A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (continued 9)

courir, v.a., to run after, to pursue; to travel over; to hunt; to frequent; to infest; to expose one’s self, to run, to take. — les rues; to run about the streets. — la pretantaine; to gad about. — les bals, les théâtres; to frequent balls, theatres. — le pays; to rove, to stroll about. — le monde; to travel. Être fou à — les rues or les champs; to be as mad as a March hare. — la poste; to do a thing precipitately. — sa vingtième année; to be in one’s twentieth year. — le plat pays, la mer; to be a pirate. — le même lièvre; to be engaged in the same pursuit. — même fortune; to be in the same boat.

courlieu or courlis, n.m., (orni.) curlew.

couronne, n.f., crown, coronet; wreath; (anat., arch., astron., conch., hort., hunt.) crown; crown (of the teeth); crown (a coin); (vet.) coronet; (fort.) crown work; (of paper) large foolscap; (of a lamp) chimney-holder. — civique; civic crown. — d’épines; crown of thorns. La — du martyre; the crown of martyrdom. Décerner une —; to award a wreath. — impériale; (bot.) crown-imperial. — de pieu; head of a stake. — des blés; rose-campion. Domaine de la —; crown-lands. C’est le plus beau fleuron de sa —; it is the brightest jewel in his crown. Traiter de — à —; to treat as from sovereign to sovereign. — matrimoniale; (hist. of Scotland) matrimonial crown.

couronné, -e, part., crowned, capped; encompassed; (vet.) broken-kneed; (arch.). Arbre —; tree the top of which is withering. Cheval —; broken-kneed horse.

couronnement (koo-ro-n-mān), n.m., crowning, coronation; completion; crowning, coping (of walls); cap (of blocks); (nav.) taffrail of a ship.

couronner, v.a., to crown; to decree a crown; to award a prize; to wreath; (arch.) to cap. — de fleurs; to crown with flowers. La fin couronne l’œuvre; all’s well that ends well.

se couronner, v.r., to be crowned, to wear a crown; to begin to wither at the top (of trees); to be broken-kneed, to come down (of a horse).

couronnure, n.f., crown (on a stag’s head).

courre, n.m., (hunt.) starting-place; hunting or coursing country.

courre, v.a., (hunt.) to run; to hunt. Laisser —; to slip the hounds.

courrier, n.m., courier, post, post-boy; messenger. — de la malle; mail-cart driver. Jour de —; post-day. Par le — de ce jour; by to-day’s post. Par le retour du or par retour de —; by return of post. L’heure du —; post-time. Faire son —; to write one’s letters. Lire or dépouiller son —; to read one’s letters.

courrière, n.f., (l.u.) wanderer; forerunner, harbinger; messenger.

courroi, n.m., roller, tenter (used by dyers).

courroie, n.f., strap, thong; belt, band. Allonger la —; to make the most of one’s money. Serrer la — à quelqu’un; to curtail any one’s allowance. Lâcher la —; to give rein, to give rope.

courroucer, v.a., to provoke to anger, to incense; to irritate. Flots courroucés; angry waves.

se courroucer, v.r., to become angry.

courroux, n.m., wrath, anger, rage. Être en —; to be angry.

courroyage, n.m., tentering.

courroyer, v.a., to tenter, to stretch stuffs just dyed.

courroyeur, n.m., one who stretches stuffs just dyed.

cours, n.m., course, stream, current, running, vent, scope; public drive; vogue; currency (of coin); progress; continuation; term, space; lectures, course of lectures; (com.) market price; (nav.) voyage. Donner un libre — à sa fureur; to give full vent to one’s anger. Le — du soleil est d’orient en occident; the course of the sun is from east to west. Ce bruit a eu —; the rumor was current. Donner — à; to give currency to. Salle de —; lecture-room. Faire un —; to give a course of lectures. Suivre un —; to attend a course of lectures. Ce jeune homme a fini ses —; this young man has finished his studies. — d’eau; stream; watercourse. — de ventre; looseness of the bowels. Avoir son —; to take its course (of a disease). — légal; legal tender. Dernier —; closing price. Premier —; opening price. Obtenir le —; (com.) to command a price. Voyage de long —; ocean travel; voyage to foreign parts.

course, n.f., race, running; run; career; tilt; coursing, hunting, chase; cruise, cruising, incursion, privateering; journey, walk; excursion, jaunt; round, call, errand; tour; fare; course; (nav.) cruise; length of the stroke (of a piece of machinery). Il est léger à la —; he is a swift runner. Surpasser à la —; to outrun. — de bague; running at the ring. — de chevaux; horse-race. Champ de —; race-course. — au clocher; steeple-chase. Une — à pied; a foot-race. — de chars; chariot-race. — de haies; hurdle-race. Aller en —; to go upon a cruise. Vaisseau armé en —; ship armed for cruising, privateer. Être en —; to be out. Faire des —s; to go on errands, to pay calls. Faire une — à cheval; to take a ride. Faire une — à pied; to walk out on foot. Prendre un fiacre à la —; to take a hackney coach by the drive. Lutte à la —; foot-match.

coursier, n.m., charger, steed; (nav.) bow, bow-chase; float-board.

coursive, n.f., (nav.) waist; passage; half-deck.

courson, n.m., shoot cut down to three or four eyes; vine-shoot.

court, -e, adj., short; scanty; brief, concise, curt, succinct; narrow; limited. Être — d’argent; to be short of money. Avoir la vue —e; to be near-sighted. Il est revenu avec sa —e honte; he came back unsuccessful. Il veut la faire —e et bonne; he wishes to have a short but a merry life.

court, n.m., the shortest way. Savoir le — et le long d’une affaire; to know the long and the short of an affair. Prendre le plus —; to take the shortest way.

court, adv., short. S’arrêter tout —; to stop short. Tourner —; to turn short. Pour le faire —; to be short. Couper — à quelqu’un; to cut any one short. Demeurer tout —; to stop short. Tenir quelqu’un de —; to keep anyone under. Tout —; only that, and no more. À — de; short of.

courtage, n.m., (com.) business of a broker; brokerage, commission. — de change; bill-brokerage. Faire le —; to carry on the business of a broker.

courtaud, -e, adj., thick-set, dumpy; docked, crop-eared (of dogs, horses). Etriller quelqu’un en chien —; to give any one a good licking.

courtaud, n.m., -e, n.f., short, thick-set person. — de boutique; shop drudge, counter-jumper. [In the latter sense, courtaud is not used in the feminine.]

courtauder, v.a., to dock, to crop (horses, &c.).

*court-bouillon, n.m., (—s-—s) a wine sauce to boil fish in.

court-bouton, n.m., (—s-—s) peg (of a plow).

courte-botte, n.m., (—s-—s) shrimp of a fellow.

courte-boule, n.f., short bowls.

courte-haleine, n.f., shortness of breath, asthma.

courtement, adv., (l.u.) shortly, briefly.

*courte-paille, n.f., cut (wisp of straw). Tirer à la —; to draw cuts, lots.

courtepointe, n.f., counterpane, quilt.

courtepointier (-tié), n.m., quilt-maker.

courter, v.a., to buy and sell as a broker, to act as a commission agent.

courtier (-tié), n.m., broker; agent. — de change; bill-broker, money-broker. — non breveté, — marron; unlicensed broker. — maritime; ship-broker. — pour les denrées coloniales; colonial broker. — d’assurances, dictions; insurance, share, broker. — pour les sucres; sugar-broker. — de mariage; matrimonial agent. — electoral; electioneering agent; canvasser.

courtière, n.f., matrimonial agent, go-between.

courtil, n.m., croft (small field).

courtilière, n.f., mole-cricket.

*courtille, n.f., tea-gardens.

courtine, n.f., (fort.) curtain.

courtisan, n.m., courtier.

courtisane, n.f., courtesan.

courtisanerie, n.f., court flattery; toadyism.

courtisanesque, adj., courtier-like.

courtiser, v.a., to court, to pay court to, to woo, to flatter. — une femme; to make love to a woman.

court-jointé, -e, adj., (—-—s) short-jointed.

court-mancher, v.a., (cook.) to skewer.

court-monté, -e, adj., low-backed (of horses).

courtois, -e, adj., courteous, polite, well-bred. Armes —es; blunt arms.

courtoisement (-toaz-mān), adv., in a courteous manner, courteously.

courtoisie, n.f., courteousness, courtesy, kindness, good turn.

à courts jours, adv., having a few days to run (of bills). Lettre de change à —; bill which has but a few days to run.

court-vêtu, -e, adj., (—-—s) in short petticoats.

court-vite, n.m., (—). V. coure-vite.

couscous, n.m., (n.p.) couscous (Arabian dish).

couseuse, n.f., sewer, stitcher (of books).

cousin, n.m., -e, n.f., cousin; friend, crony. — germain; first cousin, cousin german. — au troisième degré; third cousin.

cousin, n.m., (ent.) gnat.

cousinage, n.m., relationship of cousins, relation, kindred.

cousiner, v.a., to call cousin.

se cousiner, v.r., to call one another cousin.

cousiner, v.n., to spunge, to live on others, to be friends, cronies.

cousinerie (koo-zi-n-rî), n.f., host of cousins.

cousinière, n.f., gnat-veil, mosquito-net.

cousoir, n.m., (book-bind.) sewing-press.

coussin, n.m., cushion, hassock; pad; (min., surg.) bolster. — de mire; bed of a cannon.

coussinet, n.m., small cushion; pad; iron wedge; (surg.) bolster; (arch.) cushion; (railways) chair; pillion (of saddles); (bot.) whortleberry; cranberry.

cousu, -e, part., sewed, stitched; seamed; closed. Ses finesses sont cousues de fil blanc; his tricks are very shallow. Bouche cousue; mum’s the word. Être — d’argent; to be rolling in money.

coût, n.m., (jur.) cost, charge; price, expense.

coûtant, adj., of the cost. Prix —; prime cost.

couteau, n.m., knife; ☉short sword, dagger. — à découper, — à dépecer; carving-knife. A —x tirés; at daggers drawn. — pliant; clasp-knife. — à ressort; spring-knife. — à deux tranchants; two-edged knife. Planche à —x; knife-board. Donner un coup de — à quelqu’un; to stab anyone with a knife. Aiguiser ses —x; to prepare for the engagement. — poignard; dagger-knife. Ils en sont à —x tirés; they are at daggers drawn.

coutelas (koo-tlâ), n.m., cutlass.

coutelier, n.m., cutler.

coutelière, n.f., knife-case; cutler’s wife.

coutellerie (koo-tèl-rî), n.f., cutler’s shop; cutlery, cutler’s ware.

coûter, v.n., to cost; to stand in; to be expensive; to be painful, troublesome, mortifying; to be an effort, a trial. Il lui en coûte beaucoup de dire cela; it is very painful to him to say that. L’argent ne lui coûte rien; he knows not the value of money. Que coûte-t-il de souhaiter? there is nothing so easy as wishing. Tout lui coûte; everything is an effort to him. Coûte que coûte; come what may, at any price. Rien ne lui coûte; he spares no trouble; he sticks at nothing.

coûter, v.a., to cost. Cela lui coûta la vie; that cost her her life, or him his life.

coûteusement, adv., expensively.

coûteu-x, -se, adj., expensive, costly.

coutier (-tié), n.m., tick-maker.

coutil (koo-ti), n.m., ticking, duck. Fil de —; drill.

coutre, n.m., plow-share, coulter; (nav.) cutter.

coutrier, n.m., subsoil-plow.

coutume, n.f., custom; habit; practice, usage; ☉tax; collection of customs. Selon ma —; according to my custom. Comme de —; as usual. Avoir — de; to be accustomed to. Une fois n’est pas —; once does not constitute a habit; one swallow does not make a summer.

coutumi-er, -ère, adj., common, ordinary, customary; accustomed, used; wonted, habitual. Pays —; country governed by common law. Il est — du fait; it is not the first time he has done it; he is an old offender, an old hand.

☉coutumier, n.m., customary (book of common law).

couture, n.f., seam; sewing, stitching; scar. Rabattre les —s; to flatten the seams. Ils ont été battus à plate —; they were beaten hollow. — ouverte; (nav.) open seam.

couturer, v.a., to seam. Il a le visage couturé; his face is seamed, scarred.

couturier, n. and adj. m., (anat.) sartorious muscle; tailor’s muscle; sempster, sewer; ladies’ tailor.

couturière, n.f., dressmaker, seamstress, needle-woman.

couvage, n.m., brooding, sitting.

couvain, n.m., eggs of bees, or of bugs; breeding-cells, etc.

couvaison, n.f., brooding-time, sitting.

couvée, n.f., nest of eggs; brood, covey; (b.s.) generation, progeny. D’une —; at one brood.

couvent, n.m., convent, monastery, nunnery.

couver, v.a., to sit on, to hatch; to brood on, to incubate, to brood, to brew. — quelqu’un des yeux; to look tenderly at anyone; to devour with one’s eyes; to gloat over. — de mauvais desseins; to brew evil designs. — une maladie; to be sickening for an illness.

se couver, v.r., to brood, to sit, to lie hid, to hatch.

couver, v.n., to brood, to sit, to lie hid; to lurk; to smolder; to prepare secretly.

couvercle, n.m., cover, lid; (tech.) cap, shutter.

couverseau, n.m., drum-cover (of a mill).

couvert, n.m., dinner things; breakfast things; cover (plate, spoon, knife, and fork); case (containing a spoon, knife, and fork); shelter; covert, shady place, thicket; cover, wrapper. Mettre le —; to lay the cloth. Ôter le —; to remove the cloth, to clear the table. Donner le — à quelqu’un; to shelter anyone. Table de dix —s; table laid for ten. Un — de plus; another knife and fork.

couvert, -e, part., covered; (fort.) covered, hid, hidden, secret; close, concealed; cloudy, overcast (of the weather); obscure, ambiguous (of words); clad, deep-colored (of wine). — de plaies; covered with sores. Il est toujours ben —; he is always well clothed. Mots —s; ambiguous words. À mots —s; in innuendoes. Pays —; woody country. Chemin —; (fort.) covert-way. Lieu —; shady place. Temps —; cloudy weather. À —; under cover; sheltered, secure. Se mettre à —; to shelter one’s self. Être à —; have good security, to be safe.

couverte, n.f., glaze, glazing.

☉couvertement, adv., covertly, secretly.

couverture, n.f., cover (of a book); wrapper; coverlet, counterpane, quilt, bed-clothes; blanketing; rug, cloak, blind; (com.) guaranty, security. — de laine; blanket. — de cheval; horse-cloth. — piquée; quilt. — de selle; saddle-cloth. Faire la —; to turn down the bed.

couverturier, n.m., blanket-maker.

couvet, n.m., earthenware foot-stove.

couveuse, n.f., brooding-hen.

couvi, adj., addle, addled. Œuf —; rotten egg.

couvoir, n.m., incubator.

couvre-chef, n.m., (—-—s) covering for the head, headgear, head-dress, kerchief.

couvre-feu, n.m., (—) curfew, curfew-bell; fire-cover, fire-plate.

couvre-lumière, n.m., (—-—s) (artil.) apron.

couvre-pieds, n.m., (—) foot-coverlet.

couvre-plat, n.m., (—-—s) dish-cover.

couvreur, n.m., tiler, slater. — en ardoise; slater. — en chaume; thatcher. — en tuiles; tiler.

couvrir, (couvrant couvert), v.a., to cover; to envelop; to wrap up; to muffle up; (com., milit.) to cover; (of horse) to serve, to leap; to excuse, to palliate; to defray (expenses); to overflow, to overspread; to overrun; to protect; to copulate; to cloak, to keep secret, to disguise. — un toit; to roof. — de honte; to load with shame. — sa faute; to palliate one’s fault. Un bon général doit savoir — sa marche; a good general should know how to conceal his march.

se couvrir, v.r., to cover oneself, to put on one’s hat, to be covered; to cover or defend oneself; to conceal oneself; to get under cover; to be overcast (of the weather); to reimburse oneself. Couvrez-vous; put your hat on. Le temps se couvre; the weather is becoming overcast.

covenant (kov-nān), n.m., covenant.

covenantaire, n.m., covenanter.

covendeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., joint-vendor.

cowpox, n.m., cow-pox.

coxal, adj., (anat.) of the hip, coxal, iliac.

crabe, n.m., crab.

crabier, n.m., crab-eater.

crac, int., creaking noise, crack, pop! —! le voilà parti; he was off in the twinkling of an eye! or before you could say Jack Robinson! Monsieur de —; Baron Munchausen.

crachat, n.m., spittle, expectoration; slight materials (of buildings); star, grand cross.

crachement (krash-mān), n.m., spitting. — de sang; spitting of blood.

craché, -e, part. adj. Tout —, toute —e; the very image of; the dead spit of.

cracher, v.a., to spit, to spit out, to utter, to come out with; to come down with, to fork out (money). — du coton; (pop.) to have a thirst on.

cracher, v.n., to spit, to sputter (of speech, of pens). — au bassin; to contribute. — au nez, au visage, de quelqu’un; to spit in anyone’s face. — en l’air; to be hoist with one’s own petard. C’est à — dessus; it is a mean, despicable thing.

cracheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., spitter.

crachoir, n.m., spittoon.

crachotement, n.m., frequent spitting.

crachoter, v.n., to spit often.

craie, n.f., chalk. Marquer avec de la —; to chalk.

craïer, n.m., (nav.) pole-masted vessel.

craillement, n.m., cawing (of crows).

crailler, v.n., to caw.

craindre (craignant, craint), v.a., to fear, to apprehend; to be afraid of, to dread, to stand in awe or fear of; to be afraid; to dislike; to be unable to bear. Il craint d’être découvert; he is afraid of being discovered. Il craint que sa femme ne meure; he fears his wife will die. Je ne crains pas de le dire; I do not hesitate to say so. Ces arbres craignent le froid; these trees dread the cold. Se faire — de quelqu’un; to be held in dread by anyone. À —; to be feared; dangerous; to be avoided.

crainte, n.f., fear, dread, awe, apprehension. Retenir quelqu’un par la —; to keep any one in awe. Sans —; fearlessly. Avec —; fearfully, in terror, in dread. — de, de — de; for fear of. De — que; for fear of; for fear that, lest. De — d’être surpris; for fear of being surprised. De — qu’il ne le fasse; lest he should do it.

crainti-f, -ve, adj., fearful, apprehensive, timid, timorous, cowardly.

craintivement, adv., fearfully, timorously.

*cramailler, n.m., (horl.) notch-wheel.

crambe or crambé, n.m., (bot.) colza, sea kale.

cramoisi, n.m., crimson.

cramoisi, -e, adj., crimson; red, scarlet.

crampe, n.f., cramp; cramp-fish, numb-fish; (nav.) cramp-iron; hook of a block. Avoir des —s d’estomac; griping; cramping. Tirer sa —; (pop.) to bolt, to run away.

crampon, n.m., (bot.) fulcrum, prop; (farriery) calkin; (hort.) climbing-spur; (mach.) click; cramp-iron, cramp-hook; hold-fast; grappling iron; brace. — de fer à cheval; frost-nails of a horseshoe.

cramponné, -e, part., clinging to; (her.) having half a potence at both ends, cramponee; (farriery) with calkins.

cramponner, v.a., to cramp, to fasten with a cramp-iron. — un cheval; to shoe a horse with frost-nails, calkins.

se cramponner, v.r., to cling, to hold fast, to fasten to anything; to cling like grim death to.

cramponnet, n.m., little cramp-iron, tack, loop. — de targette; lock staple.

cran, n.m., notch; cog; (bot.) scurvy-grass, cochlearia, horse-radish; (print.) nick; (vet.) notch, ridge. D’un —; by a notch. Baisser d’un —; to take a peg lower. Monter d’un —; to rise a peg higher.

crâne, n.m., skull, brain-pan, cranium; (pop.) madcap, swaggerer, blusterer. adj., bold, brave; famous, capital, spicy.

crânement, adv., swaggeringly; capitally, in style, famously, fearlessly, unblushingly.

crânerie (crâ-n-rî), n.f., (pop.) swaggering, blustering, vaporing.

crangon, n.m., shrimp.

craniologie or cranologie, n.f., craniology.

craniologique, adj., craniological.

craniologiste, n.m., craniologist.

craniomètre, n.m., craniometer.

craniométrie, n.f., craniometry.

craniométrique, adj., craniometrical.

cranioscopie, n.f., cranioscopy.

cranologie, n.f. V. craniologie.

cranson, n.m., scurvy-grass. — rustique; horse-radish.

crapaud, n.m., toad; urchin, brat, fellow; low-seat chair; (artil.) mortar-carriage; (vet.) crepane, maltworm. La bave d’un —; toad-spittle. C’est un vilain —; he is a mean, despicable fellow. Il est chargé d’argent comme un — de plumes; all the money he has he can put in his eye. — de gouvernail; (nav.) goose-neck. — de mer; toad-fish; hog-fish. — pécheur; fishing frog. — volant; churn-owl. — de timon; pole-end (of a carriage).

*crapaudaille, n.f., a gang of vagabonds, riff-raff. V. crépodaille.

crapaudière, n.f., toad-hole; (fig.) low, swampy place.

crapaudine, n.f., (min.) bufonite, toad-stone, wolf’s-tooth; leaden grating; valve of an escape pipe; (vet.) crepane, crack; (bot.) sideritis, iron-wort; (mec.) socket. À la —; cut open and broiled; spatch-cocked.

crapelet, n.m., young toad; toadlet.

crapone, n.f., (horl.) square flat file.

crapoussin, n.m., -e, n.f., scrubby little man or woman, dwarf, bloated little shrimp.

crapule, n.f., low vulgar debauchery; intemperance; gluttony, drunkenness; low, debauched people; blackguards.

crapuler, v.n., to live in vice, to fuddle or drink hard, to give one’s self up to all sorts of low debauchery.

crapuleusement, adv., dissolutely.

crapuleu-x, -se, adj., drunken, intemperate, vulgar, debauched; grossly vicious, dissolute.

craque, n.f., fib, humbug, fudge, bouncer. int., crack, bang.

craquelé, -e, adj., crackled, fissured (of china).

craqueler, v.n., to crack; to crackle (of china).

craquelin (kra-klin), n.m., cracknel.

craquelot (kra-klo), n.m., red-herring.

craqueloti-er, n.m., -ère (kra-klo-tièr), n.f., herring-curer.

craquelure, n.f., fissure, crack (in china).

craquement (krak-mān), n.m., crack, cracking noise, crunching; crepitation, creaking, snapping (of trees, boughs). Un — de dents; a chattering of the teeth.

craquer, v.n., to creak, to crunch, to crack, to crackle, to snap; to chatter (of the teeth); to tell a lie, to boast, to draw the long bow. Faire — ses doigts; to make one’s fingers snap.

craquerie, n.f., cracking, boasting, drawing the long bow, fiction, story, fib, fudge.

craquètement, n.m., crackling; gabbling (of the stork and other birds).

craqueter (kra-kté), v.n., to crackle, to crepitate; to gabble (of some birds). Le laurier craquète au feu; laurel crackles in the fire.

craquette, n.f., notch (of a tailor); scum (on melted butter).

craqueu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., noisy, boasting fellow; bouncer, braggart.

crase, n.f., (gram.) crasis, contraction of two syllables into one; (med.) crasis.

crasiologie, n.f., crasiology.

crassane, n.f., cresane (a sort of pear).

crasse, n.f., dirt, filth, scurf; squalor; niggardliness, stinginess; coat of filth, layer of dirt; rusticity, bad manners; (of coals) ashes, cinders. — de la tête; dandruff. La — des métaux; the dross, scum, scale, of metals.

crasse, adj., gross, thick, coarse, crass. Une ignorance —; gross or crass ignorance.

crasser, v.a., to foul, to dirty (of fire-arms).

se crasser, v.r., to become foul (of fire-arms).

crasseu-x, -se, adj., dirty, filthy, nasty, squalid, rusty; sordid, stingy, mean. Cheveux —; greasy hair.

crasseu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., sloven, slut; niggard, miser, skinflint. Un —; a filthy fellow.

crassule, n.f., (bot.) crassula.

cratère, n.m., (geol.) crater; (antiq.) bowl, cup; (astron.) Crater, Cup.

craticulation, n.f., (paint.) squaring.

craticuler, v.a., (paint.) to square. V. graticuler.

cratirites, n.f.pl., wild Grecian figs.

craupécherot or corbeau pêcheur, n.m., (orni.) bald-buzzard, osprey, fishing-eagle.

cravache, n.f., horsewhip, riding-whip.

cravan, n.m., (orni.) brent-barnacle, brand-goose, brent.

cravate, n.f., cravat, neck-tie, neckcloth, neckerchief; (of curtains) band. — d’un drapeau; knot of a flagstaff. — longue; scarf.

cravate, n.m., Croat; Croatian horse. Régiment de —s; formerly regiment of light cavalry; regiment of Croats. adj., Croatian. Cheval —; Croatian horse.

cravater, v.a., to put any one’s neck-tie on for him; to go round the neck; to fit.

se cravater, v.r., to put on one’s neck-tie.

crayère, n.f., chalk-pit.

crayeu-x, -se, adj., chalky.

crayon, n.m., chalk; pencil; pencil drawing, portrait in crayons; description of a person, manner, style; sketch, rough-draft, outline. — noir; blacklead-pencil. — d’ardoise; slate-pencil. — de pastel; pastel, crayon. Affûter un —, donner une pointe à un —; to point a pencil. Au —; in pencil.

crayonner, v.a., to draw with a pencil; to sketch rudely or imperfectly; to sketch, to trace the outline, to chalk, to delineate; to paint badly.

crayonneur, n.m., (b.s.) dauber.

crayonneu-x, -se, adj., chalky.

cré, adj., abbreviation of sacré.

créadier, n.m., sort of drag-net.

créance, n.f., credence, credit, trust, belief; debt, money owing; influence; (hunt.) command. Lettres de —; letter of credence, credentials. Lettre de —; letter of credit. Donner — à une chose; to give credit to a thing. Chien de bonne —; dog well in hand. Oiseau de peu de —; (hawking) bird that will not come back to its master.

créanci-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., creditor; (jur.) covenantee, obligee. — hypothécaire; mortgagee. — importun; dun.

créat, n.m., (man.) riding-master’s assistant.

créateur, n.m., creator, maker.

créat-eur, -rice, adj., creative, creating, inventive. Il a le génie —; he has an inventive genius.

créatine, n.f., (chem.) creatine.

création, n.f., creation; production; foundation; establishment.

créature, n.f., creature; thing; dependant, tool.

☉crébèbe, n.m. V. cubèbe.

crécelle, n.f., rattle.

crécerelle, n.f., (orni.) kestrel, windhover.

crèche, n.f., crèche, manger, crib; day-nursery; foundling-hospital; (arch.) starling.

crédence, n.f., credence, credence-table; buttery, pantry, safe.

crédencier, n.m., pantler, clerk of the buttery, buttery-keeper.

crédibilité, n.f., credibility.

crédit, n.m., credit; trust; authority, interest, influence, patronage, sway, power; repute, esteem, name, vogue, favor, request. Lettre de —; letter of credit. Faire —, vendre, donner, à —; to credit, to give trust, to give credit. Ouvrir un — à quelqu’un; to open an account with any one. Il a bon —; his credit is good. Avoir — en banque; to have funds in the bank. Faire — de la main à la bourse; to trust no farther than one can see. — est mort; old Trust is dead. Cela l’a mis en —; that brought him into repute. Être en grand —; to be in high repute. À —; on credit, on trust; to no purpose; gratuitously, without proof, without ground, at random. Avoir du —; to have influence.

créditer, v.a., to trust; to enter upon the credit side (of an account), to credit. Être crédité sur une ville; to have letters of credit on a town.

créditeur, n.m., creditor.

créditeur, adj. Compte —; creditor’s account.

credo, n.m., (—) creed, belief.

crédule, adj., credulous, easy of belief.

crédulement, adv., with credulity, credulously.

crédulité, n.f., credulity.

créer, v.a., to create; to invent; to imagine; to produce; to beget; to appoint; to establish. — un chevalier; to dub a knight. — une rente; to invest funds for an annuity. Se — des moyens; to find means. Se — des ressources; to find resources.

*crémaillère, n.f., hook, pot-hanger, pot-hook; (horl.) rack; (tech.) rack, toothed rack. La — d’une cric; the rack of a screw-jack. Chaise à —; spring-back chair. Pendre la —; to give a house-warming. Aller pendre la —; to go to a house-warming.

*crémaillon, n.m., small pot-hook.

crémaster, n. and adj. m., (anat.) cremaster.

crémation, n.f., cremation.

crème, n.f., cream; the best part of a thing, the cream. — fouettée; whipt cream. Fromage à la —; cream-cheese. — de tartre; cream of tartar. Pot à —; cream-jug.

crément, n.m., (gram.) increase (of a word).

crémer, v.n., to cream, to gather cream.

crémerie, n.f., milk-shop, dairy.

crémeu-x, -se, adj., creamy.

crémi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., milkman, milk-woman; dairy man or woman. f., cream-jug, milk-jug.

*crémillée, n.f., ward (of a lock).

crémone, n.m., a Cremona violin.

crémone, n.f., window-fastening, spring.

crénage, n.m., (letter-founding) kerning.

créné, -e, adj., (bot.) crenated, indented.

créneau, n.m., battlement; embrasure; loop-hole.

crénelage, n.m., (coin.) milling.

crénelé, -e, part. adj., (her.) embattled; loop-holed; indented, notched; (of wheels) cogged; (of coins) milled; (bot.) denticulated, crenated.

créneler (kré-n-lé), v.a., to embattle; to loop-hole; to indent, to notch. — une roue; to tooth, to cog, a wheel. — une pièce de monnaie; to mill a piece of money.

crénelure (kré-n-lur), n.f., crenelation; notching; (anat.) indentation; (bot.) crenature; crenel.

créner, v.a., (type-founding) to kern.

crénerie, n.f., (type-founding) kerning.

crénilabre, n.m., (ich.) gold-finny.

crénom, int., by George! by Jove! hang it!

crénon, n.m., first splitting of a block of slate.

crénulé, -e, adj., notched, indentated; crenulate.

crénure, n.f., (print.) hole in the bar of a frame.

créole, n.m.f., Creole; West Indian.

créosote, n.f., (chem.) creosote.

crêpage, n.f., glossing of crape; crisping.

crêpe, n.m., crape; (fig.) vail. Il porte un — à son chapeau; he wears a crape hat-band. — crêpé; crisped crape. — lisse; smooth crape.

crêpe, n.f., pancake.

crêper, v.a., to crisp, to crape, to frizzle. Cheveux crêpés; frizzed hair.

crépi, n.m., rough-cast, parget.

saint-crépin, n.m., Saint Crispin; kit (of a journeyman shoemaker). Perdre son saint-—; to lose one’s all.

crépine, n.f., fringe (woven on the top); caul covering the bowels of sheep. À —; fringy.

crépir, v.a., to parget, to rough-cast, to plaster. — le cuir; to work leather in grain, to pummel a hide on the flesh side. — le crin; to crisp hair.

crépissage, n.m., (mas.) plastering, pargeting, rough-casting.

crépissement, n.m., pargeting, rough-casting; parget.

crépissure, n.f., pargeting, rough-casting.

crépitant, -e, adj., crepitating, crackling.

crépitation, n.f., or crépitement, n.m., crepitation, crackling.

crépodaille or crapaudaille, n.f., thin crape, gauze-crape.

crépon, n.m., crepon, frizette, rouge-puff, hair-pad.

crépu, -e, adj., crisped, frizzled, crisp, crispy, woolly. Les nègres ont les cheveux —s; negroes have woolly hair.

crépusculaire, adj., crepuscular. Lumière —; twilight.

crépuscule, n.m., crepuscule, twilight; dawn. — du soir; owl-light, twilight.

créque, n.f., sloe.

créquier, n.m., sloe tree.

cresane, n.f. V. crassane.

crescendo, adv., (mus.) crescendo.

créseau, n.m., species of woolen stuff, kersey.

cresserelle, n.f. V. crécerelle.

cresson, n.m., cress, cresses, water-cress. — alénois, de jardin; dittander; garden-cress. — doré; golden saxifrage. — des prés; lady’s smock. — sauvage; water-plantain. — de rivière; water-rocket.

cressonnière, n.f., cress-bed.

crésus, n.m., (—) very rich man. C’est un —; he is a very Crœsus.

crétacé, -e, adj., cretaceous.

crête, n.f., crest, tuft, comb of a cock or hen; top-knot; (anat.) ridge; (arch.) ridge; top; bank; coping. — de morue; head-piece (of a cod). Lever la —; to be conceited; to hold one’s head high. Baisser la —; to come down a peg. Rabaisser la — à quelqu’un; to bring anyone down a peg. — d’un fossé; bank on the side of a ditch. — d’une montagne; ridge of a mountain. — d’une grosse vague; crest of a billow. — marine; samphire. — de coq; cock’s-comb; hog’s-ear shell. Crête-de-coq, (—s-—) louse-wort.

crêté, -e, adj., crested, tufted.

crételer, v.n., (of hens) to cackle.

crétin, n.m., (med.) cretin; idiot, dunce. C’est un —; he is a dunce.

crétiniser, v.a., to brutalize, to brutify, to make an idiot of.

se crétiniser, v.r., to become brutified; to become stupid.

crétinisme, n.m., cretinism, idiocy.

crétique, adj., cretic.

crétois, -e, n. and adj., Cretan.

cretonne, n.f., fine linen, long-cloth, cretonne.

cretons, n.m.pl., residuum of melted tallow and kitchen-stuff; graves. — de lard; scrapings.

creusage, n.m., deepening, hollowing; plowing; digging.

creusement (kreuz-mān), n.m., (l.u.) digging; excavation, hollowing, deepening.

creuser, v.a., to dig, to delve; to hollow, to make hollow, to excavate, to scoop out; to sink, to deepen. — la terre; to dig the ground. — un fossé; to dig a ditch. — un puits; to sink a well. — une question; to examine a question thoroughly.

se creuser, v.r., to become hollow. Se — le cerveau; to rack one’s brain.

creuser, v.n., to dig. — sous terre; to dig underground. — bien avant; to dig deep.

creuset, n.m., crucible, melting-pot; (chem.) test, trial. Passer par le —; to assay, to refine.

creux, n.m., hollow, cavity; pit, hole, chasm; gutter, delve; mold; mortar, trough; pit of the stomach. — planté d’arbres; dell planted with trees. — profond dans une mine; groove in a mine. Le — de la main; the hollow of the hand. Il a un bon —; he has a fine bass voice. — d’un vaisseau (nav.); depth of a ship’s hold. — d’une voile; cavity of a sail (which retains the wind).

creu-x, -se, adj., hollow, cavernous; deep; empty, unsubstantial, airy, fantastical, chimerical, extravagant. Des yeux —; eyes sunk in the head. Avoir les joues —ses; to have hollow cheeks. Il a le ventre —; his belly is empty. Un fossé — de trois pieds; a ditch three feet deep. Esprit —; cerveau —; cracked-brain, empty head. Pensées —ses; airy notions. Viande —se; frothy, unsubstantial food. Songer —; to be in a brown study.

crevaille, n.f., guzzling, gormandizing, stuffing; tuck out, blow out.

crevaison, n.m., puncture (bicycle).

crevasse, n.f., crevice, chink, rift, crack; gap, cranny; (vet.) malt-worm, cratches. Des —s aux mains; chaps.

crevasser, v.a., to split, to crack; to chap; to make cracks.

se crevasser, v.r., to crack, to split, to gape, to become chapped.

crevé, n.m., -e, n.f., (l.ex.) very fat man; bloated fellow. Petit —; fast young fellow; one used up, done up.

crevé, n.m., opening, slash (in sleeves).

crève-cœur, n.m., (—) heart-break, heart-breaking thing, heart-sore; heart-rending thing.

crever, v.a., to burst, to break, to split, to crack, to rift, to tear, to rend; to stave in; to cram any one with victuals. — une botte; to burst a boot. — les yeux à quelqu’un; to put out any one’s eyes. — un cheval; to kill a horse. Cela vous crève les yeux; that lies under your very nose (i.e., is obvious, self-evident).

crever, v.n., to burst; to die, to perish. C’est une médecine à faire — un cheval; this medicine is enough to kill a horse. — de graisse; to be extremely fat. — de chaud; to be dying with heat. — de rire; to split one’s sides with laughing. — de faim; to be dying with hunger. — d’orgueil; to be bursting with pride. — de biens; to wallow in wealth.

se crever, v.r., to burst; to kill oneself. Se — de boire et de manger; to cram or stuff till one is ready to burst. Se — de travail; to overwork oneself.

crevet, n.m., stay-lace with tags at both ends.

crevette, n.f., prawn, shrimp.

cri, n.m., cry; scream; screaming; roar, roaring; bawling, howling, yell, yelling, outcry, clamor; whine, whining; squeak, squeaking; opinion. — de joie, — d’allégresse; shout, shouting, hallooing, huzza, acclamation. — aigre, aigu, perçant; scream, shriek, squeak, shrill cry. Les —s des femmes; the squalling of women. — de guerre; watchword. — d’armes; (her.) motto. Jeter un —, faire des —s, pousser un —; to utter a cry, to cry out lustily; to raise an outcry; to complain loudly. Demander à grands —s; to demand with a loud voice. Je poussai un grand —; I shrieked out. Jeter les hauts —s; to cry out. Le — de la nature; the voice of nature. Donner du — à la soie; to sulphur silk. À cor et à —s; with hue and cry. Il n’y a qu’un — sur son compte; there is only one opinion about him.

criage, n.m., public crying.

*criaillement, n.m., act of wrangling; brawling; (of geese) gabbling.

*criailler, v.n., to bawl, to brawl, to cry, to clamor; to scold, to chide; (of geese) to gabble.

*criaillerie, n.f., brawling, clamoring, scolding, wrangling.

*criailleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., brawler, bawler, wrangler; shrew, scold.

criant, -e, adj., crying; glaring, shocking, shameful; noisy. Injustice —e; crying, daring injustice.

criard, -e, adj., crying, bawling, squalling, noisy; brawling, clamorous, scolding; (paint.) discordant; shrill. Dettes —es; dribbling or small debts. Voix —e; shrill voice.

criard, n.m., -e, n.f., brawler, clamorer; scold, shrew.

criarde, n.f., thick gummed cloth; varnished cloth.

criblage, n.m., sifting.

crible, n.m., sieve; riddle. Percé comme un —; as full of holes as a sieve; riddled.

cribler, v.a., to sift, to riddle; to scan, to examine; to pepper (a person). — de coups; to shoot, run, or stab through and through. Criblé de mitraille; riddled with shot. Criblé de dettes; over head and ears in debt.

cribleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., sifter.

cribleu-x, -se, adj., (anat.) pierced like a sieve, sieve-like.

criblier, n.m., sieve-maker.

criblure, n.f., siftings.

cribration, n.f., (chem.) cribration.

cribriforme, adj., cribriform.

cric (krî), n.m., lifting-jack, screw-jack, hand-screw; little ratchet-wheel on which the braces of carriages are fixed. — à baril; tilting-jack.

cric-crac (krik-krak), (onomatopœia) imitation of the creaking noise produced by breaking or tearing.

cricoïde, n.m. and adj., (anat.) cricoid.

cri-cri, n.m., (—-—s) (pop.) (ent.) cricket; (ornith.) bunting.

crid (krid), n.m. V. criss.

criée, n.f., proclamation of sale; auction. Sa maison est en —; his house is to be sold by auction. Audience des —s; auction mart. À la —; by auction.

crier, v.n., to cry, to cry out, to halloo, to shout, to bawl; to scream, to shriek, to screech; to squall, to clamor; to squeak; to call out; to whine, to pule; to complain loudly, to brawl, to exclaim; to scold; to huzza, to talk loudly; to gabble (of geese); to screech (of owls); to troat (of deer); to chirp (of grasshoppers and other insects); to groan (of roe-bucks); to creak (of doors). — aux armes; to cry to arms. — au secours; to call out for help. — au meurtre; to cry out murder. — au voleur; to cry out thief. — au feu; to cry out fire. — à l’injustice; to exclaim against an injustice. — au scandale; to inveigh against a scandal. — gare; to cry out beware! take care. — misère; to plead poverty. — miséricorde; to cry for mercy. — famine; to cry out famine. — à tue-tête, comme un perdu; to cry out; to shriek at the top of one’s voice or as loud as one can. — bien fort; to cry out lustily. Les boyaux lui crient; his bowels rumble. Il crie avant qu’on l’écorche; he cries before he is hurt. Tout le monde crie contre cela; everybody cries out against it.

crier, v.a., to proclaim; to cry; to hawk; to put up for sale; to publish, to blazon. Cet enfant est perdu, il faut le faire —; the child is lost, we must have him cried. Faites — ce paquet de livres; put up this lot of books.

crierie (kri-rî), n.f., bawling, clamor; wrangling; scolding, brawling.

crieu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., bawling man or woman, squaller, bawler; crier; auctioneer; hawker. — public; town-crier.

crime, n.m., crime; sin, transgression, offense, felony; guilt, guiltiness, wickedness, sinfulness. — d’Etat; treason. — de lèse-majesté; high treason. — capital; capital offense, crime; (jur.) felony. — dénaturé; unnatural crime. — abominable; base, foul crime. — qualifié; indictable offense. Faire un — à quelqu’un de; to impute as a crime to any one. Être porté au —; to be prone to crime. Endurci dans le —; hardened in crime.

criminaliser, v.a., to remove a cause from a civil to a criminal court.

criminaliste, n.m., writer on criminal law.

criminalité, n.f., criminality.

criminel, -le, adj., criminal, felonious, guilty, unlawful. Juge —; a judge that tries criminal cases. Chambre —le, cour —le; criminal court.

criminel, n.m., -le, n.f., criminal, culprit, offender, felon. m., criminal affair, proceedings before a criminal court. — d’état; state criminal. Au —; in criminal matters, criminally.

criminellement (-nèl-mān), adv., criminally, culpably, guiltily.

crin, n.m., hair (of the mane and tail of the horse and other animals); horse-hair; abrupt termination of a metallic vein. Un sommier or matelas de —; horse-hair mattress. Se prendre aux —s; to seize one another by the hair. A tous —s; with flowing mane and tail; (fig.) a zealous, indefatigable worker.

crinal, n.m., (surg.) Anel’s probe.

crincrin, n.m., (onomatopœia), screeching fiddle; scraper; scraping (of fiddles).

crinier, n.m., horse-hair worker, chair stuffer.

crinière, n.f., lion’s mane, horse’s mane. Vilaine —; ugly head of hair; shock.

crinoline, n.f., crinoline.

crinon, n.m., crinodes. (pl.)

criocère or porte-croix, (—) n.m., (ent.) crioceris.

crique, n.f., creek, cove; flaw, crack.

criquer, v.n., to crack, to chink (of metals).

criquet, n.m., bad horse, tit; little man; (ent.) gryllus, locust.

crise, n.f., crisis; fit, convulsion. L’affaire est dans sa —; the matter is come to a crisis. — de nerfs; fit of hysteria.

crispation, n.f., crispation, shriveling; thrilling sensation. Donner des —s à quelqu’un; to put any one on thorns.

crisper, v.a., to shrivel, to contract, to make shrink; to thrill, to make thrill, to thrill through; to irritate (the nerves); to give any one the fidgets, to fidget.

se crisper, v.r., to shrivel, to shrivel up.

crispin, n.m., valet (in Molière’s comedies). C’est un —; he looks like a valet. Jouer les —s; (thea.) to perform the parts of valets.

criss, n.m., creese, Malay dagger.

crissement, n.m., grating of the teeth.

crisser, v.n., to grate (of the teeth).

cristal, n.m., (cristaux) crystal. pl., crystal ware, cut glass dishes, — de roche; rock crystal. — de mine; quartz. Le — de l’eau; the limpidity of water. Le Palais de —; the Crystal Palace.

cristallerie (-tèl-rî), n.f., glass-cutting; crystal manufactory; glass-house, glassworks.

cristallier, n.m., glass-cutter.

cristallière, n.f., crystal mine.

cristallin, -e, adj., crystalline; pellucid.

cristallin, n.m., (anat.) crystalline lens; (astron.) crystalline heaven.

☉cristallin, n.m., colored transparent crystals.

cristallisable, adj., crystallizable.

cristallisant, -e, adj., (chem.) crystallizing.

cristallisation, n.f., crystallizing, crystallization.

cristalliser, v.a. and n., to crystallize; to be converted into crystal. — la soie; to let the alum settle upon the silk.

se cristalliser, v.r., to crystallize; to candy.

cristallisoir, n.m., crystallizing-pan, crystallizer.

cristallographie, n.f., crystallography.

cristalloïde, n.f., crystalloid membranous capsule containing the crystalline lens of the eye.

cristallotechnie (-tèk-nî), n.f., art of crystallizing salts.

crístallotomíe, n.f., the art of cutting crystals.

criste-marine, n.f. V. passe-pierre.

criterium (-om), n.m., criterion, standard, test; touchstone. L’évidence est le — de la vérité; evidence is the criterion of truth.

critiquable, adj., that may be criticised, censurable; exceptionable.

critique, n.m., critic; censurer, censorious person, carper. — fâcheux; fault-finder.

critique, n.f., criticism, censure; science of criticism, critique; critical taste. La —; the critics. Faire de la —; to write criticisms. Faire la — d’un ouvrage; to criticise, to review, a work.

critique, adj., critical; censorious, carping, censuring; alarming; ticklish; momentous. Humeur —; censorious temper. Signes —s; critical symptoms. Pouls —; alarming pulse.

critiquer, v.a., to criticise, to examine; to censure, to reflect on, to blame, to find fault with.

critiqueur, -se, n.m.f., criticiser, fault-finder, carper.

croassement (kro-as-mān), n.m., croak, croaking, cawing (of crows).

croasser, v.n., to croak, to caw (of crows).

croate, n.m.f. and adj., Croatian.

croc (krô), n.m., hook; crook, grapnel, drag; fang, tusk; canine tooth; dog-tooth; tooth; (l.u.) curling moustache; (nav.) boat-hook. — de batelier; waterman’s pole. — de candelette; hook of the forecastle. — à trois branches; grapnel with three hooks. — de capon; cat-hook. — de palan; tackle-hook. Mettre, pendre, au —; to put, to lay, on the shelf, to lay by. Mettre les armes au —; to give up the army. Moustaches en —; curling moustache.

croc (krock), n.m., crackling, crackling noise. Faire — sous la dent; to crackle under the teeth.

croc-en-jambe (kro-kān-), n.m., (—s-—) trip up; Cornish hug; dirty trick. Donner un — à quelqu’un; to trip up anyone’s heels; to supplant anyone, to play anyone a dirty trick.

croche, adj., crooked, bent. Avoir la main —; (fig.) to be grasping.

croche, n.f., (mus.) quaver. Double —; semiquaver. Triple —; demi-semiquaver. Quadruple —; hemi-demi-semiquaver. Chanter par —; to semiquaver.

crocher, v.a., to hook; to crook (card-teeth). — l’organeau d’une ancre; to fish up the anchor by the ring. Se —; to have a set-to; to come to blows.

crocher, v.n., (agri.) to produce, to bear. Les arbres crochent bien; the trees are full of bearers.

croches, n.f.pl., smith’s tongs.

crochet, n.m., hook; steelyard; two-pronged hoe; turn (on a road); (surg.) key, crotchet; (erpetology) fang; (arch.) crocket; (anat.) dog-tooth, canine tooth; (dental surg.) wire; ☉heart-breaker (of curls). pl., fangs, tusks; crotchets; braces. — d’une porte; hasp, clasp. Clou à —; tenter-hook. Des ouvrages au —; crotchet-work. Un — de diamants; a crotchet of diamonds. — de chiffonnier; stick with a hook at the end, used by rag-gatherers. Un — de serrurier; a pick-lock. — d’arbre; bearer. Broder au —; to crochet. — de porte-faix; porter’s knot. Être sur les —s de quelqu’un; to live at another person’s expense. Je suis ici sur mes —s; I live here upon my own hook. — d’armes; (nav.) hooks to support the small arms in a cabin. — de retraite; eye-bolts in the train of a gun-carriage. — de bittes; hooks to fasten the cross-piece to the bits. — d’épontilles; hasps of the stanchions between decks.

crochetable, adj., (of locks) pickable.

crochetage (krosh-taj), n.m., porterage, lock-picking.

crocheter (krosh-té), v.a., to pick a lock, to do crochet-work.

se crocheter, v.r., (pop.) to fight (like blackguards).

crocheteur, n.m., porter, street-porter. Injures de —; billingsgate abuse. — de serrure; picklock, housebreaker.

crochetier (-tié), n.m., hook-maker, clasp-maker; maker of porters’ knots.

crocheton, n.m., small hooks; crotchets.

crocheu, n.m., a tool to bend card-teeth,.

crochu, -e, adj., crooked, hooked. Il a les mains —es; he is light-fingered.

crocodile, n.m., crocodile. — d’Amérique; American crocodile, alligator. Larmes de —; hypocritical tears.

crocodiléen, n.m., crocodilian.

crocus (-kus), n.m., crocus, saffron.

croiler or croler, v.n., (hawking) to scour.

croire (croyant, cru), v.a., to believe, to credit, to give credit to; to have faith in, to trust to, to place reliance on; to be advised, persuaded; to think; to deem; to presume, to be of opinion. Je le crois bien; I really believe it. Je n’en crois rien; I don’t believe a word of it. Il le croit bonnement; he fairly believes it. Il ne croit point; he has no belief. — une chose trop légèrement; to believe something too easily. — conseil; to be advised. À l’en croire, tout est perdu; if he is to be believed, all is lost. J’en crois à peine mes yeux; I can hardly believe my eyes. S’il faut en — les apparences; if appearances are to be trusted. Je crois pouvoir le faire; I think I can do it. Croyez-vous qu’il le fasse? do you think he will do it? Je crois qu’il le fera; I think he will do it. Croyez-vous qu’il le fera? do you think he will do it? Je ne le crois pas; I do not think he will. Il est à — qu’il le veut ainsi; it is to be presumed that he will have it so.

croire, v.n., to believe, to have faith in, to be a believer; to trust; to credit; to be of opinion; to think; to consider. — en Dieu; to believe in God. — aux revenants; to believe in ghosts. — aux miracles; to believe in miracles. Je crois bien; I should think so! no wonder! Je crois que non; I believe not. C’est à ne pas y —; it is past belief.

se croire, v.r., to think or believe one’s self, to consider one’s self; to be believed, to be credible. Cet homme se croit habile; that man thinks himself skillful. Cela peut se —; it is credible. Il s’en croit beaucoup; he thinks a great deal of himself. Il se croit tout permis; he thinks he may do anything.

croisade, n.f., crusade; (astron.) Southern Cross, Crosier.

croisé, -e, part., crossed; cross (of the breeds of animals); twilled, double-milled (of cloth); (min.) promiscuous. Serge —e; kersey. Demeurer, se tenir, les bras —s; to sit with folded arms, to do nothing. Avoir les jambes —es; to sit cross-legged. Feux —s; cross fire. Rimes —s; alternate rhymes.

croisé, n.m., Crusader; twill; crossing (a step in dancing). Chassé —; (fig.) change of places.

croisée, n.f., window; casement, sash; (arch.) cross-aisle, transept; (print.) cross. — cintrée; arched window. —s d’ogives; pointed arches. — de l’ancre; cross of the anchor.

croisement (croaz-mān), n.m., act of crossing; crossing; cross-breeding (of animals).

croiser, v.a., to cross, to lay across or cross-wise, to set across, to cross out, to strike out, to efface; to thwart; to cross (breeds of animals). — quelqu’un; to cross one in his designs. Des races croisées; mixed breeds. Je l’ai croisé dans la rue; I passed him in the street.

croiser, v.n., to lap over; to cruise. — sur une côte; to cruise along a coast.

se croiser, v.r., to cross each other, to be crossed, to lie athwart each other; to intersect each other; to thwart one another; to take up the cross, to engage in the holy war. Ces deux courriers se sont croisés; these two messengers passed each other on the way.

croisette, n.f., crosswort; (her.) cresslet; (nav.) pin or bolt used as a fid to a flag-staff. — noire, grosse —; (bot.) cheese-rennet, ladies’ bed-straw.

croiseur, n.m., cruiser.

croisière, n.f., (nav.) cruise, cruising squadron; cruising latitude; sort of tool to mark sea-biscuit; (railways) intersection of two lines, siding.

*croisille, n.f., cross-piece.

*croisillon, n.m., cross-bar; sash-bar.

croissance, n.f., growth, increase; vegetation. — entière; full growth. Arrêter dans sa —; to stunt the growth of. Avoir pris toute sa —; to be full-grown.

croissant, n.m., crescent, the moon in her increase; short bout (of a violin); pruning-hook; hedge-bill, hedging-bill; (ich.) moon-fish; curtain-pin (in the form of a crescent). En —; lunated. Les cornes du —; the horns of the crescent. L’empire du —; the Crescent. — de cheminée; chimney-hook. — de pic or de gui; (nav.) throat or jaw of the gaff.

croissant, -e, adj., growing, increasing.

croisure, n.f., the length of the yards (of a ship); coat-staves; crossing, mill (in stuffs); (poet.) intermixture, mingling.

croît, n.m., increase (from breeding); growth.

croître (croissant, crû), v.n., to grow, to wax, to grow up, to grow tall, to spring up; to augment, to increase; to lengthen; to swell or swell out, to be swollen; to multiply, to be multiplied or increased; to be grown; to sprout, to shoot. — trop rapidement; to outgrow, to overgrow. Les jours commencent à —; the days begin to lengthen, to draw out. Elle ne fait que — et embellir; she grows handsomer every day.

croix, n.f., cross mark; rood; affliction, trouble, tribulation; star; (coin.) cross; (print.) dagger; (her.) cross. Sainte —; holy rood. Les bras d’une —; the bars of a cross. Mettre quelque chose en —; to put a thing cross-wise. Avoir les jambes en —; to sit cross-legged. Faire le signe de la —; to cross one’s self. On est allé au-devant de lui avec la — et la bannière; they went to meet him with cross and banner, with great ceremony. Il faut faire une — à la cheminée; we must make a cross on the chimney, we must score that up. Jouer à — et à pile; to play at head and tail, at pitch and toss. — de par Dieu, de Jésus; cross-row, criss-cross-row, primer, horn-book, alphabet. — de Saint André or de Bourgogne; St. Andrew’s-cross, saltier (her.). — de Saint Antoine; St. Anthony’s-cross. — de Lorraine; cross with two bars. Grand-—; knight grand-cross. Croix de chevalier; (bot.) caltrops, tribulus. — de Jérusalem; (bot.) lychnis Chalcedonica. — sur les câbles; (nav.) cross in the hawse. Mettre les vergues en —; to square the yards. — du Sud, — australe (astron.); Southern Cross, Crosier.

cromlech, n.m., (—s) cromlech.

cromorne, n.f., (mus.) krumhorn, cremona.

crône, n.m., (nav.) wheel-crane (on a wharf).

croquade, n.f., (paint.) rough sketch.

croquant, n.m., poor wretch, fellow; countryman; gristle. pl., name given to French peasants who rebelled under Henri IV and Louis XIII.

croquant, -e, adj., crisp, crackling, short, craunching. Biscuit —; hard biscuit. Caractère —; crispness.

croquante, n.f., crisp-tart; almond-cake. à la croque-au-sel, adv., with salt only; (fig.) as easily as possible.

croque-abeilles, n.m., titmouse.

croque en bouche, n.m., crisp sweetmeat; crisp cake.

☉croque-lardon, n.m.f., (—-—s) lick-spittle; (l.ex.) lick-dish, spunger; dinner-hunter.

croque-mitaine, n.m., (—-—s) old bogey, black bogey, bugbear.

croque-mort, n.m., (—-—s) undertaker’s man.

croque-note, n.m., (—-—s) sorry musician, scraper, strummer, crochet-monger.

croquer, v.n., to crackle between the teeth, to craunch, to scrunch. Être gentil à —; to be as pretty as you like.

croquer, v.a., to craunch; to devour, to eat hastily; to make the first sketch or rough draught of a drawing or picture, to sketch; to filch, to pilfer; (nav.) to hook or grapple anything. Il n’a fait que — ce poème; he has only written a sketch of the poem. — le marmot; to dance attendance.

croque-sol, n.m., (—-—s). V. croque-note.

croquet, n.m., crisp biscuit.

croquette, n.f., (cook.) croquette.

croqueur, n.m., devourer, gormandizer, glutton; (l.ex.) greedy-gut, greedy-guts.

*croquignole, n.f., fillip; cracknel.

*croquignoler, v.a., to fillip.

croquis, n.m., (paint.) rough draft, outline, sketch. Cahier de —; sketch-book. Faire le — d’une figure; to sketch a figure.

crosse, n.f., (of bishops) crosier; (of muskets) but-end; bat (to play with); cricket (game). Jouer à la —; to play at cricket.

crossé, -e, adj., crosiered. Un abbé — et mitré; a crosiered and mitred abbot.

crosser, v.a., to beat; to scold, to treat any one with contempt; to strike a ball with a bat.

crosser, v.n., to play at cricket; to bat.

crossette, n.f., (agri.) layer; (arch.) return, ear, elbow, ancone.

crosseur, n.m., cricket-player, cricketer, hockey-player.

*crossillon, n.m., the curled end of the crosier.

crotale, n.m., (antiq.) crotalum; (zoöl.) rattle-snake.

crotaphite, adj., n.m., (anat.) crotaphite.

crotte, n.f., dirt, mud, mire; dung. Il fait bien de la —; it is very dirty. Être dans la —; to be in a state of squalid misery. —s de brebis; treadles of sheep. —s de lapins; crotels of a rabbit. — de renard; scumber.

crotté, -e, part., dirty, muddy, squalid; wretched, sorry. — comme un barbet; as dirty as a pig. Un poète —; a paltry poet. Il fait bien — dans les rues; the streets are very dirty. — jusqu’à l’échine; with mud up to the eyes; draggle-tailed.

crotter, v.a., to dirt, to dirty, to bemire; to daggle, to draggle, to bedraggle; to splash, to spatter, to bespatter. Se —; to dirty one’s self; to get dirty; to draggle.

crottin, n.m., dung (of horses, sheep, etc.).

crou, n.m., (geol.) sandy, clayey soil.

crouchaut, n.m., crotch, floor-timbers of a boat or ship.

croulant, -e, adj., sinking, crumbling, ready to fall, tottering; tumbledown.

croulement (krool-mān), n.m., sinking, falling in or down (of a building); ruin.

crouler, v.n., to sink, to give way, to fall, to fall in, to crumble, to ruin; to go to ruin.

crouler, v.a., (nav.) to launch; (hunt.) to wag (said of stags when they are frightened). Le cerf croule la queue; the stag wags his tail.

☉se crouler, v.r., to fail in an enterprise; (fig.) to sink.

crouli-er, -ère, adj., quaggy, boggy, swampy, moving, shifting (of land).

croup (kroop), n.m., (med.) croup.

croupade, n.f., (man.) croupade.

croupal, -e, adj., pertaining to the croup; croupal.

croupe, n.f., croup, crupper, the buttocks (of a horse), rump; top or brow of a hill; (arch.) hip-roof; body (of an edifice). Cheval à — de mulet; narrow-rumped horse. Être, aller, monter, en —; to ride behind another. — d’église; half-cylinder roof. En —; behind.

croupé, -e, adj., with a rump, crupper. Cheval bien —; horse with a fine crupper.

☉à croupeton, adv., squatting.

croupi, -e, adj., stagnant, putrid, ditch (water). De l’eau —e; stagnant water, ditch-water.

croupiader, v.n., to cast anchor by the stern-cable.

croupier, n.m., croupier (at a gaming-table); partner (of a gambler).

croupière, n.f., saddle-tie, crupper; (nav.) stern-cable, stern-fast. Tailler des —s à quelqu’un; to cut out work for anyone; (milit.) to put to flight. Mouiller en —; to cast anchor by the stern.

croupion, n.m., rump. Parlement —; the Rump Parliament.

croupir, v.n., to stagnate; to lie, to wallow, to be sunk in. — dans le vice; to wallow in sin. — dans l’oisiveté; in idleness.

croupissant, -e, adj., standing, stagnating, putrescent.

croupissement, n.m., standing still, stagnation, putrefaction.

croupon, n.m., square hide, butt.

croustade, n.f., dish prepared with crusts.

croustillant, -e, adj., crisp, crusty.

*croustille, n.f., little crust, crust.

*croustiller, v.n., to bite, eat, or gnaw a crust, to munch.

*croustilleusement, adv., (fam., l.u.) comically, with mirth, pleasantly; smuttily.

*croustilleu-x, -se, adj., (fam., l.u.) droll, funny; smutty. Des contes —x; smutty tales.

croûte, n.f., crust; cake; coarse painting, daub; (med.) scab, scurf. La — de dessous; the under-crust. Casser une — avec quelqu’un; to take a crust with any one. Ne manger que des —s; to fare badly.

croûté, -e, adj., crusted, caked, crusty.

croûtelette (kroo-tlèt), n.f., little crust.

se croûter, v.r., to cake, to crust.

croûtier (-tīé), n.m., picture-broker, dealer in daubs or coarse paintings; dauber.

croûton, n.m., small crust; wretched dauber; (cook.) sippet.

croyable, adj., credible, believable, to be believed or credited; like, likely; reliable. Cela n’est pas —; that is not likely.

croyance, n.f., belief, creed, faith, persuasion; opinion; trust, credit. Fausse —; misbelief. La — des chrétiens; the belief of the Christians. La — des juifs; the Jewish creed. Cela passe toute —; that surpasses all belief.

croyant, n.m., -e, n.f., believer. Les vrais —s; true believers.

cru, n.m., growth; invention; making, fabrication. Boire du vin de son —; to drink wine of one’s own growth. Vin du —; wine of the country. Des fruits d’un bon —; fruit of a good soil. Cela n’est pas de son —; that thing is not of his own invention.

cru, -e, adj., raw, crude, uncooked; indigestible; unwrought, hard, blunt, harsh, coarse, rough; indecent, smutty, obscene, bawdy; undigested, unconcocted; stiff. Tout —; quite raw. Cuir —; undressed leather. Soie —e; raw silk. Métal —; raw metal, ore. Eau —e; hard water. Couleur —e; stiff color. Une lumière —e; a hard light.

à cru, adv., on the bare skin, next the skin. Botté or chaussé à —; wearing boots without stockings. Monter à cheval à —; to ride a horse bare-backed.

cruauté, n.f., cruelty, hardship. User de —; to be guilty of cruelty.

cruche, n.f., pitcher, jar, jug; stupid person, blockhead, booby, lout, dolt. Tant va la — à l’eau qu’à la fin elle se casse; the pitcher goes to the well once too often.

cruchée, n.f., pitcherful, jugful, jarful.

crucherie, n.f., (fam.) stupidity, silliness. Vous ne dites que des —s; you only talk utter nonsense.

cruchette, n.f. V. cruchon.

cruchon, n.m., little pitcher.

crucial, -e, adj., crucial, cross-like.

crucifère, n.f. and adj., (bot.) cruciferous plant; cruciferous. pl., cruciferæ.

crucifiement or crucifîment (-mān), n.m., crucifixion.

crucifier, v.a., to crucify.

crucifix (-fi), n.m., crucifix, cross. Mangeur de —; great bigot. Galerie du —; rood-loft. Faire le demi —; (pop.) to beg.

crucifixion, n.f., crucifixion.

cruciforme, adj., cross-shaped, cross-like, cruciform.

crudité, n.f., crudity, crudeness, rawness; coarse expression; offensive, harsh words; (paint.) stiffness, crudeness; (of water) hardness.

crue, n.f., rise, swelling; growth, growing; increase, flood, inundation. La — des eaux; the swelling of the waters. — de mer; surge of the sea. Cet arbre a pris toute sa —; that tree has attained its full growth.

cruel, -le, adj., cruel, merciless, pitiless, ruthless, hard-hearted; relentless, remorseless; sanguinary, murderous, bloodthirsty; hard, inflexible, flinty; grievous, sad, tormenting. Il fait le —; he acts a cruel part. Elle n’est pas —le; she is not hard-hearted.

cruel, n.m., -le, n.f., cruel one.

cruellement (-èl-mān), adv., cruelly, barbarously; unmercifully, mercilessly, pitilessly, ruthlessly, grievously, severely, sorely.

☉cruentation, n.f., (med.) cruentation.

crûment, adv., bluntly, coarsely, roughly, inconsiderately, crudely.

cruor, n.m., (physiology) cruor.

crural, -e, adj., (anat.) crural.

crustacé, -e, adj., crustaceous.

crustacé, n.m., crustacean.

cruzade, n.f., cruzado, cruzade (Portuguese coin).

crypte, n.f., crypt. n.m., (bot., anat.) crypt.

cryptogame, n.f., (bot.) aphrodite, cryptogam.

cryptogame, adj., (bot.) cryptogamous.

cryptogamie, n.f., (bot.) cryptogamia.

cryptographie, n.f., cryptography.

cryptographique, adj., cryptographical.

crypto-portique, n.m., (—-—s) (arch.) cryptoporticus.

crystal. V. cristal.

c-sol-ut, n.m., (mus.) C. Cet air est en —; this tune is in C.

ct (ab. of courant), inst. (instant).

cᵗᵉ (ab. of comte), earl.

cᵗᵉˢˢᵉ (ab. of comtesse), countess.

cu, n.m., (very l.ex.) V. cul.

cubage, n.m., or cubature, n.f., cubature.

cubation, n.f., cubature.

cube, n.m., (geom., arith.) cube. Le — de deux est huit; the cube of 2 is 8.

cube, adj., (arith., geom.) cubic.

cubèbe, n.m., cubeba.

cuber, v.a., (geom., arith.) to cube.

cubilot, n.m., (metal.) cupola.

cubique, adj., (arith., geom.) cubic, cubical. Racine —; cube root.

cubital, -e, adj., (anat.) cubital, ulnar.

cubitus (-tus), n.m., (anat.) cubitus.

cuboïde, n.m., (anat.) cuboid.

cucubale, n.m., (bot.) cucubalus, berry-bearing campion.

cucuje, n.m., (zoöl.) corn-beetle, luminous-beetle.

cucurbitacé, -e, adj., cucurbitaceous.

cucurbitacée, n.f., (bot.) cucurbitaceous plant. pl., cucurbitaceæ.

cucurbite, n.f., (chem.) cucurbit.

cueillage (keu-iaj), n.m., act of gathering, picking.

*cueille (keu), n.f., (agri.) gathering of fruit; (nav.) width of sail-cloth.

*cueillette (keu-iet), n.f., gathering; crop; nutting (fruit); (nav.) mixed cargo; collection of money for the poor.

*cueilleu-r (keu-ieur), n.m., -se, n.f., gatherer.

*cueillir (keu-), (cueillant, cueilli, je cueille), v.a., to cull, to pick, to pluck; to gather; to take up; (nav.) to coil. — des fleurs; to pluck flowers. — des lauriers; to gather laurels.

*cueilloir (keu-), n.m., fruit-basket.

cuider, n.m., fruit-basket.

cuiller or cuillère (ku-lièr), n.f., spoon. — à soupe; soup-ladle. — à café; tea-spoon. — à bouche; table-spoon. — à dessert; dessert-spoon. — à ragoût; gravy-ladle. Elever à la —; to bring up by hand.

*cuillerée (ku-), n.f., spoonful, ladleful. Grande — or — à bouche; tablespoonful. Petite — or — à café; teaspoonful.

*cuilleriste, n.m., spoon maker.

*cuilleron, n.m., bowl of a spoon.

cuir, n.m., hide, skin, leather; strop; slip of the tongue, i.e., pronouncing s for t, and vice versa, at the end of words, or using these letters unnecessarily; as: Il est sorti zhier, j’étaità la campagne, for Il est sorti hier, j’étais à la campagne. —s bruts; raw hides. —s apprêtés; dressed hides. — à rasoir or à repasser; razor-strop. Faire du — d’autrui large courroie; to make free with other people’s money. Tanner le — à quelqu’un; to give any one a hiding. Pester entre — et chair; to fume inwardly. Faire des —s en parlant; to pronounce final s instead of final t, and vice versa; or to sound s or t when there is none at the end of words, i.e.: to drop one’s h’s. — de Russie; Russian leather.

cuirasse, n.f., cuirass, breast-plate, armor-plate, shell. — à l’épreuve du mousquet; ball-proof cuirass. Le défaut de la —; the extremity of or break in the armor, vulnerable part. On lui a trouvé le défaut de la —; we have found his weak side. Endosser la —; to turn soldier.

cuirassé, -e, adj., armed with a cuirass, armor-plated, iron-cased; ready armed; hardened; secret, close. Il est —; he is prepared for anything, he is incapable of feeling remorse. Vaisseau —; iron-clad ship, iron-clad.

cuirassement, n.m., armor-plating.

cuirasser, v.a., to arm with a cuirass; to iron-plate (nav.); to steel, to harden, to season.

se cuirasser, v.r., to put on a cuirass; to harden or fortify one’s self.

cuirassier, n.m., cuirassier.

cuire (cuisant, cuit), v.a., to cook, to do; to boil; to bake; to roast; to broil, to grill; to dress, to prepare; to stew; to burn (of the sun); to ripen; (physiology) to concoct, to digest. — la viande; to do the meat. — trop; to overdo. — des briques; to burn bricks. — à l’eau; to boil. Faire — des œufs; to boil eggs.

cuire, v.n., to be cooked, to be done; to be burned; to bake; to broil; to boil; to smart, to burn. La main me cuit; my hand smarts. Vous viendrez — à mon four; you will want me some day, and then I shall be even with you. Il vous en cuira; you shall smart for it.

cuirer, v.a., to cover in leather.

cuisage, n.m., burning; charring.

cuisant, -e, adj., easy to cook; sharp, smarting; piercing, exquisite; severe; poignant. Douleur —e; violent pain.

cuisier, n.m., brick-burner.

cuisine, n.f., kitchen; cookery; the cooks; spice-box; fare, living; (nav.) cuddy, caboose, galley. — bourgeoise; plain living; homely fare. Graisses de —; kitchen stuff. Être chargé de —; to be monstrously fat. Faire la —; to cook, to dress victuals. Chef de —; master-cook. Aide de —; under-cook. Fille de —; kitchen-maid.

cuisiner, v.n., to cook, to dress victuals.

cuisinier, n.m., cook, man-cook.

cuisinière, n.f., cook, woman-cook; Dutch oven, meat-screen.

cuissard, n.m., cuish (armor); (surg.) thigh-piece.

cuisse, n.f., thigh; (of meat) rump; leg (of poultry).

cuisse-madame, n.f., (—-—s) sort of pear.

cuisson, n.f., dressing (of victuals); cooking (baking, boiling, roasting, &c.); smart (pain). Ressentir une —; to feel a smarting pain.

cuissot, n.m., haunch (of venison).

cuistre, n.m., college-fag; college-scout; vulgar, pedantic fellow.

cuit, -e, part., cooked, done, roasted, boiled, baked; (fig.) done for, dished. Cela est trop —; that is done too much, overdone (of meat). — au four; baked. — à point; done to a turn.

cuite, n.f., baking; burning (of bricks, etc.); (manu.) boiling.

cuivre, n.m., copper, brass. — jaune; brass. — rouge; copper. — vierge; native copper. — battu; wrought copper. — fondu; cast copper. — en barres; bar copper. — en planches; sheet copper. Fonte de —; pig copper. —s; brass instruments.

cuivré, -e, adj., copper-colored; (fig.) ringing, clear, sonorous.

cuivrer, v.a., to cover with sheet copper, to copper.

cuivrerie, n.f., copper wares, brass-wares.

cuivreu-x, -se, adj., coppery.

cul (ku), n.m., (very l.ex.) breech; backside; posterior; rump; bottom; tail (of carts); top; cylinder head (mech.). — par-dessus tête; head over heels. Donner du pied au — à quelqu’un; to kick any one. Être à —; not to know what to do. Faire le — de poule; to pout. — de basse-fosse; dungeon. —-de-jatte, (—s-—) cripple (seated on a wooden bowl). —-de-lampe, (—s-—) (arch.) bracket, pendant; (print.) tail-piece. — de porc, (nav.) wall-knot. —-de-sac, (—s-—) blind alley. —-de-four, (—s-—) (arch.) demi-cupola. —-blanc, (—s-—s) (orni.) wheat-ear, white-tail, fallow-chat, fallow-finch; snipe.

culasse, n.f., breech (of a cannon, musket, etc.); pavilion (of diamonds).

culbutant, n.m., (orni.) tumbler.

culbute, n.f., somersault; ruin, failure, bankruptcy; fall, tumble, somersault. Faire la —; to turn a somersault. Au bout du fossé la —; look before you leap.

culbuter, v.a., to throw down, to throw down headlong; to overthrow, to ruin, to upset; to make any one, anything, tumble down; to do for. Cette entreprise l’a culbuté; this enterprise has ruined him.

culbuter, v.n., to fall head over heels.

culbutis, n.m., confused heap; jumble.

culée, n.f., abutment (of bridges); tail (of a hide); (nav.) stern-way.

culer, v.n., to fall astern, to make stern-way; to veer (of the wind). Scier à —; to back water.

culeron, n.m., (saddlery) crupper-loop.

culière, n.f., gutter-stone, kennel-stone, breech of harness, hind girth.

culinaire, adj., culinary.

culmifère, adj., (bot.) culmiferous.

culminant, adj., culminating; prominent. Point —; culminating point, top, summit.

culmination, n.f., culmination.

culminer, v.n., (astron.) to culminate.

culot, n.m., youngest bird (of a brood); youngest (of a family), last born; youngest member of a society; bottom (of lamps, crucibles, etc.); residuum. Le — d’une pipe; black at the bottom of a pipe-plug.

culotte, n.f., small clothes, breeches; rump (of an ox, a pigeon). — de bœuf; rump of beef. — de peau; leather breeches; (fig.) old retired officer.

culotter, v.a., to breech, to put in breeches; to color (pipe).

se culotter, v.r., to put on one’s breeches; to get colored (pipe).

culottier, n.m., breeches-maker.

☉culottin, n.m., newly-breeched boy; tight breeches.

culpabilité, n.f., guilt; culpability.

culte, n.m., creed; religion; worship; adoration; veneration, honor, love, respect, cultivation. Rendre un — à; to worship.

cultivable, adj., cultivable, arable.

cultivat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., husbandman, farmer, grower, agriculturist.

cultivat-eur, -rice, adj., agricultural.

cultivation, n.f., cultivation.

cultiver, v.a., to cultivate; to till; to improve; to inform; to exercise, to practice; to cultivate the acquaintance of.

culture, n.f., culture; cultivation; tillage, husbandry; growth; education, improvement. Être sans —; to be or lie fallow. La petite —; farming on a small scale; raising of poultry, etc.

cumin, n.m., (bot.) cumin. — des prés; caraway seed.

cumul, n.m., accumulation, junction; plurality of offices or places, pluralism.

cumulard, n.m., (fam. b.s.) pluralist, place-man.

cumulati-f, -ve, adj., accumulative.

cumulativement (-tiv-mān), adv., by accumulation.

cumuler, v.a., to accumulate, to cumulate.

cumuler, v.n., to be a pluralist of offices, to hold several offices.

se cumuler, v.r., to be held at the same time.

cunéaire, adj., cuneate, cuneated.

cunéiforme, adj., cuneiform.

cunette, n.f., (fort.) cunette.

cupide, adj., covetous, greedy, grasping.

cupidité, n.f., cupidity; covetousness; concupiscence, lust.

cupidon, n.m., (myth.) Cupid, Love. Vieux —; old beau.

cupulaire, adj., cup-shaped.

cupule, n.f., (bot.) cupule; cup (of acorns).

curabilité, n.f., curableness.

curable, adj., that may be healed, curable.

curaçao (ku-ra-so), n.m., Curaçoa.

curage, n.m., cleansing, cleaning (of harbors, sewers, &c.); (bot.) water-pepper.

curare, n.m., curare, arrow-poison.

curatelle, n.f., guardianship, trusteeship.

curat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., curator, curatrix, trustee; committee.

curati-f, -ve, adj., curative.

curatif, n.m., curative agent.

curation, n.f., (med.) treatment.

curcuma, n.m., (bot.) curcuma, turmeric.

cure, n.f., cure, healing; living, benefice, parsonage, rectory; ☉care. N’en avoir —; to pay no heed to.

curé, n.m., rector, vicar. C’est Gros Jean qui en remontre à son —; the clerk wants to teach the parson. Monsieur le —; your reverence.

cure-dents, n.m., (—-—) tooth-pick.

curée, n.f., (hunt.) quarry; (fig.) prey, booty; feast; scramble. Mettre en —; to flesh the dogs, to feed them. Les chiens sont en —; the dogs are being fed.

cure-langue, n.m., (—-—s) tongue-scrape.

curement, n.m., cleansing, cleaning (of harbors, sewers).

cure-môle, n.m., (—-—s) dredging-machine.

cure-oreilles, n.m., (—-—) ear-pick.

cure-pieds, n.m., (—-—) horse-picker; hoof-pick.

curer, v.a., to cleanse, to clean out (harbors, sewers); to pick (the teeth, the ears). Se — les dents; to pick one’s teeth.

curette, n.f., scraper, scoop.

cureur, n.m., cleanser (of harbors, sewers).

curial, -e, adj., vicarial, rectorial. Maison —e; parsonage-house.

curiale, n.m., (antiq.) member of the curia.

curie, n.f., ward; (antiq.) curia.

curieusement (-eûz-mān), adv., curiously, inquisitively; carefully; minutely.

curieu-x, -se, adj., curious; inquisitive; prying; fond of; careful; nice; particular; rare, singular. Il est — de tableaux; he is fond of pictures.

curieu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., inquisitive person, spectator, looker-on; virtuoso; curious fact. Le — de la chose est; the curious part of the thing is.

curion, n.m., (antiq.) curio.

curiosité, n.f., curiosity; inquisitiveness; rarity; care; taste for. Par —; out of curiosity.

curoir, n.m., plow-scraper.

curseur, n.m., (math.) cursor, slider, slide, index.

cursi-f, -ve, adj., cursive; running; cursory.

cursivement, adv., cursorily.

curule, adj., curule. Chaise —; curule chair.

curure, n.f., dirt, sewage.

curvati-f, -ve, adj. (bot.) slightly curved.

*curviligne, adj., curvilineal.

curvirostre, adj., (orni.) curvirostral, hook-billed.

cuscute, n.f., (bot.) dodder.

cuspide, n.f., cuspis, cusp.

cuspidé, -e, adj., (bot.) cuspidate.

cussoné, -e, adj., (tech.) worm-eaten, weeviled.

custode, n.f., pyx-cover; curtain of the high altar; holster-cap; ☉curtain. Sous la —; in private.

custode, n.m., warden, keeper, curator.

cutané, -e, adj., cutaneous.

cuticule, n.f., (anat., bot.) cuticle.

cutter (-tèr), n.m., (—s) (nav.) cutter.

cuvage, n.m., (tech.) fermenting (of wine); place where wine is fermented.

cuve, n.f., tub, vat, copper. — de brasseur; brewing-vat. — matière; mash-tub. Fossé a fond de cuve; (fort.) flat-bottomed ditch. À fond de —; (fig.) thoroughly, exhaustively. — de bain; bathing-tub.

cuveau, n.m., small vat, small tub; (min.) corf, cage, kiddle-outright.

cuvée, n.f., tubful; vatful; (fam.) sort, kind, quality. En voici d’une autre —; here’s one of another sort for you.

cuvelage (kuv-laj), n.m., lining, casing; tubbing (mines).

cuveler (kuv-lé), v.a., to tub (mines); to line, to case.

cuver, v.n., to work, to ferment, to settle.

cuver, v.a., to appease; to calm; to sleep off the effects of wine. — son vin; to sleep one’s self sober.

cuvette, n.f., wash-hand basin; basin, cistern (of barometers, steam-engines); (fort.) cuvette. Montre à —; capped watch.

cuvier, n.m., wash-tub.

cyame, n.m., (e.) whale-louse.

cyanate, n.m., (chem.) cyanate.

cyanhydrique, adj., (chem.) hydrocyanic, prussic.

cyanogène, n.m., (chem.) cyanogen.

cyanomètre, n.m., (phys.) cyanometer.

cyanure, n.m., (chem.) cyanide.

cyathe, n.m., (antiq.) cyathus.

cyclamen (-me-n), n.m., (bot.) cyclamen, sow-bread.

cycle, n.m., cycle; (liter.) period.

cyclique, adj., cyclical.

cycloïdal, -e, adj., cycloidal.

cycloïde, n.f., (geom.) cycloid.

cyclométrie, n.f., cyclometry.

cyclone, n.m., tornado.

cyclope, n.m., Cyclops.

cyclopéen, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., cyclopean.

*cygne, n.m., swan. Jeune —; cygnet. (fig.) Le — Thébain; Pindar. Le — de Mantoue; Virgil. Le — de Cambrai; Fénelon.

cylindracé, -e, adj., (bot.) cylindraceous.

cylindrage, n.m., mangling (of linen).

cylindre, n.m., cylinder; roller; garden-roller; mangle, calender; barrel; rundle. Passer au —; to pass through the mangle.

cylindrer, v.a., to calender; to roll. — les allées d’un jardin; to roll the paths of a garden.

cylindrique, adj., cylindric.

cylindroïde, n.m., cylindroid.

cymaise, n.f. V. cimaise.

cymbalaire, n.f., ivy-leaved toad-flax.

cymbale, n.f., cymbal.

cymbalier, n.m., cymbal-player.

cymbiforme, adj., (bot.) cymbiform.

cyme, n.m., (bot.) cyme. V. cime.

cymrique, n.m. and adj., Kymric.

cynanche or cynancie, n.f., (med.) cynanche.

cynanque, n.m., (bot.) dog’s-bane.

cynégétique, n.f., cynegetics. adj., relating to hunting and dogs.

cynips, n.m., (ent.) cynips.

cynique, adj., cynical, snarling, snappish; impudent, barefaced, indecent.

cynique, n.m., cynic.

cynisme, n.m., cynicism.

cynocéphale, n.m., (zoöl.) cynocephalus.

cynoglosse, n.f., (bot.) cynoglossum, hound’s-tongue.

cynorrhodon, n.m., (bot.) hip.

cynosure, n.f., (bot.) cynosurus; (astron.) Cynosure, Little Bear.

cyprès, n.m., cypress, cypress-tree; cypress-wood.

cyprière, n.f., cypress-grove.

cypripède, n.m., (bot.) lady’s-slipper.

cyrénaïque, adj., cyrenaic. n.m., cyrenaic philosopher.

cyrillien or cyrillique, adj. Alphabet —; the Slavonic alphabet invented in the 9th century by St. Cyrillus.

cystique, adj., (anat.) cystic.

cystite, n.f., (med.) cystitis.

cystocèle, n.f., (med.) cystocele.

cystotome, n.m., (surg.) an instrument to cut into the bladder.

cystotomie, n.f., cystotomy.

cytarexylon, n.m., (bot.) fiddle-wood.

cytise, n.m., (bot.) cytisus, bean-trefoil.

cyzicène, n.m., (Grec. antiq.) guest-chamber.

czar (gzar), n.m., czar.

czarien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., of the czar.

czarine, n.f., czarina.

czarowitz, n.m., czarowitz.

D

d, n.m., the fourth letter of the alphabet, d.

d’, ab. of de.

dà, particle, truly, indeed. Oui-dà; yes, forsooth. Nenni-dà, non-dà; no, indeed; no, forsooth.

da-capo, adv., (mus.) da capo.

dactyle, n.m., (poet.) dactyl; (bot.) orchard-grass.

dactylographe, n.m., type-writer, typist.

dactylographie, n.f., dactylography, type-writing.

dactylique, adj., dactylic.

dactylologie, n.f., dactylology.

dactyloptère, adj., (ich.) finger-finned.

dactyloptère, n.m., dactylopterus, flying-fish.

dada, n.m., horse, cock-horse; hobby, hobby-horse. Aller à —; to ride a cock-horse. Être sur son —; to indulge in one’s hobby.

dadais, n.m., booby, clown, ninny.

☉dagorne, n.f., one-horned cow; hag.

dague (dag), n.f., dagger, dirk. pl., tusks (of a wild boar); first horns (of a two-year old deer).

daguer (da-ghé), v.a., to stab; (hunt.) to rut.

daguerréotype (da-ghér-), n.m., daguerreotype.

daguet (da-ghé), n.m., (hunt.) brocket, pricket.

dahlia, n.m., dahlia.

*daigner, v.n., to deign, to be graciously pleased, to condescend, to vouchsafe.

*d’ailleurs. V. ailleurs.

daim (din), n.m., deer, fallow-deer; buck.

daine (dèn or di-n), n.f., doe.

daintiers (-tié), n.m.pl., (hunt.) dowcets.

dais, n.m., canopy; dais, platform.

dalème, n.f., self-consuming stove.

dallage, n.m., paving with flag-stones, flagging.

dalle, n.f., slab; flag, flag-stone; sink-stone; slice (of fish).

daller, v.a., to pave with flag-stones, to flag.

dalmatique, n.f., dalmatic, tunic.

dalot, n.m., (nav.) scupper-hole, scupper.

daltonisme, n.m., (med.) color-blindness.

☉dam, n.m., hurt, injury. À son, votre, leur —; to his, your, their injury.

damage, n.m., puddling, ramming.

damas, n.m., damask; (bot.) damson; Damascus blade.

damasquiner, v.a., to damaskene, to emboss; to frost (cutlery).

damasquinerie (-ki-n-rî), n.f., damaskening.

damasquineur, n.m., damaskener, one who damaskenes.

damasquinure, n.f., damaskened work; embossing.

damassé, n.m., damask linen, damask cloth.

damasser, v.a., to damask.

damasserie (da-mas-rî), n.f., damask linen manufactory.

damasseur, n.m., damask weaver.

damassin, n.m., figured linen cloth, diaper.

damassure, n.f., damasking (of linen).

dame, n.f., lady; married lady; nun; dame; man, draught (backgammon); (draughts) draught, man, king, queen; queen (cards, chess); dam, rammer; (nav.) rowlock. —s de France; princesses of the royal family of France. — d’honneur; maid of honor, bridesmaid. Elle fait la —; she sets up for a lady. Notre-—; Our Lady. Ma chère —; my dear madam. Jouer aux —s; to play at draughts. Aller à —; (at draughts) to make a king. Aller à —; (at chess) to make a queen; —s seules; ladies’ compartment.

dame, int., by our lady! well! forsooth! well, you see! —! c’est juste; well, you see! it is right.

dame-jeanne, n.f., (—s-—s) demijohn, car-boy.

damer, v.a., to crown (a man at draughts); to queen; (arch.) to allow half a foot for sloping; to ram. — le pion à quelqu’un; to outdo, outwit any one; to be more than a match for.

dameret, adj.m., (l.u.) foppish.

dameret, n.m., lady’s man, spark, beau.

damier, n.m., draught-board.

damnable (dâ-nabl), adj., damnable.

damnablement (dâ-na-), adv., damnably.

damnation (dâ-na-), n.f., damnation.

damné, -e (dâ-né), part., damned.

damné, -e (dâ-né), n.m., soul damned. Les —s; the damned. Souffrir comme un —; to suffer horribly. C’est l’âme —e du ministre; he is the tool of the minister (i.e., does his dirty work for him).

damner (dâ-né), v.a., to damn.

se damner (dâ-né), v.r., to damn one’s self.

☉damoiseau, n.m., beau, fop, spark; young page.

☉damoisel, n.m. V. damoiseau.

☉damoiselle, n.f., damsel.

danché, -e, adj., (her.) indented.

dandin, n.m., ninny.

dandinement (-di-n-mān), n.m., jogging, waddling; swinging, slouching.

dandiner, v.a., to dandle, to rock.

dandiner, v.n., to swing (of bells); to waddle, to slouch.

se dandiner, v.r., to waddle; to twist (one’s body) about; to strut, to slouch; to dilly-dally, to dally.

dandy, n.m., dandy.

dandysme, n.m., dandyism.

danger, n.m., danger, peril, risk, hazard, jeopardy. Braver les —s; to brave dangers. Affronter les —s; to face dangers. Être en — de; to be in danger of.

dangereusement (danj-reuz-mān), adv., dangerously.

dangereu-x, -se, adj., dangerous.

danois, -e, adj., Danish.

danois, n.m., -e, n.f., Dane.

danois, n.m., Danish; dane (dog).

dans, prep., in, within, into; with, according to, formerly. Il fait cela — le dessein de s’établir; he does so with the intention of establishing himself. J’ai beaucoup travaillé — le temps; I used to study a good deal formerly.

dansant, -e, adj., dancing. Soirée —e; dancing party, evening party.

danse, n.f., dance, dancing; beating, hiding. Aimer la —; to like dancing. — de corde; rope-dancing. Il a une — contrainte; he has a stiff way of dancing. Donner une — à quelqu’un; to give any one a drubbing. Entrer en —; to join the dance. — de St. Guy; St. Vitus’s dance.

danser, v.n., to dance. — en mesure; to keep time in dancing. Faire — quelqu’un; to lead any one a dance. Il ne sait sur quel pied —; he does not know which way to turn. Il en dansera en l’air; he will swing for it. Se —; to be danced.

danser, v.a., to dance. — un menuet; to dance a minuet.

danseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., dancer, ballet-girl. — de corde; rope-dancer.

dansotter, v.n., to dance a little, to skip, to hop, to dance stiffly.

danubien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Danubian.

daphné, n.m., (bot.) daphne.

darce, n.f. V. darse.

dard, n.m., dart; sting; (bot.) pistil. Le — d’une abeille; the sting of a bee; (pisc.) dace.

darder, v.a., to dart; to shoot forth, to beam, to hurl; to spear, to harpoon. Le soleil darde ses rayons; the sun darts forth his rays.

☉dardeur, n.m., shooter, dart-flinger.

dardillon, n.m., barb (of a fish-hook).

dariole, n.f., cream-cake.

darne, n.f., slice of fish.

darse, n.f., (nav.) wet-dock.

dartre, n.f., skin disease; eruption (of the skin); blotch, tetter; herpes. — farineuse; pityriasis, dandriff.

dartreu-x, -se, adj., herpetic, scurfy, scabby.

dartreu-x, n.m., -se, n.f., person affected with skin disease; scabby fellow.

dataire, n.m., datary (chancery officer of Rome).

date, n.f., date, period. À courte —; short-dated. À longue —; long-dated. Prendre —; to fix a day. Je suis le premier en —; I have the priority. En — de; under date of, bearing the date. D’ancienne, or de vieille, de longue —; of long standing, long since.

dater, v.a., to date.

dater, v.n., to date; to date from; to form a period; to reckon. — de loin; to date far back; to happen long ago. À — de; reckoning from. Se —; to be dated.

daterie (da-trî), n.f., datary’s office.

datif, n.m., (gram.) dative, dative case.

dati-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) dative. Tutelle —ve; dative guardianship.

dation, n.f., (jur.) giving. — en payement; giving in payment.

datisme, n.m., tautology.

datte, n.f., (bot.) date.

dattier, n.m., date-tree.

datura, n.m., (bot.) datura stramonium, thorn-apple.

daube, n.f., (cook.) stew, daube.

dauber, v.a., (pop.) to cuff, to drub; (fig.) to banter; to jeer.

daubeur, n.m., jeerer, banterer, sneerer.

daubière, n.f., long stew-pan.

dauphin, n.m., (ich.) dolphin; dauphin (eldest son of the kings of France).

dauphine, n.f., dauphiness.

dauphinelle, n.f., (bot.) lark-spur.

daurade, n.f., (ich.) gilt head.

d’autant. V. autant.

davantage, adv., more; longer, further. Pas —; no more. Je n’en dirai pas —; I shall say no more. Je n’en sais pas —; I know nothing more about it. Ne restez pas —; do not stay any longer.

davier, n.m., dentist’s forceps; (nav.) davit.

de, prep., of, from, by, with, in, upon, out of, some, any, for, at, to. Un plat d’argent; a silver dish. De Paris à Londres; from Paris to London. De près, de loin; near, afar. Faire de son mieux; to do one’s best. Vivre de fruits et de légumes; to live on fruit and vegetables. Sauter de joie; to leap for joy. Se moquer de quelqu’un; to laugh at any one. Il y eut cent hommes de tués; there were a hundred men killed. Il n’y a personne de blessé; there is no one wounded. Plus d’effets et moins de paroles; more deeds and fewer words. Quelque chose de bon; something good. Indigne de vivre; unworthy to live. Le désir d’apprendre; the wish to learn. Avoir besoin d’argent; to be in want of money. Qu’est-ce que de nous! what poor creatures we are! L’un d’entre eux; one of them. D’après l’original; from the original. De chez vous; from your house. De par le roi; in the king’s name. De ce que; because. Les hommes d’à-présent or d’aujourd’hui; the men of the day. Un coup de bâton; a blow with a stick. Trait de plume; dash of the pen. Un coup de fusil; a shot. Signe de tête; nod. Leçons de danse; lessons in dancing. Un enfant d’un bon naturel; a good-natured child. Une lame d’épée; a sword-blade. Une prise de tabac; a pinch of snuff. Un collier de perles; a pearl necklace. Être d’un repas; to make one at a banquet. N’avez-vous point d’enfants? have you no children? Être —; to be one of a party. [De is changed into d’ before a vowel or silent h.]

dé, n.m., die (for playing); thimble; (arch.) coin, block, dado; (nav.) cock (of blocks); (coin.) die. — fermé; woman’s thimble. — ouvert; tailor’s thimble. Jouer au —s; to play at dice. —s pipés; cogged or loaded dice. Avoir le —; to be one’s turn to play. Flatter le —; to slide the dice; to soften a thing down. À vous le —; now it is your turn, your throw. Le — en est jeté; the die is cast. Tenir le — de la conversation; to engross the conversation.

déalbation, n.f., (chem.) dealbation.

débâchage, n.m., untilting, uncovering.

débâcher, v.a., to uncover, to untilt.

débâclage, n.m., clearing, opening (of a port).

débâcle, n.f., breaking up (of the ice); clearing (of a harbor); (fig.) overthrow, shock, downfall, collapse, disaster.

débâclement, n.m., breaking up of the ice.

débâcler, v.n., to break up (of the ice).

débâcler, v.a., to clear (a harbor); to unbar (doors). — les bateaux; to clear the harbor of boats. — une porte, une fenêtre; to unbar a door, a window.

débâcleur, n.m., water or port-bailiff.

débagouler, v.n., (l.ex.) to spew, to puke.

débagouler, v.a., (l.ex.) (fig.) to launch into abuse; to insult, to abuse any one foully.

débagouleur, n.m., (l.ex.) scurrilous, foul-mouthed blabber.

déballage, n.m., unpacking (goods exposed for sale, show).

déballer, v.a., to unpack.

à la débandade, adv., in confusion, helter-skelter, at sixes and sevens. Mettre tout à la —; to put everything in confusion.

à la débandade, n.f., rout, stampede; breaking the ranks.

debandement (dé-band-mān), n.m., disbanding; (milit.) leaving the ranks.

débander, v.a., to unbind; to unbend, to loosen. — un pistolet; to uncock a pistol. — quelqu’un; to take off the handkerchief tied over any one’s eyes.

se débander, v.r., to slacken or grow loose, to relax; to disband; to get uncocked (of firearms); to grow milder (of the weather). — l’esprit; to relax one’s mind.

débanquer, v.a., to break the bank (at play).

débaptiser (dé-ba-ti-zé), v.a., to change the name of. Il jugea à propos de se —; he thought proper to change his name.

*débarbouiller, v.a., to clean, to make clean, to wash the face.

se débarbouiller, v.r., to wash one’s face; to extricate one’s self.

débarcadère, n.m., landing, landing-place, wharf, terminus, station (of railways).

débardage, n.m., unlading (of wood).

débarder, v.a., to unlade wood; to clear a wood of the trees which have been felled in it.

débardeur, n.m., lumper; workman who breaks up boats; wharf-porter; lighterman; docker.

débarqué, n.m., -e, n.f., person landing. Un nouveau —; one just come to town; a raw countryman.

débarquement, n.m., landing, disembarkment.

débarquer, v.a., to disembark, to land, to unship.

débarquer, v.n., to land. Nous débarquâmes en tel endroit; we went ashore at such a place. Au —; on landing.

débarras, n.m., riddance, disencumbrance. Bon —! a good riddance! Chambre de —; lumber-room.

débarrassé, -e, part., disembarrassed; rid of, released from.

débarrassement, n.m., (l.u.) disembarrassment, clearance, riddance; extrication.

débarrasser, v.a., to clear, to clear away, to disencumber, to rid, to free, to disentangle, to disembarrass; to extricate.

se débarrasser, v.r., to disentangle, to extricate one’s self from, to rid one’s self of, to shake off; to get clear, to get clear of; to clear, to be cleared (of the road, the way).

débarrer, v.a., to unbar.

débat, n.m., debate, dispute, discussion, strife, contest. pl., debates; pleading, summing up. Vider un —; to settle a dispute. À eux le —; let them settle it between them.

débatelage, n.m., unlading of boats.

débateler, v.a., to unlade boats.

débâter, v.a., to unsaddle; to take off a pack-saddle.

débâtir, v.a., to pull down; to unbaste, to untack (of garments).

débattre, v.a., to debate, to discuss, to argue.

se débattre, v.r., to struggle, to strive, to flounder, to writhe; to dispute; to be debated.

débauche, n.f., debauch; debauchery; lewdness, dissoluteness. Aimer la —; to be fond of reveling.

débauché, n.m., debauchee, rake.

débaucher, v.a., to debauch; to entice away; to take away.

se débaucher, v.r., to become debauched; to be led away from one’s occupations.

débaucheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., debaucher, seducer.

débet, n.m., debit, balance of an account. Être or rester en —; to owe a balance.

débiffé, -e, part., discomposed, disordered, out of order. Visage —; haggard countenance.

débiffer, v.a., to debilitate, to disorder, to enfeeble, to put out of sorts. Être tout débiffé; to be quite out of sorts.

débile, adj., weakly, weak, feeble. Avoir le cerveau —; to have weak brains. Mémoire —; weak memory.

débilement (dé-bil-mān), adv., feebly, weakly.

débilitant, n.m., (med.) debilitant.

débilitant, -e, adj., (med.) debilitating, weakening.

débilitation, n.f., debilitation, enfeebling.

débilité, n.f., debility, weakness.

débiliter, v.a., to debilitate, to enfeeble.

*débillardement, n.m., (carp.) cutting diagonally.

*débillarder, v.a., (carp.) to cut diagonally.

*débiller, v.a., to loosen horses.

débine, n.f., difficulties, poverty, straits, embarrassment, mess, beggary. Il est tombé dans la —; he has fallen into poverty.

débit, n.m., sale, traffic; market; retail shop; license to sell; delivery, utterance; debit side (book-keeping); (mus.) recitative. Marchandise de bon —; goods that have a ready sale. — de tabac; tobacconist’s shop. Porter au — de quelqu’un; to debit any one with. Il a un beau —; he has a fine delivery.

débitage, n.m., cutting up (of stones, timber).

débitant, n.m., -e, n.f., retailer, dealer. — en détail, en gros; retail, wholesale, dealer.

débiter, v.a., to sell; to retail; to give out, to spread, to report, to utter; to debit; to cut up (wood, stone). — en gros, en détail; to sell, wholesale, by retail. — son rôle; to recite one’s part. — des nouvelles; to spread news.

débit-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., debtor; seller, retailer; (jur.) obligor. Être — de; to be in debt to.

débiteur, adj.m., debtor. Compte —; debtor’s account.

débiteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., prattler, newsmonger. C’est une grande —se de mensonges; she is a regular fib-teller.

débitter, v.a., (nav.) to unbitt (a cable).

déblai, n.m., cutting, clearing; excavating, excavation; rubbish; riddance. Être en —; to have been excavated.

déblaiement, déblayement, n.m., clearing, clearing away; clearance; freeing; cutting, digging.

déblatérer, v.n., to speak against; to rail at.

déblayer, v.a., to clear away; to clear.

déblocage, n.m., (print.) turning letters.

déblocus, n.m., raising the blockade of.

débloquer, v.a., to raise a blockade; (print.) to turn letters.

déboire, n.m., after-taste; vexation; mortification; disappointment.

déboisement, n.m., clearing or denudation of trees, forests.

déboiser, v.a., to clear or denude.

se déboiser, v.r., to become denuded.

déboîtement (dé-boat-mān), n.m., disjointing, dislocation.

déboîter, v.a., to put out of joint, to dislocate, to disjoint.

se déboîter, v.r., to be dislocated, to become disjointed.

débonder, v.a., to take the bung out of; to loosen, to unbind. — un étang; to open the sluice of a pond.

se débonder, v.r., to gush, to sluice out, to break out or open, to burst forth, to escape out of the bung-hole; to be relaxed (of a person).

débonder, v.n., to escape through the bung-hole; to escape through the sluice of a pond; to gush out.

débondonnement, n.m., unbunging.

débondonner, v.a., to take out the bung.

débonnaire, adj., good-natured; compliant, gentle, easy-tempered.

débonnairement, adv., compliantly, easily.

☉débonnaireté, n.f., compliance, meekness.

débord, n.m., edge (of a coin); ☉overflowing; ☉(med.) defluxion.

débordé, -e, adj., overflowed; lewd, dissolute, debauched.

débordement, n.m., overflowing, breaking out, inundation, irruption; (fig.) dissoluteness, debauchery, lewdness; torrent, flood; (med.) overflow.

déborder, v.n., to overflow, to run over; to project, to bag, to jut out; (nav.) to get clear, to sheer off. La doublure déborde; the lining bags. Cette maison déborde; that house juts out.

déborder, v.a., to take off the border; to outrun; to go beyond; (milit.) to outflank; to edge (plumber’s business).

se déborder, v.r., to overflow; to break, to burst, forth.

débordoir, n.m., edging-tool (of a plumber).

débosseler (dé-bos-lé), v.a., to take the bruises, the dents, out of.

débotté, n.m., with boots off.

débotter, v.a., to pull off boots.

se débotter, v.r., to pull off one’s boots.

débouché, n.m., opening, expedient; outlet, issue; (com.) market, sale; water-way.

débouchement (de-boosh-mān), n.m., uncorking, unstopping, outlet; debouching; market, sale; disemboguement.

déboucher, v.a., to open; to clear; to uncork.

déboucher, v.n., to pass out; to fall into (rivers); (milit.) to debouch; to relieve the bowels; to expand the mind. Au — du défilé; on coming out of the defile.

débouchoir, n.m., lapidary’s tool.

déboucler, v.a., to unbuckle, to uncurl. — une jument; to unring a mare.

*debouilli, n.m., (dy.) boiling.

*débouillir, v.a., (dy.) to boil.

déboulonner, v.a., (tech.) to unbolt, to unpin.

débouquement (dé-book-mān), n.m., (nav.) narrow channel; disemboguement.

débouquer, v.n., (nav.) to disembogue.

débourbage, n.m., (metal.) trunking.

débourber, v.a., to cleanse; to take the mud away; (metal.) to trunk. — une voiture; to draw a carriage out of the mire.

débourgeoiser, v.a., to polish, to make a lady or gentleman of.

se débourgeoiser, v.r., to become polished.

débourrement (dé-boor-mān), n.m., taking off the fleece.

débourrer, v.a., (man.) to break in; to worm (fire-arms); to empty (a pipe); to polish (a person). — un jeune homme; to form or polish a young man. — un cheval; to break in a horse; to take the fleece off.

☉débours, n.m., disbursement, sum laid out.

déboursé, n.m., money laid out, disbursement, outlay.

déboursement, n.m., disbursement, outlay, expenditure.

débourser, v.a., to disburse, to expend, to lay out.

debout, adv., upright, on end; up; standing; in existence (of things); ahead (of the wind). Il se tient —; he is standing up. Être —; to be up, to be stirring. Allons, —, il est déjà grand jour; come, get up, it is broad daylight. Un conte à dormir —; rigmarole. Avoir le vent —; to have the wind ahead or a head wind.

débouté, n.m., (jur.) dismission, setting aside, nonsuit.

débouter, v.a., (jur.) to overrule, to reject, to non-suit. Il a été débouté de sa demande; his demand was rejected; he was non-suited.

déboutonné, -e, part., unbuttoned.

déboutonner, v.a., to unbutton.

se déboutonner, v.r., to unbutton one’s self; to unbosom one’s self.

*débraillé, -e, part., open-breasted, loosely dressed, untidy; in disorder. Tout —; all untidy.

débraillement or débraillé, n.m., untidiness, disorder; license, licentiousness.

*se débrailler, v.r., to uncover one’s breast, to become untidy, disordered.

débrayage, n.m., disengaging gear (motor).

débrayer, v.n., to throw out of gear, to disengage.

*débredouiller, v.a., se —, v.r., to save the lurch (backgammon).

débridement (dé-brid-mān), n.m., unbridling; despatching, hurrying over; (surg.) relieving constriction by incision.

débrider, v.a., to unbridle; to despatch, to hurry; (surg.) to remove constriction by incision.

débrider, v.n., to unbridle one’s horse; to halt; to stop. Sans —; without stopping; at a stretch.

débris, n.m., remains, wreck, ruins; waste; rubbish.

débrochage, n.m., unstitching; unspitting.

débrocher, v.a., to unstitch, to unspit.

*débrouillement, n.m., disentangling, unravelling.

*débrouiller, v.a., to disentangle, to unravel, to clear up, to explain.

se débrouiller, v.r., to unravel; to be disentangled, to be cleared up.

débrutir, v.a., to clear off the rough; to polish (gems).

débrutissement (-tis-mān), n.m., rough-polishing (of gems).

débucher, v.n., (hunt.) to start.

débucher, v.a., (hunt.) to dislodge, to start.

débucher, n.m., (hunt.) start. Il se trouva au —; he was present at the start.

débusquement, n.m., driving out; dislodging; ousting.

débusquer, v.a., to turn out, to oust, to expel; (hunt.) to start, to dislodge.

début, n.m., lead, first cast, or throw; outset; debut; first appearance; beginning. Voilà un beau —; that is a fine beginning.

débutant, n.m., -e, n.f., actor, actress, appearing for the first time; beginner.

débuter, v.n., to lead, to play first; to begin; to open; to set out; to make one’s first appearance. Il a mal débuté dans le monde; he made a bad beginning in life.

débuter, v.a., to drive from the jack (at bowls); to drive from the mark (at cards).

deçà, prep., this side of. En —, de —, par —, la rivière; this side of the river. En — de la rivière; on this side of the river.

deçà, adv., here, on this side. — et delà; here and there, this and that side, up and down. Jambe —, jambe delà; one leg this side, the other that. De —, par —, en —; this side.

déca (particle used in French weights and measures) deca (ten times the unit).

décachetable, adj., to be unsealed, opened.

décachetage, n.m., unsealing, opening.

décacheter (dé-kash-té), v.a., to unseal, to open; to break open, to break the seal of.

décadaire, adj., having ten days, decadal.

décade, n.f., decade.

décadenasser, v.a., to unpadlock.

décadence, n.f., decay, decline, wane, downfall.

décadi, n.m., decadi (the tenth day of a decade in the calendar of the first French Republic).

décaèdre, adj., decahedral.

décaèdre, n.m., (geom.) decahedron.

décagone, n.m., (fort., geom.) decagon.

décagone, adj., decangular, decagonal.

décagramme, n.m., decagram (5·64 drams avoirdupois).

décaissage, n.m., uncasing, unpacking.

décaisser, v.a., to take out of its box, to unpack.

décalage, n.m., unwedging.

décaler, v.a., to unwedge.

décalitre, n.m., decalitre (2·2009 gallons).

décalogue, n.m., Decalogue.

décalquer, v.a., to transfer a tracing.

décaméron, n.m., decameron.

décamètre, n.m., decameter (32·808992 feet).

décampement (dé-kanp-mān), n.m., (milit.) decampment.

décamper, v.n., (milit.) to decamp; to move off, to walk off; to pack off, to bolt, to levant.

décanat, n.m., deanery, deanship.

décandrie, n.f., (bot.) decandria.

décantation, n.f., (chem.) decantation.

décanter, v.a., (chem.) to decant, to pour off gently.

décanteur, n.m., (chem., pharm.) decanter.

décapage, n.m., cleaning, scraping (metal).

décaper, v.n., (nav.) to double a cape.

décaper, v.a., to clean, to scrape (metal).

décapétalé, -e, adj., (bot.) having ten petals.

décaphylle, adj., (bot.) having ten leaves.

décapitation, n.f., decapitation, beheading.

décapiter, v.a., to behead, to decapitate.

décapode, adj., ten-footed, decapodal.

décapole, n.f., Decapolis.

décarrelage, n.m., unpaving.

décarreler (dé-kar-lé), v.a., to take up a floor, to unpave.

décastère, n.m., decastere (13·1 cubic yards).

décastyle, n.m., (arch.) decastyle.

décasyllabe, adj., decasyllabic.

décatir, v.a., to sponge woolen cloth.

se décatir, v.r., (of cloth) to lose its gloss.

décatissage n.m., sponging.

décatisseur, n.m., sponger.

décavé, -e, adj., having lost one’s stake, ruined, beggared, lost in reputation.

décaver, v.a., to win the whole of one of the players’ stakes; to ruin, to beggar.

décédé, -e, part., deceased, dead.

décédé, n.m., -e, n.f., deceased; person deceased.

décéder, v.n., to die, to expire, to decease.

déceindre, v.a., to ungird, to loose a girdle.

décèlement (-sèl-mān), n.m., disclosure, betrayal.

déceler, v.a., to disclose, to reveal, to betray.

se déceler, v.r., to betray one’s self.

déceleu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., betrayer, revealer.

décembre, n.m., December.

décemment (dé-sa-mān), adv., in a decent manner, decently.

décemvir (-sèm-), n.m., decemvir.

décemviral, -e, adj., decemviral.

décemvirat, n.m., decemvirate.

décence, n.f., decency, propriety.

décennal, -e (-sèn-nal), adj., decennial.

décent, -e, adj., decent, becoming.

décentralisation, n.f., decentralization.

décentraliser, v.a., decentralize.

décepti-f, -ve, adj., deceptive.

déception, n.f., deception, deceit, fraud.

décerner, v.a., to decree, to enact; to award, to bestow, to issue (a summons). — un mandat d’amener; to issue a writ of arrest. Se —; to be awarded, to be decreed, etc.

décès, n.m., decease, demise, death.

décevable, adj., deceivable.

décevant, -e, adj., deceptive.

décevoir, v.a., to deceive, to disappoint.

déchaînement (-shèn-mān), n.m., unbridling; letting loose (passions); fury, rage, violence, exasperation, inveighing, invective.

déchaîner, v.a., to unchain; to let loose, to turn loose, to exasperate.

se déchaîner, v.r., to break loose, to free one’s self from one’s chains, to burst upon; to run riot; to inveigh.

déchalement, n.m., lying dry; ebbing, far out.

déchaler, v.a.n., to leave bare or dry; to lie dry; to ebb far out.

déchanter, v.n., to change one’s tone, to lower one’s pretensions, to sing another tune. Je le ferai —; I’ll make him sing small.

déchaperonné, -e, adj., (of a wall) dismantled of its coping.

déchaperonner, v.a., to unhood, to uncope.

décharge, n.f., unloading, unlading; lumber-room; discharge; release; relief; exoneration; (jur.) defense; shower of blows; (mil.) volley, round. Pièce de —; lumber-room. Table de —; dinner-wagon. Témoin à —; witness for the defense. Entendre les témoins à charge et à —; to hear witnesses for and against.

déchargement, n.m., unloading, unlading.

décharger, v.a., to unload, to unlade, to empty, to vent, to disburden, to lighten; to discharge; to release, to set free; to exonerate; (hort.) to prime; to dismiss. — sa conscience; to clear one’s conscience. — son cœur à quelqu’un; to open one’s heart to any one. — son fusil sur quelqu’un; to discharge one’s musket at any one. — sa bile, sa colère, sur quelqu’un; to vent one’s bile, to wreak one’s anger, upon any one. — un accusé; to exculpate, to discharge an accused person. Il a été déchargé de toute accusation; he was entirely exculpated.

se décharger, v.r., to be unloaded, to discharge itself (liquids); to disembogue (rivers); to free one’s self; to give vent to; to go off of itself (of a gun); to change, to fade (of colors); to lay the blame. Se — d’une faute sur quelqu’un; to shift the blame on any one.