A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (continued 6)

caractériser, v.a., to characterize, describe, define, mark, distinguish.

caractéristique, adj., characteristic.

caractéristique, n.f., (gram., math.) characteristic; (logarithms) index.

carafe, n.f., decanter, flagon, water-bottle.

carafon, n.m., cooler; small decanter; quarter bottle.

*caragne, n.f., aromatic resin, caranna.

caraïte, n.m., caraite (Jewish sectarian).

carambolage, n.m., (billiards) cannon; (pop.) affray, shindy; (fig.) rebound (against).

caramboler, v.n., (billiards) to cannon.

caramboleur, n.m., good cannon-player.

caramel, n.m., burnt sugar, caramel. — au beurre; butter-scotch, toffee.

carapace, n.f., turtle-shell, carapace.

carapat, n.m., oil of palma Christi.

caraque, n.f., carack (Portuguese Indiaman).

caracas, n.m., cocoa.

carat, n.m., (gold) carat; small diamonds sold by weight.

caratch, n.m. (n.p.), tribute.

caravane, n.f., caravan, convoy. Marcher en —; to walk in a band. Faire ses —s; to lead a dissipated life.

caravanier, n.m., leader of caravan.

*caravansérail, n.m., a caravansary (inn).

caravanséraskier, n.m., keeper of a caravansary.

caravelle, n.f., caravel (Portuguese boat).

carbatine, n.f., green hide, skin.

carbazotique, adj., (chem.) carbazotic.

carbonarisme, n.m., carbonarism.

carbonaro, n.m., carbonaro.

carbonate, n.m., (chem.) carbonate.

☉carboncle. V. escarboucle; furoncle; rubis.

carbone, n.m., (chem.) carbon.

carboné, -e, adj., carbonated.

carboneu-x, -se, adj., (chem.) carbonaceous.

carbonique, adj., carbonic.

carbonisation, n.f., carbonization.

carboniser, v.a., to carbonize.

carbonnade, n.f., (cook.) carbonade.

carburateur, n.m., carburettor (motor).

carbure, n.m., (chem.) carburet, carbide.

carburé, -e, adj., (chem.) carbureted.

carcajou, n.m., American badger.

carcan, n.m., iron collar; carcan (pillory); carcanet (collar of jewels).

carcasse, n.f., carcass, skeleton, bones; (arch.) shell, framework; body; fish-basket.

carcinomateu-x, -se, adj., (med.) carcinomatous.

carcinome, n.m., (med.) carcinoma.

cardage, n.m., act of carding, carding.

cardamine, n.f., (bot.) land-cress, lady’s smock.

cardamome, n.m., (bot.) cardamom.

cardasse, n.f., (bot.) nopal.

carde, n.f., chard (stalk in the leaves of some plants); card (instrument for combing wool or flax); carding machine.

cardée, n.f., quantity carded.

carde-poirée, n.f., (bot.) chard of beet.

carder, v.a., to card, to comb. Se —; to be carded.

cardère, n.f., (bot.) teasel.

carderie, n.f., carding-house; card-manufactory.

cardeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., carder, wool-comber.

cardiaire, adj. (zoöl.) Ver —; a parasite bred in the heart. (bot.) V. cardère; chardon à foulon.

cardialgie, n.f., cardialgy, heartburn.

cardialogie, n.f., cardiology.

cardiaque, n.m., (med.) cardiac.

cardiaque, adj., (med., anat.) cardiac.

cardier, n.m., wool card-maker.

cardinal, adj., cardinal, chief, principal, first.

cardinal, n.m., cardinal; (orni.) cardinal.

cardinalat, n.m., cardinalate, cardinalship.

cardinale, n.f., (bot.) cardinal flower.

cardine, n.f., (ich.) flat-fish, whiff.

cardon, n.m., (bot.) cardoon.

cardonnette, n.f. V. chardonnette.

carême, n.m., Lent, Lent-sermons. Faire le —; to keep Lent. Provisions de —; fish and vegetables. Cela vient comme marée en —; that comes in the very nick of time. Face de —; pale or wan face. Arriver comme mars en —; to be sure to happen; to come like clock-work. Arriver comme marée en —; to come in the nick of time.

carême-prenant, n.m., (—s-—s) carnival time; Shrove Tuesday; masker; reveler.

carénage, n.m., careening.

carence, n.f., (jur.) absence of assets, insolvency. Procès-verbal de —; declaration of insolvency.

carène, n.f., (nav.) keel; bottom, careen; (bot.) keel. Demi-—; (nav.) parliament-heel. En —; keel-shaped.

caréné, -e, adj., (bot.) keeled, keel-shaped.

caréner, v.a., (nav.) to careen.

caressant, -e, adj., caressing, endearing, fond, tender; fawning.

caresse, n.f., caress, endearment. Il ne faut pas se fier aux —s de la fortune; we must not trust to the smiles of fortune.

caressé, -e, part., caressed; polished, finished off, chiseled. Ces tableaux sont très —s; these pictures have a peculiar richness of finish.

caresser, v.a., to caress, to fondle, to stroke; to fawn upon, to make much of, to flatter, to cajole, to wheedle. — l’orgueil de quelqu’un; to pamper any one’s pride. — une chimère; to cherish, to hug, a visionary scheme.

caret, n.m., rope-maker’s reel; (erpetology) tortoise. Fil de —; rope-yarn.

carex (-rèks), n.m., (bot.) carex.

cargaison, n.f., cargo, ship-load, freight.

cargue (karg), n.f., (nav.) brail.

carguer (-ghè), v.a., (nav.) to brail up, to clew up. — une voile; to clew up a sail.

cargueur (-gheur), n.m., (nav.) reefer; top-block.

cariatide, n.f., (arch.) caryatide.

caribou, n.m., (mam.) caribou.

caricature, n.f., caricature.

caricaturer, v.a., to caricature, to ridicule.

caricaturiste, n.m., caricaturist.

carie, n.f., brown rust; fire-blast; (med.) caries, decay.

carier, v.a., to make carious, to rot.

se carier, v.r., to grow carious, rotten. Dent cariée; carious tooth.

*carillon, n.m., chime, peal; musical bells, chimes; clutter, racket. À double —; soundly, lustily. Le — des verres; the jingling of glasses.

*carillonnement, n.m., chiming, jingling.

*carillonner, v.n., to chime; to ring the changes; to jingle, to clatter.

*carillonneur, n.m., chimer, bell-ringer; change-ringer.

carlette, n.f., square slate.

carlin, n.m., carlin (Italian coin); pug-dog.

carline, n.f., (bot.) carline-thistle.

carlingue (-linghe), n.f., (nav.) carline, carling. — de cabestan; keelson, step.

carliste, n.m.f., Carlist (partisan of Charles).

carliste, adj., Carlist.

carlovingien, -ne (-in, -è-n), n. and adj., Carlovingian.

*carmagnole, n.f., carmagnole (jacket); carmagnole (revolutionary song and dance).

carmagnole, n.m., violent Jacobin.

carme, n.m., Carmelite friar, white friar. —s déchaussés; barefooted Carmelites. Eau des —s; carmelite water.

carme, n.m., (tric-trac) two fours.

carmeline, n.f., carmeline wool.

carmélite, n.f. and adj., Carmelite nun.

carmin, n.m., carmine.

carminati-f, -ve, adj., (med.) carminative.

carminati-f, n.m., (med.) carminative.

carnage, n.m., carnage, slaughter, butchery, destruction, havoc.

carnassi-er, -ère, adj., carnivorous, flesh-eating.

carnassier, n.m., feline animal; flesh-eater.

carnassière, n.f., game-bag.

carnation, n.f., carnation, flesh-tint, flesh-color, complexion.

carnaval, n.m., a carnival; guy.

carne, n.f., corner, edge (of a table, &c.).

carné, -e, adj., of a carnation color.

carnet, n.m., note-book, memorandum-book. — d’échéances; bill-book. — de chèques; check book.

carnier, n.m. V. carnassière.

carnification, n.f., (med.) carnification.

se carnifier, v.r., (med.) to carnify.

carnivore, adj., carnivorous.

carnosité, n.f., carnosity.

*carogne, n.f., (l.ex.) hag, jade, impudent slut.

carolus (-lus), n.m., carolus (old French coin).

caronade, n.f., (artil.) carronade.

caroncule, n.f., (anat., bot.) caruncle.

carotide, adj., (anat.) carotid.

carotide, n.f., (anat.) carotid.

carotidien, adj.m., (anat.) carotid. Canal —; carotid canal.

carotique, adj., (med.) comatose.

carotte, n.f., carrot. — de tabac; roll of tobacco. (fig.) Quelle —! what a chouse!

carotter, v.n., to live on little; to play low; to chouse, to diddle.

carotti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., (triv.). V. carotteur.

carotteu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., timid player; petty jobber; cheat, trickster.

caroube or carouge, n.f., (bot.) carob-bean.

caroubier, n.m., carob-tree, St. John’s bread tree.

carouble, n.f., skeleton-key.

caroubleur, n.m., house-breaker.

carpe, n.f., (ich.) carp. Saut de —; somerset. Faire la — pâmée; to sham fainting. Muet comme une —; dumb as an oyster.

carpe, n.m., (anat.) wrist.

carpeau, n.m., small carp.

carpien, -ne (-in, -è-n) adj., (anat.) carpal.

*carpillon, n.m., (ich.) young carp.

carquois, n.m., quiver. Il a vidé son —; he has shot his bolt.

carrare, n.m., Carrara marble.

carre, n.f., back and shoulders (of any one). La — d’un chapeau; the crown of a hat. La — d’un habit; the part of a coat from the waist upwards. La — d’un soulier; the square toe of a shoe. Un homme d’une bonne —; a broad-shouldered man. Lame à trois —s; three-edged sword.

carré, n.m., square; landing, floor; printing demy (of paper). Un — de tulipes; a square bed of tulips. Un — d’eau; a square sheet of water. — de toilette; dressing-case. — des officiers; ward-room.

carré, -e, adj., square, quadratic; well-set, well-knit; plain, straightforward; demy (of paper); (rhet.) flowing. Partie —e; party of four (two men and two women).

carreau, n.m., (med.) tabes mesenterica.

carreau, n.m., square; lozenge; square tile or brick; small flag-stone; ground, floor; pane (of glass); cushion, hassock; tailor’s goose; diamond (at cards); (gard.) bed, square; (arch.) stretcher; rubber (file); ☉square-headed arrow, cross-arrow. Brochet —; very large pike. Tomber sur le —; to fall on the floor. Coucher sur le —; to sleep on the floor. Jeter quelqu’un sur le —; to send any one sprawling upon the ground. Rester sur le —; to be killed on the spot. Etoffes à —x; stuff checks. C’est un valet de —; he is a contemptible fellow.

carrefour, n.m., cross-way or street, cross-road, quadrant, crowded thoroughfare. Les —s d’une ville; the public places of a town. — des auteurs; Grub-street. Langage de —; low, vulgar language; Billingsgate. Orateur de —; stump-orator.

carrelage, n.m., tile-flooring, brick-paving.

carreler, v.a., to pave (a floor) with square tiles, bricks, stones; to cobble.

carrelet, n.m., (ich.) flounder; square net; shoemaker’s awl.

carrelette, n.f., flat file.

carreleur, n.m., floor-tiler, brick-pavior; tramping cobbler.

carrelier, n.m., a tile-maker.

carrelure, n.f., new-soling of shoes.

carrément, adv., squarely; plainly, straightforwardly. Couper —; to cut square. Tracer un plan —; to draw a plan square.

carrer, v.a., to square.

se carrer, v.r., to strut, to stalk; to double one’s stake (at bouillotte—a card game). Se — dans son fauteuil; to sit in state.

carrick, n.m., box-coat, cape; gig.

carrier, n.m., a quarry-man.

carrière, n.f., race-ground, course, &c.; career, race; course; scope; play, vent; quarry. Le bout de la —; the goal. Parcourir la —; to run round, to run over the course. Donner — à son imagination; to give scope, free vent to one’s imagination. Se donner —; to throw off all restraint. Donner — à un cheval; to give a horse his head. — de marbre; marble quarry.

carriole, n.f., covered cart, jaunting car, pleasure-van; wretched carriage.

carrossable, adj., (of roads) practicable for carriages. Route —; carriage road.

carrosse, n.m., four-wheeled carriage, coach. — de remise; livery-coach. — de louage; hackney-coach. Mener un —; to drive a carriage. Aller en —; to ride in a coach. Rouler —; to keep a carriage; to live in grand style.

carrossée, n.f., coachful, carriageful.

carrosserie, n.f., coach-making; coach-building.

carrossier, n.m., coachmaker, carriage-builder; coach-horse.

carrousel, n.m., tournament; roundabout.

☉carrousse, n.f., carouse. Faire —; to carouse, to drink hard.

carrure, n.f., breadth of shoulders.

cartahu, n.m., (nav.) whip; girt-line. Poulie de —; single block.

cartayer, v.n., to avoid ruts.

carte, n.f., pasteboard; card, postcard; label, ticket; map, chart; bill; bill of fare; account. Un jeu de —s; a pack of cards. Les basses —s; the small cards. —s préparées; marked cards. Donner les —s; to deal. Battre les —s; to shuffle. Faire des tours de —s; to play tricks with cards. Mettre aux —s; to pay the card money. Château de —s; gingerbread or jerry-built house. Brouiller les —s; to sow discord. Voir le dessous des —s; to be in the secret; “in the Know.” Avoir — blanche; to have full power. Tirer les —s; to tell fortunes (with cards). — de géographie; map, chart. Faire la — d’un pays; to map out a country. — topographique; topographical chart. — marine; sea-chart. Perdre la —; to lose one’s wits. Dîner à la —; to dine from the bill of fare.

cartel, n.m., challenge, cartel; dial-case, clock; frieze-panel, frame; (milit., nav.) cartel. — d’armoiries; (her.) shield.

carterie, n.f., card-making, card-factory.

carteron, n.m. V. quarteron.

cartésianisme, n.m., Cartesian philosophy.

cartésien, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj., Cartesian.

carthaginois, -e, n. and adj., Carthaginian.

carthame, n.m., (bot.) carthamus, safflower.

cartier, n.m., playing-card maker.

cartilage, n.m., (anat.) cartilage, gristle.

cartilagineu-x, -se, adj., cartilaginous, gristly.

cartisane, n.f., foil-card. Dentelle à —; vellum-lace.

cartomancie, n.f., cartomancy.

cartomancien, n.m., -ne, n.f., fortune-teller (by cards).

carton, n.m., pasteboard; (paint.) cartoon; bandbox; case; hat-box; bonnet-box; (print.) four-page cancel. — lissé; glazed pasteboard. — de pâté; mill board. Les —s de Raphaël; the cartoons of Raphael. — de dessins; portfolio of drawings.

cartonnage, n.m., (book-bind.) boarding.

cartonné, -e, adj., (book-bind.) in boards.

cartonner, v.a., to put in boards.

cartonnerie, n.f., pasteboard manufactory.

cartonneu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., binder, boarder (of books).

cartonnier, n.m., pasteboard-maker, seller.

carton-pierre, n.m., (n.p.), statuary pasteboard.

cartouche, n.m., escutcheon, shield, ring; (arch.) cartouch, modillion.

cartouche, n.f., cartouch, case-shot, canister-shot (of cannon); cartridge.

cartouchier, n.m., (nav.) cartridge-box, or pouch.

cartouchière, n.f., cartridge-box.

cartulaire, n.m., cartulary.

carus, n.m., (med.) deep coma.

carvi, n.m., (bot.) caraway; caraway-seed.

caryatide. V. cariatide.

caryophyllée, adj.f., (bot.) caryophyllous.

caryophyllées, n.f.pl., caryophyllæ.

caryophylloïde, n.f., caryophilloid.

cas, n.m., case, event, esteem, value; needs, concern; (jur., math., gram., med.) case. Un — pendable; a hanging matter. Un — imprévu; an unforeseen case. Un tout en —; sunshade. Au —, en — que cela soit; in case it should turn out to be. Auquel —; in which case. Le — échéant; if such should be the case; in that case. En tel —, en pareil —; in such a case. Hors le —; unless, except, save. C’est le — de parler; it is the time to speak out. Faire grand — de quelqu’un; to have a great esteem for any one, to value highly. Faire peu de —; to make light of, to slight. En tout —; at all events, however. En — de besoin; in case of need. C’est le — ou jamais; it is now or never. Il n’est pas dans le — de vous nuire; he is not in a position to harm you. C’est bien le — de le dire; you may indeed well say so. Un en —; a snack (in case of need).

casani-er, -ère, n. and adj., domestic person, domestic, retired, stay at home, home-bird.

casaque, n.f., great coat, cassock. Tourner —; to change sides, to rat.

casaquin, n.m., short gown, jacket.

cascade, n.f., cascade, waterfall; leap, bound. Un discours plein de —s; a jumbled, jerky speech.

cascarille, n.f., cascarilla.

cascatelle, n.f., cascade (of Tivoli).

case, n.f., division; cabin, dwelling-place, small house, hut; box (for animals); pigeon-hole, compartment; point (backgammon); square (chess, draughts); (nav.) berth.

casé, -e, part., placed. Le voilà —; he is provided for.

caséeu-x, -se, adj., caseous, cheesy.

casemate (kaz-mat), n.f., (fort.) casemate; dungeon, cell.

casematé, -e, adj., casemated.

caser, v.n., (backgammon) to make a point.

caser, v.a., to place, to find a place for, to provide for; to arrange, put in order.

se caser, v.r., to take up one’s abode, one’s quarters, to get settled.

caserne, n.f., barracks. — de pompiers; fire-brigade station. Intendant de —; barrack-master.

casernement, n.m., quartering in barracks.

caserner, v.a., to quarter in barracks.

caserner, v.n., to be in barracks.

casier, n.m., set of pigeon-holes; rack, ledger-rack.

*casilleux, adj.m., brittle.

casimir, n.m., kerseymere cloth.

casino, n.m., casino, club.

casoar, n.m., (orni.) cassowary.

casque, n.m., helmet, casque, head-piece; (bot.) hood; (her.) helmet, casque; (conch.) helmet-shell.

casquette, n.f., cap (of a man or boy).

cassable, adj., breakable.

cassade, n.f., sham, flam; lie, fib, cheat.

cassage, n.m., breakage.

*cassaille, n.f., the breaking up (of ground).

cassant, -e, adj., brittle, apt to break; (of a man) abrupt, bluff, gruff.

cassation, n.f., breaking; (jur.) annulment, repeal, quashing. Se pourvoir en —; to lodge an appeal. Cour de —; the highest court of appeal in France.

cassave, n.f., cassava.

casse, n.f., (bot.) cassia; (print.) case; (com.) breakage; ☉(milit.) cashiering, dismissal. — aromatique; bastard cinnamon. Cet officier mérite la —; that officer deserves to be dismissed the service. Haut de —; (print.) upper-case. Bas de —; (print.) lower-case. Apprendre la —; to learn the boxes.

casseau, n.m., (print.) half-case.

casse-cou, n.m., (—, or —-—s) break-neck; (man.) rough-rider.

casse-lunettes, n.m., (plur. —) (bot.) eyebright.

casse-mottes, n.m., (plur. —) (agri.) clod-breaker.

casse-noisettes, n.m., (plur. —) nut-crackers.

casse-noix, n.m., (—) nut-crackers; (orni.) nut-hatch.

casser, v.a., to break; to crack; to cashier; to waste; to wear out; to annul; to rescind; to shiver (a mast). Qui casse les verres les paie or Il faut payer les pots cassés; you must stand the racket. — un jugement; to reverse a judgment. Cassé de vieillesse; worn out with old age. Voix cassée; broken voice. Vous me cassez la tête; you bore me to death. — aux gages; to dismiss, to discharge.

se casser, v.r., to break; to break down; to wear out; to snap. Se — la tête; to break one’s head; to puzzle one’s brains. Se — le cou; to break one’s neck. Se — la jambe; to break one’s leg.

casser, v.n., to break. À tout —; with a vengeance; at break-neck speed.

casserole, n.f., saucepan, stewpan.

casse-tête, n.m., (—) tomahawk; puzzle-brain; heady wine; din, noise. Quel —! what a din!

cassetin, n.m., (print.) box.

cassette, n.f., casket; cash-box. La — du roi; the King’s privy purse.

casseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., breaker, smasher. C’est un grand — de raquettes; he is a real matador. Un — d’assiettes; a quarrelsome fellow, blusterer, bully.

cassier, n.m., cassia-tree.

cassine, n.f., (milit.) cassine; country-box; badly-kept house; stall, booth.

cassiopée, n.f., (astron.) Cassiopeia.

cassis (kâ-sis), n.m., black currant; black currant-tree; black-currant ratafia (liquor).

cassolette, n.f., perfuming pan; scent-box, fragrant smell; (b.s.) stench, odor. Quelle —! what a perfume!

casson, n.m., fragment of plate-glass; lump.

cassonade, n.f., moist sugar.

cassure, n.f., broken place; break, crack, snap; fracture; (nav.) hogging.

*castagnette, n.f., castanet.

caste, n.f., caste.

☉castel, n.m., castle.

*castillan, -e, n. and adj., Castilian.

*castille, n.f., altercation, bickering, strife.

castine, n.f., (metal.) flux.

castor, n.m., (mam.) castor, beaver; beaver hat; tile.

castoréum (-om), n.m., (phar.) castoreum.

castorine, n.f., castorine.

castramétation, n.f., castrametation.

castrat, n.m., castrato, castrate.

castration, n.f., castration.

casualité, n.f., (l.u.) casualty, fortuitousness.

casuel, -le, adj., casual, contingent, precarious, fortuitous, accidental.

casuel, n.m., perquisites, extra salary; fees. Le — d’une cure; surplice fees.

casuellement (-mān), adv., casually, accidentally, by chance, fortuitously.

casuiste, n.m., casuist.

catachrèse (-krèz), n.f., (rhet.) catachresis.

cataclysme, n.m., cataclysm, deluge, flood; (fig.) disaster, overthrow.

catacois. V. cacatois.

catacombes, n.f.pl., catacombs.

catacoustique, n.f., catacoustics.

catadioptrique, n.f., catadioptrics.

catadioptrique, adj., catadioptrical.

☉catadoupe or catadupe, n.f., catadupa, cataract, waterfall.

catafalque, n.m., catafalque; bed of state.

cataire, adj., of a cat, cat-like. Frémissement — (med.); thrill, purring tremor, of the heart.

cataire, n.f., (bot.) catmint, catnip.

catalan, -e, n. and adj., Catalonian.

catalecte or catalectique, adj., (poet.) catalectic.

catalectes, n.m.pl., (lit.) catalectics.

catalepsie, n.f., catalepsy.

cataleptique, adj., cataleptic.

catalogue (-log), n.m., list, enumeration, catalogue.

cataloguer (-ghé), v.a., to catalogue.

catalpa, n.m., (bot.) catalpa.

cataplasme, n.m., cataplasm, poultice.

catapuce, n.f., (bot.) caper-spurge.

catapulte, n.f., (antiq.) catapult.

cataracte, n.f., cataract; waterfall; (med.) cataract.

cataracté, -e, adj., (med.) afflicted with a cataract.

se cataracter, v.r., to have an incipient cataract.

catarrhal, -e, adj., (med.) catarrhal.

catarrhe, n.m., catarrh, cold. — d’été; hay-fever.

catarrheu-x, -se, adj., (med.) catarrhous.

catastrophe, n.f., catastrophe, calamity.

catéchiser, v.a., to catechise; to reason with; to lecture; to give anyone his due; to coach up.

catéchisme, n.m., catechism. Faire le — à quelqu’un; to give anyone his due.

catéchiste, n.m., catechist.

catéchuménat (-ku-), n.m., catechumenate.

catéchumène (-ku-), n.m.f., catechumen.

catégorie, n.f., category, predicament.

catégorique, adj., categorical, proper, explicit.

catégoriquement (-rik-mān), adv., categorically, to the purpose.

catégoriser, v.a., to class.

☉caterve, n.f., troop, band.

cathartine, n.f., cathartine.

cathartique, n.m. and adj., cathartic, purgative.

ex cathédra, with high authority.

cathédrale, n. and adj. f., cathedral; cathedral church.

cathédrant, n.m., president (over a thesis).

cathérétique, adj., (pharm.) caustic.

cathéter (-tèr), n.m., (surg.) catheter.

cathétérisme, n.m., (surg.) catheterism.

catholicisme, n.m., Catholicism.

catholicité, n.f., Catholicity; Catholic countries.

catholicon, n.m., (phar.) catholicon.

catholique, adj., Catholic, moral, orthodox. Cela n’est pas —; that is not orthodox.

catholique, n.m.f., Catholic. Un — à gros grains; a lax Catholic.

catholiquement (-mān), adv., in a catholic way.

cati, n.m., pressing, gloss, lustre.

cati, adj., pressed.

en catimini, adv., slily, stealthily.

catin, n.f., (l.ex.) harlot, strumpet.

catir, v.a., to give a gloss to. — à chaud; to hot-press. — à froid; to cold-press.

catissage, n.m., glossing, pressing.

catisseur, n.m., presser.

catmarin, n.m., (ornith.) red-throated diver.

catodon, n.m., catodon, a species of whale.

catogan or cadogan, n.m., club of hair.

catoptrique, n.f., catoptrics.

catoptromancie, n.f., catoptromancy.

caucasique, adj., (geog.) Caucasian.

cauchemar (kosh-mar), n.m., nightmare, incubus. Il donne le —; he tires one to death.

caucher, n.m., vellum-mold.

cauchois, -e, adj., of Caux.

caudataire, n.m., the train-bearer.

caudé, -e, adj., (her.) caudated, tailed.

☉caudebec, n.m., woolen French hat.

caudex (kô-dèks), n.m., stem of a tree.

caudicule, n.f., (bot.) caudicle.

caudines, adj.f.pl., caudine.

caulicoles, n.f.pl., (arch.) caulicole.

caulinaire, adj., (bot.) cauline.

cauris, n.m., cowry.

causal, -e, adj., causal.

causalité, n.f., causality.

causant, -e, adj., chatty, talkative.

causati-f, -ve, adj., (gram.) causative.

causation, n.f., causation.

causativement, adv., causatively.

cause, n.f., cause; grounds, motive; subject; case, trial, brief. —s éloignées; remote causes. Prendre fait et — pour quelqu’un; to espouse any one’s cause; to side with; to stand by. — appelée, remise; cause called in court, put off. — embrouillée, douteuse; intricate, doubtful case. Donner gain de — à; to decide in favor of. Avoir gain de —; to gain the day. Être hors de —; not to be concerned in a law-suit. Mettre hors de —; to dismiss the parties (to a suit); (fig.) to free from blame; to put out of the question. Être condamné sans connaissance de —; to be cast without a hearing. Ses héritiers ou ayants —; his heirs or assigns. Un avocat sans —; a briefless barrister. Parler avec connaissance de —; to speak from a knowledge of the case. Être la — innocente, or involontaire, d’un accident; to be the harmless, or involuntary, cause of an accident. Il ne le fera pas, et pour —; he won’t do it, and for a very good reason. À ces —s; (jur.) these reasons moving us thereunto. À — de; for the sake of, on account of, because of, for. À — de quoi? why? wherefore? for what reason? À — que; because.

causer, v.a., to cause, to be the cause of, to occasion, to give rise to.

causer, v.n., to chat, to talk, to prate. — de choses et d’autres; to talk of one thing and another. — de la pluie et du beau temps; to talk about the weather. — littérature, voyages; to talk about literature, travels. Vous aurez causé; you have been babbling.

causerie (kôz-rî), n.f., talk, chat, gossip.

causette, n.f., chit-chat. Faire la —; to have a chat.

causeu-r, -se, adj., talkative, chatty.

causeu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., talker, conversationalist.

causeuse, n.f., small sofa, settee.

causticité, n.f., causticity.

caustique, adj., biting, cutting, caustic.

caustique, n.m., caustic, biting, cutting.

caustique, n.f., (geom., phys.) caustic curve.

caustiquement, adv., caustically, cuttingly.

cauteleusement (kôt-leûz-mān), adv., craftily, slyly.

cauteleu-x, -se (kôt-leû), adj., cunning, crafty.

cautère, n.m., (med.) issue, cautery; (vet.) firing-iron. Panser un —; to dress a cautery. Pois à —; issue peas.

☉cautérétique. V. cathérétique.

cautérisation, n.f., cauterization.

cautériser, v.a., to cauterize, to sear, to burn.

caution, n.f., surety, security, bail, pledge. — légale; common bail. — solvable; special bail. Un homme sujet à —; a man not to be trusted.

cautionné, -e, part., bailed; (of things) suspicious, doubtful.

cautionnement (kô-sio-n-mān), n.m., bailing, bail, caution-money; security.

cautionner, v.a., to stand bail for any one, to stand surety for.

cavage, n.m., hollowing out, digging; cellarage.

cavalcade, n.f., ride, cavalcado.

☉cavalcadour, n.m., riding-master, equerry, master of the horse.

cavale, n.f., mare, steed.

cavalerie (ka-val-rî), n.f., cavalry, horse.

cavalier, n.m., horseman; rider, cavalier; trooper; gentleman, gallant; (dancing) partner; knight (at chess); (fort.) cavalier; (man.) rider; (mec.) spoil-bank. Servir de — à une dame; to escort a lady.

cavali-er, -ère, adj., cavalier, free, proud, haughty, unceremonious.

cavalièrement (-mān), adv., cavalierly, bluntly, unceremoniously.

cavatine, n.f., (mus.) cavatina.

cave, n.f., cellar, vault, cellarage; boot (of a coach); case of bottles, cellaret; (cards) pool, stock. Rat de —; twisted taper. Rats de —; excisemen.

cave, adj., hollow, sunken. Œil —; hollow eye. Lune —; lunar month of 29 days. Année —; lunar year (353 days).

caveau, n.m., small cellar; vault (in a church).

cavecé, -e, adj., with a black head (of a roan horse or mare). Cheval rouan — de noir; roan horse with a black head.

caveçon, n.m., (man.) cavezon, curb. Il a besoin de —; he wants curbing.

cavée, n.f., (hunt.) hollow way.

caver, v.a., to hollow, to make hollow, to scoop out, to dig under; to lunge (fencing); to stake (at play). — au plus fort; to play deep; to carry things to extremes.

se caver, v.r., to become hollow or sunken; to stake.

caverne, n.f., cavern; cave, hollow, den.

caverneu-x, -se, adj., hollow, sepulchral; (anat.) cavernous, spongy. Voix —se; hollow voice.

cavet, n.m., (arch.) cavetto.

caviar, n.m., (cook.) caviar, caviare.

cavillation (-vil-la-), n.f., sophistry, cavil, cavilling.

caviste, n.m., cellarer, cellar man.

cavité, n.f., cavity, hollow.

ce, cet, m., cette, f., ces, pl., demonst. adj., this, these; that, those. Ce livre; this or that book. Ce héros; this or that hero. Cet arbre; this or that tree. Cet homme; this or that man. Cette femme; this or that woman. Ces livres; these or those books. Ce livre-ci; this book. Ce livre-là; that book.

ce, demonst. pron., he, she, it; they. J’aime votre frère, c’est un bon ami; I love your brother, he is a good friend. Lisez Racine et Boileau, ce sont de grands poètes; read Racine and Boileau, they are great poets.

ce (for cela), it, that; he, she, they. C’est fait; it is done. C’est fort bien fait; that’s very well done. C’en est fait de moi; it is all up with me. C’en est fait; it is all over, it is done. C’est bien fait; it serves him right. Et ce, pour cause; and this for a good reason. Je lui ai dit telle chose, et ce pour le persuader de le faire; I told him such a thing, and it was to persuade him to do it. Qui est-ce? who is he? Qui était-ce? who was it? Qui sera-ce? who will it be? Qui est-ce qui arrive là? who is coming there? Est-ce moi? is it I? Est-ce lui? is it he? Est-ce nous qu’il menace? is it towards us his threats are directed? Est-ce eux que vous prétendez soumettre? is it they you pretend to subdue? Sont-ce les Anglais? is it the English? C’est vous qu’on demande; it is you who are wanted. Ce sont eux que j’ai vus; it is they I have seen. Sont-ce là les dames que vous attendiez? are these the ladies you expected? Oui, ces ont elles; yes, they are. C’était eux, ce furent eux, ce sera nous, ce sera vous autres, ce sera eux, ce serait eux; it was they, &c. Qu’est-ce? what is that? Qu’est-ce que je vois là-bas? what do I see yonder? Sont-ce là vos raisons? are those your reasons? Est-ce là votre carrosse? is that your coach? Oui, ce l’est; yes, it is. Sont-ce là vos chevaux? are these your horses? Oui, ce les sont; yes, they are. Quel jour est-ce aujourd’hui? what day is it to-day? C’est jeudi; it is Thursday. Quand sera-ce? when will it be? Ce sera pour demain; it will be for to-morrow.

ce qui, que, dont, à quoi; that, which, what, of what, to what. Je ne sais ce que nous deviendrons; I do not know what will become of us. Ce qui se passe; what happens. Ce que je vous dit; what I tell you. Faites ce dont je vous ai parlé; do what I told you of. Ce qui réussit est toujours approuvé; what meets with success always meets with approbation. C’est ce que je disais; it is what I said. Ce que j’ai vu de beau; the fine things I saw. Tout ce qu’on fait de mauvais; all the mischief that is done. Savez-vous à quoi il pense? do you know what he is thinking of?

ce qui or ce que, serve for two verbs, the latter of which, when ce begins the sentence, is governed by ce: if the latter verb is être, followed by que or de, ce must be repeated before it. Ce que je crains, c’est d’être surpris; what I fear is to be surprised. Ce qu’il demande, c’est une pension; what he asks for is a pension. [But ce cannot be repeated when être is followed by an adjective.] Ce qu’on vous a dit est vrai; what you have been told is true. Ce qu’on vous a dit, ce sont des contes; what you have been told are mere idle tales. C’était un grand capitaine que César; Cæsar was a great captain. Sont-ce les richesses qui vous rendront heureux? can riches make you happy? C’est moi qu’on veut perdre; I am the man they wish to ruin. C’est à vous que je parle; it is to you I speak. C’est d’elle que je parle; it is of her that I speak. C’est là que je les attends; there I shall have them. C’est un bonheur que d’avoir échappé; it is good luck to have escaped. C’était à vous de parler; it was your duty to speak. C’était à vous à parler; it was your turn to speak. Si c’était à refaire; if it were to be done again. C’est à qui parlera; they vie with one another as to who shall speak. C’était à qui s’offrirait; they vied with one another as to who would offer himself. Ce serait pour moi un grand plaisir; it would give me great pleasure. Ce n’est pas qu’il la craigne, mais il aime la paix; not that he fears her, but he loves peace. Ces malheureux ne savent ce que c’est que la vertu; these wretches know not what virtue is. C’est-à-dire; that is to say. Ce n’est pas à dire que; it does not follow that. C’est pourquoi; therefore, wherefore, for which reason. C’est que; you must know; I must tell you. Ce que c’est que de nous! what poor mortals we are.

céans, adv., within, here within, in this house, home. Maître de —; master of the house. Il dînera —; he will dine at home.

ceci, demonst. pron., this. Que veut dire —? what does this mean? C’est —, c’est cela; it is first one thing and then another.

cécité, n.f., blindness. Frapper de —; to strike blind.

cédant, n.m., -e, n.f., (jur.) grantor; assignor, transferrer.

cédant, -e, adj., that assigns, transfers; that grants.

céder, v.a., to give, to give up, to yield, to transfer; to sell, to part with, to make over. — le pas à quelqu’un; to give precedence to any one. — le haut du pavé; to give the wall.

céder, v.n., to give way, to give; to submit; to give in. Il faut —; we must submit. — à son penchant; to give way to one’s inclinations. Je lui cède en tout; I give in to him in everything. Ne le — à personne; to yield to no one; to be second to none. La porte céda; the door gave way.

*cédille, n.f., (gram.) cedilla.

cédrat, n.m., (bot.) (tree) cedrate, lemon-tree; (fruit) lemon.

cédratier, n.m., (bot.) cedrate, lemon-tree.

cèdre, n.m., cedar; cedar of Lebanon.

cédrie, n.f., cedrie, cedar-resin.

cédule, n.f., (jur.) cedule, schedule, memorandum, notice; note of hand.

ceindre (ceignant, ceint), v.a., to enclose, to encompass, to surround, to bind; to fence; to gird on, to put on, to encircle. Une corde lui ceignait les reins; his loins were girt with a cord. — le diadème; to put on the diadem.

se ceindre, v.r., to bind round one; to encircle one’s brow with anything.

ceintrage, n.m., (nav.) frapping, swifting (of rigging).

ceintrer, v.a., (nav.) to frap, to gird. — un vaisseau; to frap a ship.

ceinture, n.f., sash, girdle, belt; waist-band, waist-ribbon; the waist; enclosure, circle; (arch.) cincture (of a column), molding; (nav.) swifter. Bonne renommée vaut mieux que — dorée; a good name is better than riches. — de deuil; funeral hangings. Chemin de fer de —; circular railway.

ceinturé, -e, adj., confined, girt; wearing a sash.

ceinturer, v.a., to girdle, to girt.

ceinturier, n.m., girdle-maker, belt-maker.

ceinturon, n.m., belt, sword-belt.

cela, demonst. pron., that. — est vrai; that is true. Comment —? how so? C’est —; that’s it. Ce n’est pas —; that’s not it, that will not do. N’est-ce que —? is that all? Comme —; so so. Il est comme —; it is his way, it is just like him. C’est — même; that’s the very thing. Par — même; for that very reason. Pour — oui; most certainly. Pour — non; certainly not.

céladon, adj., m., sea-green (color). Ruban —; sea-green ribbon.

céladon, n.m., sea-green (color); sentimental lover; old beau.

célébrant, n.m., officiating priest at mass.

célébration, n.f., solemn performance, celebration.

célèbre, adj., celebrated, famous, renowned; eminent, distinguished.

célébrer, v.a., to praise, to extol, to sing, to solemnize; to glorify, to celebrate, to record.

célébrité, n.f., celebrity; fame.

celer or céler, v.a., to conceal, to keep close or secret, to secrete. Se faire —; to say “not at home.”

céleri (sèl-ri), n.m., celery. Botte de —; bundle of celery.

célérité, n.f., celerity, rapidity, dispatch, speed.

céleste, adj., celestial, heavenly, divine. Bleu —; sky-blue. La colère —; the anger of heaven.

célestin, n.m., celestin (monk — moine).

céliaque, adj., (anat.) cœliac.

célibat, n.m., celibacy, single life; single state. Femme, homme, dans le —; single woman, single man.

célibataire, n.m., single man, bachelor.

celle, demonst. pron. she, that. V. celui.

☉celle, n.f., cell (of a hermit).

cellér-ier, n.m., -ière, n.f., cellarer.

cellier, n.m., cellar, store-room.

cellulaire, adj., cellular.

cellule, n.f., cell, partition; cell (of honey).

celluleu-x, -se, adj., cellular.

célosie, n.f., (bot.) cock’s-comb; coxcomb.

celte, n.m., Celt.

celtique, adj., Celtic.

celtique, n.m., Celtic language.

celui, m., celle, f., ceux, celles, pl., demonst. pron., he, him; she, her, they, them; that, those. Ceux qui ont vécu avant nous; those who lived before us.

celui-ci, celle-ci, sing., ceux-ci, celles-ci, pl., demonst. pron.; this, these.

celui-là, celle-là, sing., ceux-là, celles-là, pl., demonst. pron.; that, those. Aimez-vous mieux celui-ci? do you like this best? Celui-là n’est pas si beau; that one is not so fine. Celui-ci est meilleur que celui-là; this is better than that. [Celui-ci relates to an object near the speaker; celui-là, to an object distant from him; or after two nouns already expressed, celui-ci refers to the last, celui-là to the first mentioned.]

cément, n.m., cement.

cémentation, n.f., cementation.

cémentatoire, adj., cementatory.

cémenter, v.a., to cement.

cénacle, n.m., (antiq.) guest-chamber (where the Lord’s supper was taken); (fig.) club, literary coterie.

cendre, n.f., ashes; embers; cinder; dust, ashes (of the dead). C’est un feu qui couve sous la —; it is a smoldering fire. La —, les —s des morts; the ashes of the dead.

cendres, n.f.pl., ashes. — ardentes; live embers. — qui couvent; smoldering ashes. Le mercredi des —; Ash-Wednesday. Mettre en —; to lay in ashes. Renaître de ses —; to rise from one’s ashes.

cendré, -e, adj., ashy. Gris —; ashy gray, pale gray. Lumière —; earth-shine.

cendrée, n.f., small shot.

cendreu-x, -se, adj., ashy, full of, or covered with, ashes.

cendrer, v.a., to paint ash-gray, to ash.

cendrier, n.m., ash-pan, cinder-pail; ash-hole; ash-tray.

*cendrille, n.f., (orni.) tomtit.

cène, n.f., the Lord’s supper, communion.

cenelle, n.f., (bot.) haw.

cénobite, n.m., cenobite, monk.

cénobitique, adj., cenobitical.

cénotaphe, n.m., cenotaph.

cens (sāns), n.m., cense, quit-rent; census, franchise, rating.

censable, adj., owner of quit-rent. Seigneur —; lord of the manor.

☉cense, n.f., farm, fee-farm.

censé, -e, adj., accounted, deemed, reputed, supposed, pretended. Il est — être; he is supposed to be.

censéable, adj., liable to quit-rent.

censeur, n.m., censor; censurer; critic; censor of the press; examiner of plays; proctor.

☉censier, adj.m., of quit-rent.

censi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., farmer; rent-roll.

censitaire, n.m., copy-holder.

censive, n.f., quit-rent, manor.

censorial, -e, adj., censorial.

censuel, -le, adj., feudal, of quit-rent.

censurable, adj., censurable.

censure, n.f., censorship; censure, criticism; reproof; ecclesiastical censure; the censors.

censurer, v.a., to find fault with; to blame, to censure, to condemn.

cent, adj., hundred, cent. — un ans; one hundred and one years. Cinq pour —; five per cent. Je vous le donne en —; it’s 100 to 1 against your guessing it. [Cent takes the sign of the plural, if preceded and multiplied, but not followed, by a number: trois cents; trois cent cinquante.] Les — Jours; the Hundred days (from March 20th to end of June, 1815).

centaine, n.f., a hundred; a hundred, or so; thread that ties up a skein. V. sentène.

centaure, n.m., (myth., astron.) centaur.

centaurée, n.f., (bot.) centaury.

centenaire, adj., centenary, secular, of a hundred years’ standing, centennial.

centenaire, n.m.f., centenarian.

centenier, n.m., centurion (in the Channel Isles); sergeant of police.

centésimal, -e, adj., centesimal.

centiare, n.m., the hundredth part of an are (square yard 1.1960).

centième, adj., hundredth.

centième, n.m., the hundredth part.

centigrade, adj., centigrade.

centigramme, n.m., the hundredth part of a gram (grain 0.1543).

centilitre, n.m., the hundredth part of a liter (cubic inch 0.61028).

centime, n.m., the hundredth part of a franc (cent 0.193).

centimètre, n.m., the hundredth part of a meter (inch 0.39371).

centinode, n.f., centinody, knot-grass.

centipède, adj., centipedal; n.m., centipede.

centon, n.m., (lit.) cento.

central, -e, adj., central, chief, head.

centralisat-eur, -rice, adj., centralizing.

centralisation, n.f., centralization.

centraliser, v.a., to centralize.

se centraliser, v.r., to become centralized.

centre, n.m., center, middle. Chaque chose tend à son —; everything converged to its center. Être dans son —; to be in one’s element.

centrifuge, adj., centrifugal.

centripète, adj., centripetal.

centrisque, n.m., (ich.) centriscus, trumpet-fish.

cent-suisse, n.m., one of the hundred that formed the body-guard to the king of France. Les —s; the hundred Swiss guards.

centumvir, n.m., centumvir.

centumviral, -e, adj., centumviral.

centumvirat, n.m., centumvirate.

centuple, n.m., centuple, hundred-fold.

centuple, adj., a hundred-fold.

centupler, v.a., to increase a hundred-fold, to centuple.

centuriateur, n.m., (ecc. lit.) centuriator.

centurie, n.f., (antiq., ecc.) century; hundred (territorial division).

centurion, n.m., centurion.

cep, n.m., vine-stock, vine-stalk, vine-plant.

cépage, n.m., vine-slip, vines. Les —s de la Bourgogne; the vines of Burgundy.

cèpe, n.m., (bot.) esculent boletus.

cépée, n.f., (agri.) tuft of shoots from the same stump; (hunt.) young wood; a wood of one or two years’ growth.

cependant, adv., in the mean time, meanwhile; however, nevertheless; yet, still.

cependant, conj., yet, and yet.

céphalalgie, n.f., cephalalgy, headache.

céphalée, n.f., (med.) headache.

céphalique, adj., (med.) cephalic.

céphalète, n.f., (med.) cephalitis.

céphée, n.m., (astron.) Cepheus.

cérame, n.f., Greek vase.

céramique, adj., ceramic, fictile.

céramique, adj., fictile art, molding.

céraste, n.m., cerastes, horned viper.

cérat, n.m., ointment, salve.

cerbère, n.m., (myth.) Cerberus.

cerce, n.f., hoop, band, binding.

cerceau, n.m., hoop, ring; hoop-net; pinion-quill. Faire courir un —; to trundle a hoop.

cercelle, n.f., water-fowl, teal.

cerclage, n.m., hooping (of casks, &c.).

cercle, n.m., circle, sphere, round, ring, orb, hoop; club, company; binding-hoop. Un quart de —; a quadrant. Un demi-cercle; a semicircle. Décrire, former, un —; to describe, to form, a circle. — vicieux; arguing in a circle; begging the question.

cercler, v.a., to bind with hoops, to hoop.

cerclier, n.m., hoop-maker.

*cercueil (-keu-), n.m., coffin; (fig.) grave, tomb. — de bois; shell. Mettre au —; to bring to the grave.

céréale, adj., cereal, corn.

céréales, n.f.pl., corn, grain, corn crops, cerealia. Commerce des —; corn-trade, breadstuffs.

cérébral, -e, adj., cerebral, brain. Fièvre —e; brain fever.

cérébrite, n.f., (med.) inflammation of the brain.

cérémonial, n.m., ceremonial; ceremony, ceremonies, etiquette, state.

cérémoniaire, n.m., master of the ceremonies.

cérémonie, n.f., ceremony; (biblical) ceremonial; fuss, ado. Visite de —; formal visit. Faire des —s; to stand upon ceremonies. En grande —; in state.

cérémonieu-x, -se, adj., ceremonious, formal, precise.

cérès, n.f., (myth., astron.) Ceres; (fig.) harvest, corn.

cerf (sèr), n.m., stag, hart, deer. — commun; red-deer. Un bois de —; the horns of a stag. Corne de —; hartshorn.

*cerfeuil, n.m., (bot.) chervil. — musqué; sweet cicely.

cerf-volant (sèrvo-) n.m., (—s-—s) (ent.) stag-beetle, bull-fly; kite, paper-kite.

cerisaie, n.f., cherry-orchard.

cerise, n.f., cherry; (of coffee) berry.

cerise, n.m., cherry-color, cerise.

cerisier, n.m., (bot.) cherry-tree, cherry-wood.

cerne, n.m., (bot.) ring.

cerneau, n.m., kernel of a green walnut; green walnut.

cerner, v.a., to cut or dig round (a tree); to surround, to encompass, to hem in; to take the kernel out of green walnuts; (arch.) to gird; (milit.) to invest. Des yeux cernés; eyes with dark circles round them.

cérocome, n.m., (ent.) cerocoma.

céroxyle, n.m., (bot.) wax-palm, wax-tree.

cerre, n.m., bitter-oak.

certain, -e, adj., certain, sure, positive, undoubted; resolved, fixed, determined; some, certain. C’est un homme d’un — mérite; he is a man of some merit. À —es époques de l’année; at certain periods of the year. Dans —s cas; in certain cases. Un — personnage; a certain personage.

certain, n.m., certainty; certain; (exchange language) certain price. Il ne faut pas quitter le — pour l’incertain; we must not quit a certainty for an uncertainty.

certainement (-mān), adv., certainly, assuredly, without fail, indeed, surely, infallibly.

certes, adv., indeed, most certainly.

certificat, n.m., certificate, testimonial. — de vie; attestation, affidavit of existence.

certificateur, n.m., (jur.) certifier, voucher.

certification, n.f., certifying, vouching; witnessing.

certifier, v.a., to certify, to testify, to attest, to aver. — une caution; to guarantee that bail is valid. — véritable; to witness (a signature).

certitude, n.f., certitude, certainty; assurance, steadiness. Avoir la —; to be certain.

cérumen (-mèn), n.m., cerumen, ear-wax.

cérumineu-x, -se, adj., waxy, ceruminous.

céruse, n.f., ceruse, white lead.

cervaison, n.f., (hunt.) stag-season.

cerveau, n.m., brain; mind; intelligence. Rhume de —; cold in the head. — brûlé; disordered brain. Avoir le — creux; to be crack-brained, visionary. Être pris du —; to have a cold in one’s head. Se brûler le —; to blow out one’s brains.

cervelas, n.m., saveloy, Bologna sausage.

cervelet, n.m., (anat.) cerebellum.

cervelle, n.f., brains; head; mind; pith (of palm-trees). Se brûler la —; to blow out one’s brains. Cela lui tourne la —; that turns his head. Se creuser la —; to puzzle one’s brains. Tenir en —; to keep in suspense.

cervical, -e, adj., (anat.) cervical.

cervier. V. loup-cervier.

cervoise, n.f., a sort of beer, ale.

césar, n.m., Cæsar; emperor, prince, conqueror.

césarien, -ne (-è-n), adj., Cesarean.

césarisme, n.m., Cæsarism.

cessant, -e, adj., ceasing. Toute affaire —e; to the suspension of all other business.

cessation, n.f., cessation, suspension, intermission, discontinuance, stoppage.

cesse, n.f., ceasing, intermission, rest, respite. Parler sans —; to talk for ever.

cesser, v.n., to cease, to leave off, to forbear, to discontinue, to give over, to be at an end, to have done, to intermit, to end. Il ne cesse de pleurer; he never leaves off crying. Faire —; to put a stop to, or an end to.

cesser, v.a., to cease, to leave off; to intermit; to break off. — ses payments; (com.) to stop payment.

cessible, adj., (jur., com.) transferable, assignable.

cession, n.f., transfer, assignment (of property); yielding up, relinquishment; surrender.

cessionnaire, n.m., grantee; assignee, transferee.

ceste, n.m., (antiq., myth.) cestus, gauntlet; whirl-bat.

césure, n.f., cesura, pause, rest.

cet, cette. V. ce.

cétacé, -e, adj., cetaceous.

cétacé, n.m., cetaceous animal.

cétérac, n.m., (bot.) ceterach.

cétine, n.f., pure spermaceti, cetine.

cétoine, n.f., (ent.) floral-beetle.

chable, n.m., rope, tackle, tow-line.

chabler, v.a., to fasten a cable to a piece of timber; to lash, to fasten to a cable. — les noyers; to knock down walnuts with a pole.

chableur, n.m., water-bailiff.

chablis, n.m., wind-fallen wood, dead-wood; chablis (white wine).

chaboisseau, n.m., sea-scorpion.

chabot, n.m., (ich.) miller’s-thumb, bull-head.

chabraque, n.f. V. schabraque.

chacal, n.m., jackal.

chaconne, n.f., chacone (dance tune).

chacun, -e, pron., everyone, each. — veut être heureux; everybody wishes to be happy. — en parle; everybody speaks of it. Rendre à — ce qui lui appartient; to return everyone his own. — vit à sa guise; everyone lives as he likes. — le sien, n’est pas trop; everyone his own. — a sa marotte; every man has his hobby. — pour soi; everyone for himself. — à son tour; each in his turn. Ils s’en retournèrent — chez eux; each of them returned to his own home. Vous danserez — à votre tour; you will dance each in your turn. Ils auront — leur part; each of them will have his share. Donnez à — sa part; give everyone his share. Tous les membres ont voté — selon ses instructions; every member voted according to his instructions.

☉chacunière, n.m., one’s own house.

chafouin, -e, adj., sorry, mean-looking, pitiful, scrubby-looking.

chafouin, n.m., -e, n.f., pitiful object; poor wretch.

chagrin, n.m., sorrow, grief, vexation, trouble, concern, regret; fretfulness, peevishness, chagrin; shagreen (leather). Mourir de —; to die of a broken heart. Demi-—; half-bound.

chagrin, -e, adj., gloomy, melancholy, sad, dull, fretful, peevish, waspish, discontented, sullen, cross, morose.

chagrinant, -e, adj., sorrowful, sad; vexatious, provoking, troublesome.

☉chagrinement (-mān), adv., sorrowfully; peevishly, fretfully.

chagriner, v.a., to render gloomy, to grieve, to vex, to afflict, to cross, to trouble, to perplex, to disquiet; to shagreen (skins).

se chagriner, v.r., to fret, to vex one’s self, to grieve, to take on.

chagrinier, n.m., shagreen-maker.

chahut, n.m., vulgar dance; row, shindy.

chahuter, v.n., to make a row, kick up a shindy.

chai, n.m., wine store (above ground).

chaîne, n.f., chain, shackle, cord; galleys, chain of galley-slaves; belting-course (for walls); bonds, bondage; drag-chain (of canals); warp (weaving); (land-surveying) chain, Gunter’s chain; (dancing) right and left. — longue; watch guard. — de gilet; Albert chain. — de sûreté; coupling-chain. Charger quelqu’un de —s; to load with fetters. — de montagnes; long ridge of mountains. La — des idées; the chain of ideas. Attacher avec des —s; to chain up. Tendre des —s; to lay chains across. À la —; chained up. Faire la — (in a fire); to form in line; to pass buckets from hand to hand.

chaînetier (shên-tié), n.m., chain-maker.

chaînette, n.f., little chain; (arch.) catenary arch.

chaînon, n.m., link.

chair, n.f., flesh, meat; skin (of a person). pl., (paint.) flesh. — vive; quick flesh. — morte; dead skin. — ferme, molle; firm, soft, flesh. —s baveuses; (med.) proud flesh. — blanche; white meat. — noire; game. — de poule; goose-flesh, (med.) cutis anseris. J’en ai la — de poule; I shudder at the thought, it makes my flesh creep. Un morceau de —; a piece of meat. La — d’un poisson; the fleshy part of a fish. Couleur de —; flesh-color. Convoitises de la —; the lusts of the flesh. Le Verbe s’est fait —; the Word was made flesh. La résurrection de la —; the resurrection of the body. Pester entre cuir et —; to keep one’s ill humor to one’s self. Hacher menu comme — à pâté; to make mince meat of. Ni — ni poisson; neither fish, flesh nor fowl. En — et en os; in flesh and blood.

chaire, n.f., pulpit; professorship; desk (in churches); bishop’s throne. Monter en —; to mount the pulpit. — apostolique; apostolic see. — curule; curule chair. — de droit; professorship of law.

chaise, n.f., chair, seat; (carp.) timber-work, frame; curb; chaise (carriage). — à dos; high-backed chair. — de paille; straw-bottomed chair. — percée; close-stool. — brisée; folding chair. — à deux chevaux; chaise and pair. — à bascule; rocking-chair. — à porteurs; sedan-chair. — longue; lounging-chair; couch.

chaisier, n.m., chair-maker; chaisière, n.f., chair-letter.

chako, n.m. V. shako.

chaland, n.m., -e, n.f., customer, purchaser.

chaland, n.m., (nav.) lighter, barge.

chalandeau, n.m., lighterman, bargeman.

☉chalandise, n.f., custom.

chalastique (ka-), adj., (med.) chalastic.

chalcédoine. V. calcédoine.

chalcite (kalsit), n.m., (chem.) chalcite.

chalcographe (kal-), n.m., chalcographer, engraver on brass.

chalcographie (kal-), n.f., chalcography, engraving on brass; engraving establishment; printing-office (of the pope).

chaldaïque (kal-), adj., Chaldaic.

chaldéen, -ne (-in, -è-n), adj. V. chaldaïque.

chaldéen, n.m., -ne, n.f., Chaldean.

chaldéen, n.m., Chaldaic, Chaldean.

châle, n.m., shawl.

châlet, n.m., cheese-house, Swiss cottage.

chaleur, n.f., heat, glow; fervency, zeal, ardor; warmth; (phys.) calorie. Son style manque de —; his style lacks warmth. Les grandes —s; the hot season; the height of summer. Sentir de la —; to feel warm.

chaleureu-x, -se, adj., warm, ardent; glowing; spirited, vehement.

☉châlit, n.m., bedstead.

☉chaloir, v.imp., to care for, to matter. Il ne m’en chaut; I don’t care, it matters not to me. Peu m’en chaut; it signifies little to me.

chalon, n.m., drag, drag-net.

chaloupe, n.f., (nav.) ship’s boat, long boat, launch. — canonnière; gun-boat.

chalumeau, n.m., stalk of corn; straw; pipe, reed; blow-pipe; shawm.

chalumet, n.m., top (of a pipe).

chalut, n.m., drag-net, trawl.

chalybé, -e (ka-), adj., chalybeate.

chamade, n.f., (milit.) parley, chamade. Battre la —; to sound a parley; to surrender, to yield.

*chamailler, v.n., to bicker, to squabble, to wrangle.

*se chamailler, v.r., to squabble, to wrangle. — des dents; to feed, to stuff.

*chamaillis, n.m., fray, squabble, uproar, wrangle.

charmarre, n.f., smock-frock; lace, embroidery.

chamarrer, v.a., to lace, to trim with lace, to bedizen; to load with ridicule.

chamarrure, n.f., trimming, lacing, bedizening.

chambellan (-bel-lān), n.m., chamberlain.

chambourin, n.m., strass.

chambranle, n.m., (carp.) chambranle; casing of a chimney, door-case, window-frame. — de cheminée; mantel-shelf.

chambre, n.f., chamber, room; lodging, apartment; House (of parliament); (metal.) bead, chaplet; (opt.) camera, chamber; (artil.) chamber; (nav.) cabin; honey-comb (of cannon). — ardente; ardent chamber (history of France). — claire; light room; (opt.) camera lucida. — haute; House of Lords. — à coucher; bed-chamber. — garnie; furnished lodging. Femme de —; chambermaid. Robe de —; dressing-gown. Garder la —; to keep one’s room. Convoquer les —s; to convoke parliament. Avoir des —s à louer dans la tête; to be rather empty-headed, to be a visionary. Arrêter, louer, une —; to hire, to secure a room. Faire une —; to do (clean) a room.

chambré, -e, adj., (of fire-arms) chambered, provided with a powder-chamber; honeycombed (of cannon).

chambrée, n.f., persons sleeping in one room; (thea.) house; mess, barrack-room (of soldiers).

chambrelan, n.m., (pop., l.u.) workman who works in his own room; single-room lodger.

☉chambrer, v.n., to chum together.

se chambrer, v.r., to become honeycombed.

chambrer, v.a., to keep anyone confined either by force or art; to take one aside in a company; to chamber (of guns).

chambrette, n.f., little room.

☉chambrier, n.m., chamberlain.

chambrière, n.f., chamber-maid; (man.) horse-whip.

chame or came, n.f., (conch.) chama; muscle, heart-cockle.

chameau, n.m., camel; (fig.) heavy fellow. Rejeter le moucheron et avaler le —; to strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.

chamelier, n.m., camel-driver.

chamelle, n.f., female camel.

chamelon (sham-lon), n.m., young camel.

chamois, n.m., chamois, shamoy, wild goat; shammy; shammy-leather; chamois leather.

chamois, adj., buff, drab.

chamoiser, v.a., to shamoy.

se chamoiser, v.r., to be shamoyed.

chamoiserie, n.f., chamois factory; chamois leather.

chamoiseur, n.m., shamoy-dresser.

champ (shān), n.m., field, piece of ground; career; opportunity, scope; matter, theme, subject; compass, space; (her.) field. À tout bout de —; every moment. À travers —s; over hedge and ditch, across country. — de bataille; field of battle. — de courses; race-course. — de repos; the churchyard, God’s acre. — clos; lists (for combat). Sur-le-—; at once, immediately. Battre aux —s; (milit.) to beat a salute. Donner la clef des —s; to give anyone his liberty. Être aux —s; to be in the country; (fig.) to be in a passion. Courir les —s; to run about the country. Prendre la clef des —s; to take to one’s heels; to bolt. Le — est libre; the coast is clear. Il est fou à courir les —s; he is as mad as a march hare. Être aux —s; not to know where one is.

*champagne, n.m., champagne. — frappé; iced champagne. — mousseux; sparkling champagne. — non mousseux; still champagne. Fine —; liqueur brandy.

*champagniser, v.a., to turn into champagne.

champart, n.m., (feudality) field-rent paid in kind to the lord.

champarter, v.a., to exercise the right of levying field-rent in kind.

champarteur, n.m., bailiff charged to collect field-rent in kind.

☉champeaux, n.m.pl., grass fields.

champenois, n.m., -e, n.f., native of Champagne.

champenois, -e, adj., of Champagne.

champêtre, adj., rural, rustic, country-like, sylvan. Garde —; keeper.

champignon, n.m., mushroom, toadstool; waster, thief (in a candle); bonnet-stand, peg; (arch.) cap.

*champignonnière, n.f., mushroom-bed.

champion, n.m., champion, chieftain; combatant.

championnat, n.m., championship.

champlure, n.f., frost-bite (of a vine); tap-hole (of a cask).

chance, n.f., hazard (at dice); chance, luck, good luck, good fortune; risk. Courir la —; to run the risk. Être en —; to be lucky, or in luck’s way. Souhaiter bonne — à quelqu’un; to wish any one good luck. Il n’est — qui ne retourne; luck will change.

chancelant, -e, adj., staggering, tottering, unsettled; unsteady, irresolute, wavering.

chanceler, v.n., to stagger, to totter, to reel, to falter, to waver, to be unsteady.

chancelier, n.m., chancellor. Grand —; high chancellor.

chancelière, n.f., chancellor’s wife; foot-muff.

chancellement (-mān), n.m., reeling, tottering, staggering, unsteadiness.

chancellerie (-sèl-rî), n.f., chancellor’s house, office, chancellery. Grande —; office of the great seal. Petite —; office of the privy seal.

chanceu-x, -se, adj., lucky, fortunate; uncertain, doubtful (of things).

chancir, v.n., to grow musty, moldy.

chancissure, n.f., mustiness, moldiness.

chancre, n.m., (agri., bot., vet.) canker; (med.) chancre.

chancreu-x, -se, adj., cancerous, cankered; (med.) chancrous.

chandeleur (shand-lēur), n.f., Candlemas.

chandelier, n.m., candlestick; chandler, tallowchandler; (nav.) crotch. — à manche; flat candlestick. — de mineur; miner’s crowbar. Être placé sur le —; to occupy a conspicuous position.

chandelière, n.f., tallow-chandler (woman).

chandelle, n.f., candle, tallow-candle; light. — plongée; dip-candle. — de glace; icicle. — de veille; rush-light. Moucher la —; to snuff the candle. Eteindre la —; to put out the candle. Souffler la —; to blow out the candle. Travailler à la —; to work by candle-light. Brûler la — par les deux bouts; to burn the candle at both ends. Le jeu n’en vaut pas la —; it is not worth one’s while. S’en aller comme une —; to go off like the snuff of a candle. Voir trente-six —s; to be stunned; to see the stars by daylight. C’est une économie de bouts de —; that is penny wise and pound foolish. Il vous doit une belle —; he ought to be very grateful to you.

chandellerie, n.f., candle-factory.

chanfrein, n.m., forehead (of a horse); chanfrin (armor for a horse’s head); (arch.) chamfer, chamfret; (zoöl.) chaffron.

chanfreiner, v.a., (arch.) to chamfer, to rabbet; (carp.) to cant, to edge.

change, n.m., exchange (barter); (com.) exchange; money-change; agio; (fig.) wrong scent. Lettres de —; letters of exchange. Agent de —; stock-broker. — commun; average exchange. — direct; direct exchange. — extérieur; foreign exchange. — du jour; current exchange. Commerce de —; exchange business. Cote de —; current rate of exchange. Fausse lettre de —; forged bill. Lettre de — sur l’étranger; foreign bill of exchange. Le — est au pair; the exchange is at par. Première de —; first of exchange. Seconde de —; second of exchange. Seule de —; sole of exchange. Au — de; at the rate of exchange of. Bureau de — de monnaie; exchange office. Donner le — à quelqu’un; to put any one on the wrong scent. Rendre le — à quelqu’un; to give a Roland for an Oliver, or tit for tat; to pay back in one’s own coin. Tirer une lettre de — sur quelqu’un; to draw a bill on anyone.

changeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., changeable, fickle, unsteady, variable, inconstant, unstable, unsettled (of the weather).

changement (shanj-mān), n.m., change, alteration, changing, variation, mutation; (jur.) amendment. Amener un —; to bring about a change. — à vue; scene-shifting. — de voie; shunting.

changeoter (-jo-té), v.n., (fam., l.u.) to change often.

changer, v.a., to change, to exchange; to alter, to turn, to commute, to convert, to transform.

se changer, v.r., to be changed, converted; to alter, to change.

changer, v.n., to change, to alter. — de logis, de demeure; to shift one’s quarters, to remove. — d’avis; to alter one’s mind. — de chemise; to change one’s shirt. — d’habits; to change clothes. — de voie (rail.); to shunt.

changeur, n.m., money-changer.

chanoine, n.m., canon.

chanoinesse, n.f., canoness.

☉chanoinie, n.f., canonry, canonship.

chanson, n.f., song, ballad; ditty; (fig.) idle story, stuff, trash. Refrain d’une —; chorus of a song. C’est toujours la même —; it is the same thing over and over again; it is always harping on the same string. Voilà bien une autre —; that is another story altogether. —s que tout cela! all idle stories! —s! humbug, stuff!

chansonner, v.a., (b.s.) to lampoon.

chansonnette, n.f., little song, ditty.

chansonneur, n.m., lampooner.

chansonnier, n.m., ballad-writer; song-book.

chansonnière, n.f., song-writer (woman).

chant, n.m., singing, strain, song; air; lay, ditty, melody; chant, hymn, book. Plain —; plain chant, canto fermo. Le — du coq; the crowing of the cock. — funèbre; dirge.

chantable, adj., fit to be sung, worth singing.

chantage, n.m., extortion of hush money; blackmailing.

chantant, -e, adj., tunable, easily sung, easily set to music; musical, harmonious.

chanteau, n.m., hunch of bread; bit of stuff.

chantepleure (shant-pleur), n.f., funnel with a rose; gully-hole.

chantepleurer, v.a., to tread (grapes).

chanter, v.n., to sing, to chant; to chirp, to warble, to crow; (fam.) to say too much. Ce criminel a chanté à la question; (fam.) that prisoner let the cat out of the bag. — juste, agréablement, passablement; to sing true, agreeably, tolerably. — faux; to sing out of tune. — à livre ouvert; to sing at sight. C’est comme si vous chantiez; it is as if you were talking to the wind. L’alouette chante; the lark carols. Le coq chante; the cock crows. La cigale chante; the grasshopper chirps. — sur tous les tons; to ring the changes on. Tel chante qui ne rit pas; the heart may be sad though the face be gay. Je lui ai chanté sa gamme; I lectured him finely. — à faire pitié; to sing wretchedly.

chanter, v.a., to sing, to chant; to extol, to praise; to celebrate; to warble; to talk, to tell, stuff. — victoire; to cry victory, to crow over a victory. Que me chantez-vous là? what stuff are you telling me now? Se —; to be sung.

chanterelle (shān-trél), n.f., first string of a violin, &c.; decoy-bird; musical-bottle.

chanteu-r, -se, adj., singing (of birds).

chanteur, n.m., singer, vocalist; songster (of birds). — des rues; ballad-singer; extortioner.

chanteuse, n.f., singer, street-singer, vocalist.

chantier (-tié), n.m., timber-yard, wood-yard; stone-yard; dock-yard; stand, block, stocks; shop, shed. L’ouvrage est sur le —; the work is begun or in hand.

*chantignole, n.f., (carp.) wooden block; bracket.

chantonner, a.n., to hum, to hum a tune.

☉chantonnerie (to-n-rî), n.f., humming, drawling.

chantournage, n.m., cutting in profile.

chantourné, n.m., head-piece of a bedstead.

chantourner, v.a., to cut in profile.

chantre, n.m., singer, chorister, chanter; precentor, lay-clerk; songster, songstress (of birds). Les —s des bois; the feathered songsters.

chantrerie, n.f., precentorship.

chanvre, n.m., hemp.

chanvrier, n.m., hemp-dresser, dealer in hemp.

chanvrière, n.f., hemp-field.

chaos (kaô), n.m., chaos, confusion, disorder.

chaotique, adj., chaotic.

chape, n.f., cope (church garment); (arch.) cope. Disputer de la — à l’évêque; to dispute about what does not concern one.

chapeau, n.m., hat; bonnet; wreath of flowers (for a bride); (carp.) hand-piece; (bot.) cap; pileus (of a mushroom). — à grand bord; broad-brimmed hat. — à petit bord; narrow-brimmed hat. — à haute forme; tall-hat, top-hat. — d’évêque; (bot.) barrenwort. — chinois; (milit. mus.) Chinese bells. — de paille d’Italie; Leghorn hat. La carre d’un —; the crown of a hat. — à cornes; three-cornered hat. Ôter son —; to take off one’s hat. — bas; hat in hand. —x bas! hats off. — de paille; straw hat. — de velours; velvet bonnet. Le bord, la passe, la forme d’un —; the border, the front, the shape of a hat. — de fleurs; garland of flowers. Frère —; assistant-brother (monk). Enfoncer son —; to pull one’s hat over one’s eyes; to screw up one’s courage. Il y a eu bien des —x de reste; there were many men killed. Il n’y avait pas un seul —; there wasn’t a single man there.

☉chape-chute, n.f., windfall, lucky hit.

☉chape-chuter, v.n., to make a slight noise.

chapelain (shap-lin), n.m., chaplain.

chapeler (sha-plé), v.a., to rasp (bread).

chapelet (cha-plè), n.m., chaplet, rosary, beads, bead-roll; (man., arch.) chaplet; beads (in brandy). Dire son —; to tell one’s beads. Défiler son —; to say all one has to say; to empty one’s budget. Il n’a pas gagné cela en disant son —; he did not get that for nothing.

chapeli-er, -ère, n.m.f., hatter, hat manufacturer.

chapelle, n.f., chapel; church plate, living; vault of an oven. Faire —; (nav.) to broach to, to chapel the ship. Maître de —; precentor. — ardente; lights round a coffin. Pour la petite — s’il vous plaît; please remember the grotto. Tenir —; to attend divine service in state.

chapellenie (sha-pèl-nî), n.f., chaplainship, chaplaincy.

chapellerie (sha-pèl-rî), n.f., hat-making; hat-trade.

chapelure (sha-plur), n.f., bread; raspings; grated bread.

chaperon (sha-pron), n.m., chaperon, hood; shoulder-knot; chaperon; coping of a wall; holster-cap.

chaperonner, v.a., to cope a wall; to chaperon (a young girl); to hood (a hawk).

chapier, n.m., priest with a cope, cope-maker.

chapiteau, n.m., (arch.) capital; crest; top; (of a press, mirror, &c.); head of a still; cap (of a fusee).

chapitre, n.m., chapter (of a book, of knights, of a cathedral); chapter; chapter-house; subject, matter of discourse, head. En voilà assez sur ce —; that is quite enough on that score. Avoir voix au —; to have interest at the board. Passons sur ce —; let us waive the subject.

chapitrer, v.a., to reprimand, to rebuke, to lecture any one.

chapon, n.m., capon; sop in broth; crust of bread rubbed with garlic. Le vol du —; certain extent of ground about a country-seat. Avoir les mains faites en — rôti; to have crooked fingers; to be light-fingered. Qui — mange — lui vient; money begets money.

chaponneau, n.m., (l.u.) young capon.

chaponner, v.a., to capon.

chaponnière, n.f., stew-pan (for capons).

chaque, adj., each, every. — pays a ses coutumes; every country has its customs. À — jour suffit sa peine; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof.

char, n.m., car, chariot. — funèbre; hearse. — à bancs; wagonette, jaunting car. — de triomphe; triumphal car.

charabia, n.m., gibberish, gabble.

charade, n.f., charade.

charançon, n.m., snout, beetle, weevil.

charançonné, -e, adj., (of corn) weeviled.

charbon, n.m., coal; embers; charcoal; carbuncle; (agri.) black rust; (med.) anthrax. — de bois; charcoal. — de terre; coal. Être sur les —s; to be on thorns. Mine à —; coal-mine.

charbonnage, n.m., (l.u.) coal-mining.

charbonnée, n.f., short rib of beef.

charbonner, v.a., to char; to black with coal; to besmut.

se charbonner, v.r., to be charred, to burn black, to smolder.

charbonnerie (-bo-n-rî), n.f., coal-store.

charbonneu-x, -se, adj., (med.) carbuncled.

charbonnier, n.m., charcoal-burner, coal-seller, coal-man; coal-shed, coal-hole; (ich.) coal-fish; (nav.) collier. Le — est maître chez lui or chez soi; a man’s house is his castle.

charbonnière, n.f., charcoal-kiln; coal-seller; coal-man’s wife; (orni.) titmouse.

*charbouiller, v.a., (agri.) to blight.

charbucle, n.f., (agri.) blight (in corn).

charcuter, v.a., to chop up (meat); to hack, to mangle.

charcuterie (-ku-trî), n.f., pork-butcher’s meat; pork-butcher’s business; dressed pork.

charcuti-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., (-tié, -ti-èr), pork-butcher.

chardon, n.m., thistle; spike (on a wall). — aux ânes; cotton-thistle. — à foulon; teasel. — étoilé; star-thistle.

chardonner, v.a., to teasel (cloth).

chardonneret (-do-n-rè), n.m., (orni.) gold-finch; painted-lady, butterfly.

chardonnette or cardonnette, n.f., prickly artichoke.

chardonnière, n.f., thistle-waste.

charge, n.f., load, lading, freight, pack; tax, expense; burden, clog; charge; accusation, imputation, indictment; post; place; office, employment; order, command, commission; custody, care; charge, onset; charge (of a gun); (vet., paint., jur.) charge; exaggeration, caricature. Femme de —; housekeeper. Être à — à quelqu’un; to be a burden upon any one. Cela est à ma —; I have to pay for that. Il faut prendre le bénéfice avec les —s; we must take the good with the bad. Faire une —; (milit.) to charge. Se démettre de sa —; to resign one’s place or office. On a donné trop de — à ce mur; this wall has been overloaded. Sonner la —; to sound the charge. Revenir à la —; to make a new attempt. À la — de, à la — que; upon condition that, provided that. Prendre —; to take in cargo. Rompre —; to break bulk.

chargé, -e, part., loaded, burdened; (print.) foul (of proofs). Dés —s; loaded dice; registered (of a letter). Le temps est —; the weather is overcast. — d’affaires; chargé d’affaires, envoy. — de cours; assistant-lecturer; professor; substitute.

chargeant, -e (-jān, -t), adj., clogging, heavy.

chargement, n.m., cargo, lading, freight, shipment; bill of lading; shipment.

charger, v.a., to load, to saddle, to lade, to freight, to charge; to burden, to clog, to overburthen, to encumber; to impute, to lay a thing to any one’s charge; to charge with, to command, to give a thing in charge, to trust with; to charge, to fall upon, to make an onset on; to load (a gun); to fill (pipe); to set down; to lay on; (paint.) to overcharge, to exaggerate. — un fusil; to load a gun. — toutes les voiles; to clap on all sails. — une lettre; to register a letter.

se charger, v.r., to take charge, to charge one’s self; to become overcast (of the weather); to burden one’s self, to saddle one’s self with.

charger, v.n., to load; to exaggerate, to lay it on.

chargeur, n.m., loader, ship-porter; (nav.) gunner.

☉charier. V. charrier.

chariot, n.m., wagon, cart, truck, trolley, wain. (astron.) Le grand —; Charles’ wain; Ursa Major. Le petit —; Ursa Minor.

charitable, adj., charitable.

charitablement, adv., charitably.

charité, n.f., charity, love, benevolence; alms, almsgiving. Faire la —; to give alms. Demander la —; to beg. — bien ordonnée commence par soi-même; charity begins at home. Sœur de —; sister of mercy. La —, s’il vous plaît! a penny, kind gentleman, if you please.

charivari, n.m., rough music, hubbub, clatter, noise, shindy.

charivariser, v.a., to give rough music; to kick up a row.

charivariseur, charivarieur, or charivariste, n.m., mock-musician; rioter, roysterer.

charlatan, n.m., mountebank, quack, charlatan, empiric, wheedler.

charlatane, n.f., wheedler.

charlataner, v.a., to gull, to wheedle, to cajole.

charlatanerie, n.f., quackery, charlatanery, juggling.

charlatanesque, adj., quackish.

charlatanisme, n.m., quackery, charlatanism, charlatanry.

charlemagne, n.m., (fig.) short broadsword. Faire —; to leave off a winner.

charlot, n.m., curlew. — de plage; sea-lark.

charlotte, n.f., (cook.) charlotte.

charmant, -e, adj., charming, delightful, pleasing, lovely.

charme, n.m., charm, spell, enchantment; attraction, delight; (bot.) horn-beam, yoke-elm. Cela vous va comme un —; that fits you perfectly, splendidly, to a tee. Se porter comme un —; to be in perfect health. Sous le —; under the spell.

charmer, v.a., to charm, to enchant, to bewitch, to fascinate; to captivate, to please, to delight, to beguile, to while away. Je suis charmé de vous voir; I am delighted to see you.

charmeur, n.m., (l.u.) charmer, enchanter.

charmeuse, n.f., (l.u.) bewitching woman, enchantress.

*charmille, n.f., horn-beam, yoke-elm; hedge of yoke-elm trees; bower, arbor.

charmoie, n.f., grove of hornbeam or yoke-elm trees.

charnel, -le, adj., carnal, sensual.

charnellement (-mān), adv., carnally.

charnier, n.m., charnel-house; ☉larder.

charnière, n.f., hinge, joint.

charnu, -e, adj., fleshy, plump; brawny, carneous.

charnure, n.f., flesh, skin.

*charogne, n.f., carrion; (fig.) blackguard.

charpente, n.f., timber-work, carpenter’s work; frame, frame-work. Bois de —; timber.

charpenter, v.a., to square timber; to hack, to mangle.

charpenterie (-pān-trî), n.f., carpentry; carpenter’s work, carpenter’s trade; timberwork; timber-yard (of dock-yards).

charpentier (-tié), n.m., carpenter; (whale-fishery), whale-cutter.

charpi, n.m., cooper’s block.

charpie, n.f., lint. En —; (of meat) boiled to rags.

charrée, n.f., buck-ashes; lye.

charretée (shar-tée), n.f., cart-load.

charretier (shar-tié), n.m., carman, carter, wagoner; plow-boy, plowman. Il n’y a si bon — qui ne verse; it’s a good horse that never stumbles. Jurer comme un — embourbé; to swear like a trooper.

charreti-er, -ère, adj., passable for carts, &c. Chemin —; cart-road. Voie —ère; track (space between the two wheels of a cart).

charrette, n.f., cart. — à bras; hand-cart. — à ressorts; spring-cart. Train de —; skeleton-cart. Mettre la — devant les bœufs; to put the cart before the horse. Mieux vaut être cheval que —; better lead than be led. C’est un avaleur de —s ferrées; he is a great brag.

charriage, n.m., cartage.

charrier, v.a., to cart, to bring in a cart; to drift; (med.) to be loaded with.

charrier, v.n., to drift (of ice), scud (of clouds). La rivière charrie; the river is filled with drift-ice. — droit; to behave properly; to do what is right.

charrier, n.m., bucking-cloth.

charroi, n.m., carting, wagonage.

charron, n.m., wheelwright.

charronnage, n.m., wheelwright’s work.

charroyer, v.a., to cart (heavy things).

charrue, n.f., plow. Mettre la — devant les bœufs; to put the cart before the horse. Passer la — sur; to plow. Tirer la —; to drudge, work hard.

charte, n.f., charter; policy; title-deeds. La grande —; Magna Charta.

charte-partie, n.f., (—s-—s) (com.) charter-party.

chartographe, n.m., chartographer.

chartographique, adj., chartographic.

chartographie, n.f., chartography; mapping.

☉charton or charreton, n.m., carter, coachman.

☉chartre, n.f., charter (old document).

☉chartre, n.f., prison; consumption. Tenir quelqu’un en — privée; to detain anyone illegally.

chartreuse, n.f., Carthusian convent; Carthusian nun; isolated country-house; (cook.) mixed vegetables. Liqueur —; (cordial).

chartreux, n.m., Carthusian friar, cat of a bluish gray.

chartrier, n.m., charter-house; charter-room, muniment-room; keeper of charters.

chartron, n.m. Faire or former le —; to stand in a row near the footlights.

charybde, n.m., Charybdis. Tomber de — en Scylla; to fall from the frying-pan into the fire.

chas, n.m., eye (of a needle); weaver’s starch; (tech.) plumb rule.

châsse, n.f., reliquary; shrine; frame; handle (of lancets); cheek (of a balance).

chassé, n.m., chasse, a step in dancing.

chasse, n.f., chase, hunt, hunting, chasing, pursuit; game; (mus.) chasse; play (of machinery). — à courre; coursing, hunting. — au tir; shooting. — au vol, — aux oiseaux; fowling. — aux flambeaux; bat fowling. Un garde-—; a game-keeper. Prendre — (nav.); to sheer off. Donner —; to pursue. Soutenir —; to maintain a running fight.

chasse-avant, n.m., (—) overseer, foreman.

chasse-chien, n.m., (—, or —-—s) beadle; keeper employed to drive away dogs.

chasse-coquins, n.m., (—, or —-—s) beggar-driver, beadle.

chasse-cousins, n.m., (—, or —-—s) paltry dinner, bad wine; cold shoulder, poor reception.

chasse-croisé, n.m., (—s-—s) (dancing) chasse-croisé; (fig.) a change of office or situation.

chasse-ennui, n.m., (—) an exhilarant, stimulant.

chasselas (shas-la), n.m., grapes, chasselas.

chasse-marée, n.m., (—) fish-cart; driver of a fish-cart; lugger.

chasse-mouches, n.m., (—) fly-flap; fly-net.

chasse-mulet, n.m., (—, or —-—s) miller’s man.

chasse-neige, n.m., snow-plow.

chasse-pierres, n.m., (—) (railways) guard-iron, cow-catcher; catapult.

*chasse-poignée, n.m., (—, or —-—s) cutler’s tool, driver.

chassepot, n.m., name of the rifle in use in the French army until 1871.

chasser, v.a., to hunt, to chase, to pursue; to beat (gold); to turn out, to expel; to drive, to drive forward. — un clou; to drive in a nail. — un domestique; to turn away, to discharge, a servant. Qui deux choses chasse, ni l’une ni l’autre ne prend; (prov.) between two stools one falls to the ground. — le mauvais air; to ventilate. Ne pas — deux lièvres à la fois; not to have too many irons in the fire. Un clou chasse l’autre; one idea drives away another. — la terre; (nav.) to approach, to reconnoiter, the coast.

chasser, v.n., to shoot; to hunt; to roll along easily; to drive (of clouds); (print.) to drive out. — au fusil; to shoot. — aux perdrix; to shoot partridges. — aux lions; to hunt lions. — sur son ancre; (nav.) to drag the anchor. — à courre; to hunt, to course. — au faucon; to hawk. — de race; (prov.) to be a chip of the old block. — aux blancs moineaux; to lose one’s time in running after impossibilities.

chasseresse (shas-rès), n.f., huntress.

chasse-roue, n.m., (—, or —-—s) spur-post; guard-iron.

chasseu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., hunter, sportsman; huntsman, gamekeeper; chasseur (footman); light infantry soldier; ship that chases another. —s à cheval; (milit.) light cavalry.

chassie, n.f., gum of the eye.

chassieu-x, -se, adj., blear-eyed.

châssis, n.m., (print.) chase; window-sash frame. Fenêtre à —; sash-window. — dormant; the fixed part of a window-frame. — de jardin, de couche; garden-frame; glass-frame. (motor) chassis. — presse; (phot.) printing-frame.

chassoir, n.m., cooper’s tool, driver; (tech.) drift.

chaste, adj., chaste, continent, honest, modest, pure, virtuous; (style) neat, correct, terse.

chastement, adv., chastely, honestly, purely, virtuously.

chasteté, n.f., chastity, chasteness, continence, purity.

chasuble, n.f., chasuble.

chasublier, n.m., maker of chasubles.

chat, n.m., -te, n.f., cat; darling, dear; searcher (to examine cannons); plumb-rule; (nav.) cat. Petit —; kitten. Herbe aux —s; cat’s-mint. — musqué; civet, musk-cat. — cervier; lynx. — bon aux souris; good mouser. — à neuf queues; cat-o’-nine-tails. Votre chatte est pleine; your cat is with kitten. À bon — bon rat; set a thief to catch a thief; tit for tat; diamond cut diamond. — échaudé craint l’eau froide; a burnt child dreads the fire. La nuit tous les —s sont gris; when candles are away all cats are grey. Il n’y a pas là de quoi fouetter un —; it is a mere trifle. N’éveillez pas le — qui dort; let sleeping dogs lie. Acheter — en poche; to buy a pig in a poke. Se servir de la patte du — pour tirer les marrons du feu; to make a cat’s-paw of anyone. Il n’y a pas un —; there is not a living soul there. Le — parti, les souris dansent; when the cat’s away the mice will play. Comme — sur braise; like a cat on hot bricks. Œil-de-—; calf’s snout, snapdragon. Patte-de-—; ground-ivy. Pied-de-—; cat’s-foot, ale-hoof, tune-hoof. Sabbat de —, musique de —; caterwauling. Mon petit —; (term of endearment) my dear, my darling. Appeler un — un —; to call a spade a spade, not to mince matters. Avoir un — dans la gorge; to have a phlegm in one’s throat (of singers). Nous avons d’autres —s à fouetter; we have other fish to fry. — en poche; a pig in a poke. Bailler le — par les pattes; to bell the cat. Ces gens vivent comme chien et —; these people live like cat and dog. Emporter le —; to go away without paying one’s reckoning, to take French leave.

*châtaigne, n.f., chestnut. — amère; horse-chestnut. — d’eau; water-caltrops.

*châtaigneraie, n.f., chestnut grove.

*châtaignier, n.m., chestnut-tree or wood.

châtain, adj., chestnut, nut-brown, auburn. — clair; light auburn.

chataire, n.f. V. cataire.

château, n.m., castle, fort, citadel; country-seat, mansion, palace. — fort; fortress. — seigneurial; baronial-hall. Faire des —x en Espagne; to build castles in the air. — de carte; house of cards. — d’eau; water-works, artificial fountain.

châteaubriand, n.m., fillet-steak.

châtelain (shâ-tlin), n.m., -e, n.f. and adj., lord, lady, of a manor, squire.

châtelé, -e, adj., (her.) turreted.

☉châtelet (sha-tlè), n.m., small castle; a former prison or law-courts at Paris.

☉châtellenie, n.f., castellany, castle-ward.

☉chatepeleuse, n.f., curculio, weevil.

chat-huant (sha-uān), n.m., (—s-—s) owl, screech-owl, horn-owl.

châtiable, adj., chastisable, punishable.

châtier (-tié), v.a., to chastise, to correct, to punish, to scourge, to flog; (c.rel.) to chasten. Qui aime bien, châtie bien; spare the rod and spoil the child. — une pièce de vers; to polish a piece of poetry.

chatière (-ti-èr), n.f., cat’s hole; cat-trap.

châtiment, n.m., chastisement, correction, punishment, castigation; (c.rel.) chastening.

chatoiement or chatoîment, n.m., chatoyment, sparkling, glistening, play of colors.

chaton, n.m., kitten; bezel (of a ring); outward husk or cup of the nut; (bot.) catkin; case of a watch.

*chatouillement, n.m., tickling; titillation.

*chatouiller, v.a., to tickle, to titillate; to please, to gratify; to flatter; to touch a horse lightly with the spur.

se chatouiller, v.r., to tickle oneself; to excite oneself (to gayety, good humor).

*chatouilleu-x, -se, adj., ticklish, delicate, nice; touchy.

chatoyant, -e, adj., chatoyant, shot, glistening (of colors).

chatoyer, v.n., to be chatoyant, to glisten; to play (of colors); (of style) to be florid.

chat-pard, n.m., (—s-—s) mountain-cat.

châtré, n.m., eunuch. Voix de —; shrill voice.

châtré, -e, adj., emasculate, castrated.

châtrer, v.a., to castrate; to expurgate; to take away the honey and wax from a bee-hive; to lop, prune; (fig.) to mutilate, to curtail, to retrench; (vet.) to geld. — une truie; to spay a sow. — des cotrets; to take sticks from fagots of wood. — les tiges de tabac; to top tobacco-plants.

se châtrer, v.r., to castrate oneself; to be mutilated (of books, plays, &c.).

châtreur, n.m., gelder.

châtrure, n.f., castrating; gelding.

chatte, n.f., she-cat. V. chat.

chattée, n.f., litter of kittens.

chattemite, n.f., demure-looking person; hypocrite, dissembler.

chatter, v.n., to kitten.

chatterie, n.f., playfulness; hypocritical caress; daintiness; pretty or coaxing way.

chaud, -e, adj., hot, warm, burning, glowing; ardent; fervent, fervid, fierce; zealous, eager; coaxing, hasty, hot-headed, passionate; proud (of animals). Fièvre —e; violent fever. Pleurer à —es larmes; to cry bitterly. Tomber de fièvre en — mal; to fall out of the frying-pan into the fire. Faire —; to be warm (of weather). Avoir la tête —e; to be passionate. Tout —; quite hot. Il faut battre le fer pendant qu’il est —; (prov.) strike while the iron is hot; make hay while the sun shines. Cet ouvrage est tout —; this work is quite new. Ne trouver rien de trop — ni de trop froid; to wish to have everything. La donner bien —e; to excite unnecessarily great alarm. Être — de vin; (fam.) to be a little sprung. L’action fut —e; (milit.) the engagement was a warm one. Manger —, boire —; to eat, drink, warm things.

chaud, n.m., heat, warmth. Il fait —; it is hot. Il fait grand —; it is very hot. Avoir —; to be hot. Souffrir le — et le froid; to endure heat and cold. Cela ne fait ni — ni froid; that is immaterial, of no importance; that is neither here nor there. Souffler le — et le froid; to blow hot and cold in the same breath. Cela ne lui fait ni — ni froid; that is quite indifferent to him.

chaud, adv., hot, warm.

chaude, n.f., (metal.) heating. Battre la —; to beat whilst the metal is hot. À la —; in the first heat of passion, on the spur of the moment.

☉chaudeau, n.m., caudle; egg-flip.

chaudelait, n.m., batter-pudding.

chaudement (shôd-mān), adv., warmly, briskly, quickly, eagerly, fiercely, hotly.

chaud-froid, n.m., fancy dish (eaten cold).

chaudier, v.n., (hunt.) (of bitches) to be proud; to couple.

chaudière, n.f., copper, large kettle; boiler (of a steam-engine).

chaudret or chauderet, n.m., (gold-beating) mould of about one thousand leaves.

chaudron, n.m., large kettle, boiler, caldron.

chaudronnée, n.f., caldronful, kettleful.

chaudronnerie, n.f., coppersmith’s trade, copper wares, brazier’s wares.

chaudronni-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., brazier, coppersmith. — de campagne; tinker.

chauffage, n.m., fuel, firewood, firing; right of cutting firewood; (nav.) breaming.

chauffe, n.f., (metal.) furnace.

chauffe-assiettes, n.m., (—) plate-warmer.

chauffe-chemise, n.m., (—, or —-—s) or chauffe-linge, n.m., (—) clothes-horse, linen-warmer.

chauffe-cire, n.m., (—) (pers.) chafe-wax.

chauffe-lit, n.m., (—, or —-—s) bed-warmer.

chauffe-pieds, n.m., (—) foot-warmer.

chauffer, v.a., to heat, to warm; to excite. — un vaisseau; (nav.) to bream a ship. — un poste; (milit.) to keep up a sharp fire on a post. — quelqu’un; to pay any one off.

se chauffer, v.r., to warm one’s self. Ne pas se — du même bois; not to be of the same way of thinking. Savoir de quel bois on se chauffe; to know what stuff anyone is made of.

chauffer, v.n., to be heating, to grow hot; to be brewing; to be urgent, pressing; (of a steam engine) to get up steam. Ce n’est pas pour vous que le four chauffe; there is nothing for you.

chaufferette (shô-frèt), n.f., foot-warmer (in the house); chafing-dish.

chaufferie, n.f., chafery, stoke-hole.

chauffeur, n.m., fireman, stoker, chauffeur; bellows-blower; (fig.) braggart, humbug.

chauffoir, n.m., warming-place; warm cloth; heater.

chauffure, n.f., flaw (in iron or steel).

chaufour, n.m., lime-kiln.

chaufournier, n.m., lime-burner.

chaulage, n.m., (agri.) liming.

chauler, v.a., to lime; to steep wheat in lime-water previous to sowing it.

chaulier, n.m., lime-burner.

chaumage, n.m., stubble-cutting; time at which stubble is cut.

chaume, n.m., stubble; stubble-field; thatch; (bot.) culm, haulm. Être né sous le —; to be born in a cottage. Couvreur en —; thatcher. Couvrir de —; to thatch. Plein de —; stubbly.

chaumer, v.a. and n., to cut stubble.

chaumière, n.f., thatched house, cottage, cot.

chaumine, n.f., small cottage, hut.

chaussant, -e, adj., (l.u.) easy to put on, fitting (leg or foot).

chausse, n.f., stocking, hose; shoulder-knot; straining-bag, filter. — d’aisances; waste-pipe of a water-closet.

chaussé, -e, part., shod. Bien —; well-shod, nicely booted. Ils sont chaussés au même point; they get on capitally.

chaussée, n.f., causeway; bank, highway. Au rez de —; level with the ground. J’habite le rez-de-chaussée; I live on the ground-floor.

chausse-pied, n.m., (—-—s) shoe-horn; (fig.) help, assistance.

chausser, v.a., to put on (shoes, boots, stockings); to make shoes; to get firmly fixed into one’s head; to suit; (man.) to put one’s feet too far forward in the stirrups. — le cothurne; to put on the buskin, go on the tragic stage; to write in an inflated style. — le brodequin; to put on the sock, go on the comic stage; to compose, to act comedy. Les cordonniers sont les plus mal chaussés; nobody is worse shod than the shoemaker’s wife. — des arbres; to earth up trees. — une opinion; to be wedded to an opinion. Cet homme n’est pas aisé à chausser; (fam. and fig.) that man is not easily persuaded.

se chausser, v.r., to put on one’s shoes, boots, stockings; to become strongly wedded to an opinion.

chausser, v.n., to make boots or shoes, to wear shoes. Ils chaussent au même point; they wear shoes of the same size; (fig.) they are of the same stamp.

chausses, n.f.pl., breeches, small-clothes, trowsers. — à tuyaux d’orgue; trunk hose. Ne pas avoir de —; to be very poor. Avoir la clef de ses —; to be one’s own master. Laisser ses — quelque part; to leave one’s bones somewhere, to die. Tirer ses —; to scamper away. Elle porte les —; she wears the breeches.

chaussetier (shôs-tié), n.m., hosier.

chausse-trape, n.f., (—-—s) (milit.) caltrop; snare, trap; (bot.) star-thistle.

chaussette, n.f., sock; under-stocking; anklet.

chausson, n.m., sock; under-stocking; pump; light shoe (worn when playing rackets, or when fencing); list-shoe; puff-paste; fruit-tart.

chaussure, n.f., foot-gear, shoes, slippers, boots, pumps. Il a trouvé — à son pied; he has found what he wanted; he has met with his match.

chauve, adj., bald, baldpated.

chauve-souris, n.f., (—s-—) bat, flitter-mouse.

☉chauveté (shôv-té), n.f., baldness, calvity.

chauvinisme, n.m., Chauvinism.

chauvir, v.n., to prick up the ears (of horses, asses, mules).

chaux, n.f., lime; limestone; (chem.) calx, lime. — éteinte; slaked lime. — vive; quicklime. Pierre à —; limestone. Donner un blanc de —; (mas.) to give a coat of whitewash. Être fait à — et à ciment, or à — et à mortier; to be well and solidly done.

chavirement, n.m., capsizing, upsetting.

chavirer, v.n., to capsize, to upset.

chavirer, v.a., to turn upside down; to turn inside out.

chebec, n.m., (nav.) xebec.

chef, n.m., chief, head, commander, conductor, master, principal, ringleader, foreman (of a jury); fag-end (of a piece of linen); (nav.) end of a cable; (med.) tail of a bandage. En —; in chief. — de bureau; senior clerk. — de cabinet; head of a department. — d’état-major; chief of the staff. — d’état major-général; quarter-master-general. — de musique; band-master. — d’orchestre; musical-director. — de parti; party-leader. — de pièce; captain of a gun. — de rayon; (com.) head of a department. — de train; railway guard. — de famille; head of a house. — de cuisine; master-cook. — d’accusation; count of indictment, charge. Faire quelque chose de son —; to do a thing on one’s own responsibility. De son —; in one’s own right.

chef-d’œuvre (shè-deuvr), n.m., (—s-—) trial piece; master-piece; master-stroke.

☉chefecier. V. chevecier.

chef-lieu, n.m., (—s-—x) chief residence; head-quarters, chief town; county-town.

chégros, n.m., shoemaker’s thread or end, cobbler’s-ends, wax end.

cheik or scheik, n.m., sheik.

chéiroptère (ké-). V. chiroptère.

chélidoine (ké-), n.f., (bot.) celandine, swallow-wort.

chélone (ké-), n.f., (bot.) chelone, snake-head, shell-flower.

chélonée (ké-), n.f., sea-tortoise.

chélonite (ké-), n.f., chelonite.

☉se chêmer, v.r., to fall away, to waste, to pine.

chemin, n.m., way, road, path, track; means; course; (nav.) way; (railways) line, road. Grand —; highway, high-road. Voleur de grands —s; highwayman. — passant; much frequented thoroughfare. —s vicinaux, communaux; village, parochial roads. — de traverse; cross-road. — détourné; out of the way road. — de fer; railway, railroad. — de fer à rail plat; tramroad. — de service; (railways) attendant path. Embranchement de — de fer; branch railway. Le — de l’hôpital; the way to the work-house. — couvert; (fort.) covered way, corridor. — de halage; towing-path. À mi-—; half-way. — faisant; on the way. — de velours; the primrose path. Le — des écoliers; the longest way. Se mettre en —; to begin a journey. Rebrousser —; to go back. Être toujours par voie et par —; to be always gadding about. Aller toujours son —; to pursue one’s point. Aller son petit bonhomme de —; to jog along quietly. Passez votre —; go your way. Tout — mène à Rome; there are more ways to heaven than one. Ce jeune homme fera son —; this young man will make his way. N’y pas aller par quatre —s; not to beat about the bush. Qui trop se hâte, reste en —; slow and sure wins the race. — de Saint-Jacques; (astron.) milky-way. Faire voir du —; to give trouble.

chemineau, n.m., portable stove; tramp.

cheminée, n.f., chimney; fire-place; mantel-shelf; nipple (of a percussion gun). Tuyau de —; chimney-flue. Ramoneur de —; chimney-sweep. Corps de —; chimney-stack. Sous le manteau de la —; secretly (sub rosâ). Il faut faire une croix à la —; we must chalk that up. Se chauffer à la — du roi René; to warm one’s self in the sun.

cheminement, n.m., (milit.) approach, progress (of siege operations).

cheminer, v.n., to walk, to go; to proceed leisurely; to be well connected (of things). Ce poème chemine bien; the various parts of this poem are well connected.

chemise, n.f., shirt, shift, chemise; (fort., mas.) chemise; coat (of a mold); wrapper, cover, envelope; case. — blanche; clean shirt. — de nuit; night-gown; night-shirt. — de mailles; coat of mail. Vendre jusqu’à sa —; to sell the shirt off one’s back. Passer une —; to put on a shirt. La peau est plus proche que la —; near is my shirt, but nearer is my skin. En manches de —; in shirt-sleeves. Le temps de mettre une —; just time to dress.

chemiser, v.a., to coat.

chemiserie, n.f., shirt-warehouse; shirt-making; shirts.

chemisette, n.f., light under-waistcoat; shirt-front; dicky; chemisette. Corps de —; habit-shirt.

chemisi-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., shirt-maker.

chênaie, n.f., oak-plantation.

chenal, n.m., channel, watercourse (of harbors, &c.); (geog.) track; gutter (of roofs).

chenaler, v.n., (nav.) to sail through a channel.

chenapan, n.m., (pop.) vagabond, good for nothing wretch, scamp, blackguard.

chêne, n.m., (bot.) oak. De —; oaken. — vert; evergreen-oak. — liège; cork-tree.

chêneau, n.m., young oak.

chéneau, n.m., gutter (of roofs).

chenet, n.m., andiron, fire-dog.

chênette, n.f., (bot.) germander. — amère; wall germander.

chènevière, n.f., hemp-field.

chènevis (shèn-vi), n.m., hemp-seed.

chènevotte, n.f., boon, stalk (of hemp).

chènevotter, v.n., (agri.) to shoot weak wood.

chenil (-ni), n.m., dog-kennel; dirty hovel; kennel of hounds.

*chenille, n.f., caterpillar, worm; kind of silk cord; kind of dressing-gown; evil doer; bore (troublesome person). — velue; hairy caterpillar. — rase; naked caterpillar. Laid comme une —; as ugly as a toad.

*chenillette, n.f., (bot.) caterpillar.

chénopode (ké-), n.m., (bot.) all-good.

chenu, -e, adj., hoary, hoar-back; gray-headed.

cheptel (shĕ-tèl), n.m., (jur.) lease of cattle; cattle leased out.

chèque, n.m., check; cheque. — barré; crossed cheque.

ch-er, -ère, adj., dear, beloved; dear, costly, expensive. Rendre —; to endear. Il fait — vivre à Paris; living is dear in Paris.

cher, adv., dear, dearly. Acheté, payé —; dear bought. Je le lui ferai payer plus — qu’au marché; I will make him pay dearly for it. Faire payer trop —; to ask too much for.

chᵉʳ., ab. for Chevalier.

chercher, v.a., to seek, to look for, to search, to be in quest of; to endeavor, to cast about for, to attempt, to try to find. Que cherchez-vous? what are you looking for? Aller —; to go and bring, to go and fetch, to go for. Je viendrai vous —; I will come for you. Envoyer —; to send for. Il est allé — son cheval; he has gone to fetch his horse. Allez me — la lettre; go and bring me the letter. — noise, — querelle à; to pick a quarrel with. — quelqu’un par mer et par terre; to look for any one high and low. — des yeux; to look for. — midi à quatorze heures; to seek for difficulties where there are none; (prov.) to look for a knot in a bulrush. Le bien cherche le bien; money begets money; money flies to money; deep calls to deep.

chercheu-r, n.m., -se, n.f., seeker, searcher, inquirer. — de franches lippées; spunger.

chère, n.f., cheer, entertainment, fare; reception. Bonne —; junketing. Homme de bonne —; a man who likes good living. Faire bonne —; to live well. Faire maigre —; to live poorly. Ne savoir quelle — faire à quelqu’un; not to know how to welcome any one enough. Il n’est — que d’appétit; hunger is the best sauce. Il n’est — que de vilain; there is nothing like a miser’s feast. Faire — de prince à quelqu’un; treat any one sumptuously.

chèrement, adv., dearly, tenderly; dear, at a high price.

chéri, -e, part., beloved, cherished.

chérif, n.m., (—s) cherif (Arabian prince).

chérir, v.a., to love dearly, to cherish; to hug.

chérissable, adj., deserving, worthy of love.

cherté, n.f., dearness, high price, dearth.

chérubin, n.m., cherub.

chervis, n.m., (bot.) skirret.

chéti-f, -ve, adj., lean, thin, pitiful, piteous, puny; sorry, bad, mean, wretched.

chétivement (-tiv-mān), adv., meanly, pitifully, sorrily, poorly, penuriously; feebly.

cheulard, n.m., lout, gaby.

cheval, n.m., horse, nag; horse-flesh; (astron.) horse. — de frise; cheval de frise. — fondu; saddle my nag (game). — marin; sea-horse. — de rivière; river-horse. Fer à —; horse-shoe. — gris pommelé, truité, aubère, rouan, poil de souris, isabelle, soupe au lait; dapple-gray, trout-colored, fleabitten-gray, roan, mouse-colored, light dun, cream-colored, horse. Petit —; nag, pony. — de parade, de bataille; prancer, charger. — de selle, de chasse, de trait; saddle-horse, hunter, draught-horse. — de brancard, de main, à deux mains; shaft-horse, led-horse, saddle and shaft-horse. — de bât; pack-horse; lout, booby. — de course, d’amble; race-horse, nag. — de Barbarie or Barbe; barb. — entier; — hongre; entire horse, stone-horse; gelding. — à bascule; rocking-horse. — simulé; (fowling) stalking-horse. — de bois; (milit.) horse (for punishment). — de charrue, de labour; plow-horse. — de conduite; led horse. — de gauche; near-side horse. — sous la main; off-side horse. — de louage; horse for hire, livery horse. — à une main; horse for riding or driving only. — à deux mains, à deux fins, à toutes mains; horse for riding and driving. — de race, de pur sang; blood-horse. — au vert; grass-horse. — qui a beaucoup d’action; high stepper. Chevaux de frise; (milit.) chevaux de frise. Case, wagon, pour les chevaux; horse-box. Chair de —; horse-flesh. L’art de monter à —; horsemanship. Aller à —; to ride. À —! to horse! Être à —; to be on horseback. Être à — sur un bâton; to ride a stick. Il est le — de bât; he is the drudge. Travail de —; hard work. Brider son — par la queue; to begin at the wrong end. Parler à —; to speak magisterially, severely. Être mal à —; to be in a quandary. Monter sur ses grands chevaux; to ride the high horse. À — donné il ne faut point regarder à la bride; one must not look a gift horse in the mouth. Il n’est si bon — qui ne bronche; ’tis a good horse that never stumbles. Huile de —; horse-grease. Être à — sur l’étiquette; to be a stickler for etiquette. Changer son — borgne contre un aveugle; to make a bad bargain; to change for the worse. L’œil du maître engraisse le —; matters prosper under the master’s eye.

chevalement, n.m., (arch.) prop, stay, shore.

chevaler, v.a., to prop, to shore up.

chevaler, v.n., to run about, to run up and down.

chevaleresque, adj., chivalrous, knightly.

chevalerie, n.f., knighthood, chivalry. — errante; knight-errantry.

chevalet, n.m., wooden horse (instrument of torture); bridge (of a stringed instrument); easel; the gallows of a printing-press; horse for scraping hides on; sawing-trestle or horse; buttress, prop, shore; clothes-horse; cross-beam (of a dormer window); pyrotechnist’s horse or rack; (nav.) roller (to pass the cables from one place to another). Tableau de —; (paint.) easel-piece.

chevalier, n.m., knight; cavalier; knight (at chess); (orni.) sandpiper. Armer quelqu’un —; to dub any one a knight. — d’honneur; the first gentleman-usher to the queen. Le — du guet; formerly the captain of the night watch at Paris. — de l’arquebuse; one of the artillery-company. — errant; knight-errant. — d’industrie; one that lives by his wits, sharper, swindler. — de la coupe; tavern-knight. Se faire le — de quelqu’un; to stand up for any one. — de Saint-Louis; knight of St. Louis. — de la légion d’honneur; knight of the legion of honor. — rouge; (orni.) red-shank.

chevalière, n.f., knight’s lady; signet-ring.

chevaline, adj., equine, of horses.

chevalis, n.m., passage, canal (cut in the bed of a river).

☉chevance, n.f., goods and chattels, substance.

chevane, n.f., (pisc.) chub, cheven.

chevauchage, n.m., (print.) riding.

chevauchant, -e, adj., (bot.) equitant.

chevauchée, n.f., circuit, progress; riding.

chevauchement (-vôsh-mān), n.m., (of bones) overlapping.

chevaucher, v.n., to ride, to be astride; (nav.) to ride, to cross; (carp.) to overlap; (print. and surg.) to ride.

chevaucher, v.a. — le vent; to beat up against the wind.

chevaucheur, n.m., rider, horseman.

☉à chevauchons, adv., astraddle.

chevau-léger, n.m., light-horseman. —-—s; light cavalry.

chevêche, n.f., white owl, owlet, church owl.

chevecier, n.m., dean (of certain chapters).

chevelé, -e, adj., (her.) (of the hair) crined.

cheveline (shĕv-), n.f., coral club-top.

chevelu, -e, (shĕve-), adj., long-haired, hairy; (bot.) fibrous; (of literature) romantic. Comète —e; haired comet. Cuir —; scalp.

chevelu, n.m., (bot.) chevelure; beard of the root.

chevelure (shĕv-), n.f., hair, head of hair; scalp. La — de Bérénice; (constellation) Berenice’s hair (Coma Berenices).

chever, v.a., (gold.) to hollow out.

chevet, n.m., pillow; bolster; the head (of a bed); bedside; (nav.) cushion, bag. Droit de —; sort of fee or present. Le — d’une église; apsis of a church. Trouver quelque chose sous son —; to dream of anything. C’est son épée de —; he is his trusty councilor.

chevêtre, n.m., halter; (carp.) binding-joist; (surg.) bandage to support the lower jaw.

cheveu, n.m., hair. Les —x; the hair of the head. —x de Vénus; (bot.) maiden-hair. Tresse de —x; plait of hair. —x roux; sandy hair. —x d’ébène; raven locks. —x épars; disheveled locks. —x postiches; false hair. Je désire me faire couper les —x; I want to have my hair cut. Raser les —x; to shave the head. Se prendre aux —x; to take one another by the hair. Cela fait dresser les —x sur la tête; that makes one’s hair stand on end. Prendre l’occasion aux —x; to take time by the forelock. En —x; bare-headed (wearing nothing on one’s head). Tiré par les —x; far-fetched.

*chevillage, n.m., pegging, bolting.

chevillard, n.m., carcass-butcher, meat-salesman.

*cheville, n.f., peg, pin; bolt; plug; botch, stop-gap; (poet.) line or word of necessity; (nav.) iron bolt; branch (of a deer’s head). Trouver à chaque trou une —; to find a peg for every hole. — ouvrière; pole-bolt of a coach; principal agent, mainspring of a party, of an affair. La — du pied; the ankle-bone. — à goujon; common bolt. — à goupille; forelock bolt. — à bouche et à croc; bolt with ring and hook. — à tête de diamant; square-headed bolt. — à pointe perdue; short drove-bolt. — d’affût; gun-carriage bolt. — à cosse; fender-bolt. Vous ne lui allez pas à la —; you are a pigmy compared with him; no match for him. À la —; by the carcass, or half carcass.

*chevillé, -e, adj., (her.) branched.

*cheviller, v.a., to peg or pin, to fasten with a peg; (dy.) to wring. Des vers chevillés; botched verses. Il a l’âme chevillée dans le corps; he has nine lives.

*chevillette, n.f., key or peg (of a book-binder’s sewing press).

*chevillon, n.m., turner’s peg.

*chevillot, n.m., (nav.) toggle, belaying-pin.

*chevillure, n.f., branches of a deer’s head.

chèvre, n.f., she-goat, nanny-goat; (mec.) crab, gin; crane; (astron.) capella. Enter en pied de —; to graft slopeways. Barbe-de-—; (bot.) jew’s beard. — à musc; musk goat, Thibet musk. Avoir la —, prendre la —; to take offense. Ménager la — et le chou; to run with the hare and hold with the hounds. Où la — est attachée il faut qu’elle broute; one must bow to circumstances.

chevreau, n.m., kid; kid (skin).

*chèvrefouille, n.m., honeysuckle. — des bois; woodbine.

chèvre-pied or chèvre-pieds, adj., (of satyrs) goat-footed.

chevrette, n.f., roe, doe; shrimp, prawn; syrup-pot; little andiron or fire dog.

*chevreuil, n.m., roebuck, roe-deer; venison.

chevri-er, n.m., -ère, n.f., goat-herd.

*chevrillard, n.m., young roebuck.

chevron, n.m., rafter; stripe (on a soldier’s sleeve); (nav.) scantling, long wedge; (her.) chevron. — de long pan; long rafter. —s de croupe; hips. —s cintrés; arched rafters. —s de remplage; joists. Mettre les —s à la batterie; to apply the wedges to the trucks.

chevronné, -e, adj., (her.) chevroned.

☉chevrotage, n.m., goat-fee.

chevrotain, n.m., chevrotain.

chevrotant, -e, adj., quivering, tremulous.

chevrotement (-mān), n.m., tremulous motion, trembling, quivering of the voice.