold in execration or in detestation.

exécutable, adj., feasible, practicable.

exécutant, n.m., (mus.) performer, player.

exécuter, v.a., to execute, to perform; to accomplish, to carry out, to achieve, to fulfill; (jur.) to distrain; (jur.) to serve; to put to death. J’exécuterai ce que j’ai promis; I shall perform what I promised. — un arrêt; to carry out a sentence.

s’exécuter, v.r., to be performed, to be done, to take place; to sell off (one’s property for the benefit of creditors); to sacrifice one’s self; to yield, to comply, to submit. Allons, exécutez-vous; come, do the needful.

exécut-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., executor, executrix; executioner, hangman. — testamentaire; executor, executrix. Livrer à l’—; to deliver over to the executioner.

exécuti-f, -ve, adj., executive. n.m., the Executive.

exécution, n.f., execution, accomplishment, performance, achievement, fulfillment. Mettre des ordres à —; to execute orders. Mettre à —; to carry out. L’— de ce travail ne répond pas au plan; the execution of this work does not come up to the plan. L’— d’un morceau de musique; the performance of a piece of music. Homme d’—; resolute, bold, enterprising, practical man. Ordre d’—; (of a criminal) death-warrant, warrant for execution. Procéder à l’—; to carry out an execution.

exécutoire, n.m. and adj., (jur.) writ of execution; executory.

exèdre, n.m., (arch.) exedra.

exégèse, n.f., exegesis.

exégétique, adj., exegetical.

exemplaire, adj., exemplary.

exemplaire, n.m., model, pattern; copy (of printed books, engravings); specimen. J’ai trois —s de ce livre-là; I have three copies of that book. J’ai un bel — de cette médaille; I have a fine copy of that medal.

exemplairement (-plèr-mān), adv., exemplarily, in an exemplary manner.

exemple, n.m., example, pattern; precedent, parallel, instance; copy, copy-slip. Proposer un —; to offer an example. Ne vous réglez pas sur son —; do not follow in his footsteps. Faire un — de quelqu’un; to make an example of any one. Prendre — sur quelqu’un; to be guided by any one. Il n’y en a point d’—; there is no precedent for it, there is no example of such a thing. Donnez-m’en un —; give me an instance. Citer un —; to quote an instance. Prêcher d’—; to practice what one preaches. Un dictionnaire sans —s est un squelette; a dictionary without examples is a mere skeleton. À l’— de; in imitation of. Par —; for instance, for example; indeed! bless me! upon my word! upon my honor! only fancy! the idea! Par —, voilà qui est fort! well now, I like that! Sans —; extraordinary, unexampled, unparalleled.

exempt, -e (èg-zān, -t), adj., exempt, exempted, free from.

exempt, n.m., ecclesiastic exempted from the jurisdiction of the ordinary. — de police; police officer; constable.

exempter (èg-zān-té), v.a., to exempt, to free; to dispense, to excuse, to exonerate.

s’exempter, v.r., to exempt one’s self from, to dispense with.

exemption (èg-zānp-sion), n.f., exemption, exoneration, immunity; dispensation. Lettre d’— des droits de douane; (com.) bill of sufferance.

exequatur (-koua-), n.m., (—) exequatur.

exercer, v.a., to exercise, to train up; to perform, to practice, to exert; to fill an office; to follow, to carry on (a trade or profession); (milit.) to drill. — des soldats; to drill soldiers. — sa mémoire; to exercise one’s memory. — la patience de quelqu’un; to try any one’s patience. — l’hospitalité; to practice hospitality. — la médecine; to practice medicine.

s’exercer, v.r., to exercise, to practice; to exercise, to train one’s self; to exert one’s self; to try one’s hand at.

exercer, v.n., to practice; to visit (manufacturers and others who sell excisable articles). Avocat qui n’exerce plus; retired barrister.

exercice, n.m., exercise, practice, use; work, labor; trouble, fatigue; inspection (of an officer of the indirect taxes); (administration) receipts and expenditure during a certain time; (milit.) drill; drilling. Entrer en —; to commence one’s duties. Sortir d’—; to finish one’s term of service. L’— d’une profession; the exercise of a profession. Faire l’—; to exercise, to drill. Faire l’— à des soldats; to drill, to train, soldiers. Subir l’—; to be drilled. Prendre de l’—; to take exercise. Se tenir en —; to keep one’s self in practice. — à jeu; rifle, carbine exercise. — de piété; practice of piety.

exérèse, n.f., (surg.) extraction, amputation, cutting off.

exergue (èg-zèrg), n.m., exergue.

exfoliati-f, -ve, adj., (surg., pharm.) exfoliative.

exfoliation, n.f., (surg.) exfoliation.

s’exfolier, v.r., to exfoliate.

exfumer, v.a., (paint.) to soften.

exhalaison, n.f., exhalation, effluvium.

exhalant, n.m. and adj., (anat.) exhaling vessel; exhaling.

exhalation, n.f., exhalation.

exhalatoire, adj., evaporating. n.m., evaporating-vessel.

exhaler, v.a., to send forth, to exhale; to give forth, to breathe; to vent; to give vent to; to emit. Ces fleurs exhalent une douce odeur; these flowers emit a sweet smell. — sa colère; to give vent to one’s anger.

s’exhaler, v.r., to be emitted, to be exhaled; to give vent to, to indulge in. S’— en plaintes, en menaces; to give vent to complaints, to indulge in threats.

exhaussement (èg-zôs-mān), n.m., (arch.) height; raising up, mound.

exhausser, v.a., (arch.) to raise, to raise up, to run up, to make higher. S’—; to be raised; to raise one’s self.

exhérédation, n.f., (jur.) disinheriting, exheredation, disinheritance.

exhéréder, v.a., (jur.) to exheredate, to disinherit.

exhiber, v.a., to exhibit, to produce, to show. — ses papiers, son passeport; to produce one’s papers, one’s passport.

exhibition, n.f., (jur.) exhibition, producing, exhibiting.

exhibitoire, adj., exhibitory, prohibitive.

exhilarant, -e, adj., exhilarating.

exhortati-f, -ve, adj., exhortative.

exhortation, n.f., exhortation.

exhortatoire, adj., exhortatory.

exhorter, v.a., to exhort, to admonish.

exhumation, n.f., exhumation, disinterment.

exhumer, v.a., to exhume, to dig out; to disinter; to bring to light; to rake up.

exigeant, -e (-jān-t), adj., unreasonable, over-particular, too exacting; troublesome, hard to please.

exigence, n.f., unreasonableness; unreasonable claim or demand; exigency, exigence. Selon l’— du cas; as occasion shall require.

exiger, v.a., to exact, to require, to demand, to enforce. — des égards; to enforce respect. — le payement d’une dette; to exact the payment of a debt.

exigibilité, n.f., exigibility.

exigible, adj., exigible, demandable.

exigu, -ë, adj., scanty, slender, slight, small.

exiguïté, n.f., scantiness, slenderness, slightness, smallness.

exil, n.m., exile, banishment. Envoyer en —; to banish.

exilé, n.m., -e, n.f., exile, refugee.

exiler, v.a., to exile, to banish.

s’exiler, v.r., to exile one’s self; to withdraw, to seclude, one’s self. Il s’est exilé du monde; he has withdrawn from the world.

exinanition, n.f., exhaustion.

existant, -e, adj., existing, in being, existent, extant; in force.

existence, n.f., existence, being, subsistence; living. pl., (com.) stock on hand. Mettre un terme à son —; to put an end to one’s existence.

exister, v.n., to exist; to be in existence, to live; to be extant; to subsist. Cette dette n’existe plus; this debt is extinct. Les ouvrages qui existent; the works which are extant.

exocet, n.m., (ich.) exocœtus, flying fish.

exode, n.m., Exodus; exode.

exomphale, n.f., (surg.) exomphalos.

exonération, n.f., exoneration; freedom from blame.

exonérer, v.a., to exonerate, to discharge, to free from.

exophtalmie, n.f., exophthalmia.

exophtalmique, adj., exophthalmic.

exorable, adj., exorable.

exorbitamment (-ta-mān), adv., exorbitantly, excessively, extravagantly.

exorbitant, -e, adj., extravagant, exorbitant, excessive.

exorciser, v.a., to exorcise, to put out (devils); to conjure.

exorcisme, n.m., exorcism.

exorciste, n.m., exorcist, exorciser.

exorde, n.m., exordium, commencement; beginning.

exosmose, n.f., (phys.) exosmose, exosmosis.

exostose, n.f., (med., bot.) exostosis.

s’exostoser, v.r., (surg.) to form in exostosis.

exotérique, adj., exoteric; vulgar.

exotique, adj., exotic, foreign; outlandish.

expansibilité, n.f., expansibility.

expansible, adj., expansible, expansive.

expansi-f, -ve, adj., expansive; unreserved, open-hearted, overflowing.

expansion, n.f., expansion, unreservedness; opening out. Avoir de l’—; to be open, unreserved, communicative.

expatriation, n.f., expatriation; self-banishment.

expatrier, v.a., to expatriate; to send into banishment.

s’expatrier, v.r., to expatriate one’s self; to leave one’s native country.

expectance, n.f., expectancy.

expectant, -e, adj., expectant.

expectant, n.m., (med.) expectant.

expectati-f, -ve, adj., expectant.

expectative, n.f., expectation, hopes, prospect; (jur.) expectancy. Il est dans l’—; he is in expectation. Avoir l’— de quelque chose; to look forward to the possession of anything.

expectorant, -e, adj., expectorant.

expectorant, n.m., expectorant.

expectoration, n.f., expectoration; sputa.

expectorer, v.a., to expectorate, to spit.

expédient, n.m., expedient; shift; ☉(jur.) compromise. Homme d’—s; man full of expedients, or full of resource. En être aux —s; to be reduced to expedients or to shifts. Son dernier —; one’s last shift.

expédient, adj.m., expedient, fit, meet, proper, advisable.

expédier, v.a., to dispatch, to perform, to send off; to forward; to knock off, to clear off; to clear (at the custom-house); to draw up. — des marchandises; to forward goods. — un acte; to draw up a deed. — des troupes; to send off troops.

expéditeur, n.m., sender, commission-agent; (nav.) shipper.

expéditi-f, -ve, adj., expeditious, quick.

expédition, n.f., expedition, dispatch; sending, shipment; copy (of a deed); clearance (at the custom-house). pl., dispatches. Faire l’— de; (com.) to forward. Le courrier attend ses —s; the courier is waiting for his dispatches. Homme d’—; sharp man of business.

expéditionnaire, adj., expeditionary.

expéditionnaire, n.m., sender, shipper; commission-agent, copying-clerk, forwarding-clerk.

expérience, n.f., experience; trial, experiment. Faire une —; to make an experiment. Des —s de chimie; experiments in chemistry. Je sais cela par —; I know that by experience. Parler par —; to speak from experience.

expérimental, -e, adj., experimental.

expérimentateur, n.m., experimentalist.

expérimenté, -e, adj., experienced.

expérimenter, v.a., to experiment, to try by use, to test; to experience.

expert, -e, adj., expert, skillful, well versed in.

expert, n.m., appraiser, valuer; surveyor; expert.

expertement, adv., expertly, skillfully.

expertise, n.f., survey, valuation, assessment (of specially appointed surveyors); report (of survey), appraisement, arbitration. Faire une —; to make a survey.

expertiser, v.a., to make a survey; to appraise, to value, to assess.

expiation, n.f., expiation, atonement, satisfaction. En — de; as an atonement for. Faire — de; to make an atonement for.

expiatoire, adj., expiatory. Sacrifice —; sin-offering.

expier, v.a., to expiate, to atone for; to make reparation for.

expirant, -e, adj., expiring, dying; faint, inaudible.

expirateur, adj.m., (anat.) expiratory.

expiration, n.f., expiration.

expirer, v.n., to expire; to breathe one’s last; to die away; to come to an end, to run out. Mon bail a expiré hier; my lease was up yesterday.

expirer, v.a., to breathe out; to exhale, to expire.

expléti-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) expletive.

explétif, n.m., (gram.) expletive.

explicable, adj., explicable, explainable.

explicateur, n.m., explainer, cicerone, guide.

explicati-f, -ve, adj., explicative, explanatory.

explication, n.f., explanation, explication, interpretation; construing; meaning. Avoir une — avec; to have an explanation with. Cela demande —; that requires an explanation.

explicite, adj., explicit, clear; express.

explicitement (-cit-mān), adv., explicitly; clearly.

expliquer, v.a., to explain, to express, to declare, to account for, to teach, to expound; to construe, to illustrate. Expliquez-moi ce que cela signifie; explain to me what that means. — une énigme; to solve a riddle. — une doctrine; to expound a doctrine.

s’expliquer, v.r., to explain one’s self; to have an explanation; to be explained; to be accounted for; to be made manifest.

expliqueur, n.m., explainer.

exploit, n.m., exploit, achievement, feat, deed; (jur.) writ, process. Dresser un —; to draw up a writ. Signifier un —; to serve a writ.

exploitabilité, n.f., workableness.

exploitable, adj., workable, that may be turned to account; improvable; (jur.) distrainable. Cette mine est encore —; that mine may still be worked.

exploitant, n.m., worker (of mines); farmer, grower. adj., huissier —; (jur.) process server.

exploitation, n.f., working; improving (lands); cultivation (of wood); employing, using; taking advantage of, cheating. — d’un champ; (agri.) cultivation of a field. — par compartiments; (mining) panel-work. — par grande taille; long-work. — rurale; farming. Matériel d’—; working-stock. En —; being worked; in activity. Mettre en —; to work. — de l’homme par l’homme; profiting by the labor of others; sweating system.