A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (continued 7)

chevroter, v.n., to kid; to sing or speak in a tremulous voice.

chevrotin, n.m., kid leather.

chevrotine, n.f., buck-shot.

chez (shé), prep., at, to, in, one’s house; at the house of; at, to, the native place of; in, with; among. J’ai été — vous; I have been at your house. Chacun est maître — soi; every man is master in his own house. Je viens de — vous; I come from your house. J’ai pas se par — vous; I called at your house in passing. Je viens de — ma mère; I come from my mother’s. C’est — lui une habitude; it a habit with him. Avoir un — soi; to have a home of one’s own. Il n’y a pas de petit — soi; home is home, be it ever so homely.

chiaoux, n.m., Turkish officer, messenger.

chiasse, n.f., dross, scum; dung (of flies).

chibouque, n.f., chibouk (Turkish pipe).

chic, n.m., tact, effect, knack, style (paint.). Il a du —; there is something stylish about him.

chicambaut, n.m., (nav.) bumkin, luff-block.

chicane, n.f., cavil, evasion, quibble; chicanery, pettifogging, caviling, quibbling; the quirks of the law; wrangling. Gens de —; pettifoggers. Chercher — a quelqu’un; to pick a trumpery quarrel with any one.

chicaner, v.n., to chicane, to cavil, to quibble, to use tricks, to quarrel with; to use quirks, shifts; to wrangle, to perplex. — le vent; (nav.) to hug the wind.

chicanerie (shi-), n.f., chicanery; quibbling, caviling.

chicaneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., chicani-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., and adj., chicaner, caviler, pettifogger, wrangler; litigious, caviling, wrangling.

chicard, -e, adj., (pop.) swellish.

chiche, adj., niggardly, penurious, stingy, scurvy, shabby, scanty, sordid, sparing, parsimonious, niggard. Pois —s; chick-peas, dwarf-peas.

chichement (shish-mān), adv., niggardly, penuriously, stingily, parsimoniously.

☉chicheté, n.f., niggardliness, covetousness, penuriousness.

chicon, n.m., cos-lettuce; heart (of).

chicoracé, -e, adj., endive-like, chicoraceous.

chicoracée, n.f., (bot.) chicoraceous plant.

chicorée, n.f., succory, endive, chicory.

chicot, n.m., small broken piece of wood; stump (of teeth); stub, stump (of trees). — du Canada; bonduc.

chicoter, v.n., (pop.) to wrangle, to trifle, to split hairs.

chicotin, n.m., orpine, rosewort, rose-root, livelong; juice of bitter apple. Amer comme —; as bitter as gall.

chie-en-lit, n.m., (—) merry-andrew, masker, jack-pudding.

chien, n.m., -ne, n.f. (-in, -è-n), dog, bitch; cock (of a gun or pistol). — babillard; (hunt.) liar. — caniche; poodle-dog; poodle; water-dog. — volant; tailless bat. Grand —; dog-star. — de pure race; true-bred dog. — métis; half-bred dog; mongrel. Cette chienne est pleine; that bitch is with pup. — d’arrêt; pointer. — couchant; setter; toad-eater; lick-spittle. — courant; beagle. — turc; Barbary, Turkish dog. — d’attache; ban-dog. — de basse-cour; house-dog. — de berger; shepherd’s dog. — de boucher; mastiff. — de ferme; house-dog. — marin, — de mer; (ich.) dog-fish, hound-fish. — de race; thorough-bred dog. — pour le renard; fox-hound. — pour le sanglier; boar-hound. — du grand Saint-Bernard; Alpine mastiff. — de Terre-neuve; Newfoundland dog. — terrier; terrier. Une meute de —s; a pack of hounds. Un petit —, un jeune —; a puppy, a whelp. — de salon; lap-dog. Chasser au — d’arrêt; to shoot over dogs. Donner lâcher les —s; to let loose, cast off, the dogs. Jeter sa langue aux —s; to give it up (of a riddle). C’est Saint Roch et son —; they are like Darby and Joan; they are inseparable. Hâler les —s; to set on the dogs. Rompre les —s; to call off the dogs. Être comme un — à l’attache; to be like a galley-slave. Faire le — couchant; to creep and crouch and truckle. Mener une vie de —; to lead a dog’s life. Bons —s chassent de race; like father, like son; cat after kind. Entre — et loup; in the dusk of the evening. Ils s’accordent comme — et chat; they agree like cat and dog. Leurs —s ne chassent pas ensemble; they don’t agree together. Qui m’aime, aime mon —; love me, love my dog. — qui aboie ne mord pas; his bark is worse than his bite. — hargneux a toujours l’oreille déchirée; quarrelsome curs have dirty coats. Qui veut noyer son — l’accuse de la rage; give your dog a bad name, and hang him. Un — regarde bien un évêque; a cat may look at a king. C’est le — du jardinier; it is the dog in the manger. Autant vaut être mordu d’un — que d’une chienne; as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb. Être reçu comme un — dans un jeu de quilles; to be as welcome as a dog at a wedding.

chien de mer or chien marin, n.m., (ich.) dog-fish, hound-fish.

chiendent, n.m., dog-grass, quitch-grass, couch-grass. — fossile; amianthus.

chiennée, n.f., a litter of pups.

chienner (shiè-), v.n., to whelp, to pup.

chiffe, n.f., poor stuff; rags.

chiffon, n.m., rag, scrap; trinket, frippery. Mon petit —; you little darling.

chiffonnage, n.m., (paint.) rumpled drapery; rumpling, crumpling, tumbling.

chiffonne, adj.f., (gard.) puny, useless. Branche —; puny, stunted, branch.

chiffonner, v.a., to rumple, to wrinkle, to crumple, to tumble, to ruffle, to tease, to vex.

chiffonni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., rag-picker.

chiffonni-er, n.m., or -ère, n.f., chiffonier.

chiffre, n.m., figure, number; total amount; cipher; flourish of letters, monogram; digit. — périodique; (arith.) figure of the recurring period. Ecrire en —; to write in cipher.

chiffrer, v.n., to cipher, to mark, to write in cipher.

chiffrer, v.a., to cipher, to foot up; to figure, to number (of music).

chiffreur, n.m., reckoner.

*chignon, n.m., nape (of the neck); hair twisted behind, chignon.

chimère, n.f., (myth.) chimera; myth, idle fancy, vain imagination; (conch., ich.) chimera.

chimérique, adj., chimerical, visionary, fantastical.

chimériquement, adv., chimerically.

chimie, n.f., chemistry.

chimique, adj. chemical.

chimiste, n.m., chemist.

chimpanzé, n.m., (zoöl.) chimpanzee.

china, n.m., (bot.) China-root. V. squine.

chinchilla, n.m., (mam.) chinchilla.

chiner, v.a., (manu.) to color, to dye.

chinois, -e, n. and adj., Chinese.

chinoiserie, n.f., Chinese ornament; knick-knack; folly, farce, joke.

chiourme, n.f., convict-gang.

chiper, v.a., to pilfer, to crib, to prig, to bag.

chipie, n.f., affected, mincing, peevish woman; prude.

chipoter, v.n., to dally, to trifle, to dispute about trifles; to higgle; to haggle.

chipoti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., trifler, dallier, shuffler; higgler, haggler.

chique, n.f., quid of tobacco; (ent.) chegre, chegoe, chigre; marble (to play with).

chiquenaude (shik-nôd), n.f., fillip.

chiquenauder, v.a., to fillip.

chiquer, v.n., to chew tobacco; to eat heartily; (paint.) to dash off.

chiquet, n.m., driblet, bit; shred. Un — de vin; a drop of wine. — à —; bit by bit.

chiragre (ki-), n.f., chiragra.

☉chirimoya, n.f., custard-apple.

chirographaire (ki-), adj., on note of hand.

chirologie (ki-), n.f., chirology.

chiromancie (ki-), n.f., chiromancy, palmistry.

chiromancien (ki-), n.m., chiromancer.

chirone, n.f., (bot.) centaury.

chiroptère (ki-), n.m., (mam.) cheiropter, bat.

chirurgical, -e, adj., surgical.

chirurgie, n.f., surgery.

chirurgien (-in), n.m., surgeon. Aide-—, (—s-—s) assistant surgeon.

chirurgique, adj., surgical.

chiste (kist), n.m., (surg.) cyst.

chiure, n.f., fly-blow. Marqué de —s de mouches; fly-bitten. Faire des —s de mouches sur; to fly-blow.

chlamyde (kla-), n.f., chlamys.

chlorate (klo-), n.m., (chem.) chlorate.

chlore (klor), n.m., (chem.) chlorine; (bot.) yellow-wort.

chloré, -e (klo-), adj., chloruretted.

chlorhydrate (klo-), n.m., (chem.) hydrochlorate.

chlorhydrique (klo-), adj., (chem.) hydrochloric, muriatic.

chloride (klo-), n.m., (chem.) a combination of chlorine with a simple substance, chloride.

chlorique (klo-), adj., (chem.) chloric.

chloroforme (klo-), n.m., chloroform.

chloroformer, v.a., to administer chloroform.

chloromètre (klo-), n.m., chlorometer.

chlorométrie (klo-), n.f., chlorometry.

chlorose (klo-rôz), n.f., (med.) chlorosis, green sickness; (bot.) etiolation.

chlorotique (klo-), adj., chlorotic.

chlorure (klo-), n.m., chloride.

choc, n.m., shock, clashing, encounter; brunt; collision, disaster, blow. Soutenir le —; to stand the shock.

chocolat, n.m., chocolate. Bâton de —; stick of chocolate.

chocolati-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., chocolate-maker; chocolate-dealer.

chocolatière (-ti-èr), n.f., chocolate-pot.

chœur (keur), n.m., choir, chorus. Enfant de —; choir boy, chorister. Chanter en —; to sing in chorus.

choir (chu), v.n., to fall.

choisir, v.a., to choose, to make choice of; to pitch upon, to pick out; to nominate; to single out, to select. Il n’y a point à —; there is no choice left. Se —; to choose for one’s self.

choix (shoâ), n.m., choice, choosing, option, selection, distinction, discernment. Par —; from choice. Sans —; indifferently. Au —; all at one price. Avoir le — forcé; to have Hobson’s choice.

cholagogue (ko-la-gog), n.m., (med.) cholagogue.

cholédoque, adj., (anat.) biliary, hepatic. Canal —; hepatic duct.

choléra-morbus (ko-), n.m., (n.p.) cholera-morbus. Faux —; cholerine.

cholérine (ko-), n.f. cholerine.

cholérique, n.m.f., (med.) person affected with cholera; cholera patient. adj., choleric, bilious.

choliambe (ko-), n.m., choliambic verse.

chômable, adj., to be kept as a holiday.

chômage, n.m., stoppage; want of work; cessation from work; enforced idleness; respite. Le — d’un moulin; the standing still of a mill.

chômer, v.a., to abstain, to cease, from work on a particular day, to rest. C’est un saint qu’on ne chôme pas; he is in no great repute.

chômer, v.n., to want work, to be at a stand-still; (agri.) to lie fallow. Il chôme de besogne; he is out of work. — de quelque chose; to stand in need of a thing.

*chondrille (kon-), n.f., (bot.) gum-succory; wall-lettuce.

chondrologie, n.f., chondrology.

chope, n.f., large beer-glass; mug of beer.

☉chopine, n.f., pint (a measure nearly equal to an English pint).

chopiner, v.n., to tipple.

chopper, v.n., to stumble, to trip up; to blunder.

choquant, -e, adj., rude, offensive; shocking; unpleasant, disagreeable, improper.

choquer, v.a., to shock, to strike, to dash against, to clash with; to offend, to give offense, to shock, to disgust, to displease, to grate upon; (nav.) to surge.

se choquer, v.r., to take offense; to come into collision with.

choquer, v.n., to strike glasses; to be offensive; to hurt any one’s feelings; to be shocking.

choral (ko-), adj., choral, n.m., chant.

chorée (ko-), n.m., (poet.) choreus.

chorée (ko-), n.f., chorea, St. Vitus’ dance.

chorège (ko-), n.m., (antiq.) chorægus.

chorégraphe (ko-) n.m., chorographer.

chorégraphie (ko-), n.f., choregraphy.

chorégraphique (ko-), adj., choregraphical.

chorévêque (ko-), n.m., chorepiscopus.

choriambe (ko-ri-ānb), n.m., (poet.) choriamb.

chorion, n.m., (anat.) chorion.

choriste (ko-), n.m., chorister; chorus singer (thea.).

chorographie (ko-), n.f., chorography.

chorographique (ko-), adj., chorographical.

choroïde (ko-), n.f., adj., (anat.) choroid.

chorus (ko-rûss) n.m., chorus. Faire —; to sing the chorus, to join in; to chime in; to applaud, to approve, to agree.

chose, n.f., thing; matter, business, affair, deed; reality, action; (jur.) chattels. Ce n’est pas grand —; ’tis no great matter. Quelque — de beau; something fine. Peu de —; a mere trifle, nothing. La — publique; the commonwealth, common weal. Être tout —; (pop.) to be out of sorts. Rester tout —; to remain confused. C’est tout autre —; that is quite another thing. Dites bien des —s de ma part à votre frère; remember me to your brother. Bien des — chez vous; kind regards at home. Monsieur —; Mr. “what’s his name.” —s de la mer (nav.); wreckage; flotage, flotsam (jur.)

chou, n.m., cabbage; colewort; puff-paste; kale; darling, dear; bow, rosette. — cabus; headed-cabbage. — marin; sea-kale, wort, sea-cabbage. — pommé; white-headed cabbage. — non pommé; bore-kale, brown-kale. Filet à —; cabbage-net. Rejet de —; cabbage-sprout. Pomme de —; cabbage-head. Tige, trognon, de —; cabbage-stalk. — crépu; Scotch kale. — de Milan; savoy. —x verts, jeunes —x; sprouts. —x blancs; white-heart cabbages. —x brocolis; broccoli. — oléifère; colza. — de chien; dog’s cabbage. —-palmiste, (—x-—s); palm-cabbage. —-navet, (—x-—s); rape-colewort. —-rave, (—x-—s); turnip-cabbage. —! —-là! —-pille!; (hunt.) at it! go it! Des —x et des raves; ducks and drakes. — pour —; taking one thing and another. Il en fait ses —x gras; he feathers his nest with it. Il s’entend à cela comme à ramer des —x; he knows nothing at all about it. Aller planter ses —x; to retire into private life. Mon petit —; my little darling. Bête comme un —; as stupid as an owl.

chouan, n.m., brown owl, royalist insurgent (French Revolution).

chouanner, v.n., to carry on a guérilla warfare (after the manner of the Chouans).

chouannerie, n.f., the party of the Chouans; Vendean royalists.

chouant, n.m., a sort of owl.

choucas, n.m., or chouchette, n.f., jackdaw.

choucroute, n.f., sour-krout, sauer-kraut.

chouette, n.f., screech-owl. adj., capital, excellent, stunning. Faire la —; (piquet) to play alone against two.

chouettement, adv., (pop.) capitally, famously.

chou-fleur, n.m., (—x-—s) cauliflower.

*chou-pille, n.m., (—) shooting-dog.

chouquet, n.m., (nav.) block, moor’s-head, cap of the mast-head.

chou-rave, n.m., (—x-—s) turnip-cabbage.

choyer, v.a., to take great care of, to be fond of, to pamper, to fondle, to pet, to make much of, to cocker-up.

se choyer, v.r., to pamper one’s self.

chrématologie (kré-), n.f., (l.u.) chrematology.

chrématologique (kré-), adj., chrematological.

chrême (krem), n.m., chrism, holy oil.

chrémeau (kré-), n.m., chrism-cloth.

chrestomathie (kres-to-ma-ci), n.f., chrestomathy, select extracts.

chrétien, -ne (kre-ti-in, -ti-è-n), n. and adj., Christian.

chrétiennement (kré-tien-mān), adv., Christianly, Christian-like.

chrétienté (kré-ti-in-té), n.f., Christendom. Marcher sur la —; (fam.) to wear shoes and stockings in holes.

chrismal (kri-), n.m., chrismatory.

chrismation, n.f., chrismation.

le christ (krist), n.m., Christ, crucifix. Jésus Christ (jé-zu-kri); Jesus Christ. [Christ without Jésus is never used in French without le.]

christe (krist), n.f., (bot.) crithmum, samphire, sea-fennel. — marine; crithmum, samphire, sea-fennel.

christianiser (kris-), v.a., to Christianize.

christianisme (kris-tia-nism), n.m., Christianity.

christiaque (kris-tiak), adj., Christian.

chromate (kro-), n.m., (chem.) chromate.

chromatique (kro-), adj., (chem. and mus.) chromatic.

chromatique, n.f., (mus., paint.) chromatics.

chromatiquement, adv., (mus.) chromatically.

chrome (krôm), n.m., chromium.

chromique, adj., (chem.) chromic.

chromolithographie, n.f., chromo-lithography.

chronicité (kro-), n.f., (med.) chronicity.

chronique (kro-), n.f., chronicle, history; summary, reports. — scandaleuse; tittle-tattle, scandalous reports.

chronique, adj., (med.) chronic.

chroniqueur (kro-), n.m., chronicler.

chronogramme (kro-), n.m., chronogram.

chronographe (kro-), n.m., chronographer.

chronographie (kro-), n.f., chronography.

chronologie (kro-), n.f., chronology.

chronologique (kro-), adj., chronological.

chronologiste (kro-), n.m., chronologer.

☉chronologue (kro-), n.m., chronologer.

chronomètre (kro-), n.m., chronometer.

chrysalide (kri-), n.m., aurelia, chrysalis, nympha; pupa; pupe; grub.

chrysanthème (kri-), n.m., chrysanthemum; ox-eye daisy; marigold.

chrysite (kri-), n.f., chrysite, touch-stone.

chrysobate (kri-), n.f., chrysobates.

chrysobéril (kri-), n.m., chrysober.

chrysocale (kri-), n.m., an alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; pinchbeck.

chrysocolle (kri-), n.f., chrysocolla, borax.

chrysocome (kri-), n.f., (bot.) chrysocoma, goldylocks.

chrysogonum (kri-), n.m., moth-mullein, red turnip.

chrysolithe (kri-), n.f., chrysolite.

chrysophris (kri-), n.m., (ich.) gilt-head.

chrysoprase (kri-), n.f., chrysoprase.

☉chrysulée (kri-), (chem.) n.f., chrysulea, aqua regia.

chu, -e, part., (of choir), fallen.

☉chucheter, v.n., to whisper; to twitter.

chuchotement, n.m., whispering, whisper, rustling.

chuchoter, v.n. and a., to whisper.

chuchoterie (sho-trî), n.f., whispering.

chuchoteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., whisperer.

chut (shut), int., hush!

chute, n.f., fall, tumble; decline; falling, overthrow, lapse, downfall, descension, decay; catastrophe, disaster; failure, miscarriage. — d’eau; waterfall, cataract. La — du jour; the close of day. — d’eau; waterfall, watercourse. — d’une voile; (nav.) depth of a sail; drop (of the principal square sails). — de courants; setting of the tides.

chuter, v.n., (thea.) to fail, to be damned.

chyle, n.m., chyle.

chyleu-x, -se, adj., chylous.

chylifère, adj., (anat.) chyliferous.

chylification, n.f., chylifaction, chylification.

chylose, n.f., chylification.

chyme, n.m., chyme.

chymification, n.f., chymification.

ci, adv., here. Celui-— est meilleur que celui-là; this is better than that. Cet homme-—; this man. —-dessus, —-devant; above, before, heretofore, ex, former. Par-— par-là; here and there, up and down; off and on. —-après; hereafter. —-dessous; below. —-contre; opposite. Entre — et demain; between this time and to-morrow. Entre — et là; between this and then. (French Revolution) Un —-devant noble, un —-devant; an ex-noble, royalist. Les —-devant nobles, les —-devant; the royalists, the aristocracy.

cibagé, n.m., an Indian pine, cibage.

cibaudière, n.f., sort of fishing-net.

cible, n.f., mark to be shot at, target.

ciboire, n.m., a sacred vase, pyx; (arch.) ciborium, canopy.

ciboule, n.f., scallion, green onion; eschalot.

ciboulette, n.f., (bot.) chive. V. civette.

cicatrice, n.f., scar, seam, mark.

cicatricule, n.f., cicatricule, eye or thread; (of an egg) small scar.

cicatrisant, -e, adj., cicatrizing.

cicatriser, v.a., to mark with a scar, to scar; to cicatrize; to close, heal up.

se cicatriser, v.r., to be cicatrized, to skin over, to heal up.

ciccus, n.m., a species of grasshopper; a species of wild-goose; ciccus.

cicéro, n.m., (print.) pica. — gros œil; pica. — petit œil; small pica.

cicérole, n.f., chick-pea.

cicéron, n.m., Cicero.

cicérone, n.m., cicerone.

cicéronien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Ciceronian.

cicindèle, n.f., cicindela.

☉cicisbée. V. sigisbée.

ciclamor, n.m. V. orle.

cicutaire, n.f., cicuta, water-hemlock.

cid (sid), n.m., cid (chief, commander).

cidre, n.m., cider. Gros —; strong cider. — paré; old cider. — piquant; rough cider.

cⁱᵉ., (ab.) Co. (for Company).

ciel (siel), n.m., (cieux) heaven, the heavens, the firmament, the sky; paradise. Grâces au —; thanks be to heaven, to God. C’est un coup du —; it is a judgment of heaven. O —! O heavens! Juste —! good heavens! great god! Du —; heavenly. Arc-en-— (—s-—); rainbow. Remuer — et terre; to leave no stone unturned.

ciel, n.m., (ciels) tester of a bed; (c.rel.) the canopy which is carried over the host; sky (paint.); the roof of a quarry; air, climate. Un beau —; a fine climate. L’Italie est sous un des plus beaux —s de l’Europe; Italy has one of the finest climates in Europe.

cierge, n.m., wax-taper, church candle, wax-light. — du Pérou; torch thistle. — pascal; Easter cierge. —s d’eau; water-jets. Droit comme un —; as stiff as a poker.

ciergé, -e, adj., (nav.) stiff.

ciergier, n.m., wax-chandler.

cigale, n.f., cicada, grasshopper. — de rivière; water-grasshopper. — de mer; shrimp.

cigare, n.m., cigar.

cigarette, n.f., cigarette.

*cigogne, n.f., (orni.) stork. — à sac; hurgil. Bec de —; (bot.) crane’s bill. Conte à la —, or conte de la —; absurd and improbable story.

*cigogneau, n.m., (fam.) a young stork.

ciguë (si-gû), n.f., hemlock. — vireuse, or — d’eau; water-hemlock, cow-bane.

cil, n.m., eye-lash; (bot.) lash, hair.

ciliaire, adj., ciliary.

cilice, n.m., hair-cloth.

cilié, -e, adj., (bot.) ciliated, lashed.

*cillement, n.m., twinkle, winking.

*ciller, v.a., to wink, to twinkle; (hawking) to seel.

*ciller, v.n., to wink; to twinkle.

*cillo, n.m., (med.) winker.

cimaise, n.f., cyma, ogee.

cimbalaire, n.f. V. cymbalaire.

cime, n.f., top, summit, peak; height; (bot.) cyme, summit. En —; (bot.) cymose.

ciment, n.m., cement.

cimenter, v.a., to cement; to confirm, to strengthen, to consolidate.

cimentier (-tié), n.m., (tech.) cement-maker.

cimeterre (sim-tèr), n.m., scimeter, falchion, sword.

cimetière (sim-tièr), n.m., church-yard, burying-ground, cemetery.

cimier, n.m., buttock, round of beef; crest of a head-piece; apex. — de cerf; haunch of venison.

cimolée, n.f., cimolite; cimolian earth; cutler’s dust.

cimolée or cimolie, adj.f., cimolian.

cinabre, n.m., cinnabar.

cincenelle, n.f., tow-line.

cinchonine, n.f., cinchonia, cinchonine.

cincle, n.m., (orni.) water-ouzel, dipper.

cinéraire, adj., cinerary.

cinéraire, n.f., (bot.) cineraria.

cinération, n.f., cineration.

cinglage, n.m., ☉run of a ship in twenty-four hours, ship’s course, sailing; (metal.) shingling.

cingler, v.n., to sail before the wind, to scud along.

cingler, v.a., to lash; (metal.) to shingle.

cinglerie, n.f., shingling-house.

cinnamome, n.m., cinnamon.

cinq (sīnk), adj., five.

cinq, n.m., a five; cinque (at games).

cinquantaine, n.f., some fifty; half a hundred.

cinquante, adj., fifty.

☉cinquantenier, n.m., captain of fifty men.

cinquantième (-ti-èm), adj., fiftieth.

cinquantième, n.m., fiftieth part.

cinquième, adj., fifth.

cinquième, n.m., fifth part; pupil on the fifth form. n.f., the fifth form in colleges and public schools.

cinquièmement, adv., fifthly.

cintrage, n.m., arching, curving.

cintre, n.m., arch, semi-circle; curve; (carp.) center-bit. Cette cave est en —; that cellar is built arch-wise. — surbaissé; elliptical arch; adj., (fig.) low, flattened. À plein —; semi-circular.

cintrer, v.a., to arch, to build in the form of an arch, to curve.

cioutat, n.m., cioutat (a kind of grape).

cipaye, n.m., Sepoy.

cipolin, n.m., cipollino, cipolin marble.

cippe, n.m., cippus (column).

cirage, n.m., waxing; blacking; (paint.) cameo with a yellow ground.

circée, n.f., (bot.) enchanter’s nightshade.

circompolaire, adj., circumpolar.

circoncire, v.a., to circumcise.

circoncis, n.m., one who is circumcised.

circonciseur, n.m., circumcisor.

circoncision, n.f., circumcision.

circonférence, n.f., circumference.

circonflexe, n.m. and adj., circumflex accent; circumflex.

circonlocution, n.f., circumlocution.

circonscription, n.f., circumscription, bound; division, district.

circonscrire, v.a., to circumscribe, to encircle, to enclose, to limit, to stint.

circonspect, -e (-pé, -pèkt), adj., circumspect, wary, guarded, discreet, cautious.

circonspection, n.f., circumspection, wariness, caution. Avec —; cautiously.

circonstance, n.f., circumstance, occasion; occurrence, event, conjuncture, case. — aggravante; aggravation. De —; required by or adapted to circumstances. Suivant les —s; as the case may be. Dans les —s critiques; on critical occasions, or in emergencies.

circonstancier, v.a., to state circumstantially; to tell, to detail, to particularize.

circonvallation (-val-la-), n.f., circumvallation.

circonvenir, v.a., to circumvent, to deceive, to impose upon; to over-reach.

circonvention, n.f., circumvention, over-reaching. User de —; to circumvent.

circonvoisin, -e, adj., circumjacent, neighbouring, adjoining.

circonvolution, n.f., circumvolution.

circuit, n.m., circuit; roundabout road; circumlocution.

circulaire, adj., circular, round.

circulaire, n.f., circular.

circulairement (-lèr-mān), adv., circularly.

circulant, -e, adj., circulating.

circulation, n.f., circulation; currency, issue; traffic. Mettre en —; to issue (money).

circulatoire, adj., circulatory, circulating.

circuler, v.n., to circulate; to pass from hand to hand; to spread. Faire —; to make people move on. Circulez, Messieurs! move on, please!

circumnavigateur (-kom-), n.m., circumnavigator.

circumnavigation (-kom-), n.f., circumnavigation.

cire, n.f., wax; beeswax; wax-light. — à cacheter, or — d’Espagne; sealing-wax.

cirer, v.a., to wax, to black (boots). Se —; to be waxed. Se — les bottes; to clean one’s boots.

cirier, n.m., wax-chandler; wax-maker; (bot.) candle-berry, wax-tree.

ciron, n.m., (ent.) flesh-worm, mite.

cirque, n.m., circus.

cirre, n.m., (bot.) tendril; (zoöl.) cirrus.

cirreu-x, -se, adj., ending in a cirrus.

cirrhose, n.f., (med.) cirrhosis.

cirrus, n.m., cirrus, curl-cloud; mare’s tail.

cirsakas, n.m. V. sirsacas.

cirse, n.m., (bot.) horse-thistle. — des champs; way-thistle, field-thistle.

cirsion, n.f., (bot.) cirsium, gentle-thistle.

cirsocèle, n.f., (med.) cirsocele.

cirure, n.f., prepared wax.

*cisaille, n.f., (coin.) clippings or shearings of metals; pl., shears.

*cisailler, v.a., (coin.) to mark, to clip.

cisalpin, -e, adj., Cisalpine.

ciseau, n.m., chisel. — d’orfèvre; graver.

ciseaux, n.m.pl., scissors. — de jardinier; shears. — de tailleur; shears. — boutonnés (surg.); probe-scissors. — mousses (surg.); blunt-pointed scissors.

ciseler (siz-lé), v.a., to chisel, to chase, to carve, to emboss, to sculpture.

ciselet (siz-lè), n.m., graver; chasing tool.

ciseleur (siz-leur), n.m., chaser; carver; sculptor.

ciselure (siz-lur), n.f., chasing, sculpture, carving; chased work, carved work, sculpturing.

cisoires, n.f.pl., bench-shears.

cissite, n.f., aetites, eagle-stone.

cissoïdal, -e, adj., cissoid.

cissoïde, n.f., (geom.) cissoid.

ciste, n.m., (antiq.) basket; (arch.) cist; (bot.) cistus, rock-rose.

cistophore, n.f., (antiq.) cistophora, canephora.

cistophore, n.m., (antiq.) cistophorus.

citadelle, n.f., citadel, fortress, castle.

citadin, n.m., -e, n.f., citizen, burgess; (b.s.) cit; cockney.

citadine, n.f., hackney-coach, fly.

citateur, n.m., quoter; book containing a collection of quotations.

citation, n.f., citation, quotation, quoting; summons. Se faire délivrer une —; to take out a summons. Lancer une —; (jur.) to issue a summons.

cité, n.f., city; town. La céleste —; the heavenly city. Droits de —; the rights of a citizen; freedom (of a city); citizenship.

citer, v.a., to cite, to quote; to name; to summon; to subpœna.

citérieur, -e, adj., citerior, hither.

citerne, n.f., cistern, reservoir, tank.

citerneau, n.m., small cistern or tank.

cithare, n.f., (antiq.) cithara; zither.

citli, n.m., tapeti, Brazilian rabbit.

citole, n.m., a musical instrument, dulcimer.

citoyen, n.m., -ne, n.f. (-in, -è-n), citizen, freeman of a city, patriot.

citragon, n.m., balm-mint.

citrate, n.m., (chem.) citrate.

citrin, -e, adj., citrine, lemon-colored, pale yellow.

citrique, adj., citric.

citron, n.m., citron, lemon; lime; lemon-color. adj., lemon-colored.

citronnade, n.f., lemon-squash.

citronnat, n.m., candied lemon-peel; sugar-plum with lemon-peel in it.

citronné, -e, adj., lemon-flavored.

citronnelle, n.f., balm-mint, garden-mint, citron-water.

citronnier, n.m., lemon-tree; citron-tree.

*citrouille, n.f., pumpkin, gourd.

civade, n.f., a kind of beard-fish.

☉civadière, n.f., (nav.) sprit-sail.

cive or civette, n.f., (bot.) chive.

civet, n.m., — de lièvre; stewed or jugged hare.

civette, n.f., (mam.) civet-cat; civet; (bot.) chive.

civière, n.f., hand-barrow; litter, stretcher.

civil, -e, adj., relating to the community in general; private, plain; civil, courteous, well-bred, gallant. Requête —e; bill of review. Partie —e; the public prosecutor. Droit —; (jur.) common law.

civil, n.m., civil, civil service.

civilement (-mān), adv., civilly; courteously, politely. Mort —; dead in law.

civilisable, adj., civilizable.

civilisat-eur, -rice, adj., civilizing.

civilisation, n.f., civilization.

civiliser, v.a., to civilize.

se civiliser, v.r., to become civilized.

civilité, n.f., civility, good manners, good breeding, politeness, courtesy, manners; compliment, courteousness. Il n’a pas lu la — puérile et honnête; he never learned politeness. Mes —s à Monsieur votre frère; my compliments to your brother. Il est de la —, il est de — de; it is but common civility to.

civique, adj., civic.

civisme, n.m., civism.

clabaud, n.m., (hunt.) liar; (b.s.) babbler, bawler, ranter.

clabaudage, n.m., barking, baying; clamor, bawling.

clabaudement, n.m., peg-peg (i.e., of a wooden leg).

clabauder, v.n., to give tongue (falsely); to clamor, to bawl out.

clabauderie (-bo-drî), n.f., clamor, bawling; ranting, abuse; tall-talk, brawl.

clabaudeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., brawler, clamorer, scold.

claie, n.f., wattle, hurdle; (of a sieve) screen. Passer à la —; to screen.

clair, -e, adj., clear, bright, relucent, shining, luminous; light, lightsome, light-colored; transparent; pure, limpid; thin; plain, manifest, evident, obvious, intelligible, visible. C’est — comme jour; it is as plain as a pike-staff. Etoffe —e; thin, flimsy stuff. Lait —; whey; (of eggs) addled, barren.

clair, n.m., light, clearness; (paint.) light. Il fait — de lune; it is moonlight. Vin tiré au —; racked wine. Tirer au —; to bottle off; to clarify, to fine.

clair, adv., clearly, plain, plainly. Parler — et net; to speak out plainly, openly; not to mince matters. N’y pas voir —; not to see; (fig.) not to understand. Arbres — semés; sparse, thinly scattered trees.

clairçage, n.m., decoloring (of sugar).

claircer, v.a., to decolor; (sugar) to clarify.

claire, n.f., burnt bones; sugar-boiler.

clairée, n.f., clarified sugar.

clairement (klèr-mān), adv., clearly, plainly, distinctly, evidently, intelligibly.

clairet, adj., (of wines) palish, lightish.

clairet, n.m., precious stone that is too pale; pale wine; clairet (an infusion of wine, honey, sugar, and aromatic plants).

clairette, n.f., a kind of grape.

claire-voie, n.f., (—s-—s) opening (in a garden wall); lattice, wicket; (nav.) sky-light. A —; in open work. Semer à —; to sow thin.

clairière, n.f., glade; thin part (in linen).

clair-obscur, n.m., (—s-—s) (paint.) chiaroscuro, clare-obscure, light and shade; mezzotint.

clairon, n.m., clarion, trumpet, bugle; (nav.) rift (in a cloud).

clairsemé, -e, adj., thin, thinly sown, scarce, scattered.

clairvoyance, n.f., sharpness, acuteness, perspicacity; clear-sightedness; clairvoyance.

clairvoyant, -e, adj., clear-sighted, discerning, sharp, acute; clairvoyant.

clameur, n.f., clamor, outcry.

clamponnier, n.m., long pasterned horse.

clan, n.m., clan. Chef de —; chieftain of a clan. Membre d’un —; clansman.

clandestin, -e, adj., clandestine, secret, underhand.

clandestine, n.f., (bot.) broom-rape, mother-wort.

clandestinement (-ti-n-mān), adv., clandestinely, privately, underhandedly.

clandestinité, n.f., clandestineness, secrecy.

clape, n.f., (mec.) sluice.

clapet, n.m., valve, clapper, clack.

clapier, n.m., burrow; hutch.

clapir, v.n., to squeak (of rabbits).

se clapir, v.r., to hide in a hole, to squat, to cower.

clapotage, n.m., rippling, plashing; (nav.) chopping.

clapoter, v.n., to ripple, to plash, to chop.

clapoteu-x, -se, adj., rippling, choppy, plashing; rough.

clapotis, n.m. V. clapotage.

clappement (klap-mān), n.m., clacking, smacking (of the tongue against the palate).

clapper, v.n., to clack, to smack.

claque, n.f., flap, slap, smack; claque (paid clappers at theaters). pl., clogs, galoches. Chapeau à —; cocked hat. Face à —s; sneering face, i.e., which you would like to slap.

claque, n.m., opera hat, crush hat.

claquebois, n.m., (mus.) musical sticks.

claquedent, n.m., (l.u.) poor half-starved wretch, beggar; boaster.

claquement (klak-mān), n.m., clapping, clap; snapping (of the fingers); cracking (of whips); chattering (of the teeth).

claquemurer, v.a., to immure, to coop up, shut up, confine, imprison.

se claquemurer, v.r., to shut one’s self up.

*claque-oreille, n.m.,(—-—s) (pop.) flop hat, slouch hat.

claquer, v.n., to snap, to crack; to clap, to smack, to clack. Faire —; to crack (a whip), to snap (one’s fingers), to smack (one’s tongue). — des mains; to clap. — des dents; to chatter. (fig.) Faire — son fouet; to boast; (fam.) to die, to kick the bucket.

claquer, v.a., to slap, to crack, to smack; (fig.) to applaud.

claquet, n.m., mill-clapper.

claquette, n.f., clapper, rattle.

claqueur, n.m., clapper.

clarification, n.f., clarification, clarifying, fining.

clarificatoire, adj., clarifying.

clarifier, v.a., to clarify, to purify, to fine.

se clarifier, v.r., to clarify, to get clarified, to settle.

clarine, n.f., little bell (for cattle).

clarinette, n.f., (mus.) clarinet, clarionet.

clarté, n.f., light, splendor, clearness, transparency, limpidity, brightness; perspicuity.

classe, n.f., class, order, rank; tribe; form (in a school); school-room, school-time. pl., school-days. En —; in school. Basses —s; junior classes. Hautes —s, —s supérieures; upper classes (of schools). Il a fait toutes ses —s; he has gone through all the forms. L’ouverture, or la rentrée, des —s; the reopening of the schools. Hautes —s; higher classes (of society); (nav.) enrollment.

classement (klas-mān), n.m., classing, classification.

classer, v.a., to class, to sort; (nav.) to enroll.

classeur, n.m., portfolio, sorter.

classicisme, n.m., classicism.

classification, n.f., classification.

classifier, v.a., to classify.

classique, adj., classic, academical; standard (of authors, books).

classique, n.m., classic.

clatir, v.n., (hunt.) to blab (of dogs).

claude, n.m. and adj., (fam.) simpleton, fool, dolt; doltish; silly.

claudication, n.f., claudication, lameness, limping.

claudicant, -e, adj., lame, limping.

clause, n.f., clause, condition, stipulation.

claustral, -e, adj., claustral; monastic.

clavaire, n.f., (bot.) club-top.

clavé, -e, adj., (bot.) club-like.

claveau, n.m., rot, scab (of the sheep); (arch.) key or arch-stone.

clavecin (klav-sin), n.m., harpsichord.

claveciniste, n.m.f., harpsichord-player.

clavelé, -e, adj., (vet.) affected with rot.

clavelée, n.f., rot, scab.

clavette, n.f., (tech.) peg, cotter-pin; key, catch, latch.

clavicule, n.f., clavicle, collar-bone.

claviculé, -e, adj., (zoöl.) having a collar-bone.

clavier, n.m., key-board, key-frame; key-ring.

claviforme, adj., (bot.) clavate, club-shaped.

clayer, n.m., hurdle.

clayère, n.f., oyster-bed; breeding-ground.

claymore, n.f., claymore.

clayon, n.m., small hurdle, stand (for cheese).

clayonnage, n.m., wicker; basket-work.

clef (klé), n.f., key; plug (of cocks); (arch.) crown; fid (of masts); (nav.) hitch; (mus.) clef, tuning-key. Un trousseau de —s; a bunch of keys. — de voûte; keystone of a vault. Fermer une porte à —; to lock a door. La grammaire est la — des sciences; grammar is the key to the sciences. Mettre la — sur la fosse; to relinquish an inheritance. Mettre la — sous la porte; to run away from one’s creditors; to bolt. La — est à la porte; the key is in the door.

clématite, n.f., (bot.) clematis, climber.

clémence, n.f., clemency, mercy, forgiveness, leniency.

clément, -e, adj., clement, merciful, lenient; mild (of the weather).

clémentines, n.f.pl., Clementines (the constitutions of Clement the Fifth).

clenche or clenchette, n.f., thumb-lift of a latch; (mus.) clef.

clephte, n.m., free Greek mountaineer.

clepsydre, n.f., clepsydra, water-clock.

clerc (klèr), n.m., clerk, clergyman; scholar. Petit —; junior clerk. Maître —; head-clerk. Pas de —; blunder. Ce n’est pas un grand —; he is no great scholar.

clergé, n.m., clergy.

clérical, -e, adj., clerical.

cléricalement (-kal-mān), adv., clerically.

cléricalisme, n.m., clericalism.

cléricature, n.f., clerkship, apprenticeship, articles; ministry, holy orders.

cléristère, n.m., (arch.) clearstory, clerestory.

clic-clac, n.m., cracking (of a whip).

clichage, n.m., stereotyping, casting.

cliché, n.m., stereotype plate; (photo.) negative; (sculp.) cast.

clicher, v.a., to stereotype.

clicheur, n.m., stereotyper.

client, n.m., -e, n.f., client (of lawyers); patient (of physicians); customer (of tradesmen).

cliéntèle, n.f., clients; practice (of physicians); (Rom. antiq.) protection, patronage, business; custom (of tradesmen); connection. Se faire une —; to form a connection.

clifoire, n.f., squirt (toy).

*clignement, n.m., winking, blinking, wink.

☉*cligne-musette, n.f., (n.p.) hide and seek.

*cligner, v.a., to blink, to wink, to twinkle.

*clignotant, -e, adj., winking, blinking.

*clignotement (kli-gnot-mān), n.m., winking, twinkling, blinking.

*clignoter, v.n., to wink, to twinkle, to blink.

climat, n.m., climate, clime.

climatérique, adj., climacteric, climatic.

climatérique, n.f., climacteric, climatic. La grande —; the great climacteric.

climax (-maks), n.m., (l.u.) (rhet.) climax.

clin, n.m., wink (of an eye); (archit.) louvre-boarding; (nav.) clincher-work. À —; clincher-built. Faire un — d’œil à quelqu’un; to wink at any one. En un — d’œil; in the twinkling of an eye, in an instant, in a trice.

*clincaille, clincaillerie, clincaillier. V. quincaille, quincaillerie, quincaillier.

clinique, adj., clinic, clinical.

clinique, n.f., clinical surgery, clinical medicine, or lectures.

clinquant, n.m., tinsel; glitter; affectation; foil.

clinquanter, v.a., to cover with tinsel.

clique, n.f., set, coterie, party; clique. Emporter ses —s et ses claques; to pack bag and baggage, to be off.

cliquet, n.m., click; catch.

cliqueter (klik-té), v.n., to clack, to click.

cliquetis (klik-tî), n.m., clanking of arms, clash; clatter; rattling, jingle.

cliquettes (kli-kèt), n.f.pl., snappers, bones.

clisse, n.f., wicker-mat; (surg.) splint.

clissé, -e, adj., cased in wicker.

clitoris (-rî), n.m., (anat.) clitoris.

clivage, n.m., (min.) cleavage.

cliver, v.a., to cleave (diamonds). Se —; to be cleft.

cloaque, n.m., sink; cess-pool, sewer; filthy hole; (anat.) cloaca.

cloche, n.f., bell; blister (on the hands, feet); cover, dish-cover; (cook.) stew-pan; (gard.) bell-glass, hand-glass; (chem., phys.) receiver. — de plongeur; diving-bell; (nav.) barrel (of a capstan). Tinter les —s; to toll the bells. Qui n’entend qu’une — n’entend qu’un son; one should hear both sides of a question.

clochement (klosh-mān), n.m., hobbling, halting, limping; lameness.

cloche-pied, n.m., (n.p.) hopping on one leg. À —; upon one foot, hopping. Aller à —; to hop.

clocher, n.m., steeple, belfry, parish. Course au —; steeple-chase. Avoir la maladie du —; to be homesick. Il n’a jamais quitté son — de vue; he has never been out of his parish. Esprit de —; narrowmindedness; prejudice, short-sightedness.

clocher, v.n., to halt, to limp, to hobble. — du pied droit; to limp with the right foot. Raisonnement qui cloche; lame argument. Il y a quelque chose qui cloche; there’s something wrong somewhere; a hitch somewhere.

clocher, v.a., (gard.) to cover with a glass-bell.

clocheton, n.m., little steeple, bell-turret.

clochette, n.f., small bell, hand-bell; (bot.) bell-flower.

cloison, n.f., partition (of boards or masonry), division, compartment; (anat., bot.) partition; (nav.) bulkhead.

cloisonnage, n.m., partition-work, wainscoting.

cloisonné, -e, adj., (bot.) valved; (conch.) chambered, wainscoted.

cloisonner, v.a., to partition.

cloître, n.m., cloister; close; monastery.

cloîtré, -e, adj., cloistered (of a person).

cloîtrer, v.a., to shut up in a cloister, to cloister, to immure.

cloîtrier, n.m., cloister monk.

clopin-clopant, adv., limpingly, haltingly; hobbling along.

clopiner, v.n., to limp, to halt, to hobble.

cloporte, n.m., (ent.) multiped, woodlouse.

cloque, n.f., blister; (agri.) brown rust.

clore, v.a., to inclose, to fence, to shut in; to end, to finish, to conclude; to close (accounts, discussions, a session).

clore, v.n., to close, to shut.

clos, -e, part., closed, tight, shut, sealed. A huis —; with closed doors. Bouche —e; mum’s the word. Champ —; lists. Ce sont lettres —es; it’s a secret. — et couvert; wind and water tight.

clos, n.m., close; inclosure, field. — de vigne; vineyard.

closeau, n.m., small garden.

closerie, n.f., small farm; bit of land.

clossement, n.m. V. gloussement.

closser, v.n. V. glousser.

clôture, n.f., inclosure, fence; seclusion (of nuns); closing, close, (parl.) closure, proroguing. Mettre une —; to inclose.

clôturer, v.a., (jur., parliament) to close, to prorogue.

clou, n.m., nail, hobnail, spike; stud; (med.) carbuncle, boil; clove. — à crochet; tenter-hook. —s à vis; clincher-nails. Enfoncer un —; to drive a nail. River le — à quelqu’un; to clinch any one’s argument. Cela ne vaut pas un — à soufflet; that’s not worth a straw, a rap; (lit., a tin-tack). Un — chasse l’autre; one idea drives away another.

clouage, clouement, n.m., nailing; nail-work.

clouer, v.a., to nail; to fix; to rivet; to detain, to confine.

se clouer, v.r., to buckle to; to be nailed (of a thing).

clouter, v.a., to adorn with nails, to stud.

clouterie (-trî), n.f., nail manufactory, nail-trade.

cloutier (-tié), n.m., nail-maker, nail-dealer.

cloutière, n.f., anvil for making nails.

clovisse, n.m., (conch.) winkle.

cloyère, n.f., oyster-basket.

club, n.m., club, assembly.

clubiste, n.m.f., member of a club.

clysoir, n.m., clyster-pipe.

☉clystère, n.m., injection, clyster, enema.

clystériser, v.a., (jest.) to give clysters.

cnique (knik), n.m., (bot.) horse-thistle.

co (prefix used in composition, signifying with, conjointly), co.

coaccusé, n.m., -e, n.f., fellow-prisoner; co-respondent.

coacquéreur, n.m., co-purchaser, co-buyer; joint buyer.

coacti-f, -ve, adj., coactive, coercive.

coaction, n.f., coaction.

coadjut-eur, n.m., -trice, n.f., coadjutor, coadjutrix.

coadjutorerie (-torirî), n.f., coadjutorship.

coadné, -e, adj., (bot.) joined, coadunate.

coadunation, n.f., coadunation.

coagulant, -e, adj., coagulative.

coagulation, n.f., coagulation, congealing.

coaguler, v.a., to coagulate, to congeal.

se coaguler, v.r., to coagulate, to congeal.

coagulum (-lom), n.m., (chem.) coagulum.

coalescence, n.f., coalescence.

coalescent, -e, adj., coalescent.

se coaliser, v.r., to coalesce, to league, to unite, to combine.

coalition, n.f., coalition.

coassement (ko-as-mān), n.m., croaking (of frogs).

coasser, v.n., to croak (of frogs).

coassocié, n.m., (com.) co-partner, fellow-partner.

coati, n.m., (mam.) coati.

cobalt, n.m., (min.) cobalt.

cobaye, n.m., guinea-pig.

cobéa, n.m., (bot.) cobæa.

cobelligérant, -e, adj., cobelligerent.

cobit, n.m., (ich.) cobitis, loach.

cobourgeois, n.m., co-partner in a ship.

cobra-capello, n.m., (—) hooded-snake, spectacle-snake.

coca, n.m., (bot.) coca, erythroxylon coca.

*cocagne, n.f., feast, treat; the land of milk and honey. Mât de —; greasy pole. Pays de —; the land of plenty.

cocarde, n.f., cockade, ear-knot.

cocasse, adj., (pop.) odd, laughable, ridiculous, comical, droll.

cocasserie, n.f., drollery, caricature.

cocatrix, n.m., cockatrice.

coccifère, adj., (bot.) cocciferous.

coccinelle, n.f., (ent.) lady-bird, lady-cow.

coccoloba, n.m. (—), (bot.) grape-tree.

coccyx (kok-sis), n.m., (anat.) coccyx.

☉coche, n.m., barge; coach. — d’eau; tow-barge. Manquer le —; to let slip the opportunity. C’est la mouche du —; he is a busy-body. Le siège du —; the coachman’s box.

coche, n.f., notch, score; sow, she-pig. Faire une —; to notch.

cochenillage, n.m., cochineal.

*cochenille (kosh-), n.f., cochineal.

*cocheniller, v.a., to dye with cochineal.

*cochenillier, n.m., cochineal-fig, nopal.

cocher, n.m., coachman, driver; (astron.) Auriga. — de fiacre, de cabriolet; hackney coachman, cabman.

cocher, v.n., to tread (of birds).

côcher, v.a., to notch.

cochère, adj.f., for carriages. Porte —; carriage-entrance, gateway.

cochet, n.m., young cock.

cochevis (kosh-vi), n.m., tufted or crested lark.

cochléaria (-klé-), n.m., (bot.) cochlearia, scurvy-grass.

cochon, n.m., hog, pig, boar, porker; (metal.) pig, dross. — de lait; sucking-pig. — d’Inde or de Barbarie; Guinea-pig. C’est un —; he is a dirty fellow. Avoir gardé les —s ensemble; to be hail fellows well met.

cochonnée, n.f., litter (of pigs).

cochonner, v.n., to farrow, to pig.

cochonner, v.a., to do a thing in a slovenly manner, to botch.

cochonnerie (ko-sho-n-rî), n.f., nastiness, filth; beastliness, beastly or blackguard action or language, obscenity; trash, rubbish.

cochonnet, n.m., young pig; die with twelve sides; jack (at bowls).

coco, n.m., cocoa, cocoa-nut; liquorice-water; (fam.) chap, fellow, darling; horse, nag.

cocon, n.m., cocoon.

cocorico. V. coquerico.

cocorli, n.m., (orni.) dunlin; purr; sea-lark.

cocotier (-tié), n.m., cocoa-tree.

cocréancier, n.m., joint-creditor.

cocrète, n.f., (bot.) yellow-rattle. — des prés; lousewort.

coction, n.f., coction, boiling.

cocu, n.m., (l.ex.) cuckold.

cocuage, n.m., (l.ex.) cuckoldom.

cocufier, v.a., (l.ex.) to cuckold.

code, n.m., code, digest, collection of laws; law; (phar.) pharmacopœia.

codébit-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., joint-debtor.

codécimateur, n.m., fellow tithe-owner.

codemandeur, n.m., co-plaintiff, joint-plaintiff.

codétenteur, n.m., joint-holder.

codétenu, -e, n.m. and f., fellow-prisoner.

codex (-deks), n.m., pharmacopœia.

codicillaire, adj., contained in a codicil.

codicille, n.m., codicil.

codification, n.f., codification.

codifier, v.a., to codify.

*codille, n.m., codille (at the game of ombre).

codonataire, n.m.f., joint donor or donee.

cœcum. V. cæcum.

coefficient, n.m., (alg.) coefficient.

coégal, -e, adj., coequal.

coégalité, n.f., coequality.

coemption, n.f., coemption.

coéquation, n.f., assessment of taxes.

coercible, adj., coercible.

coerciti-f, -ve, adj., coercive.

coercition, n.f., coercion.

coéternel, -le, adj., coeternal.

coéternité, n.f., coeternity.

cœur (keur), n.m., heart, mind, soul; courage, spirit, spiritedness, mettle; stomach; core; depth; hearts (cards); middle, midst. Mal au —; sickness. Serrement de —; heartpang. Du fond de son —; from the bottom of one’s heart. Au — dur; hard-hearted. De —; with one’s whole heart, with all one’s might. À vous de —; affectionately yours. Avoir le — contrit; to be of a contrite heart. Le — lui saigne; his heart bleeds. Avoir à —, prendre à —; to have at heart. Cela lui tient au —; he has set his heart upon it. Avoir quelque chose sur le —; to have something on one’s mind. Le — me le disait bien; my heart misgave me. Si le — vous en dit; if you feel inclined. Il a le — au métier; he loves his business. Il a le — porté à cela; he is bent upon it. Avoir le — tendre; to be tender-hearted. Il a le — bien placé; his heart is in the right place. Il n’a point de —; he has no spirit. Sans —; heartless. Avoir le — bas; to be mean-spirited. Avoir le — sur les lèvres; to be open-hearted. Soulèvement de —; rising of the stomach. J’ai mal au —; I feel sick. Avoir le — mort; to be sick at heart. Ouvrir, décharger, son — à quelqu’un; to unbosom one’s self to any one. En avoir le — net; to know the rights of any thing. Au — de l’hiver; in the depth of winter. À contre-—; against one’s will, reluctantly, against the grain. De bon —; heartily. De grand —; gladly, willingly, with pleasure. De tout mon —; with all my heart. De gaîté de —; in sheer wantonness. À — joie; to one’s heart’s content. Par —; by heart. Dîner par —; to dine with Duke Humphrey (i.e., to go without dinner). Tant que le — me battra; to the last drop of my blood. Tenir au —; to stick in one’s throat. Avoir le — brisé; to be broken-hearted. Avoir le — fendu; to be cut to the heart. Loin des yeux loin du —; out of sight, out of mind. Avoir le — gros; to be ready, to cry, to have one’s heart full. C’est un crevé —; it is a heart-rending thing. Mettre du — au ventre à quelqu’un; to give heart to any one. Faire contre fortune bon —; to put a good face upon matters.

coexistant, -e, adj., co-existent.

coexistence, n.f., co-existence.

coexister, v.n., to co-exist.

coffre, n.m., chest, trunk, coffer; (hunt.) carcase; drum (of a mill); (print.) coffin. — de sûreté; strong box. — de bord; sea-chest. Elle est belle au —; she has golden charms (i.e., is rich), Un —-fort, (—s-—s) a strong box. Avoir le — bon; to be strong chested.

coffrer, v.a., (fam.) to imprison, lock up.

coffret, n.m., little chest or trunk, casket.

coffretier (-tié), n.m., trunk-maker.

cofidéjusseur, n.m., joint surety.

*cognasse, n.f., wild quince.

*cognassier, n.m., wild quince-tree.

cognat, n.m., cognate.

cognation, n.f., cognation.

*cognée, n.f., ax, hatchet. Mettre la — à l’arbre; to lay the ax to the tree; to begin an enterprise. Aller au bois sans —; to go to sea without biscuit (i.e. to be unprepared). Jeter le manche après la —; to give a thing up in despair.

*cogne-fétu, n.m., (—, or —-—s) (pop.) great worker, little doer; fussy-do-nothing.

*cogner, v.a., to knock in, to drive in, to bump.

*se cogner, v.r., to knock up against, to hit, to strike one’s self.

cogniti-f, -ve, adj., (philos.) cognitive.

*cognoir, n.m., (print.) shooting-stick.

cohabitation, n.f., cohabitation.

cohabiter, v.n., to cohabit.

cohérence, n.f., coherency.

cohérent, -e, adj., coherent.

cohériter, v.n., to inherit conjointly.

cohériti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., co-heir, co-heiress.

cohésion, n.f., cohesion.

cohobation, n.f., (chem.) cohobation.

cohober, v.a., (chem.) to cohobate.

cohorte, n.f., cohort, band, crew, troop, horde, gang.

cohue, n.f., rout, mob, crush, tumultuous crowd, clamorous multitude; (fig.) court of justice.

coi, -te, adj., quiet, still, snug.

coiffe, n.f., head-dress; caul, hood (of children); skull-cap; net; (bot.) galla. — de chapeau; lining of a hat.

coiffer, v.a., to put (anything) on one’s head; to dress the hair; to infatuate; to throw at any one’s head; to make tipsy; (hunt.) to take by the ears; (nav.) to back; to cap (bottles); (arch.) to cap. Être bien coiffé; to have one’s hair well dressed; to have a hat that becomes one. Enfant né coiffé; child born with a caul upon its head. Il est né coiffé; he was born to fortune or with a silver spoon in his mouth. — sainte Catherine; to remain an old maid. Du vin coiffé; mixed wine. — une bouteille; to cap a bottle. Chien bien coiffé; dog with a handsome head and long ears. Cette femme coiffe son mari; that woman deceives her husband. Il est coiffé de cette femme; he is bewitched, smitten with that woman. — une voile; to back a sail.

se coiffer, v.r., to wear (on one’s head); to dress one’s hair; to get intoxicated; to be infatuated with; (nav.) to be laid aback. Se — de faux cheveux; to wear false hair. Se — en cheveux; to wear no cap.

coiffer, v.n., to dress hair; to become; to suit; (nav.) to be laid aback.

coiffeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., hairdresser.

coiffure, n.f., head-dress, style of arranging the hair.

coin, n.m., corner, angle, nook, coin; (coin.) stamp; (railways) pin; (print.) quoin; clock (of stockings); (tech.) gad; (mec.) wedge. Il n’a pas bougé du — du feu; he has never been from home. Être marqué au —; to bear the stamp of. Frappé au bon —; of the right sort, excellent in every way. Il mourra au — d’un bois (d’une laie); he will die destitute. —s et recoins; cricks and corners, nooks and crannies. Jouer aux quatre —s; to play puss in the corner.

coinçage, n.m., wedging, keying.

coincer, v.a., to wedge.

coïncidence, n.f., coincidence.

coïncident, adj., coincident.

coïncider, v.n., to coincide, to be coincident.

coïndication, n.f., (med.) coindication.

coïng (coin), n.m., quince.

coïntéressé, n.m., associate, partner having a joint interest with another.

coïon or couillon, n.m., (l.ex.) dastard, coward.

coïonner or couillonner, v.a., (l.ex.) to use one scurvily, to make a fool of one; to call one a coward.

coïonner or couillonner, v.n., (l.ex.) to joke, to gammon, to humbug.

coïonnerie (ko-io-n-rî) or couillonnerie, couillonnade, n.f., (l.ex.) dastardliness, a mean, low action; gammon, humbug.

coït, n.m., coition, copulation.

coite, n.f. V. couette.

cojouissance, n.f., joint use.

coke, n.m., coke.

col, n.m., neck (of the body); cravat; neck (of bottles, of mountains); pad, stiffener; collar. Faux —; collar. — droit; stand-up collar. — de cravate; stiffener. — de la vessie, de la matrice; neck of the bladder, of the womb.

colarin, n.m., (arch.) gorgerin.

colas, n.m., booby, fool.

colature, n.f., (pharm.) colature, straining.

colback, n.m., colback, busby.

colchique, n.m., meadow-saffron, colchicum.

colcotar, n.m., (chem.) colcothar.

colégataire, n.m., co-legatee.

coléoptère, adj., coleopterous. n.m., coleopter, beetle.

coléoptères, n.m.pl., coleoptera.

colère, n.f., passion, anger, wrath, rage, fury. Accès de —; fit of passion. Être en —; to be angry. Se mettre en —; to fly into a passion.

colère, adj., passionate, hasty, choleric.

colérique, adj., choleric, irascible, passionate.

coliart, n.m., (ich.) skate.

colibri, n.m., humming-bird.

colicitant, n.m., (jur.) co-vendor.

colifichet, n.m., knick-knack, gew-gaw, trifle, bauble, trumpery, toy, bird-cake.

colimaçon, n.m., snail.

colin, n.m., (ich.) coal-fish.

*colin-maillard, n.m., (n.p.) blindman’s-buff; blindman (at blindman’s buff).

colin-tampon, n.m., (n.p.) a Swiss beating of drum. Je m’en moque comme de —; (pop.) I do not care a fig about it.

colique, n.f., colic, griping; stomach-ache. pl., after-pains. — saturnine; painter’s colic.

colis, n.m., package, parcel, bale, case, article.

colisée, n.m., Coliseum; Colosseum.

collaborat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., (kol-la-), fellow-laborer, assistant, associate, contributor.

collaboration (kol-la-), n.f., assistance, contribution, coöperation.

collaborer, v.n., to work together, to coöperate.

collage, n.m., pasting, gluing, sizing (of paper); paper-hanging.

collant, -e, adj., sticky, tight, close-fitting.

collants, n.m.pl., tights.

collapsus (-sus), n.m., (med.) collapse.

collataire (kol-la-tè-r), n.m., one who has been collated to a benefice.

collatéral, -e (kol-la-), adj., collateral.

collatéral, n.m., (jur.) collateral.

☉collatérale, n.f., aisle (of churches).

collatéralement, adv., (jur.) collaterally.

collateur (kol-la-), n.m., collator.

collati-f, -ve (kol-la-), adj., collative.

collation (kol-la-cion), n.f., collation.

collation (ko-la-cion), n.f., collation, light repast; (eccl.) advowson-gift.

collationner (kol-la-cio-né), v.a., to collate, to compare.

collationner (ko-la-cio-né), v.n., to make a light repast; to take a collation.

colle, n.f., paste, glue; sham, fib, bouncer, cracker. — forte; glue. — à bouche; mouth-glue. — de poisson; isinglass.

collecte (kol-lèkt), n.f., gathering; collection (of money); collect (prayer).

collecteur (kol-lèk-teur), n.m., collector, tax-gatherer.

collecti-f, -ve (kol-lèk-), adj., collective.

collectif (kol-lèk-), n.m., collective noun.

collection (kol-lèk-cion), n.f., collection; set, file.

collectionner (kol-lèk-cio-né), v.a., to collect, to make collections of things.

collectionneu-r (kol-lèk-cio-), n.m., -se, n.f., collector.

collectivement (kol-lèk-tiv-mān), adv., collectively.

collège, n.m., college, grammar-school. — électoral; assembly of electors; constituency.

collégial, -e, adj., collegial; collegiate. Eglise —e; a collegiate church.

collégiale, n.f., collegiate church.

collégialement, adv., scholastically.

collégien (-ji-in), n.m., collegian, school-boy.

collègue (kol-lèg), n.m., colleague.

collement, n.m., (med.) cohesion, adhesion.

coller, v.a., to paste, to glue; to size; to stick together; to clear (with isinglass); to stump (embarrass any one); to plow (at exam.); to hang (paper). Être collé; to be close up against the cushion (at billiards). J’ai été collé; I was plowed.

se coller, v.r., to stick to; to cake; to apply closely to; (at billiards) to be right up against the cushion.

coller, v.n., to stick, to adhere; to fit tight (of clothes). Ce pantalon colle bien; those trousers fit nicely.

collerette (kol-rèt), n.f., collar (for ladies); (bot.) involucrum; (tech.) flange.

collet, n.m., collar (of a gown, coat); cape; bands (for the neck); neck (of teeth); (hunt.) snare; crown (of anchors); (tech.) collet; clergyman. — montant; stand-up collar. — rabattu; turned-down collar. Petit —; one of the cloth, young clergyman. — monté; buckram collar. Un — monté; a stuck-up, strait-laced, prudish person. — de mouton; neck of mutton. Prendre, saisir, quelqu’un au —; to collar any one. Prêter le — à quelqu’un; to cope with any one, to try one’s strength with any one. Tendre un —; to set a snare.

colleter (kol-té), v.a., to collar any one, to seize any one by the neck.

se colleter, v.r., to collar each other; to lay hold of each other by the collar, to grapple with, to wrestle.

colleter, v.n., to set snares (for game).

colleteur, n.m., gin-setter; (pop.) wrangler, fighter.

colleur, n.m., paper-hanger; gluer; paster; bill-sticker; sizer.

collier, n.m., collar; ring (mark round the neck of certain animals); bow (of spurs); (arch., tech.) collar; necklace. Cheval de —; draught-horse. — de force; training collar. — de misère; drudgery. Donner un coup de —; to make a strenuous effort. Être franc du —; never to shirk one’s work; to be always in earnest; (of a horse) to work well.

☉colliger, v.a., to collect, to cull.

colline, n.f., hill, hillock. La double —; Parnassus. Gagner la —; to take to one’s heels. Le penchant d’une —; the declivity of a hill; a hill-slope.

colliquati-f, -ve (kol-li-koua-), adj., (med.) colliquative.

colliquation (kol-li-koua-), n.f., (med.) colliquation, melting.

collision (kol-li-), n.f., collision.

collocation (kol-lo-) n.f., collocation; setting in order, rank. — de l’argent; investing of money.

collodion, n.m., collodion.

colloque (kol-lok), n.m., colloquy, conference, dialogue.

colloquer (kol-lo-ké), v.a., to rank, to place in order; to place. v.n., to colloquize.

colluder (kol-lu-dé), v.n., to collude.

collusion (kol-lu-zion), n.f., collusion, prevarication. User de —; to prevaricate.

collusoire (kol-lu-zoar), adj., collusory, collusive.

collusoirement (kol-lu-zoar-mān), adv., collusively.

collyre, n.m., (med.) collyrium, eye-salve.

colmatage, n.m., (agri.) warping (of land).

colmate, n.m., warp, warped land.

colmater, v.a., to warp (land).

colombage, n.m., (carp.) stud-work, joists.

colombe, n.f., dove; (carp.) joist, upright.

colombier, n.m., dove-cot, pigeon-house; (print.) pigeon-hole, gap. Faire venir les pigeons au —; to draw customers to the shop. Grand —; atlas paper.

colombin, -e, adj., columbine, dove-color.

colombin, n.m., (min.) lead ore; (orni.) stock-dove.

colombine, n.f., pigeon-dung, fowls’-dung; (bot.) columbine.

colombo, n.m., (bot.) calumba, colombo.

colon, n.m., colonist, planter; cultivator; West Indian settler.

côlon, n.m., (anat.) colon.

colonel, n.m., colonel. Grade de —; colonelcy.

colonelle, n.f. and adj., ☉colonel’s company; colonel’s wife.

colonial, -e, adj., colonial.

colonie, n.f., colony, settlement.

colonisation, n.f., colonizing, colonisation.

coloniser, v.a., to establish a colony, to colonize.

colonnade, n.f., (arch.) colonnade.

colonne, n.f., column, pillar; bed-post; row (of units, tens); (milit., nav., phys., print., arch.) column. — cannelée; fluted column. — plaquée; pilaster. — torse; wreathed column.

colonnette, n.f., little column.

colophane, n.f., black rosin, colophony.

coloquinte, n.f., colocynth; bitter apple.

colorant, -e, adj., coloring.

coloration, n.f., coloration.

coloré, -e, part., colored. Vin —; deep-colored wine. Teint —; ruddy complexion.

colorer, v.a., to color, to dye; to varnish; to color (to give a false appearance to).

se colorer, v.r., to color (of a thing).

coloriage, n.m., (paint.) coloring.

colorier, v.a., to color, to illuminate.

coloris, n.m., color, hue; (paint.) coloring.

coloriste, n.m., colorer; colorist.

colossal, -e, adj., colossal, of giant proportions.

colosse, n.m., colossus, giant.

colostrum, n.m., (n.p.) (med.) colostrum.

colportage, n.m., hawking; peddling; peddlery; book-stall trade.

colporter, v.a., to hawk about; to retail; to spread. — une nouvelle; to retail a piece of news.

colporteur, n.m., hawker, peddler; spreader of news.

coltis, n.m., (nav.) beak-head.

colure, n.m., (astron., geog.) colure.

columelle, n.f., (bot.) columella.

colza, n.m., colza, rape, rape-seed.

coma, n.m., (med.) coma.

comateu-x, -se, adj., comatose.

combat (kon-ba), n.m., combat, fight, battle; fighting; contest, action, engagement, struggle; strife, warring. — singulier; single combat. — à outrance; mortal combat. — égal; drawn battle. — simulé; sham fight. Au fort du —; in the thick of the fight. Être hors de —; to be disabled. Mettre hors de —; to disable. Faire branle-bas de —; (nav.) to clear for action.

combattable, adj., combatable.

combattant, n.m., combatant, fighting man, champion; (orni.) ruff.

combattre, v.a., to fight, to combat; to wage war against, to battle with, to dispute, to contest, to strive against. — une opinion; to combat an opinion.

se combattre, v.r., to combat; to contend with each other.

combattre, v.n., to fight, to combat, to war, to contend, to vie with one another, to struggle. — de politesse; to vie with one another in politeness.

☉combe, n.f., valley.

combien (kon-bi-in), adv., how much, how many; how; how far; how long; what. En — de temps? in how long? — y a-t-il depuis cela? how long is it since then? — cela vaut-il? what is that worth? À — évaluez-vous cela? What price do you put upon that?

combinaison, n.f., combination; contrivance; ingenuity; management; calculation.

combinat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., combiner, contriver.

combiné, -e, part., united; (chem.) combined.

combiner, v.a., to combine, to contrive.

se combiner, v.r., to combine, to be contrived.

comble, n.m., heaping (of measure); consummation; fulfillment; zenith; acme; summit, height, top, complement. pl., roof, roof-timbers. Ferme des —s; (carp.) framing of a roof. De fond en —; from top to bottom. Ruiné de fond en —; utterly ruined. La mesure est au —; the measure is full. Pour — de gloire; to complete his glory. Pour — de malheur; to crown all; to cap our misfortune. Au — de; at the height of. Mettre le — à; to complete, to crown.

comble, adj., heaped up full to the top. Salle —; house full, packed.

combleau, n.m., (mil.) gun-tackle.

comblement, n.m., filling up, heaping up.

combler, v.a., to heap, to heap up, to make up, to fill up, to crown; to cover (deficit); to complete; to overwhelm. — de faveurs; to load with favors.

comblète, n.f., (hunt.) cleft (of a deer’s foot).

combrière, n.f., tunny net.

combuger, v.a., to rinse out (casks).

comburant, -e, adj., (chem.) burning.

combustible, n.m., combustible.

combustible, n.m., fuel, firing; (chem.) combustible.

combustibilité, n.f., combustibility.

combustion (kon-bus-tion), n.f., combustion, conflagration, flame; (fig.) tumult, uproar.

comédie, n.f., comedy, play; play-house, theatre; shamming, farce; players; play-book. Donner la —; to make people laugh; to be the laughing-stock. Jouer une —; to act a play. Le sujet, l’intrigue, le dénouement, d’une —; the subject, plot, upshot, of a comedy.

comédien, n.m., -ne, n.f. (-di-in, di-è-n), comedian, actor, actress, player; hypocrite, dissembler. Troupe de —s; company of actors. —s ambulants; strolling players.

comestible, adj., eatable; edible.

comestible, n.m., eatable. pl., eatables, provisions, victuals.

cométaire, adj., cometary.

comète, n.f., comet; kind of game at cards; satin ribbon; peculiar kind of firework. — chevelue; haired comet. — barbue; bearded comet. — à queue; tailed comet. Vin de la —; wine of the year 1811.

cométographie, n.f., cometography.

comices, n.f.pl., (antiq.) comitia.

comicial, -e, adj., comitial.

comifère, adj., (bot.) comose.

comique, adj., comical, ludicrous, laughable, funny. Le genre —; comedy. Acteur —; comic actor.

comique, n.m., the comic art, comedy; comical part or side; comic actor or author or singer. Avoir du — dans la figure; to have a comical face.

comiquement (-mān), adv., comically, humorously.

☉comite or come, n.m., overseer of a crew of galley-slaves, warder.

comité, n.m., meeting of a few persons; small party; committee, board. — permanent; standing committee. La chambre formée en —; a committee of the whole house. Petit —; a small party; select few. En petit —; among ourselves. Dîner en petit —; to have a small dinner party of intimate friends. — de lecture; a committee for deciding upon the performance of new plays.

comma, n.m., (print.) colon; (mus.) comma.

command, n.m., (jur.) purchaser; principal.

commandant, adj., (milit., nav.) commanding; (fig.) imposing, dictatorial.

commandant, n.m., (milit., nav.) commandant, major. — de place; governor (of a fortified town). — de la marine; flag-officer. — d’une escadre; commodore. Bien, mon —! very well, major.

commande, n.f., order. Ouvrage de —; work done to order. Marchandise de —; goods, bespoken. Sur —; to order. Maladie de —; feigned sickness. Louanges de —; forced praise.

commandement, n.m., command, order; word of command; manner of commanding; writ, order; commandment, precept, law, rule, injunction. Il a tout à son —; he has all things at command. Être de —; to be prescribed or ordered. Secrétaire des —s; private secretary (to a prince).

commander, v.a., to command, to order, to govern; to have the command of; to bespeak; to overlook. Cette tour commande la ville; that tower overlooks the town.

commander, v.n., to command, to rule; to direct; to order, to bid; (milit., nav.) to give the word of command. — à ses passions; to master one’s passions. — à la route (nav.); to shape a ship’s course.

se commander, v.r., to control oneself.

commanderie (ko-mān-drî), n.f., commandery.

commandeur, n.m., commander (in orders of knighthood).

commanditaire, n.m., sleeping partner.

commandite, n.f., limited joint-stock company.

commanditer, v.a., to finance a commercial undertaking, to become a sleeping partner.

comme, adv., as, like; so; almost, nearly; as it were, as if; how, in what way; so much. — aussi; (jur.) and likewise. Faites — lui; do like him. — ci — cela; so so, indifferently. Il est — mort; he is almost dead. La lumière est — l’une des couleurs; light is, as it were, one of the colors. — vous me traitez; how badly you treat me. Vous voyez — il travaille; you see how hard he works. — quoi; as how.

comme, conj., as, seeing that, since, because.

commémoraison, n.f., (c.rel.) commemoration, remembrance, mention, of a saint.

commémorati-f, -ve, adj., commemorative.

commémoration (kom-mé-), n.f., (c.rel.) commemoration. La — des morts; commemoration of the dead; All-Souls’-Day. Faire — de quelqu’un; (fam.) to make mention of any one.

commémorer, v.a., (neologism) to commemorate, to remember, to recollect.

commençant, n.m., -e, n.f., beginner, novice, tyro.

commencement (ko-māns-mān), n.m., beginning, commencement; setting in. Au —; in the beginning, at first. Les —s sont toujours difficiles; beginnings are always difficult.

commencer, v.a., to begin, to commence; to initiate, to impart the first principles to. — quelqu’un; to initiate, to begin with anyone. — un cheval; to begin training a horse.

commencer, v.n., to commence, begin. Lors-qu’il commença de parler; when he began speaking. Cet enfant commence à parler; this child begins to speak. [Commencer de indicates an action which will have an ending; commencer à indicates an action which will go on progressing.] N’a pas fait qui commence; the beginning is not every thing. À moitié fait qui commence bien; a good beginning is half the battle.

commendataire, adj., (canon law) commendatory.

commende, n.f., (canon law) commendam.

commender, v.a., to give in commendam.

commensal, n.m., -e, n.f., habitual guest; boarder; officer admitted to the royal table. Être — d’une maison; to be habitually a guest in a house. Être commensaux; to be companions at meals.

commensalité, n.f., right of admission to the royal table.

commensurabilité, n.f., (math.) commensurableness, commensurability.

commensurable, adj., (math.) commensurable.

commensuration, n.f., (math.) commensuration.

comment, adv., how, in what manner; why, wherefore; what! indeed! — cela? how is that? — faire? what is to be done? How can it be helped? —! vous voulez le faire; what! you wish to do it!

comment, n.m., the reason, the why and the wherefore. Savoir le pourquoi et le —; to know the why and the wherefore.

commentaire, n.m., commentary, comment, exposition; remark, observation. Point de —! (fam.) no impertinent remarks!

commentateur, n.m., commentator, annotator.

commenter, v.a., to comment, to criticise, to explain, expound, annotate.

commenter, v.n., to criticise; to comment upon.

commérage, n.m., gossiping; gossip, tittle-tattle.

commerçable, adj., negotiable.

commerçant, n.m., trader, merchant, tradesman.

commerçant, -e, adj., commercial, mercantile; trading.

commerce, n.m., commerce, trade, trading, traffic; intercourse, communication, correspondence, acquaintance, communion, conversation; a game at cards. — des colonies, — avec les colonies; colonial trade. Affaires de —; mercantile affairs. Femme de —; tradeswoman. Fond de —; business, stock. Être dans le —; to be in business, in trade. — en gros; wholesale trade. — en détail; retail trade. Il fait un gros —; he drives a roaring trade. Chambre de —; chamber of commerce. — de galanterie; intrigue. Lier — avec quelqu’un; to establish a correspondence with anyone. Liez — avec lui; get acquainted with him. Être d’un — sur; to be a person to be depended upon.

commercer, v.n., to trade, to drive a trade, to traffic in.

commercial, -e, adj., commercial.

commercialement, adv., commercially.

commère, n.f., godmother; gossip; friend, body. Cet homme est une vraie —; that man is a regular gossip. C’est une fameuse —; (fam.) she is a bold, cunning woman, not easily discouraged. Tout se fait par compère et par —; all is done by favor.

commérer, v.n., to gossip, to tittle-tattle.

commettage, n.m., (nav.) laying of ropes and cables.

commettant, n.m., constituent; employer; principal; (jur.) warrantor. Corps de —s; constituents, constituency.

commettre, v.a., to commit, to perpetrate; to appoint, to delegate, to constitute, to commission, to empower; to commit to any one’s charge, to intrust, to trust with, to confide; to expose; to embroil; to set by the ears, to make mischief between; (nav.) to lay.

se commettre, v.r., to commit oneself; to expose oneself, to trust oneself.

commination, n.f., (rhet.) commination.

comminatoire, adj., (jur.) comminatory.

comminuti-f, -ve, adj., comminutive.

comminution, n.f., comminution.

commis, -e, part., committed, appointed, entrusted, exposed; (nav.) laid.

commis, n.m., clerk; book-keeper; shopman. Premier —; head clerk. — marchand; merchant’s clerk. — voyageur; commercial traveler, bagman. — aux vivres; (nav.) steward. — d’administration; accountant. — de boutique, de magasin; shopman, counter jumper.

commise, n.f., (feudal jur.) forfeit, escheat; female-clerk, counterwoman.

commisération (kom-mi-), n.f., commiseration.

commissaire, n.m., commissary; commissioner; manager; trustee; (of a vessel) purser. — des guerres; commissary. — des vivres; commissary of stores. — adjoint; deputy commissioner. — des pauvres; member of a charitable board. — aux saisies réelles; sequestrator. — de police; superintendent of police. — priseur; (—s —s) auctioneer, appraiser.

commissariat, n.m., commissaryship, trusteeship; (milit.) commissariat.

commission, n.f., commission, trust, charge; commission-trade; errand; mandate, warrant; the holding a trust for a time only; a committee. Il est allé en —; he is gone on an errand. Obtenir — d’un juge; to obtain a judge’s warrant. — rogatoire; writ of inquiry. — d’enquête; committee of inquiry. Maison de —; agency-office. Membre d’une —; committee-man. En —; (nav.) in commission. En —; (com.) on sale or return. Faire des —s; to run errands or to obtain orders.

commissionnaire, n.m., messenger; porter, carrier, errand-boy; agent. — de vente; salesman. — de roulage; carrier, wagon office-keeper. — chargeur; freight agent. — expéditeur; shipping-agent.

commissionner, v.a., to empower, to commission.

commissoire, adj., (jur.) binding.

commissure, n.f., (anat.) commissure.

commissural, -e, adj., commissural.

committimus, n.m., (n.p.), (jur.) Lettres de —; chancery order appointing the court which is to take cognizance of an action.

committitur, n.m. (n.p.), (jur.) order of the president of a court of justice appointing a judge to hold an inquiry.

commodat, n.m., (jur.) gratuitous loan (to be repaid in kind); bailment.

commode, adj., commodious, convenient, favorable, serviceable, handy; comfortable; agreeable, easy; good-natured, accommodating. Une maison —; a comfortable house. Il n’est pas —; he is not accommodating, not easy, to get on with.

commode, n.f., chest of drawers, drawers.

commodément, adv., commodiously, conveniently, comfortably, suitably, easily.

commodité, n.f., convenience, accommodation; ☉conveyance; comfort, ease. —s; water-closet.

commodore, n.m., (nav.) commodore.

commotion, n.f., commotion; shock; (med.) concussion (of the brain).

commuable, adj., commutable.

commuer, v.a., (jur.) to commute.

commun, -e, adj., common; usual, ordinary, every day; mean, vulgar. Le sens —; common sense. Je n’ai rien de — avec lui; I have nothing in common with him. À frais —s; jointly. Faire bourse —e; to have one common stock or purse. Lieux —s; common places. Le droit —; common law. D’une —e voix; unanimously. Une voix —e; a vulgar voice. Le bruit —; current report. Cette terre vaut tant de revenu année —e; that land yields so much a year on an average. Peu —; uncommon, rare, unusual.

commun, n.m., the generality; commonalty; common people, the vulgar, the mob. Vivre sur le —; to spunge. L’âne du — est toujours le plus mal bâté; matters of public concern are commonly neglected. Le — des hommes; the generality of men. Le — des martyrs; the common herd. —s; servants, or domestic offices, out-buildings.

communal, -e, adj., parochial; parish; communal.

communauté, n.f., community, society; communion; corporation. — de biens; community of property (between husband and wife); (jur.) communion.

communaux, n.m.pl., (jur.) pasture grounds, common.

commune, n.f., commune (inhabitants); parish, township (in France); town-hall. La chambre des —s; the House of Commons. Le maire d’une —; the mayor of a district. Assemblée de la —; vestry.

communément, adv., commonly, usually, generally.

communiant, n.m., -e, n.f., communicant.

communicabilité, n.f., communicability.

communicable, adj., communicable.

communicati-f, -ve, adj., communicative.

communication, n.f., intercourse, communication, — de pièces; (jur.) production of documents. En — avec; open to (mec.). De —; communicating, connecting.

communicativement, adj., communicatively.

communier, v.n., to communicate, to receive the sacrament.

communier, v.a., to give the communion.

communion, n.f., communion, fellowship; sacrament. Faire sa première —; to receive the sacrament for the first time; to be confirmed.

communiqué, n.m., official communication, statement.

communiquer, v.a., to communicate, to impart; to show, to tell, to acquaint.

se communiquer, v.r., to be communicative, to communicate with, to spread (of places). Vous vous communiquez trop; you are too communicative.

communiquer, v.n., to hold or keep up a correspondence with.

communisme, n.m., communism.

communiste, n.m.f., communist.

commutati-f, -ve, adj., (jur.) commutative.

commutation, n.f., (jur.) commutation.

comocladie, n.f., (bot.) maiden-plum, comocladia.

compacité, n.f., (phys.) compactness, density.

compact, -e, adj., compact, close, serried; (phys.) dense, solid.

*compagne, n.f., female companion; consort, partner; helpmate; playmate; (of animals) mate. Fidèle —; faithful attendant.

*compagnie, n.f., society, company; (com.) company; (hunt.) covey; levy, troop. — ordonnancée; chartered company. — de commerce; trading company. Il n’y a pas si bonne — qui ne se sépare; the best of friends must part. Sa maison est le rendez-vous de la bonne —; his house is the resort of fashionable people. Dame de —; lady’s companion. Être de bonne —; to be well-bred. Aller en —; to go together. Tenir — à quelqu’un; to keep any one company. Fausser — à quelqu’un; to desert any one, to give the slip to any one. Une — de perdrix; a covey of partridges. Vous me traitez comme si j’étais —; you treat me as if I were somebody. Former une —; to establish a company. Règle de —; fellowship. Une — d’infanterie; a company of foot. Une — de cavalerie; a troop of horse. — franche; independent company.

*compagnon, n.m., companion, fellow, associate, co-mate, consort, mate, partner; journeyman, playfellow, playmate; droll fellow. — d’école, d’étude; schoolfellow. — de table; messmate. — de jeu; playfellow. — de taverne; pot-companion. — d’armes; companion in arms. Joyeux —; jolly fellow, jolly dog. Traiter de pair à —; to go cheek by jowl; to be “hail fellow well met” to anyone.

*compagnonnage, n.m., journeymanship, trades-union, time of service.

comparabilité, n.f., comparableness.

comparable, adj., comparable, to be compared.

comparaison, n.f., comparison; simile, similitude. Toute — cloche; comparisons are odious. Il n’y a point de — de vous à lui; there is no comparison between you and him. Ce n’est qu’un ignorant en — d’un tel; he is a mere ignoramus in comparison with such a one. Par — à, or avec, ce que j’ai fait; in comparison to, or with, what I have done.

comparaître, v.n., to appear (before a tribunal).

comparant, -e, n.m.f. and adj., person appearing in court on a summons; appearer.

comparati-f, -ve, adj., comparative.

comparatif, n.m., (gram.) comparative, comparative degree.

comparativement (-mān), adv., comparatively.

comparer, v.a., to compare. Se —; to be compared.

☉comparoir, v.n., (jur.) to appear.

comparse, n.m., (thea.) supernumerary, figurant, figurante.

compartiment, n.m., compartment, division.

compartimenté, -e, adj., with compartments.

comparution, n.f., (jur.) appearance.

compas, n.m., pair of compasses, compass. — à trois branches; triangular compasses. — à pointes changeantes; draught compasses. — de réduction; proportional compasses. — de variation; azimuth compass. Faire toutes choses par règle et par —, to do everything by rule and compass. Il a le — dans l’œil; he has a good eye for distances, or he has a sure eye.

compassé, -e, adj., formal, stiff, starched.

compassement (-pâs-mān), n.m., compassing, (fig.) stiffness, starchedness.

compasser, v.a., to measure with compasses; to proportion; to regulate; to weigh; to consider. Un homme bien compassé; a formal, affected man.

compassion, n.f., compassion, pity, mercy. Avoir — de quelqu’un, avoir de la — pour quelqu’un; to take compassion on any one, to have compassion for any one.

compatibilité, n.f., compatibility.

compatible, adj., compatible, consistent. Son humeur n’est pas — avec la mienne; his temper does not agree with mine.

compatir, v.n., to sympathize with, to compassionate, to commiserate, to pity; to agree, to be compatible with.

compatissance, n.f., pity, sympathy.

compatissant, -e, adj., compassionate, tender, pitying, feeling.

compatriote, n.m.f., compatriot, fellow-countryman, fellow-countrywoman.

compendieusement, adv., in brief, compendiously.

compendium (kon-pin-di-om), n.m., compendium, abridgment, summary.

compensable, adj., that may be compensated, compensable.

compensateur, n.m., (horl.) compensating balance. — magnétique; magnetic compensator (to indicate the deviations of the mariner’s compass).

compensat-eur, -rice, adj., (horl.) compensative, compensating. Pendule —; compensating pendulum.

compensation, n.f., compensation, amends, reparation, satisfaction; set-off. Faire —; to compensate, to make amends for.

compensatoire, adj., compensatory.

compenser, v.a., to counter-balance, to set against; to compensate, to make up for. Rien ne compense la perte de l’honneur; nothing can make up for the loss of honor.

se compenser, v.r., to compensate each other; to be balanced, to be set off against; to be counteracted by.

compérage, n.m., compaternity; cheating, trickery, collusion.

compère, n.m., godfather; gossip; crony; pal; confederate of a quack. Un bon —; a good companion, fellow. Un rusé —; a sly old blade. Par — et par commère; by favor and interest.

compère-loriot, n.m., (—s-—s) (orni.) goldhammer, goldfinch, loriot, stye (on the eye).

compétemment (kon-pé-ta-mān), adv., (l.u.) competently.

compétence, n.f., competency, cognizance; competition; department, sphere, province. Cela n’est pas de votre —; that is beyond your province.

compétent, -e, adj., sufficient, suitable, requisite; due; (jur.) cognizant; competent. C’est un juge —; he is a competent judge. Vous n’êtes pas — pour cela; you are not fit for that.

compéter, v.n., (jur.) to belong; to be due; to be cognizable.

compétit-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., competitor, competitress, candidate.

compétition, n.f., competition, rivalry, strife.

compilateur, n.m., compiler.

compilation, n.f., compilation.

compiler, v.a., to compile.

complainte, n.f., complaint (jur.); lament, complaint, lamentation, moan, plaint, wailing; plaintive ballad.

complaire, v.n., to humor, to please, to gratify, to comply with the wishes (of); to condescend to.

se complaire, v.r., to delight in; to admire one’s self.

complaisamment (-zam-an), adv., complaisantly, obligingly.

complaisance, n.f., kindness, goodness; complaisance, complacency; (com.) accommodation. —s; love, affection. Abuser de la — de quelqu’un; to abuse any one’s goodness. Faire une chose par —; to do a thing out of kindness.

complaisant, -e, adj., complaisant, affable, civil, obliging; kind.

complaisant, n.m., -e, n.f., over-civil person, fawner; go-between.

complant, n.m., (agri.) plantation, vineyard.

complément, n.m., complement, completion, supplement; objective case.

complémentaire, adj., complementary, completing.

compl-et, -ète, adj., complete, full, total, whole, perfect. Un habillement —; a complete suit of clothes. Œuvres —ètes; complete works.

complet, n.m., complement, full number. Être au —; to be full. Au grand —; quite full; all present.

complètement (kon-plet-mān), adv., completely, thoroughly, entirely, wholly; utterly.

complètement, n.m., finishing, completion.

compléter, v.a., to complete, to perfect; to fill up, make up.

compléti-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) completive.

complexe, adj., complex; complicated.

complexion, n.f., constitution; disposition, complexion, humor, temper, inclination.

complexionné, -e, adj., constituted; inclined.

complexité, n.f., complexity.

complication, n.f., intricacy, complication.

complice, n.m.f. and adj., accomplice, accessory, privy to; a party to.

complicité, n.f., complicity, participation.

complies, n.f.pl., (c.rel.) compline.

compliment, n.m., compliment. pl., congratulations. Faire — à quelqu’un; to compliment any one. Faites-lui mes —s; give him, her, my compliments. Mes —s chez vous; remember me to all at home. Je vous en fais mon —; I wish you joy. Rengainer son —; to stop short, not to go on with. Sans —; really, sincerely.

complimenter, v.a., to compliment, to congratulate.

complimenteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., complimenter.

complimenteu-r, -se, adj., complimentary.

compliqué, -e, adj., complicated, intricate.

compliquer, v.a., to render intricate, to complicate, to entangle.

se compliquer, v.r., to become complicated.

complot, n.m., plot, conspiracy.

comploter, v.a., to plot.

comploteur, n.m., plotter, schemer.

componction, n.f., compunction, contrition, remorse.

componé, -e, adj., (her.) compony.

☉comportement, n.m., demeanor, comportment.

comporter, v.a., to permit, to allow, to admit of. Le temps le comporte; the times require it.

se comporter, v.r., to behave, to behave one’s self; to act; to manage. Se — mal; to misbehave. Il se comportera mieux à l’avenir; he will behave better for the future.

composant, n.m., (chem.) component.

composante, n.f., (math.) component.

composé, -e, adj., composed, compound; complicate; affected, stiff. Un mot —; a compound word. Il a l’air extrêmement sérieux et —; he looks very grave and formal. Air —; stiff, starched air.

composé, n.m., compound.

composée, n.f., (bot.) composite flower.

composer, v.a., to compose, form, create, compound, make, fashion, adjust, regulate. — sa mine; to adjust one’s looks. Il faut savoir se — selon le temps, selon les lieux; one must regulate one’s self according to time and place. — des almanachs; to indulge in chimerical dreams. — un papier d’examen; to write out an examination paper.

composer, v.n., to compound, to compromise, to make up, to adjust; to capitulate. Il a composé avec ses créanciers; he has compounded with his creditors.

composeur, n.m., scribbler, paltry writer.

composite, adj., (arch.) composite.

composite, n.m., composite order.

compositeur, n.m., composer (of music); (jur.) compounder; (print.) compositor. Amiable —; (jur.) compounder, friendly arbitrator.

composition, n.f., composition, construction, composing, written examination; theme, agreement, settlement; capitulation. Venir à —; to come to an agreement. Un homme de —; an easy, tractable person. Faire bonne —; to grant advantageous terms. Il est de difficile —; he is hard to deal with. Se rendre par —; to surrender upon terms. Entrer en —; to enter into terms of composition.

compost, n.m., (agri.) compost.

composter, v.a., (agri.) to compost.

composteur, n.m., (print.) composing-stick.

compote, n.f., compote, stewed fruit, stew. — de pigeons; stewed pigeons. Avoir l’œil en —; to have a black eye. Avoir les yeux en —; to have a pair of black eyes.

compotier (-tié), n.m., shallow dish for stewed fruit.

compréhensibilité, n.f., comprehensibility.

compréhensible, adj., comprehensible, conceivable, intelligible.

compréhensi-f, -ve, adj., comprehensive.

compréhension, n.f., comprehension, apprehension, understanding, intelligence.

compréhensivité, n.f., comprehensiveness, faculty of comprehending.

comprendre, v.a., to comprehend, to include, to comprise, to contain, to understand, to conceive. Je comprends fort bien ce que vous me dites; I understand very well what you say to me. — mal; to misunderstand. À ce que je comprends; by what I understand. Je ne le comprends pas; I do not know what to make of him.

compresse, n.f., (surg.) compress, bolster, pledget. — fenêtrée; perforated compress.

compressibilité, n.f., compressibility.

compressible, adj., compressible.

compressi-f, -ve, adj., (surg.) compressive.

compression, n.f., compression, squeezing, condensation; (surg.) astriction.

comprimable, adj., compressible.

comprimé, -e, part., (bot.) compressed, flat, condensed; put down, kept under.

comprimer, v.a., to compress, to condense; to quell; to put down, to keep down, to restrain, to check, to curb.

compris, -e, adj., part., understood, included. Y —; inclusive of, including. Non —; not including, exclusive of, without.

compromettant, adj., injurious, dangerous, compromising; incriminating, damaging; disreputable.

compromettre, v.n., to compromise, to implicate; to put to arbitration, to consent to a reference, to refer to the arbitrament of one or more arbitrators.

compromettre, v.a., to expose, to commit, to compromise, to jeopardize, to imperil, to endanger. — son autorité, sa dignité; to imperil one’s authority or character.

se compromettre, v.r., to implicate, to compromise, oneself.

compromis, n.m., mutual agreement, compromise. Mettre en —; to submit to arbitration.

compromissaire, n.m., arbitrator, referee.

compromissionnaire, adj., by compromise.

comptabilité (kon-ta-), n.f., accounts, book-keeping. Il entend bien la —; he has a thorough knowledge of accounts.

comptable (kon-tabl), adj., accountable, responsible. Agent —; accountant; responsible agent; (nav.) paymaster. Nous sommes —s de nos talents à la patrie; we are accountable to our country for our talents.

comptable, n.m., accountant; responsible agent.

comptant (kon-tān), n.m., ready money, cash. Au —; (com.) for cash. Payer —; to pay ready money. Avoir du —; to be well provided with cash. Voilà tout mon —; here is all my cash.

comptant, adj., (of money) ready; (of payment) in cash; (com.) prompt.

compte (kont), n.m., account, reckoning, calculation, score; due, rate; question; statement, report; profit; benefit; esteem, value, regard. Avez-vous votre —? have you got the right amount? Je n’ai pas mon —; I have not my due. De — fait; altogether, on computation. — rond; even money. — borgne; odd money. À —; on account. À bon —; cheaply, at a small cost. Livre de —; book of accounts. Roue de —; (horl.) notch-wheel. Chambre des —s; chamber of accounts. Auditeur des —s; auditor of the exchequer. Arrêter, solder, un —, des —s; to settle accounts. Arrêté de —; account agreed upon, statement of account. Pour solde de —; in full of all demands. Faire rendre —; to call to account. Rendre —; to give an account. Avoir un — en banque; to have money at a banker’s. Mettre en ligne de —; to pass to account. Valider un —; to verify an account. Ouir un —; to audit an account. Arrêter un —; to strike a balance. Il y a un reliquat de — à solder; there is a balance still owing. Tenir —; to keep an account. Ne tenir ni — ni mesure; to leave all at sixes and sevens. À bon —; at a cheap rate. Être de bon —; to be fair in one’s dealings. Faire —; to depend upon, to expect, to intend. Il n’y a pas trouvé son —; he did not find what he expected or that it paid. Ils sont bien loin de —; they are a long way out. Vous m’en rendrez —; you shall answer for it. Il faut lui rendre — de tout; we must account to him for everything. Faire le — de; to suit, to do well. Je prends cela sur mon —; I will be responsible for that. On ne sait à quoi s’en tenir sur son —; we do not know what to think of him. À ce —-là; at that rate. Les bons —s font les bons amis; short reckonings make long friends. Faire — d’une personne; to value a person. Il n’en fait aucun —; he slights him. Au bout du —; when all is said and done. En fin de —; in the end. Se rendre — de; to get a clear idea of. Erreur n’est pas —; errors excepted.

compte-pas, n.m., (—) odometer, pedometer; surveying-wheel. V. odomètre.

compter (kon-té), v.a., to count, to reckon, to number, to calculate, to compute; to include; to charge; to settle accounts. — ses pas; to walk slowly. Marcher à pas comptés; to walk with measured steps.

compter, v.n., to reckon, to calculate; to intend, to purpose; to think, to expect. Quand comptez vous partir? when do you purpose setting out? Je compte le voir demain; I expect to see him to-morrow. — sur; to depend upon, to rely upon, to count upon; to anticipate, to expect. Comptez que; remember that. Comptez dessus; depend upon it. À — de; from, reckoning from. Qui compte sans son hôte compte deux fois; he who reckons without his host, must reckon again.

compte rendu, n.m., return, report, statement.

compteur (kon-teur), n.m., counter, accountant, computer; (mach.) tell-tale; (tech.) meter. — kilométrique; cyclometer.

comptoir (kon-toâr), n.m., counter; counting-house; factory, settlement; bar (of a public house, &c.). Dame de —; shopwoman; barmaid. Garçon de —; barman, barkeeper.

compulser, v.a., to look through a register; to examine, in virtue of a judge’s order.

compulsoire, n.m., (jur.) examination of papers in virtue of a judge’s order.

comput (kon-put), n.m., computation.

computation, n.f., computation.

computiste, n.m., computer, computist.

comtal, -e, adj., belonging to an earl or a countess.

comtat, n.m., county (of Avignon, or Venaissin).

comte, n.m., count; earl.

comté, n.m., county; earldom, shire.

comtesse, n.f., countess.

concasser, v.a., to pound, to bruise, to crush.

concasseur, n.m., bruising, or crushing, mill; (tech.) steam-roller.

concaténation, n.f., concatenation.

concave, adj., concave.

concavité, n.f., concaveness, concave, concavity.

concavo-concave, adj., concavo-concave.

concavo-convexe, adj., concavo-convex.

concédant, n.m., grantor.

concéder, v.a., to grant, to yield, to allow.

se concéder, v.r., to be granted, allowed.

concentration, n.f., concentration.

concentré, -e, part., concentrated; concentred; close, silent, reserved, close-tongued. Un homme toujours —; a thoughtful man; a man who is not communicative. Haine —e; suppressed hatred.

concentrer, v.a., to concentrate; to dissemble, to repress, to smother. — sa fureur; to dissemble one’s rage.

se concentrer, v.r., to concentrate, to meet in one centre; to centre; to retire within one’s self.

concentrique, adj., concentric.

concentriquement, adv., concentrically.

concept (kon-sèpt), n.m., (log.) concept.

conceptible, adj., conceivable.

concepti-f, -ve, adj., conceptive.

conception, n.f., conception; apprehension; thought, notion, understanding; wit, conceit. Il a la — vive, facile, dure; he is quick, easy, dull, of apprehension. Vous n’avez pas de — comment ...; you have no idea how ...

concernant, prep., concerning, relating to, touching, about, in reference to.

concerner, v.a. to relate or belong to, to concern, to regard.

concert, n.m., concert; harmony; unanimity, concord. — spirituel; oratorio. — de louanges; chorus of praises. De —; by mutual consent. Agir de —; to act in concert. Faire une chose de —; to go hand in hand in a business.

concertant, -e, adj., in concert (mus.). Symphonie —e; symphony performed in concert by two or three or more instruments.

concertant, n.m., -e, n.f., performer in a concert.

concerté, -e, adj., concerted, planned; contrived; affected; studied; starched.

concerter, v.a., to contrive, to concert; to plan, to devise; ☉to practise for a concert.

se concerter, v.r., to plan together, to concert; to lay ones’ heads together; to deliberate.

concerto, n.m., (—s) concerto.

concesseur, n.m., grantor.

concession, n.f., concession, grant, privilege.

concessionnaire, n.m., grantee. — d’un privilège; patentee. adj., privileged.

concetti, n.m.pl., (n.s.) witty conceits; affected wit.

concevable, adj., conceivable, imaginable.

concevoir, v.a., to apprehend, to imagine, to understand, to perceive, to take, to comprehend; to word, to express; to conceive; to become pregnant. Elle est hors d’âge de —; she is past child-bearing.

conche, n.f., (tech.) brine-pit.

conchoïdal, -e (-ko-), adj., (geom.) conchoidal.

conchoïde (-ko-), n.f., (geom.) conchoid.

conchologie, n.f., conchology.

conchologique, adj., conchological.

conchologiste, n.m., conchologist.

conchyte (-kit), n.f., conchite.

concierge, n.m.f., house-porter, portress; door-keeper, hall-porter.

conciergerie, n.f., place of porter or door-keeper; porter’s lodge. Conciergerie; a prison in Paris.

concile, n.m., an assembly of prelates and doctors, council; decrees and decisions of a council.

conciliable, adj., reconcilable.

conciliabule, n.m., conventicle, cabal, secret meeting. — en plein air; field conventicle.

conciliaire, adj., of or belonging to a council.

conciliairement, adj., in council.

conciliant, -e, adj., conciliating, reconciling, conciliatory.

conciliat-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., conciliator; reconciler.

conciliat-eur, -rice, adj., conciliatory, conciliating.

conciliation, n.f., conciliation; reconciliation.

conciliatoire, adj., conciliatory.

concilier, v.a., to reconcile, to conciliate, to accord; to gain, to win, to procure.

se concilier, v.r., to conciliate, to gain, to win, to ingratiate one’s self. Se — les esprits; to gain people’s good will.

concis, -e, adj., concise, brief, short.

concision, n.f., brevity, conciseness.

concitoyen, n.m., -ne, n.f. (-in, -è-n), fellow-citizen; fellow-townsman or townswoman.

conclave, n.m., assembly of cardinals; conclave.

conclaviste, n.m., conclavist.

concluant, -e, adj., conclusive, decisive.

conclure, v.a., to conclude, to finish; to infer from; to move. Qu’en voulez-vous —? what do you infer from that?

conclure, v.n., to conclude, to infer; to think, to judge. Cette raison ne conclut pas; this reason proves nothing. — criminellement contre quelqu’un; to bring any one in guilty.

conclusi-f, -ve, adj., conclusive.

conclusion, n.f., final decision, conclusion; end, issue; inference.

concoct-eur, -rice, adj., concoctive.

concoction, n.f., concoction.

concombre, n.m., (bot.) cucumber. — sauvage; horse cucumber.

concomitance, n.f., concomitance.

concomitant, -e, adj., concomitant.

concordance, n.f., concordance, agreement; concord.

concordant, n.m., (mus.) baritone.

concordant, adj., (mus.) concordant.

concordat, n.m., concordat, compact, agreement; composition; bankrupt’s certificate. Bénéfice de —; (jur.) benefit of the insolvent act. Sans —; (jur.) uncertificated (of bankrupts).

concordataire, n.m., certificated bankrupt.

concorde, n.f., concord, good understanding, agreement, harmony. Mettre la — entre des ennemis; to reconcile enemies.

concorder, v.n., to live in concord, to agree, to concur.

concourant, -e, adj., concurrent.

concourir, v.n., to concur, to conspire, to contribute to, to cooperate in; to compete for; to unite; to meet. Tout concourt à ma ruine; all things conspire to my ruin. Être admis à —; to be allowed to compete. Ces deux hommes ont concouru pour le prix; these two men competed for the prize.

concours, n.m., concurrence, cooperation, assistance; concourse; meeting; match, tournament; competition; competitive examination. Son — m’a été fort utile; his cooperation has been very useful to me. Se présenter au —; to compete for.

concr-et, -ète, adj., (arith., log.) concrete; (math.) applicate.

concret, n.m., (log.) concrete.

concrétion, n.f., concretion.

concubinage, n.m., concubinage.

concubinaire, n.m., one who keeps a concubine.

concubine, n.f., concubine.

concupiscence, n.f., concupiscence, lust.

concupiscent, -e, adj., concupiscent, libidinous.

concupiscible, adj., concupiscible.

concurremment (-kur-ra-măn), adv., concurrently, in concurrence; jointly, together.

concurrence (kon-kur-rans), n.f., competition, rivalry, opposition. Jusqu’à — de; to the amount of, to the extent of. Faire — à; to compete with, to oppose.

concurrent, n.m., -e, n.f., competitor, rival, opponent.

concussion, n.f., extortion, embezzlement, peculation. User de —; to be guilty of bribery.

concussionnaire, n.m., extortioner, peculator, embezzler.

concussionnaire, adj., guilty of peculation, of bribery, extortion.

condamnable (-da-na-), adj., condemnable, blamable, criminal.

condamnation (-da-na-), n.f., condemnation, judgment, sentence. Subir sa —; to undergo one’s sentence. Subir —; to accept a sentence (without appeal). — par défaut; judgment by default. Passer —; to pass sentence; to confess oneself in the wrong.

condamné, n.m., -e, n.f., (kon-da-né), condemned, convict.

condamner (kon-da-né), v.a., to condemn, to sentence; to blame, to censure; to block up (doors, windows); to give over (patients). — à une amende; to fine. — d’avance; to prejudge.

condensabilité, n.f., condensability.

condensable, adj., condensable.

condensateur, n.m., (phys.) condenser.

condensation, n.f., condensation.

condenser, v.a., (phys.) to condense. — de nouveau; to recondense. Machine à —; condensing-engine.

se condenser, v.r., (phys.) to condense, to be condensed.

condenseur, n.m., (mec.) condenser.

condescendance, n.f., condescension, compliance. Acte de —; act of condescension, condescendence.

condescendant, -e, adj., condescending, complying.

condescendre, v.n., to condescend, to comply, to yield, to stoop to.

condiment, n.m., condiment.

condisciple, n.m., school-fellow.

condit, n.m., (pharm.) confection.

condition, n.f., condition, circumstances, nature; quality, figure, rank, fortune; station; situation, place; offer, terms; (silk manu.) drying-room. Améliorer sa —; to better one’s circumstances. Les gens de —; people of fashion. Être de —; to be well born. Être de basse —; to be low born. Chacun doit vivre selon sa —; every one ought to live according to his station. Toutes les —s ont leurs désagréments; every condition has its own drawbacks. Il est dans une bonne —; he has a good place. — provisionnelle; proviso. Sans —; without a proviso. Ils se sont rendus à des —s honorables; they surrendered upon honorable terms. À —, sous —; on condition. Vendre sous —; to sell on approval. À — que; on condition, provided that. En —; in service (of servants).

conditionné, -e, adj., made up, conditioned (with bien or mal); sound; downright; egregious; tipsy, tight; in a pretty state.

conditionnel, -le, adj., conditional; (jur.) provisory.

conditionnel, n.m., (gram.) conditional.

conditionnellement, adv., conditionally, on condition.

conditionnement, n.m., drying (of silk).

conditionner, v.a., (com.) to put into good condition, to make up; to dry (of silk).

condoléance, n.f., condolence. Faire ses compliments de — à quelqu’un; to pay a visit of condolence to anyone.

condoma, n.m., a species of antelope.

condor, n.m., (orni.) condor.

conduct-eur, n.m., -rice, n.f., conductor, conductress, leader, guide; driver. — de train; guard.

conduct-eur, -rice, adj., leading; (phys.) conducting.

conductibilité, n.f., conductibility.

conductible, adj., conductible.

conduction, n.f., (phys.) conduction; (civic law) hiring.

conduire (conduisant, conduit), v.a., to conduct, to lead, to guide, to convey, to carry, to bring, to take; to go along with, to accompany, to attend, to escort; to have the command of; to govern, to rule, to direct, to manage. Conduisez monsieur à sa chambre; show the gentleman to his room. — un troupeau; to drive a flock. — une affaire; to manage a business. — un jeune homme; to train or bring up a youth. — la conscience de quelqu’un; to direct any one’s conscience. — un bâtiment, un travail; to be surveyor of a building, to have the direction of a work. Savoir — sa barque; to play one’s cards well.

se conduire, v.r., to conduct, to behave oneself; to guide, to govern, oneself; to find one’s way.

conduire, v.n., to conduct, to lead to; to drive. Ce chemin conduit à la ville; this road leads to the town. — à grandes guides; to drive four-in-hand. L’art de —; the art of driving.

conduit, n.m., conduit, duct, passage, pipe; tube, canal. — auditif; auditory passage. — acoustique; speaking-pipe. — de vent; (mach.) blast-pipe.

conduite, n.f., conduct, leading; management, charge, direction, administration; behavior, demeanor, deportment; guidance, prudence, discretion; water-pipes; (nav.) conduct-money; (mus.) port (of the voice). Tuyau de —; delivery pipe. Se charger de la — d’une affaire; to undertake the management of a business. La — d’une pièce de théâtre; the disposition, arrangement, of a drama. — régulière; orderly conduct. Avoir de la —; to be well-behaved. Manquer de —; to misconduct oneself, to be ill-behaved. Faire la — à quelqu’un; to see anyone off; to attend anyone to the grave.

condupliqué, adj., (bot.) (of leaves) conduplicated.

condyle, n.m., (anat.) condyle.

condyloïde, adj., condyloid.

cône, n.m., cone; (opt.) pencil; (bot.) strobile. En —; conical.

☉confabulateur, n.m., story-teller, conversationalist.

☉confabulation, n.f., confabulation.

☉confabuler, v.n., to confabulate, to chat.

confection, n.f., confection, making up; ready made clothes; electuary; execution, completion. La — du chyle; the formation of the chyle. La — d’un inventaire; the completing an inventory. Maison de —s; dress-making establishment.

confectionné, -e, adj., made, manufactured, ready-made.

confectionner, v.a., to manufacture, to make, to finish.

confectionneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., maker, finisher (of wearing apparel), clothier, outfitter.

confédérati-f, -ve, adj., confederative.

confédération, n.f., confederation, confederacy.

confédéré, -e, n. and adj., confederate, associate, federate, accomplice.

se confédérér, v.r., to confederate, to unite, to combine.

conférence, n.f., conference; lecture; comparison, collation. Maître de —; lecturer, professor.

conférencier, n.m., lecturer.

conférer, v.n., to compare, to collate, to confer, to bestow, to grant. — un auteur avec un autre; to collate two authors.

conférer, v.n., to consult together, to confer; to bestow, to grant; (print.) to revise.

conferve, n.f., (bot.) conferva, hair-weed.

confesse, n., (c.rel.) confession (to a priest). [This noun has no gender, is always accompanied by à or de, and never by any article.] Aller à —; to go to confession.

confesser, v.a., to confess; to acknowledge, to avow, to own, to admit. C’est le diable à —; it is terribly hard, or very hard lines.

se confesser, v.r., to confess one’s sins, to confess (to a priest). Se — au renard; to betray oneself.

confesseur, n.m., confessor; father confessor.

confession, n.f., confession, acknowledgment, avowal. Donner à quelqu’un le bon Dieu sans —; to trust any one with untold gold.

confessionnal, n.m., confessional.

confiance, n.f., confidence, reliance, trust, dependence, assurance; self-conceit. Avoir de la — en quelqu’un; to repose confidence in any one. Donner sa — à quelqu’un; to confide in any one. Homme de —; confidential man of business. Une personne de —; a trustworthy person. Cela donne de la —; that inspires confidence.

confiant, -e, adj., confident, unsuspecting, sanguine; self-conceited.

confidemment (-da-mān), adv., in confidence, confidentially.

confidence, n.f., confidence, secrecy, secret, disclosure; trust (of benefices). Être dans la — de quelqu’un; to be in any one’s confidence. Il était dans la —; he was in the secret. Un échange de —s; an exchange of secrets. Faire une — à quelqu’un; to tell a secret to any one; to take any one into one’s confidence. Faire une — fausse; to make a pretended disclosure. Tenir un bénéfice en —; to hold a living in trust.

confident, n.m., -e, n.f., confident, confidant, confidante.

confidentiaire (-ci-), n.m., one who holds a living in trust.

confidentiel, -le (-ci-), adj., confidential.

confidentiellement (-ci-), adv., confidentially.

confier, v.a., to confide, to intrust, to commit to; to tell in confidence.

se confier, v.r., to trust in; to place reliance on; to unbosom one’s self to. Se — en ses forces; to trust to one’s own strength. Je me confie à vous; I trust you.

configuration, n.f., configuration, form, shape.

configurer, v.a., (l.u.) to configurate, to form, to shape.

confinement, n.m., (jur.) confinement, imprisonment.

confiner, v.n., to border upon; to confine, to limit, to adjoin.

confiner, v.a., to confine, to imprison.

se confiner, v.r., to confine, to limit one’s self.

confinité, n.f., confinity, contiguity.

confins, n.m.pl., confines, borders, limits. Aux — de la terre; at the ends of the earth.

confire (confisant, confit), v.a., to preserve; to candy, to pickle. Confit en dévotion; extremely devout. — une peau; to soak a skin. C’est un homme confit; he is done for. Se —; to be preserved.

confirmati-f, -ve, adj., confirmatory.

confirmation, n.f., confirmation, ratification, sanction. Cela a besoin de —; that requires confirmation.

confirmer, v.a., to confirm, to ratify, to sanction. — quelqu’un; (l.ex.) to give any one a slap in the face.

se confirmer, v.r., to be confirmed.

confiscable, adj., confiscable, forfeitable, liable to forfeiture.

confiscant, adj., (jur.) confiscating.

confiscation, n.f., confiscation, forfeiture.

confiserie, n.f., confectionery, confectioner’s shop.

confiseur, n.m., -se, n.f., confectioner.

confisquer, v.a., to confiscate, to forfeit, to impound.