VOCABULARIO

a to, at abajo under, below; calle--down the street abandonar to leave, desert el abandono indifference, carelessness la abeja bee abierto,-a open, clear abnegado,-a abnegated, self-sacrificing abrasado,-a scorched abril m. April abrir to open absorto,-a amazed, absorbed in thought absurdo,-a absurd, nonsensical la abubilla hoopoe (a bird with a beautiful crest) aburrido,-a weary, languid aburrir to tire, weary; ----se to become weary acabar to finish, end; ---- de to have just acampar to encamp acariciar to caress, fondle la acción action, gesture acechar to pry; ---- de reojo to watch from the corners of the eyes el aceite oil aceitoso,-a oily, greasy la acera sidewalk acerca about acercarse to approach, come near to el acero steel acompañar to accompany acordarse (ue) (de) to remember, recall acostar (ue) to lay down, put to bed; ----se to go to bed acostumbrado,-a accustomed, ordinary acuoso,-a watery, liquid achicharrar to overheat adelantar to advance; put forward; ----se to come forward además moreover, besides; ---- de besides adentro within, inside; tierra ---- inland el adjetivo adjective la admiración admiration, wonder el admirador admirer la adolescencia youth, adolescence adolescente young adormilarse to doze adornar to ornament, embellish adulador,-a coaxing; m. and f. soother adular to flatter, soothe adverbial adverbial el adverbio adverb afable kind, agreeable afanoso,-a laborious, industrious afilado,-a sharp, keen afilar to grind, render keen; to grow thin afirmativamente affirmatively afirmativo,-a affirmative afuera abroad, out-of-doors; las ----s isolation, remoteness agarrar to grasp firmly; ----se to become fastened agigantado,-a gigantic, enormous ágil nimble, light agradecido,-a grateful, thankful agrio,-a sour, sharp el agua f. water aguantar endure, stand, suffer; ---- ancas stand being ridden double el aguardiente brandy agudo,-a sharp, shrill, brisk ahí there, in that place ahora now ahorrar to save, spare ahuecar to make hollow el aire air, atmosphere aislar to isolate el ala f. wing alabastrino,-a alabastrine, like alabaster el alacrán scorpion el alarde boast, display el alba f. dawn, daybreak albo,-a white alborotar to disturb, excite el alboroto disturbance, hubbub el alborozo joy, merriment el alcance following or overtaking (a person); a su ---- within her reach la alcancía money box alcanzar to follow, overtake la alcoba bedroom alegre merry, joyous alegremente merrily, happily la alegría merriment, joy alejarse to go, far away alerta adv. carefully, vigilantly alerto,-a alert, vigilant el alfiler pin algo something, anything; adv. somewhat el algodón cotton, cotton plant alguien somebody, some one algún, alguno some, any; pl. some, any, a few la alita dim. of ala el alivio comfort, solace el aljibe cistern, reservoir (of water) el alma f. soul; staff la almagra (usual form almagre) red ochre, red earth almenado,-a embattled; furnished with teeth Almendral a local name, probably of a farm near Moguer el almendro almond tree el almirante admiral (here the name of a horse) el almirez brass mortar (for kitchen use), basin alrededor around, round about; a su ---- around him altivo,-a proud, haughty, insolent, loud alto,-a high, tall; en voz ----a aloud el alumno pupil alzar to raise, lift up allá there allí there amable amiable, pleasing, kind amanecer to dawn, be evident at dawn; al ---- at dawn amanerado,-a affected amar to love amarillento,-a yellowish, golden amarillo,-a yellow el ámbar amber, amber color la ambición ambition ambos,-as both amedrentar to frighten, discourage el amigo friend la amiga friend la amistad friendship; trabar ---- con make the acquaintance of el amo master, owner el amor love amoroso,-a, loving las ancas crupper; aguantar ---- stand being ridden double ancho,-a wide, broad la Andalucía Andalusia (a regional name applied to southern Spain) andaluz,-a Andalusian las andanzas wanderings andar to walk, go (from one place to another) to travel; ¡anda! come! el ángel angel la angustia anguish, heartache el animal animal anochecer to grow dark el ansia desire, longing ansioso,-a anxious, eager ante before, in front of antes before, formerly; de before antiguo,-a old antojarse to seem el añil indigo plant, indigo blue el año year; el ---- pasado last year; hace ----s years ago apagar to extinguish; ----se to be extinguished, go out el aparato apparatus aparecer to appear el aparejo harness apartar to remove apenas scarcely, hardly; the minute el aperador farmer, wheelwright apelillado,-a moth-eaten, worm-eaten aprender to learn; ---- de memoria to commit to memory apresurarse to hasten, hurry apretar to tighten, compress, press apurarse to worry, grieve el arabesco arabesque, Arabic decoration ardiente burning, hot la arena sand aristocrático,-a aristocratic armonioso,-a harmonious, pleasing arrancar to pull out, draw out arrastrar drag, force arrebatado,-a rapid, impetuous arrebolado,-a red, rosy arriba above, up, over; upstairs; calle ---- up the street el arriero mule-driver el arrimo: al ---- de close to, cuddled against arrodillar to bend the knee; ----se to kneel down el arroyo brook el arroz rice el arrullador person who lulls to sleep la arrulladora person who lulls to sleep el arsénico arsenic el arte art el artificio artifice, artificiality el artista artist artístico,-a artistic asaetear to shoot arrows ascender to ascend, cling, mount así thus, in this manner; ---- que as soon as asimilar assimilate asmático,-a asthmatic el asno donkey el asnucho dim. of asno asomar: ----se (a) to appear at asombrar to shade; frighten, astonish el asombro fear, amazement asonantado,-a assonant (with rhyme of vowels only) el aspecto aspect, appearance; cobrar un ---- extraño to assume a strange appearance áspero,-a rough, harsh astroso,-a sordid, unkempt, slovenly asustar to frighten, terrify atascar to stick in the mud aterido,-a stiff with cold atezado,-a dark el atolladero deep, miry place atrás backward, back atravesar to place across atreverse (a) to dare aún yet, still aunque although, even if áureo,-a golden la aureola aureole, halo la aurora dawn el autor author ¡ay! alas! la ayuda help, assistance ayudar to help, assist el azabache jet la azotea flat roof (of a house) azul blue

bajar to descend, go down, take down bajo,-a low; adv. underneath; prep. under balar to bleat el balazo shot; wound (from a ball) el balcón balcony, open gallery el balido bleating la banda band la bandada flock (of birds) la bandera flag, banner la banderita dim. of bandera bañar to bathe la barba beard; ---- nazarena Christlike beard el barco boat la barriga abdomen, stomach la barriguilla dim. of barriga basado,-a (sobre) based (on) bastardilla adj. and n.f. italic type; en letra ---- in italics beber to drink Bécquer, Gustavo Adolfo (1836-1870) Spanish poet famous for his "Rimas" la belleza beauty bello,-a beautiful el beso kiss la bestia animal el bien good bien well, very; estar ---- to be proper el billete ticket, bank note, bill el blanco whiteness blanco,-a white blandamente softly, gently blando,-a soft, mild, gentle la blandura softness, gentleness la blusa blouse la boca mouth el bocado bit (of a bridle) la bocaza aug. of boca la bodega store room, warehouse el bolsillo pocket, purse el bollo small loaf, roll bonito,-a pretty el bordado embroidery bordar to embroider borrar to erase, efface el borrico donkey el borricuelo dim. of borrico el borriquillo dim. of borrico el borriquito dim. of borrico la bota boot el bote small boat la brama bellowing or lowing (of cattle) el brazo arm breve brief, small brillante brilliant, bright brincar to leap, jump la brisa breeze el brocal curbing (of a well) la broma joke, jest el bromuro bromide la bruja witch bruñido,-a polished, burnished, brilliant bruscamente abruptly brusco,-a rude, sudden el bruto brute, beast el brutote aug. of bruto bueno,-a good, well, in good health; well and good bullanguero,-a noisy, boisterous el burro donkey la busca search; a la ---- in search la butaca armchair

la cabalgadura mount cabalgar to ride on horseback el caballo horse el cabello hair el cabestro halter la cabeza head la cabezota aug. of cabeza la cabida: tener ---- to find room, find a place el cabildo municipal government la cabra goat cada each, every; ---- uno,---- a each, every one; más ---- vez more and more caer to fall, drop; ----se to fall la caja box la cajita dim. of caja el cajón box la cal lime la calavera skull el caldo broth calentito,-a dim. of caliente caliente hot, warm la calma calmness, tranquillity callar to be silent la calle street; ---- abajo down the street; ---- arriba up the street la calleja lane, narrow street la cama bed cambiar to change el cambio change el camellito dim. of camello el camello camel el camino road, path la camisa shirt la campana bell la campanilla small bell el campesino peasant la campiña countryside el campo country Campoamor, Ramón de (1817-1901) Spanish poet, philosopher and statesman el canario canary bird, song bird el canasto basket la cancela iron door, grating cándido,-a white, snowy, candid canoro,-a musical cansado,-a tired, weary cantar to sing el cantor singer la cañada glen or dale (between mountains) capaz capable el capitán captain el capote short bright-colored cloak la cara face la carabela caravel el caracol snail, spiral-shaped shell caracterizar characterize la carbonera woman or girl who sells charcoal el carbonero charcoal maker, coal man el cardo thistle la carga load, burden cargado,-a loaded, heavy la caricia caress cariñoso,-a affectionate, kind el carmín carmine el carnaval carnival (three days of festivity preceding Ash Wednesday) la carne flesh, meat la carrera race, run, running la carreta long narrow cart la carretera high road la carretilla small cart el cartero letter-carrier, postman la casa house; a ---- home el cascabel bell el cascabeleo jingling (of bells) la cascada cascade, waterfall cascado,-a broken, cracked el casco hoof la casera housekeeper casi almost el caso case, fact; en todo ---- at any rate, no hacer ---- not to mind, pay no attention castellano,-a Castilian Castilla Castile (province approximately in center of Spain) el castillo castle el catrecillo camp stool cautivo,-a captive ceder to yield cegar (ie) to grow blind celeste blue el cementerio cemetery la cena supper el cenit zenith ceñir to surround, encircle la cepa vine cerca near el cercado garden or enclosed field cercar to enclose, surround, fence cerrar (ie) to close, shut la cidra citron ciego,-a blind el cielo sky, heaven; ---- de la boca roof of the mouth el ciprés cypress tree la ciudadela fortress civil civil; see guardia claramente clearly claro,-a clear, limpid, bright clásico,-a classic la cláusula clause clavar to nail, stick in, pierce la clavellina carnation plant (plant which bears the common pink) el clavo nail; los ----s de la puerta (in Spain, many doors have large nails as an adornment) cobijar to cover, spread over cobrar to collect; ---- un aspecto extraño to assume a strange appearance el cobre copper cocer (ue) to boil el coche carriage, coach; ---- del correo mail coach coger to grasp, seize, take la coincidencia coincidence, agreement cojear to limp cojo,-a lame el cojo cripple la coja cripple la col cabbage la colcha quilt, counterpane el colegio college, school colgar (ue) to hang up, suspend; to hover la colina hill la Colombia Colombia (a republic of South America) el color color colorado,-a ruddy, red, colored colorear to color, redden, to grow red el comedor dining room comenzar (ie) to begin, commence comer to eat la comida meal, dinner, food como like, as; ---- si as if la comparación comparison el compás pair of compasses complejo,-a complicated el complemento object completar to complete completo: por ----entirely complicado,-a complicated, intricate la composición composition, free reproduction comprar to buy comprender to understand compuesto: tiempo ---- compound tense con with la concesión concession el concierto concert; conglomeration la concordancia agreement el conde count el condicional conditional confiado,-a confident la confianza confidence, courage la congestión congestion congestionar to congest, produce la conjugación conjugation la conjunción conjunction conmover (ue) to move, affect, disturb conocer to know, be acquainted with la consagración consecration, recognition consagrarse to devote la consideración consideration considerar to consider, take into account consigo with himself constituír to constitute, form el consuelo consolation, comfort el cónsul consul contagiar to infect, affect (by example) contar (ue) to relate, tell contemplar to contemplate, watch contener contain contestar to answer, reply contra against, across contrario,-a contrary; lo contrario the opposite conveniente suitable, accordant convenir to agree, be fitting; según convenga as it is suitable, according to the sense el coñac cognac (a kind of brandy) la copa cup; branches and foliage (of a tree) la copla couplet, ballad el corazón heart; tener el ---- encogido to be down-hearted la corneta cornet, horn (musical instrument) la corona crown, wreath coronar to crown el corral yard, inclosure (for animals) el correo mail, post office correr to run; corrida de sangre covered with blood correspondiente correspondent, corresponding, suitable la corrida race; ---- de toros bull fight corrido,-a exceeding in weight or measure corriente running el corro circle (of people) cortar to cut, break open el cortejo procession la corteza crust (of bread) el cortijo farm, farm house corto,-a short, brief la corveta leap, bound la cosa thing la costa shore el costal sack, bag el costalillo dim. of costal la coz kick; dar coces to kick crear to create crecer to grow, grow up creciente growing, increasing creer to believe, think el crepúsculo, twilight el criado servant la criada servant la crin mane, horse hair el cristal crystal; window pane cristalino,-a crystalline, transparent cruzar to cross, go across; ---- se to cross each other la cuadra stable la cuadrilla procession (of bull fighters in the arena) cual(es) which; like; el, (la, lo) ----, los, las ----es, who, which, whom cual(es) quier(a) whatever; any cuan (contr. of cuanto) how, as cuando when; ¿cuándo? when? cuanto,--a all that; en ---- as soon as; ¿cuánto(s), ----a(s)? how much? how many? el cuarterón quarter, quarter of a pound el cuarto room, apartment cuatro four cuatrocientos four hundred el cubo bucket el cuento story la cuerda rope, halter el cuerno horn, spur or outgrowth (resembling a horn) el cuerpo body; see ir la cuesta hill, slope; ---- arriba up the slope el cuestionario questionnaire, series of questions el cuidado care, solicitude; ¡cuidado! be careful! y cuidado si ... my, how.... cuidar to take care of, attend to el cuido carefulness cultivar to cultivate la cultura culture, civilization el cúmulo heap, pile la cuna cradle, foundling hospital la cúpula cupola, dome el cura curate, priest Curros Enríquez a modern Galician poet who wrote in the dialect of his region cuyo whose

el chamariz blue titmouse el charret two-wheeled cart chico,-a little, small; n. m. and f. small child chillar to scream, shriek la chimenea chimney, hearth, fire place chiquillo,-a dim. of chico el chivillo dim. of chivo el chivo goat chocar (con) to strike against, hit chocarrear to joke chocarrero,-a vulgar la choza hut

dar to give, strike; ---- a to face, push; ---- coces to kick; ---- de comer to feed; ---- miedo a uno to strike fear into one; ---- pena to excite pity; cuando nos es dado when we have a chance de of, from, about, as deber to owe, ought, must debido,-a suitable, convenient débil weak, feeble decidido,-a decided, resolute decir to say, tell; es ---- that is to say; querer ---- to mean; dicho,-a aforesaid, same declinar to descend, sink, approach the end definir to define, explain la dehesa pasture ground la dejadez lassitude, indifference dejar to let, allow, leave; ---- de + inf. to stop el delantal apron delante ahead, in front; ---- de in front of delicado,-a delicate la delicia delight, comfort el delirio delirium la demanda demand demás rest, others demasiado too demostrativo,-a demonstrative dengoso,-a fastidious dentro inside, within; por ---- within derecho,-a right (opposite of left); straight el derredor circumference; al ---- de round about; en ---- round about el desahogo relief, outlet descolorido,-a discolored, pale describir to describe descubrir to discover desde from, since; ---- muy joven from early youth desdentado,-a toothless desentonado,-a out of time, discordant deseoso,-a desirous, eager deslumbrar to dazzle, glare el desmayo swoon desnudo,-a bare, uncovered despacio slowly, leisurely despacioso,-a slow, deliberate despacito dim. of despacio despecharse to fret, despair despejado,-a clear, serene, cloudless despertar (ie) to awake; ----se wake up, awaken eldesprecio disregard, contempt después afterward, then; ---- de after destrozar to destroy; waste; se destrozaba was wasting his strength desvelar to keep awake detener to detain, keep back; ----se to stop detrás behind, after el día day Diana name of a dog dicho,-a see decir dichoso,-a blessed el diente tooth el diestro bull fighter difícil difficult dilatar to dilate, swell el diminutivo diminutive el dinero money Dios God discutir to discuss, argue el disfraz mask, costume, disguise disfrazar to mask el disgusto disgust disimulado,-a dissembling disimular to pretend, dissemble dispuesto,-a ready, disposed la distinción distinction distinguir to distinguish distinto,-a different, separate divertirse (ie) to amuse oneself divino,-a divine, heavenly doblar to duplicate, make double; to bend doce twelve doliente sad el dolor pain, suffering doloroso,-a sad, sorrowful dominante dominant el domingo Sunday el don natural gift, ability, faculty don, doña Mr., Mrs. (titles applied only to baptismal names; no English equivalents) donde where; ¿dónde? where? de ---- whence; ----quiera anywhere doquiera contr. of dondequiera dorado,-a gilded, golden dormir (ue) to sleep; ----se to go to sleep dos two; los, las ---- both la duda doubt; sin ---- no doubt, doubtless dudar to doubt, hesitate el dueño master, owner la dueña owner, mistress dulce sweet, pleasing dulcemente softly, sweetly la dulzura sweetness, softness la dureza harshness, difficulty duro,-a hard, cruel el duro dollar (silver coin worth five pesetas)

¡ea! inter, used to express firmness or emphasis el eco echo echar to throw, fling, expel, emit; ----se al suelo to dismount la edad age educado,-a educated la elegancia elegance elegante elegant, graceful elevar to raise, lift up; ----se to rise embargo: sin ---- nevertheless, yet el embeleso charm, fascination embestir (i) to attack, rush against empedrar to pave empezar (ie) to begin emplear to use, employ la empresa undertaking el empuje push, pressure en in, on encalar to whitewash encantado,-a enchanted, charmed el encantamiento enchantment encantar to enchant el encanto enchantment, charm encargar to order, command encender to light, kindle, set fire to; ----se to be kindled, take fire encendido,-a inflamed, red, on fire encerrar (ie) enclose, contain encoger to contract, shorten encogido,-a contracted, shortened; tener el corazón ---- to be downhearted encontrar (ue) to meet, find, ----se to meet, encounter endulzar to sweeten, soften el enemigo enemy enfermo,-a sick enfrente opposite, in front engalanar to adorn enganchar to hitch enhestar (ie) to erect, raise; ----se rise enhiesto,-a erect, upright el enjambre swarm, crowd enmascarar to mask, disguise enorgullecerse to take pride enorme enormous, very large la enredadera vine enredar to tangle; ----se to be entangled enseñar to show el ensueño dream entender (ie) to understand enteramente entirely entero,-a entire, whole el enterrador grave digger, sexton enterrar (ie) to bury el entierro burial, grave entonadamente proudly, haughtily entonces then entornar to half close (a door or window) entrar (en), (a) to enter; form a part of, to be used entre between, among entrecortar to cut incompletely; to interrupt el entusiasmo enthusiasm envolver (ue) to wrap, surround la época epoch la era vegetable patch, field where threshing is done erguir (ie) or (i) to erect, raise up straight errar (ind. yerro; subj. yerre) to wander about, roam la esbeltez tall and elegant stature, slenderness la escalera stairway el escalofrío chill, shiver escapar to escape, run away el escarabajo scarab, common black beetle la escarcha frost esclavo,-a enslaved escoger to choose, select esconder to hide, conceal; ----se to hide oneself la escopeta gun escribir to write el escrito writing; por ---- in writing el escritorio writing desk escuchar to listen, hear esculpir to engrave, carve el esfuerzo courage, effort la esmeralda emerald eso: a ---- de about; por ---- therefore, on that account el espacio space la espada sword la espadaña cat tail la espalda back, shoulders espantar to frighten, terrify la España Spain español,-a Spaniard, Spanish la especie kind el espectáculo spectacle, show el espejo mirror la esperanza hope esperar to hope, expect, wait (for) la espina thorn, splinter el espíritu spirit el esplendor splendor, magnificence espontáneamente spontaneously la espuma froth, foam la espumela see espuma la esquina corner la estación season, station los Estados Unidos United States la estampa picture la estampilla rubber stamp, seal la estancia sitting room estar to be; ---- bien to be proper el estío summer la estopa tow, burlap estrecho,-a close la estrella star estrellado,-a bestarred estremecer to shudder estremecido,-a trembling, moved el estrépito crash, din, noise estudiar to study el éter ether eterno,-a eternal el eucalipto eucalyptus evitar to avoid, escape exaltado,-a exalted, passionate el exceso excess existir to exist explicar to explain expresar to express la expresión expression extendido,-a extensive extranjero,-a foreign extraño,-a strange, odd, queer

fácil easy la facilidad, ease, facility la falda skirt falso,-a false; puerta ----a side door la falta lack faltar to be lacking, fail; ---- algo a uno to need la fama fame la familia family el fango mire, mud la fantasía fantasy, imagination, image fantástico,-a fantastic la farola large lantern, lighthouse el fastidio weariness el fémur femur; calavera y ----es skull and cross bones fervoroso,-a fervent fiel faithful la fiesta feast, holiday la figura figure figurarse to imagine el fin end, limit; por ---- at last, finally; al ---- finally finalmente finally finamente finely, delicately fingir to pretend, imagine what does not exist fino,-a fine, excellent flaco,-a thin, frail, meagre, lean flamante flaming, bright la flauta flute la flecha arrow, dart la flor flower, blossom; en ---- in bloom florecer to blossom, bloom la florecilla dim. of flor florido,-a florid, flowery, elegant el fondo bottom, depth, content forastero,-a strange (applied to persons belonging to another town) la forma form, way formar to form, make formular to formulate, give la fosca thicket, jungle fosco,-a rough, harsh la fragancia fragrance, scent fragante fragrant francés,-a French la frase sentence, phrase la frente forehead, countenance frente in front, opposite fresco,-a fresh, cool fresquito,-a dim. of fresco frío,-a cold, chilly el frío cold el fuego fire la fuente fountain fuera: por ---- on the outside; ---- de out of, outside fuerte strong, secure, firm la fuerza force, strength la fuga flight, escape fugaz fugitive; brief, fleeting fundirse to blend, combine, unite la fusta whip el futuro future

galante gallant, courtly la galería underground passage; veranda, porch galopar to gallop gallardo,-a graceful, elegant gallego,-a Galician (belonging to the Spanish province of Galicia) el gallo rooster la gana inclination, desire ganar to gain, win, earn gastar to spend, wear out el gato cat el gazpacho Andalusian dish made of bread, oil, vinegar, onions, and garlic el general general general general, usual, customary la gente people; las ----s people genuino,-a genuine el geranio geranium el gerundio gerund el gesto gesture girar to revolve, turn round el gitano gypsy la gitana gypsy la gloria glory, delight; heaven glorioso,-a glorious, blessed Góngora, Luis de (1561-1627) Spanish poet gordo,-a thick, stout el gorrión sparrow la gota drop (of liquid) goteado,-a spotted gotear to drop, leak la gotita dim. of gota gozar to rejoice la gracia grace, pleasing manners, attractiveness; en ---- de for the sake of; ----s thanks el grajo jackdaw la gramática grammar; repaso de ---- grammar review gran see grande la grana fresh red color el granado pomegranate tree grande great, large, big grato,-a grateful, pleasing gris gray gritar to shriek, cry el grito cry, shriek la grupa rump, haunch (of a horse or donkey) el grupo group gualdo,-a yellow, gold color guapo,-a pretty, good looking el guarda guard, keeper guardia guard, watch; la ---- civil body of rural police in Spain; el ---- civil member of rural police la guirnalda garland, wreath gustar to please el gusto taste; pleasure, delight

la Habana Havana (capital of Cuba) haber to have; hay there is (are); ---- de + inf. to be to; hay que one must el habla language hablar to talk hacer to make, do; no ---- caso not to mind, pay no attention; ---- pedazos to break into pieces; ----se to become; ----se el cojo to pretend to be lame; ----se ilusiones to form illusions; hace cuatrocientos años four hundred years ago hacia towards el hambre f hunger; con ---- hungry el harapo rag harto,-a (de) satiated (with) hasta prep. as far as, until, to; conj. also, even el hecho action, fact la herida wound la heridilla dim. of herida la hermandad brotherhood el hermano brother hermoso,-a beautiful, lovely la hermosura beauty el herradero cattle branding el hervor boiling; heat hervoroso,-a fiery, ardent la hierba grass, food (for cattle) el hierro iron el higo fig el hilo thread; failing drops (of liquid) hinchado,-a swollen hinchar to swell la historia history, story el hocico nose (of an animal) el hogar home la hogaza large loaf of bread la hoguera bonfire, blaze la hoja leaf, holgar (ue) to rest, be idle holgazanear to idle, loiter el hombre man el hombro shoulder el homenaje homage, tribute el honor honor, fame la hora hour; time el horizonte horizon el hormigón concrete el horno Dutch oven el hospital hospital hoy today, now (the present time) el hueco hollow hueco,-a hollow, empty la huerta vegetable garden el huerto orchard, fruit garden el hueso bone huír to escape, run away humano,-a human humear to smoke; emit smoke la humedad dampness húmedo,-a damp humilde humble, meek el humor humor, disposition

ideal ideal la identificación identification idílico,-a idyllic el idilio idyll idiomático,-a idiomatic la iglesia church igual equal, similar, like la ilusión illusion; see hacer imaginario,-a imaginary, fancied impacientar to irritate; ----se to become restless imperativo,-a imperative el imperfecto imperfect el imperio command importar to be important, matter la imprentilla stamping outfit la impresión impression, impress, stamp incendiado,-a fiery, brilliant incendiar to set on fire el incendio fire incesante incessant, continual inclinar to incline, bend, lean incluír to include, contain inconfundible unmistakable indeciso,-a irresolute, hesitating indeterminado,-a indeterminate, indefinite indicar to indicate, point out el indicativo indicative el indicio sign individual individual indudablemente undoubtedly inexplicable inexplicable la infancia infancy, childhood infantil childlike infeliz unhappy infinito,-a infinite, unlimited el infinitivo infinitive la influencia influence ingenuo,-a naive, ingenuous inglés,-a English; m. Englishman; f. Englishwoman inicial: (letras) -es initials iniciar to begin, start inmenso,-a large, immense inmortal immortal la inmortalidad immortality innumerable countless inocente innocent, harmless, simple inquieto,-a restless, noisy insistentemente insistently, persistently el instante instant, moment instintivo,-a instinctive el insulto insult inteligente intelligent la intensidad intensity intenso,-a intense intentar to try, attempt el intento purpose, design el interés interest interior interior interminable endless, interminable íntimo,-a intimate intrigar to puzzle, fascinate inútilmente uselessly el invierno winter invisible invisible ir to go, appear; ---- a cuerpo to go without a wrap; ----se to go away; se nos van los ojos tras él our eyes follow him; van diciendo keep saying irracional irrational irritar to irritate, anger

jadeante panting, breathless jadeoso,-a breathless, panting jamás never el jamón ham la jara cistus, rock-rose (evergreen shrub) el jardín garden la jaula cage el jirón piece torn from clothing; part of a garment José Joseph joven young; m. young man; f. young woman la joya jewel Juan John el juego game, amusement jugar (ue) to play (a game) el juguete toy, plaything junto near, close; ---- a next to, by justo,-a just, right la juventud youth

el labio lip el lacedemonio Lacedemonian, Spartan el lacre sealing wax el lado side; de ---- sideways; al ---- de near, next to ladrar to bark el ladrido barking el ladrillero brick maker el ladrillo brick, tile el lagar wine press la lágrima tear lamentable lamentable, deplorable lamer to lick, lap, touch slightly la lámpara lamp el lápiz pencil largamente for a long time largo,-a long lastimero,-a sad, mournful latir to throb, palpitate la lavandera laundress el lecho bed la lectura reading leer to read lejano,-a distant, far lejos far away; ---- de far from; a lo ---- in the distance la lengua tongue, language lentamente slowly la lente lens lento,-a slow, heavy la letra letter; en ---- bastardilla in italics el letrero sign, label, notice levantado,-a raised, lifted levantar to raise, rouse; ----se to rise, get up leve light la libertad liberty, freedom, libre free, unrestrained el librito dim. of libro el libro book la lila lilac bush, lilac (flower) límpido,-a limpid, clear limpio,-a clean el lírico lyric poet el lirio lily listo,-a ready, prompt la literatura literature liviano,-a light, frivolous el lobo wolf loco,-a crazy, excited; m. and f. crazy person la locución locution, phrase la locura madness lograr to achieve, accomplish el lomo back of an animal. la lucha struggle luego then, presently Luis Louis el lujo luxury, extravagance lujoso,-a luxurious, sumptuous la lumbre fire, light luminoso,-a luminous la luna moon el lunar stain, patch lunarear: lunareada de blanco dotted with white el lunes Monday el luto mourning la luz light

la llama flame, blaze la llamada call, knock llamar to call, to knock (at the door) la llave key llegar to arrive, come, reach; ----se to approach; ---- a + inf. finally llenar to fill; to load, burden lleno,-a full, filled llevar to take, carry, wear; ----se to take away llorar to cry, weep lloroso,-a tearful, sorrowful la lluvia rain

la madre mother la madrugada dawn mágico,-a magic, marvelous magnífico,-a magnificent, splendid mago,-a magian (pl. magi); los Reyes Magos the Three Wise Men el majuelo vineyard el mal evil, harm; adv. badly malo,-a bad, wicked; sick, ill la malva mallow la mancha stain, spot mandar to command, order; ---- venir to send for la mandarina mandarin (applied to a variety of orange tree and its fruit) la mano hand, fore foot manso,-a tame, gentle la manteca lard, fat, butter el mantel table cloth la manzana apple la mañana morning; adv. tomorrow mar m. and f. sea la maraña jungle, tangle maravillar to admire, amaze maravilloso,-a wonderful marchar to go, go away; ----se to go away la margarita common daisy, marguerite el marinero sailor, mariner marino,-a marine; tempestad ----a a storm at sea el marino sailor la mariposa butterfly la marisma marsh, swamp marismeño,-a of or pertaining to 'Las Marismas' (a name given to the low-lying lands between Seville and Sanlúcar along the Guadalquivir River; the breed of horses of this district is famous) el mármol marble marzo March más more, most; ---- bien rather; ---- que or de more than; ni ---- ni menos just as la máscara mask, disguise, face mask; masked person matar to kill el matiz tint, shade; sin matices monotonously máximo,-a chief, principal, very great mayo May mayor greater, greatest, larger, largest, older, oldest (of persons) mecer to shake, rock la media stocking mediante through el médico doctor, physician medida: a ---- que according as, in proportion as medio,-a half; a ---- vestir half dressed; en ---- de in the midst of el mediodía noon, midday medroso,-a terrible, dreadful; timorous, fainthearted mejor better, best, finest la melancolía gloom, melancholy melancólico,-a sad, melancholy la memoria memory el mendigo beggar menos less; al ---- at least menudo,-a small, slender; a ---- often merecer to deserve, be worth merodear to pillage la mesura gravity, seriousness el metal metal meter to put métrico,-a metric el metro metre, verse form el miedo fear; por ---- de que for fear that; dar ---- a uno to make one afraid, strike fear into one la miel honey mientras while el migajón crumb, soft part (of bread) el milagro miracle Millet, J.F. (1815-1875) famous French painter of landscapes and peasant folk. Among his best known works are the Gleaners (Las Espigadoras) and the Angelus. el mimo caress, delicacy mimoso,-a fond, tender la mirada look el mirador balcony (overlooking a patio); bay window mirar to look at, watch; ---- de reojo to look from the corners of the eyes miserable miserable, wretched la miseria misery, poverty mismo,-a same, self el misterio mystery misterioso,-a mysterious el moco: ---- de pavo crest of a turkey moderno,-a modern el modo manner; de algún ---- in some way el modismo idiom, locution Moguer a town in the province of Huelva, Andalusia, Spain moguereño,-a pertaining to Moguer el molino mill el momento moment la moneda coin, money Monsieur French title equivalent to Spanish señor el monte mountain Montemayor name of a farmer la montera glass roof (of a patio) skylight morado,-a purple, violet morder (ue) to bite mordiscar to nibble el mordisco bite, piece bitten off mordisquear nibble moreno,-a brown, dark moribundo,-a dying, near death morir (ue) to die moruno,-a Moorish moscatel muscatel (applied to a kind of grape) el mosquitito dim. of mosquito el mosquito mosquito mostrar (ue) to show mover (ue) to move el mozo farm hand la muchacha girl el muchacho boy mucho adv. much muchos,-as many el mudéjar Mohammedan who, without change of religion, became a subject of Christian monarchs mudo,-a dumb, silent la muerte death muerto,-a dead, deceased la mujer woman; las ----es de Millet the figures of women to be found in the paintings of Millet multiplicar to multiply, increase mullir to soften el mundo world la muñeca doll la música music mustio,-a sad, dejected muy very, greatly

nacer to be born nada nothing nadie no one, nobody la naranja orange, ---- mandarina mandarin orange el naranjo orange tree el nardo tuberose nativo,-a native la naturaleza nature naturalmente naturally la navaja razor, clasp knife navegar to navigate, sail nazareno,-a Nazarene; see barba necesario,-a necessary necesitar to need necio,-a ignorant, stupid la negación negation negativamente negatively negativo,-a negative la negrita young negress el negrito young negro negro,-a black; m. and f. negro, negress la negrura blackness, darkness nervioso,-a nervous, vigorous ni neither, nor el nicho niche, recess (in a wall) el nido nest Niebla town in the province of Huelva, Andalusia, Spain la nieve snow ninguno,-a none, not any; pl. no one, any one; ----a parte nowhere la niña small girl; child el niño small boy; child níveo,-a snowy noblemente nobly, generously la nobleza nobleness, dignity la noche night; a la ---- at night; de ---- at night el nombre name; sin ---- nameless la noria chain pump, draw well la nostalgia homesickness, yearning notar to notice el novillo steer el novio fiancé, betrothed la novia fiancée, betrothed la nube cloud la nuca nape (of the neck) nuestro,-a our nuevecito,-a dim. of nuevo nuevo,-a new; de ---- again el número number nunca never

obligar to compel, oblige la obra work la obscuridad darkness obscuro,-a dark, dusky el ocaso setting, occident, west octubre October ofrecer to offer el oído sense of hearing; ear oír to hear ojalá would that el ojo eye el oleaje succession of waves oler (a) to smell (of) el olor odor, fragrance, scent la olla pot, kettle olvidar to forget ombrío,-a shady oprimir to press, crush la oración sentence la oreja ear original original la originalidad originality el oro gold la ortografía spelling, orthography el otoño autumn otro,-a other, another; ----a vez again

la paciencia patience el padre father pagar pay la página page el país country el paisaje landscape la paja straw, blade (of grass) el pajarillo dim. of pájaro el pájaro bird la palabra word, speech pálido,-a pale la palma palm (of the hand); las ----s clapping (of hands), applauding el palo stick, log el pan bread, loaf (of bread) el panadero baker la pandereta small tambourine el paño cloth el pañuelo handkerchief el papel paper el papelillo bit of paper; los ----s confetti para for, in order to, at the time of el paraíso paradise paralelamente parallel to, in a parallel way pararse (en) to stop (at) parecer to seem; ----se (a) to look like, resemble la pared wall el párrafo paragraph la parte part; ninguna ---- nowhere el participio: ---- pasivo past participle partir to split, divide, break; ---- de to leave pasado,-a past pasar to pass, go; impers. to happen el pasito short step; ---- corto short-stepped gait el paso step, gait el pastor shepherd la pastora shepherdess la Pastora the Virgin Mary la pata foot and leg of animals la patada kick, step la patadita dim. of patada paternal fatherly, paternal el patinillo dim. of patio el patio yard, court el pato duck la pausa pause, delay el pavo turkey el payaso clown la paz peace el pechillo dim. of pecho el pecho chest, breast el pedazo piece; hacer ----s to break into pieces pedir (i) to ask, request pegar to hit, beat; to give (what the noun object implies) pelear to fight, quarrel; ----se to come to blows el peligro danger el pelo hair peludo,-a hairy, covered with hair el pellejillo dim. of pellejo el pellejo wine skin la pena pain, sorrow; dar ---- a uno to excite pity, make one feel sorry péndulo,-a hanging, pendent el péndulo pendulum penetrante penetrating penetrar to penetrate, enter into, permeate el pensamiento thought, pansy pensar (ie) to think, meditate Pepe Joe pequeñito,-a dim. of pequeño,-a pequeño,-a small, little; de ---- as a child pequeñuelo,-a very little or young la percepción perception percibir to perceive, note perder (ie) to lose, disappear el perejil parsley la perfección perfection perfecto,-a perfect, perfect tense el permiso permission, leave permitir to permit, allow pero but la perra female dog; five centime copper coin; ¡venga tu ----! give me your money! el perro dog la persona person el personaje personage personal personal pesado,-a heavy pesar to weigh; a ---- de in spite of el pesebre manger el peso weight el pétalo petal piadoso,-a sympathetic, kindly el picaporte bolt (of a door) el pico beak, bill (of a bird) el pie foot la piedad pity la piedra stone la pierna leg la pieza piece Pinete proper noun, name of a fountain el pino pine pintado,-a painted, colored, mottled pintar to paint, color pintoresco,-a picturesque la pintura painting la piña pine cone pisar to step on la pistola pistol la pita century plant la placidez placidness, calmness la plata silver plateado,-a silvery el platero silversmith, jeweller la playa beach la plaza square; ---- de toros bull ring la plenitud plenitude, abundance pleno,-a full, complete la pluma feather, pen el plumón soft plumage (under the wings of birds) el pobre poor man, poor person pobre poor, poor fellow poco,-a little, small quantity; a ---- soon; ---- a ---- little by little poder to be able, can la poesía poetry, poem el poeta poet poético,-a poetic policromo,-a many colored el polvo dust polvoriento,-a dusty el pollino donkey poner to put, place; ----se to become; ----se a begin, undertake el poniente the west popular popular, of the people poquito,-a dim. of poco por by, through, along; ---- dentro within; ---- eso on that account; ---- escrito in writing; ---- fin at last, finally; ---- fuera on the outside; ¿---- qué? why? porque because; ---- sí because he just had to (on account of old age) el portón large door portorriqueño,-a Porto Rican la posada inn posar to rest, settle, repose poseer to possess, own posesivo,-a possessive posible possible la posición position el postigo shutter el potro colt el poyo stone seat against a wall; ---- de la ventana window seat el prado field, meadow precedente preceding preceder to precede precisamente precisely el pregón cry la pregunta question, inquiry preguntar to ask, inquire premiar to reward el premio reward, prize prender to seize, grasp, bind preparar to prepare presentar to present, introduce el presente present la presidenta lady chosen to act as a kind of patroness at the bull fight el pretérito preterite prieto,-a very dark; compressed Prim y Prats, Juan (1814-1870) Spanish general and politician who distinguished himself in the wars in Morocco and in Mexico la primavera spring primero,-a first, principal; adv. first la princesa princess principalmente principally el príncipe prince la prisa hurry, haste, speed la probabilidad probability procurar to try, endeavor producir to produce profundamente profoundly el pronombre pronoun pronto soon; de ---- suddenly propio,-a own la prosa prose protestar to protest proximo,-a near la púa thorn la publicación publication el público public público,-a public el pueblo town, village el puente bridge la puerta door; ---- falsa side door pues then, well; ---- sí yes indeed el puesto place pujante powerful, strong la punta point, end el puntal pillar, prop, support; los Puntales name of a vineyard el punto point; instant, moment; al ---- immediately el puñalillo small dagger la pureza purity, innocence el puro cigar puro,-a pure, clear

que conj. that, for, than; qué rel. pro. that, who (whom) which; int. pro. ¿qué? what? ¿a qué?, ¿para qué? why? quebradizo,-a frail, weak quebrar (ie) to break, to moderate quedar to stay, stop, remain to be left; ----se to stay; no quedaba bien it did not turn out well la queja complaint; tener ---- de to have complaint against quemar to burn, scorch querer to wish, want; ---- a to like, love; ---- decir to mean el queso cheese quien, ----es who, the one who, whom ¿quién, ----es? who? whom? ¿de ----? whose? quieto,-a quiet, still la quijada jaw, jaw bone Quijote Don Quixote (hero of Cervantes' famous novel) quitar to take away, remove quizá, quizás perhaps, maybe

la raíz root, herb; origin la rama branch la ramita dim. of rama Ramón Raymond la ranilla frog of the hoof rápido,-a swift, rapid raro,-a rare; ---- a vez seldom raudo,-a rapid, swift la raya dash el rayo ray (of light) razonar to talk, argue real real realizar to realize, achieve reandar to retravel rebuznar to bray el rebuzno braying (of a donkey) recargado,-a set on (as an appliqué) recibir to receive recio,-a rude, coarse el recogimiento absorption, concentration reconcentrado,-a self-centered el reconcentramiento concentration, attraction reconocer to recognize recordar (ue) to remember el recuerdo remembrance la redacción oral or written composition redoblar to repeat often el redoble roll (of a drum) redondo,-a round; clear, even reeditar to reedit refinado,-a refined el refinamiento refinement reflexivo,-a reflexive el regalo gift, present el regato small stream, pool la regla rule, law; ruler el reguero trickle, drip reidor merry, joyous, hilarious la reina queen reír to laugh; ----se to laugh relativo,-a relative relinchar to neigh reloj watch, clock remoto,-a remote, distant remover (ue) to remove, take away; ----se to stir, move la rendija crevice, crack rendir (i) to subdue, overcome renegrido,-a blackish, dark brown la renovación revival, renewal renovar to renew reojo: mirar de ---- to look from the corners of the eyes el repaso review resonar (ue) to resound, ring el resorte spring respetar to respect, honor el respeto respect resplandeciente shining, bright responder to detain, keep back; respond, answer la respuesta answer, reply la retama broom retener to detain, keep back la revelación revelation reventar to burst, break revivir to revive revolar (ue) to fly around revolcar (ue) to knock down; ----se to wallow revolear to fly around la revolución revolution revolver (ue) to turn; turn over, wrap up, envelop; ----se to move to and fro el rey king la ribera shore, beach riente smiling, laughing rígido,-a stiff, rigid el rincón corner el río river Río Tinto a town in the province of Huelva, Spain la riqueza wealth, richness la risa laugh, laughter risueño,-a smiling, pleasing rizoso,-a curly, crimpy robar to steal el roble oak tree, oak (wood) el rocín nag Rocinante name of Don Quixote's horse rodar to roll, revolve, rotate rodear to surround, encircle el rodrigón vine prop rojo,-a red, flushed el romance ballad romano,-a Roman el romero rosemary romper to break; ----se to become moderate la ropa clothes la rosa rose; rose color rosado,-a rosy el rosal rose bush la rosca ring-formed biscuit roto,-a broken, torn, ragged rozar to graze, touch lightly rubio,-a blonde, golden el rucio donkey la rueda wheel el ruido noise el rumor sound, murmur rumoroso,-a murmuring

la sábana sheet (for a bed) saber to know, know how el sabor taste, flavor sacar to take out, pull out el saco sack, bag la sala parlor, living room la salamandra salamander (a species of lizard) el saliente projection, end salir (de) to go out, leave, issue from la salita dim. of sala saltar to jump, leap, frisk el salto cataract, falls saludar to greet, bow la salvia sage San Saint Sancho name of Don Quixote's squire la sangre blood la sanguijuela leech sano,-a sound, healthy el santo saint el sarmiento twig of grape vine la satisfacción satisfaction satisfecho,-a satisfied seco,-a dry; harsh, severe el secreto secret secreto,-a secret, hidden, obscure el segador harvester seguir (i) to follow, continue, remain según adv. according to, as segundo,-a second seguro,-a secure, safe; sure, certain selecto,-a select sellar to stamp el sello stamp la semana week la sencillez simplicity sencillo,-a simple, light, plain la sensibilidad sensibility, sensitiveness sensitivo,-a sensitive sentado,-a seated sentar (ie) to set, fit; ----se to be seated el sentido meaning sentido,-a sensitive, feeling sentimental sentimental el sentimiento sentiment, feeling sentir (ie) to feel, perceive by the senses septiembre September la sepultura grave, tomb ser to be la serenidad serenity, tranquillity sereno,-a serene, calm, clear serio,-a serious, grave servir (i) to serve; ---- para, to be useful or fit for Sevilla, Seville (largest city of Andalusia) si if sí yes siempre always; ----que whenever siguiente following el silbido whistle, whistling sound el silencio silence, stillness silencioso,-a silent, still la silla chair; saddle la sillita dim. of silla simpático,-a sympathetic, attractive, charming simple simple sin without sinceramente sincerely la sinceridad sincerity sincero,-a sincere singular peculiar sino but siquiera: ni (no)---- not even sobre on, upon, over; ---- todo especially la sobriedad contention, restraint la sobrina niece el sobrino nephew socavar to undermine sofocado,-a breathless sofocar to choke, smother el sol sun, sunlight; al ---- in the sun; ver el ---- see the light of day solamente only la soledad solitude, loneliness la solicitud solicitude solitario,-a lonely, lonesome solo,-a alone, single, solitary sólo only soltar (ue) to untie, loosen, let go sollozante sobbing, plaintive la sombra shade, shadow, darkness el sombrero hat sombrío,-a shady; gloomy sonar (ue) to sound, ring el sonido sound, noise sonoro,-a sonorous, loud sonreír to smile soñado,-a dream soñador,-a dreamy soñar (con) to dream (of) soñoliento,-a sleepy, drowsy sorprender to surprise, take unawares suave soft, smooth, delicate, mellow subir to go up, mount; raise, lift up, pull up súbito,-a sudden, hasty subordinado,-a subordinate subrayar to underline el substantivo substantive sucio,-a dirty el sudor sweat, perspiration sudoroso,-a sweating, perspiring el suelo ground, floor; echarse al ---- to dismount suelto,-a p.p. of soltar el sueño sleep, drowsiness; dream sufrir to suffer, endure; undergo el sujeto subject sumir to sink sumiso,-a submissive, humble superior superior el superlativo superlative supremo,-a supreme el sur South surgir to arise susceptible susceptible, capable suspirar to sigh, breathe el suspiro sigh sustituír to substitute el susto scare, fright

la taberna tavern la tabla board tácito,-a tacit, silent tal,----es such el talle form, figure; girdle, belt; de ---- around the shoulders el tamaño size, stature también also el tambor(cillo) drum tampoco adv. neither, not either tan so, as tanto,-a so much, as much; pl. so many, as many; en ---- in the meantime; por lo ---- therefore tapar to cover, conceal la tapia mud wall la tarde afternoon, evening; adv. late la tardecita, dim. of tarde técnico,-a technical la teja roof tile el tejado tiled roof el tema theme, composition temblar (ie) to tremble, quiver tembloroso,-a tremulous, shivering temer to fear el temperamento temperament la tempestad tempest, storm temprano,-a early; adv. early, soon tender to stretch out, extend el tenducho wretched shop tener to have, possess; to be the matter with; ---- cabida to find room, find a place; ---- el corazón epcogido to be downhearted; ---- queja de to have complaint against tenso,-a stretched, extended teñir (i) to dye, stain tercero,-a third la ternura tenderness, softness terrible dreadful, terrible el tesoro treasure, wealth el testuz nape, crown (of the head) tibiamente carelessly la tibieza tepidity; absence of extreme heat or cold tibio,-a tepid, warm; mild, balmy; feeble el tiempo time, weather; tense tierno,-a tender, affectionate la tierra earth, land; ---- adentro inland la tijera scissors el timbre timbre, tone la tinta ink, color tinto,-a dyed, tinged; red (wine) el tío uncle; coll. good old man tirar (de) to pull el tiro shot, discharge (of a firearm) el tirón pull, tug tísico,-a consumptive tiznar to smear with soot la tizne soot, grime tocar to touch; play (musical instrument); ---- las palmas to clap the hands todavía still, yet todo,-a all, every; ----os everybody; del ---- entirely; sobre ---- especially tomar to take, grasp el tomo volume tonto,-a silly, foolish; m. and f. foolish person la topada bump, blow topar to strike against; touch el torbellino whirlpool tordo,-a dapple-gray torear to fight bulls in the ring; coll. to tease el torero bull fighter torno: en ---- round about, on the outside el toro bull; los ----s bull fight; corrida de ----s bull fight; plaza de ----s bull ring torpemente slowly la torre, tower tosco,-a crude, uncouth toser to cough tostado,-a tanned tostar to toast, tan trabar to join, fasten; ---- amistad con make the acquaintance of tradicional traditional la traducción translation traducir to translate traer to bring, lead trágico,-a tragic el traje dress, costume tranquilo,-a calm, quiet tras after, behind el trato treatment treinta thirty el tren train tres three trescientos three hundred el trigo wheat el trino trill (musical) triste sad, sorrowful la tristeza sadness la trompeta trumpet, bugle el tropel crowd trotar to trot el trote trot; ---- cerrado short trot el trotecillo dim. of trote

último,-a last, remote el umbral threshold el único only one único,-a only, rare, unique unir to join, unite; ----se to join la universidad university uno,-a one; ----s some usar to use el uso use la uva grape

la vacación vacation vaciar to empty vacío,-a empty vagamente vaguely, lazily vago,-a roaming, wandering valer to be worth, to be valid or binding; eso no vale that doesn't count valiente valiant, brave el vals waltz el vallado inclosure, stockade el valle valley vano,-a vain, futile la variación change, variation veinte twenty la vejez old age la vela candle velado,-a veiled, hidden; hushed el velador lamp table la vena vein la vendimia vintage, harvest el vendimiador vintager la vendimiadora vintager venir to come (the reflexive form is often used instead of the neuter verb) la ventana window; poyo de la ---- window seat la ventanilla dim. of ventana ver to see, observe el verano summer el verbo verb la verdad truth; de ---- real; es ---- it is true verdadero,-a true, real verde green la vereda path; ---- abajo down the path el vergel flower garden la verja iron grating el verso verse; pl. poems verter (ie) to pour out el vestidillo dim. of vestido el vestido dress, clothes vestir (i) to dress; a medio ---- half dressed; ----se to be dressed, dress oneself; vestido de limpio dressed in clean clothes la vez time; de ---- en cuando from time to time; de una ---- at once; en ---- de instead of; otra ---- again; rara ---- seldom; dos veces twice el viajante commercial traveler viajar to travel vibrante vibrating vibrar to vibrate, resound viceversa adv. vice versa la vida life viejecito,-a dim. of viejo viejo,-a old; m. and f. old man, old woman; ----s old people Viena Vienna (capital of Austria) el viento wind el vino wine la viña vineyard violento,-a violent, boisterous la violeta violet la virilidad manhood la virtud virtue, power; por ---- de by virtue of la visión vision visitar to visit la víspera eve, day before la vista sight, view vistosamente beautifully, showily vistoso,-a showy, beautiful la viuda widow la viudita dim. of viuda la vivacidad vivacity vivir to live vivo,-a alive, active, lively la vocación calling, vocation la vocería clamor, outcry el volante flounce volar (ue) to fly volver (ue) to turn, return, go back vosotros, ----as you la voz voice; en ---- alta aloud el vuelo flight la vuelta turn, return; de ---- de on the way back from vuestro,-a your

y and ya already, now la yerba grass yergue see erguir yerto,-a stiff, motionless yo I

el zaguán entrance, hall la zanja ditch, trench el zapato shoe la zarzamora blackberry bush