A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (continued 27)

se prévenir, v.r., to be prepossessed; to be prejudiced, to anticipate each other. Se — en faveur de quelqu’un; to take a liking to any one.

préventi-f, -ve, adj., preventive.

prévention, n.f., prepossession, prejudice, bias; suspicion, presumption; prevention; accusation; (jur.) prosecution; (jur.) commitment. Donner des —s contre soi; to raise prejudices against one’s self. Vaincre les —s de quelqu’un; to overcome any one’s prejudices. Etat de —; (jur.) commitment. Être en état de —; (jur.) to be committed for trial.

préventivement, adv., by way of prevention; (jur.) while awaiting trial, on suspicion.

prévenu, n.m., -e, n.f., (jur.) prisoner (before trial), the accused, the prisoner (at the bar).

prévision, n.f., prevision; forecast; foreknowledge; conjecture.

prévoir, v.a., to foresee; to conjecture; to expect, to anticipate, to provide (for or against); to meet. Il faut tout —; we must provide against everything, against all eventualities.

prévôt, n.m., provost; (nav.) marshal. Grand —, grand — de l’armée; (milit.) provost-marshal. — de salle d’armes; fencing-master’s assistant. — des marchands; (old) mayor of Paris.

prévôtal, -e, adj., relating, pertaining to a provost.

prévôtalement (-tal-mān), adv., by a provost-court.

prévôté, n.f., provostship.

prévoyance, n.f., foresight, forethought, prudence, caution. Rien n’échappe à sa —; nothing escapes his foresight.

prévoyant, -e, adj., provident, prudent, careful, cautious.

priapée, n.f., obscene picture; obscene poem.

priapisme, n.m., (med.) priapism.

prié, n.m., -e, n.f., person invited, guest.

prie-dieu, n.m., (—) praying-desk; devotion-chair; faldstool.

prier, v.a. and n., to pray; to entreat, to beseech, to call upon, to beg (of), to implore, to supplicate, to request; to invite, to bid. — quelqu’un d’une grâce; to request a favor of any one. Il m’a prié de l’accompagner; he begged of me to accompany him. On m’a prié de le faire; I have been requested to do it. Je vous en prie; I beg of you. — à dîner; to invite to dinner. — de dîner; to press any one to stay to dinner. Se faire — or aimer à se faire —; to require pressing.

prière, n.f., prayer, suit, request, entreaty, desire, invitation; petition. Instante —; earnest prayer. Faire une — à quelqu’un; to make a request to any one. Être en —; to be at prayers. Faire une chose à la — de quelqu’un; to do a thing at any one’s request, at any one’s entreaty. Dire ses —s, faire sa —, faire ses —s; to say one’s prayers. — de faire renvoyer la lettre! will you kindly send back the letter!

prieur, n.m., prior (superior of a convent).

prieure, n.f., prioress.

prieuré, n.m., priory.

prima donna, n.f., (prime donne) the chief singer (in an opera).

primage, n.m., (com.) primage (allowance paid to the captain of a ship).

primaire, adj., primary. Ecole —; elementary school.

primat, n.m., primate, metropolitan.

primatial, -e (-ci-al), adj., primatial, primatical.

primatie (-ma-cî), n.f., primacy, primateship.

primauté, n.f., primacy, supremacy, priority; preeminence; the lead (at cards, dice). Gagner quelqu’un de —; to anticipate any one, to be beforehand with any one.

prime, adj., (alg.) accented. b’, b —; b’, b accented.

prime, n.f., premium, bounty; bonus, prize; (c.rel.) prime (first canonical hour succeeding lauds); (fenc.) prime; primero (card game); (com.) prime wool; (jewelry) pebble; (exchange language) agio; (customs) drawback. A —; at a premium. Réponse des —s; (com.) option.

de prime abord, adv., at first.

de prime face, adv., at first, prima facie.

primer, v.n., to play first, to lead (at play); to take the lead, to beat, to override, to excel, to surpass; to go before everything. Il prime en tout; he excels in everything. Les affaires priment tout; business before everything else.

primer, v.a., to surpass, to excel; to go before everything; to give a prize (at an agricultural show). Il prime tous les autres; he excels all the others.

de prime-saut, adv., suddenly; off-hand, spontaneously; all at once, at the first effort.

prime-sauti-er, -ère, adj., quick (of thought), ready-witted; impulsive, off-handed; thoughtless, inconsiderate, heedless. Les Français ont, en général, l’esprit —; the French are, in general, ready-witted.

primeur, n.f., first of the season (of vegetables, fruit, flowers, wine); early fruit; early vegetables; early flower; early sentiment, first love; freshness, bloom; earliest communication. Les fruits sont chers dans la —; fruit is dear in the early part of the season, fruit is dear when it first comes in. Certains vins ne sont pas bons dans la —; certain wines are not good when they are new. Servir à table un plat de —s; to serve up a dish of early vegetables. Je vous en donnerai la —; you will be the first to get the news.

primevère, n.f., primrose, cowslip, oxlip.

primicériat, n.m., dignity, office of primicerius, dean (in some churches).

primicier, n.m., local dean.

primidi, n.m., Primidi (first day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic).

primipare, adj., primiparous.

primiti-f, -ve, adj., primitive, primeval, primogenial, original; native, aboriginal; (gram.) primitive, original.

primitif, n.m., (gram.) primitive.

primitivement (-tiv-mān), adv., primitively, originally.

primitivité, n.f., primitiveness.

primo, adv., firstly, first, in the first place.

primogéniture, n.f., primogeniture.

primordial, -e, adj., primordial.

primordialement (-al-mān), adv., primordially.

primulacées, n.f.pl., (bot.) primulaceæ.

prince, n.m., prince. — royal; crown prince. Être bon —; (fam.) to be a good fellow (easy-going, good-natured). Vivre en —; to live like a prince. Dîner de —; princely dinner.

princeps (-sèps), adj. invariable, (print.) earliest, first, original (edition).

princerie (prin-srî), n.f., (local) deanery.

princesse, n.f., princess. Oui, ma —; (fam.) yes, my charmer.

princi-er, -ère, adj., princely, like a prince.

princier, n.m., primicerius, first dignitary. V. primicier.

principal, -e, adj., principal, chief, main; leading, capital, senior, superior; (astron.) primary.

principal, n.m., principal, chief thing, principal point, chief point, material point; principal, capital (money); principal, head-master; (jur.) principal cause of action. Pour vous, le — est que vous ayez soin de votre santé; the main thing for you is to take care of your health. Payer le — et l’intérêt; to pay both principal and interest.

principalat, n.m., head-mastership, principalship.

principalement (-pal-mān), adv., principally, chiefly.

☉principalité, n.f. V. principalat.

principat, n.m., princedom.

principauté, n.f., principality, princedom.

principe, n.m., beginning, source, outset, origin, motive, cause, principle. pl., principles, rudiments. Dès le —; from the very origin. Etablir, poser, un —; to establish, to lay down, a principle. Partir d’un —; to start from a principle. Homme sans —s; unprincipled man. L’amour-propre est le — de presque toutes nos actions; self-love is the motive of almost all our actions.

principion, principule, n.m., petty prince, princelet.

printani-er, -ère, adj., spring, spring-like, vernal; youthful; early. Fleurs —ères; spring-flowers; cowslips. Etoffes —ères; spring materials, or stuffs; spring goods. Potage —; spring-soup (with early vegetables).

printemps (-tān), n.m., spring, spring-time; prime, bloom. Le — de la vie; the morning of life. Dans le — de sa vie; in the prime of one’s days. Au — de ses jours; in the bloom of one’s youth.

à priori, adv., à priori (i.e. from what precedes).

priorité, n.f., priority.

pris, -e, part., taken, caught, seized, congealed, curdled, frozen, frozen over; stuffed up (of the nose). Homme bien — dans sa taille; well-set man. Cet homme est — de vin; that man is the worse for liquor. La rivière a — dans la nuit; the river was frozen over in the night. — dans les glaces; ice-bound.

prisable, adj., estimable, valuable.

prise, n.f., taking, capture; prize; hold, handle, purchase; quarrel; dose; pinch. pl., fighting, close quarters. La — d’une ville; the taking of a town. — de possession; taking possession. — de possession d’un bénéfice; induction to a living. — d’habit; (c.rel.) taking the habit, or the veil. Décret de — de corps; writ of arrest. Part de —; prize-money. Amariner une —; to man a prize. Être de bonne —; to be a lawful prize. Lâcher —; to let go one’s hold. Donner — à la critique; to lay one’s self open to criticism, to expose one’s self to criticism, to afford matter for criticism. Donner — sur soi à son ennemi; to give one’s enemy a hold over one. — de tabac; pinch of snuff. En venir aux —s; to grapple with one another, to come to blows. Les deux chiens sont aux —s; the two dogs are fighting. Être aux —s avec la mauvaise fortune; to be struggling with, or against, adversity. Être aux —s avec la mort; to be on the point of death, or at death’s door; to be in great danger. Mettre aux —s; to set (together) by the ears.

prisée, n.f., estimate, appraisement, valuation. Faire la — de; to make an estimate of.

priser, v.a., to prize, to rate, to value, to set a high price on, to appraise, to estimate; to esteem, to have an esteem for.

se priser, v.r., to be valued, to be esteemed; to set a high value on one’s self.

priser, v.a. and n., to take snuff.

priseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., snuff-taker.

priseur, adj., who appraises. Commissaire —; appraiser, auctioneer. Expert — assermenté; sworn appraiser.

prismatique, adj., prismatic.

prisme, n.m., prism.

prismoïde, n.m. and adj., prismoid; prismoidal.

prison, n.f., prison, gaol, jail; imprisonment, confinement. S’échapper de —; to break out of prison. — d’état; state prison. Être dans la — de saint Crépin; to wear shoes which pinch. Envoyer en —; to send to prison.

prisonni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., prisoner. — d’état; state-prisoner.

privati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) privative; (jur.) in severalty.

privation, n.f., privation, deprivation, want, need, bereavement, loss; hardship. Vivre de —s; to lead a life of privation. Être dans la —; to be in want. La — de la vue; the loss of sight.

privativement (-tiv-mān), adv., exclusively.

privauté, n.f., extreme familiarity, liberty. Prendre des —s; to take liberties.

privé, -e, part., deprived. Corps — de vie; lifeless body. Homme — de sa raison; man deprived of his reason.

privé, -e, adj., private; tame (animal); privy, intimate, free. Vie —e; private life. De son autorité —e; of one’s own authority.

☉privément, adv., familiarly, intimately.

priver, v.a., to deprive, to debar; to bereave; to tame (animal). — quelqu’un de ses biens; to deprive any one of his property. Je ne veux pas vous — de cela; I won’t rob you of that.

se priver, v.r., to deprive, or debar, one’s self; to stint, or deny, one’s self; to abstain (from).

privilège, n.m., privilege, exemption, immunity; grant, favor; (jur.) preference; (thea.) license; franchise, prerogative, right. Accorder un — à; to grant a privilege to; to license (printers). Priver de ses —s; to deprive any one of his privileges; to disfranchise. Atteinte portée aux —s; breach of privilege. Les —s de la noblesse; the privileges of the nobility.

privilégié, -e, adj., privileged, exempt; (thea.) licensed; (jur.) entitled to preference (of creditors); (of shares) preference, preferential. Lieu —; privileged place. C’est un être —; he is a privileged, or favored, being.

privilégié, n.m., privileged person.

privilégier, v.a., to grant a privilege, to privilege, to license.

prix, n.m., price, cost, value, worth, terms; return, premium; estimation; reward; prize. — fait; settled price. Mettre un — à; to set a price upon. — excessif; extravagant price. Juste —; moderate price. — de fabrique; manufacturer’s price. Une chose de —; a thing of great value. Hors de —; extravagantly dear. De —; precious, valuable. Une chose qui n’a point de —; a thing that is invaluable, beyond all price. Vendre à tout —; to sell at any price, at any cost. Mettre la tête d’un homme à —; to set a price upon a man’s head. — fixe; (com.) net price, no abatement. À tout — or à quelque — que ce soit; cost what it will. La vertu trouve son — en elle-même; virtue is its own reward. Remporter le —; to carry off the prize. Au — de; at the cost of, in comparison with. À vil —; under price, dirt-cheap. — courant; (com.) current price, market price. — coûtant; cost price. À — d’argent; for money. N’avoir pas de —; to be invaluable, or priceless; also, to be valueless.

probabilisme, n.m., probabilism.

probabilité, n.f., probability, likelihood.

probable, adj., probable, likely, credible. Cela est bien peu —; that is anything but probable.

probablement, adv., probably, likely.

probante, adj.f., probatory (of documents); convincing, conclusive (arguments). En forme —; in an authentic form. Raison —; convincing reason.

probation, n.f., probation.

probatique, adj., only used in piscine — (the reservoir near the Temple in which Hebrew Priests washed the animals that were to be sacrificed).

☉probatoire, adj., probatory.

probe, adj., honest, upright; of probity. Homme —; man of probity.

probité, n.f., probity, honesty, integrity, uprightness. — éprouvée; tried probity.

problématique, adj., problematical.

problématiquement (-tik-mān), adv., problematically.

problème, n.m., problem, question. Poser un —; to state a problem. Résoudre un —; to solve a problem. C’est un —; it is a question.

proboscide, n.f., (natural hist., her.) proboscis.

proboscidiens, n.m.pl., (zoöl.) proboscidians, proboscideæ.

procédé, n.m., behavior, proceeding, way of acting; dealing, conduct; (billiards) cue-tip; process, operation. pl., delicate, gentlemanly manners, fair dealings. Je n’aime pas ces —s; I don’t like that way of acting, I dislike those manners. Manquer aux —s; to behave in an unhandsome manner. C’est un homme à —s; he is a gentlemanly man, or a man of fair dealings. — chimique; chemical process.

procéder, v.n., to proceed, to go on; to come from; to arise (from), to originate (in); to behave, to conduct one’s self; (jur.) to proceed. — criminellement contre quelqu’un; to proceed (criminally) against any one. Cela procède bien; that is going on very well.

procédure, n.f., (jur.) proceedings; practice, procedure, process.

procès, n.m., lawsuit, suit, action, trial, process. Être en —; to be at law. Intenter un —, faire un —, à quelqu’un; to bring an action against any one, to institute proceedings against any one. Gagner son —; to gain one’s suit, or case. Perdre son —; to lose one’s case. Faire le — à quelqu’un; to try any one, to bring any one to trial; to call any one to account, to find fault with, to censure. Sans autre forme de —; without more ado, without further formality.

processi-f, -ve, adj., litigious.

procession, n.f., procession.

processionnal, n.m., (c.rel.) processional.

processionnel, -le, adj., processional.

processionnellement (-nèl-mān), adv., in procession.

procès-verbal, n.m., (—-verbaux) (authentic written minute, or report, of an official act or proceeding); proceedings, official report, information against; (parl.) journal, minute of proceedings.

prochain, -e, adj., near, nearest, next, approaching, near at hand, nigh, approximate, proximate; (com.) proximo. Village —; neighboring village. Le mois —; next month. La semaine —e; next week. Son départ est —; his departure is nigh at hand, or imminent. Fin —e; approaching end. Fin —; (com.) at the end of next month.

prochain, n.m., neighbor, fellow-creature.

prochainement (-shé-n-mān), adv., in a short time, shortly, soon.

prochaineté, n.f., nearness, proximity.

proche, adj., near, next, near at hand, neighboring, nigh, approaching. La ville la plus —; the nearest town. — parent; near relation.

proche, prep., near, nigh.

proche, adv., near, nigh. De — en —; from place to place; gradually, one after another. Le choléra s’étendit rapidement de — en —; the cholera spread rapidly from place to place.

proches, n.m.pl., near relations, near relatives; relations, relatives, kinsmen, kin, kindred.

prochronisme, n.m., prochronism.

procidence, n.f., (med.) prolapsus.

proclamateur, n.m., proclaimer, proclaiming.

proclamation, n.f., proclamation.

proclamer, v.a., to proclaim, to cry out, to give out, to announce, to trumpet forth; to publish, to declare.

proclitique, n.m. and adj., (gram.) unaccented word; unaccented.

proclive, adj., inclined.

proclivité, n.f., proclivity.

procombant, -e, adj., (bot.) procumbent.

proconsul, n.m., (Roman hist.) proconsul.

proconsulaire, adj., (Roman hist.) proconsular.

proconsulat, n.m., (Roman hist.) proconsulship.

procréateur, adj., procreative, procreating.

procréation, n.f., procreation.

procréer, v.a., to procreate, to beget.

procurateur, n.m., procurator, proxy.

procuratie (-ci), n.f., procuracy (at Venice); procurator’s palace.

procuration, n.f., procuration, power of attorney, letter of attorney, warrant of attorney; proxy (deed).

procuratrice, n.f. V. procureur.

procurer, v.a., to procure, to obtain, to help to, to get. — une charge à quelqu’un; to procure, to obtain, to get, a post for any one.

se procurer, v.r., to procure, to obtain, to get for one’s self; to be procured, to be obtained, to be procurable. Se — de l’argent; to obtain money. Ce poisson se procure très-difficilement; this sort of fish is hard to get.

procur-eur, n.m., -atrice, n.f., proxy. Agir par —; to act by proxy.

procureur, n.m., ☉solicitor, attorney, procurator. ☉— fiscal; (feudalism) lord’s attorney; purveyor (of monastic orders). — général; Attorney General. — du roi, — impérial, — de la république; public prosecutor.

procureuse, n.f., procuress; bawd.

prodigalement (-gal-mān), adv., prodigally, extravagantly, lavishly, profusely.

prodigalité, n.f., prodigality, profusion, extravagance, lavishness.

prodige, n.m., prodigy, wonder, marvel.

prodigieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., prodigiously, wonderfully, wondrously, marvelously; stupendously.

prodigieu-x, -se, adj., prodigious, wondrous, wonderful, marvelous; vast, stupendous.

prodigue, adj., prodigal, profuse, lavish, wasteful. L’enfant —; the prodigal son.

prodigue, n.m.f., prodigal, spendthrift, squanderer.

prodiguer (-ghé), v.a., to lavish, to waste, to squander away, to be prodigal of, to be lavish of, to throw away. — sa vie; to expose one’s life.

se prodiguer, v.r., to be lavished, to be thrown away; to expose one’s self.

prodrome, n.m., introduction, preface; (med.) premonitory symptoms.

product-eur, -rice, adj., productive, producing.

producteur, n.m., (polit. econ.) producer.

productibilité, n.f., producibleness.

productible, adj., producible.

producti-f, -ve, adj., productive.

production, n.f., act of producing, production; (jur.) exhibition (of deeds); (jur.) deeds exhibited; (anat.) process, growth.

productivement, adv., productively.

productivité, n.f., productiveness.

produire (produisant, produit), v.a., to produce, to bring forth; to bear, to yield, to be worth; to be productive of, to be the cause of; to breed, to generate, to show, to exhibit, to adduce; to make known. — des titres; to show title-deeds. — des témoins; to bring forward witnesses. Cette charge produit dix mille francs par an; this office, or post, is worth four hundred a year. La guerre produit de grands maux; war is productive of, or begets, great evils. — un jeune homme dans le monde; to introduce a young man into society; to bring out, or make known, a young man.

se produire, v.r., to introduce one’s self, to put one’s self forward, to make one’s way; to be produced, or brought forth; to occur, to happen, to manifest itself.

produire, v.n., (jur.) to deliver particulars, to show title-deeds.

produit, n.m., produce, product, yield; production, exhibit; (arith., geom.) product, proceeds. Il vit du — de sa terre; he lives on the produce of his land. —s agricoles; agricultural produce. — chimique; chemical product. — net; (com.) net proceeds.

proême, n.m., proem, preface, prelude, introduction.

proéminence, n.f., prominence, protuberance, projection.

proéminent, -e, adj., prominent, protuberant.

profanateur, n.m., profaner.

profanation, n.f., profanation.

profane, adj., profane, secular, unworthy.

profane, n.m.f., profane person, unlearned person; outsider, black sheep; the vulgar herd.

profaner, v.a., to profane, to defile, to pollute; to desecrate. C’est — le talent que de faire cela; it is a profanation of talent to do that.

proférer, v.a., to utter, to speak; to pronounce. Se —; to be uttered.

prof-ès, -esse, n. and adj., professed friar; professed nun; professed.

professer, v.a., to profess, to make a profession of; to exercise, to practice, to teach, to be a professor of, to lecture on. — le plus grand respect pour quelqu’un; to profess the greatest respect for any one. — une science; to teach a science. — un métier; to practise a trade, to exercise a calling.

professer, v.a. and n., to be a professor, to be a lecturer; to lecture, to teach.

professeur, n.m., professor; teacher; lecturer; practicer (of an art or calling). Chaire de —; professorship. — en droit; professor of law.

profession, n.f., profession, declaration; profession (occupation), calling; trade, business. Il fait — de bel esprit; he sets up for a wit. De quelle — est-il? what is his profession? Dévot de —; professed bigot.

professionnel, -le, adj., professional.

ex professo, adv., ex professo; thoroughly; in a professional manner.

professoral, -e, adj., professorial.

professorat, n.m., professorship, lectureship; teaching.

profil, n.m., profile, side face; side-view; section, outline; (drawing) section. Un visage de —; a face in profile.

profiler, v.a., to profile; to represent in profile, to show in profile. Se —; to appear in profile; to stand out.

profit, n.m., profit, gain, emolument, benefit, utility; improvement, progress; use. Au — de; for the benefit of, for the use of, in support of, in aid of. — net; clear profit. Il ne m’en revient aucun —; I get nothing by it. Mettre tout à —; to turn everything to the best advantage; to turn everything to account. Faire son — de; to make a profit by; to make the best of, to avail one’s self of. Tirer du — de; to profit by. —s éventuels; perquisites.

profitable, adj., profitable; advantageous.

profiter, v.n., to profit, to gain; to benefit, to avail one’s self; to improve. — sur des marchandises; to profit by goods. Faire — son argent; to lay out one’s money advantageously. — des bons avis; to profit by good advice. — de l’occasion; to avail one’s self of, to improve, the opportunity. Les biens mal acquis ne profitent point; ill gotten goods never go far, or never serve. — en sagesse; to improve in wisdom. C’est un terrain où rien ne profite; it is a soil where nothing thrives.

profond, -e, adj., deep, profound; wide, vast, extensive; sound; downright, consummate; heavy (of sighs); dark (of the night). Un — sommeil; a sound sleep. —e révérence; low bow, low courtesy. Science —e; profound learning. Puits —; deep well. Un savant —; a profound scholar. Un — penseur; a profound thinker. Un — scélérat; a consummate villain. Nuit —e; dark night, pitch dark.

profond, n.m., depth, abyss.

profondément, adv., deep, deeply, profoundly, widely, greatly, soundly, fast. Saluer —; to bow low. Dormir —; to sleep soundly.

profondeur, n.f., depth; profoundness, profundity; penetration; extent.

profus, -e, adj., profuse.

profusément, adv., profusely.

profusion, n.f., profusion, profuseness. Donner avec —; to give profusely, lavishly. À —; in profusion.

☉progéniture, n.f., (jest.) progeny, offspring.

prognathe, adj., (ethnology) prognathous.

prognathisme, n.m., (ethnology) the being prognathous.

prognostic, n.m. V. pronostic.

prognostique, adj., (med.) prognostic.

programme, n.m., programme, bill, list, syllabus. — de spectacle; play-bill.

progrès, n.m., progress; course, advancement, improvement, proficiency, furtherance, rise. — d’une maladie; progress of a disease. Il a fait de grands —s; he has greatly improved, he has made great progress.

progresser, v.n., to progress, to improve.

progressi-f, -ve, adj., progressive.

progression, n.f., progression.

progressiste, n.m., progressist, liberal, radical.

progressivement (-siv-mān), adv., progressively, by degrees.

prohiber, v.a., to forbid, to interdict, to prohibit.

prohibiti-f, -ve, adj., prohibitive, prohibitory.

prohibition, n.f., prohibition, interdiction.

prohibitionniste, n.m., (com.) prohibitionist.

proie, n.f., prey, prize, booty. Oiseaux de —; birds of prey. Être en — à la douleur; to be a prey to grief. Être ardent à la —; to be eager after booty. Partager la —; to divide the spoil. Être en — à ses valets; to be pilfered by one’s own servants.

projectile, n.m. and adj., projectile.

projection, n.f., projection.

projecture, n.f., (arch.) projecture, projection.

projet, n.m., project, scheme, design, plan, contemplation, idea, first sketch; rough draft. Former, or concevoir, un —; to form, or to contrive, a scheme. Homme à —s; schemer.

projeter (proj-té), v.a., to project, to plan, to contrive, to scheme; to contemplate, to intend; to project, to throw out, to cast forward; to project, to delineate. — d’aller à la campagne; to contemplate going into the country. La terre projette son ombre; the earth throws forward its shadow.

se projeter, v.r., to project, to jut out, to shoot out, to be prominent, to stand out.

projeter, v.n., to form projects.

projeteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., projector, person full of projects; schemer.

prolapsus, n.m., (med.) prolapsus, prolapse. — de la luette; prolapse of the uvula.

prolégomènes, n.m.pl., prolegomena (prefatory matter).

prolepse, n.f., (rhet.) prolepsis.

proleptique, adj., (med.) proleptic, proleptical.

prolétaire, n.m. and adj., proletary; proletarian.

prolétariat, n.m., proletariat, pauperism.

prolifère, adj., (bot.) proliferous.

prolifique, adj., prolific.

prolixe, adj., prolix, tedious, diffuse, verbose.

prolixement, adv., prolixly, diffusely.

prolixité, n.f., prolixity, diffuseness.

prologue (-log), n.m., prologue.

prolongation, n.f., prolongation, protraction, delay.

prolonge, n.f., (artil.) binding rope, lashing; (artil.) small ammunition-wagon.

prolongement (-lonj-mān), n.m., prolongation, continuation, extension.

prolonger, v.a., to prolong, to lengthen, to continue, to extend, to protract, to lengthen out, to draw out; (geom.) to produce; (nav.) to bring alongside; to sail along. — un trève; to prolong a truce. — un quai; to prolong a quay. — le temps; to spin out the time. — le terme d’un payement; to extend the time for payment.

se prolonger, v.r., to be prolonged; to extend, to be continued. Les débats se sont prolongés fort avant dans la nuit; the debate was continued far into the night.

promenade (pro-mnad), n.f., walking, walk; airing; walk, promenade (place); ambulatory, drive, excursion, pleasure-trip. — à pied; walk. — à cheval; ride (on horseback). — en voiture; drive, airing. — en bateau; row, sail. Faire une —; to take a walk, to go for a walk. Faire une — en voiture; to take a drive, to go for a drive. La — est belle aujourd’hui; it is beautiful weather for a walk. C’était une vraie —; it was a real pleasure-trip.

se promener (pro-mné), v.r., to walk, to take a walk, to go for a walk, to promenade; to wander, to ramble. Se — à cheval; to ride, to take a ride, to go out riding. Se — en voiture; to take a drive, to drive out. Se — sur l’eau; to go on the water; to go for a row; to go for a sail. Du haut de Montmartre la vue se promène sur toute la ville de Paris; from the top of Montmartre the eye wanders over all the city of Paris. Envoyer quelqu’un se —; to send any one packing, or about his business. Qu’il aille se —; let him go to Bath. Allez vous —; go about your business. En se promenant; slowly; leisurely.

promener, v.a., to take out for a walk, to take out walking; to take, to take out, for an airing, for a drive; to take, to take out, for a ride; to take out (animal); to turn (one’s eyes, looks); to run one’s eyes over; to scan, to survey; to lead about, to take about. — sa vue sur une assemblée; to survey an assembly. — quelqu’un; to bandy any one about.

promeneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., walker, pedestrian; rider, person taking a ride; person taking a drive; (fig.) humbug.

promenoir, n.m., walk, place for walking; covered walk or gallery.

promesse, n.f., promise, word; promissory note, note of hand. Tenir sa —; to keep one’s promise. Satisfaire à sa —; to be as good as one’s word. Vendre avec — de garantir; to warrant the quality of one’s goods.

promettant, n.m., (jur.) promisor, obligor.

prometteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., promiser.

promettre, v.a., to promise, to forebode. Il m’a promis de venir; he promised me that he would come. — et tenir sont deux; it is one thing to promise, another to perform. Voilà un temps qui promet un orage; this weather forebodes a storm.

se promettre, v.r., to promise one’s self; to purpose, to resolve, to intend; to expect, to hope, to promise each other; to be promised.

promettre, v.n., to promise, to be promising, to bid fair. Ce jeune homme promet beaucoup; that is a very promising young man.

prominence, n.f., prominence.

prominent, -e, adj., prominent.

prominer, v.n., to rise above; to be prominent.

promis, -e, part., promised, intended, engaged. La terre —e; the promised land. Chose —e, chose due; promises should be kept. Un —, n., an intended, a lover.

promiscuité, n.f., promiscuousness.

promission, n.f., (Bib.) promise. La terre de —; the land of promise.

promontoire, n.m., (geog.) promontory, headland.

promoteur, n.m., promoter. adj., promoting, inducing.

promotion, n.f., promotion, preferment.

promouvoir, v.a., to promote, to prefer, to raise, to advance.

prompt, -e (prōn, prōnt), adj., prompt, quick, active, ready; sudden, speedy, swift; hasty, passionate. —e réponse; quick answer. Il a la repartie —e; he is quick at repartee. Il est — à servir ses amis; he is ever ready to serve his friends. Avoir l’esprit —; to have a quick understanding, to be very sharp.

promptement (prōn-tmān), adv., promptly, quickly, readily, suddenly, speedily, swiftly; hastily, passionately.

promptitude (prōn-ti-tud), n.f., promptitude, speed, speediness; quickness, readiness, suddenness, swiftness; hastiness, passion.

promulgation, n.f., promulgation.

promulguer (-ghé), v.a., to promulgate. Se —; to be promulgated.

pronaos, n.m., (—) (arch., antiq.) pronaos.

pronateur, n. and adj. m., (anat.) pronator.

pronation, n.f., (anat.) pronation.

prône, n.m., (c.rel.) sermon (after or before mass); lecture, rebuke, sermon.

prôner, v.a., to cry up, to extol, to preach up, to commend, to praise, to set forth; to preach to, to lecture, to sermonize; (l.u.) to preach.

prôner, v.n., to lecture, to remonstrate.

prôneur, n.m., (l.u.) preacher.

prôneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., puffer, trumpeter; lecturer, preacher, rebuker.

pronom (-non), n.m., (gram.) pronoun.

pronominal, -e, adj., pronominal.

pronominalement (-nal-mān), adv., (gram.) pronominally.

prononçable, adj., pronounceable.

prononcé, n.m., (jur.) judgment delivered, sentence, decree.

prononcé, -e, adj., pronounced, decided, decisive, marked; (paint., sculpt.) prominent. Les muscles en sont bien —s; the muscles are very prominent. Caractère —; decided character. Goût —; decided taste. Fortement —; strongly marked.

prononcer, v.a., to pronounce, to articulate, to utter, to say, to speak, to give utterance to; to give; to deliver; to make; to declare; (jur.) to find, to give in; (paint.) to delineate strongly, to bring out, to give prominence to. — un discours; to deliver a discourse, to make a speech. — une sentence; (jur.) to pass sentence.

se prononcer, v.r., to pronounce one’s self, to declare one’s self, to speak out, to express one’s sentiments; to show one’s self, to manifest one’s self; to be pronounced; to be marked; to become evident.

prononcer, v.n., to pronounce; to declare one’s sentiment, to decide with authority.

prononciation, n.f., pronunciation; utterance, delivering, delivery. — d’une sentence; passing sentence. — nette, distincte; clear, distinct pronunciation. — vicieuse, locale; vicious, local pronunciation. Il a la — belle; he has a fine utterance, or delivery.

pronostic, n.m., prognostic, prognostication; (med.) prognostic, prognosis.

pronostiquer, v.a., to prognosticate.

pronostiqueur, n.m., prognosticator.

propagande, n.f., propaganda.

propagandiste, n.m., propagandist.

propagateur, n.m., propagator, spreader. adj., propagating, spreading.

propagation, n.f., propagation, spread, spreading, diffusion. La — d’une maladie; the spread of a disease. La — des connaissances; the diffusion of knowledge.

propager, v.a., to propagate, to spread, to spread abroad, to diffuse.

se propager, v.r., to be propagated, to be diffused, to be spread abroad; to propagate, to spread.

propension, n.f., propensity, tendency, inclination, bent, disposition.

prophète, n.m., prophet, seer. Personne n’est — dans son pays; no man is a prophet in his own country.

prophétesse, n.f., prophetess.

prophétie (-cî), n.f., prophecy, prophesying.

prophétique, adj., prophetic, prophetical.

prophétiquement (-tik-mān), adv., prophetically.

prophétiser, v.a., to prophesy, to foretell.

prophylactique, adj., (med.) prophylactical, prophylactic.

prophylactique or prophylaxie, n.f., (med.) the science of prophylactic medicine.

propice, adj., propitious, favorable, kind. Le ciel soit — à ses vœux; heaven favor his wishes. Rendre —; to render propitious, to propitiate.

propitiation, n.f., propitiation.

propitiatoire, n.m. and adj., propitiatory, mercy-seat; propitiatory.

propitier, v.a., to propitiate.

propolis (-lis), n.f., propolis.

proportion, n.f., proportion, relation, ratio, due share; suitableness. — gardée; in proportion. À —; proportionable, proportional, proportionably, proportionately, proportionally. A de —; in proportion to.

proportionnalité, n.f., proportionality, proportionateness.

proportionné, -e, adj., proportioned; suited.

proportionnel, -le, adj., proportional.

proportionnelle, n.f., (math.) proportional.

proportionnellement, (-nèl-mān), adv., proportionably, proportionately.

proportionnément, adv., proportionally, proportionately, in proportion to.

proportionner, v.a., to proportion, to adjust, to fit, to accommodate, to adapt, or to adjust; to suit. — sa dépense à son revenu; to suit one’s expenditure to one’s revenue, to cut one’s cloth according to one’s measure.

se proportionner, v.r., to be proportioned; to proportion one’s self, to suit one’s self.

propos, n.m., discourse, talk, words; purpose, resolution, design. pl., idle remarks, tittle-tattle, talk. Changeons de —; let us talk of something else. — de table; table-talk. — interrompu; desultory talk. Je me moque des —; what do I care for people’s tattle! Jeter des — d’accommodement; to hint at reconciliation. À —, adj., seasonable, proper, fit, to the purpose. À —, adv., seasonably, opportunely, pertinently, by the way, talking of that, now I come to think of it. Venir fort à —; to come in the nick of time. Elle fait chaque chose à —; she does everything at the proper time. Mal à —; ill-timed, unseasonable, unseasonably. Hors de —; unseasonably; not to the purpose, impertinent, impertinently. À —, j’ai oublié de vous dire l’autre jour; now I think of it, I forgot to tell you the other day. Il s’est fâché à — de rien; he got angry for nothing at all. Il est venu me quereller à — de bottes; he came to quarrel with me for no earthly reason. À quel —? what about? À — de quoi? for what reason? why? À tout —; at every turn, ever and anon. À — de; with respect to. À —, n., fitness, expediency, appositeness, pertinence; design. L’à — fait le mérite; seasonableness gives everything its price. De — delibéré; of set purpose. Juger à —; to think proper. Il est à — de; it is expedient to.

proposable, adj., that can be proposed, proposable.

proposant, n.m., (French protestant) student in divinity.

proposant, adj.m., (c.rel.) proposing.

proposer, v.a., to propose, to offer, to propound, to move, to make a motion; to designate, to set up, to state, to move. — un sujet à traiter; to propose a subject for writing upon. — une question; to propound a question. — quelqu’un pour exemple; to set up anybody as a pattern.

se proposer, v.r., to propose one’s self, to offer one’s self; to be proposed, to be offered; to propose, to purpose, to intend, to have in view.

proposer, v.n., to propose. L’homme propose et Dieu dispose; man proposes and God disposes.

proposeur, n.m., proposer, propounder.

proposition, n.f., proposition; motion; proposal, offer. Pain de —; show-bread or shew-bread. Faire des —s à quelqu’un; to make proposals to any one.

propre, adj., own; very, same, self-same, very same; adapted, appropriate, calculated, fit, fitted; qualified, proper, suitable; clean; neat, tidy; nice; accurate, right, correct. C’est son — fils; it is his own son. En main —; in one’s own hands. Amour-—, (—s-—s) self-love, conceit. Nom —; proper name. Ce sont ses —s paroles; they are his very words. Termes —s; proper, or correct, expressions. Il est — à tout; he is fit for anything. Le mot —; the proper or right word. Il est toujours fort —; he is always very neat. Avoir une écriture —; to write a neat hand.

propre, n.m., characteristic, attribute; peculiar quality, property, part; (gram.) proper sense, literal sense; (jur.) real estate, real property; (c.rel.) particular prayers. Le — des oiseaux est de voler; it is in the nature of birds to fly. Avoir en —; to own. N’avoir rien en —; to have no property. Posséder en —; to possess in one’s own right. Le — et le figuré; the literal and figurative sense. Prendre un mot au —; to use a word in its literal sense. C’est du —! what a dirty action! what a nasty thing!

proprement, adv., properly, correctly, rightly; literally; cleanly; neatly, tidily. — dit; properly called, properly so called. À — parler; properly speaking. S’habiller —; to dress neatly.

propret, -te, adj., spruce, neat, tidy, natty.

propreté, n.f., cleanness, cleanliness; spruceness, neatness, niceness.

propréteur, n.m., (Roman hist.) propretor.

propriétaire, n.m.f., owner; proprietor; proprietress; landlord; landlady; freeholder, esquire, man of independent means. Nu —; (jur.) owner without the usufruct of his property.

propriété, n.f., property; ownership; estate; peculiar quality, essential faculty; propriety, correctness (of words, terms). pl., lands, estates. — littéraire; copyright. Nue —; (jur.) property without the usufruct of it, reversionary interest. Doter quelqu’un d’une —; to settle an estate upon any one. Violer la —; to trespass.

propulser, v.a., to propel.

propulseur, n.m., (tech.) propeller. — à hélice; screw-propeller.

propulsion, n.f., propulsion.

propylée, n.m.pl., (arch.) propylæum.

prorata, n.m., proportion. Au — de; pro rata, in proportion.

prorogati-f, -ve, adj., prorogative.

prorogation, n.f., prolongation; adjournment; prorogation (of parliament).

proroger, v.a., to prolong time, to protract, to adjourn, to delay; to prorogue (parliament).

prosaïque, adj., prosaic, prosy; dull, tedious, matter of fact.

prosaïquement, adv., prosaically, dully, unpoetically, tediously, coldly.

prosaïser, v.n., to write prose, to vulgarize.

prosaïsme, n.m., prosaism; (fig.) prosiness, dullness, monotony, vulgarity. Le — de la vie; the monotony of life.

prosateur, n.m., prose-writer, prosaist.

proscénium (-sé-ni-om), n.m., (antiq.) proscenium.

proscripteur, n.m., proscriber, banisher.

proscription, n.f., proscription, outlawry.

proscrire, v.a., (proscrivant, proscrit), to proscribe, to outlaw; to expel, to banish; to taboo. Se —; to be proscribed, to proscribe each other.

proscrit, n.m., -e, n.f., proscribed person, exile, outlaw, refugee, outcast. Figure de —; disagreeable face, displeasing face.

prose, n.f., prose; (c.rel.) prose. Mettre en —; to turn into prose.

prosecteur, n.m., (anat.) prosector.

prosélyte, n.m.f., proselyte.

prosélytisme, n.m., proselytism.

prosodie, n.f., (gram.) prosody.

prosodique, adj., prosodial, prosodical.

prosopopée, n.f., (rhet.) prosopopœia.

prospectus (-tus), n.m., prospectus; hand-bill.

prospère, adj., prosperous, thriving; propitious, favorable.

prospérer, v.n., to prosper, to be prosperous, to be successful, to thrive, to speed.

prospérité, n.f., prosperity, success, well-being. Quel visage de —! what a happy, cheerful face! how well you look!

prostate, n.f., (anat.) prostate, prostate gland.

prostatique, adj., (anat.) prostatic.

prosternation, n.f., prostration, obeisance.

prosternement, n.m., prostration.

prosterner, v.a., to prostrate.

se prosterner, v.r., to prostrate one’s self, to fall down, to bow one’s head; to bow low.

prosthèse, n.f., (gram.) prosthesis; (surg. l.u.) prosthesis. V. prothèse.

prostituée, n.f., prostitute.

prostituer, v.a., to prostitute.

se prostituer, v.r., to prostitute one’s self.

prostitution, n.f., prostitution.

prostration, n.f., prostration.

prostyle, n.m. and adj., (arch.) prostyle.

protagoniste, n.m., (theat.) principal character, protagonist.

protase, n.f., protasis.

protatique, adj., protatic.

prote, n.m., (print.) overseer; (iron.) reader.

protect-eur, -rice, n. and adj., protector, protectress, patron, patroness, patronizer, fosterer; protective, patronizing, fostering. Société —rice des animaux; society for the prevention of cruelty to animals.

protection, n.f., protection, defense; support, patronage, influence, favor, countenance; (nav.) shelter, cover.

protectionniste, n.m. and adj., (com.) protectionist.

protectorat, n.m., protectorate, protectorship.

protée, n.m., Proteus.

protégé, n.m., -e, n.f., favorite, dependant; protégé; protégée.

protéger, v.a., to protect, to defend, to shield, to shelter; to patronize, to countenance, to favor. — contre le mal; to shield from harm.

protestant, -e, n. and adj., Protestant.

protestantisme, n.m., Protestantism.

protestation, n.f., protestation, protest. — d’amitié; profession of friendship. Faire insérer une — dans le procès-verbal; to enter a protest.

protester, v.a., to protest; to vow. Je vous le proteste sur mon honneur; I swear to you on my honor. — une lettre de change; to protest a bill of exchange. Se —; to be protested.

protester, v.n., to protest. — de nullité; to protest against the validity of a deed.

protêt, n.m., (com.) protest. — faute de payement; protest for non-payment. Faire signifier un —; to give notice of a protest.

prothèse, n.f., (surg.) prothesis. — dentaire; setting of artificial teeth.

proto, a prefix from Gr. πρῶτος.

protocarbure, n.m., (chem.) carburet.

protochlorure, n.m., (chem.) protochloride.

protocole, n.m., protocol; formulary, preamble.

protonotaire, n.m., protonotary.

prototype, n.m., prototype, model.

protoxyde, n.m., (chem.) protoxide.

protubérance, n.f., (anat.) protuberance.

protubérant, adj., protuberant.

protuteur, n.m., (jur.) person acting as guardian.

☉prou, adv., enough, much. Ni peu ni —; neither little nor much. Peu ou —; little or much.

proue, n.f., (nav. and poetic) prow, stem.

prouesse, n.f., prowess, valor; performance; (iron.) feat of valor.

prouvable, adj., provable.

prouver, v.a., to prove, to show; to make good, to substantiate; to be a proof of, to give proof of, to verify.

provéditeur, n.m., (Ital.) proveditore.

provenance (pro-vnāns), n.f., (com.) production, origin, source, growth; produce, goods. En —; proceeding, coming (from).

provenant, -e (pro-vnan, -t), adj., proceeding, accruing, arising.

provençal, -e, n. and adj., Provençal.

provende, n.f., (l.u.) provision; (agri.) provender, provisions, victuals.

provenir (pro-vnir), v.n., to spring, to accrue, to issue, to proceed, to result (from); to come, to arise (from).

proverbe, n.m., proverb, saying. Devenir —, passer en —; to become a proverb, to become proverbial.

proverbial, -e, adj., proverbial.

proverbialement (-al-mān), adv., proverbially.

providence, n.f., Providence (of God).

providentiel, -le, adj., providential.

*provignement, n.m., layering of vines; (of words) pruning (Ronsard).

*provigner, v.a., to layer vines.

*provigner, v.n., (agri.) to increase; ☉to multiply, to increase.

provin, n.m., layer (of a vine).

province, n.f., province, shire, county. Les gens de —; country people. En —; in the country, in the provinces. Il a encore l’air de —; he has still a countrified air.

provincial, n.m., provincial, country person; superior of a monastic fraternity.

provincial, -e, n. and adj., provincial, country, country-like. Manières —es; country manners.

provincialat, n.m., provincialship (of convents).

provincialisme, n.m., (gram.) provincialism.

proviseur, n.m., head-master, principal of a (government) college.

provision, n.f., provision, stock, store, supply; (fam.) hoard; (com.) stock on hand; provisional maintenance. Par —; provisionally, in the mean time. Faire ses —s; to provide one’s self with necessaries. Faire sa — de bois, de charbon; to take in, to lay in, one’s stock of wood, of coal, of fuel. —s de bouche; provisions. —s de guerre; ammunition. Aller à la —; to go marketing. Faire — de; to get in a supply of. Faire la — d’une lettre de change; (com.) to provide for a bill of exchange.

provisionnel, -le, adj., provisional.

provisionnellement (-nèl-mān), adv., provisionally.

provisoire, n.m., provisional state.

provisoire, adj., provisional, temporary.

provisoirement (-zoar-mān), adv., provisionally, temporarily; in the mean time.

provisorat, n.m., head-mastership, principalship.

provocant, adj., provoking, provocative; exciting, defiant, instigating.

provocat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., provoker; instigator, abettor, aggressor; provoking, instigating, abetting. Agent —; hired plotter, hireling.

provocation, n.f., provocation, instigation. — en duel; challenge to fight.

provoquer, v.a., to provoke, to incense, to call forth, to promote; to instigate; to challenge. — des applaudissements; to call forth applause. — en duel; to challenge. — au sommeil; to invite to sleep.

proxénète, n.m., (com.) ☉broker; pimp, pander; go-between.

proximité, n.f., proximity, nearness, near relationship. Le théâtre est à sa —; the theater is in his neighborhood. Il y a — de sang entre vous et moi; you and I are nearly related by the ties of blood. À — de; within a short distance of, in the neighborhood of.

proyer, n.m., (orni.) common bunting.

prrr! int., not I! not a bit of it! don’t you wish you may get it! whistle for it!

prude, n.f. and adj., prude; prudish.

prudemment (-da-mān), adv., prudently, discreetly, wisely, cautiously.

prudence, n.f., prudence; discretion.

prudent, -e, adj., prudent, cautions, discreet.

pruderie (pru-drî), n.f., prudery.

☉prud’homie, n.f., uprightness, integrity, probity; (com.) trade-arbitration.

prud’homme, n.m., skillful or able person (in an art or trade); expert; ☉upright, honest man. Conseil des —s; council of experts.

pruine, n.f., bloom (of fruits).

pruiné, adj., covered with bloom (of fruits).

prune, n.f., plum. — de Brignoles; prunello. — de Monsieur; Orleans plum. — sauvage; skeg. — de mirabelle; mirabelle plum. — de reine-Claude; greengage. — de Damas; damson. Couleur —; violet color. Ce n’est pas pour des —s; (fig.) it is not for nothing.

pruneau, n.m., prune, dried plum; French plum.

prunelaie (pru-n-lè), n.f., plum-orchard.

prunelle, n.f., (bot.) sloe, bullace; (woolen stuff) prunella, prunello; (anat.) pupil, apple (of the eye), eye-ball. Jouer de la —; to cast sheep’s eyes, to ogle, to leer.

prunellier, n.m., (bot.) sloe-tree, bullace-tree.

prunier, n.m., (bot.) plum-tree.

prurigineu-x, -se, adj., (med.) pruriginous.

prurit, n.m., (med.) prurience, pruriency, pruritus, itching.

prusse, n.f. Pour le roi de —; to no purpose, in vain, for nothing.

prussiate, n.m., (chem.) prussiate.

prussien, -ne (-in, -è-n), n. and adj., Prussian.

prussique, adj., (chem.) prussic. Acide —; prussic acid.

prytane, n.m., (Grec. antiq.) prytanis. pl., prytanes.

prytanée, n.m., (Grec. antiq.) prytaneum.

p.s., initial letters of postscriptum, P.S., postscript.

psalmiste, n.m., psalmist.

psalmodie, n.f., psalmody; sing-song.

psalmodier, v.n. and a., to recite, to chant, psalms; to read, to recite in a sing-song manner.

psaltérion, n.m., (mus.) psaltery.

psammite, n.m., (min.) psammite, graywacke or greywacke.

psaume, n.m., psalm.

psautier (-tié), n.m., psalter, psalm-book; (c.rel.) chaplet of 150 beads; nun’s veil.

pseudo, a prefix from Gr. ψεῦδος.

pseudonyme, adj., pseudonymous; under an assumed name. n.m., pseudonym, nom de plume; alias.

psora or psore, n.f., (med.) psora, itch.

psorique, adj., (med.) psoric, itchy.

psyché, n.f., (myth.) Psyche; Psyche-glass, cheval-glass.

psychique, adj., psychical.

psychologie (-ko-), n.f., psychology.

psychologique (-ko-), adj., psychologic, psychological.

psychologiste or psychologue (-ko-), n.m., psychologist.

psylle, n.m., snake-charmer.

ptérodactyle, n.m., (foss.) pterodactyl.

ptyalisme, n.m., (med.) ptyalism.

puamment (pu-a-mān), adv., stinkingly; grossly, impudently; (fig., fam.) impudently, in a barefaced manner.

puant, -e, adj., stinking; impudent, barefaced. Devenir —; to begin to stink. Mensonge —; impudent lie. — menteur; impudent liar.

puant, n.m., (pop.) stinkard.

puanteur, n.f., stink, stench, offensive smell.

pubère, adj., pubescent, of puberty.

puberté, n.f., puberty.

pubescence, n.f., (bot.) pubescence, down.

pubescent, -e, adj., (bot.) pubescent, downy.

pubien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., (anat.) pubic.

pubis, n.m. and adj., (anat.) of pubis; pubic. Os —; os pubis, pubic bone, share-bone; pubes.

publi-c, -que, adj., public; notorious. Rendre —; to make public, to publish; (of women) on the town, loose, fast. La chose —que; the common weal. La partie —que; the crown, the public prosecutor.

public, n.m., public. En —; publicly.

publicain, n.m., (Rom. antiq.) publican; (fig.) extortioner.

publicateur, n.m., (jur.) publisher.

publication, n.f., publication; publishing, proclamation.

publiciste, n.m., publicist.

publicité, n.f., publicity, notoriety; advertising, advertisements.

publier, v.a., to publish, to make public, to proclaim, to celebrate, to trumpet forth, to bring out, to issue. — quelque chose sur les toits; to proclaim anything from the house-tops, to trumpet forth anything. — une ordonnance; to issue an ordonnance.

publiquement (-blik-mān), adv., publicly, in public.

puce, n.f., (ent.) flea. Herbe aux —s; flea-bane, fleawort. — d’eau; water-beetle. — de mer; psyllus marinus. — de terre; earth-puceron. Avoir la — à l’oreille; to have a flea in one’s ear, to be uneasy, anxious. Mettre à quelqu’un la — à l’oreille; to give any one cause for uneasiness.

puce, adj., puce, puce-colored.

puceau, n.m., chaste youth; (iron.) spoony, simpleton.

pucelage (pu-slaj), n.m., (l.ex.) maidenhead, virginity; (mol.) cowry; (bot.) periwinkle.

pucelle, n.f., (fam.) maid, maiden, virgin; (ich.) shad. La — d’Orléans; the maid of Orleans (Joan of Arc).

puceron (pu-sron), n.m., (ent.) plant-louse; green-fly.

puddlage, n.m., (metal.) puddling.

puddler (-dlé), v.a., (metal.) to puddle.

puddleur, n.m., (metal.) puddler.

pudeur, n.f., bashfulness, shame; modesty, decency; discretion, reserve. — virginale; virgin bashfulness.

pudibond, -e, adj., bashful, modest.

pudicité, n.f., modesty, pudicity, chastity.

pudique, adj., chaste, modest, bashful.

pudiquement (-dik-mān), adv., chastely, purely.

puer, v.n. and a., to stink, to have an offensive smell; to smell of; to stink of; to be full of conceit. Il pue le vin; he stinks, or smells, very strong of wine.

puéril, -e, adj., juvenile, boyish; puerile, childish.

puérilement (-ril-mān), adv., puerilely, childishly.

puérilité, n.f., puerility, childishness.

puerpéral, -e, adj., puerperal.

puff (puf, peuf), n.m., exaggerated statement, puff. Faire le —; to puff.

puffin, n.m., (orni.) puffin.

pugilat, n.m., pugilism, boxing.

pugiliste, n.m., pugilist, boxer.

puine, n.m., (forestry) wood of little value. V. mort-bois under bois.

puîné, -e, n. and adj., younger brother; younger sister; younger.

puis, adv., then, afterwards, after that, next, besides. Et —; and besides, and then. Et —? what then? what next? well?

puisage, n.m., drawing water, drawing up.

puisard, n.m., cesspool; sink; dip-well; (mining) sump, water-sump.

puisatier, n.m., well-sinker.

puiser, v.a., to draw, to fetch up, to take, to borrow; to imbibe; to let in. — de l’eau à la rivière; to draw water out of the river. — à la source; to go to the fountain-head. — des opinions; to imbibe opinions.

puiser, v.n., to draw, to borrow, to take; (nav.) to make water. C’est un auteur qui puise partout; he is an author who borrows from all quarters.

puisque, conj., since, seeing, seeing that, inasmuch as.

puissamment (-sa-mān), adv., powerfully, forcibly, potently; extremely, very. Il est — riche; he is exceedingly rich.

puissance, n.f., power; dominion, sway, empire; ability, force; faculty; influence; influential man; virtue, quality, property; (mining) thickness (of layers or lodes); (mec.) power; horse-power. Toute-—, (n.p.) omnipotence, almighty power. Haute —; high-mightiness (title). Cette femme est en — de mari; that woman is under the control of her husband. Soumettre à sa —; to bring under one’s dominion. Traiter de — à —; to treat on equal terms. — motrice; moving power. Les grandes —s; the great powers.

puissant, -e, adj., powerful, potent, mighty; forcible, strong, lusty, stout, corpulent; wealthy, rich. — prince; mighty prince. Famille —e; influential family. Le Tout-—, (n.p.) the Almighty. Il est tout-— auprès de lui; he can get him to do anything.

puits (puî), n.m., well, hole for water; pit, shaft; well-hole (of staircases); (nav.) well-room. — commun; public well. — à pompe; pump-well. — à roue; — à poulie; draw-well. — artésien; artesian well. — perdu; drain-well, blind-well. — de mine; shaft of a mine. — d’aérage; air-shaft. — d’abondance; (fig.) an inexhaustible mine. C’est un — de science; he is extremely learned; he is a walking dictionary, a living encyclopædia. La vérité est au fond d’un —; truth lies at the bottom of a well (i.e., has to be sought out).

pullulation, n.f., rapid increase, swarming.

pulluler (pul-lu-), v.n., to increase, to multiply, to pullulate, to swarm.

pulmonaire, adj., (anat., med.) pulmonary. Phthisie —; pulmonary disease, consumption.

pulmonaire, n.f., (bot.) pulmonaria, pulmonary. Grande —; lungwort; sage of Jerusalem, Jerusalem cowslip. — des Français; golden lungwort. — de chêne; liverwort.

pulmonie, n.f. V. pneumonie.

pulmonique, n.m.f. and adj., consumptive.

pulpation, n.f., (pharm.) reducing to pulp, pulpation.

pulpe, n.f., pulp; pap. — cérébrale; (anat.) cerebral substance.

pulper, v.a., (pharm.) to reduce to pulp.

pulpeu-x, -se, adj., (bot.) pulpous, pulpy.

pulsati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) pulsative, pulsatory.

*pulsatille, n.f., (bot.) pasque-flower, pulsatilla.

pulsation, n.f., beating of the pulse, pulsation; (phys.) pulse.

pulvérat-eur, -rice, n. and adj., (zoöl.) pulverulent.

pulvérescence, n.f., pulverulence.

pulvérescent, -e, adj., pulverulent.

pulvérin, n.m., priming powder; priming powder-horn; mist, spray (from waterfalls).

pulvérisable, adj., pulverizable.

pulvérisateur, n.m., pulverizer. adj., pulverizing.

pulvérisation, n.f., pulverization.

pulvériser, v.a., to reduce to powder, to grind to dust, to pulverize; to annihilate; to reduce to atoms.

pulvérulent, -e, adj., (bot.) pulverulent; easy to reduce into powder.

puma, n.m., puma, cougar (American lion).

pumicin, n.m., palm-oil.

punais, -e, adj., affected with ozæna.

punaise, n.f., bug; (ent.) bug; B-flat. Couvain de —s; nest of bugs.

punaisie, n.f., ozæna.

punch (ponsh), n.m., punch (beverage). Offrir un — a quelqu’un; to entertain any one.

punique, adj., punic.

punir, v.a., to punish, to chastise, to avenge. Puni de mort; punished with death.

punissable, adj., punishable.

punisseur, n.m. and adj., avenger, punisher; avenging, punishing.

punition, n.f., punishment. Par —; as a punishment.

pupillaire (-pil-lèr), adj., pupillary.

pupillarité (-pil-la-), n.f., (jur., l.u.) nonage, minority.

pupille, n.m.f., ward, pupil (under a guardian).

pupille, n.f., pupil, apple of the eye.

pupitre, n.m., desk, writing-desk; reading-desk.

pur, -e, adj., pure, genuine, unadulterated; unspotted, innocent, chaste, spotless; clean, clear, unmingled, unalloyed; mere, sheer, downright, neat (of liquor). Une lumière —e; a clear light. Un ciel —; a clear, cloudless sky. Être en état de —e nature; to be stark naked. Du vin —; wine without water, pure wine. Obligation —e et simple; unconditional, unqualified, absolute obligation. C’est la —e vérité; it is the plain, unvarnished truth. Par —e bonté; out of sheer kindness. — e sottise; downright nonsense. Ce fruit est du poison tout —; that fruit is downright poison. Félicité —e; unalloyed happiness. Une réputation —e; an untarnished reputation. Une gloire —e; unsullied glory. Un trait —, un dessin —; (drawing) a clean stroke, a clean drawing. À — et à plein; unreservedly, entirely. En —e perte; in vain, to no purpose.

pureau, n.m., part uncovered (of slates, tiles).

purée, n.f., thick soup; pea-soup; mashed potatoes.

purement (pur-mān), adv., purely, genuinely, merely, only; innocently. — et simplement; unconditionally; merely.

pureté (pur-té), n.f., pureness, purity, gentleness, innocence; chastity.

purgati-f, -ve, adj., purgative, purging.

purgatif, n.m., purgative.

purgation, n.f., purgative, purge.

purgatoire, n.m., purgatory.

purge, n.f., ☉purge, cleansing. — d’hypothèques; (jur.) paying off of a mortgage.

purger, v.a., to purge, to purge away; to cleanse, to purify, to clear, to refine. — un malade; to purge a sick person. — son bien de dettes; to clear one’s estate of mortgages.

se purger, v.r., to purge one’s self, to purify one’s self.

purifiant, -e, adj., purifying, cleansing.

purificateur, n.m., purificator.

purification, n.f., purification.

purificatoire, n.m., (c.rel.) purificatory.

purifier, v.a., to purify, to cleanse; to refine; to try (metal). — le langage; to refine the language.

se purifier, v.r., to purify one’s self, to purify, to refine.

puriforme, adj., (med.) puriform.

purin, n.m., (agri.) liquid manure.

purisme, n.m., purism.

puriste, n.m., purist.

puritain, -e, n. and adj., Puritan.

puritanisme, n.m., Puritanism.

purpurin, -e, adj., purplish.

purpurine, n.f., purple, bronze.

purulence, n.f., purulence, purulency.

purulent, -e, adj., purulent.

pus, n.m., (med.) pus, matter.

pusillanime (-zil-la-), adj., pusillanimous, faint-hearted, chicken-hearted, cowardly.

pusillanimité (-zil-la-), n.f., pusillanimity, faint-heartedness, cowardice.

pustule, n.f., pustule, pimple, blotch, blain; (bot.) blister.

pustulé, -e, adj., (bot.) blistered.

pustuleu-x, -se, adj., pustulous.

putain, n.f., (l.ex.) street-walker, prostitute, strumpet.

putasserie, n.f., whoredom; whoring, wenching.

putassier, n.m., (l.ex.) one who frequents prostitutes, whoremonger.

putati-f, -ve, adj., putative, reputed, supposed.

putativement, adv., reputedly, putatively.

putois, n.m., polecat.

putréfaction, n.m., putrefaction.

putréfait, -e, adj., (l.u.) putrefied.

putréfié, -e, part., putrefied.

putréfier, v.a., to putrefy.

se putréfier, v.r., to putrefy.

putrescible, adj., putrefiable.

putride, adj., (med.) putrid.

putridité, n.f., putridity.

pygargue, n.m., erne, sea-eagle.

pygmée, n.m., pygmy, dwarf.

pylône, n.m., (antiq., arch.) porch (of Egyptian temples).

pylore, n.m., (anat.) pylorus.

pyloride, n.f., bivalve shell.

pylorique, adj., (anat.) pyloric.

pyracanthe, n.f., (bot.) pyracanth.

pyrale, n.f., (ent.) pyralis.

pyramidal, -e, adj., pyramidal, pyramidic, pyramidical.

pyramidalement (-dal-mān), adv., pyramidally, pyramidically.

pyramide, n.f., pyramid.

pyramider, v.n., to rise like a pyramid; to tower, to taper.

pyrée, n.m., fire-altar.

pyrèthre, n.m., (bot.) Spanish camomile, feverfew.

pyrétologie, n.m., pyretology.

pyriforme, adj. V. piriforme.

pyrique, adj., pyrotechnic, pyrotechnical.

pyrite, n.f., (min.) pyrites.

pyriteu-x, -se, adj., (min.) pyritic, pyritical.

pyrolâtrie, n.f., the worship of fire, pyrolatry.

*pyroligneux, adj., pyrolignous.

pyrologie, n.f., pyrology.

pyromancie, n.f., pyromancy.

pyromètre, n.m., pyrometer.

pyrophore, n.m., pyrophorus.

pyroscaphe, n.m., (nav.) steamer, steamboat.

pyrosis, n.f., (med.) pyrosis, water brash.

pyrotechnie (-tèk-), n.f., pyrotechnics, pyrotechny.

pyrotechnique (-tèk-), adj., pyrotechnic, pyrotechnical.

pyroxène, n.m., (min.) pyroxene.

pyrrhique, adj., Pyrrhic.

pyrrhique, n.m., (poet.) Pyrrhic.

pyrrhique, n.f., (antiq.) Pyrrhic (dance).

pyrrhonien, -ne (-in, -è-n), n. and adj., Pyrrhonist, Pyrrhonean; Pyrrhonic.

pyrrhonisme, n.m., Pyrrhonism.

pythagoricien, -ne (-in, -è-n), n. and adj., Pythagorean; Pythagoric, Pythagorical.

pythagorique, adj., Pythagoric, Pythagorical.

pythagorisme, n.m., Pythagorism.

pythie, n.f., (antiq.) the Pythia (priestess of Apollo).

pythien (-tiin), adj., Pythian.

pythique, adj., Pythian.

pythiques, n.f.pl., Pindarus’ odes.

python, n.m., (zoöl.) python, rock-snake.

pythonisse, n.f., (antiq.) pythoness; witch.

Q

q, n.m., the seventeenth letter of the alphabet, q.

qu’, contraction of Que.

quacre, n.m. V. quaker.

quadernes (kooa-dèrn), n.m.pl., two fours (backgammon).

quadragénaire (kooa-), n. and adj., person forty years old; of forty years of age; of forty.

quadragésimal, -e (kooa-), adj., quadragesimal.

quadragésime (kooa-), n.f., Quadragesima (Sunday).

quadrangle (kooa-), n.m., quadrangle.

quadrangulaire (kooa-), adj., quadrangular, four-cornered.

quadrangulé, -e (kooa-), adj., quadrangular.

☉quadrat, adj., (astrolog.) quadrate. — aspect; quartile. V. quadrature.

quadrat, n.m., (print.) quadrat. V. cadrat.

quadrateur, n.m., squarer of the circle.

quadratin, n.m., (print.) M quadrat. Demi-—; (print.) N quadrat. V. cadratin.

quadratique (kooa-), adj., quadratic.

quadratoriste, n.m., fresco-painter.

quadratrice (kooa-), n.f., (geom.) quadratrix.

quadrature (kooa-), n.f., (astron., geom.) quadrature; (astrolog.) quartile; (paint.) fresco-painting.

quadrature, n.f., (horl.) movement, dial-work. V. cadrature.

quadriailé, adj., four-winged.

quadricapsulaire (kooa-), adj., (bot.) quadricapsular.

quadricorne (kooa-), adj., quadricornous.

quadridenté, -e (kooa-), adj., (bot.) quadridentate.

quadriennal. V. quatriennal.

quadrifide (kooa-), adj., (bot.) quadrifid, four-cleft.

quadrige (kooa-), n.m., (antiq.) quadriga.

quadrijumeaux (kooa-), adj.m.pl., (anat.) quadrigemina. Tubercules —; corpora quadrigemina.

quadrilatéral, adj., quadrilateral.

quadrilatère (kooa-), n.m., (geom.) quadrilateral.

*quadrillage, n.m., pavement of square stones, flags.

*quadrille, n.f., troop of horse (in a tournament).

quadrille, n.m., (card game, mus., dancing) quadrille; check, square, lozenge.

quadrillé, adj., (of cloths) checkered, plaid; (of paper) ruled both ways, in squares.

quadrillion (kooa-), n.m., a thousand billions.

quadrilobé, -e (kooa-), adj., (bot.) quadrilobate.

quadriloculaire (kooa-), adj., (bot.) quadrilocular.

quadrinôme (kooa-), n.m., (alg.) quadrinomial.

quadriparti, -e (kooa-), adj., (bot.) quadripartite.

quadripartition (kooa-), n.f., (l.u.) quadripartition.

quadriphylle (kooa-), adj., (bot.) quadriphyllous.

quadrirème (kooa-), n.m., quadrireme.

quadrisyllabe (kooa-dri-sil-lab), n.m., quadrisyllable.

quadrivalve (kooa-), adj., (bot.) quadrivalve, quadrivalvular.

quadrumane (kooa-), n.m. and adj., (mam.) quadruman; quadrumanous.

quadrupède (kooa-), n.m. and adj., quadruped; four-footed; quadruped.

quadruple (kooa-), n.m. and adj., quadruple, fourfold; (Spanish coin) doubloon.

quadruple, n.f., Spanish gold coin worth 85 francs, about $16.50.

quadrupler (kooa-), v.a., to quadruple, to quadruplicate; to increase fourfold.

quadrupler, v.n., to be quadrupled; to increase fourfold.

quai, n.m., quay, wharf. Droit de —; wharfage.

quaiage, n.m. V. quayage.

quaiche, n.f., (nav.) ketch.

quaker or quacre (kooa-kr), n.m., quaker.

quakeresse (kooa-kres), n.f., quakeress.

quakérisme (kooa-), n.m., quakerism.

qualifiable, adj., that can be called, named, styled, described, termed.

qualificateur, n.m., (c.rel.) qualificator.

qualificati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) qualifying.

qualificatif, n.m., (gram.) qualificative.

qualification, n.f., title, name; character, nature, qualification.

qualifié, -e, part., qualified, called, named. Vol —; robbery with aggravated circumstances.

qualifier, v.a., to qualify, to call; to entitle, to style, to name. — quelqu’un de fourbe; to call any one a knave.

se qualifier, v.r., to call one’s self, to style one’s self.

qualité, n.f., quality; property; qualification, accomplishment; title, rank. Il n’a pas les —s requises pour ce poste; he is not qualified to fill that position. En — de; in the capacity of, in the character of, as. Avoir — pour; to be qualified to. Avoir de la —; to be of good quality.

quand, adv., when, whenever, what time, what period; while, whilst. Depuis —? since when? Depuis — est-il arrivé? since when has he arrived, or how long has he been here? Jusqu’à —? or jusques à —? how long? till when?

quand, conj., though, although. — même; though, although, even if. — même elle voudrait; even if she were willing. — même; in spite of everything; through thick and thin; at any price. — bien même; even though. — je le disais! didn’t I tell you so! what did I say! Je le ferai — même; I shall do it just the same, or in spite of you, etc.

quant à, adv., with regard to, as to, as for, concerning, respecting. — à cela; as for that. Se mettre sur son —-à-soi, sur son —-à-moi; to stand on one’s dignity. Tenir, or se tenir sur, son —-à-soi, or son —-à-moi; to assume a proud and reserved air.

quantes, adj.f.pl., only employed in the two phrases: Toutes fois et —, toutes et — fois que; whenever, as often as, (com.) on demand.

quantième, n.m., day (of the month). Quel est le — du mois? what day of the month is it?

quantitati-f, -ve, adj., quantitative.

quantité, n.f., quantity; variety; deal, number, multitude, abundance, plenty, lot.

quantum (koo-an-tom), n.m., (—s) quantum.

quarantaine, n.f., about forty; age of forty; quarantine. Faire la —; to perform quarantine. Lever la —; to admit to pratique. Purger sa —; to clear one’s quarantine. Mettre en —; to put into coventry.

quarante, n.m. and adj., forty. Les —; the members of the French Academy, the forty immortals. Remettre à l’an —; to put off till doomsday. Je m’en moque comme de l’an —; I don’t care two straws about it.

quarantie (-tî), n.f., tribunal of the forty (at Venice).

quarantième (-tièm), n.m.f. and adj., fortieth.

quarderonner, v.a., (arch.) to round off.

quarre, quarré, quarreau, quarrément, quarrer, quarrure. V. carre, carré, etc.

quart (kar), n.m., quarter, fourth; point (of the compass); quart (measure); (nav.) watch. Un — d’heure; a quarter of an hour. Médire du tiers et du —; to speak ill of everybody. — de cercle; quadrant. Officier de —; (nav.) officer of the watch. Faire son —; to do one’s watch. — de nuit; night-watch. Faire bon —; to keep a good lookout. Le premier —; the starboard-watch. Bon —! (nav.) all’s well! — de vent; point of the compass. Le — d’heure de Rabelais; the moment of payment; the crucial moment. Les trois —s du temps; generally, most frequently.

quart, -e, adj., fourth; (med.) quartan. Fièvre —e; quartan ague, quartan.

quartaine, adj.f., (pop.) quartan. Fièvre —; quartan ague.

quartan, n.m., (hunt.) fourth year (of wild boars).

quartanier, n.m., wild boar four years old.

quartation, n.f., (metal.) quartation.

quartaut, n.m., octave (cask).

quarte, n.f., (mus.) fourth; (fenc.) quarte; (piquet) quart; ☉half gallon.

quartenier, n.m., local police officer.

quarteron, n.m., -ne, n.f., quadroon, quateron.

quarteron, n.m., the fourth part of a pound, or of a hundred. Demi-—; the eighth part of a pound, or of a hundred.

quartidi (koo-ar-), n.m., Quartidi (fourth day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic).

quartier (-tié), n.m., quarter, fourth part; piece, part; block; quarter (of a town, of the moon); ward; district; neighborhood; flap (of a saddle); gammon (of bacon); block (of stone); (arch., her., milit., vet.) quarter; descent; study, form (in schools). pl., quarters. Un — de lard; half a flitch of bacon. — de soulier; quarter of a shoe. — général; (milit.) headquarters. Elève du troisième —; pupil of the third form. De —; (milit.) on duty. Demander —; to beg for quarter, for mercy. Il ne donne point de — à ses débiteurs; he is eternally dunning his debtors. On n’y fait — à personne; they spare nobody there.

quartier-maître, n.m., (—s-—s) (milit., nav.) quartermaster, second-class petty officer.

quarto. V. in-quarto.

quarto (kooar-to), adv., fourthly, in the fourth place.

quartz (kooar-tz), n.m., (min.) quartz.

quartzeu-x, -se (kooa-), adj., (min.) quartzose, quartzy.

quasi, n.m., (cook.) thick end of a loin of veal; chump, chump end.

quasi, adv., (fam.) almost, nearly; quasi.

quasi-contrat, n.m., (—-—s) (jur.) quasi contract, implied contract.

quasi-délit, n.m., (—-—s) (jur.) injury caused involuntarily.

quasiment, adv., almost, nearly, as you would say.

quasimodo, n.f., (c.rel.) Quasimodo, hunchback (in V. Hugo’s Notre Dame). Dimanche de la —; Low Sunday.

quassia (kooa-), n.f., (pharm.) quassia.

quassier (kooa-sié), n.m., (bot.) stavewood, quassia.

quater, n.m., C (numeration of houses). V. ter.

quaternaire (kooa-), adj., quaternary.

quaterne, n.m., quaternary; four winning numbers (V. quine).

quaterné, -e, adj., (bot.) quaternate.

quatorze, n.m. and adj., fourteen, fourteenth.

quatorzième, n.m.f. and adj., fourteenth, fourteenth day.

quatorzièmement, adv., fourteenthly.

quatrain, n.m., quatrain.

quatre, adj., four, fourth. Un de ces — matins; one of these fine days. Marcher à — pattes; to go upon all fours. Être tiré à — épingles; to look as if one had just come out of a bandbox. — à —; four to four, four abreast; four steps at a time, in great haste, at a furious rate; (in games) four all.

quatre, n.m., four; fourth. Se mettre en — pour quelqu’un; to go through fire for any one. Crier comme —; to cry out lustily. Faire le diable à —; to kick up a terrible shindy; to exert one’s self to the utmost. On le tenait à —; it needed four men to hold him. Je me tenais à — pour ne pas ...; it was as much as I could do not to ... Travailler comme —; to work like a nigger.

quatre-temps, n.m.pl., Ember-days.

quatre-vingtième, n.m.f. and adj., eightieth.

quatre-vingts, adj., eighty. — millions; eighty millions. Ils étaient —; there were eighty of them. Quatre-vingt-un; eighty-one. Quatre-vingt-dix; ninety. Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf; ninety-nine. [Quatre-vingts takes no s when it precedes another number. It likewise takes no s when used in dates of the Christian era: L’an mil sept cent quatre-vingt; the year 1780.]

quatrième, n.m. and adj., fourth; fourth floor; pupil of the fourth class.

quatrième, n.f. and adj., fourth; fourth class (in schools); (piquet) quart.

quatrièmement, adv., fourthly.

quatriennal, -e (-è-n-nal), adj., quadrennial.

quatrillion (kooa-), n.m. V. quadrillion.

quatuor (kooa-), n.m., (—) (mus.) quartet, quartette.

quayage, n.m., wharfage, keyage.

que, relative pron., whom, that, which, what. Qu’est-ce — c’est? what is it? — dites-vous? what do you say? — dit-on de nouveau? what news have you to tell us? Il ne sait — faire; he does not know what to do. L’homme — vous voyez; the man whom you see.

que, conj., that; how; how much, how many; if; as, when; unless, without; till, until; yet; lest, for fear that; in order that, for; before; since; so; than; let; because; why; only, nothing but. J’avoue — cela est surprenant; I confess that this is very surprising. Afin —; that, in order that. De sorte —; so that. S’il le souhaite, et — vous le vouliez; if he desires it, and you also wish it. Je ne serai point content — je ne le sache; I shall never rest content until I know it. Attendez qu’il vienne; wait till he comes. Il me verrait périr, qu’il n’en serait pas touché; even if he were to see me perish, he would not be in the least concerned. Approchez, — je vous embrasse; draw near, (in order) that I may kiss you. N’approchez pas de ce chien, de peur qu’il ne vous morde; do not go near that dog, lest he should bite you. Il n’y a qu’une heure qu’il est parti; he left but an hour ago. On le régala — rien n’y manquait; they treated him in such a way that nothing was wanting. À peine eut-il achevé de parler qu’il expira; he had hardly done speaking, when he expired. Le mari est plus raisonnable — la femme; the husband is more reasonable than the wife. Plutôt — de le faire; rather than do it. Tout savant qu’il est, il a bien peu de jugement; learned as he is, he has very little judgment. C’est à la cour qu’on apprend à flatter; it is at court one learns to flatter. Qu’il parle; let him speak. Je vous assure — cela est ainsi; I assure you that it is so. Je doute — cela soit ainsi; I doubt whether it is so. C’est une passion dangereuse — le jeu; gambling is a dangerous passion. C’est être sage — de vivre ainsi; it is acting like a wise man to live so. C’est en vain — je me fatigue; it is in vain that I toil and moil. C’est — je ne savais pas — vous y étiez; the fact is I did not know that you were there. Il y a dix ans — je l’aime; I have loved her these last ten years. Je ne suis pas si fou — de le croire; I am not such a fool as to believe it. Il est tout autre — vous ne disiez; he is quite different from what you said. — Dieu vous bénisse; God bless you. — j’agisse contre ma conscience! ask me to act against my conscience! — vous aimez à parler! how fond you are of talking! Qu’elle est grande! how tall she is! Qu’il y a de sots dans le monde! what a lot of fools there are in the world! Le malheureux qu’il est! wretch that he is! — ne parlez-vous? why do you not speak? — ne fait-il pas pour s’enrichir? what does he not do to grow rich? — ne puis-je vous rendre service! would to God that I could serve you! — n’ai-je le temps! oh, that I had the time! Je ne sors point — je ne m’enrhume; I never go out without catching cold. Je n’ai — faire de; I have no business with, I have nothing to do with; I have no need of. Je n’ai — faire de vous dire; I need not tell you. Il ne fait — boire et manger; he does nothing but eat and drink. Nous ne faisons — de commencer; we are only just beginning. Je dis — oui; I say yes. Il croit — non; he thinks not. Je gage — si; I bet you it is so. Allez, sot — vous êtes; go, blockhead that you are. Le moyen — je souffre cela? how can I bear that? Ce n’est pas trop — cela; that’s not too much. Ce — c’est que la vie! what a strange thing life is! La belle chose — d’être riche! how nice it is to be rich!

quel, -le, adj., what. — homme est-ce? what sort of a man is he? —le heure est-il? what o’clock is it? —le pitié! what a pity! le taille! what a figure! —le que soit votre intention; whatever your intention may be. — qu’il soit; whatever he be, whoever he be, whatever it is. Tel —; indifferent, so so.

quelconque, adj., whatever, any; any whatsoever. D’une manière —; in any way whatever, anyhow. Une raison —; any reason whatever.

☉quellement (kèl-mān), adv. Tellement —; indifferently, so so.

quelque, adj., some, any, a few, odd; whatever, whatsoever. Adressez-vous à — autre; apply to somebody else. — jour; some day or other. Il y a —s années; some years ago. J’ai —s amis dans cette ville; I have a few friends in this town. — part; somewhere. — peu d’argent; some little money. —s efforts que vous fassiez; whatever efforts you make. En — lieu qu’il soit; wherever he is. En — temps que ce soit; at any time.

quelque, adv., however, howsoever; some, about. — riches qu’ils soient; however rich they may be. — centaines de livres; a few hundred pounds. — cent francs; about a hundred francs.

quelquefois, adv., sometimes.

quelques-uns, n.m.pl., -unes, n.f.pl., some, some people; any; a few.

quelqu’un, n.m., -e, n.f., somebody, some one; anybody, any one.

quémander, v.n., to beg, to beg for, to go a-begging, to solicit.

quémanderie, n.f., begging, solicitation.

quémandeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., importunate beggar.

qu’en-dira-t-on, n.m., (n.p.) public talk, tittle-tattle. Se moquer du —; to ignore what people say.

quenelle, n.f., (cook.) forcemeat ball.

quenotte, n.f., (fam.) tooth (of young children).

*quenouille, n.f., distaff; bed-post; tree cut in the form of a distaff. — de lit; bedpost. A —s; four-post. En —; like a distaff. Tomber en —; to fall to the female line. Coiffer une —; to cover a distaff.

*quenouillée, n.f., distaff-ful.

*quenouillette, n.f., a small distaff; (bot.) distaff-thistle. —s de la poupe; (nav.) stern-timbers.

quérable, adj., (jur.) demandable (of a debt).

quercitron, n.m., (bot.) quercitron.

querelle, n.f., quarrel, quarreling, row, brawl, broil, wrangling. — d’Allemand; groundless quarrel. Faire une — à; to quarrel with. Chercher — à; to pick a quarrel with. Vider une —; to settle a quarrel. Susciter une — à; to raise a quarrel. Ne pas épouser une —; not to take up any one’s quarrel.

quereller, v.a., to quarrel with, to pick a quarrel with, to scold.

se quereller, v.r., to quarrel, to wrangle, to have words.

quereller, v.n., to quarrel, to wrangle.

querelleu-r, -se, adj. and n., quarrelsome; quarreler, wrangler.

☉quérir, v.a., to fetch. [Only employed in the infinitive with aller, envoyer, venir.] Aller —; to go and fetch. Envoyer —; to send for.

questeur (kuès-), n.m., questor.

question (kès-tion), n.f., question, interrogation; query, rack, torture; point, issue; (jur.) issue; question (torture). Faire une —; to ask a question. De quoi est-il —? what’s the matter? Résoudre une —; to solve a question. Sortir de la —; to wander from the question. Si c’est une — à faire; if it is a fair question. Il est — de; it is in contemplation to (i.e. intended to). Après cela il fut — de moi; then my affair came up. Mettre en —; to question; to call in question, to doubt. Mettre à la —; to put to the rack, to torture.

questionnaire (kès-tio-nèr), n.m., examination questions; book of questions; torturer, tormentor.

questionner (kès-tio-né), v.a., to question, to interrogate; to ask questions.

questionneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., questioner, querist. adj., inquisitive.

questure (kuès-), n.f., questorship; questors’ office.

quête, n.f., quest, search, collection, offertory, gathering; (hunt.) beating about; (nav.) rake. Se mettre en — de; to go in quest of.

quêter, v.a. and n., to go in quest, or search, of; to gather or collect; to beg, or ask, for; to make a collection; to canvass; (hunt.) to search.

quêteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., collector, gatherer, mendicant (friar).

queue (keû), n.f., tail; stalk, stem; (l.u.) hone; hogshead; end, extremity; rear; (of documents) label; billiard-cue; handle (of a frying-pan, of mills); train (of robes, gowns); file, string (of persons). —-d’aronde, (—s-—) (carp.) dovetail. —-de-chat cirrus; curl-cloud; mare’s tail. — écourtée; bobtail. —-de-cheval, (—s-—) (bot.) horse-tail. —-de lion, (—s-—) (bot.) lion’s-tail; motherwort. —-de-pourceau; (bot.) hog’s-fennel. Demi-—, (—s-—) half a hogshead. La — d’un paon; a peacock’s train. La — d’une robe; the train of a gown. — de moulin; mill-handle. — de poêle; handle of a frying-pan. La — de l’armée; the rear of the army. Avoir les ennemis en —; to have the enemy at one’s heels. Il est à la —; he is behind, at the bottom of the class. Faire —; to stand in a line. Faire la — à; to take in, to deceive. On fait — au théâtre; there is a crowd at the doors. À —-d’aronde; (carp.) dovetailed. À la — leu leu, V. leu. Faire fausse —; to miscue (billiards).

queussi-queumi, adv., neither more nor less, neither better nor worse, just the same.

queuter, v.n., to strike two balls at once, or together; to make a foul stroke.

queux or queue (keû), n.f., hone, whetstone.

☉queux, n.m., cook. Grand —, maître —; head cook; restaurateur.

qui, relative pron., who, whoever, whom, whomsoever, which, that; what; some. L’homme — pense; the man who thinks. Les chevaux — tirent; the horses that draw. De — parle-t-il? whom is he speaking of? À — est ce livre? whose book is this? Dites-moi —; tell me who. Je ne sais pas —; I don’t know who. C’est à — l’aura; it is to who will have it. C’était à —; they vied with one another as to who. — pis est; what is worse. — plus est; what is more. Je sais — vous voulez dire; I know whom you mean. — est là? who’s there? — d’entre vous oserait? which of you would dare? Ils étaient dispersés — çà, — là; they were dispersed some one way, some another. — que ce soit, — que ce puisse être; whoever, whosoever it be. Je n’ai vu — que ce soit; I saw nobody, not a soul. Il ne se défiait de — que ce fût; he mistrusted nobody. — que ce soit, il s’en repentira; let him be who he will, he shall rue it. À — est-ce à? whose turn is it to? À — est? whose is? or to whom is? À — le tour? whose turn is it? Pour — connaît; to any one who knows. — s’excuse, s’accuse; a guilty conscience needs no accuser.

quia (kui-a), adv., (l.u.) naught. Être à —; to be at a loss, to be at a stand, to be nonplused. Mettre à —; to nonplus, to silence.

quibus (kui-bus), n.m., (pop.) property, wealth, needful cash, tin. Avoir du —; to be flush of money.

quiconque (ki-kōnk), pron., whoever, whosoever; whomsoever, whichever.

quida-m (ki-dān), n.m., -ne (ki-da-n), n.f., (jur.) quidam; a certain individual; a certain person, one, some fellow.

quiddité (kuid-di-té), n.f., quiddity.

quiescence, n.f., quiescence.

quiescent, -e (kui-), adj., quiescent.

quiétisme, n.m., quietism (the doctrine of).

quiétiste, n.m.f. and adj., quietist.

quiétude, n.f., quietude.

*quignon, n.m., (fam.) hunch (large piece).

☉*quillage, n.m., keelage. V. ancrage.

*quille, n.f., skittle, nine-pin; (nav.) keel. Jeu de —s; game of skittles, set of skittles; skittle-ground or alley. Donner à quelqu’un son sac et ses —s; to send any one packing. Recevoir quelqu’un comme un chien dans un jeu de —s; to receive any one like a dog. Trousser ses —s; to cut one’s sticks.

*quiller, v.n., to throw for partners, or for first play (at skittles).

*quillette, n.f., osier cutting.

*quillier, n.m., skittle-ground.

*quilloir, n.m., (nav.) reel-stick.

*quillon, n.m., cross-bar (of a sword).

quina, n.m. V. quinquina.

quinaire, n.m., (antiq.) quinarius.

quinaire (kui-), adj., (math.) quinary.

☉quinaud, -e, adj. V. penaud.

*quincaille, n.f., ironmongery, hardware; (fig.) trash, gimcrack.

*quincaillerie, n.f., ironmongery, hardware.

*quincaillier, n.m., ironmonger, hardwareman.

quinconce, n.m., quincunx.

quindécagone (kuin-), n.m., (geom.) quindecagon.

quindécemvir (kuin-dé-sèm-vir), n.m., quindecemvir.

quindécemvirat, n.m., quindecemvirate.

quine, n.m., two fives (trictrac); five winning numbers (in a lottery). Avoir la —; to be in for (anything). Gagner la —; to win the big prize.

quinine, n.f., quinine.

quinola, n.m., knave of hearts (reversi).

quinquagénaire (kuin-koua-), n.m.f. and adj., person fifty years old; fifty years old.

quinquagésime (kuin-koua-), n.f., Quinquagesima.

☉quinque (kuin-kué), n.m., (mus.) quintet.

quinquédenté, -e (kuin-kué-), adj., (bot.) quinquedentate.

quinquennal, -e (kuin-kuèn-nal), adj., quinquennial.

☉quinquennium, n.m., (n.p.) a five years’ course of philosophy and theology.

quinquenove, n.m., a game at dice.

quinquerce (kuin-kuèrs), n.m., (antiq.) quinquertium.

quinquérème (kuin-kué-), n.f., (nav.) quinquereme.

quinquet, n.m., Argand lamp; lamp, common oil lamp.

quinquina, n.m., quinquina; Peruvian bark; (bot.) cinchona; tonic wine, appetizer.

quint, n.m. and adj., (l.u.) fifth. Charles-—; Charles the Fifth. Sixte-—; Sixtus the Fifth.

quintaine, n.f., (man.) quintain.

quintal, n.m., quintal, hundred-weight.

quintan, n.m., (man.) quintain (to tilt at).

quintane, adj., quintan, of five days (of fevers).

quinte, n.f., (mus.) fifth; quint (piquet); fit (of coughing); freak, whim; (fenc.) quinte; tenor violin; (man.) dead stop.

quinte, adj.f., of five days (of fevers). Fièvre —; a five-day fever. V. quintane.

*quintefeuille, n.f., (bot.) cinque-foil.

quintessence, n.f., quintessence; marrow; (fig.) pith; essential part.

quintessencier, v.a., to draw the quintessence out of; to refine, to be critical; to subtilize.

quintette (kuin-tèt), n.m., (mus.) quintet, quintette.

quinteu-x, -se, adj., fanciful, whimsical; crotchety; making dead stops, jibbing (of a horse).

quintidi (kuin-), n.m., Quintidi (fifth day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic).

quintillion, n.m., trillion.

quintuple (kuin-), n.m. and adj., quintuple, fivefold.

quintupler (kuin-), v.a., to quintuple, to increase fivefold.

quinzain, n.m., fifteen each (at tennis).

quinzaine, n.f., about fifteen; fortnight.

quinze, n.m. and adj., fifteen; fifteenth. — jours; fortnight. D’aujourd’hui en —; this day fortnight. Il y a eu hier — jours; yesterday fortnight. Il y a eu Dimanche — jours; last Sunday fortnight. De Lundi en —; next Monday fortnight. Les —-vingts; Quinze-Vingts, hospital in Paris (for three hundred blind men). Un —-vingts; an inmate of Quinze-Vingts.

quinzième, n.m. and adj., fifteenth; fifteenth day; (mus.) fifteenth.

quinzièmement, adv., fifteenthly, in the fifteenth place.

quiproquo, n.m., (—s) quid pro quo, mistake, blunder.

quittance, n.f., receipt, discharge. — pour solde de compte; receipt in full.

quittancer, v.a., to receipt.

quitte, adj., discharged (from debt); quit, quits, clear; free, rid. Jouer à — ou double; to play double or quits. Tenir —; to release, to disengage. Je suis — d’un grand embarras; I am rid of a great deal of trouble. Je vous tiens — de votre parole; I release you from your word. Vous n’en serez pas — à si bon marché; you shall not come off so cheaply. Il en fut — pour la peur; he got off with a good fright. J’irai — à être grondé; I shall go, even if I get scolded. Être — envers quelqu’un; to owe no one anything; to be even with any one.

quittement, adv., (jur.) entirely, without debt or incumbrance.

quitter, v.a., to quit, to leave, to part with; to leave off, to take off; to lay aside, to desist from; to give up, to give over; to depart (life). Je vous quitte pour un instant; I leave you for a moment. — père et mère; to leave father and mother. — ses habits; to take off one’s clothes. — une charge; to give up a post. J’aime mieux — que disputer; I would rather give up than wrangle (over it). Il a quitté le service; he has left the service. — le commerce; to give up business. — la chasse; to give up hunting. — la partie; to give up the game. Qui quitte la partie la perd; who leaves off the game, loses. Ne pas — des yeux; not to take one’s eyes off.

quitus (kui-tus), n.m., (—) (fin.) discharge.

qui va là? or qui-va-là, n.m., who goes there? Avoir réponse à —; to be stopped by no difficulty; to have an answer always ready.

qui vive? or qui-vive, n.m., (milit.) challenge-word; who goes there? Être sur le —; to keep a good look-out; to be on the qui vive, or on the alert.

quoailler, v.n., (of a horse) to swish its tail.

quoi, pron., which, what. — que vous disiez; whatever you may say, in short, to speak plainly; of course, to be sure. Dites-moi en — je puis vous servir; tell me in what way I can serve you. C’est en — vous vous trompez; you are mistaken in that. À — passez-vous le temps? how do you spend your time? À — bon tant de façons? why so much ceremony? À propos de —? on what occasion? with respect to what? Avoir de —; (pop.) to be rich. Il n’y a pas de —; it is not worth mentioning; don’t mention it! — qu’il en soit; be that as it may. Nous avons de — le faire; we have the means to do it. Avoir de —; to have sufficient. Il n’y a pas de — pleurer; it is not worth crying about. Il n’y a pas de — rire; it is no laughing matter. Le je ne sais —; the “indescribable” something.

quoi! int., what! how! —, vous avez fait cela? what! have you done that? — donc, vous osez me résister en face! how then! dare you resist me openly?

quoi-que, conj., whatever.

quoique, conj., although, though. Quoiqu’il soit pauvre; although he is poor.

quolibet, n.m., quibble, pun, sorry joke.

quote-part, n.f., (—s-—s) quota, portion, share, contribution.

quotidien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., daily, quotidian. Notre pain —; our daily bread; (fig.) our daily custom, our daily round.

quotidiennement, adv., daily.

quotient, n.m., (arith.) quotient.

quotité, n.f., quota, portion, share.

R

r (èr), n.f., (re), n.m., the eighteenth letter of the alphabet, r.

rabâchage, n.m., tautology; tiresome repetition; rigmarole.

rabâcher, v.n. and a., (fam.) to make tiresome repetitions, to repeat the same thing over and over again.

rabâcherie (-bâ-shrî), n.f., eternal repetition.

rabâcheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., eternal repeater; twaddler.

rabais, n.m., abatement, reduction, diminution; reduced price, allowance, fall; lowest tender. Vendre, donner, au —; to sell at reduced prices. Être au —; to have fallen in price. Il les a pris au —; he has taken them by contract. Vente au —; selling off, sale.

rabaissement (-bès-mān), n.m., fall, depreciation, diminution in value; (fig.) humiliation, contempt.

rabaisser, v.a., to lower; to abate, to diminish, to lessen; to depreciate, to humble; to disparage; to bring down, to put down. — sa voix; to lower one’s voice. — les monnaies; to depreciate the coin. — les taxes; to lower the taxes. — l’orgueil de quelqu’un; to humble any one’s pride.

raban, n.m., (nav.) rope-band, gasket, knittle.

rabanner, v.a., (nav.) to fit a sail with rope-bands and earings.

rabat, n.m., band (for the neck), bands; end of the roof (of a tennis-court); beating about (for game).

rabat-joie, n.m., (—) damper, wet blanket, mar-joy, spoil-sport. C’est un —; he is a regular wet blanket, or spoil-sport.

rabattage, n.m., cutting down, pressing down.

rabattre, v.a., to bring down, to lower, to beat down, to pull or cut down, to turn or press down, to lay; to abate, to diminish, to deduct; to humble; to revoke. Le vent rabat la fumée; the wind beats down the smoke. — un coup; to ward off a blow. Il n’en veut rien —; he won’t abate an inch of it, he won’t come down a peg. — l’orgueil de quelqu’un; to bring down or lower any one’s pride. — le gibier; to beat up the game. En —; to take off; (fig.) to come down a peg or two. — le caquet à quelqu’un; to take any one down a peg.

se rabattre, v.r., to beat down; to turn off, to change one’s road; to fall back upon, to come down, to lower one’s pretensions; to limit one’s self.

rabattre, v.n., to turn under; to turn off; to change (one’s) direction or route.

rabattue, n.f., (nav.) drift-rail.

rabbaniste, n.m. V. rabbiniste.

rabbi or rabbin, n.m., rabbi, rabbin. Grand —; chief rabbi.

rabbinage, n.m., rabbinism.

rabbinique, adj., rabbinical.

rabbinisme, n.m., rabbinism.

rabbiniste or rabbaniste, n.m., rabbinist.

rabdologie, n.f., rhabdology.

rabdomancie or ☉rabdomance, n.f., rhabdomancy.

rabes, n.f.pl., hard roe (of cod).

rabêtir, v.a. and n., to stupefy; to make dull, or stupid; to grow dull, or stupid.

rabette, n.f., rape; rape-seed.

rabiole, n.f. V. rave.

rabique or rabeique, adj., (med.) hydrophobic; of rabies, rabid.

râble, n.m., back of a hare, or rabbit; (tech.) rake, poker, stirrer; (b.s.) back (of a person).

râbler, v.a., to rake, to poke, to scrape.

râblu, -e, adj., thick-backed (of a hare, or rabbit); (pers.) broad-backed, strong-backed; (fig.) hardy, vigorous.

râblure, n.f., (nav.) rabbet, channel. — de la quille; rabbet of the keel.

se rabonnir, v.r., to improve.

rabot, n.m., plane; beater (to move lime); road-scraper. Passer le — sur; to plane, to polish.

rabotage, n.m., (carp.) planing.

raboter, v.a. and n., to plane, to smooth with a plane; to polish.

raboteur, n.m., planer, molding-worker.

raboteu-x, -se, adj., knotty, rough; rugged, cragged, craggy; uneven, (fig.) harsh, jagged (of style). Un chemin —; an uneven road.

rabougri, -e, part., stunted. Un petit homme —; a small, stunted fellow or man.

rabougrir, v.a., to stunt.

se rabougrir, v.r., to become, or grow, stunted.

*rabouillère, n.f., rabbit’s nest, or hole; (fig.) corner, spot (in Rabelais).

raboutir, v.a., to piece, to join end to end, to join on.

rabrouer, v.a., to snub, to pull up short; to chide, to rebuke.

rabroueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., snappish person, scold.

racage, n.m., (nav.) parrel. Pommes de —; trucks of a parrel. Bigots de —; ribs of a parrel. Bâtard de —; parrel-rope. Drosse de —; parrel-truss.

racahout, n.m., (n.p.) racahout (a nutritious fecula).

*racaille, n.f., rabble, riffraff; rubbish, trash.

racambeau, n.m., (nav.) traveler, jib-iron.

racastillage, n.m., (nav.) repair of the upper works.

racastiller, v.a., to repair the upper works (of a vessel).

raccommodage, n.m., mending, repairing, darning.

raccommodement (-mod-mān), n.m., reconciliation, reconcilement.

raccommoder, v.a., to mend, to repair; to piece, to patch, to botch; to adjust, to set right; to improve, to correct; to reconcile, to make friends again; to darn. Faire — quelque chose; to have anything mended. On les a raccommodés; they have been reconciled.

se raccommoder, v.r., to be mended; (of persons) to be reconciled; to make it up again. Le mari et la femme se sont raccommodés; the husband and wife are friends again, or have made it up again.

raccommodeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., mender, patcher.

raccord, n.m., joining, fitting, junction; union; piece, patch.

raccordement, n.m., (arch.) leveling; union, junction; mending, patching.

raccorder, v.a., to join, to unite, to adjust, to connect, to level; to piece, to patch; (of instruments) to tune again.

raccourci, -e, part., shortened, abbreviated; too short. À bras —s; with might and main.

raccourci, n.m., epitome, abridgment, short cut; (paint.) foreshortening. En —; abridged, briefly; (persp.) foreshortened; (fig.) in miniature. Prendre au —; to take a short cut.

raccourcir, v.a., to shorten, to make shorter; to contract, to bend; to curtail; to abbreviate, to abridge; (persp.) to foreshorten.

se raccourcir, v.r., to shorten; to grow, or become, shorter; to contract one’s self; to shrink.

raccourcir, v.n., to shorten; to become shorter; to shrink, to contract.

raccourcissement (-sis-mān), n.m., shortening, contraction, curtailment, abridgment; shrinking; foreshortening.

raccours, n.m., shrinking.

raccoutrement, n.m., mending (of clothes).

raccoutrer, v.a., to mend, to sew up.

se raccoutumer, v.r., to reaccustom one’s self (to), to get used (to) again.

raccroc (ra-kro), n.m., chance, lucky hit; (at billiards) fluke. Coup de —; lucky stroke, fluke.

raccrocher, v.a., to hook again; to hang up again; to recover, to get again, to get hold of, to pick up. Raccrochez ce tableau; hang up this picture again. — son argent; to recover one’s money. Si je pouvais — cela! if I could only bring that off! Raccroché à Londres; (of persons) picked up in London.

se raccrocher, v.r., to cling; to adhere; to retrieve one’s losses, to recover one’s self; to catch, or snatch, at. Se — à une chose; to cling to anything.

raccrocher, v.n., to fluke. Il ne fait que —; he does nothing but fluke.

raccrocheuse, n.f., (pop.) street-walker.

race, n.f., race; stock, breed; family, line, ancestry; (agri.) variety. Un cheval de —; a thorough-bred horse. Ce chien est de bonne —; this dog is of a good breed, is pure-bred. Croiser les —s; to cross the breeds. — de vipères; generation of vipers. La — future; future ages. Les bons chiens chassent de —; it runs in the blood. Cette fille chasse de —; that girl is a flirt like her mother. Faire —; to breed.

rachat, n.m., repurchase, redemption, recovery, ransom. Vendre à faculté de —; to sell with power of redemption. — de bans; (marriage) license.

rachetable (rash-tabl), adj., redeemable.

racheter (rash-té), v.a., to buy back, to buy again, to repurchase; to ransom, to buy off, to redeem; to compensate, to make up for; to atone, to atone for. — une rente; to redeem an annuity. — les prisonniers; to ransom the prisoners. — ses vices par ses vertus; to atone for one’s vices by one’s virtues.

se racheter, v.r., to redeem one’s self; to be compensated, to be made up for.

racheu-x, -se, adj., knotty (of wood).

rachever (rash-vé), v.a., (pop.) to finish (anything begun).

rachidien, -ne (-in, -èn), adj., (anat.) spinal, vertebral.

rachis (ra-shis), n.m., (anat.) spinal, vertebral column, spine; (bot.) stalk.

rachitique, adj., (med.) rickety; (bot.) blighted, stunted, knotty.

rachitique, n.m.f., rickety person, person suffering from rickets.

rachitis (-tis), n.m., rachitis; rickets.

rachitisme, n.m., rachitis; rickets; (agri.) white blight.

racinage, n.m., esculent roots, root-crops; (dy.) walnut dye (of walnut peel).

racinal, n.m., (carp.) beam, sleeper; sole; sill.

racine, n.f., root; (fig.) beginning, principle, origin. Fruits pendants par les —s; standing crops. — carrée; (arith.) square root. — cubique; cube root. Prendre —; to take root.

raciner, v.n., to strike root.

raciner, v.a., to dye with roots, to root-figure.

racinien, -ne, adj., Racinian, of or after Racine.

rack, n.m., arrack, rack (liquor). V. arack.

râclage, n.m., scraping, thinning.

râcle, n.f., (nav.) scraper (used to clean a ship’s side, deck, etc.).

râcle-boyau, n.m., (—) catgut-scraper, fiddler.

râclée, n.f., scraping; (pop.) beating, drubbing, whacking, thrashing, hiding.

râcler, v.a., to scrape, to scrape off; to strike (a measure); to strum, to thrum. — le boyau; to scrape the fiddle.

râcleur, n.m., catgut-scraper; strummer (on the piano, etc.).

râcloir, n.m., scraper, road-scraper.

râcloire, n.f., strike (of measures).

râclon, n.m., scraped-mud (for manure).

râclure, n.f., scrapings.

racolage, n.m., recruiting, enlisting, crimping, impressing.

racoler, v.a., to entice men to enlist, to crimp, to enlist; (fig.) to pick up.

racoleur, n.m., crimp; recruiting sergeant.

racontable, adj., relatable.

racontage or racontar, n.m., gossip, tittle-tattle, idle tales.

raconter, v.a., to relate, to tell, to narrate, to recount.

raconteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., relater, story-teller, narrator.

racornir, v.a., to make as hard as horn; to make hard, to harden; to dry up, to shrivel, to shrivel up.

se racornir, v.r., to grow hard, to harden; to shrivel, to shrivel up, to dry up.

racornissement (-nis-mān), n.m., hardening, shriveling, drying up.

racquit, n.m., winning back.

racquitter, v.a., to win back again; to indemnify, to recoup.

se racquitter, v.r., to win back again; to retrieve one’s losses, to recoup one’s self.

rade, n.f., (nav.) roads, roadstead. — foraine; open roadstead. Grande —; outer roads. Petite —; inner roads. Vaisseau en —; roadster. Aller en —; to go into the roads.

radeau, n.m., raft.

rader, v.a., (nav.) to anchor in a roadstead; to strike (a measure). — un vaisseau; to anchor a ship in a roadstead.

radeur, n.m., salt-measurer.

radiaire, n.m. and adj., (zoöl.) radiary; radiated. —s; radiata.

radial, -e, adj., (anat., geom.) radial.

radiance, n.f., radiance, radiancy; luster.

radiant, -e, adj., radiant.

radiation, n.f., radiation, irradiation; obliteration, erasure, crossing out, striking out.

radical, -e, adj., radical.

radical, n.m., radical; root.

radicalement (-kal-mān), adv., radically.

radicalisme, n.m., radicalism.

radicant, -e, adj., (bot.) radicant.

radication, n.f., radication.

radicelle, n.f., (bot.) radicle.

radicule, n.f., (bot.) radicle.

radié, -e, adj., (bot.) radiant, radiated, stellated; (her.) radiant.

radier, n.m., (arch.) inverted arch; floor (of a lock on a canal); apron (of docks, of basins); radish-plate.

radier, v.a., to strike out, to cross out.

radieu-x, -se, adj., radiant, beaming, shining, blazing.

radiomètre, n.m., (astron.) radiometer.

radis, n.m., radish.

radius (-us), n.m., (anat.) radius.

radoire, n.f., strike (of measures).

radotage, n.m., nonsense, idle talk, drivel; dotage.

radoter, v.n., to rave, to dote, to talk idly, to wander, to talk drivel.

radoterie (ra-do-trî), n.f. V. radotage.

radoteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., dotard, driveler. Vieille —se; trifling old woman.

radoub (-doob), n.m., (nav.) repair, refitting of a ship, graving. Cale de —; graving slip. Forme de —; graving dock. Vaisseau en —; ship undergoing repairs. Mettre au —; to lay up (a vessel).

radouber, v.a., (nav.) to refit, to repair, to recalk.

se radouber, v.r., (nav.) to be repaired.

radoubeur, n.m., (nav.) calker.

radouci, part. adj., softened, subdued.

radoucir, v.a., to soften, to make milder, to appease, to pacify, to mitigate, to allay.

se radoucir, v.r., to soften, to grow milder, to become milder, to get milder; to grow soft, to become soft, to get soft; to subside, to be appeased, to be pacified; to relent, to relax, to soften down. Le temps se radoucit; it is getting milder or better weather.

radoucissement (-sis-mān), n.m., softening, getting milder (of the weather); mitigation, allaying, appeasement, improvement.

rafale, n.f., (nav.) squall.

rafalé, adj., caught in a squall; (pop. & fig.) hard up, up a tree.

raffe, n.f. V. rafle.

raffermir, v.a., to harden, to make firm; to fasten; to establish, to confirm, to settle, to secure, to fortify, to strengthen. Cet événement raffermit son autorité; that event strengthened his authority. — le courage de quelqu’un; to give heart to any one.

se raffermir, v.r., to grow stronger, to gather strength; to be established, to become established, to consolidate; to be confirmed, to become confirmed; to improve. Sa santé se raffermit; his health is improving.

raffermissement (-mis-mān), n.m., hardening, strengthening; confirmation, establishment, fastening, securing, consolidation, improvement.

raffinade, n.f., best refined sugar.

raffinage, n.m., refining.

raffiné, n.m., fashionable rake.

raffiné, -e, adj., refined, delicate; keen, sharp, subtle, clever, consummate.

raffinement (ra-fi-n-mān), n.m., refinement, affected nicety.

raffiner, v.a., to refine.

se raffiner, v.r., to refine, to be refined, to become refined.

raffiner, v.n., to refine. — sur le point d’honneur; to be over-nice upon the point of honor.

raffinerie (ra-fi-n-rî), n.f., refinery; sugar-refinery, refining.

raffineur, n.m., refiner. — de sucre; sugar-refiner, sugar-baker.

raffoler, v.n., to dote (upon), to be passionately fond (of), to be distractedly in love (with). Il raffole de cette femme; he is madly in love, or infatuated, with that woman.

raffolir, v.n., (l.u.) to become mad, to go mad. V. affoler.

rafistolage, n.m., patching up, mending.

rafistoler, v.a., (fam.) to mend clothes, to patch up, to make new.

rafle, raffe, or râpe, n.f., grape-stalk stripped of all its fruit; (dice) pair-royal. Faire —; (fam.) to sweep off the stakes; to sweep off everything, to make a clean sweep.

rafler, v.a., (fam.) to sweep away, to sweep off, to carry off.

☉raflouer, v.a., (nav.). V. renflouer.

rafraîchir, v.a., to cool; to refresh, to restore, to invigorate, to repair, to recruit, to renew, to freshen, to freshen up, to renovate, to rub up, to crop, to cut, to trim (cut the ends of); (milit.) to relieve; to rest. — du vin; to cool wine. — le sang; to refresh the blood. — un tableau; to clean up, or freshen up, a picture. — une tapisserie; to restore a piece of tapestry. — les cheveux; to clip the hair. — la mémoire; to refresh one’s memory. — une muraille; to repair a wall. — une place; to supply a garrison with fresh men and provisions. Ces troupes sont fatiguées, il faut les mettre dans de bons quartiers pour les —; these troops are worn out, they must be sent into good quarters to rest. — la mémoire à quelqu’un; to remind any one of a thing.

se rafraîchir, v.r., to cool, to grow cool, to become cool; to take refreshment, to refresh one’s self; to be refreshed; to recruit one’s self; to recruit one’s strength, to rest one’s self. Venez vous rafraîchir; come and take some refreshment. Le vent se rafraîchit; the wind is freshening.